Novak Djokovic: ‘I think that the tennis industry needs to keep evolving’ – Tennis World USA

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The intervention of the coach in an individual sport such as tennis appears as a sort of diminutio of the player himself. The competitive trance, the ability to bring home a match that goes wrong is all of the tennis player, and would be mortified by the active intervention of the coach during the competitive act, giving the coach an additional role during the game, making him become protagonist almost as much as the player himself, perhaps bringing tennis coaches to an even more evident role, as happens in the reviled world of football.

Talking with his close friend Fabio Fognini, Novak Djokovic believes tennis should start allowing on-court coaching, but with one major condition. Im always in favour of innovation, World number one said.

I think that the tennis industry needs to keep evolving. One thing Id like to work on is lowering the age of the fan-base, since Im told that in the US and in Europe its usually above 60 years old.

As for rules, I like the experimentation done during the NextGen Finals in Milan. I think that on-court coaching should be implemented, but without letting the crowd hear what is being said, because it would certainly reach the ears of the opponents team.

This past Sunday, the 17-time Grand Slam champion spoke openly about his concerns of potentially being mandated into taking a COVID-19 vaccination before returning to the ATP tour. "I have expressed my views because I have the right to and I also feel responsible to highlight certain essential topics that are concerning the tennis world," the 32-year-old explained to the Associated Press.

"I am no expert, but I do want to have an option to choose what's best for my body. I am keeping an open mind, and I'll continue to research this topic because it is important, and it will affect all of us."

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Novak Djokovic: 'I think that the tennis industry needs to keep evolving' - Tennis World USA

Smita Bellur: The bridge between Hindustani and Sufi singing – The Tribune India

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Rana Siddiqui Zaman

Dont leave music, whatever may happen... Smita Bellur had been told by her mother just a few days before her death. She was still a teenager then, unable to take decisions for herself. Life moved on, but her mothers words remained. No wonder she was to leave her career as a software engineer and take to singing Hindustani classical vocals and Sufi renditions when the time came for it.

Despite almost no financial returns compared to what she was earning as a corporate honcho, Bellur is happy. Making no pretensions, this rising star on the firmament of classical vocals and Sufi rendition says, Music was always my calling. I have always seen myself performing on stage before a large audience. At the recent International Sufi Music Festival, Jahan-e-Khusrau, in New Delhi, one saw her singing a combination of classical and Sufi Amjad Hyderabdi and Warsi Brothers kalaam to immense applause.

But before she took up music full time, she was employed with the Bits-Pilani. On her way to and back from office, she would listen to her gurus and classical maestros. A time came in her life when she quit her high-paying career and engaged in music full time. The trigger was a Sufiyana kalaam by Hazrat Ameer Khurau playing in her car. I went into trance. That day, I quit my job and devoted myself to music, she recalls. That was almost two decades back.

Her passion bore fruit and she cut a few albums while doing shows across the globe. An association as senior faculty for Shankar Mahadevan Academy, a fellowship from Karnataka Sangeet Nritya Academy and the India Foundation for the Arts, etc. further honed her skills. She is now a regular on music festival circuits, television channels and radio stations.

However, for any woman, a journey into classical music and Sufiyana kalam isnt an easy task in India yet. That gaana-bajana sarcasm still doesnt spare them. Fortunately, Bellur has lived most of her life in Bengaluru where training in music and arts is considered equivalent to worship of vidya. My parents were keen on my learning music. But I knew it wont get me much financially. To survive, I trained in a technical field.

So, what does it mean to be a Sufi singer? I learnt Hindustani classical to be better at basics and Sufiyana to reach a wide range of audiences. Thumri and khayal have too limited an audience. Ghazals are about beloved, love lost and found and wine. But I find Sufiyana kalams uplifting. They talk about love for humanity, and in unique ways. Hence, it has local as well as international reach, says Bellur who followed up her training in Hindustani vocals with Sufiyana, which is both entertaining, meditative and spiritual and has a much wider reach than just classical and ghazal singing.

Bellur agrees it is also about how you package your music. She says Rekha Bhardwaj and Richa Sharma may not be trained in Sufi gayaki but have the skills and are among the most well-known women singers in India. In the recent past, Nooran Sisters and Roohani Sisters have brought some stir in the calm waters of Sufiyana kalam which remained largely unoccupied by women, but for Abida Parveen.

Aaj kal achchi gayaki ke alawa bhi bahut kuch chahiye hota hai stage presentation ke liye. Famous Sufi singers from Pakistan, like Sanam Marvi, are young, beautiful and presentable. People like listening to them. However, it is true that legends like Begum Akhtar, Shanti Hiranand and Abida Parveen never had to think about presentation, only gayaki. Times have changed. Mumbai, where I live, gives much attention to presentation, and even at all festivals, a singing artsite has to be a complete package.

Even if you fit the bill, Smita says, financial viability is a challenge. For an independent singer, survival is very difficult. Organisers dont want to pay well despite your skills. At times, it goes as low as Rs5,000-10,000 per concert, a fee that the artiste has to share with accompanists. The latter still get a lot of chances with various vocalists, but for the main artiste, payments have always been a challenge, she minces no words.

Lockdown blues

The shutting down of the country due to Covid-19 has led to cancelling of various concerts and it is the beginning of a tough time for artistes. Bellur is keeping herself busy by taking classes and still keeps releasing her ghazals, Sufi kalaams and classical (Hindustani and Carnatic) renditions on social media. God is razzak (the one who gives rizk, the food). He will take care of us, she smiles.

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Smita Bellur: The bridge between Hindustani and Sufi singing - The Tribune India

FALLEN is Modern Mythology Unafraid to Delve Into the Deities Dirt – Monkeys Fighting Robots

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If one were to combine the biopic Party Monster with Neil Gaimans American Gods, the result would look like Fallen, a Kickstarter-produced comic created and written by Matt Ringel and drawn by Henry Ponciano. Several gods from the pantheons of the Greek, Norse, Shinto, and Aztec mythologies are banished to Earth and cut off from their kin while retaining their power and immortality.

The first issue introduces us to some of the now-earthbound Olympians, including Zeus, Athena, and Apollo, and a contingent from Asgard, such as Loki, Thor, and Odin. For our divine friends, it is on Earth as it was in the heavens, i.e., spending much of their time drinking, womanizing, and collecting wealth. Here, though, its 1986 New York City, and theyre celestial mobsters running nightclubs and the like. So, same stuff, different century.

One way the gods keep power is imparting some of their might and immortality to a human ward. This is done as a condition of their exile is, they can no longer directly affect the world of people. The wards can step in and influence the rabble on the gods behalf, so the gods can still be, well, gods. This all changes when Zeus is murdered in his penthouse. His right-hand man, Casper Clay, is now on the hunt for the killer.

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(Bad news: Zeus is dead. Good news: Hercules isnt on the hook for a Fathers Day gift.)

As Ive said here before, I love indie comics, especially ones that have been crowd-funded. Even books not at the level of a Big 2 product are still pieces of art requiring a village to create. It also represents a level of courage, putting your vision out to the public and asking them to fund it. For many creators, its their first foray into publishing and placing work in front of an audience is daunting.

Fallen is well-done on several fronts. It looks and reads like a book published traditionally. The storyline of gods on Earth isnt new; very little under the sun is new. The key is adding enough variables to make it original, and Matt Ringel did that. Its not a stretch to imagine the gods as mafioso, but turning them into club kids and drug dealers and inserting them in NYC in the mid-80s is a unique premise.

Ringels dialogue is excellent. The gods talk like ordinary people. They have normal emotions. It feels like reading about regular folks because the script is well-written and doesnt go all-in on heavy descriptors and flowery prose. Its straight-forward. Its a gritty story with a gritty feel. These beings are doing shady things, and you feel that sensation of being on the outside of the law and the establishment.

The art is stellar. Henry Ponciano not only provides a well-drawn book, but the layout and framing are well done. Too many times in self-published books, creators try to reinvent the wheel and do crazy layouts with a tendency to be more distracting than creative. The pages of Fallen are laid out in a way that provides more detail, allowing the reader to better feel the environment while following most of the basic rules of comic book layout.

