Nanoparticles made from the corn protein zein may provide the next generation of carriers for agricultural pesticides.

A research team led by scientists in the LSU AgCenter has been awarded a four-year grant of $489,000 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture to study the environmental fate and effects of engineered nanoparticles particles that are 1,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair developed to deliver agricultural chemicals.

The study, led by AgCenter researcherCristina Sabliovin the Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, focuses on the interactions between thezein nanoparticles, called ZNPs, and the environment, including plants and insects.

As pesticide carriers, the particles entrap the chemicals and provide more-targeted application with less runoff or improper exposure. The ZNPs are biodegradable.

We want to know their impacts on plants and insects, Sabliov said. Were taking an integrated approach to see what happens with the ZNPs in the environment.

Most pesticides are not water soluble, so they must be formulated with surfactants or solvents before spraying on a plants surface. The ZNPs, on the other hand, are water soluble and can be used as carriers for the pesticides.

The project will assess the ZNPs as a chemical delivery system and evaluate how they adhere to a plants leaves and roots and move through them.

To get the material to adhere to a plant, the ZNPs must carry a positive electrical charge because the leaf surface has a negative charge. Surface properties of nanoparticles make a difference on how they move in the environment, degrade and affect the entrapped pesticide.

To test the environmental effects of the ZNPs, Sabliov and researcherCarlos Asteteare developing nanoparticles with three electrical charges positive, negative and neutral. To assure the environmental safety of the ZNPs, Sabliovs team includes two scientists who will evaluate the environmental effects of the particles that have a positive, negative or neutral charge.

Melanie Kahat the University of Auckland in New Zealand will evaluate the environmental fate of the particles, including their persistence in nature.Jason White,chief analytical chemist at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, will test how the particles affect plant health.

In both cases, the particles will be empty, containing no pesticides.

This will ensure the effects of the carrier itself are measured, and the hope is that the particles will not be harmful to plants or the environment, Sabliov said. They will be field tested and not be restricted to a laboratory.

The scientists know the ZNPs will degrade. The question they want to answer is how long it will take and what will happen in the meantime. Because the materials are biodegradable, we know they are safe by design, Sabliov said.

In addition to environmental activity, AgCenter entomologistJeff Daviswill test ZNPs with an entrapped insecticide to determine their effectiveness as a pesticide carrier for treating for soybean loopers, an important soybean defoliator; fall armyworms; and corn earworms.

We want to use ZNPs to improve the efficiency of pesticides without impacting the environment, Sabliov said. Early indications are that the pesticide has longer efficacy in the plant when its applied in ZNPs.

Sabliov began her work with nanoparticles and pharmaceuticals and moved on to expand her research to improve the environmental safety of agricultural chemicals.

Sabliovs early work with ZNPs and soybean looper pesticides was funded with grants from the Louisiana Soybean and Grain Promotion Board. She also has had support from the Louisiana Farm Bureau.

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