8 Ways Cruising Could Look Different in 2030 (Just 10 Years From Now) – Cruzely.com

The cruise industry is constantly changing, and the next decade promises to see the biggest changes ever.

How much can change in just a few years? Consider that at the beginning of 2010, nine of the ten currently largest cruise ships in the world had yet to set sail.

Ten years before that at the start of the year 2000 Galveston, Texas, had yet to be a departure port for cruises. Today it is the largest cruise port outside of Florida.

In other words, what can happen in just a few short years can dramatically change the landscape. Given that its the start of a new decade, we thought it would be fun to explore what passengers might expect as we head through the next 10 years.

This is a hint of what cruising in 2030 could look like

Theres no doubt that the trend in cruising is toward larger vessels. In this metric Royal Caribbean leads the way with the four largest cruise ships in the world, and five of the largest ten.

But other cruise lines are catching up, with lines like MSC, Norwegian, and Carnival all building their largest ships too. During the next decade we expect every line to continue to build out their fleet with ships that dwarf their older fleet. In other words, the average ship on each major line will continue to get larger.

That said, we dont think the largest cruise ships will get much larger. For now it seems that the size of the largest ships has reached a plateau. Royal Caribbeans Oasis of the Seas was built in 2009 and still ranks as the third-largest in the world. It has two sister-ships that are marginally larger (less than 1% based on tonnage).

While the average ship will continue to get larger, that doesnt mean you should say goodbye to smaller ship cruising. In fact, the bigger ships are likely to lead a surge in interest in more intimate cruise lines and ships.

Over the past decade theres been a big interest in smaller vessels that provide a much different experience than what youll find on the big lines. From simply being easier to navigate to offering itineraries with smaller ports of call, smaller ships have a lot to offer.

Combine that with the alternative being ships carrying up to 6,000 passengers and its clear that larger cruise ships on other lines can actually be a positive for lines offering small-ship cruising.

Cruise lines know that not everyone likes being just another passenger on a cruise ship with 5,000 other people. So how do you attract those looking for a special experience when you have a huge cruise ship?

You build a resort within the resort.

Norwegian is perhaps best-known for this with its Haven area that includes higher-end cabins, an exclusive restaurant, pool, and other private areas. We are seeing other lines move in this direction and expect to see more of it over the next decade. For example, Carnival offers its Havana cabins and the Family Harbor cabins on its Vista-class ships.

These different spaces are a win-win for the cruise line. They allow them to charge more money for certain spaces on the ship while also keeping passengers that might have otherwise gone to a smaller cruise line.

While cruise lines have competed with each other with larger ships, its not until recently that the battle has moved to land. More specifically, were talking about private islands.

While cruise lines have had private islands for their passengers for decades, it was the recent $250 million renovation of Royal Caribbeans CocoCay that changed the landscape. Complete with the largest pool in the Caribbean and the tallest waterslide in North America, the redesigned island is so much more than just a sleepy island with a nice beach.

Over the next decade we expect that all the other lines will completely renovate their own islands to try to meet or beat CocoCay. In fact, weve already seen Norwegian offer a new Silver Cove area (a private retreat) on its island, and heard whispers that more plans are in the works.

While many people think of cruises as offering everything all-inclusive, those days are largely gone. Today there are extra charges for many things on cruise ships. From specialty restaurants to some activities to room service, the number of things with extra charges has grown dramatically.

Today, cruise lines make about a third of their revenue with onboard spending. Meanwhile, many consumers have grown accustomed to extra charges for things that used to be complimentary in all walks of life, such as baggage fees for airports.

In other words, it wont surprise us to continue to see more fees and charges on cruise ships in the coming years (perhaps baggage fees?). This could also include free levels of service but charges for better service or priority access.

Cruise lines know that passengers dont like being nickeled-and-dimed. At the same time, the opportunity to earn more money is enticing (cruise lines are public companies after all). So whats the solution?

We think that in the next decade cruise lines will offer more all-inclusive options for a price.

Instead of paying a low fare and then having to pay for things like drinks, restaurants, Internet and more, what if passengers instead had an extra fee they could pay and get anything they wanted without another charge?

Weve seen some cruise lines asking about this sort of setup in surveys, and a few already have sales with extras included. During the next decade we expect that youll be able to pay a flat surcharge and get all the extras included in your fare.

Its no surprise that cruising is likely to become more green in the next ten years. Seemingly every industry is trying to be more environmentally-friendly. Meanwhile, the cruise lines have slowly but surely moved that way recently.

We are starting to see the arrival of ships that burn cleaner fuels and the elimination of single-use plastics on some ships and lines.

In the next decade this trend is likely to accelerate. For instance, Virgin Voyages set to launch in 2020 has already said they wont have single-use plastics on their ships starting day one.

Florida is the capital of cruising and that wont change in the next decade. However, as fleets continue to grow as does the popularity of cruising that will mean departures from more ports around the country.

We mentioned earlier how Galveston went from nothing about 20 years ago to the fourth-largest cruise port in the United States today. But there are lots of smaller ports around the country such as Los Angeles, Seattle, New York, Charleston, Mobile, New Orleans, Baltimore and others.

With growing cruise line fleets, these less-serviced ports should see more and larger ships over time. Los Angeles, for instance, recently welcomed the Carnival Panorama Carnivals newest ship in its fleet.

This is a great thing for those who live within driving distance of a port outside of Florida. Without having to pay for airfare to a port, taking a cruise is considerably cheaper.

What would you like to see in the next 10 years? Let us know in the comments below

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8 Ways Cruising Could Look Different in 2030 (Just 10 Years From Now) - Cruzely.com

The Best Beaches From Around the World – MoneyWise.com

1. La Chiva Beach, Vieques, Puerto Rico

Beautiful Puerto Rico is a short flight from most of the continental United States, but youll be feeling like a VIP when you make a stop at ultra-secluded La Chiva Beach on the small Puerto Rican island of Vieques.

Its not just the long, thin stretch of white sand and stunning blue waters that make what the U.S. Navy once called "Blue Beach" an ideal spot for honeymooners. Newlyweds also will love how this beach tends to draw few tourists.

Youll be cozying it up all by yourselves in the warm Vieques sun.

Snorkelers and marine life enthusiasts will enjoy observing the wildlife in one of the beachs many small cays, or for an additional cost hiring a guide to take them around the islands hidden underwater trails.

On Whitehaven Beach, youll feel like youre on a deserted island, but in a good way.

Accessible only by boat, catamaran or seaplane, this secluded island beach is located off Whitsunday Island, right in the heart of the Great Barrier Reef.

The dazzling 4 miles of white sand, made of 98% silica, provides a stunning contrast against the vivid blue waters and the neon-green tropical forest. Take a boat cruise or a guided seaplane ride around the island to observe the stunning vegetation in all its glory.

Whitehaven Beach is considered one of the most unspoiled beaches on the planet, and boasts nearly 300 days of pure sunlight, making this the ultimate beach destination year-round.

This slice of paradise in the Ionians can only be accessed by boat, but many travelers will tell you its well worth the trouble.

Navagio Beach, on the island of Zakynthos in Greece, is also known as Shipwreck Beach. The reason behind the name is the Freightliner MV Panagiotis ran aground on the shore in the 1980s. Its still there today, so be prepared to take some one-of-a-kind selfies with this piece of history.

Sunbathers will enjoy postcard-perfect views on the pristine white sand, where the reflection from the water makes the towering limestone cliffs look like theyre made of pure gold.

Those with nerves of steel can take their experience to new heights with guided base-jumping off the islands cliffs.

Crystal blue waters gently caressing 12 miles of white sandy shores, 350 days of sunshine on average and nearly untouched land these are just a few of the reasons Grace Bay in the Turks and Caicos is one of the most famous beaches in the world.

Visiting this little secluded paradise will give beachgoers the chance to relax and take in the breathtaking beauty of the island.

Go for a bit of snorkeling and observe marine wildlife in its natural habitat, because just off the shore theres a rainbow colored reef thats home to thousands of sea animals.

The reef also acts as a shelter against the oceans powerful swells, meaning snorkeling is open to people of all skill levels.

Palm trees, rugged rocks, dark blue waters and plush sand are just a few of the key features of Bathsheba Beach, on the Caribbean island of Barbados.

Home to some of the worlds most famous surfing competitions (like the Association of Paddlesurf Professionals Barbados Pro surfing competition), the island offers experienced surfers ample opportunities to catch some killer waves.

While the water is a little too choppy for light swimming, beachgoers can enjoy watching the Soup Bowl, where gigantic waves crash against the islands large boulders to create a stunning visual effect.

Bathsheba Beach is the perfect intimate place to spend a day having a picnic or a kite race. Just make sure you stick around until sunset, where youll experience some of the most magnificent color palettes on planet Earth.

Located about a half-hour from Honolulu, this secluded beach is one of the most beautiful locations in Hawaii, with magnificent untouched wildlife and perfect weather all year.

Lanikai in the native language means heavenly sea which is the perfect way to describe the plush white sand and tranquil blue waters that are ideal for swimming and snorkeling.

More active beachgoers can enjoy a 30-minute guided kayak ride out to the mokes, the mountain peaks that stick out of the water.

If youre feeling particularly adventurous, take the Lanikai Pillbox Hike toward the evening, where youll experience the most mesmerizing sunsets and unforgettable views of the peaks.

Thailand appears on our list of the best countries to retire on less than $200,000, partly because of its gorgeous beaches.

So beachcombers and active thrill-seekers alike will enjoy Railay Beach, located in the Ao Nang, Krabi province of Thailand. While the yearly average temperature is 86 degrees Fahrenheit, many tourists flock to the beaches in November the end of Thailands monsoon season.

Railay offers tourists the chance to take in breathtaking limestone peaks on a secluded peninsula that's accessible only by boat.

Kayaking tours are a must since the water is so clear, youll be able to see straight down to the ocean floor. Kayak over to Phra Nang Cave to observe ancient religious shrines, or take a rock-climbing course.

Honopu Beach is considered one of the most remote locations in the world thats still accessible to tourists. Itll take a bit of willpower to get there a boat ride followed by a short swim but once you reach the sandy shores, youll be in for some of the most breathtaking views you'll ever experience.

The pristine shores have two massive coves separated by a limestone arch, and the entire beach is speckled with 1,200-foot cliffs.

Thats probably why Honopu Beach is considered a hikers paradise. More intrepid beachgoers can enjoy a hike on the extremely narrow Honopu Trail, where you can witness the sunset like very few travelers ever will.

Whether you enjoy kayaking, jet skiing or just lazing in the sun, theres never a shortage of things to do on the paradise island of Bora Bora, located in the south Pacific.

Getting here and staying here can be very expensive: A flight from California often costs around $4,000, and a rental bungalow can run $10,000 per week. But Matira Beach is one of the few public beaches on Bora Bora where you can enjoy a VIP experience without the VIP price tag.

The sand is whiter than snow and the turquoise waters are so clear, you can peer into the ocean and see the thousands of marine species life directly below.

At sunset, the orange and purple skies are truly spectacular.

Got a case of the Mondays? Take a trip down to Maundays Bay.

While hot vacation locales in the Carribbean can be overwhelmed by tourists during peak travel season, Anguilla is a bit of a hidden gem. Thats probably why its become a popular spot for destination weddings in recent years.

Maundays Bay is a particularly beautiful, crescent-shaped beach with white sandy shores and still blue waters, where you can see clear across to the neighboring island of Saint Martin.

This vacation spot also is ideal for travelers with young children, since there are rarely any waves. The two breakwaters that buffer the island protect the waters from powerful ocean swells, and the sightlines are clear.

Trunk Bay, located in the northwestern part of the U.S. Virgin Islands, offers a relaxing getaway of stunning beaches and healthy coral reef gardens that have been well-preserved for over half a century.

The clear, warm waters are perfect for swimming and snorkeling, while the soft white sand makes for an excellent spot to curl up with a book while you catch a tan.

Travelers with a love of the ocean are in for a treat. Snorkelers will get the experience of a lifetime when they take a guided snorkeling tour of the 225-foot Underwater Trail reef and observe the thousands of species of marine life that dwell there.

And, since the island is part of a U.S. territory, no passport is required.

Beautiful limestone cliffs, lush vegetation and epic turquoise blue waterfalls are just a few of the many reasons to take the long but worthwhile plane ride to Hidden Beach on El Nido in the Philippines.

Breathtaking cliffs that tower 500 feet into the air make diving and base jumping musts for thrill-seeking beachgoers. Those who just want to laze around in the sun can enjoy gazing upon the palm tree-lined beach, or catch a nap on the soft white sand.

Until only recently, much of Hidden Beach was populated solely by swiftlet birds who nested in the cliffs, meaning that much of the island is pristine and untouched by humans.

There are still only a few resorts on the island, meaning Hidden Beach is the ultimate private island getaway.

Looking for something a little less tropical, but no less breathtaking? Head to the Great White North for some cottaging at Lions Head Beach in Bruce Peninsula, Canada. Located three hours north of Toronto, this quaint getaway is the perfect place to create lasting family memories.

Bruce Peninsula is a family-friendly locale thats a great retreat for hiking, camping or swimming in the still, warm waters of Lake Huron.

Kids and adults alike will enjoy the charcoal pits for campfires and barbecuing, the beachs full playground and the many restaurants offering farm-fresh seasonal fare.

The beach is perfect for camping or glamping. Those who dont want to camp can stay in one of the many cottages, motels and lake houses available for rent around Tobermory.

