A number of recent reports paint a grim picture for the future of global democracy. According to democracy and human-rights watchdog Freedom House, 2018 marked the 13th consecutive year of decline in global freedom.
Since 1994, according to the New York Times, 75 countries have taken steps toward authoritarianism. It is easy to conclude an inevitable, continued decline lies ahead, especially as the U.S. government steps away from its role as the global champion of democracy.
But it is important not to overlook an important piece of the global landscape. Though authoritarianism is on the rise, so are the number of people taking to the streets demanding greater freedom, accountability and transparency from their governments.
In far-flung locales, from Hong Kong, Kazakhstan, Venezuela and Algeria to Poland and Sudan, citizens have used nonviolent action to push back against corruption, cronyism and rigid laws and to overthrow ossified autocrats.
Together, these movements tell a different and deeply encouraging story of a democratic resurgence that probably wont be driven by partner nations, heads of state or U.S. leadership. Instead, it will come from people themselves, who have imbibed the powerful ideas and values of democracy and are demanding that vision for themselves.
Remarkably, and against great odds, some of these movements are creating transformational change. In Sudan earlier this year, a popular movement challenged an entrenched military junta, prompting accused war criminal Omar Bashir to step down and ushering in a political transition.
Massive non-violent demonstrations in Armenia forced that countrys leader to resign in 2018. The Peoples Peace Movement in Afghanistans Helmand province where efforts culminated in a 300-mile march to Kabul to demand a ceasefire and talks between the Afghan government and the Taliban ultimately helped jumpstart recent peace talks. And in Algeria, the countrys longest-serving head of state stepped down after tens of thousands of Algerians took to the streets demanding change.
Moreover, research indicates that nonviolent action can be an important indicator that democracy will take hold, bolstered by the very action of civil resistance. Why Civil Resistance Works, co-authored by U.S. Institute of Peace Director of Nonviolent Action Maria Stephan, found that political transitions driven by civil resistance led to democratic outcomes 57 percent of the time, versus 6 percent for transitions driven by armed insurgencies.
The authors concluded that the skills associated with nonviolent organizing, negotiating differences, building coalitions, and collective action reinforce democratic norms and behaviors.
Tunisia is a powerful example of this, where the determined action of civil society groups, human rights activists, labor unions and lawyers resulted in the only Middle East country that has continued on its pathway to democracy after the tumult of the Arab Spring. A quartet of Tunisian leaders rightfully earned a Nobel Prize in 2015, representing the actions and commitments of tens of thousands who joined together to march, negotiate and demand democracy.
There are plenty of examples in which nonviolent resistance failed to lead to democracy. It is difficult for movements to maintain the discipline of nonviolence and, once violence takes hold, movements quickly lose legitimacy and the ability to attract the broadest swath of supporters, from grandmothers to police officers.
It is not enough to topple a dictator; citizens need the support and space to resolve conflicts and build more responsible governance for the long-term.
The heartbreak of courageous movements that failed as they did in Egypt, Yemen and, most tragically, Syria underscores how tenuous gains can be. However, even with these cautionary tales still fresh and potent, the latest wave of movements has not been deterred, illuminating how deeply and broadly the values of democracy and freedom have taken root.
This is where the international community can and should make a difference. Arguably, more important than world leaders taking the helm is the international commitment to provide the tools, training and guidance necessary to support the discipline of nonviolence, capitalize on the determination and energy of these movements, and build in greater systems of accountability
There is much cause for alarm with the current turn toward authoritarianism. However, if we look more carefully, there also is great inspiration in the nonviolent movements that have risen up, even in deeply repressive environments.
The values that are shared throughout the community of democracies, enshrined in the foundation of the U.S. and in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, are now animating citizens around the world to stand up to corrupt, repressive regimes.
The courage and determination of these citizens to attain the promise of a democracy that delivers is carrying forward the vision and filling the void of U.S. global leadership which is the core of the democratic ideal itself.
Nancy Lindborg is president and CEO of the United States Institute of Peace, an independent, nonpartisan federal institute that promotes global conflict resolution and training in diplomacy and peace-building initiatives.
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Revolutions of our time: Freedom without US leadership | TheHill - The Hill
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