Islands (miniseries) – Wikipedia

Islands is an American animated miniseries based on the show Adventure Time by Pendleton Ward. It aired as part of the show's eighth season on Cartoon Network from January 30, 2017, to February 2, 2017. Adventure Time follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape, grow and shrink at will. In this limited event series, Finn, Jake, BMO (voiced by Niki Yang) and Susan Strong (voiced by Jackie Buscarino) leave Ooo and voyage across the ocean to learn about Finn's origin. During their trip, they encounter various creatures, new friends, and several interesting islands. The trip culminates with a visit to Founder's Island, where Finn meets his biological mother, Minerva Campbell (voiced by Sharon Horgan), and discovers what happened to the remainder of the human race.

DVD cover

Islands is the second Adventure Time miniseries to have been produced, following Stakes, which aired in November 2015. Islands was preceded by the release of a graphic novel, which tied into the story and served as a prequel. The miniseries' story was developed by head writer Kent Osborne, series showrunner Adam Muto, story editor Jack Pendarvis, and staff writer Ashly Burch. Storyboard artists who worked on this miniseries include Sam Alden, Polly Guo, Seo Kim, Somvilay Xayaphone, Tom Herpich, Steve Wolfhard, Graham Falk, Pendleton Ward, Hanna K. Nystrm, Aleks Sennwald, Kent Osborne, and Adam Muto. Cole Sanchez and Elizabeth Ito served as the miniseries' supervising directors, and Sandra Lee served as art director. Islands was met with positive reviews, with many critics applauding how the miniseries further developed the show's characters. Additionally, the episode "Imaginary Resources" won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation at the 69th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards in 2017. Islands was released on DVD on January 24, 2017.

Contents

A large robotic craft arrives searching for Finn. When Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada) finally encounters it, Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio) destroys it with his fist. Princess Bubblegum (voiced by Hynden Walch) examines the wreckage and discovers its location of origin; this engenders in Finn a desire to discover the craft's creators. Finn thus resolves to travel across the sea from whence the craft came, but before leaving, he tells Fern (voiced by Hayden Ezzy) to stay and look after Ooo for him. Princess Bubblegum, Marceline (voiced by Olivia Olson) and Fern see Finn, Jake and Susan Strong (voiced by Jackie Buscarino) off on their voyage. Initially, the journey is easy and uneventful, but soon, Finn, Jake, and Susan encounter a sea dragon named Whipple (voiced by Josh Fadem), who turns out to be rather annoying. BMO (voiced by Niki Yang), who unbeknownst to the others was stowing away on their boat, angrily tells Whipple off, which causes the sea dragon to summon a storm and destroys their boat. This predicament forces Jake to use his magical powers and take on the shape of a boat for the rest to ride. Unfortunately, below the surface of the water, a species of jellyfish latches onto him, which causes Jake to begin hallucinating. Eventually, after much struggle, Finn and Susan are able to remove them, which causes the hallucinations to end. At this point, Jake complains about wanting to return home, but Finn reveals how important this trip is to him. Whipple overhears Finn's lament and begins to feel sorry for his actions; he then uses his powers to blow the group over the dangerous waters.

After an encounter with a mysterious colossus, Finn wakes up on an island where the weather drastically fluctuates. After meandering around for awhile, he eventually encounters an old lady named Alva (voiced by Helena Mattsson) who does not speak English. Alva invites Finn to her home and shows her home movies of other humans who have since presumably died. Later, Finn, Alva and her pet bear encounter Jake, who informs the group that he does not know the whereabouts of either BMO and Susan. Finn and Jake eventually head to a futuristic island where all of society has hooked themselves up to a virtual reality simulator. BMO is revealed to have become the heroic leader of the VR people, and he rules them along with his sidekick Vinny (voiced by Reggie Watts). Jake decides to go and destroy the generator powering the VR after BMO refuses to leave. Feeling bad for BMO, as well as the emaciated humans who emerge from the virtual reality simulator, Finn asks Jake to fix the generator, but BMO fixes it himself. BMO recognizes that if he remains behind, he will lose his friends, and so he, Finn, and Jake take a pod to the next island. It is on this stop that Finn, Jake and BMO find Susan, who begins to recall her long-forgotten past (as well as her adult-level intellect).

An extended flashback reveals Finn's origin, and what happened to the other humans. Roughly a thousand years prior to the main events of the series, a group of humansaided by Marcelinefled Ooo on a container ship (as seen in Stakes). They eventually settled on a secluded island chain far from the mainland. Over the next thousand years, their community thrived and developed into an advanced technological society. While it was a veritable utopia, there were those few who occasionally grew dissatisfied with their rigidly structured lives and attempted to flee the island; these "hiders" were in turn hunted down and returned by specially trained "seekers". It is revealed that Susan's real name is Kara, and that she was once a seeker in training. Kara was friends with a fellow human, Frieda (voiced by Jasika Nicole), who began expressing a desire to flee the safe albeit authoritarian island. This revelation causes Kara some discomfort, so she approaches Dr. Gross (voiced by Lennon Parham), the cybernetic human in charge of training seekers, asking if the humans can live off the island. Dr. Gross convinces her that the outside is dangerous and, to prevent her from fleeing, she controls Kara with a remote control. Now fully under Dr. Gross's control, Kara stops Frieda from leaving and drags her away crying. Back in the present, Susan tells Finn her real name and decides to take Finn to Founders Island so that he can be reunited with his mother, Minerva Campbell (voiced by Sharon Horgan).

The audience is then presented with a series of flashbacks detailing how Minerva, a doctor, met Finn's father Martin Mertins (voiced by Stephen Root) when he was hospitalized after it was mistakenly believed he was attempting to leave the island with a group of escapees. Martin and Minerva eventually fell in love and had Finn. However, when the group of attempted escapeesled by an elderly widow (voiced by Laraine Newman)sought revenge on Martin, he fled on a boat with Finn. His escape is thwarted by the colossusrevealed to be a security device that was created to protect Founders Island from outside threatswho attacks the craft. In the chaos, the pair are separated, leaving Finn to drift away. The group is arrested and Minerva is heartbroken over Martin and Finn's disappearance.

Back in the present, the group make it to Founders Island where humans have been living in relative peace. While Kara seeks to make amends with Frieda, Finn and Jake discover that the island is full of Minerva look-alike robots called "helpers". They are brought to the real Minervaa digitized consciousnesswhen Finn is identified as her son. Minerva reveals that she had Dr. Gross send Kara to retrieve Finn, but years had passed and Dr. Gross had accidentally released a deadly virus that was killing humans. Minerva had her essence uploaded into a computer, and then created the helpers to assist the human race. Now that she is with Finn, she expresses her desire that he stay permanently. Finn tries to convince Minerva that life off the island is not all bad, but Minerva thinks off-island life is dangerous. Finn then tries to convince the humans to leave, and they all rally alongside him. This causes Minerva to attempt to upload the consciousnesses of all the islands' inhabitants. To prevent this, Finn shares with her his memories of helping people, causing her to back down; she realizes that Ooo is not nearly a threat as she before believed. The humans all change their minds about leaving, except for Frieda. With Minerva's help, they defeat the colossus. Later, Kara and Frieda announce to Finn, Jake, and BMO that they have made amends and are leaving to have their own adventures. Finn has one final talk with Minerva through the VR headset, where the two embrace in the digital realm. Finn then returns to Ooo with Jake and BMO.

In February 2015 at an upfront regarding Cartoon Network's programming for the 2015 to 2016 television season, the network announced that Adventure Time would air a special miniseries entitled Stakes during the show's seventh season.[1] Comprising 8 episodes and airing in November 2015, this miniseries was a "phenomenal success, ranking as the #1 program in its time period with all key kids and boys audiences."[2] Prior to the airing of Stakes, head story writer Kent Osborne revealed that the show would likely produce several more miniseries,[3] and when it was announced that the series would end in 2018, the network's official press release stated that prior to the show's conclusion there would be "new episodes, mini-series, specials and more".[4]

According to TheSlanted, Cartoon Network took to "teas[ing]" information about the Islands miniseries immediately prior to its release.[5] For instance, in early November 2016, ComiXology announced that the graphic novel Islands would tie "into the huge Adventure Time: Islands television event, the mini-series airing on Cartoon Network this winter where Finn meets other humans and an important member of his family for the first time",[6] and later that month, an Amazon.com page for a pre-order of the Islands DVD was made available.[7][8] Similarly, on December 9, the official Adventure Time Tumblr account revealed that the miniseries would have a unique title sequence.[9] The announcements concerning the intro sequence, however, did not specifically explain what Islands was or when it would air.[10] Official announcements detailing the miniseries were finally released on December 12, 2016 via a press release distributed to various media outlets.[11]

Much like Stakes,[12] Islands has a unique title sequence that was designed just for the miniseries.[10] The new intro was storyboarded by Sam Alden and, much like the Stakes intro, was animated by Masaaki Yuasa's company Science SARU.[13] The sequence was previewed via Cartoon Network's Facebook page and the official Adventure Time Tumblr on December 12; at this time, the latter noted: "We were incredibly fortunate to have the fantastic staff of Science SARU animate [the] intro for [the] Islands miniseries. [Science SARU is] so good it's breathtaking."[9] Unlike the usual sequence which begins episodes of Adventure Time, the Islands intro adopts a nautical theme, and highlights the characters Finn, Jake, Susan Strong, and BMO; the theme itself is sung by Jeremy Shada, the voice actor for Finn.[13]

The miniseries' story was developed by head writer Kent Osborne, series showrunner Adam Muto, Jack Pendarvis, and Ashly Burch. Storyboard artists who worked on this miniseries include Sam Alden, Polly Guo, Seo Kim, Somvilay Xayaphone, Tom Herpich, Steve Wolfhard, Graham Falk, Pendleton Ward, Hanna K. Nystrm, Aleks Sennwald, Kent Osborne, and Adam Muto. Cole Sanchez and Elizabeth Ito served as the miniseries' supervising directors, and Sandra Lee served as art director.[nb 2]

The miniseries features vocal performances courtesy of the show's regular crew: Jeremy Shada (who voices Finn the Human), John DiMaggio (who portrays Jake the Dog), Hynden Walch (who voices Princess Bubblegum), and Olivia Olson (who plays Marceline the Vampire Queen). Niki Yang (who voices the sentient video game console BMO) and Jackie Buscarino (who lends her voice to the recurring character Susan Strong) also play an integral part in the miniseries.[14][15] The Adventure Time cast records their lines together as opposed to doing it individually. This is to capture more natural sounding dialogue among the characters. Hynden Walch has described these group session as akin to "doing a play readinga really, really out there play."[16]

The miniseries also features several guest actors lending their voices to various characters. Josh Fadem voices Whipple the sea-dragon, Helena Mattsson plays Alva, Reggie Watts voices Vinny, Jasika Nicole voices Freida, Livvy Stubenrauch plays young Kara/Susan, Sharon Horgan voices Finn's mother Minerva, and Laraine Newman lends her voice to the Widow.[15] Likewise, Lennon Parham and Stephen Root reprise their roles as Dr. Gross and Finn's father Martin, respectively. Root had previously appeared in a string of sixth-season episodes, beginning with "Escape from the Citadel", and Parham had last voiced her character in the seventh-season finale "Preboot".[17][18]

Islands aired as part of the show's eighth season on Cartoon Network from January 30, 2017, to February 2, 2017.[19] The miniseries made its international debut on Cartoon Network Australia on March 13, 2017.[20] In South Korea, Islands was edited into a feature film and then released theatrically on April 13, 2017.[21] Islands premiered on Cartoon Network UK on July 17, 2017 and concluded on July 20, 2017.[22]

The premiere episodes, "The Invitation"/"Whipple the Happy Dragon", were collectively watched by 1.20 million viewers and they both scored a 0.3 in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic according to Nielsen (Nielsen ratings are audience measurement systems that determine the audience size and composition of television programming in the United States); this means that 0.3 percent of all households with viewers aged 18 to 49 years old were watching television at the time of the episodes' airing.[23] This made the two episodes the most-watched installments of the series, in terms of viewers, since the seventh-season episode "Five Short Tables", which was viewed by 1.36 million viewers.[24] The miniseries' final two episodes, "Helpers" and "The Light Cloud", were collectively viewed by 1 million viewers, and scored a 0.27 in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic.[25]

Pre-release reviews of the miniseries were largely positive. Zack Smith of Newsarama gave the miniseries a largely positive review and called it "fan service writ large, one that will prove immensely satisfying for long-term fans of the series".[26] He applauded the way the string of episodes managed to start out with self-contained stories and move into a dense and emotional backstory. Tonally, Smith described the miniseries as possessing "the feel of an old-school post-apocalyptic SF sagaa journey through a devastated-but-wondrous world, with a sense of danger and mystery detached from the Land of Ooo."[26] Smith's only complaint was that "there's enough rich emotional material once the voyagers reach their destination that it feels like more time could be spent there".[26] Matthew Jacobson of The Spectrum wrote that "the story is masterful and imaginative" and that "if Islands is a litmus test, then the final season should be one heck of an adventure."[27]

Post-release reviews were also positive. Oliver Sava of The A.V. Club awarded the miniseries an "A" and wrote that it "can be seen as a summary of Adventure Time's growth over seven seasons, beginning with smaller, sillier tales that build to something much deeper."[28] He applauded how Islands "does fantastic work fleshing out supporting characters", specifically highlighting the show's nuanced and multidimensional portrayal of Martin, Dr. Gross, and Susan Strong.[28] He wrote that the miniseries' main story is "a powerful thesis statement cementing the show's overall message that adventure is at the core of personal discovery and fulfillment", and that this same story is "extremely relevant to the United States' current socio-political climate".[28] Dave Trumbore of Collider wrote that the string of episodes were "packed full of emotional resonance and deeply complex character relationships" and "dip[ped] into some emotionally difficult territory".[29] Trumbore was particularly complimentary towards the way the show managed to explicate Susan's character by giving her a compelling backstory. Ultimately, Trumbore wrote that while "Adventure Time: Islands succeeds in every aspect the series has become known for," it also "comes up short in familiar ways... Unfortunately, the style (and the duration) of Adventure Time episodes works against... delving into [the show's] mythology... so we'll just have to obsess over whatever glimpses we get and settle for watching this series again and again."[29]

