Less than two miles from Icelands Reykjavik airport sits a nondescript metal building as monolithic and drab as a commercial poultry barn. Theres a deafening racket inside, too, but it doesnt come from clucking chickens. Instead, tens of thousands of whirring GPUs perform the complex, exhaustive calculations needed to verify cryptocurrency transactions and add them to the public record, otherwise known as the blockchain. Hundreds of thousands of fans blast cold air to keep the machines from overheating, aided by six giant ceiling turbines that spin with the collective force of 360 washing machines.
The facility, called Enigma and established by Genesis Mining in 2014, is easily the loudest environment that British photographer Lisa Barnard has ever documented. She visited two years ago while shooting her project Bitcoin. "The biggest thing I remember was just the noise and the flashing lights and wiring," Barnard says. "It was like being inside a computer."
The high-tech barn seems worlds away from the geysers, waterfalls, and lagoons that inspire 2.3 million tourists each year (not to mention a few Bjrk lyrics), but its as much a product of Icelands unique geology as any of those. The Nordic island country straddles the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates meet, molding a volcanic terrain webbed by glacial rivers and studded with gemstone-aquamarine lakes. The abundant water and underground heat is harnessed by hydroelectric dams and geothermal power stations to produce cheap, green electricity that facilitates the energy-intensive process of confirming cryptocurrency transactionscalled mining, since miners are rewarded for their efforts with newly minted and extremely volatile coins. The fact temperatures rarely top 57 degrees Fahrenheit also helps.
It wasn't long after Bitcoin's creation, on January 3, 2009, that cryptocurrency companies began moving to Iceland. In 2016, large data centers accounted for nearly 1 percent of its GDP, with cryptocurrency mining operations making up 90 percent of those. They now use more electricity than all of Icelands homes combined, with electric bills at Enigma running more than $1 million per month. But however green the energy, miners still cant escape a dilemma as old as picks and shovels: how to extract resources without marring the landscape. According to local experts cited by The Wall Street Journal, keeping up with demand for electricity requires building more dams and power stations that could alter Icelands unique, sensitive environment.
That tension intrigues Barnard. She became interested in cryptocurrencies while working on her new book The Canary and the Hammer, a visual exploration of gold. It piqued her interest in digital gold that isnt controlled by a central bank, leading her from Bitcoin meet-ups in Japan, the first country to officially recognize cryptocurrencies, to data centers in Iceland, where theyre mined on an industrial scale. I was interested in this idea of it being an equitable currency, Barnard says, and yet it has the potential to be very destructive as far as the land is concerned.
So, after photographing Enigma, she also ventured out to Svartsengi geothermal power station (which supplies electricity to crypto-miners and water to the Insta-famous Blue Lagoon) and other sites of thermal activity. Standing before ethereal, bubbling pools, she felt an almost palpable connection to the inner workings of the earth, both terrifying and beautiful at the same time, she says. The sulphur-smelling waters steamed and hissed, many decibels below the crypto-digital roar to which theyre weirdlyand maybe inextricablylinked.
More Great WIRED Stories
Original post:
Inside the Icelandic Facility Where Bitcoin Is Mined - WIRED