If pink is your favorite color, youll really love Pink Sands Beach on Harbor Island in the Bahamas.

Pink Sands Beach gets its name from the red and pink Foraminifera insects, whose shells stain the sand a soft, cotton candy pink. (Dont worry, the bugs are invisible to the human eye and they dont bite.)

The light pink sand meets the salty, blue ocean waters, creating spectacular photo ops. The beach turns into a real Willy Wonka Wonderland at sunset, where the cotton candy skies will give you the illusion of being enveloped in a perfectly pink heaven.

A strong coral reef protects the beach from the ocean tides, meaning that the waters rarely ever get waves and are perfect for swimmers and snorkelers of all skill levels.

Grab yourself a pia colada and light up a cigarillo. Beachgoers will absolutely love the deep blue waters, soft ocean waves and dazzling white sands of Varadero Beach in Cuba.

It's one of the best beaches to visit, according to users on TripAdvisor, who say it offers plenty of opportunities to swim, snorkel or curl up with a book under a beach umbrella.

Amenities on the beach include showers and restaurants, but the vast open space will still make it feel like youre on your own private island.

If youre looking to get in some culture, take a bus tour through Varadero and observe the stunning history of the island and the downtown areas candy-colored homes.

Boasting 6 miles of talcum-powder sand, Diani Beach in the Kwale County region of Kenya, is renowned for being one of the softest beaches on Earth. The water is warm enough for swimming most days of the year, and on slightly windy days you can expect to see surfers enjoying the waves.

Youll get more than just a relaxing vacation when you visit Diani Beach.

If you have a soft spot for cute animals, youll fall in love with the monkeys that swing from the trees. Youll also get a spectacular view of Sheldrick Falls, enjoy amazing food and party with friendly locals.

Located just below the equator, Kenya can be a warm and humid paradise, and the countrys magnificent beauty will earn a special place in your heart forever.

Seychelles is an archipelago of 115 islands located in the Indian Ocean, at the crossroads between Africa and Asia.

The lush granite mountains and crystal blue waters have made this tiny paradise a hot honeymoon destination for high-profile clients, such as royals Prince William and Kate Middleton.

Praslin Island, at just 14 miles long, is one of the more popular destinations on Seychelles for snorkeling. The reefs and coral gardens just off of Anse Lazio beach are a haven for divers of all experience levels to witness marine wildlife in its natural environment.

If swimming isnt your style, you can laze around on the stretch of white sand, taking in the beauty of the large granite boulders and tropical forests that decorate this incomparable paradise.

The stunning Radhanagar Beach is hidden on Havelock Island in India the largest island in the Andaman archipelago. Its become such a sought-after location that its been called the new Maldives by Vogue magazine.

Only one luxury resort exists on the island, meaning that this locale offers an extra layer of intimacy to an already idyllic vacation spot.

White sands, an awe-inspiring jungle and deep azure waters make this beach an absolute must-see for travelers looking for a piece of secluded paradise. Float in the Andaman Sea as you take in the beauty of your surroundings.

It will be unlike anything youve experienced before especially since 80% of the islands vegetation remains completely untouched.

Blinky Beach is beyond stunning, with white sands and blue waters that look like a still-life painting. Those who prefer a bit of privacy and room to stretch out will love the fact that Blinky Beach is one of the least crowded beaches in Australia.

If youve always wanted to try surfing but were too intimidated, youre in luck. The mild waters are great for novice surfers to catch a wave, while a more experienced surfer can venture farther out to catch larger swells.

Take a picnic basket, go for a snorkel, or just laze around the beach, taking in the scenery (and by that we mean watching attractive Aussie surfers).

Long Beach in British Columbia, Canada is so named because its part of a 34,800-acre coastal temperate rainforest. This expanse of natural wildlife, located in British Columbias Pacific Rim, is a protected area of the Clayoquot Sound UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve.

While you may not think of Canada and surfing as belonging together in the same sentence, Long Beach has been touted as a surfers paradise because of the magnificent Pacific Ocean swells.

If youre looking to kick back and relax on your vacation, enjoy a long walk on the beach. Youll get lost for hours wandering the white sandy shoreline, listening to waves crashing on the sand.

You might even spot a celeb or two. Selena Gomez and Dwayne The Rock Johnson have both enjoyed vacation stays in Long Beach.

No, your eyes aren't playing tricks on you, and we didn't invert the photo. That's black sand.

Reynisfjara Beach in frigid Iceland is a beach destination unlike any other. While the weather is a little less than tropical (the coastal areas average annual temperature is 51 degrees), this Nordic paradise and its raw, untouched beauty will take your breath away.

The sand is black because it started as volcanic lava, and other sights to see on the beach include scattered cliffs, enormous caves and awe-inspiring waves crashing in from the North Atlantic. It's an eye feast for any beachgoer even if you'll need to trade in your sunblock for a parka.

Fans of HBOs Game of Thrones may recognize the giant rock pillar formations as Eastwatch, where Jon Snow stood guarding the wall.

Malmok Beach in Aruba is a vast expanse of white sands and turquoise sea water. Magnificent grey and white rocks scattered just off the shore are home to thousands of marine animals, which make this an ultimate destination for diving and snorkeling.

Malmok is a bit of a drive away from any of the major resorts in Aruba, meaning you and your travel partner will experience the sound of waves crashing on the beach and an intimate sunset in total solitude.

Average daily high temperatures of 86 degrees make Aruba an ideal vacation spot year-round.

Want to make your beach vacation permanent? There are a number of islands yes, with gorgeous beaches where you can retire on as little as $1,400 per month.

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The Best Beaches From Around the World - MoneyWise.com

The other island for reinsurance – Captive International

In July 2018, Barents Re, a large, A-rated reinsurer moved from Panama to Cayman. In a release explaining its decision, Barents Re said it had conducted comprehensive research and analysis of a number of potential jurisdictions.

If a company has no European business and is focused on the North American or emerging markets, Cayman clearly makes sense.

We have chosen the Cayman Islands for our domiciled jurisdiction as it offers a strong legislative framework, political stability and a positive long-term credit outlook, Barents Re said.

Cayman Islands was selected as the preferred domicile to strengthen our reputation and credibility with clients, business partners, regulators and rating agencies.

Barents is not the only reinsurer to have decided to move to Cayman. This sentiment is echoed by many that have done business in or with Cayman, with Nassau Re among the other reinsurers to have recently opened an affiliated company on the Island for certain business.

Aon saw reinsurance as a way to grow an existing practice in Cayman. Adrian Lynch, managing director of Aons Cayman office and captive strategy leader for the Americas, says: Since I started running the Cayman office in 2014 I have been looking at how we can strengthen the other businesses we do here, to make them as strong as our healthcare business.

Reinsurance has been a big part of that. We also want more fixed annuity business and more long-term healthcare.

Lynch sees reinsurance as a really attractive business for Aon. The quantum is substantial, the capital requirements are reasonable and commercial, he says. The growth potential in the business is solid.

Caymans reputation has grown over the years, from being principally a healthcare domicile to being an international re/insurance centre, says Martin Cooke, director at Hyperion Risk.

We offer a large community of experienced and diverse service providers. These include an array of large and specialist independent insurance managers, leading offshore law firms and audit practicesnot forgetting a highly regarded regulatory body and legislative system, he says.

Cayman has had a presence in the reinsurance market for more than 40 years. United Insurance Company (UIC), formed in 1975, claims to be the first Cayman reinsurance company, having been established by a group of captive insurance companies.

It initially offered reinsurance support and risk pooling for casualty lines in response to the shortage of traditional reinsurance capacity at that time, says Helen Stephenson, senior vice president of underwriting at UIC.

Over the years, the company expanded to reinsure property, marine and casualty risks for those original shareholders and many other unrelated captive insurance companies.

Since late 2016 UIC has shifted away from captive insurance business towards doing more open market reinsurance, following Quasha Groups becoming its main shareholder and captives selling their interests in the company.

UIC continues to offer direct and reinsurance fronting to captives and risk pooling via Nexus, a subsidiary it formed in 1998 to provide primary casualty risk pooling for captives.

Cayman is seeing growth among category D1 reinsurers, which are fully staffed, self-managed and standalone entities that have staff on the ground in Cayman, and category B3 reinsurers, which use the services of a third party reinsurance manager which serves as the conduit with the Cayman Insurance Monetary Authority (CIMA).

Lynch says he has seen considerable growth among B3 reinsurers in particular, which he sees as an opportunity for Aon.

Clients like having the kind of architecture Aon can offer behind them, it makes risk management and compliance much easier for them, he explains.

Cooke notes a similar trend. We have seen a handful of category D reinsurers setting up in Cayman, although we expect more will be coming, he says.

But there have been numerous class B3 formations, which provide a viable alternative to the commercial market.

As the number of reinsurers on the Island grows, and in recognition of their growing influence, a group of Cayman-domiciled companies are in the process of forming an association to represent their interests, says Timothy Adair, head of UICs Cayman office, with UIC one of the founding members of the group.

The association will meet periodically to discuss issues impacting our jurisdiction and business, and will maintain an open dialogue with CIMA and the Ministry of Finance. United is one of the founding members of the group, says Adair.

Island rivalry

Caymans growing reputation in reinsurance has invited comparisons with another island renowned for its reinsurance business some 2,000 km away.

Cooke says: In the past, reinsurance companies barely looked beyond Bermuda. Today they are giving other jurisdictions more serious consideration.

Solvency II equivalence is a factor, meaning reinsurers in Bermuda have extra compliance requirements. If a company has no European business and is focused on the North American or emerging markets, Cayman clearly makes sense.

There are other reasons for reinsurers to choose Cayman over Bermuda, including its higher rating from Moodys and healthier budget, which operates at a surplus.

Senior executives in regulated entities can obtain a 25-year work permit, and there is no restriction on home ownership or automobiles, which arguably makes it easier to recruit and retain senior people.

In addition, insurance laws in the Cayman Islands have explicit and clear policyholder protections that include the prohibition of third party creditor claims against policyholder assets.

It is similar to Bermudas segregated account legislation, but sources say Bermudas is conditional on certain criteria being met around disclosure and no commingling of assets, while Caymans is absolute.

This means that although Bermuda remains the jurisdiction most synonymous with reinsurance, Cayman is closing the gap between the two.

One source argues that these factors are seeing momentum moving towards Cayman and away from Bermuda.

Captives have helped attract reinsurers to Cayman. As the second largest captive insurance jurisdiction in the world, large re/insurance institutions that want to do business with captives feel compelled to have a presence on the Island.

Stephenson says: UIC has always enjoyed a very close relationship with captives due to its owners and reinsureds being captives.

Insurance managers, auditors, banks and other local service providers are involved with both captives and reinsurers and there is a mutually beneficial working relationship between the sectors.

Simon Owen, managing director at Hyperion Risk, notes that captives are using reinsurance services more than they have in the past.

We see a growing trend of agency captive and diversified captive formations, he says.

This in turn, creates a need for a variety of services, including the sourcing of risk premium, reinsurance capacity and fronting arrangements.

Stephenson adds: The hardening insurance market will increase demand for captives to write additional business, particularly in response to increased retentions and lower limits offered by traditional insurers.

Reinsurers will in turn have an opportunity to offer support to these new or increased captive risks.

Healthy growth

Cayman has long been a centre for healthcare captives, and around 40 percent of the business Aon does in Cayman relates to the healthcare sector. For the Island as a whole, the figure is around 60 percent, Lynch estimates, illustrating the importance of the sector.

Restrictions on the capacity of the medical malpractice sector have created considerable pressure on hospitals in the US, forcing them to increase the amount of risk they retain. This has created more demand for captives in the healthcare sector, in which Cayman specialises, and that in turn has created more demand for reinsurance capacity in Cayman.

Reinsurers may also be benefiting from the increasing diversity of the captives community in Cayman.

Owen says: There has been a proliferation of new types of captives in Cayman. The sector has been dominated by healthcare captives historically, but Cayman captives and other re/insurance vehicles are increasingly likely to be involved in other areas, whether that be property and casualty, specialty lines or life.

Cayman is quickly emerging as a jurisdiction of choice for property and casualty and life and annuity lines, with a significant longevity swap market being established in Cayman.

He adds that there has also been a huge uptick in new reinsurance structures, many that are rated or significantly capitalised, hence creating a new market writing large treaty programs and sizeable transactions.

Many are backed by hedge funds or large private equity companies, with family offices also increasingly involved in the sector.

Increasing interest in reinsurance among hedge funds plays to Caymans strength in the hedge fund industry, with its existing relationships with the funds community encouraging new structures to choose the Island.

Owen says: Caymans strong links with hedge funds and private equity is certainly one of the key reasons for reinsurance on the Island. When hedge funds and private equity funds want to launch a reinsurer or special purpose vehicle they are more likely to do so in a jurisdiction they know well.

The capital markets are looking for diversification opportunities beyond just insurance-linked securities (ILS), and reinsurers are an interesting opportunity with good growth potential.

Smart capital is seeing the benefit of hardening insurance rates and opportunities to participate in non-financial market correlated risks.

Traditionally not associated with reinsurance, the industry has now grown to the point that in July 2018, Derek Stenson, partner at Conyers, wrote a blogpost on the firms website titled Why Cayman is Becoming A Hub For Financial Reinsurance.

In the article, Stenson ascribes this growth principally to regulatory changes. Financial reinsurance (finre) transactions tend to be underwritten with financial management rather than risk transfer as the primary driver, he explains.