The story is dark, and the scenes and colors represent that. Fallen doesnt feel like a breezy Marvel production or one of DCs epics. This book has a back-alley feel dripping from every page. The immoral dealings of the gods are represented with noir-infused beauty.

(Tom Hiddleston & Chris Helmsworth they aint.)

Its a quick read because the story moves fast. The plot is lean with no extra fat. It gets where it needs to be with efficiency, but that doesnt mean it lacks detail or depth. You get a strong vibe from each character as to who they are, what theyre about, and the methods theyre willing to use to achieve their goals. Toben Racicots letters fit perfectly. While sticking to the basic all-caps tradition, Racicot adds just a touch of flair, allowing them to shine while not detracting from the art. For me, the best letterers are the ones following the rules while standing out amongst their peers. Racicots letters are recognizable the same way a Jim Lee- or Adam Kubert-drawn panel is.

Fallen provides a new spin on an old tale and does it by infusing the story with dirt, grime, and some godly magic. Fallen is a must-read for lovers of mythology, crime dramas, or well-constructed comics.

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Dairy drives help keep pride in the dairyland – WAOW

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AUBURNDALE, Wis. (WAOW) -- In a time of struggle for dairy farmers, Auburndale High School and many others are doing what they can to show support.

The last month and a half has been a lot of trials and tribulations, said Kylie Brown. She's a teacher, mother, and she milks cows every week on her brother's dairy farm.

She knows in many ways, its just been a stressful time for everybody

Her brother, Adam has been selling his milk for ten dollars per hundredweight. In order to break even, he should be selling for at least sixteen dollars.

Mark Cournoyer, FFA Director at Auburndale High School said, Everybody got quarantined, restaurants closed, and the demand for cheese and other dairy products fell by the waist side.

In the Auburndale School District, families love their farms. When the yearly ride your tractor to school event was canceled this week, they all shared videos online.

There are 76 dairy farms in the school district. So, the FFA and student leadership team started a dairy drive.

The response has been unbelievable, said Cournoyer

They raised $550 dollars for each week of the drive. The school is adding locally-sourced dairy products to the student meals they send home.

Cournoyer said, This week, theyre going to be getting two blocks of cheese, a gallon of butter, and a gallon of milk.

They're focusing mainly on cheese because it cuts down the amount of milk on the market by ninety percent. In other words, ten pounds of milk equals one pound of cheese.

It also has a longer shelf life for families. Cheese is milks step into immortality, said Cournoyer

As the market fills and prices fall, community members in Auburndale and across Wisconsin are rising to the challenge.

Cournoyer said, Ive been here for almost twenty years and Ive never seen people step up in the way that they have for our dairy farmers here in central Wisconsin.

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Dairy drives help keep pride in the dairyland - WAOW

True History of the Kelly Gang is all style – FanSided

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Justin Kurzels True History of the Kelly Gang has great performances and sleek style, but not much to say of substance about the Australian outlaw.

Ned Kelly, a figure of Jesse James like stature in Australia, is a mostly murky figure. He was a bushranger and an outlaw who became an icon in his home country as much for his helmet and bulletproof armor as his lawlessness. But despite various attempts to put his story to screen, its not particularly clear what his deal is.True History of the Kelly Gangisnt going to change that.

The True History of the Kelly Gang is director Justin Kurzels take on the narrative and hes done his damndest to hit the marks of successful modern sensibilities: Dark, sexy, queer. Nicholas Hoult even lounges menacingly in nothing but garters. But despite strong performances and moments of greatness,Kelly Gang never coalesces, and it never figures out quite what it has to say about its legendary protagonist.

The film is based on the 2000 novelThe True History of the Kelly Gang and thus takes its historical accuracy cues nothing you are about to see is true from there. The first 40 minutes follow a young Ned (Orlando Schwerdt) as he comes of age on his familys backcountry farm, his dad (Ben Corbett) a drunk, his mom (Essie Davis) forced into sex work, a British sergeant (Charlie Hunnam) always lurking around, before hes sold to bushranger known as Harry Power (Russell Crowe). When Ned later returns home a young man (1917s George MacKay), family trouble and a sadistic British constable (Nicholas Hoult) set into motion a chain of events that lead Ned to outlaw immortality.

Without a doubt, the performances areKelly Gangs crown jewels. Crowe is wonderful, clearly having the time of his life as a mischievous bad influence, and Hunnam and Hoult both sink their teeth into their respective roles as villainous, occupying Brits. (Hoult, to be fair, gets the more extravagantly psychotic material; Hunnam more in magnanimous savior mode.)

As Ned, MacKay does his best with a character weve pretty much seen before. Hes a man forced to violence out of a sense of familial responsibility foisted on him too young with a bottomless well of both mommy and daddy issues while devolving increasingly into manic madness and self-mythologizing because surprise! he has a sensitive streak. The best of MacKays performance is bracingly, intensely physical, but his most impressive scene may be the one of the more vulnerable moments Ned shares with an English teacher hostage.

But, with all due respect to MacKay, Davis is the films true star as Kelly matriarch Ellen. Shes a magnetic and terrifying piece of work and you never for one second doubt her power to keep all these men truly, every single one of them under her sway. From an innuendo-laden dinner conversation to a jail cell confrontation, Davis electrifies every scene shes in.

In addition to stellar performances, Kelly Gangalso has moments of true beauty, stunningly composed shots leveraging the full visual power of the Australian bush and the dramatic, eye-catching aesthetic embraced by the outlaws.

However, as a sum of these parts,The True History of the Kelly Ganglacks cohesion, momentum and ultimately, impact. Neds glaring parental problems its no surprise to learn Kurzel directed MacKay to approach scenes with Davis like he would a romantic partner arent particularly interesting, nor really is his quasi-romance or motivating conflict. The story simply drags, feeling much longer than its two-hour runtime.

Furthermore, for film lauded as gender-bending, transgressive and queer, it falls short of committing to any of those three things. The party line for why the men wear dresses into battle is that men are afraid of what they dont understand and men fear crazy. If his father, brother or any of the men in Neds gang are motivated otherwise, its not made text. And despite all the codifiers of intimacy and a romantic relationship between Ned and his best friend Joe (Sean Keenan) not to mention overwhelming sexual tension between Ned and Fitzpatrick in their first meeting plausible deniability abounds. (That said, the other lines of sexual attraction inKelly Gangare a Pandoras box of Oedipal complexes, pedophilia and power trips so maybe Ned and Joe are well enough left alone.)

Ultimately,Kelly Gangdoes not seem know what to do (or what it wants to do) with all the imagery, aesthetic and cultural signifiers it references. For all the monologues and speeches, theres no real sense of how the film understands Ned and his legacy or how a gender-bending punk rock veneer might elucidate some valuable truth about his story. Its sleek and stylish, and then its over.

There is a sharp, bold and visually stunning telling of the Ned Kelly myth somewhere in The True History of the Kelly Gang, but in the end, its too long, too uncertain and too flat to be legendary.

True History of the Kelly Gang is available on digital and on demandApril 24.

For more, explore the Reviews section at FanSided.com.

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True History of the Kelly Gang is all style - FanSided

What We Do in the Shadows is a vampire comedy about being stuck at home – The Verge

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Theres something soothing about watching a bunch of vampires be absolute morons on television every week. Theyre undead, capable of incredible feats, dark magic, and, in most cases, have been alive for hundreds of years. They should possess at least a little more finesse than Michael Scott. And yet, the bloodsucking clowns of What We Do in the Shadows are so very bad at being immortal monsters, which means they are excellent at comedy.

FXs TV series, based on the Taika Waititi film of the same name, returned for a second season just as funny as ever. Like the movie, the show follows a trio of vampires this time, they live on Staten Island as opposed to the New Zealand of the films living together in a derelict old manor. Nandor (Kayvan Novak), Laszlo (Matt Berry), and Nadja (Natasia Demetriou) are hundreds of years old and also total dorks. Theyre bad at most things they do, but as long as they dont accidentally stumble into sunlight or fall on a wooden stake, theyll get over it. (It turns out, vampirism is a very potent form of failing upward.)

While this is extremely similar to the movie its based on, the TV version of What We Do in the Shadows fleshes out its mockumentary antics with a few additions to the formula: namely, a familiar, Guillermo (Harvey Guilln) who serves them in hopes of becoming a vampire, and Colin Robinson (Mark Proksch), an energy vampire who looks normal but feeds off the ambient misery of everyone around him.

