Film Review: ‘All Eyez on Me’ – Variety

Sleekly shaven-headed, with a pirate bandana, a gangstas dripped-in-death tattoos, and the liquid stare of an Arabian prince, Tupac Shakur was the matinee idol of hip-hop superstars: not the fiercest rapper, not the most virtuosic or visionary, but a figure of hard ferocity who elevated street nihilism by fusing it with a certain lovesexy bravura. For a while, he was as much a movie star as he was a rap star (and he would have been a bigger one had his legal troubles not scared off the Hollywood establishment). On some level, Tupacs life always seemed like a movie playing out in front of you not just the hair triggers of bloodshed, but his whole contradictory dance of activism and thuggery, commitment and celebrity.

All Eyez on Me, the messy, hugely flawed, but fascinating biographical drama that has now been made about him, channels those contradictions, even if it doesnt always know what to do with them. Comprehensive but sketchy, richly atmospheric but often under-dramatized, it is not, in the end, a very good movie (there are a few scenes, like Tupacs initial meeting with Ted Field of Interscope Records, that are embarrassingly bad). Yet its highly worth seeing, because in its volatility and hunger, and the desperation of its violence, it captures something about the space in which Tupac Shakur lived: a place that wanted to be all about pride and power, but was really about flying over the abyss.

The film is 2 hours and 20 minutes long, and considering that Tupac was only 25 years old when he was gunned down in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas on Sept. 7, 1996, that should be enough time to tell his story with intimacy and flow. Yet All Eyez on Me, directed by the music-video veteran Benny Boom, is an old-school biopic that reminds you why old-school biopics faded: It has that overly sprawling, one-thing-after-another quality that can make you feel like youre seeing the cinematic version of a Wikipedia entry.

That said, Demetrius Shipp Jr., who plays Tupac, carries you through. He looks astonishingly like the rap star, but Shipp also fills out Tupac emotionally, showing us the smiley high-school student who prided himself on his success in the theater we see him cast as the lead in Hamlet as well as the surly, neglected adolescent who was raised by his mother, the former Black Panther Afeni Shakur, to take a never-ending stance of defiance. Afeni is played by Danai Gurira (who would have been perfect as Nina Simone), and Gurira makes her a ruthlessly intelligent analyst of the white power structure who is nevertheless consumed by a rage that has no outlet (at one point, she turns to crack).

Its no wonder that Tupac grows up to be a militant without a cause. He can see the injustice around him, and when hes arrested in Oakland for jaywalking (when was the last time a white person got arrested for jaywalking? Answer: never), the sadism of the police is like a nightstick to the soul. Yet each new way that he chooses to define his manhood as a rap star; as a fighter with thug-life cred who will walk, lips snarled, into any confrontation; as a stud; as an activist leader in the new era of rap-as-racial-politics it becomes, for him, a highly self-conscious performance. He turns into a badass outlaw hip-hop demigod who is playing the role of a badass outlaw hip-hop demigod.

Theres a facile framing device, with Tupac explaining (and defending) his life in a prison interview that takes place during the nine months he spent at the Clinton Correctional Facility in 1995. The movie than flashes back to his New York childhood, his jarring moves to Baltimore and Oakland, the close friendship he formed in his teens with Jada Pinkett (Kat Graham), his shot at stardom when he was asked to join Digital Underground, his 1992 role as a stone-cold sociopath in Juice (a role he acted brilliantly, and that was said by some to have had an influence on his off-screen behavior), and his mesmerizing early solo videos for tracks like Same Song (his first lead with Digital Underground) and the scabrous social-protest rap Brendas Got a Baby. But its only after he goes to jail that the movie finds its footing.

All Eyez on Me presents the incident that resulted in rape charges that were brought against Tupac and members of his entourage (he was convicted of first-degree sexual abuse) in a way that completely exonerates him; the truth may have been murkier. Once hes in prison, however, his life and career look like theyre in ruins. Tosave himself, he signs a deal with the devil: Marion Suge Knight, the fearsome 350-pound giant-cigar-chomping entrepreneur of Death Row Records, who enjoys a supreme distinction among the rappers and producers he employs and lords it over hes the only one among them who isnt playing at being a gangsta.

Dominic L. Santana, who plays Knight, captures the underworld moguls self-righteous menace, and the second half of the movie, in which Shakur finds his greatest success, records his greatest song (the momentous California Love), and experiences his greatest existential confusion while at Death Row, is the ominous heart of All Eyez on Me. Its not just that hes surrounded by back-stabbers and glad-handers, as well as musicians like Dr. Dre (Harold House Moore, in an underwritten role) and Snoop Dogg (Jarrett Ellis, who gets the voice but not the snakish cunning). In essence, Tupac is still in prison, trapped not just in a three-album contract but in a stance of outlaw brutishness thats become, in his own mind, political: the only stance the white man will allow him.

But his mother said it best: This is really the systems way of handing him the tools to destroy himself. Once his friendship with Biggie Smalls (Jamal Woolard) breaks down, the fabled East CoastWest Coast rap war becomes, in the movies view, a violent form of tap-dancing, with Tupac and Biggie deluded into thinking that their taunts and boasts mean something.

Who killed Tupac Shakur? All Eyez on Me doesnt say, but it least it spares us the soul-sapping diversion of conspiracy theory. In all likelihood, Tupac was killed in a tit-for-tat piece of gang violence that had nothing to do with the rap wars. What the movie captures is that Tupacs absorption through showbiz, then through the empire of Suge Knight into the role of gangsta sociopath was the insidious illusion that sealed his fate. It was a role he relished playing, and he did it brilliantly; he convinced the toughest audience there was himself. But the only thing about the role that was entirely real was his death.

Reviewed at Magno, New York, June 14, 2017. MPAA Rating: R. Running time: 140 MIN.

A Summit Entertainment/Lionsgate release of a Morgan Creek Productions, Program Pictures, Codeblack Films production. Producers: David T. Robinson, L.T. Hutton, James G. Robinson. Executive producer: Wayne Morris.

Director: Benny Boom. Screenplay: Jeremy Haft, Eddie Gonzalez, Steven Bagatourian. Camera (color, widescreen): Peter Menzies Jr. Editor: Joel Cox.

Demetrius Shipp Jr., Danai Gurira, Kat Graham, Dominic L. Santana, Jamal Woolard, Jarrett Ellis, Brandon Suave, Harold House Moore, Lauren Cohan, Hill Harper.

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Film Review: 'All Eyez on Me' - Variety

The book Christians should read instead of ‘The Benedict Option’ – America Magazine

American Christianity today is beset by political gloom. This gloominess is certainly evident in this years best seller on faith and politics: Rod Drehers The Benedict Option, which David Brooks hails as the most important religious book of the decade.

Inspired by the philosophy of Alasdair MacIntyre, Dreher argues that the modern West is living under [the] barbarism of moral permissiveness, secularism and individualism. In this new Dark Age, public morality is all about individualistic relativism and moral choices are nothing more than expressions of what the choosing individual feels is right. Gone are the traditional virtue communities of yesteryear. Faith is in decline. In its place barbarians with designer suits and smart phones dominate democracies in the name of a hostile secular nihilism.

Dreher believes that Christians have been slow to recognize this fait accompli. What it demands of them is forming local communities of committed believers who preserve virtue for a future flowering of civilization. Failure to do so will doom our children and our childrens children to assimilation.

Given Drehers alarming call to do battle in the modern world, Julin Carrns new book, Disarming Beauty, which asks Christians to lay down their arms and enter the public square with joy and confidence, may seem wildly nave. Yet Carrns argument deserves careful consideration by Christians attracted to the Benedict Option.

Carrn is a Catholic theologian, priest and leader of the movement Communion and Liberation (in which, full disclosure, I participate). Carrn shares similar anxieties about the modern spiritual crisis of nihilism (anxieties that I, incidentally, think are overblown). But, in sharp contrast to Dreher, Carrn does not think Christians should disown contemporary society as a new Dark Age.

This is because todays secular democracies were partly built by Christians (in collaboration with others) and reflect a deep affirmation of their faith. Indeed, Carrn notes, the church in the first centuries was founded on the revolutionary distinction between the two cities, between God and Caesar. Similarly, a secular society maintains a clear and crucial distinction between the church and stately power. A genuinely open, secular public space is thus not a disadvantage to Christianity but rather an assurance against the perennial temptation to use power instead of love to spread faithwhat Carrn calls the temptation of hegemony. This temptation, as Carrn relates, is, unfortunately, something to which Christians frequently succumb. Thus, despite real tensions and disagreements, there remains a profound harmony between Christianity and [the] Enlightenment.

Secularism is not the enemy of Christianity but a historic opportunity for the church to live its witness authentically and unarmed. But Carrn also makes clear that the individual freedom defended by secular democracies is not simply an inconvenience necessary for avoiding the temptation of hegemony. Rather, from the Christian perspective, freedom is the most precious gift heaven gave to humanity. Indeed, there is no real faith without freedom to reject that faith.

When scandalized by others freedom, Carrn insists that Christians should return to the model of Jesus who never forced or coerced conversion. Instead, Jesus always began from the heart or desires of the individual in front of him.

For this reason, Carrn stresses Jesus famous parable of the prodigal son whose father gives him his inheritance early so he may fully pursue his freedom and desires even to the point of complete moral dissipation. Why does the father not intervene by the use of force? Why is he not scandalized by the muck of his sons desires?

Central to the Christian claim is that every human heart has a desire for the infinite, such that every other desire remains restlessly unsatisfied until a relationship with God is formed. Jesus recognized that real faith must always pass through the free desire of the human heart. Instead of coercion, Jesus approach was to offer people a bigger, more engaging love.

Carrn insists that this is why the earliest Christians did not focus on saving civilization but instead desired intensely to mix with Jew or Greek, to present to everyone a truly desirable humanity. This means that Christians, above all people, should affirm individual freedomallowing others to test out their desires and see if anything else will satisfy them. Indeed, Christians should even love this journey, this dramatic destiny of all Gods prodigal sons, who demand their inheritances and test their desires.

By contrast, Drehers book is filled with a deep ambivalence about individual freedom. Although he insists that Christians need the freedoms of the modern state to carry out their Benedict Options, he at the same time wants to denounce this state for its inadequate goal of facilitating and expanding human choice. Drehers project both denounces and requires the secular spaces of freedom he so distrusts.

This is very different from Carrns insistence that Christians should embrace the drama of freedom. According to Carrn, it is clear that returning to a society based on Christian laws is against the very nature of Christianity. Instead, Christians should seek to affirm and revitalize a space of freedom in which nothing is imposed by anyone and a society forms in which each person can freely contribute to its construction, offering his own witness.

It is difficult to imagine a position more diametrically opposed to Drehers belief that following your own heart, no matter what society says, or the church...is devastating to every kind of social stability. Thus, although Dreher at one point hints that Carrns Communion and Liberation is possibly in the spirit of the Benedict Option, he is clearly wrong.

Ultimately, Carrn believes Christians should come to the modern space of freedom armed with nothing but the beauty and attractiveness of their lives. The authentic Christian is not afraid of having to live in todays cultural pluralism without special legal privileges.

In spaces of individual freedom, Christians do not evangelize by withdrawing but by forming friendships. In chapter after chapter, Carrn insists that Christianity did not begin with a moral system or assent to dogmatic claims but with Jesus, who offered his companionship. Faith, in other words, begins as a relationshipas a willingness to fall in love with and accompany others. Far from embattled retraction, Christians today should see their politics as one of friendship: of being able to embrace and stay with the Other. And not because the Other is a burdensome duty but because the Other is a good.

Once again the model is Christ. Carrn recounts how in the Gospels the Pharisees thought Zacchaeus needed moral correction. But Jesus instead puts his trust in a real relationship. To the great chagrin and scandal of the Pharisees, Jesus asks to eat at Zacchaeuss house. In other words, Jesus sees Zacchaeus with all his imperfections and confusions and still loves him.

Carrn believes the great danger for Christians today lies in reducing their faith to a new Pelagianism, or the erroneous doctrine that the faithful save themselves through their efforts. In this light, Drehers call for civilizational action and virtuous withdrawal does not place sufficient trust in the essence of Christianitynamely, relationships with others.

Over and over again, Carrn seems to ask: If Christianity is true, what do Christians really have to fear?

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The book Christians should read instead of 'The Benedict Option' - America Magazine

Searching for the Last Sincere Festival Experience at Download 2017 – Noisey

Guys: I'm done with irony in music. I can't cope with it anymore. We're past the point of no return. Earlier on, I scrolled through my colleague Lauren's article arguing Darius' "Baby One More Time" Popstars audition as a cultural a priori for Ed Sheeran's cover of the same Britney hit, and I didn't even bat an eyelid. Worse than that, during the Manchester tribute concert the other night, my mom texted me saying how she couldn't stand Chris Martin and, without thinking, I texted back arguing his artistic integrity and pushing of the boundaries. I've become a slave.

But it isn't just me: it's all of you. I have absolutely no idea whether any of you mean anything you say. Yes, we've flown too close to the sun of nihilism, and now we're all drowning in a sea of our own jizz. Even the ritualistic, animalistic festivals where we spent our teens learning to lower our boundaries and celebrate music aren't safe anymore. On Saturday daytime at Glastonbury last year, I thought I'd skulk over to Will Young, a million miles away from everything else on a tiny stage: there were queues. Queues. I just want to feel things; I just want an honest, wholesome musical experience; something that stands for something. I want I want Download.

If anything can provide me with the sincere, surely it is the UK's premier heavy rock and metal festival? Aerosmith, Slayer, System of a Down, in the East Midlands. So for the first time I embark on a pilgrimage in search of a people who are doing something not for a laugh, but because they enjoy it. Those with their ears to the ground; those partaking in the last earnest music festival experience.

And, strolling through the entrances, it is stunning. Parents are led by children in Slipknot masks, trying out their throaty singing voices, sounding like Gizmo. Triplets of actual people in actual Biffy Clyro shirts pass eating cones of curly fries; the paths, clear, the hordes instead glued to stages. Dear God: utopia.

I take a whiff of the Donington air.

I can smell what the Dutch call "gezellig," said to be untranslatable in the English language. So I'll try it with senses: nutmeg bringing Christmas home early; the distant sound of A Day To Remember; the carefree feeling of mud splashing on a pair of 5 jorts.