Recent global regulatory changes have caused a capital strain on many international pension, life and annuity insurance companies, Stenson wrote.

Finre is now a popular way to access capital relief for these strains and this has stimulated growth in the formation of finre companies, both globally and locally in the Cayman Islands.

Solvency II: no thanks

Perhaps Caymans biggest differentiator has been its decision not to pursue Solvency II equivalence. This decision was taken in recognition of the overwhelming majority of its business coming from the US, where Solvency II does not apply. Cayman has therefore positioned itself as an alternative to a Solvency II jurisdiction.

Lynch says that around 95 to 97 percent of the business done in Cayman originates in the US market, leaving only around 2.5 percent exposed to Solvency II. For Cayman it therefore did not make sense to impose additional regulatory requirements on businesses that were not doing business with Europe.

Bermuda went the other way and took steps to secure equivalence, but this was Caymans niche, says Lynch.

That is one reason why we now have around 60 reinsurers in Cayman, especially B3 and D1 reinsurers.

Caymans reinsurers feel the islands regulatory offering is strict enough, without being Solvency II-equivalent, allowing reinsurers there to better reflect their US clients.

Solvency II is an EU economic model that works very well for EU-facing business, but may not be necessary for US business.

Some of Caymans reinsurance growth therefore includes reinsurers based elsewhere opening affiliate offices to conduct business outside the scope of Solvency II.

Cooke says: Bermuda has the more international focus, especially in being more aligned with Europe. Cayman has traditionally been about captives and funds, with a more North American focus, but even this is changing. Cayman is becoming more global.

Despite turning its back on Europe over Solvency II, Caymans business is increasingly international. In recognition of this, in 2018 the Insurance Managers Association of Cayman changed its name and tagline to Cayman International Insurance: The Better Alternative, in recognition of the insurance communitys increasingly international profile.

This is consistent with changes that have taken place throughout the whole industry.

The industry has changed beyond all recognition in the last 25 years, says Lynch. Risk management in particular is a completely different animal now, it is more sophisticated, more data-driven.

Lynch predicts that the number of reinsurers in Cayman will grow by around 50 percent over the next five years, which will make it even more significant as a global reinsurance hub. That is unequivocally good news for the Island and the reinsurance industry generally, and there is little concern this growth could lead to oversupply.

Reinsurers in Cayman are not only serving the local market, they are focused on international risk, just as those based in Bermuda are, Owen concludes.

There is plenty of room for more reinsurers with different models and strategies.

Aon, Hyperion Risk, UIC, Cayman Islands Monetary Authority, Conyers, Adrian Lynch, Simon Owen, Martin Cooke, Helen Stephenson, Timothy Adair, Derek Stenson

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The other island for reinsurance - Captive International

Islands top homeless advocate cites benefits of mayors new plan to tackle issue on our streets – SILive.com

STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. -- The boroughs leading non-profit combatting homelessness stands to play a big role in the mayors new plan to combat the homeless living on the street.

Chief Executive Officer of Project Hospitality the Rev. Dr. Terry Troia said that the plan, titled The Journey Home, could help move Staten Islands long-term street homeless into safe settings as they transition back to housing.

The biggest problem that we have on Staten Island is that we dont have beds," Troia said. There is no shelter for adult street homeless on Staten Island.

Mayor Bill de Blasios plan aims to bring 1,000 Safe Haven transitional beds and 1,000 permanent apartments for homeless New Yorkers to the city, along with improved outreach and services for the long-term street homeless.

Currently on Staten Island, Project Hospitality operates a Safe Haven program on Jersey Street in New Brighton for 30 chronically homeless people, and a supportive apartment building for former homeless people that opened in 2017 on Vanderbilt Avenue.

Troia said the organization is also working on a similar supportive apartment complex with space for more than 40 formerly homeless persons in Port Richmond.

A lot of the folks that are chronically out on the street -- first of all theyre sick, she said.

Theyre bodies are worn out from living on the streets for years and years and years. A lot of them struggle with serious life issues that impair their ability to care for themselves, so they really need some kind of supportive living situation, she said.

MORE SAFE HAVEN BEDS

Long-term street homeless often avoid the traditional shelter system for a variety of reasons, including substance abuse and mental health issues. The Safe Haven beds and the 1,000 planned apartments are considered low-barrier, which means they have few restrictions to access for potential residents.

The Safe Haven beds often have simplified application processes meant to streamline access for potential residents. Troia said the Safe Haven her organization runs often sees residents stay for months at a time, and that there is a need for more in the borough.

Its a home, and it creates that level of safety for them to come in off the streets, she said. We can send all the outreach people in the world onto the streets, but if we dont have a way to bring people in -- were spinning our wheels.

Part of City Halls announcement included a request for input on where the new beds and apartments are needed most. Troia said normally non-profits that provide homeless services bring location ideas to the city.

She said more transitional and permanent housing is what Staten Island needs to get people off the streets.

CITY COUNCIL ACTION

In addition to the mayors new plan, the City Council passed legislation Thursday that will require private developers receiving city funding for housing projects with more than 40 units to allocate 15 percent of the units for individuals and families experiencing homelessness.

City Councilman Joseph Borelli (R-South Shore) painted the legislation as a bane to all Staten Island developers forcing those getting any sort of subsidy or financial incentive from the city to place a homeless shelter in a residential neighborhood with no other considerations or public input.

The text of the bill specifies that the projects affected be multi-dwellings with no less than 41 new dwelling units offered for rent.

That means, at minimum, each new multi-dwelling permanent housing building with more than 40 units offered for rent that receives city funding will be required to have at least six units available to homeless individuals or families.

At best however, it is an acknowledgement of Mayor de Blasios failed homeless policy and his inability to build shelters through any normal and transparent process, Borelli said.

PROMINENT ISSUE FOR THE MAYOR

The plan announced Tuesday is the latest step de Blasios administration has taken to combat homelessness -- an issue that has risen to prominence during his time in office.

Funding for street homelessness programs in 2013, the year before de Blasio took office, was $45 million. Since he took office, funding for such programs has increased to more than $240 million, according to a release from the mayors office.

Overall, the mayors Turning the Tide initiative launched in 2016 has aimed at reducing the number of homeless both on the street and within the citys shelter system.

According to the Coalition for the Homeless, the number of people in New York City shelters each night has consistently risen since he took office. Their data shows that number has been consistently on the rise since the late 1990s.

Council Minority Leader Steven Matteo (R-Mid-Island) also voted against Thursdays bill, criticizing the citys one-size-fits-all approach to affordable housing.

I am a firm believer that if we want to make housing less expensive, we must make it easier and less expensive to build housing, he said. Set asides for affordable housing should be left to negotiations with local elected officials and the community, not by another one-size-fits-all mandate.

Councilwoman Debi Rose voted in favor of Thursdays bill. She described homelessness as a crisis that the city has been unable to put a dent in. She said discussions with Staten Islanders has shown support for keeping the boroughs residents close to home in permanent housing.

This bill is a good start toward ensuring permanent homes for these individuals and families, she said.

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Islands top homeless advocate cites benefits of mayors new plan to tackle issue on our streets - SILive.com

You can now stay in a Stranger Things-themed Airbnb for 56 a night – The Irish Sun

FANS of Netflix's Stranger Things can stay in an Airbnb apartment that's just like the homes featured in the hit TV show.

The 80s-themed apartment even has a name inspired by the show - The Upside Den.

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While Stranger Things is set in the fictional town of Hawkins in Indiana, this property is located in St Louis, Missouri.

It's a basement apartment, just like the one in the Wheeler residence, and can sleep up to four guests, with its own entrance, garden and bathroom.

And with an overnight stay starting from 56 a night, it works out to be just 14 per person.

Inside, everything looks like it could be from the 80s - from the stripey sofa to dated carpets.

There's even a vintage TV set with a VHS player so you can kick back and watch one of over 50 different videos.

It's ideal for family as while there's a main double bed, the other bed is a sofa bed.

Plus, there's a pillow fort that kids will love.

The listing warns that the host has a big dog, but why he might sound loud and scary, he's actually very friendly.

The property is run by Ann, a superhost on the site, meaning she's had lots of experience hosting guests.

And with a rating over 4.95 from over 150 reviews, it seems guests absolutely love it.

One person wrote: "Great location and entertaining space. Really fun vintage decorations and lots of entertainment available including board games and VHS tapes! Bed was very comfortable and warm.

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"Enjoyed complimentary Eggo waffles and a cup of coffee in the morning! Couldnt get much better than that. Thank you so much! Will be back again soon."

Another added: "One of the best AirBnBs i have stayed in. The touches were icing on the already wonderful cake! Amazing hospitality, communication, and thoughtfulness.

"There is an old tube TV with a shelf of VHS tapes and secrets in the freezer 😉 Definitely something we will try to repeat."

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A castle that was featured in The Crown is available on Airbnb on New Year's Eve.

The home sharing site also had a palace in India that hosted Princess Diana as one of its properties.

You can also hire private islands on Airbnb.

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You can now stay in a Stranger Things-themed Airbnb for 56 a night - The Irish Sun

An Actor’s Life: This Scepter’d Isle – The Post – The Copenhagen Post – Danish news in english

Picture yourself flying through thick clouds. The visibility is zero. You can just about make out the flashing red lights at the end of the wing. In these situations pilots trust their navigation systems and people on the ground and we, in turn, trust them to land us safely so we can continue our lives.

Storm clouds aheadThis is how I feel every time I travel from Denmark to the UK. But the clouds I refer to are metaphorical.

Whilst clarity is in the air in Denmark following the election of a left-wing government in June, and we can more or less anticipate every single move theyre going to make more welfare, higher corporation taxes, reversals of most hardline policies brought in by the previous lot the same cant be said of one of Denmarks oldest allies and biggest trading partners.

Does anyone reading this really truly feel that Boris Johnson is in control of Britains national aeroplane? Writing this just days before the UK General Election, it feels like Britain is sitting aboard one of its famous Lancaster bombers at any moment, it could be blown out of the sky.

No man is an islandThe UK, contrary to popular belief, is not an island. It is, in fact, made up of over 6,000 islands.

Shakespeare summed up its landscape best when John of Gaunt given the usurping nature of his progeny, a David Cameron-like character if you like (more about him later) uttered these lines in Richard II.

This scepterd isle, this earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, this other Eden, demi-paradise, this fortress built by nature for herself. Against infection and the hand of war, this happy breed of men, this little world, this precious stone set in the silver sea.

Remember that the engelsk as the Danes so like to call the Brits are not the entire nation. And I feel that a disconnected Englishman like Johnson is not the man to rebuild our collection of islands after 10 years of neglect and austerity caused in the main by the political party he is the leader of.

Smash and grabIsland retreats are a welcome refuge from the pressures of the world, but they are increasingly being bought up by the insanely rich for their own devices the likes of Anders Holch Povlsen and Richard Branson, for example.

Nothing new in that, but when do the No-entry or the Private Property signs become the norm, and roads and paths once open to the public become no-go areas and start to rankle?

Imagine corporations and billionaires salivating at the thought of becoming even richer as they see a weakened Britain open to plunder. Johnson seems content to let this happen for some bizarre reason. Sadly, despite his own claims, he is no Winston Churchill.

Can Johnson with all his bluster really reunite the UK with whatever natural beauty that can be salvaged, or is absolutely everything in Discount Britain up for grabs? Can anyone with money just turn up and do what they like? We will soon know.

Lessons from JuraThe perils and mediocrity of cheap consumerism were highlighted and written about by George Orwell on a little Hebridean island called Jura, and lets face it: the writing was on the wall during David Camerons reign of austerity.

Curiously, perhaps, but the island of Jura is where Camerons wifes rather rich family have property. You might have heard of them: the Astors? Im sure theyve got plenty stored away to see out the storm. The rest of us will have to just close our eyes and hope as we come in to land in the darkness.

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An Actor's Life: This Scepter'd Isle - The Post - The Copenhagen Post - Danish news in english

OFG Receives Regulatory Approval for Acquisition of Scotiabank Operations in US Virgin Islands – Business Wire

SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico--(BUSINESS WIRE)--OFG Bancorp (NYSE: OFG) announced receipt of final regulatory approval and related licenses from the US Virgin Islands Banking Board that are required for OFGs banking subsidiary, Oriental Bank, to consummate the previously announced acquisition of the US Virgin Islands operations of Scotiabank (NYSE: BNS).

OFG expects to complete the acquisition by December 31, 2019. The company previously announced regulatory approval for the acquisition of the Puerto Rico operations of Scotiabank.

Dr. Ganesh Kumar, Senior Executive Vice President of OFG Bancorp, said: Oriental is eager to start serving Scotiabank customers in the US Virgin Islands. We look forward to providing the highest level of customer engagement with a wide array of products and services. Customer deposits will be covered by applicable FDIC insurance. We intend to grow our business in the US Virgin Islands.

Upon closing and during a transitional period, Oriental will continue using the Scotiabank technology platforms. As a result, USVI customers can interact with the bank, and use branches, as they do currently without any need for change. Over the next few months, USVI customers will be migrated to the Oriental platform, enabling them to access new capabilities.

About OFG Bancorp

Now in its 55th year in business, OFG Bancorp is a diversified financial holding company that operates under U.S. and Puerto Rico banking laws and regulations. Its three principal subsidiaries, Oriental Bank, Oriental Financial Services and Oriental Insurance provide retail and commercial banking, lending and wealth management products, services and technology, primarily in Puerto Rico. Visit us at http://www.ofgbancorp.com.