Colin and Guillermo are the reason What We Do in the Shadows works as a show, two regular-looking dudes juxtaposed against their goth reality show roommates that also have their own normcore sociopathic tendencies. Colin, in particular, gives the show a feeling very similar to The Office. As an energy vampire, he feeds off everyones annoyance and goes out of his way to be obnoxiously corny and irritating. (One very good Colin bit involves him incessantly saying updog as if it were a joke no one had ever heard before.)

Like the best work of show creator Jemaine Clement (who co-wrote the film with Waititi), theres a lot of fun to be had with taking the iconography of the occult and supernatural and putting them in front of the mundanity of the mockumentary. What happens when theyre haunted by a very petty ghost? Or deal with animal control when it captures one of them in bat form? Or accidentally get a pet zombie?

Watching What We Do in the Shadows is oddly cathartic while social distancing. Maybe its because the vampires of the show are also isolated in a fashion, unable to see the sunlight and absolutely kooky as a result. Maybe, What We Do in the Shadows argues, immortality wouldnt make you cool or fearsome, but instead really freaking weird. In that way, its kind of like watching a reality show about patently awful people. Maybe you have your flaws, but hey: youre not that bad!

If youve spent any of the last month on Twitter, the corniest social network, you might have noticed a meme going around where people ask each other to pick their preferred quarantine house. Simply put, the tweets list groups of people, real or fictional, and asks which set you would like to shack up with while social distancing. Like all bad memes, theres very little logic to them other than asking people to argue for the posters amusement, and this makes them consistently unfunny at least until the lists get so baffling that the meme loops around to becoming funny again.

Its a bad meme, but its one that feels appropriate for understanding why What We Do in the Shadows is so fun to watch. Like in this silly Twitter exercise, no one in their right mind would probably want to share a home with a bunch of vampires. But after watching What We Do in the Shadows, why not? It could be fun. I wouldnt recommend vampirism as a quarantine hobby, but being weirder? Sure. We could stand to be a little weirder.

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What We Do in the Shadows is a vampire comedy about being stuck at home - The Verge

Seven Questions: Former COSI CEO Kathy Sullivan on Space Exploration – Columbus Monthly

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In advance of a virtual author talk for her book Handprints on Hubble, the retired astronaut discusses the telescope's enduring contributions and the importance of investing in NASA, even during a pandemic.

This Friday marks the 30th anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescopes launch, which has fundamentally changed humans ability to view the cosmos. Playing a key role in that deployment, Kathy Sullivan was one of five crew members aboard the Discovery space shuttle that delivered the technological payload into Earths orbit. She had already made history six years earlier, in 1984, when she became the first American woman to complete a spacewalk.

Sullivan has had a remarkable career on many levels, later serving as the administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; director of Ohio State Universitys Battelle Center for Science, Engineering and Public Policy; and CEO of COSI. But she considers the telescope project to be her seminal work. Without question, I am most proud to have been on Team Hubble, she says.

On Friday at 2 p.m., she will commemorate the telescopes three decades in operation with a virtual talk about her new book, Handprints on Hubble, through the Columbus Metropolitan Library; the event is free but registration is required here. In anticipation of her talk, we connected via email to discuss more about her career and the importance of scientific investment.

The public associates the Hubble mostly with these colorful, fantastic images of space, but from an experts perspective, what are the most important things weve learned because of it?

Entire books have been written about the scientific advances generated by Hubble, so I can only give a few teasers of its cool discoveries here: pinning down the age of the universe (13.75 billion years); peering back into the oldest galaxies; confirming the existence of supermassive black holes and discovering that black holes lurk at the center of every major galaxy; finding new moons of Pluto; measuring the atmosphere of an alien planet; discovering water plumes erupting off the surface of Jupiters moon Europa; understanding the seasons on other planets; creating the first 3D map of dark matter. And many, many more.

What motivated you to write Handprints on Hubble?

Every account of the telescopes history I had ever read left out an important chapter and overlooked some key people. The crux of the missing chapter is the foresight and inventiveness that went into making Hubble maintainable, both by design and in practice. Hubble was certainly an innovation in astronomical telescopes, but maintenance is the reason it is still alive today and regarded as one of the most productive observatories ever built. I worked alongside the engineers who made Hubble maintainable from 1985 to 1990. I wanted to give them their due and show how much innovation is actually involved in keeping such a complex machine going.

What first got you interested in space flight and being an astronaut?

I followed the early space program avidly as a young girl. The grand, exciting adventure of it all entranced me and made me long to have an adventurous life myself, but did not spark, I want to be an astronaut. I didnt aim at that specific goal until I was finishing my [doctorate] in oceanography, and NASA opened the competition for the first class of space shuttle astronauts. My primary motivation then was the chance to see the Earth from space with my own eyes.

You were in the original space shuttle class at NASA at a time when women were first becoming participants in the space flight program. How have you seen womens involvement in the field change in the decades since then?

It has changed a lot, but much more slowly than I would have liked. Though the numbers are still small, more women are participating across the boardin engineering, science, flight operations and management, both within NASA and in the commercial sector. Im particularly pleased to see women leading and succeeding in positions of power and influence, such as mission commander, flight director and senior executive.

Is there more that needs to be done to encourage young women to see this as a potential career path?

Yes. It is a great career path, and we need the talents and energy of many more young people to drive the field forward. Girls interested in a space career face some unique headwinds, like old stereotypes about science being for boys and social pressures that say you can be popular or smart, but not both. We also have to overcome the common belief that science is an innate aptitude one either has or lacks, rather than a muscle anybody can exercise and develop. I wish parents would see basic science competence as a skill set that will be vital to their childrens success in a 21st century world, rather than an option they might or might not like. Then there are countless classroom barriers, among them my pet peeve that math and science classes, from middle school to first-year college, are all too often taught in mind-numbingly boring, rote ways.

I watched the Netflix documentary One Strange Rock about the experiences of former astronauts, and some of them talked about how seeing the world from outer space shifted their views of the planet and how interconnected we all are. Did your work in space exploration change your perspective of Earth?

Anyone who says they were unmoved or unchanged by seeing the Earth from that vantage point is lying. Earth science and geography had been the focus of my entire career, so I perhaps had a richer sense of the planet and our many interconnections before seeing it from space than many of my colleagues. The view from orbit illustrated and reinforced some things I already knew and, as all grand experiences will do, filled me with a host of new questions I had never known to ponder. Those eventually drove my career shift from NASA to NOAA (the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Agency).

People often talk about the spending associated with NASA, and as a percentage of the federal budget it has generally trended downward over the past three decades. At a time of crisis when budgets are likely to be increasingly tight, should we continue to invest in space exploration?

Yes, absolutely. For a fraction of a penny from each tax dollar, NASAs work drives innovation and discovery, fosters new businesses and inspires future generations. We must not let the urgencies of the moment wipe out these important catalysts of our future.

***

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Seven Questions: Former COSI CEO Kathy Sullivan on Space Exploration - Columbus Monthly

The 40 Most Important Events in the History of Space Exploration – 24/7 Wall St.

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Special Report

John Harrington

With the COVID-19 pandemic affecting every aspect of everyday life, its easy to forget about what else is going on in the world and that includes significant historical moments and fun holidays. One of them is May 1 Space Day.

24/7 Tempo has compiled a list of the coolest and most unforgettable moments in space exploration after reviewing material from NASA, news articles from decades ago and information from the National Archives and Records Administration.

If Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, Amerigo Vespucci, and Vasco Da Gama helped Western civilization in the Age of Discovery reach new worlds, in the Space Age, Yuri Gagarin, John Glenn, Valentina Tereshkova, and Neil Armstrong took humanity to Earths orbit and beyond. Those space pioneers launched our world into a realm that had been pondered by astronomers, philosophers, religious figures, science fiction writers and poets.

The Space Age paralleled the Cold War, and when the Soviet Union succeeded in launching Sputnik into space in 1957, it was seen as much a threat to U.S. national security as a scientific triumph. Sputniks success was the starting gun of the space race that put the prestige of nations on the line.