In a highly complimentary review for The New Republic, Juliet Kleber wrote that "Islands does a dizzying amount of plot development in 80-something minutes."[30] Furthermore, she argued that "Finn's coming-of-age story and the exploration of the post-apocalyptic plotline" as featured in the miniseries "are handled just as deftly as any other subjectwith fun and a tinge of sorrow."[30] Zach Blumenfeld of Paste Magazine gave Islands a slightly more mixed, albeit still positive, review. He complimented the philosophical musing of the miniseries, which he argued "takes on shades of Black Mirror and existentialism to cast a critical eye on technology and the human spirit."[31] Blumenfeld wrote:

Islands [...] [gives] us a world in which incredibly advanced bioengineering and cybernetics have kept humans alive and ensconced in relative comfort. But the twist is that the very scientific drive to innovate and develop these technologies is precisely what damned our species in the first place. [...] What Islands ends up delivering, therefore, is the most harrowing answer to Fermi's famous paradox: Intelligent life will inevitably destroy itself.[31]

With this being said, he felt that episodes such as "Whipple the Happy Dragon" and "Mysterious Island" took time away from the main story, compacting Finn's emotional reaction to Founder's Island, which resulted in "relative emotional emptiness".[31]

Common Sense Media awarded the Islands miniseries with "The Common Sense Seal", calling it a "beautiful animated miniseries [that] explores a deep backstory."[32] The episode "Imaginary Resources" won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation at the 69th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards in 2017.[33][34]

Warner Home Video released the entire miniseries digitally and on DVD on January 24, 2017.[7] This marked the second time that Adventure Time episodes had been released on home media before officially airing on Cartoon Network (the first instance being the release of the episode "Princess Day" on the DVD of the same name on July 29, 2014).[5][38]

In October 2016, it was announced that the stand-alone comic book, Islands, written by series' storyline writer Ashly Burch would function as a prequel to the miniseries.[6] The book was released on December 6, 2016.[40]

Directing clarifications

Explanatory notes

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Islands (miniseries) - Wikipedia

The Hawaiian Islands | Hawaii.com

The Hawaiian Islands | Hawaii.com Aloha! We've updated our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. Please click Accept if you're okay with these updates. Accept You're currently on: Home The Hawaiian Islands-Pick an Island-OahuMauiKauaiBig IslandLanaiMolokai Aloha, e komo mai

The Hawaiian Islands are one of the most geographically isolated places on earth, over 2,400 miles and nearly 4,000 km to the closest landmass, which is California, USA. Born of a volcanic hotspot rising from the sea floor of the Pacific Ocean, the Hawaiian archipelago formed nearly 75 million years ago, with the eldest islands of the chain long since eroded and submerged beneath the seas surface to the northwest and the youngest of the islands still forming beneath the seas surface to the south east.

This unique history of formation and isolation has given rise to breathtaking and extraordinary wonders. Perfect white sand beaches, abundant reefs, towering waterfalls, lush valleys, snow-capped mountains and fiery hot volcanic cauldrons captivate the hearts of those who visit as well as those who call this beautiful place home. A special culture has evolved from the unique natural environment of these islands. Native Hawaiians are the host culture here, and the values of Aloha have laid the foundation for the Hawaii we have today. Since the 1700s, peoples of various cultures have been arriving on these shores, bringing their foods, their music and their ways of life.

Today Hawaii is a bold showcase for farm-to-table fusion cuisine, culturally conscious fashion and innovation. Visitors will find themselves spoiled for options between romantic boutique getaways and family friendly five star resorts. High-end retailers have put Hawaii on the map of world-class shopping destinations, and Hawaiis passionate chefs have created a foodie frenzy here. As far forward as Hawaii has evolved, those looking for a walk back in time can still find Old Hawaii tucked away off the beaten paths. And the ancient stories still exist in the lovely hula hands of dancers who have given themselves as keepers of the culture.

Saturday, Mar. 09, 2019, 6:43:00 AM HST | Current Conditions: 69.1 Mostly Cloudy | Weather data provided by Weather Underground

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BankruptcyInformation.com – Personal Bankruptcy Information

The federal bankruptcy law is designed to provide people going through a tough financial time with an opportunity for a fresh start.

To help you determine if you need a fresh start, you can use our Credit Card Debt Calculator to determine how long it will take to pay off your credit cards if you do nothing.

There are many reasons why people file for bankruptcy relief. Often, it is because of a loss of income due to losing a job or even just a decrease in income that prevents the person from paying all of their bills.

Another life event that may cause someone to file for bankruptcy relief is a medical emergency or prolonged illness that results in massive medical costs that are not covered by insurance. Even the death of a spouse can create a financial crisis where the only alternative is to file for bankruptcy protection. It could even be that someone has made very poor financial decisions in the past and have over-extended himself or herself to the point where it is now impossible to meet all of their financial obligations given their current income.

The bottom line is that people file for bankruptcy relief because some type of life event or circumstance has caused them to be unable to continue paying for their basic living expenses in addition to paying their bills.

The ultimate goal in filing for relief under either Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy is a discharge of your debts.

If you qualify to file for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy case, you will receive a complete discharge of most of, in not all, of your unsecured debts when the case is completed. This means that once the bankruptcy case is closed, you will no longer be legally responsible for the payment of the debts that are discharged through the bankruptcy case.

The automatic stay provisions of Section 362 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code prevent creditors from attempting to collect any debt that is discharged through a Chapter 7 bankruptcy action. This includes collection actions, wage garnishments, judgments and seizure of property.

If you file a Chapter 13 you will create a 3 to 5 year repayment plan. At the end of the successful competition of your plan your debts will be discharged.

The advantage of a Chapter 13 plan is that it may allow to keep your home or other property on which you are behind in payments or which are not covered by your exemptions. You will also enjoy the protections of the automatic stay when you file a Chapter 13 bankruptcy.

The property a debtor can keep through the bankruptcy is determined by the specific exemptions available under state law. Bankruptcy Information allows you to search for state exemptions. In addition, residents of certain states are allowed to choose federal exemptions instead of state exemptions.

Before deciding upon the appropriate course of action you may wish to explore somealternatives to bankruptcy and review thefrequently asked questionssection of the site in order to gain a better understanding of the bankruptcy process.

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Get Your Pre Bankruptcy Certificate – Your Bankruptcy …

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Free State Project – Wikipedia

Free State Project

Logo of the Free State Project

Executive Director

The Free State Project (FSP) is a political migration founded in 2001 to recruit at least 20,000 libertarians to move to a single low-population state (New Hampshire, selected in 2003) in order to make the state a stronghold for libertarian ideas.[2] The project seeks to overcome the historical ineffectiveness of limited government activism which they believe was caused by the small number and diffuse population of libertarian activists across the 50 United States and around the world.

Participants sign a statement of intent declaring that they intend to move to New Hampshire within five years of the drive reaching 20,000 participants. This statement of intent is intended to function as a form of assurance contract. As of February3, 2016[update], 20,000 people have signed this statement of intent[3]completing the original goaland 1,909 people are listed as "early movers" to New Hampshire on the FSP website, saying they had made their move prior to the 20,000-participant trigger.[4] Approximately a dozen Free Staters were elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives in the 2012 election[5] and about 18 in the 2014 election.

The FSP is a social movement generally based upon decentralized decision making. The group hosts various events, but most of FSP's activities depend upon volunteers, and no formal plan dictates to participants or movers what their actions should be in New Hampshire.

The FSP mission statement, adopted in 2005, states:

"Life, liberty, and property" are rights that were enumerated in the October 1774 Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress[7] and in Article 12 of the New Hampshire Constitution.[8]

To become a participant of the Free State Project, a person is asked to agree to the Statement of Intent (SOI):

The FSP is open to people with a minimum age of 18 and United States citizenship is not required; people who promote violence, racial hatred, or bigotry are not welcome in the FSP.[9]

The Free State Project was founded in 2001 by Jason Sorens, then a Ph.D. student at Yale University.[10] Sorens published an article in The Libertarian Enterprise highlighting the failure of libertarians to elect any candidate to federal office and outlining his ideas for a secessionist movement, calling people to respond to him with interest.[11] Sorens soon published a follow-up article [12] backing away from secession, "and it never played a role in the FSPs philosophy from then on.[13]" Sorens has stated that the movement continues an American tradition of political migration, which includes groups such as Mormon settlers in Utah, Amish religious communities[14] and the "Jamestown Seventy",[15] an earlier effort to influence the politics of a particular state through deliberate migration.[16]

The organization began without a specific state in mind. A systematic review started by narrowing potential states to those with a population of less than 1.5 million and those where the combined spending in 2000 by the Democratic and Republican parties was less than $5.2 million, the total national spending by the Libertarian Party in that year. Hawaii and Rhode Island were eliminated from this list because of their propensity for centralized government.[17]

In September 2003, the state vote was held and participants voted using the Condorcet method to choose the state.[18] New Hampshire was the winner, with Wyoming coming in second by a 57% to 43% margin.[18] Alaska, Delaware, Idaho, Maine, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Vermont were also on the list.[14]

New Hampshire was chosen because the perceived individualist culture of the state was thought to resonate well with libertarian ideals.[19] However, the Free State Project has drawn criticism from some New Hampshire residents concerned about population pressure and opposition to increased taxation. On the other hand, some Republicans have responded more favorably to the project because they also favor a small government.[20]

In December 2012, state representative Cynthia Chase (D-Keene) said "Free Staters are the single biggest threat the state is facing today. There is, legally, nothing we can do to prevent them from moving here to take over the state, which is their openly stated goal. In this country you can move anywhere you choose and they have that same right. What we can do is to make the environment here so unwelcoming that some will choose not to come, and some may actually leave. One way is to pass measures that will restrict the freedoms that they think they will find here".[21]

In 2012, the Concord Police Department applied for $258,000 in federal government funding to buy a Lenco BearCat armored vehicle for protection against terrorist attacks, riots, or shooting incidents. The application said: "Groups such as the Sovereign Citizens, Free Staters and Occupy New Hampshire are active and present daily challenges". The grant from the United States Department of Homeland Security was successful and the Concord City Council unanimously approved of the grant after having revised the application to remove references to those political movements.[22]

In September 2014, Republican Party Senate nominee Scott Brown, a former United States Senator from Massachusetts, said his election campaign needed "Freestaters" to support him in his one-minute closing statement at the Granite State Debate.[23]

On February 3, 2016, the Free State Project announced via social media that 20,000 people had signed the Statement of Intent.[24] In a press conference later that day, then FSP president Carla Gericke officially announced that the move had been triggered and that signers were expected to follow up on their pledge.[25] The project organization will change focus from recruiting signers to encouraging them to move to New Hampshire, stating "we want 20,000 movers".

The Free State Project aligns itself with no political party, takes no official political positions, supports no candidates in elections and neither supports nor opposes any particular legislation.[26]

The Free State Project receives its funding from individual donors interested in moving as part of the FSP or attending one of the annual events.[27][28] Donations are tax deductible as the FSP is a tax-exempt nonprofit educational organization, falling under category 501(c)(3). This affects all donations since July 20, 2009.[29]

Several early movers have been elected to the New Hampshire legislature. In 2006, one of its participants, Joel Winters, was elected to the state legislature, running as a Democrat.[19] He was re-elected in 2008, but defeated in 2010.[30] In 2010, 12 Republican Free Staters were elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives.[31]

On December 5, 2012, Free Stater and self-described anarchist Tim O'Flaherty was elected to the state House of Representatives under the Democratic Party ticket, representing Manchester Ward 5.[32] He was defeated for re-election in 2014.

In 2012, elected participants wrote and passed House Bill 418 which requires state agencies to consider open source software and data formats when making acquisitions.[33] However, it died in the Senate.[34]

The Free State Project is the official organizer of two annual events in New Hampshire:

In 2006, Democrat Joel Winters became the first known free stater to become elected to the 400-member New Hampshire House of Representatives.[19] Every two years, the entire House is up for election. In 2010, 12 Free Staters were elected.[31] In 2012, 11 more were elected.[32] In 2014, at least 18 were elected.[40][41] In 2016, at least 15 were elected (out of 32).[42][43]

On February 17, 2006, economist Walter Block publicly expressed his support for the FSP and is quoted as saying:

Jeffrey Tucker reflected about his experiences at the New Hampshire Liberty Forum in Nashua, saying in part: "If you are willing to look past mainstream media coverage of American politics, you can actually find exciting and interesting activities taking place that rise above lobbying, voting, graft and corruption".[46]

The project has been endorsed by Ron Paul[47] and Gary Johnson.[48]

In 2010, Lew Rockwell from the Mises Institute endorsed the project and referred to the city of Keene, New Hampshire as "The northern capital of libertarianism".[49]

In 2011, Peter Schiff said he had considered moving at one point.[50]

Critics argue that the Free State Project is "radical",[51] a "fantasy",[52] or that they "go too far" in seeking to restrict government.[53]

The Free State Project was the centerpiece of the 2011 documentary film Libertopia[54] as well as the 2014 crowdfunded documentary 101 Reasons: Liberty Lives in New Hampshire.[55]

Coordinates: 425923N 712748W / 42.9897N 71.4634W / 42.9897; -71.4634

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Quick and Clean: 40 Non-Processed Snacks That Meet Your …

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In a society that is geared towards instant gratification, the problem with non-processed food is that it isnt quick. One of the major reasons that people give for eating processed foods over whole foods is that I needed something quick. Dont let your need for speed sidetrack your healthy eating habits.