Forward Looking Statements

The information included in this document contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on managements current expectations and involve certain risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements.

Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to (i) the rate of growth in the economy and employment levels, as well as general business and economic conditions; (ii) changes in interest rates, as well as the magnitude of such changes; (iii) changes to the financial condition of the government of Puerto Rico; (iv) amendments to the fiscal plan approved by the Financial Oversight and Management Board of Puerto Rico; (v) determinations in the court-supervised debt-restructuring process under Title III of PROMESA for the Puerto Rico government and all of its agencies, including some of its public corporations; (vi) the amount of government, private and philanthropic financial assistance for the reconstruction of Puerto Ricos critical infrastructure, which suffered catastrophic damages caused by hurricane Maria; (vii) the pace and magnitude of Puerto Ricos economic recovery; (viii) the potential impact of damages from future hurricanes and natural disasters in Puerto Rico; (ix) the fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government and its agencies; (x) changes in federal bank regulatory and supervisory policies, including required levels of capital; (xi) the relative strength or weakness of the commercial and consumer credit sectors and the real estate market in Puerto Rico; (xii) the performance of the stock and bond markets; (xiii) competition in the financial services industry; and (xiv) possible legislative, tax or regulatory changes.

For a discussion of such factors and certain risks and uncertainties to which OFG is subject, see OFGs annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as well as its other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Other than to the extent required by applicable law, including the requirements of applicable securities laws, OFG assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect occurrences or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

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OFG Receives Regulatory Approval for Acquisition of Scotiabank Operations in US Virgin Islands - Business Wire

Artificial Intelligence, Foresight, and the Offense-Defense Balance – War on the Rocks

There is a growing perception that AI will be a transformative technology for international security. The current U.S. National Security Strategy names artificial intelligence as one of a small number of technologies that will be critical to the countrys future. Senior defense officials have commented that the United States is at an inflection point in the power of artificial intelligence and even that AI might be the first technology to change the fundamental nature of war.

However, there is still little clarity regarding just how artificial intelligence will transform the security landscape. One of the most important open questions is whether applications of AI, such as drone swarms and software vulnerability discovery tools, will tend to be more useful for conducting offensive or defensive military operations. If AI favors the offense, then a significant body of international relations theory suggests that this could have destabilizing effects. States could find themselves increasingly able to use force and increasingly frightened of having force used against them, making arms-racing and war more likely. If AI favors the defense, on the other hand, then it may act as a stabilizing force.

Anticipating the impact of AI on the so-called offense-defense balance across different military domains could be extremely valuable. It could help us to foresee new threats to stability before they arise and act to mitigate them, for instance by pursuing specific arms agreements or prioritizing the development of applications with potential stabilizing effects.

Unfortunately, the historical record suggests that attempts to forecast changes in the offense-defense balance are often unsuccessful. It can even be difficult to detect the changes that newly adopted technologies have already caused. In the lead-up to the First World War, for instance, most analysts failed to recognize that the introduction of machine guns and barbed wire had tilted the offense-defense balance far toward defense. The years of intractable trench warfare that followed came as a surprise to the states involved.

While there are clearly limits on the ability to anticipate shifts in the offense-defense balance, some forms of technological change have more predictable effects than others. In particular, as we argue in a recent paper, changes that essentially scale up existing capabilities are likely to be much easier to analyze than changes that introduce fundamentally new capabilities. Substantial insight into the impacts of AI can be achieved by focusing on this kind of quantitative change.

Two Kinds of Technological Change

In a classic analysis of arms races, Samuel Huntington draws a distinction between qualitative and quantitative changes in military capabilities. A qualitative change involves the introduction of what might be considered a new form of force. A quantitative change involves the expansion of an existing form of force.

Although this is a somewhat abstract distinction, it is easy to illustrate with concrete examples. The introduction of dreadnoughts in naval surface warfare in the early twentieth century is most naturally understood as a qualitative change in naval technology. In contrast, the subsequent naval arms race which saw England and Germany competing to manufacture ever larger numbers of dreadnoughts represented a quantitative change.

Attempts to understand changes in the offense-defense balance tend to focus almost exclusively on the effects of qualitative changes. Unfortunately, the effects of such qualitative changes are likely to be especially difficult to anticipate. One particular reason why foresight about such changes is difficult is that the introduction of a new form of force from the tank to the torpedo to the phishing attack will often warrant the introduction of substantially new tactics. Since these tactics emerge at least in part through a process of trial and error, as both attackers and defenders learn from the experience of conflict, there is a limit to how much can ultimately be foreseen.

Although quantitative technological changes are given less attention, they can also in principle have very large effects on the offense-defense balance. Furthermore, these effects may exhibit certain regularities that make them easier to anticipate than the effects of qualitative change. Focusing on quantitative change may then be a promising way forward to gain insight into the potential impact of artificial intelligence.

How Numbers Matter

To understand how quantitative changes can matter, and how they can be predictable, it is useful to consider the case of a ground invasion. If the sizes of two armies double in the lead-up to an invasion, for example, then it is not safe to assume that the effect will simply cancel out and leave the balance of forces the same as it was prior to the doubling. Rather, research on combat dynamics suggests that increasing the total number of soldiers will tend to benefit the attacker when force levels are sufficiently low and benefit the defender when force levels are sufficiently high. The reason is that the initial growth in numbers primarily improves the attackers ability to send soldiers through poorly protected sections of the defenders border. Eventually, however, the border becomes increasingly saturated with ground forces, eliminating the attackers ability to exploit poorly defended sections.

Figures 1: A simple model illustrating the importance of force levels. The ability of the attacker (in red) to send forces through poorly defended sections of the border rises and then falls as total force levels increase.

This phenomenon is also likely to arise in many other domains where there are multiple vulnerable points that a defender hopes to protect. For example, in the cyber domain, increasing the number of software vulnerabilities that both an attacker and defender can each discover will benefit the attacker at first. The primary effect will initially be to increase the attackers ability to discover vulnerabilities that the defender has failed to discover and patch. In the long run, however, the defender will eventually discover every vulnerability that can be discovered and leave behind nothing for the attacker to exploit.

In general, growth in numbers will often benefit the attacker when numbers are sufficiently low and benefit the defender when they are sufficiently high. We refer to this regularity as offensive-then-defensive scaling and suggest that it can be helpful for predicting shifts in the offense-defense balance in a wide range of domains.

Artificial Intelligence and Quantitative Change

Applications of artificial intelligence will undoubtedly be responsible for an enormous range of qualitative changes to the character of war. It is easy to imagine states such as the United States and China competing to deploy ever more novel systems in a cat-and-mouse game that has little to do with quantity. An emphasis on qualitative advantage over quantitative advantage is a fairly explicit feature of the American military strategy and has been since at least the so-called Second Offset strategy that emerged in the middle of the Cold War.

However, some emerging applications of artificial intelligence do seem to lend themselves most naturally to competition on the basis of rapidly increasing quantity. Armed drone swarms are one example. Paul Scharre has argued that the military utility of these swarms may lie in the fact that they offer an opportunity to substitute quantity for quality. A large swarm of individually expendable drones may be able to overwhelm the defenses of individual weapon platforms, such as aircraft carriers, by attacking from more directions or in more waves than the platforms defenses are capable of managing. If this method of attack is in fact viable, one could see a race to build larger and larger swarms that ultimately results in swarms containing billions of drones. The phenomenon of offensive-then-defensive scaling suggests that growing swarm sizes could initially benefit attackers who can focus their attention increasingly intensely on less well-defended targets and parts of targets before potentially allowing defensive swarms to win out if sufficient growth in numbers occurs.

Automated vulnerability discovery tools also stand out as another relevant example, which have the potential to vastly increase the number of software vulnerabilities that both attackers and defenders can discover. The DARPA Cyber Grand Challenge recently showcased machine systems autonomously discovering, patching, and exploiting software vulnerabilities. Recent work on novel techniques such as deep reinforcement fuzzing also suggests significant promise. The computer security expert Bruce Schneier has suggested that continued progress will ultimately make it feasible to discover and patch every single vulnerability in a given piece of software, shifting the cyber offense-defense balance significantly toward defense. Before this point, however, there is reason for concern that these new tools could initially benefit attackers most of all.

Forecasting the Impact of Technology

The impact of AI on the offense-defense balance remains highly uncertain. The greatest impact might come from an as-yet-unforeseen qualitative change. Our contribution here is to point out one particularly precise way in which AI could impact the offense-defense balance, through quantitative increases of capabilities in domains that exhibit offensive-then-defensive scaling. Even if this idea is mistaken, it is our hope that by understanding it, researchers are more likely to see other impacts. In foreseeing and understanding these potential impacts, policymakers could be better prepared to mitigate the most dangerous consequences, through prioritizing the development of applications that favor defense, investigating countermeasures, or constructing stabilizing norms and institutions.

Work to understand and forecast the impacts of technology is hard and should not be expected to produce confident answers. However, the importance of the challenge means that researchers should still try while doing so in a scientific, humble way.

This publication was made possible (in part) by a grant to the Center for a New American Security from Carnegie Corporation of New York. The statements made and views expressed are solely the responsibility of the author(s).

Ben Garfinkel is a DPhil scholar in International Relations, University of Oxford, and research fellow at the Centre for the Governance of AI, Future of Humanity Institute.

Allan Dafoe is associate professor in the International Politics of AI, University of Oxford, and director of the Centre for the Governance of AI, Future of Humanity Institute. For more information, see http://www.governance.ai and http://www.allandafoe.com.

Image: U.S. Air Force (Photo by Tech. Sgt. R.J. Biermann)

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Artificial Intelligence, Foresight, and the Offense-Defense Balance - War on the Rocks

Finland offers crash course in artificial intelligence to EU – The Associated Press

HELSINKI (AP) Finland is offering a techy Christmas gift to all European Union citizens a free-of-charge online course in artificial intelligence in their own language, officials said Tuesday.

The tech-savvy Nordic nation, led by the 34-year-old Prime Minister Sanna Marin, is marking the end of its rotating presidency of the EU at the end of the year with a highly ambitious goal.

Instead of handing out the usual ties and scarves to EU officials and journalists, the Finnish government has opted to give practical understanding of AI to 1% of EU citizens, or about 5 million people, through a basic online course by the end of 2021.

It is teaming up with the University of Helsinki, Finlands largest and oldest academic institution, and the Finland-based tech consultancy Reaktor.

Teemu Roos, a University of Helsinki associate professor in the department of computer science, described the nearly $2 million project as a civics course in AI to help EU citizens cope with societys ever-increasing digitalization and the possibilities AI offers in the jobs market.

The course covers elementary AI concepts in a practical way and doesnt go into deeper concepts like coding, he said.

We have enormous potential in Europe but what we lack is investments into AI, Roos said, adding that the continent faces fierce AI competition from digital giants like China and the United States.

The initiative is paid for by the Finnish ministry for economic affairs and employment, and officials said the course is meant for all EU citizens whatever their age, education or profession.

Since its launch in Finland in 2018 The Elements of AI has been phenomenally successful the most popular course ever offered by the University of Helsinki, which traces its roots back to 1640 with more than 220,000 students from over 110 countries having taken it so far online, Roos said.

A quarter of those enrolled so far are aged 45 and over, and some 40% are women. The share of women is nearly 60% among Finnish participants - a remarkable figure in the male-dominated technology domain.

Consisting of several modules, the online course is meant to be completed in about six weeks full time - or up to six months on a lighter schedule - and is currently available in Finnish, English, Swedish and Estonian.

Together with Reaktor and local EU partners, the university is set to translate it to the remaining 20 of the EUs official languages in the next two years.

Megan Schaible, COO of Reaktor Education, said during the projects presentation in Brussels last week that the company decided to join forces with the Finnish university to prove that AI should not be left in the hands of a few elite coders.

An official University of Helsinki diploma will be provided to those passing and Roos said many EU universities would likely give credits for taking the course, allowing students to include it in their curriculum.

For technology aficionados, the University of Helsinkis computer science department is known as the alma mater of Linus Torvalds, the Finnish software engineer who developed the Linux operating system during his studies there in the early 1990s.

In September, Google set up its free-of-charge Digital Garage training hub in the Finnish capital with the intention of helping job-seekers, entrepreneurs and children to brush up their digital skills including AI.

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Finland offers crash course in artificial intelligence to EU - The Associated Press

7 tips to get your resume past the robots reading it – CNBC

There are about 7.3 million open jobs in the U.S., according to the most recent Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. And for many job seekers vying for these openings, the likelihood they'll submit their application to an artificial intelligence-powered hiring system is growing.

A 2017 Deloitte report found 33% of employers already use some form of AI in the hiring process to save time and reduce human bias. These algorithms scan applications for specific words and phrases around work history, responsibilities, skills and accomplishments to identify candidates who match well with the job description.

These assessments may also aim to predict a candidate's future success by matching their abilities and accomplishments to those held by a company's top performers.

But it remains unclear how effective these programs are.

As Sue Shellenbarger reports for The Wall Street Journal, many vendors of these systems don't tell employers how their algorithms work. And employers aren't required to inform job candidates when their resumes will be reviewed by these systems.

That said, "it's sometimes possible to tell whether an employer is using an AI-driven tool by looking for a vendor's logo on the employer's career site," Shellenbarger writes. "In other cases, hovering your cursor over the 'submit' button will reveal the URL where your application is being sent."

CNBC Make It spoke with career experts about how to make sure your next application makes it past the initial robot test.