The competition for supremacy in space made national heroes of Gagarin, Glenn, Tereshkova, and Armstrong, among many other astronauts and cosmonauts in the 20th century. They would gain fame as astronauts on the Mercury and Apollo missions during the 1960s here are 30 special skills astronauts need to master to do their job.

Click here to see the most unforgettable moments in space exploration.

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The UAE wants to send people to Mars. But first, a practice round on Earth. – Space.com

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The United Arab Emirates sent its first astronaut to space for a week last fall; the country's next astronaut mission will last longer but remain much closer to home.

The mission will last eight months but send its crew only to Moscow, where six would-be astronauts will live in isolation and work on science and technology projects that could benefit a crewed mission to Mars. Of those crewmembers, one will hail from the UAE. The analog mission is the first major project under the purview of the Mars 2117 Project, which aims to facilitate sustainable human exploration on Mars over the course of a century.

"This is our first engagement and involvement in an analog mission," Adnan AlRais, program manager of Mars 2117 at the UAE's Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, told Space.com. "This is going to be our first step in preparing our own experiments hopefully to be conducted on future human spaceflight."

Related: Hazzaa AlMansoori: The 1st Emirati astronaut's space station mission in photos

The UAE Mars Analog project is taking place through NASA's SIRIUS program, which runs analog missions at a biomedical facility in Russia. The UAE signed on to a mission that is scheduled to begin in November and continue through July 2021, including a total of six crewmembers.

One of those crewmembers and one member of the backup crew will be selected by the UAE as it works to build up a roster of analog astronauts. The first mission will be staffed from 10 finalists selected from more than 100 applicants in a process that began in February. The finalists, whom the space center is not yet identifying, will complete medical and psychological analyses and additional interviews before the analog astronaut and backup are announced in May.

During that process, the team selecting analog astronauts will also consult Hazzaa AlMansoori, who flew to the International Space Station for a week in September and October, and his backup, Sultan Al-Neyadi. "We will definitely use their experience," AlRais said. "They have been through something similar throughout their training for the first mission." Ali Almansoori and Al Neyadi won't take part in the analog mission itself, however; instead, they will be focused on the country's current push to recruit new astronauts for spaceflight missions.

Once selected, the two would-be astronauts will complete a few months of training in the UAE, including learning Russian. Next, it's off to Russia for additional training and a two-week practice run. If all goes well, the crew will "deploy" in November for eight months of isolation.

During the mission, the crew will work on a range of science and technology projects, including five designed by universities in the UAE that are designed to tackle priorities for long-term space exploration, like mental health in isolation and impacts on the body, including on the cardiovascular system. "With Mars 2117, we are focusing on certain areas that are challenges that we're going to face on the surface of Mars when it comes to like food, water, energy security and technologies we need," AlRais said. "Those challenges, we are facing them on Earth [as well]."

The signature project within the Mars 2117 program will be what the UAE is calling Mars Science City, a space and life sciences research facility that will eventually host analog missions. But the UAE wanted that design to be informed by initial analog missions, and didn't want to wait to participate in such projects until the facility is built.

"Mars Science City is our platform," AlRais said. "With the Mars Science City we're basically at the stage where we are identifying the requirements, the specs and design. We want to develop state-of-the-art facilities here."

AlRais emphasized that a core principle of the UAE's space program, which began in 2006, has been to go deep on specific programs as a way to build capacity quickly. The country hopes Mars 2117 and its human spaceflight program which is eyeing more missions to the space station, as well as future flights to NASA's proposed lunar Gateway and Mars will spur that sort of solid foundation.

"As a young nation, we've managed to achieve so many things on the ground. We have all the opportunities, we have all the possibilities to contribute internationally," AlRais said. "Mars is one target. We're going to go to Mars and beyond with such long-term vision that we have in the country."

Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her @meghanbartels. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

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The UAE wants to send people to Mars. But first, a practice round on Earth. - Space.com

COVID-19 Impacts on Artificial Intelligence In Space Exploration Market Growth Ratio Analysis with Top Players Like Maxar Technologies, Motiv Space…

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Global Artificial Intelligence In Space Exploration Market Size, Status and Forecast 2020-2027

The Global Artificial Intelligence In Space Exploration Market report mainly elaborates market size, share, trends, and growth analysis on the basis of different parameters. The Global Artificial Intelligence In Space Exploration Industry analysis is provided for the international markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, and key regions development status on the definition, types, applications and major players of the Artificial Intelligence In Space Exploration market in detail.

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Artificial Intelligence In Space Exploration Market Maxar Technologies, Motiv Space Systems, Altius Space Machines, Northrop Grumman, Honeybee Robotics, Astrobotic Technology, Made In Space, and Effective Space Solutions

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Top Key players: Cisco Systems, Lifesize, Company Overview, Business Strategy, SWOT Analysis, Key Product Offerings, Adobe Systems, Microsoft Corporation, ZTE Corporation, Avaya, Inc., BT Conferencing, Level 3 Communications, LLC, Visions Connected Netherlands BV, Singtel Optus Pty Limited., and NTT Communications Corporation

Our new sample is updated which correspond in new report showing impact of COVID-19 on Industry

The report scrutinizes different business approaches and frameworks that pave the way for success in businesses. The report used Porters five techniques for analyzing the Artificial Intelligence In Space Exploration Market; it also offers the examination of the global market. To make the report more potent and easy to understand, it consists of info graphics and diagrams. Furthermore, it has different policies and development plans which are presented in summary. It analyzes the technical barriers, other issues, and cost-effectiveness affecting the market.

Global Artificial Intelligence In Space Exploration Market Research Report 2020 carries in-depth case studies on the various countries which are involved in the Artificial Intelligence In Space Exploration market. The report is segmented according to usage wherever applicable and the report offers all this information for all major countries and associations. It offers an analysis of the technical barriers, other issues, and cost-effectiveness affecting the market. Important contents analyzed and discussed in the report include market size, operation situation, and current & future development trends of the market, market segments, business development, and consumption tendencies. Moreover, the report includes the list of major companies/competitors and their competition data that helps the user to determine their current position in the market and take corrective measures to maintain or increase their share holds.

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TABLE OF CONTENT:

1 Report Overview

2 Global Growth Trends

3 Market Share by Key Players

4 Breakdown Data by Type and Application

5 United States

6 Europe

7 China

8 Japan

9 Southeast Asia

10 India

11 Central & South America

12 International Players Profiles

13 Market Forecast 2020-2027

14 Analysts Viewpoints/Conclusions

15 Appendix

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COVID-19 Impacts on Artificial Intelligence In Space Exploration Market Growth Ratio Analysis with Top Players Like Maxar Technologies, Motiv Space...

Trump EO: The Moon and Other Celestial Bodies Should Be Open to Private Resource Development | Doug Bandow – Foundation for Economic Education

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Despite the current chaos caused by the coronavirus, Washington still must consider the future. Which explains the presidents new executive order that would allow private resource development on the moon and asteroids. It clearly rejects the common heritage of mankind rhetoric deployed by the United Nations on behalf of the Law of the Sea Treaty, which four decades ago created a special UN body to seize control of seabed resources.

The EO issued earlier this month explained that

Successful long-term exploration and scientific discovery of the Moon, Mars, and other celestial bodies will require partnership with commercial entities to recover and use resources, including water and certain minerals, in outer space.

The measure began the process of revising an uncertain legal regime which currently discourages private sector development.

The administration pointed to the 1979 Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (known as the Moon treaty) and the 1967 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of State in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (typically called the Outer Space Treaty). Neither is friendly to entrepreneurs or explorers with a commercial bent.

In response, the president announced that

Americans should have the right to engage in commercial exploration, recovery, and use of resources in outer space, consistent with applicable law. Outer space is a legally and physically unique domain of human activity, and the United States does not view it as a global commons. Accordingly, it shall be the policy of the United States to encourage international support for the public and private recovery and use of resources in outer space, consistent with applicable law.

The documents main directive is for the Secretary of State, in cooperation with other agencies, to take all appropriate actions to encourage international support for the public and private recovery and use of resources in outer space. The secretary is to negotiate joint statements and bilateral and multilateral arrangements with foreign states regarding safe and sustainable operations for the public and private recovery and use of space resources.

