Electron beam – plasma system with the return current and directivity of its X-ray emission

Authors: M. Karlický and J. Kašparová
A&A 506, 1437 (2009) Received 2 June 2009 / Accepted 29 July 2009
Keywords: Sun: flares, Sun: particle emission, Sun: X-rays, gamma rays

Rotational spectra of isotopic species of methyl cyanide, CH_3CN, in their ground vibrational states up to terahertz frequencies - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Cosmological parameter extraction and biases from type Ia supernova magnitude evolution - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Continuous monitoring of pulse period variations in Hercules X-1 using Swift/BAT - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Constraining the ortho-to-para ratio of H{_2} with anomalous H{_2}CO absorption - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
A photometric and spectroscopic study of the new dwarf spheroidal galaxy in Hercules - Metallicity, velocities, and a clean list of RGB members - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Luminosities and mass-loss rates of SMC and LMC AGB stars and red supergiants - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The propagation of the shock wave from a strong explosion in a plane-parallel stratified medium: the Kompaneets approximation - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Analysis of hydrogen-rich magnetic white dwarfs detected in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Letter: Centaurus A as TeV \gamma-ray and possible UHE cosmic-ray source - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Young pre-low-mass X-ray binaries in the propeller phase - Nature of the 6.7-h periodic X-ray source 1E 161348-5055 in RCW 103 - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Radiative rates and electron impact excitation rates for transitions in Cr VIII - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Solar granulation from photosphere to low chromosphere observed in Ba II 4554 Å line - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Does the HD 209458 planetary system pose a challenge to the stellar atmosphere models? - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Effect of asymmetry of the radio source distribution on the apparent proper motion kinematic analysis - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Destriping CMB temperature and polarization maps - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Search for cold debris disks around M-dwarfs. II - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Precise data on Leonid fireballs from all-sky photographic records - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
An X-ray view of 82 LINERs with Chandra and XMM-Newton data - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Radio observations of ZwCl 2341.1+0000: a double radio relic cluster - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Candidate free-floating super-Jupiters in the young \sigma Orionis open cluster - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The metallicity gradient as a tracer of history and structure: the Magellanic Clouds and M33 galaxies - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
XMMSL1 J060636.2-694933: an XMM-Newton slew discovery and Swift/Magellan follow up of a new classical nova in the LMC - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The inner rim structures of protoplanetary discs - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The solar Ba{\sf II} 4554 Å line as a Doppler diagnostic: NLTE analysis in 3D hydrodynamical model - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Magnetic evolution of superactive regions - Complexity and potentially unstable magnetic discontinuities - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Low-mass protostars and dense cores in different evolutionary stages in IRAS 00213+6530 - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
PMAS optical integral field spectroscopy of luminous infrared galaxies - I. The atlas - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
First AGILE catalog of high-confidence gamma-ray sources - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Radiative hydrodynamics simulations of red supergiant stars - I. interpretation of interferometric observations - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs around A–F type stars - VII. \theta Cygni radial velocity variations: planets or stellar phenomenon? - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Cosmic rays and the magnetic field in the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253 - II. The magnetic field structure - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Physical structure and water line spectrum predictions of the intermediate mass protostar OMC2-FIR4 - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The bright galaxy population of five medium redshift clusters - II. Quantitative galaxy morphology - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Dust in brown dwarfs and extra-solar planets - II. Cloud formation for cosmologically evolving abundances - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The quiet Sun magnetic field observed with ZIMPOL on THEMIS - I. The probability density function - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Complexity in the sunspot cycle - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Properties and nature of Be stars - 26. Long-term and orbital changes of \zeta Tauri - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The massive Wolf-Rayet binary LSS 1964 (=WR 29) - II. The V light curve - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Supernova progenitor stars in the initial range of 23 to 33 solar masses and their relation with the SNR Cassiopeia A - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram of Star Clusters - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Table of the 10 Brightest stars within 10 Parsecs of the Sun - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram of the Nearest Stars - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Magnitude and Color in Astronomy - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Stellar Types - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Brown Dwarfs - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Spotting the Minimum - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The Structure and Evolution of Brown Dwarfs - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
No Bang from the Big Bang Machine - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The Sizes of the Stars and the Planets - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
An Implausible Light Thrust - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
the Masses of Degenerate Objects - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Degeneracy Pressure - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Introduction to Degenerate Objects - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The Radii of Degenerate Objects - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The Inevitability of Black Holes - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Scientific Pig-Out - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The Neutrino Cooling of Degenerate Dwarfs - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
The Neutrino Cooling of Neutron Stars - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Overview of Supernovae - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Energetics of Thermonuclear Supernovae - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Thermonuclear Supernovae - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Nuclear Reactions in Thermonuclear Supernovae - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Core-Collapse Supernovae - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Neutrinos and SN 1987A - November 8th, 2009 [November 8th, 2009]
Revealing the sub-AU asymmetries of the inner dust rim in the disk around the Herbig Ae star R Coronae Austrinae - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
Probing the dust properties of galaxies up to submillimetre wavelengths - I. The spectral energy distribution of dwarf galaxies using LABOCA - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
On the physical origin of the second solar spectrum of the Sc II line at 4247 Å - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
On detecting the large separation in the autocorrelation of stellar oscillation times series - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
Imaging the spotty surface of Betelgeuse in the H band - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
Chandra observation of Cepheus A: the diffuse emission of HH 168 resolved - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
A planetary eclipse map of CoRoT-2a - Comprehensive lightcurve modeling combining rotational-modulation and transits - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
The chemical composition of carbon stars. The R-type stars - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
Flow instabilities of magnetic flux tubes - IV. Flux storage in the solar overshoot region - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
Fragmentation of a dynamically condensing radiative layer - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
Temporal variations of the CaXIX spectra in solar flares - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
Deuterium chemistry in the Orion Bar PDR - “Warm” chemistry starring CH_{2}D^+ - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
Metal abundances in the cool cores of galaxy clusters - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
The nature of the X-ray binary IGR J19294+1816 from INTEGRAL, RXTE, and Swift observations - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
Relating basic properties of bright early-type dwarf galaxies to their location in Abell 901/902 - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]
Impact of helium diffusion and helium-flash-induced carbon production on gravity-mode pulsations in subdwarf B stars - December 13th, 2009 [December 13th, 2009]