AI-powered hiring platforms are designed to identify candidates whose resumes match open job descriptions the most. These machines are nuanced, but their use still means very specific wording, repetition and prioritization of certain phrases matter.

Job seekers can make sure to highlight the right skills to get past initial screens by using tools, such as an online cloud generator, to understand what the AI system will prioritize most. Candidates can drop in the text of a job description and see which words appear most often, based on how large they appear within the word cloud.

CareerBuilder also created an AI resume builder to help candidates include skills on an application they may not have identified on their own.

Including transferable skills mentioned in the job description can also increase your resume odds. After all, executives from a recent IBM report say soft skills such as flexibility, time management, teamwork and communication are some of the most important skills in the workforce today.

"Job seekers should be cognizant of how they are positioning their professional background to put their best foot forward," Michelle Armer, chief people officer at talent acquisition company CareerBuilder, tells CNBC Make It. "Since a candidate's skill set will help set them apart from other applicants, putting these front and center on a resume will help make sure you're giving skills the attention they deserve."

It's also worth noting that AI enables employers to source candidates from the entire application system more easily, rather than limiting consideration just to people who applied to a specific role. "As a result," says TopResume career expert Amanda Augustine, "you could be contacted for a role the company believes is a good fit even if you never specifically applied for that opportunity."

When it comes to actually writing your resume, here are seven ways to make sure it looks best for the robots who will be reading it.

Use a text-based application like Microsoft Word rather than a PDF, HTML, Open Office, or Apple Pages document so buzzwords can be accurately scanned by AI programs. Augustine suggests job seekers skip images, graphics and logos, which might not be readable. Test how well bots will comprehend your resume by copying it into a plain text file, then making sure nothing gets out of order and no strange symbols pop up.

Mirror the job description in your work history. Job titles should be listed in reverse-chronological order, Augustine says, because machines favor documents with a clear hierarchy to their information. For each role, prioritize the most relevant information that matches the critical responsibilities and requirements of the job you're applying for. "The bullets that directly match one of the job requirements should be listed first," Augustine adds, "and other notable contributions or accomplishments should be listed lower in a set of bullets."

Include keywords from the job description, such as the role's day-to-day responsibilities, desired previous experience and overall purpose within the organization. Consider having a separate skills section, Augustine says, where you list any certifications, technical skills and soft skills mentioned in the job description.

Quantify performance results, Shellenbarger writes. Highlight ones that involve meeting company goals, driving revenue, leading a certain number of people or projects, being efficient with costs and so on.

Tailor each application to the description of each role you're applying for. These AI systems are generally built to weed out disqualifying resumes that don't match enough of the job description. The more closely you mirror the job description in your application, the better, Augustine says.

Don't place information in the document header or footer, even though resumes traditionally list contact information here. According to Augustine, many application systems can't read the information in this section, so crucial details may be omitted.

Network within the company to build contacts and get your resume to the hiring manager's inbox directly. "While AI helps employers narrow down the number of applicants they will move forward with for interviews," Armer says, "networking is also important."

AI hiring programs show promise at filling roles with greater efficiency, but can also perpetuate bias when they reward candidates with similar backgrounds and experiences as existing employees. Armer stresses hiring algorithms need to be built by teams of diverse individuals across race, ethnicity, gender, experience and other background factors in order to minimize bias.

This is also where getting your resume in front of a human can pay off the most.

"When you have someone on the inside advocating for you, you are often able to bypass the algorithm and have your application delivered directly to the recruiter or hiring manager, rather than getting caught up in the screening process," Augustine says.

Augustine recommends job seekers take stock of their existing network and identify those who may know someone at the companies they're interested in working at. "Look for professional organizations and events that are tied to your industry 10times.com is a great place to find events around the world for every imaginable field," she adds.

Finally, Armer recommends those starting their job hunt review and polish their social media profiles.

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Don't miss: This algorithm can predict when workers are about to quithere's how

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7 tips to get your resume past the robots reading it - CNBC

How Artificial Intelligence Is Humanizing the Healthcare Industry – HealthITAnalytics.com

December 17, 2019 -Seventy-nine percent of healthcare professionals indicate that artificial intelligence tools have helped mitigate clinician burnout, suggesting that the technology enables providers to deliver more engaging, patient-centered care, according to a survey conducted by MIT Technology Review and GE Healthcare.

As artificial intelligence tools have slowly made their way into the healthcare industry, many have voiced concerns that the technology will remove the human aspect of patient care, leaving individuals in the care of robots and machines.

Healthcare institutions have been anticipating the impact that artificial intelligence (AI) will have on the performance and efficiency of their operations and their workforcesand the quality of patient care, the report stated.

Contrary to common, yet unproven, fears that machines will replace human workers, AI technologies in health care may actually be re-humanizing healthcare, just as the system itself shifts to value-based care models that may favor the outcome patients receive instead of the number of patients seen.

Through interviews with over 900 healthcare professionals, researchers found that providers are already using AI to improve data analysis, enable better treatment and diagnosis, and reduce administrative burdensall of which free up clinicians time to perform other tasks.

READ MORE: Using Artificial Intelligence to Strengthen Suicide Prevention

Numerous technologies are in play today to allow healthcare professionals to deliver the best care, increasingly customized to patients, and at lower costs, the report said.

Our survey has found medical professionals are already using AI tools, to improve both patient care and back-end business processes, from increasing the accuracy of oncological diagnosis to increasing the efficiency of managing schedules and workflow.

The survey found that medical staff with pilot AI projects spend one-third less time writing reports, while those with extensive AI programs spend two-thirds less time writing reports. Additionally, 45 percent of participants said that AI has helped increase consultation time, as well as time to perform surgery and other procedures.

For those with the most extensive AI rollouts, 70 percent expect to spend more time performing procedures than doing administrative or other work.

AI is being used to assume many of a physicians more mundane administrative responsibilities, such as taking notes or updating electronic health records, researchers said. The more AI is deployed, the less time doctors spend at their computers.

READ MORE: Patient, Provider Support Key to Healthcare Artificial Intelligence

Respondents also indicated that AI is helping them gain an edge in the healthcare market. Eighty percent of business and administrative healthcare professionals said that AI is helping them improve revenue opportunities, while 81 percent said they think AI will make them more competitive providers.

The report also showed that AI-related projects will continue to receive an increasing portion of healthcare spending now and in the future. Seventy-nine percent of respondents said they will be spending more to develop AI applications.

Respondents also indicated that AI has increased the operational efficiency of healthcare organizations. Seventy-eight percent of healthcare professionals said that their AI deployments have already created workflow improvements in areas including schedule management.

Using AI to optimize schedule management and other administrative tasks creates opportunities to leverage AI for more patient-facing applications, allowing clinicians to work with patients more closely.

AIs core value proposition is in both improving diagnosing abilities and reducing regulatory and data complexities by automating and streamlining workflow. This allows healthcare professionals to harness the wealth of insight the industry is generating, without drowning in it, the report said.

READ MORE: GE Launches Program to Ease Artificial Intelligence Adoption

AI has also helped healthcare professionals reduce clinical errors. Medical staff who dont use AI cited fighting clinical error as a key challenge two-thirds of the timemore than double that of medical staff who have AI deployments.

Additionally, advanced tools are helping users identify and treat clinical issues. Seventy-five percent of respondents agree that AI has enabled better predictions in the treatment of disease.

AI-enabled decision-support algorithms allow medical teams to make more accurate diagnoses, researchers noted.

This means doing something big by doing something really small: noticing minute irregularities in patient information. That could be the difference between acting on a life-threatening issueor missing it.

While AI has shown a lot of promise in the industry, the technology still comes with challenges. Fifty-seven percent of respondents said that integrating AI applications into existing systems is challenging, and more than half of professionals planning to deploy AI raise concerns about medical professional adoption, support from top management, and technical support.

To overcome these challenges, researchers recommended that clinical staff collaborate to implement and deploy AI tools.

AI needs to work for healthcare professionals as part of a robust, integrated ecosystem. It needs to be more than deploying technologyin fact, the more humanized the application of AI is, the more it will be adopted and improve results and return on investment. After all, in healthcare, the priority is the patient, researchers concluded.

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How Artificial Intelligence Is Humanizing the Healthcare Industry - HealthITAnalytics.com

The Machines Are Learning, and So Are the Students – The New York Times

Riiid claims students can increase their scores by 20 percent or more with just 20 hours of study. It has already incorporated machine-learning algorithms into its program to prepare students for English-language proficiency tests and has introduced test prep programs for the SAT. It expects to enter the United States in 2020.

Still more transformational applications are being developed that could revolutionize education altogether. Acuitus, a Silicon Valley start-up, has drawn on lessons learned over the past 50 years in education cognitive psychology, social psychology, computer science, linguistics and artificial intelligence to create a digital tutor that it claims can train experts in months rather than years.

Acuituss system was originally funded by the Defense Departments Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency for training Navy information technology specialists. John Newkirk, the companys co-founder and chief executive, said Acuitus focused on teaching concepts and understanding.

The company has taught nearly 1,000 students with its course on information technology and is in the prototype stage for a system that will teach algebra. Dr. Newkirk said the underlying A.I. technology was content-agnostic and could be used to teach the full range of STEM subjects.

Dr. Newkirk likens A.I.-powered education today to the Wright brothers early exhibition flights proof that it can be done, but far from what it will be a decade or two from now.

The world will still need schools, classrooms and teachers to motivate students and to teach social skills, teamwork and soft subjects like art, music and sports. The challenge for A.I.-aided learning, some people say, is not the technology, but bureaucratic barriers that protect the status quo.

There are gatekeepers at every step, said Dr. Sejnowski, who together with Barbara Oakley, a computer-science engineer at Michigans Oakland University, created a massive open online course, or MOOC, called Learning How to Learn.

He said that by using machine-learning systems and the internet, new education technology would bypass the gatekeepers and go directly to students in their homes. Parents are figuring out that they can get much better educational lessons for their kids through the internet than theyre getting at school, he said.

Craig S. Smith is a former correspondent for The Times and hosts the podcast Eye on A.I.

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Zebra Medical Vision Announces Agreement With DePuy Synthes to Deploy Cloud Based Artificial Intelligence Orthopaedic Surgical Planning Tools -…

KIBBUTZ SHEFAYIM, Israel--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Zebra Medical Vision, the deep learning medical imaging analytics company, announces today a global co-development and commercialization agreement with DePuy Synthes* to bring Artificial Intelligence (AI) opportunities to orthopaedics, based on imaging data.

Every year, millions of orthopaedic procedures worldwide use traditional two-dimensional (2D) CT scans or MRI imaging to assist with pre-operative planning. CT scans and MRI imaging can be expensive, and CT scans are associated with more radiation and are uncomfortable for some patients. Zebra-Meds technology uses algorithms to create three-dimensional (3D) models from X-ray images. This technology aims to bring affordable pre-operative surgical planning to surgeons worldwide without the need for traditional MRI or CT-based imaging.

We are thrilled to start this collaboration and have the opportunity to impact and improve orthopaedic procedures and outcomes in areas including the knee, hip, shoulder, trauma, and spine care, says Eyal Gura, Co-Founder and CEO of Zebra Medical Vision. We share a common vision surrounding the impact we can have on patients lives through the use of AI, and we are happy to initiate such a meaningful strategic partnership, leveraging the tools and knowledge we have built around bone health AI in the last five years.

This technology is planned to be introduced as part of DePuy Synthes VELYS Digital Surgery solutions for pre-operative, operative, and post-operative patient care.

Read more on Zebra-Meds blog: https://zebramedblog.wordpress.com/another-dimension-to-zebras-ai-how-we-impact-the-orthopedic-world

About Zebra Medical VisionZebra Medical Visions imaging analytics platform allows healthcare institutions to identify patients at risk of disease and offer improved, preventative treatment pathways, to improve patient care. The company is funded by Khosla Ventures, Marc Benioff, Intermountain Investment Fund, OurCrowd Qure, Aurum, aMoon, Nvidia, Johnson & Johnson Innovation JJDC, Inc. (JJDC) and Dolby Ventures. Zebra Medical Vision has raised $52 million in funding to date, and was named a Fast Company Top-5 AI and Machine Learning company. Zebra-Med is a global leader in AI FDA cleared products, and is installed in hospitals globally, from Australia to India, Europe to the U.S, and the LATAM region.

*Agreement is between DePuy Ireland Unlimited Company and Zebra Medical Vision.

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Zebra Medical Vision Announces Agreement With DePuy Synthes to Deploy Cloud Based Artificial Intelligence Orthopaedic Surgical Planning Tools -...

Top Artificial Intelligence Books Released In 2019 That You Must Read – Analytics India Magazine

Artificial Intelligence has had many breakthroughs in 2019. In fact, we can go as far as to say that it has trickled down to every single facet of modern life. With its intervention in our daily life, it is imperative that everyone knows about how it is affecting our lives, bringing about change in it, the threats and possible solutions.

While there are some people who still think AI is only robots and chatbots, it is important that they know of the advancements in the field. There are many online courses and books on artificial intelligence that give a comprehensive understanding to the reader whether it is a professional or an AI enthusiast.

In this article, we have compiled a list of books on artificial intelligence published in 2019 that one can use to learn more about this fascinating technology:

Written by Dr Eric Topol, an American cardiologist, geneticist and digital medicine researcher, Deep Medicine: How Artificial Intelligence Can Make Healthcare Human Again, is Amazon #1 bestseller this year.