Obviously, the administrations attention is directed elsewhere at the moment. However, the potential benefits of turning to space are significant. The value of scientific research is obvious and continues to drive government agencies such as NASA. Launch services and space tourism have caught the interest of private operators. Such activities offer fewer legal and practical difficulties than attempting to establish some sort of long-term presence in the great beyond.

More complex development of space is a longer-term prospect. However, that makes it even more imperative to encourage innovation by creating institutions and incentives that encourage responsible development of what truly is the final frontier.

Even now visionaries are imagining the possibilities of space. Last year two long-time space entrepreneurs, Jeff Greason and James C. Bennett, wrote a detailed study for the Reason Foundation on the potential for economic development of this different world, so vast and mysterious to most of us. Among possible activities:

tapping space-based clean energy sources, mining asteroids for useful raw materials, developing safe venues for scientific experiments, upcycling/sequestering hazardous but valuable debris currently in space, tapping sources of water already in space, to decouple into oxygen and hydrogen for space fuels and oxidizers, and to provide radiation shielding mass, and using the low-gravity, low-temperature and other properties of space for many activities, including manufacturing and research.

Greason and Bennett advocate an important role for NASA but propose to achieve that by redirecting existing funds rather than increasing expenditures. They see gradual growth in private sector activities, which have become increasingly significant in recent years, though focused on launches. The authors write: our current radical transformation in space transport as private actors and market forces have slashed the costs of accessing space. These advancements have already greatly reduced costs for not only NASA, but also civilian (mostly satellite) and military space transport as well.

To expand the private role in space Washington should focus on establishing a positive legal framework. The U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act was a start, though its greatest emphasis was on launch activities. However, the legislation included a short section on Space Resource Exploration and Utilization.

Congress instructed the president to:

(1) facilitate commercial exploration for and commercial recovery of space resources by United States citizens; (2) discourage government barriers to the development in the United States of economically viable, safe, and stable industries for commercial exploration for and commercial recovery of space resources in manners consistent with the international obligations of the United States; and (3) promote the right of United States citizens to engage in commercial exploration for and commercial recovery of space resources free from harmful interference.

Needed now is a specific legal code to cover commercial activities in space. What is the legal status of areas used for mining, experiments, or other activities? How to sort out disputes over territories claimed? To what resources can companies gain title? What contract law applies to transactions involving space? And to agreements concluded in space? How about criminal law covering participants in a gradually expanding space presence?

A new international framework also is needed. Existing agreements do not suffice.

The Moon Treaty restricted use of the Moon (and other celestial bodies) exclusively for peaceful purposes. The prohibition on military activities is broad, though obviously unenforceable: Any threat or use of force or any other hostile act or threat of hostile act on the Moon is prohibited. It is likewise prohibited to use the Moon in order to commit any such act or to engage in any such threat in relation to the Earth, the Moon, spacecraft, the personnel of spacecraft or manmade space objects.

This pact included a long list of unobjectionable, even obvious, admonitions: consider the interests of future generations, be guided by the principle of cooperation and mutual assistance, alert other countries to conflicting uses, consider making Moon materials collected available to other states, dont disrupt the environment, and adopt all practicable measures to safeguard the life and health of persons on the Moon.

What about commercialization? The agreement offered little guidance but appeared hostile. It was adopted when the redistributionist New Economic Order was being pushed by the long-gone Group of 77 at the UN, which represented largely socialist dictatorships which sought to guilt the West into transferring vast resources to their treasuries. Indeed, the Moon Treaty embodied many of the same principles behind the Law of the Sea Treatys section governing seabed mining. The latter emerged when the prospect of trillions of dollars worth of minerals littering the ocean floor bedazzled big spending, highly indebted Third World governments. Naturally, they demanded their share of the action.

Years of negotiation yielded an almost comical Rube Goldberg system, in which the least capable states would rule. The Authority would control seabed mining. The Enterprise would mine the common heritage of mankind on behalf of the worlds most corrupt, least developed, and largely undemocratic regimes. Rules were established to limit mining, transfer technology, and redistribute wealth. The Soviet Union was granted three seats, the U.S. only one. There was no veto for America. High on the agenda of the two UN conferences developing the treaty which I attended was constant maneuvering by conference leaders hoping to grab post-ratification jobs at The Authoritylater headquartered in Jamaica but without much to do since seabed mining never took off.

The Moon Treaty similarly declared that the Moon and other celestial bodies would be the common heritage of mankind. There would be no security of property or tenure: Neither the surface nor the subsurface of the Moon, nor any part thereof or natural resources in place, shall become property of any State, international intergovernmental or non-governmental organization, national organization or non-governmental entity or of any natural person.

Those who ratified the document pledged to undertake to establish an international regime to govern the exploitation of the natural resources of the Moon. Such an entity, imagine a heavenly version of The Authority, would be directed to ensure orderly development and rational management of resources and of course an equitable sharing by all, by which the interests and needs of the developing countries would be given special consideration. Meaning interlunar, and perhaps even interstellar or intergalactic income redistribution.

Obviously, an outer space LOST would be a very bad idea. Although the Moon Treaty hangs over space development, it can be easily ignored, having received but 18 ratifications, none by states capable of exploring space. America, China, and Russia neither signed nor ratified the agreement. India signed but did not ratify. The only European nations to ratify are Austria, Belgium, and the Netherlands. None of them appears ready to go to the Moon, let alone beyond.

The Outer Space Treaty, in contrast, has been ratified by 109 countries, including all of the major potential players in space. However, the pact primarily covers two issues. First, it is a disarmament agreement, banning deployment of nuclear weapons in space and reserving the Moon and other celestial bodies for peaceful uses. There are to be no military bases, weapons testing, or military maneuvers.

Second, the treaty encourages safe, responsible action as states explore the heavens. It blesses exploration, scientific investigation, and international cooperation, and forbids countries from claiming sovereignty over celestial bodies. States the treaty: outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means.

Nevertheless, sovereignty is retained over objects launched into space. Moreover, the treaty declares that:

the activities of non-governmental entities in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, shall require authorization and continuing supervision by the appropriate State Party to the Treaty.

Which suggests that commercial activities could be carried out under the authority of member nations.

However, there are no suggested rules. Rather, the text is filled with predictable hortatory sentiments about serving mankind which have no practical import. For instance, Article I states: The exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development, and shall be the province of all mankind. On the issue of conflicting uses by different parties, the pact merely calls on countries to undertake appropriate international consultations before proceeding with any such activity or experiment.

In succeeding years efforts have been made to develop some detailed guidelines, but with little success. The last meeting of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space two years ago produced little.

The best option would be to bring together those nations with the potential for exploring and commercializing space to draft what for seabed mining was called the reciprocating states agreement. That pact created a system for resolving conflicts among ocean floor mining claims. It was never used, since mining never proved financially viable. However, the agreement would have facilitated any commercial activity by creating a mechanism to resolve disputes among companies and governments.

In the longer-term Washington should work with the same governments to develop a more formal international framework, perhaps to be blessed by the UN Security Council, which is dominated by industrialized powers interested in space. Given the LOST debacle, a global conference filled with countries mostly hoping to exact tribute for giving their blessing for other nations space activities should be avoided. Such efforts should accelerate as prospects of commercialization grow more realistic.

Admittedly, commercial activities beyond launching services and tourism look far into the future. However, a number of companies hope to develop a variety of space operations, including on asteroids. For instance, both Deep Space Industries and Planetary Resources were established to do the latter, though have undertaken other, currently more practical, operations. Matt Williams of the website University Today noted that people like Peter Diamandis (founder of X Prize and HeroX) and science communicator Neil DeGrasse Tyson have been saying for years that the first trillionaires will make their fortunes from asteroid mining. Amazons Jeff Bezos founded the space-oriented firm Blue Origin and said he wanted to build space hotels, amusement parks and colonies for 2 million or 3 million people who would be in orbit. Teslas Elon Musk created Space Exploration Technologies, or SpaceX, which today is focused on designing advanced rockets and spacecraft, but obviously could eventually expand in new directions.