After popping up my tent and rounding the site out for half an hour, I find backstage. Backstage at other festivals is home to free coffee; an empty fridge; people crowded asking for the wi-fi password, furiously trying to update their Instagram with photos of 90s soap opera stars with in-jokes as hashtags. Here, it is 30-year-old men dressed like Paddington Bear in eyeliner. By the door stands a to-scale statue of Slash so that people can compare their proportionate size next to him. Sort of like they're the human in those dinosaur books we had when we were younger.

But this isn't about chugging Jgermeister with the gods; this is about the people.

I mean, they look real. Like you would look if you'd been drinking Hobgoblin and sleeping in tents for two nights. Coachella's endless parade of husks with perfectly coiffed fades and highlighter this is absolutely not, which gets me thinking: are there any drugs at Download? Are drugs wholesome? Did they have E in the Garden of Eden?

"This little fella," says a man at security, with a voice as gravely as Lou Ferrigno, "Is an AEDD."

"Sorry, so what's that?" I ask.

"It's an Arms and Explosive Detection Dog." The AEDD wags its tail at the word 'dog.' "Yeah, which, due to the climate, is the only type of dog we have on site. We have 18 of these guys," the security guy says.

"Wait, so you don't have any drug dogs on site?"

"Not one." I'm gobsmacked, and he can tell. Laughing, he continues, "Listen, it's just not really a drug festival. You may get a little bit of weed here and there, but nobody is bringing anything heavy in here."

"Of course," I say, nodding. "Apart from the metal." I stare at the ground. I think we're done here.

Walking around, I see an endangered species.

T-shirts, with words. Those most beautiful things, baring a simple message that the wearer truly believes in. A creed that has been brought to near extinction through appropriation from the world of irony, thriving in their natural habitat. Like Attenborough with the mountain gorillas, I go to meet them.

"Hey dude!" He turns around to me. "What are your thoughts on the festival so far?" I ask. He looks down at the ground and says:

"Spot on, pal. Really enjoyed myself and can't wait for Biffy later."

Neither hatred nor laughter? This shirt is a lie! Or maybe Maybe this is an ironic shirt? Has he made an ironic bear trap to split my ankle into two? Surely not. No, I must be misunderstanding it.

I have to go deeper; I have to become more Download. So I head to the festival's thriving markets. The kind of place I haven't visited since I was a teen. People from Birmingham have something similar in the Oasis Market; those from Cardiff will remember Blue Banana.

A walking noir tat market. A home away from home.

The first thing I see is something that could really help me drink from the fountain of Download.

"Excuse me," I call the lady. "Can I drink out of these?"

"Of course!" She excitedly runs over. "It's all safe. Properly made from cows, there's a bit of leather here so that you can attach them to yourself." My heart sinks.

"Oh I don't wear leather; I'm a vegetarian." She recoils, and smiles.

"If you're ethically opposed to leather, I can't see you thriving in this community!"

How dare she? I huff, and sprint to the first faux leather item I can find. 6? Sold.

I pick up my boot, and scream to the skies, partaking in a Download ritual as standing by the toilets and crying for Cthulhu.

But something just isn't quite right. I'm just not getting it.

Defeated, I queue up for a beer, feeling sorry for myself. What use is it? Then, all of a sudden, a miasma arises around me: a thick, sour aroma. A craft ale smell. Yes! Of course. A world away from cocaine shits; we're in the land of pickle parps. It's Wychwood Brewery beer - loads of it - a hint of pork bap, drenched in sharp, tart apple sauce. Quite simply, it's the most wholesome fart I've ever smelled. I turn, excited, to see the host behind this fleshy deposit.

"Hey brother," he says. I can't speak. The living embodiment of everything Download, right in front of me. Right up my nostrils. He's not concerned about anything going on around him; he's living in the moment, being who he wants to be. Letting us all know exactly who he is on the inside. He's woken up, thought: 'You know who is fucking cool? The wrestler Goldust. And I'm going to get my face painted like him, because that's who I admire.' It's a pure, beautiful thing. Think about being a child: we didn't need a bag of ket or a trip to Budapest to escape we put on a cape. And that's what this place is all about.

And you know who I want to be today?

Make me Perfect.

I feel his raw power coursing through my veins. Finally, I understand what it is.

Everything has clicked. I'm not sure why, but I feel comfortable now; I no longer look like a person who has spent ten minutes Googling "Berlin fashion" on a bus. The makeup has disarmed me; taken me off heat. From within this disguise, I can really appreciate what makes Download great.

Police officers can actually get their faces painted, without worrying about people fucking with them here.

Girlfriends attend on favour, humouring their 34-year-old boyfriend's worrying new wrestling interest warmly and whole-heartedly.

People headbang at the wheel of bumper cars to Bohemian Rhapsody; one of the festival's curated Fairground playlist.

It's Download.

Time passes. The dads have long gone to bed; their children probably lay in their sleeping bags on an iPad. That leaves me, 26-year-old man, running amok with 19-year-olds from Leeds and alpha-male Scots.

A guy runs up to me and shouts, 'Goldust!' tackling me to the floor.

And with that thud; I'm winded. It doesn't feel wholesome. It hurts. All of a sudden, something doesn't feel right. It's no wonder that the dad's have disappeared, as night time has brought about a strange creed. It's essentially culminated with an earthquake gathering at the last late stage. The epicentre being lots of men stood still, intensely watching scantily clad women dancing to System of a Down like it's a game of tennis.

For fucking hours.

The night spirals on. Out of control.

As much as I love the same ten Linkin Park, Slipknot and Papa Roach songs being replayed, I decide to head to bed.

I awake, mouth dry; head spinning. I clamber across the campsite; Chris Jericho's band blares from across the valley on the main stage. I head to the toilet, and turn into the mirror: I see my reflection. I catch the remains of a wrestler's tattered makeup on my face.

I chuckle. The coffee cup drops.

Dear God: this was all a gag, wasn't it? Download wasn't the problem it was me. I had brought nothing but irony with me. And like the moment Eve and Adam betrayed God by bringing sin into the Garden of Eden for that reason, I must be banished.

There is an earnest paradise out there; one in which people say the things they mean, and actually enjoy things. But if you even remotely find this next picture funny. Even a smile; you can't be part of it.

Hello, cruel world.

#EndIronyNow #CansForSincerity #WeAreTheEnemy

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Photography by Chris Bethell.

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Searching for the Last Sincere Festival Experience at Download 2017 - Noisey

Why Millennials Love ‘Rick and Morty’ – Study Breaks Magazine – Study Breaks

TheAdult Swim cartoon series is the internets favorite show, but not just because its good.

By Christian Zeitler, Carnegie Mellon University

Rick and Morty is Adult Swims most successful series since South Park, and has become especially pandemic among college kids.

Even when the show has been on extended hiatuses, the hype refuses to die down. Why has a show like Rick and Morty (which is, among other things, very strange) been able to grab ahold of our attention so powerfully?

Rick and Morty (image via inverse)

It is more than just the fact that the showsgood; beyond the interesting plots, well-developed characters and cleverly convoluted sci-fi concepts, the series seems to have struck a more profound chord with the younger generation, and fans are able to engage with the Rick and Morty universe(s) in unique ways. Basically, the shows success can be attributed to these two factors: the crazy marketing strategies employed by the Rick and Morty staff, and the shows nihilistic philosophy.

It is clear that the Rick and Morty staff have a firm grasp on social media and general internet culture. For one, most of their marketing efforts are creative and interactive in some form or another. For instance, the Rick and Morty Instagram account is actually an elaborate game called the Rickstaverse. It follows a point-and-click style system where fans can use tags within pictures as a method of exploration. One picture could help transport you to another planet where you could find collectibles or easter eggs. This stands in stark contrast to most other marketing on social media, especially other television shows, who use sites like Instagram as glorified posters for upcoming episodes or events.

Another example is the fundraiser for HIV prevention that co-creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland hosted. The winner of the fundraiser would get to voice a new alien overlord appearing in Season 3. These kinds of strategies that actively engage and encourage participation from the audience keep buzz for the show alive, even when it is not airing new episodes for a long time. They have also created two video games under the Rick and Morty brand. The first is a mobile game emulating Pokmon called Pocket Mortys, and the second is a VR game called Virtual Rickality, the release of which was advertised by an extremely self-deprecating commercial mocking the gimmicky nature of the games own existence.

Virtual Rickality (image via owlchemy labs)

The need to keep buzz alive in the space between seasons has been particularly critical in between Seasons 2and 3due to the ambiguous nature of Season 3srelease date. The ending of Season 2was an almost obnoxiously gut-wrenching cliffhanger, which was made even more painful by the announcement from a character in the after-credits scene that the show wouldnt return for at least another year and a half.

Unsure whether to take this time frame seriously (after all, the name of the character who announced it was Mr. Poopybutthole), the fans of the show have been emotionally battered in the space between. It was announced that the show was actually returning in the winter of 2016, significantly earlier than the year-and-a-half mark, but it turned out that they had not finished animating the episodes, so the return was pushed back to another ambiguous time.

In the dead space, the internet became a breeding ground for false release dates and rants cursing the names of Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland for putting fans through this roller coaster of anticipation and disappointment. Then, with no advertisement other than a tweet, the opening episode to Season 3 was aired on April 1, exactly a year and a half after Mr. Poopybuttholes announcement. Those who found the episode shouted its existence from the rooftops and were met with the overwhelming voices of the already-jaded fanbase: We know its April Fools Day. Nice try, but I wont be disappointed again.

It was the ultimate April Fools prank, because it wasnt one.

All of these choices combine to create a unique persona for the Rick and Morty team. In one sense, it looks like they dont care that they dragged the fans through the mud and then aired an episode on April Fools as a middle finger to the world. But when considering the complexity and creative effort put into all of their other choices, from video games to trailers for The Simpsons in which Rick and Morty accidentally murder the entire Simpson family, it becomes clear that they do care. They care a lot.

They also know that the internet loves to be toyed with, and so the seemingly nonchalant approach to release dates has actually proved to be an important cog in a machine that builds hype. The show only has twenty-two episodes aired so far and yet, it is in the upper echelon of the most talked-about programs Adult Swim has had in the last decade.

Rick and Morty also holds an interesting position as one of the only shows based around the philosophy of nihilism. Nihilism (in a painfully reductionist nutshell) is the belief that nothing matters; everyonelives in a world dictated by random chance, where nothing has meaning and where purpose is an artifice created by beings who cannot handle the weight of their existential insignificance, etc.

This is an idea that can be found deeply entrenched in internet culture. For one, it gives way to absurdism, where the infinitely random nature of theuniverse finds shape in the twisted imagination of people who spend all day looking at their computers. Dark humor thrives in this environment as well, because if nothing matters, why should anyone care about the sensibilities of anybody? Memes about existential dread, incurable apathy and even suicide are extremely common.

image via animationstudies

This is all found within the folds of Rick and Morty. One of the primary plot mechanisms of the show is that Rick, a brilliant and alcoholic scientist, has invented a portal gun that allows him to travel between alternate timelines (a.k.a. dimensions or realties). Some timelines may be the same except for minor details; others are filled with insane creatures and governed by absurd laws. In one dimension, all land is made up of large butts. In another, everything is the same except that Rick and Morty die in a freak accident, allowing the Rick and Morty that the viewers have been following to seamlessly take their place. The variations range from the hilariously juvenile to the poignantly dark.

It seems that this knowledge of the randomness of reality has had its effect on Rick; he claims that he doesnt care about anything. His beliefs include that rules are always pointless and the desire to help anyone other than yourself is a projection of your own ego.

Throughout the show, we see Morty, a high school student, begin to develop similar attitudes. In the episode Rixty Minutes, their family uses one of Ricks devices that allow them to see their lives in alternate realties. Mortys sister and parents obsess over it, and lament the ways in which their current reality is worse than the ones they see in the device. Morty refuses to even glance at it, and gives his sister the following advice when she decides to run away from home as a result of what shes seen:

Dont run. Nobody exists on purpose, nobody belongs anywhere, everybodys going to die Come watch TV.

Its sort of the thesis of the show, and a call to ride out the absurd waves of chaos that constitute life by finding things youlike, things that entertain youor people that youlove. It is a sentiment that finds itself right at home with todays youth and with internet culture in general. Thus, the show has become an anthem for disillusioned young people everywhere.

Adult Swim showsDan HarmonJustin RoilandRick and Morty nihilismRick and Morty philosophy

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Why Millennials Love 'Rick and Morty' - Study Breaks Magazine - Study Breaks

Jim Dey: Another fatal shooting raises the same question why? – Champaign/Urbana News-Gazette

Those nave, self-destructive young people who associate the long-running gang war in Champaign-Urbana with a romantic notion of living life on the edge should have been at the Salem Baptist Church about 90 minutes before Friday's funeral for Darien J. Carter.

The church was empty, save for a white casket bearing a floral display and holding the body of a young black man 24-year-old Mr. Carter.

Nihilism never looked so quiet, peaceful and pathetic.

Meanwhile, across town, another young black man was being arraigned on murder charges in connection with the fatal shooting of Mr. Carter.

Marquise T. Burnett, a 21-year-old Champaign man, was arrested Wednesday for shooting Mr. Carter on the previous Friday (June 2). Mr. Carter was riding a bicycle about 6:15 p.m. in the 500 block of East Eureka Street in Urbana when he was shot multiple times.

To sum it up one dead, one behind bars, more of both in the rearview mirror and surely more on the way.

It's impossible to describe the appeal those kind of numbers represent to the outlaws who generate them. They reflect a lack of respect for almost everything life and its fulsome possibilities most people hold dear.

Mr. Carter is the latest casualty of that mindless mind-set, his death drawing a church full of friends and family members who mourned his death and repeatedly asked how and why it could happen.

One of Mr. Carter's cousins said this was no ordinary funeral because "Busta didn't die at all."

"They killed my cousin in cold blood," he said, referencing Mr. Carter's nickname Busta DaHustla.

The cousin suggested retaliation against those he perceived responsible for Mr. Carter's death because "Busta didn't mess with nobody."

That suggestion drew a strong response from the Rev. Devita Benard, one of several ministers who presided at the emotional event.

"The Bible says, 'Vengeance is mine, I will repay,'" the Rev. Benard said. "Forgiving has to be the rule for this situation."

Friday's service was a combination of traditional mourning, a revival service emphasizing the love of God and pep rally urging members of the black community to protect its young people from the temptations that lead to deaths like that of Mr. Carter.