This book boldly sets out the potential of AI in healthcare and deep medicine. Topol calls AI the next industrial revolution. The book contains short examples to highlight AIs importance along with a proper expansion on likely AI is going to transform the medical industry. Topol believes that AI can not only help in enhancing diagnosis and treatment but also help them in saving time in other activities like taking notes, reading scans which will eventually help them to spend more time on the patients. This is a resourceful book for someone interested in AI and its impact on healthcare.

Written by Dr Stuart Russell, Human Compatible: AI and the Problem of Control is possibly one of the most important books of this year on AI. The book talks about the threats by artificial intelligence and solutions to it. The author, Stuart Russell, makes use dry humour not to make his book sound like a boring information magazine.

The book is for both the public and AI researches, Stuart Russel, in this doesnt hammer AI, he points out the threats and solution as someone who feels a sense of responsibility towards the changes and revolution his own field is bringing.

This book is written by Marcus du Sautoy, a professor of mathematics at the University of Oxford and a researcher fellow at the Royal Society.

This book is a fact-packed, funny journey to the world of AI. It questions the present meaning of the word creativity and about how the machine will be able to crack the code on human emotions.

This book dances around the concept of using AI assistance in art-making. The book discusses the math behind ML and AI as its centre point of discussion in art.

Janelle Shanes AIwierdness.com is an AI humour blog and looks to have a different take on AI, the part of AI. In this book, the author makes use of humorous cartoons and pop-culture illustrations to try and take a look inside the algorithms that are used in machine learning.

The authors of this book Gary Marcus, a scientist and the founder and CEO of Robust.AI and Ernest Davis, a professor of computer science at NYU tell what AI is, what it is not, its potentials if we worked towards it with more resilience and be more creative. Many authors seem to hype up AI, not just the good part about it but also the wrong side about it. The authors here seem to have found the balance in between.

The book, Rebooting AI: Building Artificial Intelligence We Can Trust, highlights the weaknesses of the current technology, where it is going wrong and what should we be doing to find the solutions. It isnt just some book that only researchers can read but also for the general public. It illustrates many examples and excellent use of humour wherever needed.

The first edition of the series of books written by the Alex Castrounis, answer one of the most critical questions in todays age concerning business and AI, How can I build a successful business by using AI?

The AI for People and Business: A Framework for Better Human Experiences and Business Success is exclusively written for anyone interested in making use of AI in their organisation.

The author examines the value of Ai and gives solutions for developing an AI strategy that benefits both people and businesses.

This book by Andriy Burkov remains true to its name and just manages to do the seemingly impossible task of trying to bundle all of the machine learning inside of a hundred-page book.

This book provides an in-depth introduction to the field of machine learning with the smart choice of topics for both theory and practice.

If you are new to the field of machine learning, then this book gives you a comprehensive introduction to the vocabulary/ terminology.

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Top Artificial Intelligence Books Released In 2019 That You Must Read - Analytics India Magazine

Tommie Experts: Ethically Educating on Artificial Intelligence at St. Thomas – University of St. Thomas Newsroom

Tommie Experts taps into the knowledge of St. Thomas faculty and staff to help us better understand topical events, trends and the world in general.

Last month, School of Engineering Dean Don Weinkauf appointed Manjeet Rege, PhD, as the director for the Center for Applied Artificial Intelligence.

Rege is a faculty member, author, mentor, AI expert, thought leader and a frequent public speaker on big data, machine learning and AI technologies. The Newsroom caught up with him to ask about the centers launch in response to a growing need to educate ethically around AI.

Were partnering with industry in a number of ways. One way is in our data science curriculum. There are electives; some students take a regular course, while others take a data science capstone project. Its optional. Students who opt for that through partnership with the industry, companies in the Twin Cities interested in embarking on an AI journey can have several business use cases that they want to try AI out with. In an enterprise, you typically have to seek funding, convince a lot of people; in this case, well find a student, or a team, who will be working on that industry-sponsored project. Its a win-win for all. The project will be supervised by faculty. The company gets access to emerging AI talent, gets to try out their business use case and the students end up getting an opportunity working on a real-world project.

Secondly, a number of companies are looking to hire talent in machine learning and AI. This is a good way for companies to access good talent. We can build relationships, sending students for internships, or even students who work on these capstone projects become important in terms of hiring.

There are also a number of professional development offerings well come out with. We offer a mini masters program in big data and AI. The local companies can come and attend an executive seminar for a week on different aspects of AI. Well be offering two- or three-day workshops on hands-on AI, for someone within a company who would like to become an AI practitioner. If they are interested in getting in-depth knowledge, they can go through our curriculum.

We also have a speaker series in partnership with SAS.

In May well be hosting a data science day, a keynote speaker, and a panel of judges to review projects the data science students are working on (six of which are part of the SAS Global Student Symposium). Theyll get to showcase the work theyve done. That panel of judges will be from local companies.

Everybody is now becoming aware that AI is ubiquitous, around us and here. The ship has already left the dock, so to speak, in terms of AI being around us. The best way to succeed at the enterprise level is to embrace this and make it a business enabler. Its important for enterprises to transform themselves into an AI-first company. Think about Google. It first defined itself as a search company. Then a mobile company. Now, its an AI-first company. That is what keeps you ahead, always.

Being aware of the problems that may arise is so important. For us to address AI biases, we have to understand how AI works. Through these multiple offerings were hoping we can create knowledge about AI. Once we have that we can address the issue of AI bias.

For example, Microsoft did an experiment where it had AI go out on the web, read the literature and learn a lot of analogies. When you went in and asked that AI questions based on, say, what man is to a woman, father is to what? Mother. Perfect. What man is to computer programmer as woman is to what? Homemaker. Thats unfortunate. AI is learning the stereotypes that exist in the literature it was learned on.

There have been hiring tools that have gender bias. Facial recognition tools that work better for lighter skin colors than darker skin colors. Bank loan programs with biases for certain demographics. There is a lot of effort in the AI community to minimize these. Humans have bias, but when a computer does it you expect perfection. An AI system learning is like a child learning; when that AI system learned about different things from the web and different relationships between man and woman, because these stereotypes existed already in the data, the computer just learned from it. Ultimately an AI system is for a human; whenever it gives you certain output, we need to be aware and go back and nudge it in the right direction.

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Tommie Experts: Ethically Educating on Artificial Intelligence at St. Thomas - University of St. Thomas Newsroom

New Findings Show Artificial Intelligence Software Improves Breast Cancer Detection and Physician Accuracy – P&T Community

CHICAGO, Dec. 19, 2019 /PRNewswire/ --A New York City based large volume private practice radiology group conducted a quality assurance review that included an 18 monthsoftware evaluation in the breast center comprised of nine (9) specialist radiologists using an FDA cleared artificial intelligence software by Koios Medical, Inc as a second opinion for analyzing and assessing lesions found during breast ultrasound examinations.

Over the evaluation period, radiologists analyzed over 6,000 diagnostic breast ultrasound exams. Radiologists used Koios DS Breast decision support software (Koios Medical, Inc.) to assist in lesion classification and risk assessment. As part of the normal diagnostic workflow, radiologists would activate Koios DS and review the software findings with clinical details to formulate the best management.

Analysis was then performed comparing the physicians' diagnostic performance to the 18-month period prior to the introduction of the AI enabled software. Comparing the two periods, physicians recommended biopsy for suspicious lesions at a similar rate (17%) and performed 14% more biopsies increasing the cancer detection rate (from 8.5 to 11.8 per 1,000 diagnostic exams) while simultaneously experiencing a significant reduction in benign biopsies (aka, false positives). Noteworthy is the aggregate nature of the findings where adoption of the software gradually increased over time during the 18-month evaluation period. Trailing 6-month results indicate a benign biopsy reduction exceeding 20% across the group. Positive predictive value, the percentage a positive test returns a positive result, improved over 20%.

"Physicians were skeptical in the beginning that software could help them given their years of training and specialization focusing on breast radiology. With experience using Koios software, however, over time and seeing the preliminary analysis they came to realize that the Koios AI software was gradually impacting patient care in a very positive way.Initially, radiologists completed internal studies that verified Koios software's accuracy, and discovered the larger impact happens gradually over time. In looking at the statistics, physicians were pleasantly surprised to see the benefit was even greater than expected. The software has the potential to make a profound impact on overall quality," says Vice President of Activations Amy Fowler.

Koios DS Breast 2.0 is artificial intelligence software designed around a dataset of over 450,000 breast ultrasound images with known results intended for use to assist physicians analyzing breast ultrasound images and aligns a machine learning-generated probability of malignancy. This probabilityis then checked against and aligned to the lesion's assigned BI-RADScategory, the scale physicians use to recommend care pathways.

"We are seeing the promise of machine learning as a physician's assistant coming to fruition. This will undoubtedly improve quality, outcomes, and patient experiencesand ultimately save lives. Koios DS Breast 2.0 is proving this within several physician groups across the US," says company CFO Graham Anderson.

Koios DS Breast 2.0 can be used in conjunction and integrated directly into most major viewing workstation platforms and is directly available on the LOGIQTME10, GE Healthcare's next generation digital ultrasound system that integrates artificial intelligence, cloud connectivity, and advanced algorithms. Artificial intelligence software generated results can be exported directly into a patient's record. Koios Medical continues to experiment with thyroid ultrasound image data and expects to add to its offering in the next year.

"We could not be more encouraged by the results these physicians are seeing. All our prior testing on historical images have consistently demonstrated high levels of system accuracy. Now, and for the first time ever, physicians using AI software as a second opinion with patients in real-time, within their practice, are delivering on the promise to measurably elevate quality of care. Catching more cancers earlier while reducing avoidable procedures and improving patient experiences is fast becoming a reality," says Koios Medical CEO Chad McClennan.

Discussing future plans during the recent Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) annual meeting in Chicago, McClennan shared, "Several major academic medical centers and community hospitals are utilizing our software and conducting studies into the quality impact for publication. We expect those results to mimic these early clinical findings and further validate the experience of our physician customers in both in New York City and across the country, and most importantly, the positive patient impact."

About KoiosMedical:

Koios Medical develops medical software to assist physicians interpreting ultrasound images and applies deep machine learning methods to the process of reaching an accurate diagnosis. The FDA cleared Koios DS platform uses advanced AI algorithms to assist in the early detection of disease while reducing recommendations for biopsy of benign tissue. Patented technology saves physicians time, helps improve patient outcomes, and reduces healthcare costs. Koios Medical is presently focused on breast and thyroid cancer diagnosis assistance market. Women with dense breast tissue (over 40% in the US) often require an alternative to mammography for diagnosis. Ultrasound is a widely available and effective alternative to mammography with no radiation and is standard of care for breast cancer diagnosis. To learn more please contact us at info@koiosmedical.comor (732) 529-5755.

Learn more about Koios at: koiosmedical.com

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Why video games and board games arent a good measure of AI intelligence – The Verge

Measuring the intelligence of AI is one of the trickiest but most important questions in the field of computer science. If you cant understand whether the machine youve built is cleverer today than it was yesterday, how do you know youre making progress?

At first glance, this might seem like a non-issue. Obviously AI is getting smarter is one reply. Just look at all the money and talent pouring into the field. Look at the milestones, like beating humans at Go, and the applications that were impossible to solve a decade ago that are commonplace today, like image recognition. How is that not progress?

Another reply is that these achievements arent really a good gauge of intelligence. Beating humans at chess and Go is impressive, yes, but what does it matter if the smartest computer can be out-strategized in general problem-solving by a toddler or a rat?

This is a criticism put forward by AI researcher Franois Chollet, a software engineer at Google and a well-known figure in the machine learning community. Chollet is the creator of Keras, a widely used program for developing neural networks, the backbone of contemporary AI. Hes also written numerous textbooks on machine learning and maintains a popular Twitter feed where he shares his opinions on the field.

In a recent paper titled On the Measure of Intelligence, Chollet also laid out an argument that the AI world needs to refocus on what intelligence is and isnt. If researchers want to make progress toward general artificial intelligence, says Chollet, they need to look past popular benchmarks like video games and board games, and start thinking about the skills that actually make humans clever, like our ability to generalize and adapt.

In an email interview with The Verge, Chollet explained his thoughts on this subject, talking through why he believes current achievements in AI have been misrepresented, how we might measure intelligence in the future, and why scary stories about super intelligent AI (as told by Elon Musk and others) have an unwarranted hold on the publics imagination.

This interview has been lightly edited for clarity.

In your paper, you describe two different conceptions of intelligence that have shaped the field of AI. One presents intelligence as the ability to excel in a wide range of tasks, while the other prioritizes adaptability and generalization, which is the ability for AI to respond to novel challenges. Which framework is a bigger influence right now, and what are the consequences of that?

In the first 30 years of the history of the field, the most influential view was the former: intelligence as a set of static programs and explicit knowledge bases. Right now, the pendulum has swung very far in the opposite direction: the dominant way of conceptualizing intelligence in the AI community is the blank slate or, to use a more relevant metaphor, the freshly-initialized deep neural network. Unfortunately, its a framework thats been going largely unchallenged and even largely unexamined. These questions have a long intellectual history literally decades and I dont see much awareness of this history in the field today, perhaps because most people doing deep learning today joined the field after 2016.

Its never a good thing to have such intellectual monopolies, especially as an answer to poorly understood scientific questions. It restricts the set of questions that get asked. It restricts the space of ideas that people pursue. I think researchers are now starting to wake up to that fact.