- Crypto()Currency - CryptoCurrency.org - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- Cryptocurrency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- TNW - Stefan Molyneux - Money, Power and Politics The Cryptocurrency Revolution - Video - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- How to Set Up a Ripple (CryptoCurrency) Generating System! - Video - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- Bitcoin / Cryptocurrency - An Extensive FAQ - Video - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- --- The Great Debate --- Bitcoin vs Altcoin @ The CryptoCurrency Convention 4/9/14 - - Video - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- Bryce Weiner @ CryptoCurrency Convention 4/9/14 - - Video - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- Popularcoin @ CryptoCurrency Convention 4/9/14 - Joshua Nold - Video - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- TimeKoin @ CryptoCurrency Convention 4/9/14 - Michael Brown - Video - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- Infinitecoin @ CryptoCurrency Convention 4/9/14 - Loring Small - Video - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- Bitcoin Exchange CryptoRush Loses Millions of BlackCoin Cryptocurrency - Video - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- Brock Pierce, Entrepreneur "FireSide Chat" @ CryptoCurrency Convention NYC - 4/9/14 - Video - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- [OFFICIAL SPONSOR] Nick Spanos, Bitcoin Center NYC @ CryptoCurrency Convention 4/9/14 - Video - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- AuroraCoin @ CryptoCurrency Convention NYC 4/9/14 - David Lio - Video - April 26th, 2014 [April 26th, 2014]
- Dogecoin Founder Speaks on the Future of Cryptocurrency - April 27th, 2014 [April 27th, 2014]
- As Bitcoin Soars in Value, Alternative Cryptocurrencies ... - April 27th, 2014 [April 27th, 2014]
- Florincoin @ CryptoCurrency Convention NYC 4/9/14 - Joe Fiscella - Video - April 27th, 2014 [April 27th, 2014]
- DigiByte @ CryptoCurrency Convention NYC 4/9/14 - Jared Tate - Video - April 27th, 2014 [April 27th, 2014]
- Digitalcoin @ CryptoCurrency Convention NYC 4/9/14 - Andrew Davidson - Video - April 27th, 2014 [April 27th, 2014]
- PotCoin @ CryptoCurrency Convention NYC 4/9/14 - Nick Iversen - Video - April 27th, 2014 [April 27th, 2014]
- ZenithCoin @ CryptoCurrency Convention NYC 4/9/14 - Eddie Corral - Video - April 27th, 2014 [April 27th, 2014]
- BitAngels Co-Founder, David Johnson @ CryptoCurrency Convention NYC 4/9/14 - Video - April 27th, 2014 [April 27th, 2014]
- Australian dogecoin founder speaks on the future of cryptocurrency - April 28th, 2014 [April 28th, 2014]
- Coinnext Cryptocurrency Exchange Coming Soon - Video - April 29th, 2014 [April 29th, 2014]
- Cryptocurrency News Round-Up: MtGox Hearing Begins as Bitcoin gets Bloomberg Endorsement - May 1st, 2014 [May 1st, 2014]
- mTrader.org - Cryptocurrency Mining System - Video - May 1st, 2014 [May 1st, 2014]
- CryptoCurrency - cryptobars commodity Launch! - Video - May 1st, 2014 [May 1st, 2014]
- The Mises View: "Taxing Cryptocurrency" | Jeff Deist - Video - May 2nd, 2014 [May 2nd, 2014]
- Coin Pursuit Launches SliceFeeds Interactive Cryptocurrency Network - May 3rd, 2014 [May 3rd, 2014]
- Cryptocurrency | Ground Zero with Clyde Lewis - May 3rd, 2014 [May 3rd, 2014]
- CS 171 Final Project: Cryptocurrency Visualizations - Video - May 3rd, 2014 [May 3rd, 2014]
- Cryptocurrency Explained The Tech Guy 1046 - Video - May 3rd, 2014 [May 3rd, 2014]
- Know How 74 Cryptocurrency - Video - May 4th, 2014 [May 4th, 2014]
- MIT undergrads will each receive $100 in bitcoin - May 5th, 2014 [May 5th, 2014]
- cryptocurrency - Fortune Finance: Hedge Funds, Markets ... - May 8th, 2014 [May 8th, 2014]
- Bitcoin wins US election panel's approval for political donations - May 9th, 2014 [May 9th, 2014]
- CryptoCurrency of the World Unite! - Video - May 9th, 2014 [May 9th, 2014]
- Major Dogecoin Wallet Hacked, Shut Down - May 13th, 2014 [May 13th, 2014]
- Such hack, much sad: Doge Vault reportedly loses $56,000 in heist - May 13th, 2014 [May 13th, 2014]
- BBT Presents: Ode to Cryptocurrency - Video - May 13th, 2014 [May 13th, 2014]
- Scryptify Cryptocurrency Video - Crypto Currency Exchanges - Video - May 13th, 2014 [May 13th, 2014]
