Jane Austen and the Second Amendment

No, this isnt about the arsenal you should have to fight the zombie invasion, but rather about punctuation. The Second Amendment famously reads (at least in its official version):

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Whats with those commas after Militia and Arms? Well, as Steven Pinkers superb new The Sense of Style: The Thinking Persons Guide to Writing in the 21st Century notes, the famous first line of Pride and Prejudice likewise reads,

It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.

The commas in this sentence are likewise odd to the modern eye, but that just reflects a shift in comma use from 200 years ago: Around 1800, commas were used in large part to indicate the flow of a spoken sentence: Pinker notes that [w]riters used to place them wherever a pause felt natural, regardless of the sentences syntax. Today, though, commas are generally used to demarcate particular syntactic features of the sentence; they arent used just to indicate pauses (though sometimes the syntactic comma does fall in a place where an oral pause would also be normal).

The Constitution itself offers many more examples of commas in places where we wouldnt see them today, for instance,

The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof .

[N]o Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office .

Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort.

Nor does this just reflect some general comma before shall' rule; the Constitution often uses no comma in front of similar shall constructions. Rather, the function of a comma seems to have more broadly changed (and largely narrowed) since 1791 and 1813.

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Jane Austen and the Second Amendment

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