"We've got to stand up and take our children back," said the Rev. JoAnne Goodloe, a Chicago minster who is Mr. Carter's grandmother.

That will remain a significant challenge because the names of all the individuals involved in this latest incident are familiar to local police.

Burnett, the alleged shooter in this case, was a target in a 2015 drive-by shooting. Three local men were driving in the 600 block of West Beardsley Avenue in Champaign when they slowed down to fire at a group that included Burnett. He was struck in the leg.

The gunman, Kyjuan Dorsey, also accidently shot one of his companions, 18-year-old Jeremy O'Neal, in the head. Dorsey is now serving a 55-year sentence for killing O'Neal and 25 more for shooting Burnett. Now it's Burnett who is looking at a lengthy prison term if he is convicted.

At the time he was shot, Mr. Carter was awaiting a sentencing hearing on a charge of unlawful use of weapons by a felon.

Those sinister activities are a far cry from the descriptions of Mr. Carter included in Friday's service.

His grandmother described a smiling, happy youth who sent her holiday cards and frequently visited.

Goodloe reminded the audience that God gives life but that "it wasn't God who took my grandson."

"For those who did this to my grandson. ... I pray to God for forgiving hearts," she said, reminding that forgiving wrongdoers is "not about them."

"It's about you," she said.

One of Mr. Carter's uncles also spoke, discussing the challenges young black men face growing up in fractured families without positive role models. He said that he wished he could have offered better guidance to his nephew.

"I feel like I failed him," the uncle said. "It just breaks my heart to see him like this."

Judging by the tears, many members of the audience were in pain.

Goodloe acknowledged the hurt, noting that she has been the victim of a crime herself and that she also lost other family members to violence.

"So this, too, shall pass. It will take awhile, but this, too, shall pass," she said.

Jim Dey, a member of The News-Gazette staff, can be reached by email at jdey@news-gazette.com or by phone at 217-351-5369.

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Jim Dey: Another fatal shooting raises the same question why? - Champaign/Urbana News-Gazette

SMOKERS’ CORNER: DEATH CULTS – DAWN.com

Last year on these pages I wrote about an ageing man in Karachi who had travelled to Egypt to fight against the Israeli military during the 1967 Egypt-Israel war.

After the war (which had lasted just six days and saw the Israelis wiping out the Soviet-backed Egyptian forces), the man had travelled to Jordan where he joined Yasir Arafats Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO). He was soon sent to a village on the Lebanon-Israel border to mount guerrilla attacks against Israeli border guards.

During the planning of one such attack, the PLO squad he was part of split when there arose a possibility that the attack might cause civilian casualties. He told me that the majority of the men in his squad were against killing civilians and refused to take part in the attack which was eventually aborted. The man returned to Pakistan and set up a tea stall on Karachis I.I. Chundrigar Road.

Disturbed, confused and angry youth are easy recruits for militant groups promising them an identity in return for total obedience to a charismatic leader

The reason I have briefly repeated this story here is to contextualise the mutation of the idea of modern Muslim militancy and/or how drastically it has changed in the last four decades or so.

Professor of Political Science at Indiana University, James Lutz, in his 2005 book Terrorism: Origins & Evolution, wrote that most European left-wing and Palestinian guerrilla groups, between the 1960s and late 1970s, largely avoided inflicting civilian casualties because they wanted the media and the people to sympathise with them.

This is not to suggest that civilian deaths were always entirely avoided; it is however true that many militant groups often suffered splits within their ranks on this issue. The most well-known split in this context (and regarding Muslim militancy) was the one between Yasir Arafat and Abu Nidal in the PLO in 1974. Arafat had decided to abandon armed militancy and chart a more political course. Nidal on the other hand not only wanted to continue pursuing militancy but wanted to intensify it even further. He formed the violent Abu Nidal Organisation (ANO) which, by the 1980s, had become a notorious mercenary outfit for various radical Arab regimes in Libya, Iraq and Syria.

Even the anti-Soviet mujahideen in Afghanistan the forerunners of devastating Islamist outfits such as Al-Qaeda were conscious of receiving good press and public sympathy by avoiding civilian casualties. In spite of being heavily indoctrinated by CIA and Saudi-funded clerics in Afghanistan and Pakistan to embrace death as a religious duty, the mujahideen did not use suicide bombings, not even against Soviet forces.

The first-ever suicide bombing involving Muslim militants took place in Beirut in 1983 when a member of the Hezbollah drove a truck laden with explosives into a compound full of US military personnel. Yet, it was not until the 1990s, when so-called Islamic militants, many of who had never used violence against civilians during the Afghan insurgency, began to attack soft civilian targets in various Muslim-majority countries.

In his excellent 2004 BBC documentary, Power of Nightmares, film-maker Adam Curtis noted that those who fought in Afghanistan were made to believe (by their facilitators in the US and Saudi Arabia) that it was their religious war which downed a superpower in Kabul many such fighters returned to their home countries and tried to overthrow the existing governments there.

Since this time they were trying to uproot Muslim regimes (and not atheist communists), Curtis suggests that they believed that they could trigger uprisings among the people against corrupt Muslim regimes by creating revolutionary chaos in the society. Thus, car bombs began to explode in public places and, as Curtis then notes, once these failed to generate the desired uprisings, suicide bombings became common when the militants became desperate.

It is also vital to note that suicide bombings, despite the fact that suicide is explicitly forbidden in Islam because it challenges Gods authority over life and death, was hardly ever condemned even by the supposedly apolitical and non-militant religious figures. This was especially true between the 1990s and the mid-2000s and largely because most Muslims were still stuck in the quagmire of the glorified narratives of divinely-charged bravado diffused by Muslim and US propagandists during the anti-Soviet insurgency.

For example, in Pakistan, suicide bombings were not condemnedtill 2014. Even as 50,000 people lost their lives to terror attacks between 2004 and 2014, many non-militant religious figures, reactionary media personalities and so-called experts were continuing to see sheer nihilist violence (in the name of faith) as reactions to state oppression, poverty, corruption, drone attacks, anything other than total nihilist madness.

Nihilism. Thats exactly what it really is. Famous French academic, author and a long-time expert on Islamic militancy, Oliver Roy, recently wrote in The Guardian [April 13, 2017], thatthe nihilist dimension is central to understanding the unprecedented brutality of outfits such as the Taliban, Al-Qaeda, and especially the militant Islamic state (IS) group. To them violence is not a means. It is an end in itself. Such nihilism that wants to wipe out existing social, cultural and political modes and structures of civilisation through apocalyptic violence has been used before in varied forms and in the name of varied ideologies. Nazis in Germany did it in the name of Aryan supremacy; Mao Tse Tung in China did it in the name of permanent (communist) revolution; and theKhmer Rougedid it in Cambodia, by wiping out thousands of Cambodians and announcing communisms Year Zero.

But since Islamic nihilists are still in the shape of insurgents (and not part of any state), Roy sees them more as large apocalyptic death cults who this time just happen to be using Islam as a war cry, mainly because this gives them immediate media coverage.

Roy writes that just as disturbed teens and confused angry youth become easy recruits for cults promising them an identity (in return for total obedience to a charismatic leader), contemporary nihilists and death cults posing as Islamic outfits attract exactly the same kind of following.

Whats more, after painstakingly going through the profiles of known young men and women who decided to join such cults and willed themselves to carry out the murder of civilians and of themselves, Roy found that only a tiny number of them were ever actually involved in any political movements before their entry into the outfit. Roy noted that most were born again Muslims who had suddenly become very vocal about their beliefs and then were rapidly drawn in by the many recruitment tactics of nihilist cults operating as Islamic outfits around the world.

Most telling is the fact that religious figures in Muslim countries had continued to see the nihilists as a radical expression and extension of the glories of the Afghan insurgencyonly to now realise that to the nihilists they too are as much infidels as the Soviets were, or the Westerners are.

Published in Dawn, EOS, June 11th, 2017

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SMOKERS' CORNER: DEATH CULTS - DAWN.com

How Carmen Ejogo Helped Build a Personal Apocalypse in It Comes at Night – Den of Geek US

For an ensemble piece about family and the pains it can endure, Carmen Ejogos Sarah is more than just the mother of an endangered den in It Comes at Night; shes the key that makes these people blood relatives. So she has the most to lose whenever any of it spills.

When the film begins, an unseen apocalypse has been muddled through for an unknown amount of time, but its certainly taken its toll on Ejogo and everyone left that matters in her life. Secluded and surviving in her presumable childhood home, a house deep in the woods, the picture opens on Sarah saying goodbye to her father Bud (David Pendleton), a man suffering from a mysterious plague that has caused blisters to crop up on his face and body. His grandson Travis (Kelvin Harrison Jr.) and son-in-law Paul (Joel Edgerton) reluctantly take the former patriarch out into the woods and euthanize him in his grave.

For Sarah, it is all downhill from there as an enigmatic family with young parents (Christopher Abbott and Riley Keough) ends up staying with them. She isnt sure if she can trust them or anyone else who isnt kin these days. But with already one loss in the family, she isnt eager to see another member vanish.

When Den of Geek sat down with Ejogo earlier this week, the foreboding nihilism of this film hung heavy around the conversation. After all, director Trey Edward Shults cited the medieval painting The Triumph of Death as one key inspiration, and the loss of a parent as the other. Ejogo is aware of the interpersonal horror in this epic worldand how unique of an opportunity it was for her and her co-stars to build that world simply through their acting choices.

In our conversation with the Selma actress, we veer from discussing how she, Edgerton, and Harrison had the freedom to conjure this reality and emotion, as well as what it means to her and our seemingly darkening world. But there is light too since we also discuss whether we might see Ejogo again in a Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them sequel!

So youve been in horror movies before, but none quite like this. Could you talk about what you mightve expected the script to be and how you reacted upon reading it?

So I got the script, thought it was really interesting, but didnt have a sense of who the director was given he had only made one film. So I went to that film, which is called Krisha. It was immediately obvious to me that this was somebody who had a very clear sense of self as a director and a filmmaker, and whatever he did next would be potentially really powerful. So I guess it was a combination of script and seeing his material that made me sign on, and then it just got better and better. I was like, Who else is probably going to be cast? Hearing about how he was going to approach lighting in the movie and the very unorthodox attempt at bringing on a sound supervisor who was going to be pretty radical in some ways.

So there were so many reasons to be excited. Because the things that are the most hard to come by in this business are original ideas that are then executed the way they are intended, which is what I think was the promise of this from the start.

How much of yourself do you look for in the subject? Because despite being such an apocalyptic setting, the film is dealing with very primordial concerns about mortality and losses within ones family.

Good question. I think often as an actor you read material and you dont even realize fully why youre responding until maybe afterwards, maybe never. That was probably the case for me. I know it was the case for Kelvin. I didnt know until today that he had gone through in some form or another Hurricane Katrina.

So he lost a home. He was only 12-years-old at the time, but thats the kind of memory that I imagine stays with you the rest of your life. So its bound to inform the kind of professional choices you make too. So I dont doubt that there are experiences I had, if I thought about it, that would keep me interested and pull me back to this sort of genre world, and this sort of darker, nihilistic kind of space we inhabit.

Did you call on anything specifically to find Sarah?

I think the one thing I drew about regularly was the relationship with my own son whos 15-years-old, who is at a very close age. I would argue that Kelvin plays it like a 15-year-old a lot of the time, in terms of his innocence, curiosity, his sexual desires for Rileys character, and so on and so forth. Its all just emerging. Its all just beginning to blossom in him.

Trey is apparently heavily influenced by Pieter Breughel paintings, specifically about medieval plagues. Obviously, theres a painting in your characters house in the movie. Did you study the paintings of Brueghel and did you get to talk to Trey about why your characters would keep this painting?

We definitely talked about why we keep the painting for sure. One of the things that became a fixation for all of us was timeline. Even if we didnt know what the backstory was entirely, we did need to have a feel for if this disease is something thats been around for six months or two years. How long does it take to die from it? How long has Bud have it before he gets the blisters? You know, these things kind of things did need to be answered in order to move forward in a way that was consistent.

So in that exploration in putting questions back and forth to Trey, it became clear he had imagined that this had been the house Bud stayed in as the family moved out and grew up, or moved to after he split with his wife or his wife died. But then there are other things he had no intention of letting us know or understand fully. He wanted to keep us in the dark. I think to fester a certain amount of paranoia among ourselves. There are things Riley knew about me that I didnt know about her and all kinds of shady stuff he was encouraging. [Laughs]

Were you, Joel, and Kelvin able to come up with your own backstory for what family life was like before all hell broke loose?

I dont know if we were ever completely on the same page to be honest. I know we all did it as part of our process. I had several dinners with Trey to talk about what I thought might make sense in terms of profession. Is this a rich family or a poor family? You know, where do we land on that stuff? So we definitely got into that. But as I said, some of the things would really live within ourselves. So if it makes sense to us, given the kind of family performance we were hoping for.

Who do you think Sarah was before the plague then?

So I think Sarah was a bit of a daddys girl, but tomboyish and resourceful, and may have learned to use guns by observing her dad, who I think its kind of clear, not really, but hes probably come home from the military or Vietnam and established the house. That maybe there is something a little PTSD about him, which may be why he is so secluded in this forest in this house. And thats also why I have an aptitude for putting together the water system or doing ABC. I can use guns it seems. Its not a big thing for me to get readythere are parts of the movie where Im using guns. So that was certainly something we explored.

But you know, I could know nothing about my character, and there still would have been enough with the paranoia.

Out of curiosity, did you speak with Chris or Riley about their own backstories, or were you as actors kept apart to build that suspicion of each other?

Yeah, I knew and I know nothing about Chris and Rileys characters. Other than what you see on the screen? Nothing else. I remember there was some kind of strange pitting us against each other by Trey, between myself and Riley, so thered be a degree of jealousy festering as well. For me, the mother of my son who clearly has thing for this other girl, and I was also jealous of their marriage, because mine is very stale and a little frigid. So these are things that arent on the page.

Theres nothing in the stage direction or dialogue that suggests thats what were playing, but there are layers and colors that lend themselves to this sort of movie, that make it very much a character-driven piece.

This movie can at times be bleakly nihilist. It goes back to Breughel and The Triumph of Death. What do you think the appeal is in such grimness from our art or even entertainment?