- AMD cuts Radeon R9 280 price as inflation woes die down - May 15th, 2014 [May 15th, 2014]
- The Cryptocurrency Certification Consortium - Video - May 15th, 2014 [May 15th, 2014]
- Bitpagar Cryptocurrency - Video - May 16th, 2014 [May 16th, 2014]
- TagPro - Cryptocurrency Juke Session w/ LTB & Counterpary - Video - May 16th, 2014 [May 16th, 2014]
- How to Mine Cryptocurrency Safely - Video - May 16th, 2014 [May 16th, 2014]
- Bunnycoin - Innovative New Cryptocurrency - Video - May 16th, 2014 [May 16th, 2014]
- Jan Irvin on Learning, Statism, Culture, Cryptocurrency and Voluntarism -- Potent News Podcast #1 - Video - May 16th, 2014 [May 16th, 2014]
- Nxt cryptocurrency platform: Proof of Stake mining system - Video - May 18th, 2014 [May 18th, 2014]
- Cryptocurrency Round-Up: Darkcoin Rise Continues; Dogecoin Saved My Life & Bitcoin Explainer Videos - May 19th, 2014 [May 19th, 2014]
- Givecoin.info Announces Partnership with Do A Bit of Good: World's First Charitable Mining Screensaver - May 21st, 2014 [May 21st, 2014]
- Cryptocurrency: Get Mining! - Video - May 22nd, 2014 [May 22nd, 2014]
- Violincoin - The first cryptocurrency for musician - - Video - May 22nd, 2014 [May 22nd, 2014]
- Trollcoin - The Fun Cryptocurrency! - Video - May 22nd, 2014 [May 22nd, 2014]
- Cryptocurrency and Nonprofits with Eric Nakagawa - Video - May 23rd, 2014 [May 23rd, 2014]
- The Cryptocurrency Store - Video - May 23rd, 2014 [May 23rd, 2014]
- The Cryptocurrency Store (Spanish/Espagnol) - Video - May 23rd, 2014 [May 23rd, 2014]
- How To Trade CryptoCurrency: Sign up to a safe and reliable exchange for trading CryptoCurrency - Video - May 23rd, 2014 [May 23rd, 2014]
- UT students to launch cryptocurrency exchange - May 24th, 2014 [May 24th, 2014]
- Videoconferencia Cryptocurrency 201243946 - Video - May 27th, 2014 [May 27th, 2014]
- VideoCharla Jesus Ramos Cryptocurrency - Video - May 27th, 2014 [May 27th, 2014]
- Cryptocurrency Round-Up: Bitcoin Pioneer Dies and Digital Currency's Status in Australia - August 31st, 2014 [August 31st, 2014]
- Bitcoin enthusiasts discuss the cryptocurrency - Video - August 31st, 2014 [August 31st, 2014]
- Make Fast 1.0 up to 10.00 BTC or Any Cryptocurrency REAL CASH - Video - August 31st, 2014 [August 31st, 2014]
- Halcyon cryptocurrency - Video - August 31st, 2014 [August 31st, 2014]
- Selling products / services / fiat money for cryptocurrency - Coinkite PoS Terminal - Video - August 31st, 2014 [August 31st, 2014]
- Selling cryptocurrency to customers - Coinkite PoS Terminal - Video - August 31st, 2014 [August 31st, 2014]
- Cryptocurrency Made Simple - A Plain English Guide to Bitcoins - September 8th, 2014 [September 8th, 2014]
- PotatoCoin - The cryptocurrency for the third world - Video - September 8th, 2014 [September 8th, 2014]
- How To Trade One Kind Of Cryptocurrency For A Different Kind Of Cryptocurrency - Video - September 8th, 2014 [September 8th, 2014]
- How To Fund Your Bleutrade Cryptocurrency Trading Account - Video - September 8th, 2014 [September 8th, 2014]
- How To Open An Account At Bleutrade.com Cryptocurrency Exchange - Video - September 8th, 2014 [September 8th, 2014]
- Cryptocurrency Round-Up: Apple Pay Boosts Bitcoin, Nakamoto Negotiates With Hacker - September 11th, 2014 [September 11th, 2014]
- Qoinpro Cryptocurrency Faucet ok - Video - September 12th, 2014 [September 12th, 2014]
- Weekly Roundup - CEX.IO - Multi-Functional cryptocurrency exchange - Video - September 12th, 2014 [September 12th, 2014]
- TCR #27: Cryptocurrency growth, 9/11 Anniversary, CDC Scandal, Face Your Fears - Video - September 12th, 2014 [September 12th, 2014]
- VanosEnigmA 011 Bitcoin-Comedy BitcoinDog CryptoCurrency-Cat Naughty - Video - September 15th, 2014 [September 15th, 2014]
- WikiLeaks Avoided Bitcoin to Prevent Government 'Destroying' Cryptocurrency - September 16th, 2014 [September 16th, 2014]
- LXC Coin crowdfunds in challenge to Bitcoin - September 16th, 2014 [September 16th, 2014]
- Why Bitcoin Is Poised To Win Big In Las Vegas - September 19th, 2014 [September 19th, 2014]