In your paper, you also make the case that AI needs a better definition of intelligence in order to improve. Right now, you argue, researchers focus on benchmarking performance in static tests like beating video games and board games. Why do you find this measure of intelligence lacking?

The thing is, once you pick a measure, youre going to take whatever shortcut is available to game it. For instance, if you set chess-playing as your measure of intelligence (which we started doing in the 1970s until the 1990s), youre going to end up with a system that plays chess, and thats it. Theres no reason to assume it will be good for anything else at all. You end up with tree search and minimax, and that doesnt teach you anything about human intelligence. Today, pursuing skill at video games like Dota or StarCraft as a proxy for general intelligence falls into the exact same intellectual trap.

This is perhaps not obvious because, in humans, skill and intelligence are closely related. The human mind can use its general intelligence to acquire task-specific skills. A human that is really good at chess can be assumed to be pretty intelligent because, implicitly, we know they started from zero and had to use their general intelligence to learn to play chess. They werent designed to play chess. So we know they could direct this general intelligence to many other tasks and learn to do these tasks similarly efficiently. Thats what generality is about.

But a machine has no such constraints. A machine can absolutely be designed to play chess. So the inference we do for humans can play chess, therefore must be intelligent breaks down. Our anthropomorphic assumptions no longer apply. General intelligence can generate task-specific skills, but there is no path in reverse, from task-specific skill to generality. At all. So in machines, skill is entirely orthogonal to intelligence. You can achieve arbitrary skills at arbitrary tasks as long as you can sample infinite data about the task (or spend an infinite amount of engineering resources). And that will still not get you one inch closer to general intelligence.

The key insight is that there is no task where achieving high skill is a sign of intelligence. Unless the task is actually a meta-task, that involves acquiring new skills over a broad [range] of previously unknown problems. And thats exactly what I propose as a benchmark of intelligence.

If these current benchmarks dont help us develop AI with more generalized, flexible intelligence, why are they so popular?

Theres no doubt that the effort to beat human champions at specific well-known video games is primarily driven by the press coverage these projects can generate. If the public wasnt interested in these flashy milestones that are so easy to misrepresent as steps toward superhuman general AI, researchers would be doing something else.

I think its a bit sad because research should about answering open scientific questions, not generating PR. If I set out to solve Warcraft III at a superhuman level using deep learning, you can be quite sure that I will get there as long as I have access to sufficient engineering talent and computing power (which is on the order of tens of millions of dollars for a task like this). But once Id have done it, what would I have learned about intelligence or generalization? Well, nothing. At best, Id have developed engineering knowledge about scaling up deep learning. So I dont really see it as scientific research because it doesnt teach us anything we didnt already know. It doesnt answer any open question. If the question was, Can we play X at a superhuman level?, the answer is definitely, Yes, as long as you can generate a sufficiently dense sample of training situations and feed them into a sufficiently expressive deep learning model. Weve known this for some time. (I actually said as much a while before the Dota 2 and StarCraft II AIs reached champion level.)

What do you think the actual achievements of these projects are? To what extent are their results misunderstood or misrepresented?

One stark misrepresentation Im seeing is the argument that these high-skill game-playing systems represent real progress toward AI systems, which can handle the complexity and uncertainty of the real world [as OpenAI claimed in a press release about its Dota 2-playing bot OpenAI Five]. They do not. If they did, it would be an immensely valuable research area, but that is simply not true. Take OpenAI Five, for instance: it wasnt able to handle the complexity of Dota 2 in the first place because it was trained with 16 characters, and it could not generalize to the full game, which has over 100 characters. It was trained over 45,000 years of gameplay then again, note how training data requirements grow combinatorially with task complexity yet, the resulting model proved very brittle: non-champion human players were able to find strategies to reliably beat it in a matter of days after the AI was made available for the public to play against.

If you want to one day become able to handle the complexity and uncertainty of the real world, you have to start asking questions like, what is generalization? How do we measure and maximize generalization in learning systems? And thats entirely orthogonal to throwing 10x more data and compute at a big neural network so that it improves its skill by some small percentage.

So what would be a better measure of intelligence for the field to focus on?

In short, we need to stop evaluating skill at tasks that are known beforehand like chess or Dota or StarCraft and instead start evaluating skill-acquisition ability. This means only using new tasks that are not known to the system beforehand, measuring the prior knowledge about the task that the system starts with, and measuring the sample-efficiency of the system (which is how much data is needed to learn to do the task). The less information (prior knowledge and experience) you require in order to reach a given level of skill, the more intelligent you are. And todays AI systems are really not very intelligent at all.

In addition, I think our measure of intelligence should make human-likeness more explicit because there may be different types of intelligence, and human-like intelligence is what were really talking about, implicitly, when we talk about general intelligence. And that involves trying to understand what prior knowledge humans are born with. Humans learn incredibly efficiently they only require very little experience to acquire new skills but they dont do it from scratch. They leverage innate prior knowledge, besides a lifetime of accumulated skills and knowledge.

[My recent paper] proposes a new benchmark dataset, ARC, which looks a lot like an IQ test. ARC is a set of reasoning tasks, where each task is explained via a small sequence of demonstrations, typically three, and you should learn to accomplish the task from these few demonstrations. ARC takes the position that every task your system is evaluated on should be brand-new and should only involve knowledge of a kind that fits within human innate knowledge. For instance, it should not feature language. Currently, ARC is totally solvable by humans, without any verbal explanations or prior training, but it is completely unapproachable by any AI technique weve tried so far. Thats a big flashing sign that theres something going on there, that were in need of new ideas.

Do you think the AI world can continue to progress by just throwing more computing power at problems? Some have argued that, historically, this has been the most successful approach to improving performance. While others have suggested that were soon going to see diminishing returns if we just follow this path.

This is absolutely true if youre working on a specific task. Throwing more training data and compute power at a vertical task will increase performance on that task. But it will gain you about zero incremental understanding of how to achieve generality in artificial intelligence.

If you have a sufficiently large deep learning model, and you train it on a dense sampling of the input-cross-output space for a task, then it will learn to solve the task, whatever that may be Dota, StarCraft, you name it. Its tremendously valuable. It has almost infinite applications in machine perception problems. The only problem here is that the amount of data you need is a combinatorial function of task complexity, so even slightly complex tasks can become prohibitively expensive.

Take self-driving cars, for instance. Millions upon millions of training situations arent sufficient for an end-to-end deep learning model to learn to safely drive a car. Which is why, first of all, L5 self-driving isnt quite there yet. And second, the most advanced self-driving systems are primarily symbolic models that use deep learning to interface these manually engineered models with sensor data. If deep learning could generalize, wed have had L5 self-driving in 2016, and it would have taken the form of a big neural network.

Lastly, given youre talking about constraints for current AI systems, it seems worth asking about the idea of superintelligence the fear that an extremely powerful AI could cause extreme harm to humanity in the near future. Do you think such fears are legitimate?

No, I dont believe the superintelligence narrative to be well-founded. We have never created an autonomous intelligent system. There is absolutely no sign that we will be able to create one in the foreseeable future. (This isnt where current AI progress is headed.) And we have absolutely no way to speculate what its characteristics may be if we do end up creating one in the far future. To use an analogy, its a bit like asking in the year 1600: Ballistics has been progressing pretty fast! So, what if we had a cannon that could wipe out an entire city. How do we make sure it would only kill the bad guys? Its a rather ill-formed question, and debating it in the absence of any knowledge about the system were talking about amounts, at best, to a philosophical argument.

One thing about these superintelligence fears is that they mask the fact that AI has the potential to be pretty dangerous today. We dont need superintelligence in order for certain AI applications to represent a danger. Ive written about the use of AI to implement algorithmic propaganda systems. Others have written about algorithmic bias, the use of AI in weapons systems, or about AI as a tool of totalitarian control.

Theres a story about the siege of Constantinople in 1453. While the city was fighting off the Ottoman army, its scholars and rulers were debating what the sex of angels might be. Well, the more energy and attention we spend discussing the sex of angels or the value alignment of hypothetical superintelligent AIs, the less we have for dealing with the real and pressing issues that AI technology poses today. Theres a well-known tech leader that likes to depict superintelligent AI as an existential threat to humanity. Well, while these ideas are grabbing headlines, youre not discussing the ethical questions raised by the deployment of insufficiently accurate self-driving systems on our roads that cause crashes and loss of life.

If one accepts these criticisms that there is not currently a technical grounding for these fears why do you think the superintelligence narrative is popular?

Ultimately, I think its a good story, and people are attracted to good stories. Its not a coincidence that it resembles eschatological religious stories because religious stories have evolved and been selected over time to powerfully resonate with people and to spread effectively. For the very same reason, you also find this narrative in science fiction movies and novels. The reason why its used in fiction, the reason why it resembles religious narratives, and the reason why it has been catching on as a way to understand where AI is headed are all the same: its a good story. And people need stories to make sense of the world. Theres far more demand for such stories than demand for understanding the nature of intelligence or understanding what drives technological progress.

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Why video games and board games arent a good measure of AI intelligence - The Verge

Artificial intelligence predictions for 2020: 16 experts have their say – Verdict

2019 has seen artificial intelligence and machine learning take centre stage for many industries, with companies increasingly looking to harness the benefits of the technology for a wide range of use cases. With its advances, ethical implications and impact on humans likely to dominate conversations in the technology sector for years to come, how will AI continue to develop over the next 12 months?

Weve asked experts from a range of organisations within the AI sphere to give their predictions for 2020.

In both the private and public sectors, organisations are recognising the need to develop strategies to mitigate bias in AI. With issues such as amplified prejudices in predictive crime mapping, organisations must build in checks in both AI technology itself and their people processes. One of the most effective ways to do this is to ensure data samples are robust enough to minimise subjectivity and yield trustworthy insights. Data collection cannot be too selective and should be reflective of reality, not historical biases.

In addition, teams responsible for identifying business cases and creating and deploying machine learning models should represent a rich blend of backgrounds, views, and characteristics. Organisations should also test machines for biases, train AI models to identify bias, and consider appointing an HR or ethics specialist to collaborate with data scientists, thereby ensuring cultural values are being reflected in AI projects.

Zachary Jarvinen, Head of Technology Strategy, AI and Analytics, OpenText

A big trend for social media this year has been the rise of deepfakes and were only likely to see this increase in the year ahead. These are manipulated videos that are made to look real, but are actually inaccurate representations powered by sophisticated AI. This technology has implications for past political Facebook posts. I believe we will start to see threat actors use deepfakes as a tactic for corporate cyberattacks, in a similar way to how phishing attacks operate.

Cyber crooks will see this as a money-making opportunity, as they can cause serious harm on unsuspecting employees. This means it will be vital for organisations to keep validation technology up-to-date. The same tools that people use to create deepfakes will be the ones used to detect them, so we may see an arms race for who can use the technology first.

Jesper Frederiksen, VP and GM EMEA, Okta

When considering high-volume, fast turnaround hiring efforts, its often impossible to keep every candidate in the loop. Enter highly sophisticated artificial intelligence tools, such as chatbots. More companies are now using AI programs to inform candidates quickly and efficiently on where they stand in the process, help them navigate career sites, schedule interviews and give advice. This is significantly transforming the candidate experience, enhancing engagement and elevating overall satisfaction.

Chatbots are also increasingly becoming a tool for employees who wish to apply for new roles within their organisation. Instead of trying to work up the nerve to ask HR or their boss about new opportunities, employees can interact with a chatbot that can offer details about open jobs, give skills assessments and offer career guidance.

Whats more, some companies are offering day in the life virtual simulations that allow candidates to see what a role would entail, which can either enhance interest or help candidates self-select out of the process. It also helps employers understand if the candidate would be a good fit, based on their behavior during the simulation. In Korn Ferrys global survey of HR professionals, 78 percent say that in the coming year, it will be vital to provide candidates with these day in the life type experiences.

Byrne Mulrooney, Chief Executive Officer, Korn Ferry RPO, Professional Search and Korn Ferry Digital

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Despite fears that it will replace human employees, in 2020 AI and machine learning will increasingly be used to aid and augment them. For instance, customer service workers need to be certain they are giving customers the right advice. AI can analyse complex customer queries with high numbers of variables, then present solutions to the employee speeding up the process and increasing employee confidence.

Lufthansa for one is already using this method, and with a faster, more accurate and ultimately more satisfying customer experience acting as a significant differentiator more will follow. Over the next three years this trend will keep accelerating, as businesses from banks to manufacturers use AI to support their employees decisions and outperform the competition.

Felix Gerdes, Director of Digital Innovation Services at Insight UK

In 2020 were going to see increased public demand for the demystification and democratisation of AI. There is a growing level of interest and people are quite rightly not happy to sit back and accept that a robot or programme makes the decisions it does because it does or that its simply too complicated. They want to understand how varying AI works in principle, they want to have more of a role in determining how AI should engage in their lives so that they dont feel powerless in the face of this new technology.

Companies need to be ready for this shift, and to welcome it. Increasing public understanding of AI, and actively seeking to hear peoples hopes and concerns is the only way forward to ensure that the role of AI is both seen as a force for good for everyone in our society and as a result able to realise the opportunity ahead historically not something that tech industry as a whole have been good at, we need to change.

Teg Dosanjh, Director of Connected Living for Samsung UK and Ireland

As the next decade of the transforming transportation industry unfolds, investment in autonomous vehicle development will continue to grow dramatically, especially in the datacenter and AI infrastructure for training and validation. Well see a significant ramp in autonomous driving pilot programs as part of this continued investment. Some of these will include removal of the on-board safety driver. Autonomous driving technology will be applied to a wider array of industries, such as trucking and delivery, moving goods instead of people.