If you are a prepper, its especially important in a disaster situation to have food that you can turn to for quick nutrition. In a grid-down situation, foods that dont require cooking can be especially vital. Some people make the mistake of relying on long-term storage foods that require lengthy cooking times, forgetting that cooking fuel might need to be rationed in order to last throughout the event. Alternatively, relying on highly processed foods will not provide you with the extra energy you need for the demands that may be placed on you physically in such a situation.

One strategy that you can employ for some instant food gratification is to make a habit of a weekly food-prep session. Spend some time each weekend washing, cutting, and cooking food for the week ahead. This will give you cut-up veggies, prepared protein sources and washed fruit that you can eat right from the refrigerator. This session can also include some home-baked goodies for lunch boxes and some complete meals that just need to be reheated at serving time.

Next, be sure to have some foods on hand that can be prepared quickly. Some of the suggestions below are just snacks but when combined with another selection can take the place of a meal:

Note: Once upon a time, tuna was on my healthy snacks list. Post-Fukushima, we dont eat it anymore. Pacific tuna caught off the coast of California is tainted with radiation from the disaster. So-called experts say that the small amount of radiation is safe,but this is a theory that Im not willing to test on my own family

Your healthy snacks are only as good as their ingredients. Food that you produce yourself is always the best option, because then you can be absolutely assured of both the seeds and the farming process. Supplement with items from local farms (find a location near you)or the organic section of your grocery store. When you eat in-season, it is far easier to choose the most nutritious foods and save money. Carefully wash your produce to get rid of any airborne residue that might remain on the food.

Build your pantry stockpile with long-term storage foods. Select healthy basics such as nuts, honey, whole grains, and dried fruits.

When you always have quick options available it is far easier to make choices that fuel your body. What quick and healthy snacks do you feed your family?

Go here to read the rest:

Quick and Clean: 40 Non-Processed Snacks That Meet Your ...

Paterson, New Jersey – Wikipedia

City in New Jersey, United States

Paterson, New Jersey

Downtown Paterson

Map of Paterson in Passaic County. Inset: Passaic County's location in New Jersey.

Interactive map of Paterson, New Jersey

Location in Passaic County

Location in New Jersey

Location in the United States

Paterson is the largest city in and the county seat of Passaic County, New Jersey, United States.[18] As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 146,199,[7][8][9] making it New Jersey's third-most-populous city.[19] Paterson has the second-highest density of any U.S. city with over 100,000 people, behind only New York City.[20] For 2017, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 148,678, an increase of 1.7% from the 2010 enumeration,[10] making the city the 174th-most-populous in the nation.[11]

Paterson is known as the "Silk City" for its dominant role in silk production during the latter half of the 19th century.[1] It has since evolved into a major destination for Hispanic immigrants as well as for immigrants from India, South Asia, and the Arab and Muslim world. Paterson has the second-largest Muslim population in the United States by percentage.[21]

The area of Paterson was inhabited by the Algonquian-speaking Native American Acquackanonk tribe of the Lenape, also known as the Delaware Indians. The land was known as the Lenapehoking. The Dutch claimed the land as New Netherlands, then the British as the Province of New Jersey.[22]

In 1791 Alexander Hamilton (1755/571804), first United States Secretary of the Treasury, helped found the Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures (S.U.M.), which helped encourage the harnessing of energy from the Great Falls of the Passaic River to secure economic independence from British manufacturers. The society founded Paterson, which became the cradle of the industrial revolution in America.[23] Paterson was named for William Paterson, statesman, signer of the Constitution and Governor of New Jersey, who signed the 1792 charter that established the Town of Paterson.[24][25]

Architect, engineer and city planner Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant (17541825), who had earlier developed the initial plans for Washington, D.C., was the first planner for the S.U.M. project.[26] His plan proposed to harness the power of the Great Falls through a channel in the rock and an aqueduct. The society's directors felt he was taking too long and was over budget, and he was replaced by Peter Colt, who used a less complicated reservoir system to get the water flowing to factories in 1794. Eventually Colt's system developed some problems and a scheme resembling L'Enfant's original plan was used after 1846.[27][28]

Paterson was originally formed as a township from portions of Acquackanonk Township on April 11, 1831, while the area was still part of Essex County. It became part of newly created Passaic County on February 7, 1837, and was incorporated as a city on April 14, 1851, based on the results of a referendum held that day. The city was reincorporated on March 14, 1861.[29]

The industries developed in Paterson were powered by the 77-foot-high Great Falls and a system of water raceways that harnessed the falls' power, providing power for the mills in the area until 1914 and fostering the growth of the city around them.[30] The district originally included dozens of mill buildings and other manufacturing structures associated with the textile industry and, later, the firearms, silk and railroad locomotive manufacturing industries. In the latter half of the 19th century silk production became the dominant industry and formed the basis of Paterson's most prosperous period, earning it the nickname "Silk City."[31]

In 1835 Samuel Colt began producing firearms in Paterson, but within a few years he moved his business to Hartford, Connecticut. Later in the 19th century Paterson was the site of early experiments with submarines by Irish-American inventor John Philip Holland. Two of Holland's early modelsone found at the bottom of the Passaic Riverare on display in the Paterson Museum, housed in the former Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works near the Passaic Falls.[32]

Behind Newark and New York, the brewing industry was booming in Paterson in the late 1800s. Braun Brewery, Sprattler & Mennell, Graham Brewery, The Katz Brothers, and Burton Brewery merged in 1890 to form Paterson Consolidated Brewing Company. Hinchliffe Brewing and Malting Company, founded in 1861, produced 75,000 barrels a year from its state-of-the-art facility at 63 Governor Street. All the breweries closed after Prohibition.

The city was a mecca for immigrant laborers, who worked in its factories, particularly Italian weavers from the Naples region. Paterson was the site of historic labor unrest that focused on anti-child labor legislation, and the six-month-long Paterson silk strike of 1913 that demanded the eight-hour day and better working conditions. It was defeated by the employers, with workers forced to return under pre-strike conditions. Factory workers labored long hours for low wages under dangerous conditions and lived in crowded tenement buildings around the mills. The factories then moved to the South, where there were no labor unions, and still later moved overseas.

In 1919 Paterson was one of eight locations bombed by self-identified anarchists.[33]

In 1932 Paterson opened Hinchliffe Stadium, a 10,000-seat stadium named in honor of John V. Hinchliffe, the city's mayor at the time. Hinchliffe Stadium originally served as the site for high school and professional athletic events. From 1933 to 1937 and 1939 to 1945, it was the home of the New York Black Yankees, and from 1935 to 1936 the home of the New York Cubans of the Negro National League.[34] The ballpark was also a venue for professional football games, track and field events, boxing matches, and auto and motorcycle racing.

The comedy team of Bud Abbott and Lou Costello performed at Hinchliffe before boxing matches (Abbott was from the coastal New Jersey city of Asbury Park and Costello was a Paterson native). Hinchliffe is one of only three Negro League stadiums left standing in the United States and is on the National Register of Historic Places. Paterson Public Schools acquired the stadium in 1963 and used it for public school events until 1997, but it is now in disrepair and the schools have been taken over by the state.[35]

During World War II Paterson played an important part in the aircraft engine industry, but by the end of the war urban areas were in decline and Paterson was no exception. Since the late 1960s the city has suffered high unemployment rates and white flight.[36]

Competition from malls in upscale neighboring towns like Wayne and Paramus have forced the big chain stores out of Paterson's downtown, once a premier shopping and leisure destination of northern New Jersey.[citation needed] The biggest industries are now small businesses, with the decline of the city's industrial base. But the city still attracts many immigrants, who have revived its economy, especially through small businesses.[37]

The downtown area has been struck by massive fires several times, most recently on January 17, 1991. In this fire nearly a whole city block (bordered on the north and south by Main Street and Washington Street and on the east and west by Ellison Street and College Boulevard, a stretch of Van Houten Street dominated by Passaic County Community College) was engulfed in flames due to an electrical fire in the basement of a bar at 161 Main Street and spread to other buildings.[38] Firefighter John A. Nicosia, 28, of Engine 4 went missing in the fire, having gotten lost in the basement. His body was recovered two days later.[39] A plaque honoring his memory was later placed on a wall near the area. The area was so badly damaged that most of the burned buildings were demolished, with an outdoor mall standing in their place. The most notable of the destroyed buildings was the Meyer Brothers department store, which closed in 1987 and had since been parceled out.

Paterson includes numerous locations listed on the National Register of Historic Places, including museums, civic buildings such as City Hall, Hinchliffe Stadium, Public School Number Two and the Danforth Memorial Library, churches (Cathedral of St. John the Baptist and St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church), individual residences, such as Lambert Castle, and districts of the city, such as the Paterson Downtown Commercial Historic District, the Great Falls/Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures Historic District and the Eastside Park Historic District.

In August 2011, Paterson was severely affected in the aftermath of Hurricane Irene, particularly by flooding of the Passaic River, where waters rose to levels unseen for 100 years, leading to the displacement of thousands and the closure of bridges over the river.[40] Touring the area with Federal Emergency Management Agency Administrator Craig Fugate, U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano declared, "This is as bad as I've seen, and I've been in eight states that have been impacted by Irene." The same day, President Obama declared New Jersey a disaster area,[41] and announced that he would visit the city.[42][43][44]

Paterson is at the bottom part of Passaic County, which is near the north edge of New Jersey, as a county which spans some hilly areas and has dozens of lakes. The county covers a region about 3020 miles wide (4832km). The region is split by major roads, including portions of Interstate 80, which runs through Paterson (see map at left). The Garden State Parkway (GSP) cuts across south of Paterson, near Clifton, NJ. The Passaic River winds northeast past Totowa into Paterson, where the river then turns south to Passaic town, on the way to Newark, further south.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 8.704 square miles (22.544km2), including 8.428 square miles (21.829km2) of land and 0.276 square miles (0.715km2) of water (3.17%).[2][3]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Riverside and Totowa.[45]

The city borders the municipalities of Clifton, Haledon, Hawthorne, Prospect Park, Totowa and Woodland Park (formerly West Paterson) in Passaic County; and both Elmwood Park (formerly East Paterson) and Fair Lawn in Bergen County.[46]

The Great Falls Historic District is the most famous neighborhood in Paterson because of the landmark Great Falls of the Passaic River. The city has attempted to revitalize the area in recent years, including the installation of period lamp posts and the conversion of old industrial buildings into apartments and retail venues. Many artists live in this section of Paterson. A major redevelopment project is planned for this district in the coming years. The Paterson Museum of Industrial History at Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works is situated in the Historic District.[47]

Downtown Paterson is the main commercial district of the city and was once a shopping destination for many who lived in northern New Jersey. After a devastating fire in 1902, the city rebuilt the downtown with massive Beaux-Arts-style buildings, many of which remain to this day. These buildings are usually four to seven stories tall. Downtown Paterson is home to Paterson City Hall and the Passaic County Courthouse Annex, two of the city's architectural landmarks. City Hall was designed by the New York firm Carrere and Hastings in 1894, and was modeled after the Htel de Ville (city hall) in Lyon, France, capital of the silk industry in Europe.[48]

The former Orpheum Theatre located on Van Houten Street has been converted to a mosque by the Islamic Foundation of New Jersey. The massive structure, now known as Masjid Jalalabad, can accommodate 1,500 worshipers.[49]

As with many other old downtown districts in the United States, Downtown Paterson suffered as shoppers and retailers moved to the suburban shopping malls of the region. Many historic buildings are in disrepair or are abandoned after years of neglect. In addition, Downtown Paterson is an Urban Enterprise Zone. The city has, in recent years, begun initiatives in hopes of reviving the downtown area with the centerpiece being the Center City Mall, constructed on a large parking lot spanning Ward Street from Main to Church Streets and features retail, entertainment, and commercial space. Downtown Paterson is located in the city's 1st Ward.

Eastside Park Historic District consists of about 1,000 homes in a variety of architectural styles, including Tudors, Georgian colonials, Victorians, Italianate villas and Dutch colonials. It is located east of downtown. Once the home of the city's industrial and political leaders, the neighborhood experienced a significant downturn as industry fled Paterson. In recent years, gentrification has begun to occur in the neighborhood and some of the area's historic houses have been restored.

The Eastside Park Historic District is a state and nationally registered historic place. The jewel of the neighborhood is Eastside Park and the mansions that surround it. This section of Paterson once had a large Jewish population that reached 40,000 at its peak; a synagogue still remains.[50] Eastside Park and what is commonly known as the Upper Eastside are located in Paterson's 3rd Ward.

East River Section is a section that is referred to by locals roughly bordering Riverside at 5th Avenue and extending south to Broadway, sandwiched in by Madison Avenue to McClean Boulevard (Route 20). However, the neighborhood's layout unofficially extends to the "Paterson-Newark/Hudson Route" of River Road in the Paterson-Memorial Park section of Fair Lawn whose house addresses are in alignment with the now defunct Jewish synagogue on the corner of 33rd Street and Broadway, which connects Paterson to Newark/Hudson, and at one time was a main route through River Drive, which starts in Elmwood Park and rides north to south along the East Bank of the Passaic River in Paterson's original county.

Built when Paterson was still Bergen County, River Drive changes to River Road in the greater Eastside Sections of Upper Eastside-Manor Section, East River, and Riverside Sections, and turns into Wagaraw Road north of 1st Avenue / Maple Avenue in the old Bunker Hill extension of Columbia Heights in Fair Lawn an indication of not only entering the Industrial Section, but also entering the foothills of the Ramapo Mountains in Hawthorne.