I think theres something a little nihilistic in every one of us. That theres this awful dance with mortality that we have to play every single day of our lives, which means theres a fascination with death and death in all the forms it can take. Whether its self-inflicted, whether its apocalyptic events, whether its pandemics, whatever it might look like. To have a grasp of it in a safe arena like a cinema screen is a kind of experience that most of us are willing to go through, because we will understand that it may only be around the corner in real-life.

On a somewhat lighter topic, I just recently rewatched Fantastic Beasts again. Have you heard whispers yet about Seraphina Picquery returning for another wizarding adventure?

Write all requests to @jk_rowling on Twitter and hopefully shell get the message that Seraphina cannot be done without for number two! [Laughs]

When I last saw it, it was actually the day before the U.S. election in November. JK Rowlings vision of nationalist forces on the rise again seems more timely than ever.

You know, Ive made a few filmsthis is very interesting, because I came up earlier with the theory about Trey, who wrote [It Comes at Night] three years ago about something completely different. It wasnt an attempt at being political or socially relevant. It was a personal film about his father dying of cancer. And yet, somehow, his feelers were out enough to tap into the zeitgeist. Ive had that experience, when I think about it, three times. So maybe its as much to do with me as it is to do with Trey in how I found myself in repeated pieces of material that really resonate in the here and now.

Certainly, which you just mentioned Selma and also this. I dont think Trey had any intention when he wrote this to tap into whats happening right now. But if youre following the newsreal newsyou saw this coming. Its not that it happened yesterday and suddenly a movie happened to coincide [with it]. It feels like its in-tune or attuned. This has been cyclical for as long as I can remember. It wouldnt surprise me around the time that Trey was writing the piece three years ago that he was just getting a feel in the air for something that was coming. Interesting that as an audience, we get to watch it right smack back in the middle of that time that he may have been sensitive to three years ago.

It feels like art will be reacting quite a bit now.

Yeah, for sure.

Thank you for doing this.

Thank you, it was great to see you.

It Comes at Night is in theaters now.

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How Carmen Ejogo Helped Build a Personal Apocalypse in It Comes at Night - Den of Geek US

China’s Latest Book Ban: An Award-Winning Novel About the Deadly Consequences of Land Reform – The News Lens International (press release)

The Chinese government has recently banned the saleof an award-winning novel about land reform in the Cultural Revolution era. However, a digital copy was circulated online and won readers applause.

The Chinese government has recently banned the sale of an award-winning novel, Soft Burial, written by Fang Fang about Chinas land reform in the 1950s.

The novel tells the story of an old woman who suffered from amnesia after she witnessed her husbands entire family driven to take their own lives during the Chinese Communist Party's nationwide land reform, which aimed to eliminate the landlord class not long after the People's Republic of China was established in 1949. The buried memories haunt the woman throughout her life, and her son decides to investigate her past.

The suicides tied to the land reform are not an invention of the novel. In addition to public executions, the class struggle resulted in tens of thousands of landlords and better-off peasants killing themselves. There are no official records of exactly how many were killed during the land reform, but estimates by Chinese and U.S. scholars have ranged between 1 and 5 million.

Soft Burial, originally published in 2016, won the 2016 Luyao Literature Award, a tribute to its historical realism. Fang Fang explained the title of the novel in her postscript:

When people die and their bodies are buried under the earth without the protection of coffins, this burial is called a soft burial; as for the living, when they seal off their past, cut off their roots, reject their memories, either consciously or subconsciously, their lives are soft buried in time. Once they are in a soft burial, their lives will be disconnected in amnesia.

Ahead of the announcement of the Luyao award on April 23, a literature criticism seminar organized by the Worker, Peasant and Soldier reading group in the city of Wuhan concluded that the novel is a poisonous plant:

An attack on the land reform aimed at resurrecting the spirits of the landlord class and hence a poisonous plant against communism.

Similar gatherings that are critical of the novel have also taken place in other cities, including Zhengzhou.

Former Chinese Communist Party leaders have also published their rebukes of the novel. A former head of the Central Organization Department Zhang Quanjing wrote a political struggle-style piece denouncing it, titled Soft Burial is a reflection of ideological class struggle in the current terrain:

Fang Fangs novel ignores the essence of land reform and pours dirty water onto the campaign. This is a distortion of history, a typical expression of historical nihilism in the literature and art fields, a concrete example of the struggle between peaceful transformation and anti peaceful transformation [of the political system].

Lieutenant General of the Peoples Liberation Army Zhao Keming extended the criticism to a number of contemporary novels:

Though historical nihilism has been criticized by the party and the people, it has been spreading in different forms. In addition to the poisonous historical research, university lectures and public forums, it has been very rampant in the field of literature. Soft Burial is just the latest published novel to explicitly attempt to vindicate the landlord class and criticize the land reform. Before its publication, novels such as To Live, Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out, White Deer Plain, The Ancient Ship, etc., have not been criticized in mainstream media. The writers have not been denounced by their leaders in their work or party unit. Some of them have even reached high positions, received praise from fans and followers. Objectively, this has given birth to a trend that sees subverting history in writing is the ticket to success and a bright future.

The wave of criticism culminated in the novel's ban.

However, a digital copy was circulated online and won readers applause. Many found the novel inspiring and wrote their commentaries on social media. Quite a number complained that their comments were reported, deleted and soft buried. Below are a number of comments still circulating on the popular platform Weibo.

A reader from Chengdu said:

The story is well toldunrelated characters come together in the end. But I really don't like the ending, why not dig into the truth, why let his parents history remain buried? Such a coward and lack of filial piety. Maybe this is the writer's intention, to let the readers feel the sense of soft burial because it is a reality that we are facing in our lives.

A reader from Shandong reflected:

No incident has absolute truth. What matters is not the truth, but our attitude towards truth. Perhaps we can never evaluate the past in a fair manner, but we have the right to question it. A country should be open to confronting its history, or the historical baggage would become too heavy to bear.

And Fang Fangs novel inspired one Anhui reader to write about his family history:

My great-grandfather was a servant working for a landlord. Because he was smart and diligent, he opened his own woodwork and dyeing workshops, bought land and became rich. He was a rich peasant but not a landlord. But he was labelled as a landlord during the land reform because he was at odds with those who led the reform. When they calculated his property, they included the land owned by my great-grandmother's family. Her family was a landlord but the land was owned by her brothers and had nothing to do with him. It was an excuse for revenge. I don't know how my great-grandfather died, but my great-grandmother was starved to death in her own bed.

The father of my great-grandfather was a literati in the late Qing Dynasty. He was a teacher his whole life and left behind loads of books. They were all burned into ashes during the land reform.

My grandfather was studying medicine and agriculture in high school in town. He was getting ready to go to Fudan University. But he was labelled as the son of landlord and had to return to the village and became a farmer. He taught briefly in the 1960s but because of that, he was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution.

My family background is that of peasants and literati. Because of the land reform, all the books were burned, land confiscated. There was no other exit for them. They had suffered for many decades and shed tears and blood and they could not even cry and tell their stories aloud!

The News Lens has been authorized to publish this article from Global Voices, a border-less, largely volunteer community of more than 1400 writers, analysts, online media experts, and translators.

TNL Editor: Edward White

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China's Latest Book Ban: An Award-Winning Novel About the Deadly Consequences of Land Reform - The News Lens International (press release)

‘It Comes at Night’ Review – Washington Free Beacon

BY: Sonny Bunch June 9, 2017 4:55 am

It Comes at Night is something like a super-stylish, extended episode of The Walking Dead: a tour-de-force of hateful nihilism that will likely leave audiences feeling far worse about themselves and the state of man than they did 97 minutes previously.

We're dropped into the middle of a plagueits origins unclear; its results quite obviouswhere a family of survivors is getting ready to end the life of their sore-riddled grandfather. The work being done is both deeply personal and strangely impersonal; nothing is more heartrending than having to pull the plug on a relative yet nothing is more necessary in the midst of an outbreak. We see the actions and hear the muffled words of distraught, duty-bound loved ones, but director and writer Trey Edward Shults obscures the faces of Paul (Joel Edgerton) and his son, Travis (Kelvin Harrison, Jr.), with gas masks, the glass lenses reflecting only the darkness around them.

It isn't until the old man's funeral pyre lights up that we see their eyes, the horror haunting them, the pressure they're under. Paul, Travis, and family matriarch, Sarah (Carmen Ejogo), are living on borrowed time, barricaded in a house with only one entrance, and only one set of keys to that entrance. The only question is how quickly it will run out.

The sand starts slipping through the hourglass more quickly once Will (Christopher Abbott) breaks into the house and convinces Paul et al to allow him to bring his family to their compound. Will and Kim (Riley Keough) have chickens and goats, and a son, Andrew. The two families try to coexist, but paranoia mounts, anxiety rages, and blood is shed.

It Comes at Night is an easy movie to admire, a technically masterful work that ratchets up the suspense by withholding information and carefully controlling what the camera shows us. Shultz makes expert use of natural light sources, often allowing just enough brightness from lamps or flashlights for us to make out the character the camera is focused on and little else in the frame. The literal darkness creeping in on each shot matches the figurative darkness encircling the increasingly paranoid families.

All that technical skill is employed in an ultimately empty endeavor, however. It Comes at Night is an exercise in relentless nihilism. By withholding key pieces of information and forcing us to distrust everything Will and his family do, It Comes at Night can't really serve as a critique of distrust or paranoia in the face of civilizational breakdown; rather, it revels in paranoia, rubs your face in its fear-mongering.

In short, It Comes at Night is the feel-bad movie of the year. I can't help but feel as if audiences are going to hate it. And I can't blame them if they do.

Originally posted here:

'It Comes at Night' Review - Washington Free Beacon

Former Grateful Dead Tour Manager Chimes in on Long Strange Trip Documentary – Relix (blog)

One time tour manager for the Grateful Dead (and Rolling Stones) Sam Cutler weighed in on his thoughts regarding Amir Bar-Lev's all-encompassing four-hour documentary Long Strange Trip.

Cutler, who tour managed the Dead from 1970-74,is one of the stars of the film for his no-bullshit honesty and incredible perspective about how the Dead fit into the culture back then compared to another band he famously worked with--The Rolling Stones. In a wide rangingFacebook post, Cutler gave his thoughts upon seeing the finished product and there were reviews both positive and negative.

Cutler admits he loved the film and that "I loved that so many people in the film expressed love, lived in love, loved one another and most of all, loved Jerry." He complimented Bar-Lev for his work ("Sure picked one hell of a hill to climb") while noting its an "impossible task" to capture all that the Grateful Dead were.

"I was struck by what people decided to say in the film--what they articulated as 'appropriate for posterity'," Cutler noted in one of the more critical moments. "How some of the more 'fey' representatives of the family laughed uproariously at the notion that latter-day Deadheads could be told (or asked) to behave and not come to shows if they didn't have tickets; whilst on the other hand, these same modern day 'libertarians' (so hip and so free) could happily suggest that there were too many nasty hairy Hells Angels back-stage for their taste."

He admits that the film left him "an emotional mess" as he looked back on his time with the band. "It was, at times, unbelievably painful to see the mistakes we made, the errors of judgement, the poor planning, the rampant nihilism, that led like some tragic operatic shuffle towards Jerry's demise," he wrote. Cutler also clears up some misinterpretations by others in the film, particularly a brief time where Cutler and his team decided that taping wouldn't be allowed ("That lasted for two shows at the most") and complimented the band members' contributions, calling them the "true psychedelic explorers of their time."

Where the hell to BEGIN? Well, lets begin with love. I loved the film. I loved that so many of the people in the film expressed love, LIVED in love, loved one another, and MOST OF ALL, loved Jerry. I became for a few years another person in that psychedelic army of people all over the planet who loved that gentle and so-loving man and his band. I was just so amazingly fortunate to have been his tour manager, co-manager (with Jon McIntyre and David Parker) and his agent, through my company Out of Town Tours from 1970 - 74.

Amir Bar Lev, the mountain-climbers mountain-climber, sure picked one hell of a hill to climb when he decided to make this film! Solo unaided up the face of El Capitan in Yosemite has nothing on the perils associated with trying to capture who what where how and when on the Grateful Dead. Its an impossible task on a rational level, but thankfully rationality was never a particularly necessary attribute around the band and the family - in fact, it seemed sometimes that the wackier things were, the better. It never seemed to represent too much of a problem, and (of course) people loved the madness, but only up to a point! When it got to be too much, the good ol Grateful Dead simply retreated or practiced invisibility.

Jerry might not have been the whole ship, but he sure as heck was the vessel. AND the anchor! I was struck by what people decided to say in the film - what they articulated as appropriate for posterity. How (for example) some of the more fey representatives of the family laughed uproariously at the notion that latter-day dead-heads could be told (or asked) to behave and not come to shows if they didnt have tickets; whilst on the other hand, these same modern day libertarians (so hip and so free) could happily suggest that there were too many nasty hairy Hells Angels back-stage for their taste. Jerry, bless him, kept it all in balance. For example, he point-blank refused to sign any letter to the fans when their behaviour became an issue, and he pointedly welcomed the Hells Angels to concerts as he welcomed anyone who loved the music.

The film left me an emotional mess. In the midst of it all I burst into tears and had to be comforted by my son Bodhi. It was, at times, unbelievably painful to see the mistakes we made, the errors of judgement, the poor planning, the rampant nihilism, that led like some tragic operatic shuffle towards Jerrys demise. BUT, conversely, it was thrilling to see how all of those too-human errors that we made were happily embraced by the family and the band and laughed about, and thus in some crazy unexplainable way survived. Embracing failures was surely one of the distinctive markers of the magnificence of the Grateful Dead. There was room for all.

One little thing stands out as a perfect example of the Grateful Deads approach and how posterity has somehow misinterpreted what happened. The record company hated the tapers because they believe it would damage the bands record sales. The band was in a quandary. It was decided that the taping couldnt be allowed. Myself and the crew had the unenviable task of implementing this edict. That lasted for two shows at the most, then we brought up the situation in the dressing room prior to a show. We had all taken a trip and were getting high. We explained to Jerry we aint cops, we dont wanna be cops and the policy of stopping taping was then and there abandoned as it was unanimously agreed that asking ANYONE to police the tapers was a bridge too far. That was it. No big deal. We tried it. (banning the tapers) It didnt work, so we immediately abandoned it and moved on. This was later interpreted by some Wall Street people as a supreme example of the Grateful Deads business acumen which directly led thru the distribution of the tapers recordings to the bands huge commercial success. As if we'd planned it all ! You have to laugh!