Production vehicles will start to incorporate the hardware necessary for self-driving, such as centralized onboard AI compute and advanced sensor suites. These new features will help power Level 2+ AI assisted driving and lay the foundation for higher levels of autonomy. Regulatory agencies will also begin to leverage new technologies to evaluate autonomous driving capability, in particular, hardware-in-the-loop simulation for accurate and scalable validation. The progress in AV development underway now and for the next few years will be instrumental to the coming era of safer, more efficient transportation.

Danny Shapiro, Senior Director of Automotive, NVIDIA

As AI tools become easier to use, AI use cases proliferate, and AI projects are deployed, cross-functional teams are being pulled into AI projects. Data literacy will be required from employees outside traditional data teamsin fact, Gartner expects that 80% of organisations will start to roll out internal data literacy initiatives to upskill their workforce by 2020.

But training is an ongoing endeavor, and to succeed in implementing AI and ML, companies need to take a more holistic approach toward retraining their entire workforces. This may be the most difficult, but most rewarding, process for many organisations to undertake. The opportunity for teams to plug into a broader community on a regular basis to see a wide cross-section of successful AI implementations and solutions is also critical.

Retraining also means rethinking diversity. Reinforcing and expanding on how important diversity is to detecting fairness and bias issues, diversity becomes even more critical for organisations looking to successfully implement truly useful AI models and related technologies. As we expect most AI projects to augment human tasks, incorporating the human element in a broad, inclusive manner becomes a key factor for widespread acceptance and success.

Roger Magoulas, VP of Radar at OReilly

The hottest trend in the industry right now is in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Over the past year, a new method called BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) has been developed for designing neural networks that work with text. Now, we suddenly have models that will understand the semantic meaning of whats in text, going beyond the basics. This creates a lot more opportunity for deep learning to be used more widely.

Almost every organisation has a need to read and understand text and spoken word whether it is dealing with customer enquiries in the contact centre, assessing social media sentiment in the marketing department or even deciphering legal contracts or invoices. Having a model that can learn from examples and build out its vocabulary to include local colloquialisms and turns of phrase is extremely useful to a much wider range of organisations than image processing alone.

Bjrn Brinne, Chief AI Officer at Peltarion

Voice assistants have established themselves as common place in our personal lives. But 2020 will see an increasing amount of businesses turning to them to improve and personalise the customer experience.

This is because, advances in AI-driven technology and natural language processing are enabling voice interactions to be translated into data. This data can be structured so that conversations can be analysed for insights.

Next year, organisations will likely begin to embrace conversational analytics to improve their chatbots and voice applications. This will ultimately result in better data-driven decisions and improved business performance.

Alberto Pan, Chief Technical Officer, Denodo

Organisations are already drowning in data, but the flood gates are about to open even wider. IDC predicts that the worlds data will grow to 175 zettabytes over the next five years. With this explosive growth comes increased complexity, making data harder than ever to manage. For many organisations already struggling, the pressure is on.

Yet the market will adjust. Over the next few years, organisations will exploit machine learning and greater automation to tackle the data deluge.

Machine learning applications are constantly improving when it comes to making predictions and taking actions based on historical trends and patterns. With its number-crunching capabilities, machine learning is the perfect solution for data management. Well soon see it accurately predicting outages and, with time, it will be able to automate the resolution of capacity challenges. It could do this, for example, by automatically purchasing cloud storage or re-allocating volumes when it detects a workload nearing capacity.

At the same time, with recent advances in technology we should also expect to see data becoming more intelligent, self-managing and self-protecting. Well see a new kind of automation where data is hardwired with a type of digital DNA. This data DNA will not only identify the data but will also program it with instructions and policies.

Adding intelligence to data will allow it to understand where it can reside, who can access it, what actions are compliant and even when to delete itself. These processes can then be carried out independently, with data acting like living cells in a human body, carrying out their hardcoded instructions for the good of the business.

However, with IT increasingly able to manage itself, and data management complexities resolved, what is left for the data leaders of the business? Theyll be freed from the low-value, repetitive tasks of data management and will have more time for decision-making and innovation. In this respect AI will become an invaluable tool, flagging issues experts may not have considered and giving them options, unmatched visibility and insight into their operations.

Jasmit Sagoo, Senior Director, Head of Technology UK&I at Veritas Technologies

2020 will be the year research & investment in ethics and bias in AI significantly increases. Today, business insights in enterprises are generated by AI and machine learning algorithms. However, due to these algorithms being built using models and data bases, bias can creep in from those that train the AI. This results in gender or racial bias be it for mortgage applications or forecasting health problems. With increased awareness of bias in data, business leaders will demand to know how AI reaches the recommendations it does to avoid making biased decisions as a business in the future.

Ashvin Kamaraju, CTO for Cloud Protection and Licensing activity atThales

2020 will be the year of health data. Everyone is agreed that smarter use of health data is essential to providing better patient care meaning treatment that is more targeted or is more cost effective. However, navigating through the thicket of consents and rules as well as the ethical considerations has caused a delay to advancement of the use of patient data.

There are now several different directions of travel emerging which all present exciting opportunities for patients, for health providers including the NHS, for Digital Health companies and for pharmaceutical companies.

Marcus Vass, Partner, Osborne Clarke

Artificial intelligence isnt just something debated by techies or sci-fi writers anymore its increasingly creeping into our collective cultural consciousness. But theres a lot of emphasis on the negative. While those big picture questions around ethics cannot and should not be ignored, in the near-term we wont be dealing with the super-AI you see in the movies.

Im excited by the possibilities well see AI open up in the next couple of years and the societal challenges it will inevitably help us to overcome. And its happening already. One of the main applications for AI right now is driving operational efficiencies and that may not sound very exciting, but its actually where the technology can have the biggest impact. If we can use AI to synchronise traffic lights to impact traffic flow and reduce the amount of time cars spend idling, that doesnt just make inner city travel less of a headache for drivers it can have a tangible impact on emissions. Thats just one example. In the next few years, well see AI applied in new, creative ways to solve the biggest problems were facing as a species right now from climate change to mass urbanisation.

Dr Anya Rumyantseva, Data Scientist at Hitachi Vantara

Businesses are investing more in AI each year, as they look to use the technology to personalize customer experiences, reduce human bias and automate tasks. Yet for most organizations AI hasnt yet reached its full potential, as data is locked up in siloed systems and applications.

In 2020, well see organizations unlock their data using APIs, enabling them to uncover greater insights and deliver more business value. If AI is the brain, APIs and integration are the nervous system that help AI really create value in a complex, real-time context.

Ian Fairclough, VP of Services, MuleSoft

2020 is going to be a tipping point, when algorithmic decision making AI will become more mainstream. This brings both opportunities and challenges, particularly around the explainability of AI. We currently have many blackbox models where we dont know how its coming to decisions. Bad guys can leverage this and manipulate these decisions.

Using machine identities, they will be able to infiltrate the data streams that feed into an AI models and manipulate them. If companies are unable to explain and see the decision making behind their AI this could go unquestioned, changing the outcomes. This could have wide reaching impacts in everything from predictive policing to financial forecasting and market decision making.

Kevin Bocek, Vice President, Security Strategy & Threat Intelligence at Venafi

Until now, robotic process automation (RPA) and artificial intelligence (AI) have been perceived as two separate things: RPA being task oriented, without intelligence built in. However, as we move into 2020, AI and machine learning (ML) will become an intrinsic part of RPA infused throughout analytics, process mining and discovery. AI will offer various functions like natural language processing (NLP) and language skills, and RPA platforms will need to be ready to accept those AI skill sets. More broadly, there will be greater adoption of RPA across industries to increase productivity and lower operating costs. Today we have over 1.7 million bots in operation with customers around the world and this number is growing rapidly. Consequently, training in all business functions will need to evolve, so that employees know how to use automation processes and understand how to leverage RPA, to focus on the more creative aspects of their job.

RPA is set to see adoption in all industries very quickly, across all job roles, from developers and business analysts, to programme and project managers, and across all verticals, including IT, BPO, HR, Education, Insurance and Banking. To facilitate continuous learning, companies must give employees the time and resources needed to upskill as job roles evolve, through methods such as micro-learning and just in time training. In the UK, companies are reporting that highly skilled AI professionals, currently, are hard to find and expensive to hire, driving up the cost of adoption and slowing technological advancement. Organisations that make a conscious decision to use automation in a way that enhances employees skills and complements their working style will significantly increase the performance benefit they see from augmentation.

James Dening, Vice President for Europe at Automation Anywhere

Read more: Artificial intelligence to create 133 million jobs globally: Report

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Artificial intelligence predictions for 2020: 16 experts have their say - Verdict

Beethovens unfinished tenth symphony to be completed by artificial intelligence – Classic FM

16 December 2019, 16:31 | Updated: 17 December 2019, 14:25

Beethovens unfinished symphony is set to be completed by artificial intelligence, in the run-up to celebrations around the 250th anniversary of the composers birth.

A computer is set to complete Beethovens unfinished tenth symphony, in the most ambitious project of its kind.

Artificial intelligence has recently been used to complete Schuberts Unfinished Symphony No. 8, as well as to attempt to match the playing of revered 20th-century pianist, Glenn Gould.

Beethoven famously wrote nine symphonies (you can read more here about the Curse of the Ninth). But alongside his Symphony No. 9, which contains the Ode to Joy, there is evidence that he began writing a tenth.

Unfortunately, when the German composer died in 1827, he left only drafts and notes of the composition.

Read more: What is the Curse of the Ninth and does it really exist? >

A team of musicologists and programmers have been training the artificial intelligence, by playing snippets of Beethovens unfinished Symphony No. 10, as well as sections from other works like his Eroica Symphony. The AI is then left to improvise the rest.

Matthias Roeder, project leader and director of the Herbert von Karajan institute, told Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung: No machine has been able to do this for so long. This is unique.

The quality of genius cannot be fully replicated, still less if youre dealing with Beethovens late period, said Christine Siegert, head of the Beethoven Archive in Bonn and one of those managing the project.

I think the projects goal should be to integrate Beethovens existing musical fragments into a coherent musical flow, she told the German broadcaster Deutshe Welle. Thats difficult enough, and if this project can manage that, it will be an incredible accomplishment.

Read more: AI to compose classical music live in concert with over 100 musicians >

It remains to be seen and heard whether the new completed composition will sound anything like Beethovens own compositions. But Mr Roeder has said the algorithm is making positive progress.

Read more: Googles piano gadget means ANYONE can improvise classical music >

The algorithm is unpredictable, it surprises us every day. It is like a small child who is exploring the world of Beethoven.

But it keeps going and, at some point, the system really surprises you. And that happened the first time a few weeks ago. Were pleased that its making such big strides.

There will also, reliable sources have confirmed, be some human involvement in the project. Although the computer will write the music, a living composer will orchestrate it for playing.

The results of the experiment will be premiered by a full symphony orchestra, in a public performance in Bonn Beethovens birthplace in Germany on 28 April 2020.

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Beethovens unfinished tenth symphony to be completed by artificial intelligence - Classic FM

Could Bitcoin Cash Surpass BTC? Roger Ver Thinks It Can Happen – Ethereum World News

BCH to Pass Bitcoins Market Cap?

Speaking with Forbes, Roger Ver, early Bitcoin adopter and long-time libertarian, said that he thinks that Bitcoin Cash (BCH) will eventually surpass BTC in terms of market capitalization, claiming that eventually, the latter cryptocurrency will only be seen as a speculative asset. Backing this point, he cited adoption.

Bitcoin.com is partnering with more household names to bring bitcoin cash usage to actual commerce for real people and real businesses. As that adoption of BCH-based commerce grows, so will its market cap

This comment comes shortly after he said he thinks Bitcoin Cash can appreciate by, uh, over 1,000 times in the coming years and decades:

The real interesting one is Bitcoin Cash. I think it has the ability to go up a thousand times where it is currently because its looking to become peer to peer electronic cash for the entire world. The smart money is going into Bitcoin Cash because it has the economic characteristics that made Bitcoin popular to begin with.

Ver isnt the only Bitcoin Cash optimist. Jihan Wu, the chief executive of Bitmain, has been quoted as saying that within the next few years, each BCH could be trading at $100,000, which would put it well past BTCs current market capitalization.

While Ver has belief in his statement, not everyone is convinced that Bitcoin Cash will outperform BTC by that much, if at all.

In the wake of his aforementioned interview on CNBC, the crypto community erupted, pledging not to take Vers rhetoric lying down. Dan Hedl, a long-time Bitcoiner and industry executive/entrepreneur, wrote on Twitter:

Hey @JoeSquawk whats up with this reporting on bcash by CNBC? Roger is saying factually incorrect information about adoption and identity.

Others touted this idea too, with industry commentator Vijay Boyapati drawing attention to a thread in which he stated that the argument that BCH should be used as a form of money rather than BTC is flawed:

[If you believed BCH could appreciate greatly,] there would be a massive opportunity cost to spending your tokens in exchange, and certainly much greater than any expected savings to be had by transacting in it rather than a traditional payment rail.

Theres also been an argument made that Bitcoin is simply superior to its estranged cousin because the chain has much more support from miners than BCH. Just look at the chart below, which shows that Bitcoins hash rate dwarfs that of Bitcoin Cash (and Bitcoin SV too).

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Could Bitcoin Cash Surpass BTC? Roger Ver Thinks It Can Happen - Ethereum World News