River Drive then turns into East Main Street to indicate that you have entered the Northside Section. The East River neighborhood which was and still maintains its "blue collar" working-class identity, was at one time known for its large Jewish community, as well as a Neapolitan/Italian population and more recently other Mediterranean and Adriatic Europeans, Caribbean and South Americans, and other modern immigrant groups from all over the world, as well as African-Americans.

Manor Section is a residential neighborhood in Paterson. It is located east of East 33rd Street, north of Broadway, and south-west of Route 20 and the Passaic River. The Manor section of Paterson is located in the city's 3rd Ward. The layout and culture of the Manor Section also extends into the neighboring Lyncrest and Rivercrest sections of Fair Lawn, with all the addresses aligning themselves to the now defunct Jewish Temple, located at the corner of 33rd and Broadway.

South Paterson, also known as Little Istanbul or Little Ramallah, is a diverse neighborhood with a growing number of immigrants from the Middle East, with significant Arab and Turkish communities. The neighborhood is located in the 6th Ward, east of Main Street and west of West Railway Avenue. A majority of the city's Arabs live in this section of Paterson. Many of the retail shops and restaurants cater to this community. The neighborhood is characterized by Halal meat markets which offer goat and lamb; and shop signs are in Arabic. South Paterson's Arab community is mostly made up of Jordanians, Palestinians,[51] Syrians,[52][53] and Lebanese.[54]

Lakeview is situated in the southern part of the city, and is a middle class neighborhood. Interstate 80 runs north of this district. Lakeview is home to the Paterson Farmers Market, where many people from across North Jersey come to buy fresh produce. The neighborhood is roughly 65% Hispanic, although this neighborhood also has sizable European, Middle-Eastern, African-American, and Asian populations, including a significant Filipino presence. Lakeview also shares some of the same characteristics as neighboring Clifton as they both share a neighborhood bearing the same name. The Lakeview section of Paterson is located in the city's 6th Ward.

Hillcrest is a largely residential, middle class enclave, to the west of the downtown area. Its borders' limits are Preakness Avenue to the east, Cumberland Avenue to the west, and Totowa Avenue along with West Side Park and the Passaic River to the south. Hillcrest is one of Paterson's most desirable neighborhoods. The Hillcrest section of Paterson is located in the city's 2nd Ward.

People's Park is a neighborhood located north of 23rd Avenue and south of Market Street. Twenty-First Avenue or "La Veinte y uno" as it's known by most of Paterson's Spanish-speaking community, is located in the People's Park section of Paterson. It is an active and vibrant retail strip featuring a variety of shops and services catering to a diverse clientele. Twenty First Avenue used to have a large Italian population. Although there is still a significant Italian presence left in the neighborhood, it also has a large first-generation Hispanic population, particularly Colombian.

Wrigley Park is a neighborhood that has suffered from years of poverty, crime, and neglect. It is mostly African-American. Poverty, crime, open-air drug markets, prostitution, vacant lots, and boarded-up windows are all common in this area. However, there are new houses being built, and crime has dropped in recent years. This neighborhood is located north of Broadway. It is also known as the '4th Ward'.

Sandy Hill is a neighborhood in the Eastside located roughly west of Madison Avenue, north of 21st Avenue, south of Park Avenue, and east of Straight Street. Due to Paterson's significant population turn-over, this neighborhood is now home to a large and growing Hispanic community, mostly first-generation Dominicans. The Sandy Hill section of Paterson is located in the city's 5th Ward. Roberto Clemente Park, which was originally known as Sandy Hill Park, is located in this neighborhood.

Part of the 5th Ward is called Near Eastside by residents to differentiate it from the Eastside Park Historic District to its immediate east.

Northside, located north of Downtown, suffers from many of the social problems currently facing the Wrigley Park neighborhood, but to a lesser extent. This neighborhood borders the boroughs of Haledon and Prospect Park and is known for its hills and sweeping views of the New York City skyline. The Northside section of Paterson is located in the city's 1st Ward.

Totowa section is a large neighborhood located west of the Passaic River, south-west of West Broadway and north-east of Preakness Avenue. As the name implies, it borders the town of Totowa. It is mostly Hispanic but with an increasing South Asian community, mainly Bangladeshi. Many Bengali grocery and clothing stores are located on Union Avenue and the surrounding streets. Masjid Al-Ferdous is located on Union Avenue, which accommodates the daily Bangladeshi pedestrian population.

A large Italian presence remains in this neighborhood. Many Peruvian and other Latin American restaurants and businesses are located on Union Avenue. Colonial Village and Brooks Sloate Terraces are located in this neighborhood. The Totowa Section is located in parts of the 1st and 2nd Wards of Paterson.

Stoney Road is Paterson's most south-west neighborhood, bordering Woodland Park to the south and Totowa across the Passaic River to the west. This neighborhood is home to Pennington Park, Hayden Heights, Lou Costello Pool, the Levine reservoir, Murray Avenue, Mc Bride Avenue, and Garret Heights. A strong Italian presence remains in this neighborhood. The Stoney Road section of Paterson is located in the city's 2nd Ward.

Riverside is a larger neighborhood in Paterson and, as its name suggests, is bound by the Passaic River to the north and east, separating the city from Hawthorne and Fair Lawn. Riverside is a working-class neighborhood. The neighborhood is mostly residential with some industrial uses. Madison Avenue cuts through the heart of this district. Route 20 runs through the eastern border of Riverside, providing an easy commute to Route 80 East and New York City. This section is ethnically diverse with a growing Hispanic community concentrating mostly north and along River Street. Many Albanians make their home in the East 18th Street and River Street areas. River View Terrace is located in this neighborhood. Riverside is located in parts of the 3rd and 4th Wards of Paterson.

Bunker Hill is a mostly industrial area west of River Street and east of the Passaic River.

Westside Park located off Totowa Avenue and best known as the site of the Holland submarine, Fenian Ram, which was built from 1879 to 1881[55] for the Fenian Brotherhood. It became the target of graffiti artists because the fence surrounding it was too low and too close to the submarine itself. The sub is now located in Paterson Museum.[56]

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally cool to cold winters. According to the Kppen Climate Classification system, Paterson has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfa" on climate maps.[57]

According to then-Mayor Jose Torres, Paterson had 52 distinct ethnic groups in 2014.[71] Paterson's rapidly growing Bangladeshi American,[72] Turkish American, Arab American,[73] Palestinian American,[51] Albanian American, Bosnian American, Dominican American, and Peruvian American communities are among the largest and most prominent in the United States, the latter owing partially to the presence of the Consulate of Peru.[74] Paterson's Muslim population has been estimated at 25,000 to 30,000.[1] Paterson has become a prime destination for one of the fastest-growing communities of Dominican Americans, who have become the city's largest ethnic group.[75] The Puerto Rican American population has established a highly significant presence as well.[76]

Demographic surveys and census data find Paterson has the highest percentage of disabled persons of any city with more than 100,000 residents, with about 30% of males and 29% of females not classified as poor listed as having a disability.[77]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 146,199 people, 44,329 households, and 32,715 families residing in the city. The population density was 17,346.3 per square mile (6,697.4/km2). There were 47,946 housing units at an average density of 5,688.7 per square mile (2,196.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 34.68% (50,706) White, 31.68% (46,314) Black or African American, 1.06% (1,547) Native American, 3.34% (4,878) Asian, 0.04% (60) Pacific Islander, 23.94% (34,999) from other races, and 5.26% (7,695) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 57.63% (84,254) of the population.[7]

There were 44,329 households out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.4% were married couples living together, 29.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 21.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.24 and the average family size was 3.71.[7]

In the city, the population was spread out with 27.9% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.1 years. For every 100 females there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 89.9 males.[7]

Same-sex couples headed 290 households in 2010, a decline from the 349 counted in 2000.[78]

The Census Bureau's 20062010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $34,086 (with a margin of error of $1,705) and the median family income was $39.003 ($2,408). Males had a median income of $30,811 ($825) versus $28,459 ($1,570) for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,543 ($467). About 24.1% of families and 26.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.0% of those under age 18 and 25.4% of those age 65 or over.[79]

As of the 2000 United States Census[15] there were 149,222 people, 44,710 households, and 33,353 families residing in the city, for a population density of 17,675.4 per square mile (6,826.4/km2).[69][70] Among cities with a population higher than 100,000, Paterson was the second most densely populated large city in the United States, only after New York City.[80]

There were 47,169 housing units at an average density of 5,587.2 per square mile (2,157.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 32.90% African American, 13.20% White, 0.60% Native American, 1.90% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 27.60% from other races and 6.17% from two or more races. Latino of any race were 50.1% of the population.[69][70] The majority of Latinos are Puerto Rican 14%, Dominican 10%, Peruvian 5% and Colombian 3%.[81]

There were 44,710 households out of which 40.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.4% were married couples living together, 26.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.25 and the average family size was 3.71.[69][70]

In the city the population was spread out with 29.8% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.[69][70]

The median income for a household in the city was $30,127, and the median income for a family was $32,983. Males had a median income of $27,911 versus $21,733 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,257. About 19.2% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.0% of those under age 18 and 19.4% of those age 65 or over.[69][70]

Since its early beginnings, Paterson has been a melting pot. Irish, Germans, Dutch, and Jews settled in the city in the 19th century. Italian and Eastern European immigrants soon followed. As early as 1890, Syrian and Lebanese immigrants also arrived in Paterson.

In addition to many African Americans of Southern heritage, more recent immigrants have come from the Caribbean and Africa. Paterson's black population increased during the Great Migration of the 20th century, but there have been Patersonians of African descent since before the Civil War. However, Paterson's black population declined between the years 2000 and 2010,[82] consistent with the overall return migration of African Americans from Northern New Jersey back to the Southern United States.[83] A house once existing at Bridge Street and Broadway was a station on the Underground Railroad. It was operated from 1855 to 1864 by abolitionists William Van Rensalier, a black engineer, and Josiah Huntoon, a white industrialist.[84] There is a memorial located at the site.[85][86]Many second- and third-generation Puerto Ricans have called Paterson home since the 1950s, including an estimated 10,000 who participated in the 2014 mayoral election, which was won by Jose "Joey" Torres, a Puerto Rican American who was one of three Hispanic candidates vying for the seat.[76] Today's Hispanic immigrants to Paterson are primarily Dominican, Peruvian, Colombian, Mexican, and Central American, with a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration as well. In 2014, more than 600 business people attended the annual Statewide Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of New Jersey Convention in Paterson.[87]

Western Market Street, sometimes called Little Lima by tourists, is home to many Peruvian and other Latin-American businesses. In contrast, if one travels east on Market Street, a heavy concentration of Dominican-owned restaurants, beauty salons, barber shops and other businesses can be seen. The Great Falls Historic District, Cianci Street, Union Avenue and 21st Avenue have several Italian businesses. To the north of the Great Falls is a fast-growing Bangladeshi population. Park Avenue and Market Street between Straight Street and Madison Avenue are heavily Dominican and Puerto Rican.

Main Street, just south of downtown, is heavily Mexican with a declining Puerto-Rican community. Broadway also called Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Way is predominantly black, as is the Fourth Ward and parts of Eastside and Northside. Costa Ricans and other Central American immigrant communities are growing in the Riverside and Peoples Park neighborhoods. Main Street between the Clifton border and Madison Avenue is heavily Turkish and Arab. 21st Avenue in the People's Park section is characterized by Colombian and other Latin American restaurants and shops.

Every summer, Patersonians conduct an African-American Day Parade, a Dominican Day Parade, a Puerto Rican Day Parade, a Peruvian Day Parade, and a Turkish-American Day Parade; budget cuts in 2011 have forced parade organizers to contribute to cover the costs of police and other municipal services.[88]

Paterson is considered by many as the capital of the Peruvian Diaspora in the U.S.[89] Importance of the Peruvian community is recognized by city officials. Paterson renamed a section bordered by Mill, Market, Main, and Cianci streets as Peru Square.[90] Paterson's rapidly growing Peruvian community celebrates what is known as Seora de los Milagros ("Our Lady of Miracles" in English) on October 18 through 28th each year and every July participates in the annual Passaic County Peruvian Day Parade, which passes through Market Street and Main Street in the Little Lima neighborhood of Downtown Paterson.[91] In the 2000 Census, 4.72% of residents listed themselves as being of Peruvian American ancestry, the third-highest percentage of the population of any municipality in New Jersey and the United States, behind East Newark with 10.1% and Harrison with 7.01%.[92] The community includes both Quechua and Spanish speakers.[93]

Paterson is home to the third-largest Dominican-American Community in the United States, after New York City and Lawrence, Massachusetts. In the 2000 Census, 10.27% of residents listed themselves as being of Dominican American ancestry, the eighth highest percentage of the population of any municipality in the United States and the third highest percentage in New Jersey, behind Perth Amboy's 18.81% and Union City's 11.46%.[94] Paterson renamed a section of Park Avenue in Sandy Hill to Dominican Republic Way to recognize the Dominican community, which is largest Hispanic community in the city.[95]

Paterson is home to the largest Turkish-American immigrant community in the United States (Little Istanbul) and the second largest Arab-American community after Dearborn, Michigan.[73] Paterson has been nicknamed Little Ramallah and contains a neighborhood with the same name in South Paterson, with an Arab American population estimated as high as 20,000 in 2015,[96][97] serving as the center of Paterson's growing Syrian American[52][53] and Palestinian American populations.[51] The Paterson-based Arab American Civic Association runs an Arabic language program in the Paterson Public Schools that serves 125 students at School 9 on Saturdays.[98] Paterson is also home to the largest Circassian immigrant community in the United States.[99][self-published source]

The Greater Paterson area which includes the cities of Clifton and Wayne and the boroughs of Haledon, Prospect Park, North Haledon, Totowa, Woodland Park, and Little Falls, is home to the nation's largest North Caucasian population, mostly Circassians, Karachays, and small Chechen and Dagestani communities. Reflective of these communities, Paterson and Prospect Park public schools observe Muslim holidays.[100]

Paterson has incorporated a rapidly growing Bangladeshi American community, which is estimated to number 15,000,[101] the largest in the United States outside New York City.[102] Mohammed Akhtaruzzaman was ultimately certified as the winner of the 2012 city council race in the Second Ward, making him North Jersey's first Bangladeshi-American elected official.[103]

A branch of the Sonali Exchange Company Inc. has opened on Union Avenue in the Totowa section of town (not to be confused with the Passaic County municipality Totowa); the Sonali Exchange Company is a subsidiary of Sonali Bank, the largest state-owned commercial bank in Bangladesh.