WHERE did I cry in the film? Where did I laugh? When Barbara said that Jerry told her Id just like to live on the ice-cream money. I thought THAT was so poignant that I cried like a baby. Poor Jerry, the thing that he had spent his life creating and nurturing consumed him in the end, and it seemed as if no-one could save him, though they all surely tried. The ONE thing that they COULD have done, they DIDNT DO !!!! Namely, they could have abandoned ship. Called the whole thing to a halt and simply STOPPED. Jerry could have scuba-dived for the rest of his days. BUT, no-one could bring themselves to do it, and Jerry, poor Jerry, disappeared down the dumb rabbit-hole of heroin. PigPen had died, Keith had died, Brent had gone before him - tragic and ghastly precursors of what was to come. Vince followed thereafter.

The film captured it all. It was heart-breaking, and yet in the end it was MORE than simply THAT. It was an epic trip those guys wrote on the pages of their lives, an adventure of Homeric proportion and Shakespearian intensity, that has had no equal. Phil said some beautiful soulful things, as did Micky and Billy and Bobby these guys were the true psychedelic explorers of their time and showed us how to LIVE. Phil said: the Grateful Dead was the best thing that ever happened to me and that goes for me too, and everyone else that was on the bus. As soon as Ive recovered I want to see the film again .. and again. It has so MUCH depth and is so subtle.

Amir Bar Lev is to be congratulated on a magnificent achievement. The Grateful Dead never quite managed to capture the sound of heavy air in the recording studio, but Amir got it on film. In the end, the movie rendered me speechless and just simply GRATEFUL to all the guys in the band and all the people in the family for the four years I was involved. They were the best years of my life.

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Former Grateful Dead Tour Manager Chimes in on Long Strange Trip Documentary - Relix (blog)

China bans ‘Soft Burial’, a novel about deadly consequences of land reform – Business Standard

The Chinese government has recently banned the sale of an award-winning novel, Soft Burial, written by Fang Fang about Chinas land reform in the 1950s.

The novel tells the story of an old woman who suffered from amnesia after she witnessed her husbands entire family driven to take their own lives during the Chinese Communist Party's nationwide land reform, which aimed to eliminate the landlord class not long after the People's Republic of China was established in 1949. The buried memories haunt the woman throughout her life, and her son decides to investigate her past.

The suicides tied to the land reform are not an invention of the novel. In addition to public executions, the class struggle resulted in tens of thousands of landlords and better-off peasants killing themselves. There are no official records of exactly how many were killed during the land reform, but estimates by Chinese and US scholars have ranged between 1 and 5 million.

Soft Burial, originally published in 2016, won the 2016 Luyao Literature Award, a tribute to its historical realism. Fang Fang explained the title of the novel in her postscript:

When people die and their bodies are buried under the earth without the protection of coffins, this burial is called a soft bury; as for the living, when they seal off their past, cut off their roots, reject their memories, either consciously or subconsciously, their lives are soft buried in time. Once they are in a soft burial, their lives will be disconnected in amnesia.

Ahead of the announcement of the Luyao award on April 23 2017, a literature criticism seminar organized by the Worker, Peasant and Soldier reading group in the city of Wuhan concluded that the novel is a poisonous plant:

An attack on the land reform aimed at resurrecting the spirits of the landlord class and hence a poisonous plant against communism.

Similar gatherings that are critical of the novel have also taken place in other cities, including Zhengzhou.

Former Chinese Communist Party leaders have also published their rebukes of the novel. Former head of the Central Organization Department Zhang Quanjing wrote a political struggle-style piece denouncing it, titled Soft Burial is a reflection of ideological class struggle in the current terrain:

Fang Fangs novel ignores the essence of land reform and pours dirty water onto the campaign. This is a distortion of history, a typical expression of historical nihilism in the literature and art fields, a concrete example of the struggle between peaceful transformation and anti peaceful transformation [of the political system].

Lieutenant General of the Peoples Liberation Army Zhao Keming extended the criticism to a number of contemporary novels:

Though historical nihilism has been criticized by the party and the people, it has been spreading in different forms. In addition to the poisonous historical research, university lectures and public forums, it has been very rampant in the field of literature. Soft Burial is just the latest published novel to explicitly attempt to vindicate the landlord class and criticize the land reform. Before its publication, novels such as To Live, Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out, White Deer Plain, The Ancient Ship, etc., have not been criticized in mainstream media. The writers have not been denounced by their leaders in their work or party unit. Some of them have even reached high positions, received praise from fans and followers. Objectively, this has given birth to a trend that sees subverting history in writing is the ticket to success and a bright future.

The wave of criticism culminated in the novel's ban.

However, a digital copy was circulated online and won readers applause. Many found the novel inspiring and wrote their commentaries on social media. Quite a number complained that their comments were reported, deleted and soft buried. Below are a number of comments still circulating on the popular platform Weibo.

A reader from Chengdu said:

The story is well toldunrelated characters come together in the end. But I really don't like the ending, why not dig into the truth, why let his parents history remain buried? Such a coward and lack of filial piety. Maybe this is the writer's intention, to let the readers feel the sense of soft burial because it is a reality that we are facing in our lives.

A reader from Shandong reflected:

No incident has absolute truth. What matters is not the truth, but our attitude towards truth. Perhaps we can never evaluate the past in a fair manner, but we have to right to question it. A country should be open to confronting its history, or the historical baggage would become too heavy to bear.

And Fang Fangs novel inspired one Anhui reader to write about his family history:

My great-grandfather was a servant working for a landlord. Because he was smart and diligent, he opened his own woodwork and dyeing workshops, bought land and became rich. He was a rich peasant but not a landlord. But he was labelled as a landlord during the land reform because he was at odds with those who led the reform. When they calculated his property, they included the land owned by my great-grandmother's family. Her family was a landlord but the land was owned by her brothers and had nothing to do with him. It was an excuse for revenge. I don't know how my great-grandfather died, but my great-grandmother was starved to dead in her own bed.

The father of my great-grandfather was a literati in the late Qing Dynasty. He was a teacher his whole life and left behind loads of books. They were all burned into ashes during the land reform.

My grandfather was studying medicine and agriculture in high school in town. He was getting ready to go to Fudan University. But he was labelled as the son of landlord and had to return to the village and became a farmer. He taught briefly in the 1960s but because of that, he was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution.

My family background is that of peasants and literati. Because of the land reform, all the books were burned, land confiscated. There was no other exit for them. They had suffered for many decades and shed tears and blood and they could not even cry and tell their stories aloud!

The Chinese government has recently banned the sale of an award-winning novel, Soft Burial, written by Fang Fang about Chinas land reform in the 1950s.

The novel tells the story of an old woman who suffered from amnesia after she witnessed her husbands entire family driven to take their own lives during the Chinese Communist Party's nationwide land reform, which aimed to eliminate the landlord class not long after the People's Republic of China was established in 1949. The buried memories haunt the woman throughout her life, and her son decides to investigate her past.

The suicides tied to the land reform are not an invention of the novel. In addition to public executions, the class struggle resulted in tens of thousands of landlords and better-off peasants killing themselves. There are no official records of exactly how many were killed during the land reform, but estimates by Chinese and US scholars have ranged between 1 and 5 million.

Soft Burial, originally published in 2016, won the 2016 Luyao Literature Award, a tribute to its historical realism. Fang Fang explained the title of the novel in her postscript:

When people die and their bodies are buried under the earth without the protection of coffins, this burial is called a soft bury; as for the living, when they seal off their past, cut off their roots, reject their memories, either consciously or subconsciously, their lives are soft buried in time. Once they are in a soft burial, their lives will be disconnected in amnesia.

Ahead of the announcement of the Luyao award on April 23 2017, a literature criticism seminar organized by the Worker, Peasant and Soldier reading group in the city of Wuhan concluded that the novel is a poisonous plant:

An attack on the land reform aimed at resurrecting the spirits of the landlord class and hence a poisonous plant against communism.

Similar gatherings that are critical of the novel have also taken place in other cities, including Zhengzhou.

Former Chinese Communist Party leaders have also published their rebukes of the novel. Former head of the Central Organization Department Zhang Quanjing wrote a political struggle-style piece denouncing it, titled Soft Burial is a reflection of ideological class struggle in the current terrain:

Fang Fangs novel ignores the essence of land reform and pours dirty water onto the campaign. This is a distortion of history, a typical expression of historical nihilism in the literature and art fields, a concrete example of the struggle between peaceful transformation and anti peaceful transformation [of the political system].

Lieutenant General of the Peoples Liberation Army Zhao Keming extended the criticism to a number of contemporary novels:

Though historical nihilism has been criticized by the party and the people, it has been spreading in different forms. In addition to the poisonous historical research, university lectures and public forums, it has been very rampant in the field of literature. Soft Burial is just the latest published novel to explicitly attempt to vindicate the landlord class and criticize the land reform. Before its publication, novels such as To Live, Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out, White Deer Plain, The Ancient Ship, etc., have not been criticized in mainstream media. The writers have not been denounced by their leaders in their work or party unit. Some of them have even reached high positions, received praise from fans and followers. Objectively, this has given birth to a trend that sees subverting history in writing is the ticket to success and a bright future.

The wave of criticism culminated in the novel's ban.

However, a digital copy was circulated online and won readers applause. Many found the novel inspiring and wrote their commentaries on social media. Quite a number complained that their comments were reported, deleted and soft buried. Below are a number of comments still circulating on the popular platform Weibo.

A reader from Chengdu said:

The story is well toldunrelated characters come together in the end. But I really don't like the ending, why not dig into the truth, why let his parents history remain buried? Such a coward and lack of filial piety. Maybe this is the writer's intention, to let the readers feel the sense of soft burial because it is a reality that we are facing in our lives.

A reader from Shandong reflected:

No incident has absolute truth. What matters is not the truth, but our attitude towards truth. Perhaps we can never evaluate the past in a fair manner, but we have to right to question it. A country should be open to confronting its history, or the historical baggage would become too heavy to bear.

And Fang Fangs novel inspired one Anhui reader to write about his family history:

My great-grandfather was a servant working for a landlord. Because he was smart and diligent, he opened his own woodwork and dyeing workshops, bought land and became rich. He was a rich peasant but not a landlord. But he was labelled as a landlord during the land reform because he was at odds with those who led the reform. When they calculated his property, they included the land owned by my great-grandmother's family. Her family was a landlord but the land was owned by her brothers and had nothing to do with him. It was an excuse for revenge. I don't know how my great-grandfather died, but my great-grandmother was starved to dead in her own bed.

The father of my great-grandfather was a literati in the late Qing Dynasty. He was a teacher his whole life and left behind loads of books. They were all burned into ashes during the land reform.

My grandfather was studying medicine and agriculture in high school in town. He was getting ready to go to Fudan University. But he was labelled as the son of landlord and had to return to the village and became a farmer. He taught briefly in the 1960s but because of that, he was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution.

My family background is that of peasants and literati. Because of the land reform, all the books were burned, land confiscated. There was no other exit for them. They had suffered for many decades and shed tears and blood and they could not even cry and tell their stories aloud!

Oiwan Lam | Global Voices

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China bans 'Soft Burial', a novel about deadly consequences of land reform - Business Standard

A Defense for Moral Absence – Daily Utah Chronicle

Christians vs. Mormons vs. Hindus vs. Democrats vs. Republicans vs. Alt-Rights vs. Utilitarians vs. Existentialists vs. [insert belief here]. Isnt it exhausting? The constant squabbling and never ending chain of opposing beliefs. All the debate and fracas about proving who knows best. For eons, humanity has waged wars, founded religions, established governments, etc., all in the name of moral justification.

What if there were no morals? Im not talking about atheism. Some religions and ethicists have circumvented the need for a god/goddess. I am talking about moral truths and laws of right and wrong. Do those exist? I am not going to sell my beliefs to you because I dont have any. Im a nihilist.

First off, lets make a distinction clear. Nihilism and atheism are two separate conclusions. Atheism denies the existence of any god(s) or goddess(es). Atheists are considered independent thinkers, counter-hegemonic, cosmopolitan chic. Of course, while it may be considered blasphemous in Bible Belt country, atheism today is more widely accepted than before. And to be an atheist doesnt necessarily make one a bad person. After all, they have other avenues to believe in like utilitarianism, existentialism or humanism. Greg Epstein, author and Humanist Chaplain at Harvard University, summarizes the beliefs of good atheists in a sentence from his book Good Without God: There is no life after death, so offer kindness to all, not in the next life but now. But where atheists depart from formal religion saying, We dont need a god to be good, I [and other nihilists] reply with Well who said good and bad are real, too?

Nihilism is the assertion that moral truths like good and evil, right and wrong, are as fictitious as the deities atheists denounce. Its no longer a question of deciding what is good and bad without the guidance of a preacher, it is just deciding there is no good or bad to choose from.

After this point, many misconceptions emerge on what being a nihilist means. Again, I am not selling my beliefs to you, but I want to address these common misconceptions of what nihilism entails. Believers have altars and politicians have pulpits to air their defenses. I have a laptop.

The following are common stereotypes and assumptions people make about what nihilism does to a person. Nihilists are considered destructive, untrustworthy, suicidal or just plain confused. That simply is not the case.

The Destructive Nihilist

A nihilist believes there is no true value in words like good and bad. Morality is a conventional tool which humanity created for itself, by itself. For opponents of nihilism, it follows then that nihilists are morally absent and a danger to society. They imagine nihilists murdering and bombing and so on because nihilists wouldnt know how to distinguish between good and bad actions.

My rebuttal: Why are nihilists categorized as inherently destructive? Yes, we dont believe in moral truths, but is demonizing nihilists truly founded? This assumption that nihilists are destructive seems to branch from the argument that people need religion or some equivalent to be a good person. If that is the case, explain the Crusades or ISIS to me. Explain how the most ruthless of kings and destructive of dictators can preach divine appointment or moral justification if its really the nihilists society should be worried about.

In short, having some moral belief is not sufficient on its own for one to be a productive, altruistic member of society. Ultimately, whether nihilist or otherwise, violent people will be violent. The concern is that humanity needs a big book or normative philosophy to prevent unnecessary violence, but that hasnt stopped killers and tyrants before. Just as the pendulum can swing from destructive to altruistic, nihilists can be either or somewhere in between. I choose to be altruistic not because I believe karma or moral goodness expects it, but because I choose to be altruistic for no other reason than to be giving. Nihilists arent all killers, just like how preachers arent all saints.