Some critics compare such activities to discredited colonialism, but unless they know something the rest of us dont there are no space peoples to conquer and rule. The brutal subjugation of entire populations is why colonialism was a moral outrage and afront to human dignity. People have a unique moral status. There is nothing similarly sacred about the not so pristine surface of the Moon or an asteroid. With due regard for environmental and safety concerns, exploration and commercialization should be encouraged. Indeed, at a time of shrinking government space budgetsif nothing else, recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic will leave little spare change for grandiose, long-term visionary projectsprivate financing might be the only way to advance space development.

Today Washington is very busy dealing with a deadly pandemic. But the crisis will soon pass. Officials should then look to the future, including the possibility of space exploration and commercialization. That will require a proper legal framework to complement the entrepreneurial vision already evident in the U.S. The presidents new executive order is a good step forward. But much more needs to be done to prepare for what hopefully will be a future filled with dramatic steps ever further into space.

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Trump EO: The Moon and Other Celestial Bodies Should Be Open to Private Resource Development | Doug Bandow - Foundation for Economic Education

When facing impossible odds, look to the teamwork of space explorers for inspiration – Pacific Northwest Inlander

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Lost in Space on Netflix might be just the thing to soothe your soul right now.

"The cosmos is within us. We are made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself." Carl Sagan

You know those cheesy framed pieces of wall art that make people groan, saying things like "Smile: you're made of stardust?" I'm not saying it's wrong to groan at them. Groan away. But when I took an astronomy class in college it blew my mind to learn that you seriously are made of the leftovers from stars. It took lots of massive gas clouds exploding with unimaginable power to create the heavier elements that make up our bodies, our lives. We literally wouldn't exist without stardust.

It made me feel a little more connected with the universe, and added some deeper significance to that not-quite-knowable, beautiful twinkling sky that we look to with awe from a young age.

It's not a stretch to see why space exploration stories would be interesting to me. But I realized recently that I often turn to books, TV shows and movies with a sci-fi bent particularly in times of stress, particularly when I can't handle something dark. When I need hope, space stories are better than any other at helping.

Why is that? I've never really dreamed of going to space myself. I'm afraid of falling, so I imagine reentry would be terrifying. I also think I'd get claustrophobic in the tight confines of a space can hurtling toward another planet. There are a lot of things about space travel that I mostly want to admire from afar.

Why, then, do these stories of human ingenuity so inspire me?

At a basic level, space stories almost certainly remind us of everything we take for granted, from going to the bathroom and walking into the next room without thinking about air pressure, to the very basics: food, water, air. Air, breathing, we do it without thinking. But in space, you have to think constantly about whether your air supply is going to last.

It's a subtle slap to the subconscious: Be grateful.

But more than that, there's nearly always an element of discovery and wonder woven in with some surprising and unforeseen dire circumstance that imperils the lives of the crew. That, friends, is when the story highlights the core of the human spirit: teamwork in the face of mortality.

It illustrates the no-man-left-behind lengths that leaders will go to, the sacrifices that will be made in order to save a life, and the reliance on each other, even the people you really don't care for.

And that part of the story almost always relies on the cobbled-together scientific know-how of the crew. Science helps the crew survive. Really, science made their survival in a vacuum possible all along. The expansion of our human understanding of the universe is at the core.

It makes sense why, in a time as scary as this, when a little-understood virus is sweeping the world and many people are being asked to sacrifice more than they've ever had to in their lives, when leaders are being looked to as we ask how they're going to save as many as they can, that these stories would act as a beacon.

Just like the intentionally diverse backgrounds of a deep-space crew, humanity right now is looking to its scientists rushing to find a vaccine, its doctors and nurses working endless hours to save their patients, and the engineers looking to make better ventilators and masks. Humankind is pulling together to beat a surprise "Oh shit!" moment that none of us saw coming. We will figure out a way to seal the ship back up and continue the journey. It has already proven to be hard. But we can figure this out if we work together.

As we look for distraction, levity, inspiration and a reminder of our ability to overcome obstacles, here are a few of the space-themed stories I'd recommend:

BOOKS: Artemis by Andy Weir; Leviathan Wakes by James S. A. Corey (basis for the Amazon TV series The Expanse); The Martian Chronicles by Ray Bradbury; The Wanderers by Meg Howrey

NETFLIX: Another Life; Lost in Space; Mars; Altered Carbon (OK, a stretch on this one, but there are spaceships and multiple planets!)

MOVIES: Interstellar; Sunshine (a thriller, FYI); Arrival

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When facing impossible odds, look to the teamwork of space explorers for inspiration - Pacific Northwest Inlander

Deep Space Exploration and Technology Market Growth, Overview with Detailed Analysis 2020-2026| Airbus Defence & Space, Lockheed Martin, The…

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Global Deep Space Exploration and Technology Market Size, Status and Forecast 2020-2026

This report studies the Deep Space Exploration and Technology market with many aspects of the industry like the market size, market status, market trends and forecast, the report also provides brief information of the competitors and the specific growth opportunities with key market drivers. Find the complete Deep Space Exploration and Technology market analysis segmented by companies, region, type and applications in the report.

The major players covered in Deep Space Exploration and Technology Market @ Barco NV,Brainlab AG,Cerner Corporation,Diversified,Eizo Corporation,General Electric Company (GE),Getinge AB,Hill-Rom Holdings, Inc.,KARL STORZ SE & Co. KG,Olympus Corporation,Richard Wolf GmbH,Steris Plc,Stryker Corporation,Vocera Communications, Inc.

The final report will add the analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 in this report Deep Space Exploration and Technology industry.

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Deep Space Exploration and Technology Market in its database, which provides an expert and in-depth analysis of key business trends and future market development prospects, key drivers and restraints, profiles of major market players, segmentation and forecasting. A Deep Space Exploration and Technology Market provides an extensive view of size; trends and shape have been developed in this report to identify factors that will exhibit a significant impact in boosting the sales of Deep Space Exploration and Technology Market in the near future.

This report focuses on the global Deep Space Exploration and Technology status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players. The study objectives are to present the Deep Space Exploration and Technology development in United States, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, India, and Central & South America.

The Deep Space Exploration and Technology market is a comprehensive report which offers a meticulous overview of the market share, size, trends, demand, product analysis, application analysis, regional outlook, competitive strategies, forecasts, and strategies impacting the Deep Space Exploration and Technology Industry. The report includes a detailed analysis of the market competitive landscape, with the help of detailed business profiles, SWOT analysis, project feasibility analysis, and several other details about the key companies operating in the market.

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To study and forecast the market size of Deep Space Exploration and Technology in global market.

To analyze the global key players, SWOT analysis, value and global market share for top players.

To define, describe and forecast the market by type, end use and region.

To analyze and compare the market status and forecast among global major regions.

To analyze the global key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.

To identify significant trends and factors driving or inhibiting the market growth.

To analyze the opportunities in the market for stakeholders by identifying the high growth segments.

To strategically analyze each submarket with respect to individual growth trend and their contribution to the market

To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.

To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.

The Deep Space Exploration and Technology market research report completely covers the vital statistics of the capacity, production, value, cost/profit, supply/demand import/export, further divided by company and country, and by application/type for best possible updated data representation in the figures, tables, pie chart, and graphs. These data representations provide predictive data regarding the future estimations for convincing market growth. The detailed and comprehensive knowledge about our publishers makes us out of the box in case of market analysis.

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It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Global Deep Space Exploration and Technology Market Overview

Chapter 2: Deep Space Exploration and Technology Market Data Analysis

Chapter 3: Deep Space Exploration and Technology Technical Data Analysis

Chapter 4: Deep Space Exploration and Technology Government Policy and News

Chapter 5: Global Deep Space Exploration and Technology Market Manufacturing Process and Cost Structure

Chapter 6: Deep Space Exploration and Technology Productions Supply Sales Demand Market Status and Forecast

Chapter 7: Deep Space Exploration and Technology Key Manufacturers

Chapter 8: Up and Down Stream Industry Analysis

Chapter 9: Marketing Strategy Deep Space Exploration and Technology Analysis

Chapter 10: Deep Space Exploration and Technology Development Trend Analysis

Chapter 11: Global Deep Space Exploration and Technology Market New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis

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Deep Space Exploration and Technology Market Growth, Overview with Detailed Analysis 2020-2026| Airbus Defence & Space, Lockheed Martin, The...