Portions of Paterson are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone, established in September 1994.[104] In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (versus the 6.625% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[105]

Paterson has a significant parks and recreation system, including larger areas such as Eastside, Westside and Pennington Parks, as well as neighborhood parks such as Wrigley, Robert Clemente, and People's.[106] The Great Falls of the Passaic are part of the national park system.

The Paterson Museum, in the Great Falls Historic District, was founded in 1925 and is owned and operated by the city of Paterson. Its mission is to preserve and display the industrial history of the city. Since 1982, the museum has been housed in the Thomas Rogers Building on Market Street, the former erecting shop of Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works, a major 19th-century manufacturer of railroad steam locomotives.[107]

Belle Vista, locally known as Lambert Castle, was built in 1892 as the home of Catholina Lambert, the self-made owner of a prominent silk mill in Paterson. After Lambert's death in 1923, his family sold the building to the city, which in turn sold it to the County of Passaic a few years later. The county used the building for administrative offices, and in 1936, provided one room to the fledgling Passaic County Historical Society to serve as its historical museum. As time went by the museum grew, room by room, until the entire first floor became the historical museum.

In the late 1990s, the Castle underwent a multi-million-dollar restoration and all four floors of the building were developed into a museum and library. Today, Passaic County remains the owner of the building and supports the facilities' operation; however, the Passaic County Historical Society is solely responsible for the operation and management of Lambert Castle Museum with its historical period rooms, long-term and changing exhibition galleries, educational programs for elementary and middle-school students, and research library/archive.[108]

Above Lambert Castle stands a 75-foot (23m) observation tower, located at the peak of Garret Mountain, which while technically standing in Woodland Park, was constructed when the property was considered part of Paterson. The tower is part of the Garret Mountain Reservation and renovations were completed in 2009 to restore the tower to the original condition as built in 1896 by Lambert, who used the tower to impress guests with its view of the New York City skyline.[109]

Attempts were being made to fund the restoration of the Paterson Armory as a recreation and cultural center, but the building was destroyed by fire before these could bear fruit.[110]

The City of Paterson operates within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under a Plan-D Mayor-Council form of government, which was adopted in 1974 in a change from a 1907 statute-based form.[5][111]

Under the Mayor-Council plan, the Mayor is the chief executive and is responsible for administering the City's activities. The Mayor is elected at-large for a four-year term by the citizens and is responsible for them. The mayor enforces the charter and the ordinances and laws passed by the City Council. The Mayor appoints all department heads including the business administrator, with the advice and consent of the Council and may remove any department heads after giving them notice and an opportunity to be heard. With the assistance of the business administrator, the Mayor is responsible for preparation of the municipal budget. The Mayor submits the budget to the Council along with a detailed analysis of expenditures and revenues. The Council may reduce any item or items in the budget by a majority vote, but can only increase an item by a two-thirds vote.

The City Council consists of nine seats. Of these, six are elected through use of the ward system, where candidates run to represent a certain area of the city. The other three seats are elected using the at-large system, where each candidate is voted upon by the entire voting population of the city. Municipal elections are held in even numbered years, are non-partisan, and take place in early May. The six members of the City Council representing their wards are elected in the same years as Presidential elections, while the mayoral election and the at-large Council elections are held in the same years as the mid-term Congressional elections.

As of July2018[update], the Mayor of Paterson is Andre Sayegh. The previous mayor was Jane Williams-Warren, who was serving on an interim basis following the resignation of Jos "Joey" Torres, whose term of office was to end on June 30, 2018.[112] Torres was in his third non-consecutive term as Mayor of Paterson, having first been elected by defeating incumbent Martin G. Barnes in 2002 and then winning re-election in 2006 against Lawrence Spagnola. After losing his bid for a third consecutive term by a margin of 600 votes to City Council President Jeffery Jones in 2010, Torres defeated Jones in a rematch four years later.[113] Torres pleaded guilty to corruption charges in September 2017 that required him to leave office and to serve a prison term of five years. According to city law, the President of the City Council is the next in line to succeed a Mayor who is removed from office for any reason and serves as Acting Mayor until the next election, unless the Council appoints someone else to fill the post within 30 days of the creation of the vacancy. City Council President Ruby Cotton immediately became Mayor upon Torres' resignation[114] and served until September 29, when the council voted 5-4 to appoint Williams-Warren, a former city clerk, as interim mayor until the May 2018 municipal election.[115]

Members of the City Council are Council President Ruby N. Cotton (Fourth Ward; 2020), Council Vice President Luis Velez (Fifth Ward; 2020), Maritza Davila (at-large; 2018), Michael Jackson (First Ward; 2020), Shahin Khalique (Second Ward; 2020), William McKoy (Third Ward; 2020), Domingo "Alex" Mendez (at-large; 2018), Kenneth M. Morris Jr. (at-large; 2018) and Andre Sayegh (Sixth Ward; 2020).[116][117][118][119][120]

Paterson is located in the 9th Congressional District[121] and is part of New Jersey's 35th state legislative district.[8][122][123] Prior to the 2010 Census, Paterson had been part of the 8th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.[124]

For the 116th United States Congress, New Jersey's Ninth Congressional District is represented by Bill Pascrell (D, Paterson).[125][126] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2021)[127] and Bob Menendez (Paramus, term ends 2025).[128][129]

For the 20182019 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 35th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Nellie Pou (D, North Haledon) and in the General Assembly by Shavonda E. Sumter (D, Paterson) and Benjie E. Wimberly (D, Paterson).[130][131] The Governor of New Jersey is Phil Murphy (D, Middletown Township).[132] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Sheila Oliver (D, East Orange).[133]

Passaic County is governed by a seven-member Board of Chosen Freeholders, who are elected at-large to staggered three-year terms office on a partisan basis, with two or three seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At a reorganization meeting held in January, the board selects a Director and Deputy Director from among its members to serve for a one-year term.[134] As of 2017[update], Passaic County's Freeholders are Director Cassandra "Sandi" Lazzara (D, 2018; Woodland Park),[135] Deputy Director Bruce James (D, 2017; Clifton),[136] Assad R. Akhter (D, 2018 - appointed to serve an unexpired term; Paterson),[137] John W. Bartlett (D, 2018; Wayne),[138] Theodore O. Best Jr. (D, 2017; Paterson),[139] Terry Duffy (D, 2019; West Milford),[140] and Pasquale "Pat" Lepore (D, 2019; Woodland Park).[141][142][143][144] Constitutional officers elected on a countywide basis are County Clerk Kristin M. Corrado (R, 2019; Totowa),[145]Sheriff Richard H. Berdnik (D, 2019; Little Falls)[146] and Surrogate Bernice Toledo (D, 2021; Prospect Park).[147][143]

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 68,324 registered voters in Paterson, of which 27,926 (40.9% vs. 31.0% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 3,100 (4.5% vs. 18.7%) were registered as Republicans and 37,285 (54.6% vs. 50.3%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 13 voters registered to other parties.[148] Among the city's 2010 Census population, 46.7% (vs. 53.2% in Passaic County) were registered to vote, including 64.8% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.8% countywide).[148][149]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 93.6% of the vote (41,662 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 6.1% (2,696 votes), and other candidates with 0.3% (152 votes), among the 45,050 ballots cast by the city's 78,194 registered voters (540 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 57.6%.[150][151] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 38,085 votes (86.7% vs. 58.8% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 4,098 votes (9.3% vs. 37.7%) and other candidates with 150 votes (0.3% vs. 0.8%), among the 43,946 ballots cast by the city's 70,925 registered voters, for a turnout of 62.0% (vs. 70.4% in Passaic County).[152] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 28,896 votes (79.2% vs. 53.9% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 5,959 votes (16.3% vs. 42.7%) and other candidates with 151 votes (0.4% vs. 0.7%), among the 36,470 ballots cast by the city's 64,151 registered voters, for a turnout of 56.9% (vs. 69.3% in the whole county).[153]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 78.5% of the vote (15,726 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 20.6% (4,123 votes), and other candidates with 0.9% (179 votes), among the 20,787 ballots cast by the city's 80,140 registered voters (759 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 25.9%.[154][155] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 17,334 ballots cast (85.7% vs. 50.8% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 2,213 votes (10.9% vs. 43.2%), Independent Chris Daggett with 264 votes (1.3% vs. 3.8%) and other candidates with 129 votes (0.6% vs. 0.9%), among the 20,233 ballots cast by the city's 66,603 registered voters, yielding a 30.4% turnout (vs. 42.7% in the county).[156]

The City of Paterson is served by a professional police department.[157]

The Paterson Fire Department, headed by Chief Brian McDermott, operates out of seven fire stations with a total of 400 employees, and is also responsible for the city's emergency medical services division and ambulance units.[158] The department is part of the Metro USAR Strike Team, which consists of nine North Jersey fire departments and other emergency services divisions working to address major emergency rescue situations.[159]

In addition to local services, Paterson is home to the Passaic County Sheriff's Office Courts Division in the Passaic County Courthouse and Correctional Division in the Passaic County Jail. The jail, originally constructed in 1957, can accommodate 1,242 inmate beds.[160]

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Nanotechnology and Medicine / Nanotechnology Medical …

Nanotechnology involves manipulating properties and structures at the nanoscale, often involving dimensions that are just tiny fractions of the width of a human hair. Nanotechnology is already being used in products in its passive form, such as cosmetics and sunscreens, and it is expected that in the coming decades, new phases of products, such as better batteries and improved electronics equipment, will be developed and have far-reaching implications.

One area of nanotechnology application that holds the promise of providing great benefits for society in the future is in the realm of medicine. Nanotechnology is already being used as the basis for new, more effective drug delivery systems and is in early stage development as scaffolding in nerve regeneration research. Moreover, the National Cancer Institute has created the Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer in the hope that investments in this branch of nanomedicine could lead to breakthroughs in terms of detecting, diagnosing, and treating various forms of cancer.

Nanotechnology medical developments over the coming years will have a wide variety of uses and could potentially save a great number of lives. Nanotechnology is already moving from being used in passive structures to active structures, through more targeted drug therapies or smart drugs. These new drug therapies have already been shown to cause fewer side effects and be more effective than traditional therapies. In the future, nanotechnology will also aid in the formation of molecular systems that may be strikingly similar to living systems. These molecular structures could be the basis for the regeneration or replacement of body parts that are currently lost to infection, accident, or disease. These predictions for the future have great significance not only in encouraging nanotechnology research and development but also in determining a means of oversight. The number of products approaching the FDA approval and review process is likely to grow as time moves forward and as new nanotechnology medical applications are developed.

To better understand current and future applications of nanotechnology in various fields of medicine, the project has developed two web-based resources that track medical developments focused on cancer and drug delivery systems.

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RobotShop | Robot Store | Robots | Robot Parts | Robot Kits …

RobotShop | Robot Store | Robots | Robot Parts | Robot Kits | Robot Toys

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What is Robotics? Webopedia Definition

Main TERM R

By Vangie Beal

The field of computer science and engineering concerned with creating robots, devices that can move and react to sensory input. Robotics is one branch of artificial intelligence.

Robots are now widely used in factories to perform high-precision jobs such as welding and riveting. They are also used in special situations that would be dangerous for humans -- for example, in cleaning toxic wastes or defusing bombs.

Although great advances have been made in the field of robotics during the last decade, robots are still not very useful in everyday life, as they are too clumsy to perform ordinary household chores.

Robot was coined by Czech playwright Karl Capek in his play R.U.R (Rossum's Universal Robots), which opened in Prague in 1921. Robota is the Czech word for forced labor.

The term robotics was introduced by writer Isaac Asimov. In his science fiction book I, Robot,published in 1950, he presented three laws of robotics:

1. A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

Stay up to date on the latest developments in Internet terminology with a free newsletter from Webopedia. Join to subscribe now.

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Robotics TechCrunch

TechCrunch is elevating networking to a whole new level at TechCrunch Sessions: Robotics + AI, which takes place at UC Berkeleys Zellerbach Hall on April 18. This day-long event features discussion

In 2017, when Tesla announced incredibly ambitious Model 3 production targets of 5,000 Model 3s per week and the beginning of "production hell," analysts were wary.