The Untrustworthy Nihilist

Apparently, you cant trust a nihilist either, at least that is what Ive heard. The stereotype of the deceitful nihilist seems to be concluded after considering if nihilists dont believe in good/bad then they have no ethical obligation to keep promises or duties. In other words, nihilists are liars that will not honor any commitments made with them.

My rebuttal: Liars lie, but not all nihilists are liars. Similar to the destructive nihilist double standard, this assumption implies moral believers dont lie because their morality obligates them to tell the truth. We all know thats not true, so again, belief in morality isnt enough for someone to be completely trustworthy. Some Methodists lie about email scandals and some Evangelical Christians institute scam colleges.

The point is that, again, morality alone isnt sufficient to keep an individual from deceitful behavior, so labeling nihilists as inherently untrustworthy is intellectually dishonest.

The Suicidal Nihilist

This is the idea that morality gives people a purpose in life, and that without it we are empty shells with the bleakest of outlooks. After all, if there is no true meaning to life or moral goodness, then what is there to live for?

My rebuttal: Is life not enough of a reason to live? I understand that life on Earth is no piece of cake. For some people, the world is a cruel, unjust, despicable place. But does it follow then that life is not a sufficient enough reason to live? Do we need some grand deity or moral tally score at the end of our lives to put meaning into living on Earth? I am comfortable with not having an afterlife or cosmic scoreboard tracking my good deeds. I dont feel the need to have my experiences on Earth be validated later on. I still appreciate life and people. I still find art beautiful, rainy days wonderful and cartoons magical. I look up to J. K. Rowling and Nathaniel Hawthorne as great writers, and my family and friends are dear to me. All these statements do not conflict with my belief in nothingness. I understand some may need a moral mission in life, but nihilists are not all suicidal for not having one.

The Fake Nihilist

No, Im not an atheist. No, Im not an existentialist. No, Im not a humanist. No, Im not an agnostic. Nihilism is a harsh position to relate to for many people. Its not like finding similarities between a pastor and rabbi or understanding the doubt of an atheist or agnostic. Nihilism throws everything out the door and rejects the basic concept of morality. Some people handle that by labeling us as confused. They refuse to dignify our belief in moral absence by properly recognizing it instead infantilizing our capability to understand nuanced philosophies and maturity to recognize our own beliefs.

My final rebuttal: Why are you threatened? How does my belief threaten your own spiritual autonomy? It is not as if I am frequenting your home regularly and asking to share the words of Friedrich Nietzsche. I do not set off across the globe in hopes of converting the religiously diverse into a homogenous network of global nihilism.

I respect the beliefs of my family (all of which are one variant of Christianity or another). I respect my friends identify as Buddhist, Muslim, Mormon, Catholic, etc. I do not degrade their beliefs by claiming they just havent figured it out yet or they are just confused. In the same way, I am not confused: I am a nihilist. I am just as capable of making that identification as the next fellow.

Nihilism may not be your cup of tea, and I am not asking for it to be. But in an age where religious tolerance and acceptance are widely paraded, dont forget that it is a diversity of thought that should be respected, not just religion.

letters@chronicle.utah.edu

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A Defense for Moral Absence - Daily Utah Chronicle

Withdrawing from the Paris Accord: Trump is behaving like a nihilist, not a nationalist – Los Angeles Times

To the editor: President Trump cited nationalism as his primary reason for withdrawing the United States from the Paris Climate Accord. (The clearest evidence yet that Trump is turning the U.S. into a force for bad in the world, editorial, June 1)

Nationalists are proud of their country and have a positive view of their future, although at some times badly skewed. I don't see any pride or positive energy coming from the Trump camp.

Instead, I would describe his action as one of nihilism, based on the historical definition of it is as the doctrine of an extreme Russian revolutionary party which found nothing to approve of in the established social order. The current attitude of Trump supporters is nothing more than tribal solipsism tinged with incoherence and unabashed greed.

Trump cant start to move the United States out of the Paris deal until 2019. A lot can happen between now and then, and given the pace of events since Trump was elected, it probably will.

Barbara Snider, Huntington Beach

..

To the editor: Thirty years ago, the international community understood the grave danger of ozone depletion and came together to sign the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Through this multinational effort, nations showed the benefit of working together for the common good and for the well-being of each nation in a globalized world.

As a result of this cooperation, the ozone layer over Antarctica has started to recover.

This spirit of cooperation was lost the moment Trump set our nation and the world on a backward course. Who would have imagined that 1987 would have been a more enlightened time than 2017?

Linda Shahinian, Culver City

..

To the editor: Europe and China are taking the lead on climate change. Since when did either of those two deserve to be a standard of moral authority?

I love Europe and have been there at least 30 times. But over the last 100-plus years, that continent has given us two world wars and the toxic trilogy of fascism, communism, and socialism, causing governments around the world to kill millions of their own people and impoverish even more. China has a similar moral history.

To be fair, Africa and the Middle East have also produced horrific states, but I really dont care if Uganda supports the Paris Accord.

David Goodwin, Los Angeles

..

To the editor: In the early 1970s, when I was in college, a friend and I spent a summer traveling throughout Europe and Israel. Because the United States was viewed poorly in light of the Vietnam War, we were advised to downplay the fact that we were Americans and pretend that we were actually Canadian.

Now, because of Trumps behavior (specifically his abysmal decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris Climate Accord), it is once again being suggested that while traveling abroad we would save ourselves a significant amount of ridicule if we laid low as Americans.

While most of us are unable to leave our current lives and become Canadians, it might be appropriate to, at least while abroad, pretend we are.

David Esquith, Northridge

..

To the editor: A note to our friends and allies worldwide:

Please realize that the majority of Americans do not support abandoning the Paris agreement, reducing our support of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, buddying up to Russia, verbally bullying our closest friends, canceling international trade agreements, building a border wall or banning people from certain Muslim-majority countries.

Only Trump and the most conservative people in his party are for this. Unfortunately, they are currently in control of our government.

We are as aghast as you are. In a few short years, Trump and his co-conspirators will be gone and this nightmare will be over. Please bear with us until we are able to return to normalcy and rejoin the international community in a spirit of universal cooperation.

Steven Levine, Mill Valley, Calif.

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Withdrawing from the Paris Accord: Trump is behaving like a nihilist, not a nationalist - Los Angeles Times

Changing This Bumbling Narcissist Impossible, So We Must Depose Him – Common Dreams


Common Dreams
Changing This Bumbling Narcissist Impossible, So We Must Depose Him
Common Dreams
What some see as a blind tendency to stumble into huge blunders I see as a kind of aggressive nihilism that is much more primed to stumble in some directions than others. If such an assumption is on the right track, it makes no sense to appeal to you ...

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Changing This Bumbling Narcissist Impossible, So We Must Depose Him - Common Dreams

What Is Nihilism? History, Profile, Philosophy and …

The term nihilism comes from the Latin word nihil which literally means nothing. Many believe that it was originally coined by Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev in his novel Fathers and Sons (1862) but it probably first appeared several decades earlier. Nevertheless, Turgenevs use of the word to describe the views he attributed to young intellectual critics of feudal society generally and the Tsarist regime, in particular, gave the word its widespread popularity.

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The basic principles which underlie nihilism existed long before there was a term that attempted to describe them as a coherent whole. Most of the basic principles can be found in the development of ancient skepticism among the ancient Greeks. Perhaps the original nihilist was Gorgias (483-378 BCE) who is famous for having said: Nothing exists. If anything did exist it could not be known. If it was known, the knowledge of it would be incommunicable.Read More...

Dmitri Pisarev Nikolai Dobrolyubov Nikolai Chernyshevski Friedrich Nietzsche

Nihilism has been unjustly regarded as a violent and even terroristic philosophy, but it is true that nihilism has been used in support of violence and many early nihilists were violent revolutionaries. Russian Nihilists, for example, rejected that traditional political, ethical, and religious norms had any validity or binding force on them.

They were too few in number to pose a threat to the stability of society, but their violence was a threat to the lives of those in power. Read More...

Atheism has long been closely associated with nihilism, both for good and for bad reasons, but usually for bad reasons in the writings of critics of both.

It is alleged that atheism necessarily leads to nihilism because atheism necessarily results in materialism, scientism, ethical relativism, and a sense of despair that must lead to feelings of suicide. All of these tend to be basic characteristics of nihilistic philosophies. Read More...

Many of the most common responses to the basic premises of nihilism come down to despair: despair over the loss of God, despair over the loss of objective and absolute values, and/or despair over the postmodern condition of alienation and dehumanization. That does not, however, exhaust all of the possible responses just as with early Russian Nihilism, there are those who embrace this perspective and rely upon it as a means for further development. Read More...

There is a common misconception that the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche was a nihilist. You can find this assertion in both popular and academic literature, yet as widespread as it is, it isnt an accurate portrayal of his work. Nietzsche wrote a great deal about nihilism, it is true, but that was because he was concerned about the effects of nihilism on society and culture, not because he advocated nihilism.

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Fathers and Sons, by Ivan Turgenev Brothers Karamazov, by Dostoyevsky Man Without Qualities, by Robert Musil The Trial, by Franz Kafka Being and Nothingness, by Jean-Paul Sartre

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What Is Nihilism? History, Profile, Philosophy and ...

Occupy Wall Street: Nihilism And Communism – The Liberty Conservative


The Liberty Conservative
Occupy Wall Street: Nihilism And Communism
The Liberty Conservative
Six years ago, what was known as the Occupy Wall Street movement situated itself in Zuccotti Park, which is located in the Wall Street district. The group of mostly millennials protested the worldwide economic inequality emanating from New York's ...

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Occupy Wall Street: Nihilism And Communism - The Liberty Conservative

Love, Western Nihilism and Revolutionary Optimism | Global … – Center for Research on Globalization

How dreadfully depressing life has become in almost all of the Western cities! How awful and sad.

It is not that these cities are not rich; they are. Of course things are deteriorating there, the infrastructure is crumbling and there are signs of social inequality, even misery, at every corner. But if compared to almost all other parts of the world, the wealth of the Western cities still appears to be shocking, almost grotesque.

The affluence does not guarantee contentment, happiness or optimism. Spend an entire day strolling through London or Paris, and pay close attention to people. You will repeatedly stumble over passive aggressive behavior, over frustration and desperate downcast glances, over omnipresent sadness.

In all those once great [imperialist] cities, what is missing is life. Euphoria, warmth, poetry and yes love are all in extremely short supply there.

Wherever you walk, all around, the buildings are monumental, and boutiques are overflowing with elegant merchandise. At night, bright lights shine brilliantly. Yet the faces of people are gray. Even when forming couples, even when in groups, human beings appear to be thoroughly atomized, like the sculptures of Giacometti.

Talk to people, and youll most likely encounter confusion, depression, and uncertainty. Refined sarcasm, and sometimes abogus urban politeness are like thin bandages that are trying to conceal the most horrifying anxieties and thoroughly unbearable loneliness of those lost human souls.

Purposelessness is intertwined with passivity. In the West, it is increasingly hard to find someone that is truly committed: politically, intellectually or even emotionally. Big feelings are now seen as frightening; both men and women reject them. Grand gestures are increasingly looked down upon, or even ridiculed. Dreams are becoming tiny, shy and always down to earth, and even those are lately extremely well concealed. Even to daydream is seen as something irrational and outdated.

***

To a stranger who comes from afar, it appears to be a sad, unnatural, brutally restrained and to a great extent, a pitiful world.

Tens of millions of adult men and women, some well educated, do not know what to do with their lives. They take courses or go back to school in order to fill the void, and to discover what they want to do with their lives. It is all self-serving, as there appear to be no greater aspirations. Most of the efforts begin and end with each particular individual.

Nobody sacrifices himself or herself for others, for society, for humanity, for the cause, or even for the other half, anymore. In fact, even the concept of the other half is disappearing. Relationships are increasingly distant, each person searching for his or her space, demanding independence even in togetherness. There are no two halves; instead there are two fully independent individuals, co-existing in a relative proximity, sometimes physically touching, sometimes not, but mostly on their own.

In the Western capitals, the egocentricity, even total obsession with ones personal needs, is brought to a surreal extreme.

Psychologically, it can only be described as a twisted and pathological world.

Surrounded by this bizarre pseudo reality, many otherwise healthy individuals eventually feel, or even become, mentally ill. Then, paradoxically, they embark on seekingprofessional help, so they can re-join the ranks of the normal, readthoroughly subdued citizens. In most cases, instead of continuously rebelling, instead of waging personal wars against the state of things, the individuals who are still at least to some extent different, get so frightened by being in the minority that they give up, surrender voluntarily, and identify themselves as abnormal.

Short sparks of freedom experienced by those who are still capable of at least some imagination, of dreaming about a true and natural world, get rapidly extinguished.

Then, in a short instant, everything gets irreversibly lost. It may appear as some horror film, but it is not, it is the true reality of life in the West.

I cannot function in such an environment for more than a few days. If forced, I could last in London or Paris for two weeks at most, but only while operating on some emergency mode,unable to write, to create and to function normally. I cannot imagine being in love in a place like that. I cannot imagine writing a revolutionary essay there. I cannot imagine laughing, loudly, happily, freely.

While briefly working in London, Paris or New York, the coldness, purposelessness, and chronic lack of passion and of all basic human emotions, is having a tremendously exhausting effect on me, derailing my creativity and drowning me in useless, pathetic existentialist dilemmas.

After one week there, Im simply beginning to get influenced by that terrible environment: Im starting to think about myself excessively, listening to my feelings, instead of considering the feelings of the others. My duties towards humanity get neglected. I put on hold everything that I otherwise consider essential. My revolutionary edge loses its sharpness. My optimism begins to evaporate. My determination to struggle for a better world begins to weaken.

This is when I know: it is time to run, to run away. Fast, very fast! It is time to pull myself from the stale emotional swamp, to slam the door behind the intellectual bordello, and to escape from the terrifying meaninglessness that is dotted with injured, even wasted lives.

I cannot fight for those people from within, only from outside. Our way of thinking and feeling do not match. When they get out and visit my universe, they bring with them resilient prejudices: they do not register what they see and hear, they stick to what they were indoctrinated with, for years and decades.