A new space race in the offing? – Deccan Herald

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As the world is grappling with the coronavirus pandemic and the United States is in a precarious situation, President Donald Trump has passed an executive order allowing Americans the right to engage in commercial exploration, recovery, and use of resources in outer space.

All major spacefaring nations, including the United States of America and India, are signatories of the Outer Space Treaty, 1967. Article II of The Outer Space Treaty, 1967, states: Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means. The Moon Agreement 1979, although ratified by only 18 countries, the US not being one of them, also prohibits the exploration of the moon. The order highlights that US doesnt consider space as global commons and further states that the US is not a party to the 1979 Moon Agreement and doesnt recognise the Agreement to be an effective or necessary instrument to guide nation-states regarding the promotion of commercial participation in the long-term exploration, scientific discovery, and use of the Moon, Mars, or other celestial bodies.

Commercial exploitation of space

While the legal opinion on the legitimacy of exploiting outer space by the US is divided, the intent of commercial exploration is not entirely new. Over the past couple of years, we are seeing increasing interest in asteroid mining and exploitation of space by nation-states. The US Congress had passed the Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act in 2015 giving its citizens the right to possess, own, transport, use, and sell the asteroid resource or space resource obtained. NASAs Artemis Lunar Exploration programme plans to develop a base camp at the south pole of the moon and build other infrastructure to facilitate long-term exploration of the moon. Billionaire explorers like Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk, are also looking to reach Mars and other celestial bodies and take advantage of the resources found.

Luxembourg, a small European nation, has implemented an even more liberal regime than the US for asteroid mining and harvesting of other resources from space. Trumps executive order is an endorsement of the growing global sentiment and formal recognition of the property rights of private players from the US.

Russia has heavily criticised the US, and Trump for the order, stating, attempts to expropriate outer space and aggressive plans to actually seize territories of other planets hardly set the countries (on course for) fruitful cooperation. However, we need to trust actions, not words when we observe sovereign nation-states in the international arena.

Russias space agency Roscosmos has announced plans for a 2024 orbiter, a 2028 sample-return mission, and human flights by 2029-30. China has an ambitious lunar programme with its Change missions. Russia and China are also planning to build a shared data centre for lunar and deep-sea research. It will be interesting to see whether all these missions are only towards the pursuit of science or are there other strategic and economic interests that the countries will undertake.

New strains in international order

Setting up bases and exploiting and trading resources found in space is also a way of asserting power in space. Most states now acknowledge space as a new domain of security, and thus are building capabilities to safeguard their interests and project power. While building defensive capabilities through specialised defence space agencies is one way, establishing economic avenues through the exploitation of resources and trade is the other way to gain primacy.

The Outer Space Treaty, enacted in 1967, in the wake of the cold war and the height of the space race, has done well to prevent exploitation of space so far. As space exploration and travel is becoming cheaper, and there is increased participation from private players, we are likely to see new strains in the international order. We would observe an increased interest in property rights in space and countries trying to enable, if not encourage, their private players to harvest resources in space.

The executive order says that the US is looking to negotiate multilateral agreements with foreign states for sustainable operations for the recovery of space resources. India needs to be cognizant of the developments in this new space race. While the Moon Agreement which India has signed but not ratified may prove to be a thorn, India must take prudent measures to ensure that its citizens can reap the economic dividends of space exploration while India can safeguard its strategic interests.

(Utkarsh Narain is a technology policy analyst at the Takshashila Institution)

Disclaimer: The views expressed above are the authors own. They do not necessarily reflect the views of DH.

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A new space race in the offing? - Deccan Herald

Governor DeSantis announces Aerion Supersonic will move global headquarters to Florida – The Apopka Voice

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The Space Coast has become a hub for the aviation and aerospace industry, and my administration continues to make it a priority to expand this high-wage and important business sector,said Governor DeSantis. We are thrilled that Aerion has selected Melbourne for its new global headquarters and look forward to the companys success.

We are building the next generation of high-speed transportation networks that will revolutionize global mobility without leaving a carbon footprint on our world,said Tom Vice, Aerion Chairman, President & CEO. Our AS2 business jet the worlds first privately built supersonic aircraft is the first stage in that exciting endeavor. Having evaluated a number of potential locations for our new home, we are excited to partner with Florida and the Melbourne community to create a sustainable supersonic future.

Over the past decade, Floridas Space Coast executed a successful strategy to diversify its economy to drive high-wage job creation. Brevard County now leads Florida in manufacturing job growth and is increasingly home to headquarters for some of the most innovative companies in aerospace. The announcement of Aerion Supersonics integrated campus and long-term investment in Melbourne is a major win for a community looking to emerge from the economic consequences of the COVID-19 crisis.

Todays announcement is great news for Brevard County,said Jamal Sowell, Florida Secretary of Commerce and EFI president & CEO. Floridas strong talent pipeline and low tax business climate continue to make it top of mind for businesses looking to relocate. We look forward to Aerions success as they start a new chapter in the Sunshine State.

This is a truly transformational project for Florida that changes the game both for high speed air transportation as well for advanced aerospace manufacturing in the state,said Frank DiBello, President and CEO of Space Florida. The decision to locate manufacturing of this technologically advanced supersonic flight vehicle here in Florida is a testament to the growing strength and global recognition of the importance of Florida as a world-leading aerospace state. Space Florida is pleased to have provided financing, structure and development assistance to this project.

Brevard County is home to the pioneers of space exploration and now the pioneers of sustainable supersonic transportation.said Economic Development Commission of Floridas Space Coast President and CEO Lynda Weatherman. Aerion Park raises the profile of the Space Coast as the premier site for the most innovative aerospace companies in the world and is an example of what can be accomplished, even in the most challenging times, when the EDC and its state and local partners work together.

Governor DeSantis, Space Florida, the Economic Development Commission of Floridas Space Coast, and private industry are actively taking steps to help our community recover from a once-in-a-lifetime pandemic,said Chair of the Brevard County Board of County Commissioners Bryan A. Lober, Esq. One of the earliest such steps is the introduction of an estimated 675 high-wage jobs to Brevard County in crafting the Aerion AS2 supersonic business jet, which will help solidify not only our economy, but also our reputation as the worlds preeminent location for the aerospace industry.

We are incredibly honored and thrilled to bring this news to our community at a time when its needed the most,said Greg Donovan, A.A.E., executive director at Orlando Melbourne International Airport (MLB). We are proud to be the location of the future where Aerion will innovate, create and introduce new technologies and products to the aviation industry worldwide.

We are overjoyed to be a partner in fostering a new era of aviation by assisting in Aerions decision to locate within the City of Melbourne. Aerions business venture to manufacture supersonic business jets in Melbourne reinforces the Space Coasts national reputation as an aerospace industry leader,said the Mayor of the City of Melbourne Kathy Meehan. The City of Melbourne is also proud to collaborate with Governor DeSantis, Space Florida, Orlando-Melbourne International Airport, and the Economic Development Commission of Floridas Space Coast to bring in $300 million of new investment and more than 600 high paying jobs to our community over the next six years.

Dating back to the space race of the 1960s, FPL has a long and proud track record of helping power the innovation and ingenuity synonymous with Floridas Space Coast,said FPL President and CEO Eric Silagy. Even as we all navigate the economic uncertainty surrounding COVID-19, Aerions decision to build its headquarters in Melbourne serves as a reassuring reminder that better days are ahead for our state. FPL remains steadfastly committed to helping re-start Floridas $1 trillion economy and move it forward once its safe to do so.

Aerion will break ground on the new campus later this year ahead of manufacturing of the AS2 business jet commencing in 2023. In addition to the 675 new jobs Aerion will bring to the state, Aerion Park is expected to attract key aerospace suppliers within the supersonic technology ecosystem to bring business to Florida, creating additional roles for scientists, designers, engineers and aircraft builders.

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Governor DeSantis announces Aerion Supersonic will move global headquarters to Florida - The Apopka Voice

Getting Down to Earth with CAVES in Space – Space Daily

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NASA astronaut Jessica Meir rocks her CAVES shirt on board the International Space Station. Jessica was the first woman to participate in ESA's underground astronaut training programme in 2016. It might not be obvious, but there are many similarities between working deep underground and in outer space.