We knew this moment was coming we just never expected it to arrive so soon. Jibo owners all over are reporting a final death rattle from their beloved home robot. The last message finds Jibo annou

Late last week, we announced the schedule for April 18s TC Sessions: Robotics + AI event at UC Berkeley, including some heavy hitters like Marc Raibert, Melonee Wise and Ken Goldberg. At the time,

MITs Cheetah team has built some incredibly impressive electric robots, capable of jumping hurdles and navigating blindly, but in some ways the new Mini Cheetah might be the most impressive to date

If youve ever dabbled in collectible card games Magic: The Gathering, Pokmon, etc. you know how quickly collections can grow. One pack turns into two. Two turns into five. Then they r

From the moment that Disney announced its acquisition of Lucasfilm, the question on every fans mind was when will they build Star Wars in real life? While most assumed that they would do it e

FedEx is a courier delivery and logistics company; and in 2019, that means it must also have an autonomous delivery bot. The delivery services company, known for its overnight shipping, unveiled Wedne

It's already tomorrow in Australia, seemingly in more ways than one. It's the 27th already, yes, but they're also working in putting together AI-flown companion jets for their fighters. Why didn't we

Researchers have created a prosthetic hand that offers its users the ability to feel where it is and how the fingers are positioned a sense known as proprioception. The headline may be in jest, bu

Robotics have long been a bit of a white whale for Qualcomm. The burgeoning field is a pretty logical next step for the chipmaker, which seems to have its foot in every other aspect of electronics the

Were just under two months out from this years TC Sessions: Robotics + AI event, and weve still got a lot left to announce. As noted, well have Anca Dragan, Marc Raibert, Alexei Efros, Han

The planned Robot Science Museum in Seoul will have a humdinger of a first exhibition: its own robotic construction. Its very much a publicity stunt, though a fun one but who knows? Perhaps

The UKs Department for Transport has said today that an expansion of drone no-fly zones to 5km around airport runways will come into force on March 13. Anyone caught and convicted

For the first time later this week, a privately developed moon lander will launch aboard a privately built rocket, organized by a private launch coordinator. Its an historic moment in space and

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Last year, Sphero stepped away from the flashiness of Disney IP, opting instead to focus on education. It was a pragmatic business decision, above all. The draw of licensing brands like Star Wars, Mar

So, weve already announced that Anca Dragan, Alexei Efros, Hany Farid, Melonee Wise, Peter Barrett, Rana el Kaliouby, Arnaud Thiercelin and Laura Major will all be appearing at Aprils big roboti

Opportunitys mission is complete, and the rover that was supposed to last 90 days closes the book on 15 years of exploration. Its sad, but its also a great time to look back on th

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Robotics TechCrunch

John McAfee: How No One Got Laid Through Ashley Madison …

John McAfee is one of the most influential commentators on cybersecurity anywhere in the world. His new venture Future Tense Central focuses on security and personal privacy-related products.McAfee provides regular insight on global hacking scandals and internet surveillance, and has become a hugely controversial figure following his time in Belize, where he claims to have exposed corruption at the highest level before fleeing the country amid accusations of murder (the Belize government is currently not pursuing any accusations against him).

No one got laid on Ashley Madison or nearly no one. Clearly, Noel Biderman, chairman of Avid Life Media, lucked out. As to the rest, even Josh Duggar appears to have hooked up outside of Ashley Madison at a strip club to be precise. Tens ofmillions of men paid up to $1,000 or more to find a cheating housewife, and instead, found a clever bot with which to converse.

I was a member but I didnt score. Do I still get a prize?

I am a firm believer in empirical research. Nothing works like the words from the horses mouth, so to speak. So I wrote an article for Silicon Angle giving the top ten alibis for why someones name would be on the Ashley Madison dump, and then included an email address where people could ask for advice if they had been a member and feared their data would imminently be released. I also included offers for advice and and email addresses in all my social media. I received 863 email requests for advice. All of them were male. None of them had hooked up with a woman. The typical request ran as follows:

John,

I would sure appreciate some advice on the hack.

I did it. I had the account came and went from it over various points in the last 6 years. Paid to be a member and my cc details are out In total about $350-400 over 6 years. Emailed, chatted and certainly participated in some tawdry conversations but didnt physically follow through. While I imagine that distinction only matters to me since it really identifies me as a failed cheater but that is what I was looking for, the hunt, the thrill, and the safe experience of meeting someone online.

Your questions: 1. I do want to continue the relationship. I like being a husband to my wife, I like being a full-time father. 2. I am trying to answer this one honestly to myself and the answer is I do. I have just not been honest with myself, as is evident with 6 years of playing on AM. 3. I do believe I understand human kind. I do believe we are all capable of anything. I do hope for compassion from everyone.

Please share.

The three questions referred to questions I asked advice-seekers to answer prior to contacting me:

You should ask yourself whether:

1. You feel certain that you want to continue in the relationship that you are trying to save. 2. That you understand your own needs, wants, and desires well enough to answer question One correctly. 3. That you understand the nature of human kind well enough to not expect your significant other to not display the same traits you have just displayed in your own behavior.

My response in this instance was as follows:

I advise that you be as open and honest with your spouse as you just were with me. The fact that you did not follow through will mean a great deal. Everyone indulges in fantasy. I believe that is all that you did, albeit an expensive fantasy.

Coming clean will relieve your burden and I do not believe it will damage your relationship. Give it a try.

Not all requests were as self-chiding. For example, one person was not even sure that he had become a member:

My email address from a previous employer shows up on the Trustify search tool. I do not recall creating an account on Ashley Madison. I do recall creating an account on Adult Friend Finder. I may have an account on Ashley Madison also, I do not know. I cannot utilize the password retrieval system to log in since I no longer work at the email address in the databases and have no access to that account. I have tried many times to log into the sites by entering my typical passwords with no success. Please help. I need to know what information is out there so I can begin to approach this this subject with the people I love.

My exposed email address is xxxxxxxxxxx@xxxxxxx

I advised him to say nothing yet, since he was using an ex-employers email address and it would be easy to deny any potential allegations. But this individual too, on further discussion, had hooked up with no one, ever, online.

31 million men, each of whom paid hundreds, sometimes thousands, of dollars and I am unable to find anyone who scored. At least through the Ask me for help technique.

I then went back to my social media (a few tens of thousands of followers not huge, but enough to expect some kind of response considering the tens of millions of men who were on Ashley Madison) and prominently posted the following:

If any of my followers had an account with Ashley Madison and actually scored, please contact me privately through the message system or email me at mcafeehelps001@gmail.com. I will ensure complete privacy and anonymity. This is an important request. Feel free to use burner emails if it makes you more comfortable.

I received fewer than 100 responses mostly from men, yet, again, none of them had actually hooked up with a woman. Typical of the types of responses: I was a member but I didnt score. Do I still get a prize? A few women submitted equally facetious messages.

I anticipated the responses I obtained from my two limited tests, and would have been shocked had they been otherwise. But its still good to test any hypothesis.

Heres why none of the men hooked up: There was no one there to hook up with. Or nearly no one.

Annalee Newitz, in a recent Gizmodo article, did an outstanding analysis of the Ashley Madison membership profiles and concluded that fewer than 12,000 women were actually using the site. My own analysis concluded that the number was fewer than 1,400 women. Even using Annalees more conservative estimate, that means that there was one femailmember for each 3,000 male members a 3,000:1 ratio. Using my numbers, the ratio of men to women would be 20,000:1. It would be nearly impossible for the average male member to hook up with a woman using either ratio.

How could these numbers be real considering that there were 5.5 million women members listed in the data dump?

From the dump it is clear that the overwhelming majority of female profiles were created by a bot or by humans acting in a bot capacity. This squares well with ex-Ashley Madison employee Doriana Silvas lawsuit claiming repetitive movement injuries caused by the companys demands that she create thousands of fake female employee profiles. Bots were clearly used later on as can be seen by the 10,000 fake female profiles who have an Ashley Madison email address: 100@asleymadison.com, 200@ashleymadison.com, 300@ashleymadison.com, etc. The entire Ashley Madison company employs far fewerthan 10,000 people, by the way.

The Ashley Madison numbers also square well with the Adult Friend Finder hack which disclosed an equivalent gender disparity, once professional sex workers were factored out of the equation, a few months back.

Why would this be important to me? From a social engineering standpoint it is critical. The Handbook of social engineering is in its infancy, and our understanding of gender anomalies is essential to the effectiveness of Social Engineering as a tool. The creators of Ashley Madison understood this well enough to structure their business around the principle that men would be charged for the service and women would be allowed to join for free. To be able to say that men are thousands of times more likely to join a purely sex oriented site than women is a huge gender indicator, and gender, more than any other single factor, is a necessary determinant of any successful social engineering project.

It is regrettable that we must resort to generalizations in order to help solve cybercrimes, but unfortunately, in realty they do exist. Fewer than one one man in fourcan correctly recall the date on which Valentines Day occursless than 25 percent. Yet more than 97.5 percent of women know the date. Over 80percentof men would be happy if Valentines Day were dropped as a holiday and fewer than 3 percent of women feel the same. Men generally believe that infidelity is a necessary element of marriage (81percent), and fewer than (0.4 percent) of women feel the same.

These are real statistics that I have gathered over the years to aid me in identifying gender. All of these numbers I have arrived at through empirical testing, just as I arrived at the numbers above for sex-site membership. It is regrettable that such diversity exists given the current politically correct society in which I am forced to live, yet they are real and cant be avoided if we are ever to able to cach cybercriminals.

For, example it would seem foolish to offer a woman free membership in a sex site asa small bribe in return for information, but for a man, it might work. likewise, if we have a perpetrator who frequently accesses a sex-related site, we can almost certainly assume he is a male. It is generalizations like the above, taken together, that can give us a near certain guarantee of the gender of the perpetrator.

The views expressed here are solely those of the author and do not reflect the beliefs of Digital Trends.

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JOHN MCAFEE: Join the crusade to save our country …

John McAfee, U.S. anti-virus software guru, addresses a news conference outside the Supreme Court of Justice in Guatemala City.Reuters/William GularteTech entrepreneur John McAfee is running for president in the US as a member of the Libertarian Party. This is an op-ed article he wrote and gave us permission to run.

This article may disturb some people. For that I apologize in advance, but I feel compelled, at this point, to step outside the narrow path of acceptability. I am moved to bare my heart and confess my thoughts.

I am writing this to the disaffected, the disenfranchised, the angry and frustrated. I am speaking to the heart of Americans who feel alienated from the government that we ourselves created.

I'm speaking to those of you who may have left the comfort of your home on a dark night and wandered down lonely streets, or those who have glimpsed, in the people closest to you, the depth and mysteries within that person, and felt an exquisite communion - even for a moment.

I'm speaking to the people who have questioned, and irrespective of the cost, have sought answers, or to those who have traveled extensively and seen and experienced ways of living which seem alien to our culture.

And I'm speaking to those of you who have viewed themselves in the mirror of your own existence, and experienced a profound epiphany of self revelation - or who at least looked with the hope of finding one.

I will tell you who I am - without polish or apologies - without pride or shame, and I will tell you why, after 70 years of inhabiting this planet, I am speaking out.

Everything of value in life I have learned from experience. I am not a great student or a great reader. I was thirty years old before I read my first book, cover to cover. It was Darwin's "Origin of Species". I was dealing drugs in Mexico at the time and it was the only English language book I could get my hands on.

I was arrested in Mexico and severely punished for my actions. It was the first time that I fully understood the value of freedom and privacy, because in prison, both are removed in their entirety.

I have traveled extensively, and through experience have learned that America's interference in the internal affairs of foreign nations comes at a price. While living in Belize, one of the most corrupt nations in the world, I was approached by a local politician who politely asked for a 2 million dollar donation to the ruling political party. I declined.

Belize Shutterstock

One week later, in March of 2012, an elite Belizean paramilitary force, who had been trained by the FBI in Quantico, stormed my property. They shot my dog in front of my eyes with an AR-15 supplied by the U.S. State Department. They destroyed a half million dollars worth of my property and then left.

The following day the same political representative stopped by to apologize profusely for the "mistaken identity" raid, and then asked if I had reconsidered my donation. I suggested that he get the f--- off of my property. Thus began my war with Belize that ended in the murder of my neighbor and the resulting manhunt for me that garnered international attention.

I understand full well what twisted webs our State Department can weave.

I learned that our bodies belong to ourselves, and that no government can own our bodies.

Throughout history, all attempts to criminalize what we do to or with our bodies have not in any way changed what we choose to do with our bodies. The criminalization of drug use has not diminished our consumption of drugs. It has merely created a brutal drug cartel and filled our prisons with nonviolent citizens. No legislation that attempts to control what we do to, or with our bodies can succeed. We should have learned this with our failed attempt to criminalize alcohol consumption in the 30's.

Orange County (California) sheriff's deputies dumping illegal alcohol, 1932 Wikimedia Commons

My own understanding of this issue came from a variety of experiences, but it was my wife who brought things fully into focus.

My wife was forced into prostitution at the age of 20. For ten years she was beaten, threatened and abused on a daily basis. She was isolated from her family and friends and forced into unspeakable situations. She was a virtual slave. Her pimp, brutal and cruel, like every pimp, was the agent of these horrors.

The profession of pimping is created by the criminalization of prostitution. Sex workers are abused by customers because they know that the women can't call the police for help. A tough pimp offers the illusion of protection when in reality sex workers are still abused by their customers. In fact, the police themselves frequently force sex workers into performing unwilling sexual acts to avoid being arrested.

I personally rescued Janice three and a half years ago. I married her and she is sitting by my side now as I write this. I love her deeply.

I learned from experience that we must keep our agreements, because there is no other way to have a peaceful society. I learned that we cannot harm one another or unjustly take each others property, because I have been harmed much and much has been taken from me.

I learned that any experiment of value in this life will be carried out at our own expense, and that every action, good or bad, has its consequences.

These are the realities of life as I have experienced them.

It is my belief that any government created by people should accept the same realities that it's people must live by and act accordingly.

I now ask you - is our government acting on the same principles that you and I must live by?

Capitol Hill in Washington D.C. Getty/Brendon Hoffman

Are you, when you have no money, able to print your own, as our government, in effect, does? Are you able to change what is right or wrong at your whim as our Congress does through the passage of conflicting legislation as each new administration comes and goes? Do you have the right to spy on whomever you choose? Do you exist, parasitically, off of the labors of others?