For me personally there are not many significant things that I can do in Western cities. Periodically, I come to sign one or two book contracts, to open my films, or to speak briefly at some university, but I dont see any point of doing much more. In the West, it is hard to find any meaningful struggle. Most struggles there are not internationalist; instead they are selfish, West-oriented in nature. Almost no true courage, no ability to love, no passion, and no rebellion remain. On closer examination, there is actually no life there; no life as we human beings used to perceive it, and as we still understand it in many other parts of the world.

***

Nihilism rules. Was this mental state, this collective illness something that has been inflicted on purpose by the regime? I dont know. I cannot yet answer this question. But it is essential to ask, and to try to understand.

Whatever it is, it is extremely effective negatively effective but effective nevertheless.

Carl Gustav Jung, a renowned Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist, diagnosed Western culture as pathological, right after WWII. But instead of trying to comprehend its own abysmal condition, instead of trying to get better, even well, Western culture is actually made to expand, to rapidly spread to many other parts of the world, dangerously contaminating healthy societies and nations.

It has to be stopped. I say it because I do love this life, the life, which still exists outside the Western realm; Im intoxicated with it, obsessed with it. I live it to the fullest, with great delight, enjoying every moment of it.

I know the world, from the Southern Cone of South America, to Oceania, the Middle East, to the most god-forsaken corners of Africa and Asia. It is a truly tremendous world, full of beauty and diversity, and hope.

The more I see and know, the more I realize that I absolutely cannot exist without a struggle, without a good fight, without great passions and love, and without purpose; basically without all that the West is trying to reduce to nothing, to make irrelevant, obsolete and ridiculous.

My entire being is rebelling against the awful nihilism and dark pessimism that is being injected almost everywhere by Western culture. Im violently allergic to it. I refuse to accept it. I refuse to succumb to it.

I see people, good people, talented people, wonderful people, getting contaminated, having their lives ruined. I see them abandoning great battles, abandoning their great loves. I see them choosing selfishness and their space and personal feelings over deep affection and inseparability, opting for meaningless careers over great adventures of epic battles for humanity and better world.

Lives are being ruined one by one, and by millions, every moment and every day. Lives that could have been full of beauty, full of joy, of love, full of adventure, of creativity and uniqueness, of meaning and purpose, but instead are reduced to emptiness, to nothingness, in brief: to thorough meaninglessness. People living such lives are performing tasks and jobs by inertia, respecting without questioning all behavior patterns ordered by the regime, and obeying countless grotesque laws and regulations.

They cannot walk on their own feet, anymore. They have been made fully submissive. It is over for them.

That is because the courage of the people in the West has been broken. It is because they have been reduced to a crowd of obedient subjects, submissive to the destructive and morally defunct Empire.

They have lost the ability to think for themselves. They have lost courage to feel.

As a result, because the West has such an enormous influence on the rest of the world, the entire humanity is in grave danger, is suffering, and is losing its natural bearing.

***

In such a society, a person overflowing with passion, a person fully committed and true to his or her cause can never be taken seriously. It is because in a society like this, only deep nihilism and cynicism are accepted and respected.

In such a society, a revolution or a rebellion could hardly go beyond the pub or a living room couch.

A person, who is still capable of loving in such an emotionally constipating and twisted environment, is usually seen as a buffoon, even as a suspicious and sinister element. It is common for him or for her to be ridiculed and rejected.

Obedient and cowardly masses hate those who are different. They distrust people who stand tall and who are still capable of fighting, people who know perfectly well what their goals are, people who do and not just talk, and those who find it easy to throw their entire life, without the slightest hesitation, at the feet of a beloved person or an honorable cause.

Such individuals terrify and irritate those suave, submissive and shallow crowds in Western capitals.As a punishment, they get deserted and divorced, ostracized, socially exiled and demonized. Some end up getting attacked, even thoroughly destroyed.

The result is: there is no culture,anywhere on Earth,so banal and so obedient as that which is now regulating the West. Lately, nothing of revolutionary intellectual significance is flowing from Europe and North America, as there are hardly any detectable unorthodox ways of thinking or perceptions of the world there.

The dialogues and debates are flowing only through fully anticipated and well-regulated channels, and needless to say they fluctuate only marginally and through the fully pre-approved frequencies.

***

What is on the other side of the barricade?

I dont want to glorify our revolutionary countries and movements.

I dont even want to write that we are the exact oppositeof that entire nightmare that has been created by the West. We are not. And we are far from being perfect.

But we are alive if not always well, we are standing, trying to advance this wonderful project called humanity, attempting to save our planet from Western imperialism, its nihilist gloom, as well as absolute environmental disaster.

We are considering many different ways forward. We have never rejected Socialism and Communism, and we are studying various moderate and controlled forms of capitalism. The advantages and disadvantages of the so-called mixed economy are being discussed and evaluated.

We fight, but because we are much less brutal, orthodox and dogmatic than the West, we often lose, as we recently (and hopefully only temporarily) lost in Brazil and Argentina. We also win, again and again. As this essay goes to print, we are celebrating in Ecuador and El Salvador.

Unlike in the West, in such places like China, Russia and Latin America, our debates aboutthe political and economic future are vibrant, even stormy. Our art is engaged, helping to search for the best humanist concepts. Our thinkers are alert, compassionate and innovative, and our songs and poems are great, full of passion and fire, overflowing with love and longing.

Our countries do not steal from anyone; they dont overthrow governments in the opposite parts of the world, they do not undertake massive military invasions. What we have is ours; it is what we have created, produced and sown with our own hands. It is not always much, but we are proud of it, because no one had to die for it, and no one had to be enslaved.

Our hearts are purer. They are not always absolutely pure, but purer than those in the West are. We do not abandon those whom we love, even if they fall, get injured, or cannot walk any longer. Our women do not abandon their men, especially those who are in the middle of fighting for a better world. Our men do not abandon their women, even when they are in deep pain or despair. We know whom and what we love, and we know whom and what we hate: in this we rarely get confused.

We are much simpler than those living in the West. In many ways, we are also much deeper.

We respect hard work, especially work that helps to improve the lives of millions, not just our own lives, or the lives of our families.

We try to keep our promises. We dont always succeed in keeping them, as we are only humans, but we are trying, and most of the times we are managing to.

Things are not always exactly like this, but often they are. And when things are like this, it means that there is at least some hope and optimism and often even great joy.

Optimism is essential for any progress. No revolution could succeed without tremendous enthusiasm, as no love could. No revolution and no love could be built on depression and defeatism.

Even in the middle of the ashes to which imperialism has reduced our world, a true revolutionary and a true poet canal ways at least find some hope. It will not be easy, not easy at all, but definitely not impossible. Nothing is ever lost in this life, for as long as our hearts are beating.

***

The state in which our world is right now is dreadful. It often feels that one more step in a wrong direction, another false turn, and everything will finally collapse, irreversibly. It is easy, extremely easy, to give up, to throw everything up into the air, and to land on a couch with a six-pack of beer, or to simply declare there is nothing that can be done, and then resume ones meaningless life routine.

Western nihilism has already done its devastating work: it has landed tens of millions of thinking beings on their proverbial couches of defeatism. It has spread pessimism and gloom, and a general belief that things can never improve, anymore. It has maneuvered people into refusing to accept labels, into rejecting progressive ideologies, and into a pathological distrust of any power. The all politicians are the same slogan could be translated clearly into:

We all know that our Western rulers are gangsters, but do not expect anything else from those in other parts of the world. All people are the same reads: The West has been plundering and murdering hundreds of millions, but dont expect anything better from Asians, Latin Americans or Africans.

This irrational, cynical negativism already domesticated in virtually all countries of the West, and has successfully been exported to many colonies, even to such places as Afghanistan, where people have been suffering incessantly from crimes committed by the West.

Its goal is evident: to prevent people from taking action and to convince them that any rebellion is futile. Such attitudes are brutally choking all hopes.

In the meantime, collateral damage is mounting. Metastases of the passivity and nihilistic cancers which are being spread by the Western regime are already attacking even that very human ability to love, to commit to a person or to a cause, and to stand by ones pledges and obligations.

In the West and in its colonies, courage has lost its entire luster. The Empire has managed to reverse the whole scale of human values, which was firmly and naturally in place on all the continents and in all cultures, for centuries and millennia. All of a sudden, submission and obedience have come to vogue.

It often feels that if the trend is not reversed soon, people will increasingly start live like mice: constantly scared, neurotic, unreliable, depressed, passive, unable to identify true greatness, and unwilling to join those who are still pulling our world and humanity forward.

Billions of lives will get wasted. Billions of lives are already being wasted.

Some of us write about invasions, coups and dictatorships imposed by the Empire. However, almost nothing is being written about this tremendous and silent genocide that is breaking the human spirit and optimism, throwing entire nations into a dark depression and gloom. But it is taking place, even as these lines are being penned. It is happening everywhere, even in such places as London, Paris and New York, or more precisely, especially there.

In those unfortunate places, fear of great emotions has already been deeply rooted. Originality, courage and determination are now evoking fear. Great love, great gestures and unorthodox dreams are all observed with panic and mistrust.

But no progress, no evolution is possible without entirely unconventional ways of thinking, without the revolutionary spirit, without great sacrifices and discipline, without commitment, and without that most powerful and most daring set of emotions, which is called love.

The demagogues and propagandists of the Empire want us to believe that something ended; they want us to accept defeat.

Why should we? There is no defeat anywhere on the horizon.

There are only two separate realities, two universes, into which our world had been shattered into: one of Western nihilism, another of revolutionary optimism.

I have already described the nihilism, but what do I imagine when I dream about that better, different world?

Do I envision red flags and people forming closed ranks, charging against some lavish palaces and stock exchanges? Do I hear loud revolutionary songs blasted from loudspeakers?

I actually do not. What comes to my mind is essentially very quiet and natural, human and warm.

There is a park near the old train station in the city of Granada, Nicaragua. I visited it some time ago. There, several old trees are throwing fantastic shadows on the ground, providing a desirable shade. Into a few big metal columns are engraved the most beautiful poems ever written in this country, while in between those columns stand simple but solid park benches. I sat on one of them. Not far from me, a couple of ageing lovers was holding hands, reading cheek to cheek from an open book. They were so close that they appeared to be forming a simple and totally self-sufficient universe. Above them were the shining verses written by Ernesto Cardenal, one of my favorite Latin American poets.

I also recall two Cuban doctors, sitting on a very different bench, thousands of miles away, chatting and laughing next to two goodhearted and corpulent nurses, after performing a complex surgery in Kiribati, an island nation lost in the middle of South Pacific.

I remember many things, but they are never monumental, only human. Because that is what revolution really is, I think: a couple of ageing peasants in a beautiful public park, both of them in love, holding hands, reading poetry to each other. Or two doctors travelling to the end of the world, just in order to save lives, far from the spotlight and fame.

And I always remember my dear friend, Eduardo Galeano, one of the greatest revolutionary writers of Latin America, telling me in Montevideo, about his eternal love for his wonderful lady calledReality.

Then I think: no, we cannot lose. We are not going to lose. The enemy is mighty and many people are weak and scared, but we will not allow the world to be converted into a mental asylum. Well fight for each and every person who has been affected, and drowned in gloom.

Well expose the abnormality and perversity of Western nihilism. Well fight it with our revolutionary enthusiasm and optimism, and we will use the greatest weapons, such as poetry and love.

***

Andre Vltchekis a philosopher, novelist, filmmaker and investigative journalist. He has covered wars and conflicts in dozens of countries. Three of his latest books are revolutionary novel Aurora and two bestselling works of political non-fiction: Exposing Lies Of The Empire and Fighting Against Western Imperialism. View his other books here. Andre is making films for teleSUR and Al-Mayadeen. Watch Rwanda Gambit, his groundbreaking documentary about Rwanda and DRCongo. After having lived in Latin America, Africa and Oceania, Vltchek presently resides in East Asia and the Middle East, and continues to work around the world. He can be reached through hiswebsite and his Twitter.

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Love, Western Nihilism and Revolutionary Optimism | Global ... - Center for Research on Globalization

We’re all political nihilists now – Washington Post

Senate Republicans took the "nuclear option," to break the filibuster on Supreme Court nominee Neil Gorsuch on April 6, and both parties pointed fingers at the other for the divisive rules change. (Jenny Starrs/The Washington Post)

The Senate just went nuclear. After Democrats successfully filibustered Neil Gorsuch's Supreme Court nomination Thursday morning, Republicans simply reduced the threshold for Supreme Court picks from 60 votes to a majority very likely changing the Senate forever.

Republicans cite Democrats' 2013 move to nuke the filibusterfor non-Supreme Court nominees to justify their actions, and Democrats cite the GOP's obstruction of Merrick Garland last year to justify their highly unusual filibuster. Both have extremely valid points.

But the truth is that it's all a rather predictable result. And the causes aren'tjust the things we often cite, like polarization, gerrymandering or fatefulmaneuvers by our leaders; it's also about our increasing political nihilism.

In announcing his clearly reluctant decision to support the filibuster this week, former Senate Judiciary Committee chairman Patrick J. Leahy (D-Vt.)conceded that the Senate he had served in for four decades had simply changed. I cannot vote solely to protect an institution, he said. I fear that the Senate I would be defending no longer exists.

Sen. Leahy (D-Vt.) delivered a strong rebuke of the changing partisanship in the Senate on April 3. "I fear that the Senate I would be defending no longer exists," he said of the impending GOP decision to change filibuster rules over Judge Gorsuch's Supreme Court nomination. "I will not, I cannot support advancing this nomination." (Reuters)

Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.), meanwhile,said anyone who thinks the nuclear option is a good thing is a stupid idiot two days before he voted to go nuclear.

Both of these senators and plenty of others projected profound reluctance about the steps they were embarking upon, but they still went through with it of their own volition. They hadn't changed, they insisted, but the other side had forced their hands. The Senate just wasn't what it once was.

More realistically, though, it's our politics that aren't what they once were. Fewer and fewer things are sacred, and political norms are being cast aside in the name of base politics with an alarming frequency. President Trump certainly cast a spotlight upon this trend and exploited it but it was already happening.

Democratsprobably wouldn't have filibustered Gorsuch if not for the immense pressure they received from their base. There were multiple times when a Democratic senator sounded as though he or she didn't want to filibuster Leahy and Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.), specifically and were forced to quicklyclarify that their stances were in line with the base.