We need to look closely at these and the myriad other ways in which our government does not reflect the hearts and minds of it's citizens.

Our government was created to serve us. We did not imbue it with the power to be our mother and father, deciding what is best for us and in what manner we should live. We did not create it to be our boss or our guardian. As adults, we need none of the above. But our government has obviously assumed those powers. Slowly and insidiously. If the spirit of America is to survive, there must be decisive change.

I am running for President and I am a member of the Libertarian party. The Libertarian Party stands for Freedom, Privacy and Personal Responsibility. Libertarians believe that government best serves by leaving us alone to live our lives as we see fit.

Libertarians believe that our bodies belong to ourselves, not to the government. We believe that we should not harm one another and that we should not take each others stuff. We believe our current government is engorged, bloated and inefficient and that it no longer serves us. We believe in the right to freedom and privacy. We believe that we are the last hope for this failing country.

I have bared my heart and soul to you. If doing so has been of any value, then at least consider investigating the Libertarian Party, and perhaps you may even be moved to join this crusade to save our country.

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JOHN MCAFEE: Join the crusade to save our country ...

Nihilism r/nihilism – reddit

I got up late this morning. Had to catch the 8:30 am bus to be in class on time, but missed it, so I had to take the 9:00 am, and walked into class 20 minutes late. I had no clue what the fuck was going on, but I took notes anyway. Smash cut to my next class: we're discussing Joyce's Dubliners. A book about the life and time of people living in Dublin as it applies to the context of the period. It's an interesting read, but I don't like reading.

Well in any case, all my teachers notes from class #1 are posted online, and my grade in class #2 is purely attendance based. So I leave school, take the bus back to my car, and drive to work. I work in a brewery. The work is hard and the pay's not great, but like any one of those CrossFuckers will tell you, it feels good to bust your ass for a few hours every night. So I bust my ass for a few hours, get some money for it, step outside and have a beer. A free beer. You make it, you take it.

I love having a free beer. Ibdidn't work as long as my coworkers, but they know I'm in school, and they're happy to see me. The regulars are there: the gulf war marine, the rich tech guy, the old guy. We talk about other breweries, what they did at work, how my classes are going, etc. All the while drinking this sweet, bitter, delicious ambrosia that's the product of my own effort. But my glass is empty and I wanna go home.

So I get in my car and start driving home. I call my girlfriend and tell her about my day, she tells me about hers. She lives with her parents, and I live with mine. We're both in our mid twenties. It bothers her, I don't really care. She can move out, I'm not quite there yet. It's an expensive place to live. I hear her problems out, get home, and say "I gotta go," and hang up.

I head inside. My Ma made some tasty homemade cheese soup, and I have a bowl. She's a great cook. I go to take a shit, rub one out, and shower off for the day. Get out of the shower, and go study my notes for the day. We're studying Chemical Kinetics; it's a difficult concept to master. However, it's interesting, so I got no problem working my way through the prompts. I've got an exam on Thursday. I'm not worried, I've aced all the practice exams.

I close my laptop, put away my notes, and prep for bed. After my prep, I call my girlfriend. We make plans for the weekend, bullshit about our days, get all lovely dovey for a bit and say goodnight. I stay up for another hour or two putzing around YouTube and Reddit. I really shouldn't, and get better sleep, but I enjoy my ritual. I'll probably be late for the bus again tomorrow.

Excerpt from:

Nihilism r/nihilism - reddit

IBM hits quantum computing milestone, may see ‘Quantum …

IBM is outlining another milestone in quantum computing -- its highest Quantum Volume to date -- and projects that practical uses or so called Quantum Advantage may be a decade away.

Big Blue, which will outline the scientific milestone at the American Physical Society March Meeting, made a bit of a splash at CES 2019 with a display of its Q System quantum computer and has been steadily showing progress on quantum computing.

In other words, that quantum computing buying guide for technology executives may take a while. Quantum Volume is a performance metric that indicates progress in the pursuit of Quantum Advantage. Quantum Advantage refers to the point where quantum applications deliver significant advantages to classical computers.

Also:Meet IBM's bleeding edge of quantum computingCNET

Quantum Volume is determined by the number of qubits, connectivity, and coherence time, plus accounting for gate and measurement errors, device cross talk, and circuit software compiler efficiency.

IBM said its Q System One, which has a 20-qubit processor, produced a Quantum Volume of 16, double the current IBM Q, which has a Quantum Volume of 8. IBM also said the Q System One has some of the lowest error rates IBM has measured.

That progress is notable, but practical broad use cases are still years away. IBM said Quantum Volume would need to double every year to reach Quantum Advantage within the next decade. Faster progress on Quantum Advantage would speed up that timeline. IBM has doubled the power of its quantum computers annually since 2017.

Once Quantum Advantage is hit, there would be new applications, more of an ecosystem and real business use cases. Consumption of quantum computing would still likely be delivered via cloud computing since the technology has some unique characteristics that make a traditional data center look easy. IBM made its quantum computing technology available in 2016 via a cloud service and is working with partners to find business and science use cases.

Here'show quantum computing and classic computing differsvia our recent primer on the subject.

Every classical electronic computer exploits the natural behavior of electrons to produce results in accordance with Boolean logic (for any two specific input states, one certain output state). Here, the basic unit of transaction is the binary digit ("bit"), whose state is either 0 or 1. In a conventional semiconductor, these two states are represented by low and high voltage levels within transistors.

In a quantum computer, the structure is radically different. Its basic unit of registering state is the qubit, which at one level also stores a 0 or 1 state (actually 0 and/or 1). Instead of transistors, a quantum computing obtains its qubits by bombarding atoms with electrical fields at perpendicular angles to one another, the result being to line up the ions but also keep them conveniently and equivalently separated. When these ions are separated by just enough space, their orbiting electrons become the home addresses, if you will, for qubits.

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IBM hits quantum computing milestone, may see 'Quantum ...

Microsofts quantum computing network takes a giant leap …

Microsoft is focusing on the development of quantum computers that take advantage of cryogenically cooled nanowires. (Microsoft Photo)

REDMOND, Wash. Quantum computing may still be in its infancy but the Microsoft Quantum Network is all grown up, fostered by in-house developers, research affiliates and future stars of the startup world.

The network made its official debut today here at Microsofts Redmond campus, during a Startup Summit that laid out the companys vision for quantum computing and introduced network partners to Microsofts tools of the quantum trade.

Quantum computing stands in contrast to the classical computer technologies that have held sway for more than a half-century. Classical computing is based on the ones and zeroes of bit-based processing, while quantum computing takes advantage of the weird effects of quantum physics. Quantum bits, or qubits, neednt represent a one or a zero, but can represent multiple states during computation.

The quantum approach should be able to solve computational problems that cant easily be solved using classical computers, such as modeling molecular interactions or optimizing large-scale systems. That could open the way to world-changing applications, said Todd Holmdahl, corporate vice president of Microsofts Azure Hardware Systems Group.

Were looking at problems like climate change, Holmdahl said. Were looking at solving big food production problems. We think we have opportunities to solve problems around materials science, personal health care, machine learning. All of these things are possible and obtainable with a quantum computer. We have been talking around here that were at the advent of the quantum economy.

Representatives from 16 startups were invited to this weeks Startup Summit, which features talks from Holmdahl and other leaders of Microsofts quantum team as well as demos and workshops focusing on Microsofts programming tools. (The closest startup to Seattle is 1QBit, based in Vancouver, B.C.)

Over the past year and a half, Microsoft has released a new quantum-friendly programming language called Q# (Q-sharp) as part of its Quantum Development Kit, and has worked with researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and academic institutions around the world to lay the technical groundwork for the field.

A big part of that groundwork is the development ofa universal quantum computer, based on a topological architecture that builds error-correcting mechanisms right into the cryogenically cooled, nanowire-based hardware. Cutting down on the error-producing noise in quantum systems will be key to producing a workable computer.

We believe that our qubit equals about 1,000 of our competitions qubits, Holmdahl said.

Theres lots of competition in the quantum computing field nowadays: IBM, Google and Intel are all working on similar technologies for a universal quantum computer, while Canadas D-Wave Systems is taking advantage of a more limited type of computing technology known as quantum annealing.

This week, D-Wave previewed its plans for a new type of computer topology that it said would reduce quantum noise and more than double the qubit count of its existing platform, from 2,000 linked qubits to 5,000.

But the power of quantum computing shouldnt be measured merely by counting qubits. The efficiency of computation and the ability to reduce errors can make a big difference, said Microsoft principal researcher Matthias Troyer.

For example, a standard approach to simulating the molecular mechanism behind nitrogen fixation for crops could require 30,000 years of processing time, he said. But if the task is structured to enable parallel processing and enhanced error correction, the required runtime can be shrunk to less than two days.

Quantum software engineering is really as important as the hardware engineering, Troyer said.

Julie Love, director of Microsoft Quantum Business Development, said that Microsoft will start out offering quantum computing through Miicrosofts Azure cloud-based services. Not all computational problems are amenable to the quantum approach: Its much more likely that an application will switch between classical and quantum processing and therefore, between classical tools such as the C# programming language and quantum tools such as Q#.

When you work in chemistry and materials, all of these problems, you hit this known to be unsolvable problem, Love said. Quantum provides the possibility of a breakthrough.

Love shies away from giving a firm timetable for the emergence of specific applications but last year, Holmdahl predicted that commercial quantum computers would exist five years from now. (Check back in 2023 to see how the prediction panned out.)

The first applications could well focus on simulating molecular chemistry, with the aim of prototyping better pharmaceuticals, more efficient fertilizers, better batteries, more environmentally friendly chemicals for the oil and gas industry, and a new class of high-temperature superconductors. It might even be possible to address the climate change challenge by custom-designing materials that pull excess carbon dioxide out of the air.

Love said quantum computers would also be well-suited for addressing optimization problems, like figuring out how to make traffic flow better through Seattles urban core; and for reducing the training time required for AI modeling.

That list is going to continue to evolve, she said.

Whenever the subject quantum computing comes up, cryptography has to be mentioned as well. Its theoretically possible for a quantum computer to break the codes that currently protect all sorts of secure transactions, ranging from email encryption to banking protocols.

Love said those code-breaking applications are farther out than other likely applications, due to the huge amount of computation resources that would be required even for a quantum computer. Nevertheless, its not too early to be concerned. We have a pretty significant research thrust in whats called post-quantum crypto, she said.

Next-generation data security is one of the hot topics addressed $1.2 billion National Quantum Initiative that was approved by Congress and the White House last December. Love said Microsofts post-quantum crypto protocols have already gone through an initial round of vetting by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Weve been working at this in a really open way, she said.

Like every technology, quantum computing is sure to have a dark side as well as a bright side. But its reassuring to know that developers are thinking ahead about both sides.

Excerpt from:

Microsofts quantum computing network takes a giant leap ...

Automation – Official Site

The core experience of the game will be the Grand Campaign. In this game mode, spanning from 1946 to 2020, you start your enterprise from scratch and try to become one of the most renowned car companies in the world. Many roads can potentially lead to success: catering to the masses with small, affordable cars, being an exclusive supercar manufacturer, or focusing on big luxurious flagship cars for the few.

Conquer niches with targeted marketing, or diversify while keeping an eye on brand awareness, brand reputation and prestige to build a loyal following. Compete in ever-shifting regional and global dynamic markets that come with various regulations, featuring many different market segments and buyer demographics.

Set up and manage your factories, expand your production capabilities and improve your cars by investing into research and development to get an edge over your competition. High quality cars and good quality assurance might cost a fortune, but may pay for themselves in the long term. Like in real life, in Automation car design and marketing is full of compromises.

To build and maintain a core team of leading engineers helping you shine in different areas of expertise is just as much part of running a successful business as to properly manage your finances. Keep track of commodity and stock markets and invest your hard-earned cash.

Multiplayer Campaign mode will be available, allowing you to cooperate or compete with other players.

Original post:

Automation - Official Site

Singularity (2017) – Rotten Tomatoes

Robots were supposed to make our lives easier, and at first, they did. Despite all the progress humanity made, it wasn't good enough for Elias Van Dorne (John Cusack), who decided robots were the way to salvation. Van Dorne promised his latest program, Kronos, would save the planet, but how? By wiping out all human life, because we are ultimately what is killing Earth. Fast Forward ninty-seven years as Andrew Davis (Julian Schaffner) wakes up in a world he doesn't know. Attempting to find his way, he meets a young girl, who tells him of a place that is free from Kronos, only question is, can they make it there in one piece? On paper this seems like a great story, and for a b-movie, the special effects are pretty remarkable, but that was the only notable thing about this film. The whole plot really doesn't make much sense, I mean why would Van Dorne want to destroy humanity and live alone forever as part of a computer program? The cast is lead by newcomer, Julian Schaffner, who shows a lot of inexperience but also a lot of potential. I think it's a good thing for a young actor to start out in a film like this, because he can gain his experience in something relatively small and unknown, before moving on to bigger and better things. As for John Cusack, I usual enjoy his films, but in this case he was just terrible. Elias Van Dorne is a character without feeling or purpose, just an evil button pusher, who loves the sound of his own voice, a complete waste of Cusack's talent. The bottom line, Singularity has it moments, but there are too many slow points and too much inexperience seeping through for it to be something I would ever watch again or recommend over hundreds of better choices.

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Singularity (2017) - Rotten Tomatoes

Genetic engineering | Memory Alpha | FANDOM powered by Wikia

A portrait of Khan Noonien Singh, a man who was a product of genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, genetic programming or genetic manipulation was a process in which the DNA of an organism was selectively altered through artificial means. Genetic engineering was often used to produce "custom" organisms, such as for agricultural or medical purposes, as well as to produce biogenic weapons. The most common application of genetic engineering on intelligent beings in the Federation was corrective DNA resequencing for genetic disorders. A far more dubious application of genetic engineering was the genetic enhancement of individuals to produce improved senses, strength, intelligence, etc.

During Earth's 20th century, the efforts of ambitious scientists' to produce "superhumans" eventually resulted in the Eugenics Wars. Genetically engineered individuals such as Khan Noonien Singh attempted to seize power. (TOS: "Space Seed")

This would lead to the banning of genetic engineering on Earth by the mid-22nd century, even research which could be used to cure critical illnesses. This ban was implemented because of the general fear of creating more tyrants such as Khan. It was also felt that parents would feel compelled to have their children genetically engineered, especially if "enhanced" individuals were allowed to compete in normal society.

Some, including geneticist Arik Soong, argued that it was simply convenient for Humanity to denounce the attempts at genetic "improvement" of Humanity, that it was inherently evil because of the Eugenics Wars. He argued that the source of the problem, in fact, wasn't the technology, but Humanity's own inability to use it wisely. Imprisoned for, among other crimes, stealing the embryos of a number of Augment children, Soong wrote long treatises on the subject of genetic augmentations and improvements. His works were routinely taken and placed into storage (although his jailers often told him that his work was vaporized). Though Soong himself gave up genetics to begin research in cybernetics, Captain Jonathan Archer expressed his hope to Soong that research into genetic engineering could cure life-threatening diseases would someday be resumed. (ENT: "Borderland", "The Augments")

Symbols used to indicate presence of genetically engineered lifeform

Others, however, chose to establish isolated colonies, as became the case with the Genome colony on Moab IV, which was established in 2168. It became a notable and successful example of Human genetic engineering in which every individual was genetically tailored from birth to perform a specific role in society. However, after a five-day visit by the USS Enterprise-D when the ship came to the colony in an effort to save it from an approaching neutron star which, eventually, the craft was able to effectively redirect twenty-three colonists left the colony aboard the craft, possibly causing significant damage to the structure of their society. The reason for the societal split was that those who left the colony had realized their organized, pre-planned world had certain limitations, lacking opportunities to grow that were offered by the Enterprise. (TNG: "The Masterpiece Society")

By the 24th century, the United Federation of Planets allowed limited use of genetic engineering to correct existing genetically related medical conditions. Persons known to be genetically enhanced, however, were not allowed to serve in Starfleet, and were especially banned from practicing medicine. (TNG: "Genesis", DS9: "Doctor Bashir, I Presume")

Nevertheless, some parents attempted to secretly have their children genetically modified. (DS9: "Doctor Bashir, I Presume") Unfortunately, most of these operations were performed by unqualified physicians, resulting in severe psychological problems in the children due to their enhancements being only partially successful, such as a patient's senses being enhanced while their ability to process the resulting data remained at a Human norm. (DS9: "Statistical Probabilities")

In some cases, genetic engineering can be permitted to be performed in utero when dealing with a developing fetus to correct any potential genetic defects that could handicap the child as they grew up. Chakotay's family history included a defective gene that made those who possessed it prone to hallucinations, the gene afflicting his grandfather in Chakotay's youth, although the gene was suppressed in Chakotay himself. (VOY: "The Fight") In 2377, The Doctor performed prenatal genetic modification on Miral Paris to correct a spinal deviation, a congenital defect that tends to run in Klingon families; Miral's mother and grandmother had undergone surgery to correct the defect at a young age, but the modification meant Miral would not need surgery herself. Unfortunately, learning of this capability, B'Elanna briefly became obsessed with having her child modified to remove all Klingon DNA traits to try and 'protect' her daughter from the discrimination she had experienced as a child, even going so far as to reprogram The Doctor so that he would believe these changes were necessary to prevent later illness, but she was talked out of it by her husband (VOY: "Lineage").

The Founders of the Dominion performed extensive genetic modifications on their two servant races, the Jem'Hadar and the Vorta, in order for them to better serve their roles and to ingrain a fanatical devotion to the Founders. (DS9: "The Abandoned", "Ties of Blood and Water") As a result of these modifications, neither species reproduced in the traditional biological sense. (DS9: "To the Death")

According to Vorta legend, they were originally ape-like creatures who were gifted sentience by the Founders after they helped a changeling escape pursuit. (DS9: "Treachery, Faith and the Great River")

It is unknown whether the Jem'Hadar had any such ancestral species.

The Dominion also genetically engineered biological weapons, such as the blight they unleashed against the people of the Teplan system. (DS9: "The Quickening")

During the 22nd century, the Suliban were no more evolved than Humans. However, a number of Suliban, from a faction known as the Suliban Cabal, became recipients of some very sophisticated genetic engineering thanks to a mysterious humanoid from the 28th century. These enhancements included subcutaneous pigment sacs, a bio-mimetic garment, modified alveoli, more bronchial lobes and eyes with compound retinas which allowed them to see things starship sensors likely could not detect. The Suliban considered these "enhancements" as "progress". (ENT: "Broken Bow")

When they were captured by a pre-warp civilization in 2152, Jonathan Archer and Malcolm Reed claimed to be prototypes of a new breed of supersoldiers to conceal the existence of alien life from the civilization. (ENT: "The Communicator")

Genetic engineering had been employed on Denobula since the twentieth century, to generally positive effect. (ENT: "Borderland")

Genetic programming was Surmak Ren's major field of study at the University of Bajor. (DS9: "Babel")

The Angosians used psychological and biochemical modifications and mental programming to make the perfect soldier such as Roga Danar. (TNG: "The Hunted")

The Tosk were engineered by the Hunters to be prey for their traditional hunts. (DS9: "Captive Pursuit")

The Son'a used genetic manipulation as part of a range of strategies to retard aging. (Star Trek: Insurrection)

The Brunali were proficient at genetic engineering, which they used to create modified crops capable of surviving on their Borg-devastated homeworld. However, they also genetically engineered some of their children to produce a pathogen deadly to Borg. These children were then allowed to be assimilated, so that they could spread the infection to their Borg vessels. Icheb was one such child, the pathogen causing the cube that he was on to break down, killing all of the active drones and causing the young drones in their maturation chambers to activate before they were fully processed into the Collective. (VOY: "Child's Play")

The Taresians used genetic engineering in tandem with a form of biological weaponry to manipulate the DNA of other species. This occurred to Ensign Harry Kim in 2373, who was infected with a virus that altered his DNA to make him a potential Taresian mate. (VOY: "Favorite Son")

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Genetic engineering | Memory Alpha | FANDOM powered by Wikia

Surf Anonymously Online using Tor – Best Private Browser …

Tor is a private anonymous browser that aims to conceal its users identities and their online activity from traffic and surveillance by separatingidentification and routing. Tor web browser is an implementation of onion routing, which encrypts and then randomly bounces communications through a network of relays run by volunteers around the globe.

Tor is said to be an Onion Router because it layers your traffic like an onion which is a free network or nodes that connect. Using Tor, you can hide your IP address and browse the deep web and dark where the server runs anonymously.

But Tor doesnt replace your VPN (Virtual Private Network), as it effectively anonymizes your browsing experience.

Connecting Tor with a VPN is the best way to protect your internet privacy and security.

Also Read: What are the benefits of using Tor? Why you need them?

The Tor network is a group of volunteer-operated servers which mainly focuses on the user privacy and security and they employs this network by connecting through a serious of visual tunnels rather than making a direct connection. This type of method allows both the individuals and the organizations to share information over public networks without compromising their privacy.

By using Tor, you can reach the blocked destination or content or resources. It is also used as building blocks for a software developer to create a new communication tool with built-in privacy features. Among the market, Tor browser is said to be an effective censorship circumvention tool.

In the world of darkness, we are unable to protect yourself from the threat. We all surf the internet in a normal and standard search engines like Google, Yahoo, and Bing. But, do you know what? there is also the other existence of search engines available on the internet which is completely hidden in the darkness. The hidden web is called the Deep Web. It is not crawled by any popular search engine and it is not visible to the public. You can access them only if you are a member of Deep Web.

Related:What do you mean by Deep Web? And why is it hidden?

The above article could help you to know the facts about the deep web and its importance. You need to use Tor while you surf the deep web linkswhich are more dangerous and creepy.

Tor Project or Org is derived from an acronym for the original software project name The Onion Router. Tor directs Internet traffic through a free, worldwide, volunteer network consisting of more than seven thousand relays to conceal a users location and usage from anyone conducting network surveillance or traffic analysis.

Yes, of course, they do. But not in all the circumstances. Tor cant solve all anonymity problems. It focuses on protecting the transport of data.

Using Tor network isnt enough for protection, you need ultra-security services like CyberGhostVPNto remain anonymous on the internet. Limited time Offer! Get this deal Now!

I strongly recommend our user to run a premium VPN rather than a free version to protect yourself from the hack. Without a VPN, it is unsafe to surf the dark deep web.

You cant be safe without a VPN. Get now.

This tool is used for anonymous communication purpose and you can use this as an individual or a group.

Individuals: They use Tor to keep their websites from tracking or to connect to new sites, instant messaging services, or the like when these are blocked by their local internet providers.

There are more Tor like browsers available online such as I2P and Freenet. But, these are not providing enough security to the user to prevent them from the hack.

Tor private browser wont reveal your actual location of the place from which you access.

A journalist uses Tor to safely communicate with whistleblowersand dissidents. And a Non-governmental organization use this anonymous tools to allow their workers to connect to their home website from abroad, withoutnotifying anybody.

Groups members use Tor for safeguarding their privacy and security online. Indymedia and Electronic Frontier Foundation recommends Tor as a mechanism for maintaining civil liberties online. Corporate use this tool to conduct competitive analysis and to protectsensitive procurement patterns from eavesdroppers.

By using Tor network, you can easily hide your IP address which protects you against from internal surveillance known as Traffic analysis.Traffic analysis will reveal your public network information which means your source and destination of internal traffic (Behaviour and Interest) can be tracked. But we dont need to get tracked by anyone. To hide all your behavior data from the public, you need to have a special software called Tor.

Tor can prevent you from hack and allows the user to hide their original IP location from they access. Moreover, it connects to several unique nodes before connecting to the network, this enables them to hide their user IP address.

Related: The best guide toaccess the Deep web using Tor browser

It is great to surf the hidden world (Deep web and Dark web) with the combination of Tor and VPN. Lets see the working procedure of Tor browser in reality.

Before understanding what TOR does and how it works, it will be nice if you understand how the internet works on a basic level.

In general two end systems communicate directly, via their IP addresses. When you search a website via the browser, DNS servers return you an IP address. Then your browser sends your request to the corresponding server of that IP address.

The packet formed by your device contains your IP address as source and servers IP address (the one you are communicating with) as a destination. This helps intermediate nodes (mostly routers) to forward your packet to the destination (it is not important for you to know how routers perform this task). Thus, communicating nodes always know who they are communicating. Other information (like cookies) provided by your browser to the server also helps them to know who you are.

A bit more information on this topic is provided here. Followthe three-way working guidance of Tor.

Method 1:

Initially, the server needs to tell about its existence to the internet.

Then the server randomly picks TOR nodes and build a circuit around them, and then ask them to act as introduction points (nodes) by giving them its public key.

Tor helps to reduce the risks of both simple and sophisticated traffic analysis by distributing your transactions over several places on the Internet, so no single point can link you to your destination. The idea is similar to using a twisty, hard-to-follow route in order to throw off somebody who is tailing you and then periodically erasing your footprints. Instead of taking a direct route from source to destination, data packets on the Tor network take a random pathway through several relays that cover your tracks so no observer at any single point can tell where the data came from or where its going.

To create a private network pathway with Tor, the users software or client incrementally builds a circuit of encrypted connections through relays on the network. The circuit is extended one hop at a time, and each relay along the way knows only which relay gave it data and which relay it is giving data to. No individual relay ever knows the complete path that a data packet has taken. The client negotiates a separate set of encryption keys for each hop along the circuit to ensure that each hop cant trace these connections as they pass through.

Method 2:

Once a circuit has been established, many kinds of data can be exchanged and several different sorts of software applications can be deployed over the Tor network. Because each relay sees no more than one hop in the circuit, neither an eavesdropper nor a compromised relay can use traffic analysis to link the connections source and destination. Tor only works for TCP streams and can be used by any application with SOCKS support.

For efficiency, the Tor software uses the same circuit for connections that happen within the same ten minutes or so. Later requests are given a new circuit, to keep people from linking your earlier actions to the new ones.

It is possible to download Tor from GetTor service if your country blocks Tor project and its mirror. If not, you can directly download from Torproject.org.

There is a two-way possibility for you to download Tor browser via Email and Twitter. You can download this browser for Windows, Linux, and OS-X(Mac OS X).

Tor for Android: Also download Orbot, the Tor browser for Android on Google play store.

Tor for iOS: Tor isnt available for the iOS device. You can expect the release in future.

Tor for Tails: Go to this link.

The user can communicate with GetTor robot by sending anemail to download Tor. The well-known email address to do is [emailprotected]

If you send them a request, then you will get links to download Tor browser from popular cloud service like Dropbox. Download the file and install them on your device to browse anonymously online.

You can also download Tor via Twitter by sending them a direct message to @get_tor account.

Using Tor is not a crime factor or illegal for normal usage. You can hide your original IP address and the browsing history by using Tor. But most of the people use Tor to remain anonymous on the internet because they are doing illegal things. If you use Tor for any illegal purpose, then it is illegal. Be safe and be smart.

Not in all the case, you are protected. Even Tor isnt safe to browse the web on some occasion.

To avoid risk: You are recommended to use our tested VPN service on your system to remain anonymous online.

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Surf Anonymously Online using Tor - Best Private Browser ...