So they launched what was basically an unprecedented filibuster. No, the filibuster wasn'tcompletely unprecedented as The Fix's own Amber Phillips reported,a mostly partisan filibuster blocked Abe Fortas's nomination to be chief justice a half-century ago butit was completely unusual in that Gorsuch didn't seem to have any disqualifying attributes, and it wasn't a lame-duck president's nominee. And in doing so, Democrats repeatedly and misleadinglyevangelized the 60-vote standard.

Going back to 2013, Democrats only invoked their nuclear option after Republicans spent the better part of the Obama presidency wielding the filibuster with unprecedented frequencyagainst his nominees. Republicans often argued that President Barack Obama's liberalism was unprecedented, so it must be met with such unprecedented obstructionism.

And last year, Republicans wouldn't even allow Obama's nomination of Garland a hearing, justifying this by citing a so-called Biden Rule that wasn't really that analogous. It was a nakedly partisan ploy, and it worked. Democrats tried hard to make it an issue in the 2016 election but quickly gave up.

The common link between all of these isthateach step was outwardly justifiable to the party that was taking it, and that justification was good enough for partisans even if it didn't hold water, strictly speaking. It was a gray area that politicians gladly exploited and that their bases, in fact, demanded they exploit. In none of these cases did breaking with political norms alienate anyone in the party's increasingly loyal bases, and in none of them did the gambit seem to have an appreciable effect on the political middle.

Against that backdrop and going forward, it's not difficult to see how the two parties believe they can justify any nakedly political moves. And the unraveling of these traditions is a slippery slope, in which both parties just assume the other side will probably take the next step when they're in power, so why wait?

The only things standing in their way now are tradition and a sense of thecollective good. And tradition doesn't seem to count for much anymore.

The rest is here:

We're all political nihilists now - Washington Post

What Colony Gets Right About Living in an Apocalypse – Gizmodo

Her chance of survival on Colony is slightly higher than on The Walking Dead. (Image: USA Network)

I gave up on The Walking Dead back in season two. While I like bleak slogs toward the extinction of mankind as much as the next girl, it had started to feel like the show had no interest in moving forward, and no interest in building a larger storyline. But imagine if it did? That is Colony.

The USA Network show, in which the citizens of Los Angeles are forced to live in a walled version of the city after an alien invasion, will end its second season tonight in a much bleaker place than it began. (Earlier this week, it was renewed for a third season.) And while we all enjoy cheer, this shows brand of gut-punching reality is as refreshing as it is shocking.

In Colonys first season, you were certain in every episode that the writers knew exactly where the show was headed, and it didnt hesitate in introducing a messy idealogical war between the primary characters. But the show also seemed poised to expand its world greatly by the season finale. Instead, season two emphasized claustrophobia.

Weve gotten more glimpses of the world beyond the walled city of LA, including extended stays in a hellish version of Santa Monica, and brief jaunts to Europe. Yet Earth is besieged by aliens who can incinerate with a look. They have all the power, have corralled all the citizens, and now its just a matter of destroying us in as expedient and useful a matter possible.

Another change this season: Colony gave humanity a ticking clock thats upped the stakes, and allowed the show to cut away any excess fat. Every storyline has a purpose and (so far) a payoff. From two sisters forced to choose between rebellion and collaboration, to two children challenged by their complacencythe show is pulling no punches and is taking its stories to their natural, and awful, ends. The plots have also been punctuated by shocking violence, the kind youd expect in a world where everyones number is going to come up before the series is over.

Whats more, Colony is a god damn bloodbath this season, and it has elevated a previously tame little alien invasion yarn into something deliciously rare and exciting. In an early season two episode, Colony featured one of the bleakest suicides on television. A few weeks ago I watched a likable side character pulverized into mist by an alien drone. Then another one exploded in a ball of fire. Two evil characters caught bullets in brutally shocking moments, and one poor schlub, well out of their league, was heartbreakingly murdered by their friends.

Ive never exactly understood the enduring appeal of The Walking Dead. The makeup is cool, and the violence is nice, but its a show steeped in nihilism and its made it difficult for me to engage. Colony is a very similar show in that the violence is well shot (at one point, theres a 10-minute tracking shot thats a beautiful combination of Children of Men and your favorite first person shooter) and its characters are all doomed.

But it still finds a bit of hope in each episode, and scrubs away just enough nihilism each week to give us a glimpse of the humans beneath that engenders that hopelessness. If youre wondering what the slow crawl towards the apocalypse might look like, Colony is giving you a great glimpse right now.

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What Colony Gets Right About Living in an Apocalypse - Gizmodo

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences’ Four Big Critiques – China Digital Times

In June 2014, a senior inspector from the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection(the Partys top graft watchdog) warned thatthe Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) (an influential government think tank) had beeninfiltrated by foreign forces.This accusation came as two hallmark campaigns of the Xi Jinping administration were gaining momentum:Xisongoing Party corruption cleanup, and adrive to enforce ideological orthodoxythroughout both the Party and society.The warning of infiltration at CASS came afteraleaked internal Party memo known as Document No. 9exposed Xis ideological priorities: to resist false ideological trends, positions, and activities, including Western constitutional democracy, universal values, Western ideas of journalism, andhistorical nihilism. (Journalist Gao Yu was sentenced to seven years in prison in 2015 for allegedly leaking the document, but has since been granted medical releaseto serve the remainder of areducedsentenceunder house arrest.) Earlier, as hewas in the middle of his gradual accession to top Party and State leader, Xi hadwarned that aprimary reason for the collapse of the USSRwas due to their ideals and beliefs having been shaken.

Since the revelation of Document No. 9, Xi has overseen many related campaigns aimed at preserving Party ideas and beliefs.Xi hasreinforced Mao-era Party views on the role of the media,cracked down on liberal microbloggers, and subjected Chinese reporters tomandatory training in the Marxist view of journalism.Meanwhile, the nationsinstitutes of higher learning have seen a campaign against Western values,and a series oflegislation has been passed in effort to maintain ideological security.

Since CASS saw its ranks questioned, the think tank has been hard at work promoting the ideological orthodoxy that Xis policies have aimed at. On Weibo last month, user @TongZongjin (@) shared images and prefaces to CASS essay anthologies rallying against some of the undesirable ideological trends outlined in Document No. 9. The first CASS volume, published in December 2015, focuses on essays critiquinghistorical nihilism. Theterm, which came into favor in China after the pro-democracy movement of1989,essentially meansany telling of history that could challenge the inevitability of Chinese socialism orChinas correct place along that trajectory. CDThas translated the preface:

Edited by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Chinese Social Science Press

The leadership of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) places the highest degree of importance on the analysis, research, and critique of the current intellectual trend towards historical nihilism, and strives to actively engage in an unyielding struggle against this mistaken historical nihilist trend. Every year, in dealing with the problem of mistaken historical nihilism, my department takes the initiative on official media channels to make use of our willingness to speak out, and our aptitude for speaking out. At the same time, we make use of our full array of theoretical academic publishing and broadcasting platforms (newspapers, journals, websites, conferences and roundtables) to continue to put out a series of critical theoretical essays: This year alone we have completed more than one hundred works on this topic, setting the stage for a large-scale and influential public debate, and confirming our unequivocal opposition to mistaken historical nihilism. Using a critical approach, we have systematically exposed and profoundly explicated the fundamental character, danger, and means of expressing of historical nihilism, while establishing correct historical perspectives and ceaselessly strengthening the freedom of expression and freedom of influence of Marxist ideology and philosophy within the sphere of social science research. We have firmly asserted our right not only to engage in ideological work, but to manage and speak out on the work of others. These efforts have been met with widespread support from academic circles and individuals high and low, earning the overwhelming approval and praise of cadres of every rank.

In the struggle against historical nihilism and many other mistaken intellectual trends, the leadership of my department places the highest degree of importance on the cultivation of Marxist ideology for our leading cadres, in addition to the political studies and theoretical ideological education for our researchers and staff. To this end, we have organized annual book clubs for local leading cadres; implemented education courses for management level and above cadres; required ideological studies and Marxist theory composition courses for our entire staff; ideological research think tanks; and Marxist internet armies. These efforts form the basis of a nascent vanguard of Marxist and Party ideological workers.

Many of the essays in this collection were written and published by comrades from our organization or professional scholars from affiliated work units; others were composed by external scholars. Our goal in editing this book was to help strengthen our cadres grasp of historical materialism and make clear the fundamental character and danger of the intellectual trend, dispelling doubts and explaining away confusion, sorting sources, unifying our thinking, and improving our cognitive goals.

End of preface.

[Name Unclear]

Director and Party Secretary, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

December 8, 2015

[Chinese]

A prominent development in the Partys campaign against historical nihilism was the takeover last summer of the traditionally liberal journal Yanhuang Chunqiu. A former editor of the journal was also found guilty of defamation for questioning the orthodox account of one episode of revolutionary martyrdom, while blogger Sun Jie (aka Zuoyeben) was ordered to apologize and pay a symbolic one yuan in compensation for mocking two others. In February, two men were sentenced to three-and-a-half and five years in prison for distributing banned books including a history of the Partys rise to power. The landmark unified civil code whose preamble was a centerpiece of last months National Peoples Congress gathering seems set to institutionalize the war on historical nihilism: one controversial clause makes it a civil offense to harm the name, likeness, reputation or glory of heroes and martyrs.

The three volumes Critical Essays on Neoliberalism, Critical Essays on the Theory of Universal Values, and Critical Essays on the Concept of Western Constitutional Democracy,were each published in June 2016 withthe identical preface, translated below:

The actual progress of world history demonstrates that the eventual fate of a given nation or people is largely decided by whatever guiding ideology, social system, or path to development is chosen. Facing a new situation wherein our cultural ideology is undergoing a process of exchange, blending, and confrontation, the paramount task facing the frontlines of philosophical social science is not only to persist in upholding Marxism as our guiding ideology, but to engage in meaningful critiques of universal values, the concept of constitutional democracy, neoliberalism, historical nihilism, democratic socialism, and other mistaken ideologies from this position. We must place unfailing faith in the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, matched with an equal degree of faith in our theories, and faith in our systems.

After the Cold War ended, operating under the aegis of what the West calls universal values, one country after another was toyed with and torn apart, some falling into the flames of war, others to everyday chaos: Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Libya, and Yemen are all classic examples. What is clear is that what the system of Western capitalist values brought to these countries was not the gospel or salvation but instead unmitigated unrest and disaster. The cruel lesson learned by these countries and regions demonstrates that there are no such thing as eternal values which can be universally applied to all societies, all countries, and all peoples.

Values have always been a product of the historical conditions of a specific social, economic, and political realities; and every value is specific, historical, transformative, and inseparable from certain socio-economic and political relationships. So-called abstract universal values, superseding social class and history alike, cannot independently exist in the real world. The universal values advocated by certain individuals contain an implicit political position and definite attempt: they are an ideological trap, aimed at our nation, with the goal of destroying the status of Marxism and replacing it with the ideology of the Western bourgeoisie. They are a fundamental negation of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), a negation of the guiding status of Marxism, a negation of the state system of the peoples democratic dictatorship, and a negation of the socialist system.

In recent years, constitutional democracy has emerged in the ideological circles of our nation as another mistaken intellectual trend. Against the backdrop of the Party Central Committees comprehensive deployment of its rule by law strategy, certain individuals have seized this opportunity to intentionally confuse rule by law, rule by constitution, and constitutional power with the fundamentally different Western concept of constitutional democracy.

The development of the political ideal of constitutional democracy accompanied the emergence of Western capitalism, gradually developing into the mainstream political and systematic position of the Western bourgeoisie class. It would not be an exaggeration to say that it defines the national ideology, political mode, and institutional design of Western bourgeoisie. But the constitutional democracy they advocate for in reality completely negates our nations socialist rule by law, our socialist system, our national system of a peoples democratic dictatorship under the leadership of the CCP, and replaces it with Western capitalist concepts and methods of rule by law, enacting a tripartite separation of powers, a multiparty system, and a parliamentary system. In other words, a capitalist system with a dictatorship of the bourgeoisie.

Constitutional democracy clearly does not represent some form of universal democracy or even a universal value because it cannot be used as the system of rule in every county. Our nation is a socialist nation with a specific history and unique realities. What system or methods are appropriate for our nation should be decided by the national circumstances of our nation. Simply copying the political system or political methods of another country would be pointless, and might even have dire consequences for the future of our nation. China is a socialist nation and a developing superpower. We must make use of the beneficial aspects of foreign political civilizations, but never at the cost of abandoning the fundamental political system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

The intellectual trend of neo-liberalism entered our nation during the reform and opening period [of the 1980s]. At its most essential, neo-liberalism is the ideological position of the Western bourgeoisie, representing the core concerns and values of the global economic monopoly of capital. By advocating for complete privatization, total marketization, absolute liberalization, and global unification, it establishes a global arena of an international economic monopoly of capital headed by America.

After economists in the Western economic capital monopolies of England and America were won over to neo-liberalism, what was once a purely economic system began to adopt a whole series of policies and behaviors advocating for specific ideological positions, concurrent with the rapid spread of neoliberalism across Latin America, Asia and Africa, and Eastern Europe. In the early 90s, the side-effects of neoliberalism first started to become apparent: serious harm was done to the economies of a series of neo-liberal countries, leading to social unrest and unspeakable hardship for the common people. In 2007, the subprime mortgage crisis exploded in America, eventually cascading into a global economic crisis.

For the past decade, wanting to kick start their economies while avoiding the developmental difficulties tied to economic deflation, major Western countries beginning with America have found themselves forced to approve ever larger government stimulus packages, infrastructure investments, and other interventionist policies. One might say that the global economic crisis, having its origin in Americas economic disaster, announced the complete bankruptcy of neoliberalism. This bankruptcy demonstrates that contemporary capitalism has not fundamentally solved the inherent contradiction which exists between socialized and private production. Periodic economic crises are an unavoidable product of this fundamental contradiction of capitalism. It is precisely because socialist market economics employs a different model, wherein the means of production are held communally, that economic crises are not only avoidable, but also predictable. The success of socialism with Chinese characteristics tells us that it is only the close integration of an allocation system based on communal ownership with market economics, making good use of the visible hand and invisible hand, that can express the true superiority of the socialist system.

[Chinese]

Translation by Nick.

See the article here:

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Four Big Critiques - China Digital Times