Since 2011, ESA's Cooperative Adventure for Valuing and Exercising human behaviour and performance Skills course has been taking astronauts below Earth's surface and preparing them to work safely and effectively as representative spaceflight teams in an environment where risk, scientific operations and living conditions have many similarities to space . At the end of the course astronauts are better prepared to participate in long term ISS expeditions, balancing mission goals, environmental risks, team demands through their individual skills and team processes.

As many as 34 astronauts from six agencies have scouted caves to experience the challenges and excitement of exploring alien environments on Earth.

Jessica joined the 2016 edition along with five astronauts from China, Japan, USA, Spain and Russia in the caves of Sardinia, Italy, to explore the depths and train for life in outer space. As the team's biologist, Jessica was tasked with searching for alien underground life. Jessica talked about her love for exploration and her experience at CAVES in her video before launching to the Space Station.

Just as with spacewalks, the underground 'cavewalks' required safety tethering, 3D orientation, careful planning and teamwork. Jessica and her fellow cave explorers needed to stay alert in an environment where they were deprived of natural light and every move was a step into the unknown.

The experience no doubt complemented the extensive spacewalk training she has since received. Jessica went on to conduct the first ever all-female spacewalk during her 205 days in space. Alongside NASA astronaut and friend Christina Koch, the women totalled 21 hours and 44 minutes outside the Space Station across three historic spacewalks.

The next ESA Caves course will take place in 2021. ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti is tentatively booked for the course. Follow all the Caves adventures on the blog.

From under the Earth to above it, Jessica is now back down on our planet. She returned with fellow NASA astronaut Drew Morgan and cosmonaut Oleg Skripochka on 17 April.

Given a global pandemic and strict quarantine measures, the crew were welcomed home, just in time for Earth Day on 22 April. The annual event to mark environmental protection is celebrating its 50th anniversary and is the first to be celebrated from home.

As difficult as quarantine has been for communities across the globe, the impact on our planet is noticeable. Analyses from Earth observation satellites are showing the continued low levels of nitrogen dioxide concentrations across Europe - coinciding with lockdown measures implemented to stop the spread of the coronavirus.

In light of this, staying home does not seem such a bad way to celebrate Earth Day.

Related LinksCooperative Adventure for Valuing and Exercising human behaviour and performance SkillsSpace Tourism, Space Transport and Space Exploration News

With the rise of Ad Blockers, and Facebook - our traditional revenue sources via quality network advertising continues to decline. And unlike so many other news sites, we don't have a paywall - with those annoying usernames and passwords.

Our news coverage takes time and effort to publish 365 days a year.

If you find our news sites informative and useful then please consider becoming a regular supporter or for now make a one off contribution.

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Getting Down to Earth with CAVES in Space - Space Daily

A Puffy Planet and a Cat on Titan – The Planetary Society

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The Planetary Society April24,2020

The Downlink: Weekly resources to fuel your love of space

NASA/JPL-Caltech

This weekly newsletter is your toolkit to learn more about space, share information with your friends and family, and take direct action to support exploration. Anyone can subscribe at planetary.org/connect to receive it as a weekly email.

No matter what day Perseverance launches during its 17 July to 5 August launch window, mission managers will adjust its course so it lands on Mars on exactly 18 February 2021. Its rocket science!

NASA/Goddard/University of Arizona

NASAs OSIRIS-REx spacecraft completed a sample collection rehearsal at asteroid Bennu, coming just 75 meters from the surface before backing away as planned. The probe is scheduled to touch down on Bennu in August, grabbing a small sample of regolith that will be returned to Earth in 2023. The samples could shed light on the connection between asteroids and the formation of our solar system, as well as the role asteroids played in bringing water to Earth.

CHEOPS, the European Space Agencys CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite, has observed its first exoplanet since launching in 2019. The target was a puffy, gaseous planet 30% larger than Jupiter orbiting a star 320 light years away. CHEOPS is designed to precisely measure the diameters of known exoplanets, which will reveal more about their compositions. Learn why and how we study exoplanets, and read about The Planetary Societys exoplanets research.

Japans Hayabusa2 spacecraft tested its navigation cameras by snapping a picture of the Milky Way galaxy from deep space. The probe is on its way back to Earth with samples of asteroid Ryugu. The samples, which will arrive in late 2020, are expected to teach scientists more about the origin and evolution of our solar system.

NASA and SpaceX have set 27 May 2020 as the launch date for SpaceXs Crew Dragon carrying astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley to the International Space Station. The milestone launch will be the first from Florida since the end of the Space Shuttle program in 2011. Once Behnken and Hurley are aboard the station, NASA will decide how long theyll stay; the first Crew Dragon vehicle is rated for an in-space duration of up to 110 days.

Taking an image of an exoplanet is like photographing a firefly next to a spotlight, and as a result, very few such images exist. Scientists say that a speck of light originally thought to be an exoplanet, seen moving around a star called Fomalhaut, has disappeared and may actually have been a cloud of dust. The discovery was made with NASAs Hubble Space Telescope.

The United Arab Emirates Mars-bound Hope spacecraft is on track to launch from Japan during a 3-week window that opens 14 July 2020. Hope is the Arab worlds first mission to another planet, and one of 3 Mars missions launching this summer. It will study Mars climate to help scientists understand what ancient Mars was like, when liquid water on the surface could have supported life.

NASA / JPL / Ted Stryk, Roane State CC

Things have been tough lately, so weve put together a few ways for you to escape into an exploration of the cosmos. On our In Space Together page, you can find inspiration from our co-founder Carl Sagan, explore real pictures and videos from space, take free online courses, and much more.

Lets have a virtual hangout! Planetary Radios Whats Up with Dr. Bruce Betts and host Mat Kaplan is coming to you live next Thursday, 30 April. This at-home edition of Whats Up will feature the usual night sky highlights, random space facts, and trivia, plus viewers can submit questions for Dr. Betts to answer during the livestream. Check out planetary.org/liveon 30 April at 1:00 pm PT / 4:00 pm ET / 20:00 UTC.

With very little moonlight to get in the way, the next few days are great for stargazing. Venus still shines bright in the evening and night, and you can catch Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn in the morning sky.

Tora Greve

Swedish artist Tora Greve made this tapestry, called Cattini. The piece is inspired by the story of a scientists young daughter who thought she could see a cat in one of the pictures the Huygens lander took of Titans surface.

Do you have a suggestion for the Wow of the Week? Were looking for space-related art, music, gadgets, quotes, fashion, burning questions, sci-fi passages, or anything else that will make our readers go Wow! Send us your idea by replying to this email.

Become a member of The Planetary Society and together we will create the future of space exploration.

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Help advance robotic and human space exploration, defend our planet, and search for life.

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A Puffy Planet and a Cat on Titan - The Planetary Society

What are Elon Musk’s Starlink satellites and how do they work? – Metro.co.uk

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Starlink satellites will form a chain of lights in the sky (SpaceX)

This week the UK has been treated to a view of SpaceXs Starlink satellites passing overhead each evening.

The satellites appear as bright dots moving across the night sky in a perfect line as they orbit the Earth.

There are currently 420 Starlink satellites in orbit and SpaceX plans to put 12,000 up there eventually. The company, founded by billionaire Elon Musk, says these satellites will create a global internet network accessible from any place on Earth.

With performance that far surpasses that of traditional satellite internet, and a global network unbounded by ground infrastructure limitations, Starlink will deliver high speed broadband internet to locations where access has been unreliable, expensive, or completely unavailable, SpaceX writes on its website.

At present Starlink is a part of SpaceX but there have been rumours it may be spun-off into a separate company. The eventual aim could be to capture a big piece of the $1 trillion worldwide internet connectivity market. Revenue from that could help fund SpaceXs greater ambitions to colonise Mars.

Each Starlink satellite is equipped with four powerful phased array antennas that are capable of an enormous amount of throughput when it comes to radio waves. Therefore, internet signal can be communicated up to a satellite and spread out through the network before being fired back down again to any location on Earth.

Delivering internet via satellite is much more efficient because the signal travels 47% faster as a wave through the vacuum of space than it does being channelled along a fibre optic cable buried in the ground.

From an infrastructure perspective, it also means theres no need to lay vast amounts of cabling across parts of the world.

Current satellites sending internet signals are around 22,236 miles (35,786 km) above the Earth. This results in a time delay in sending and receiving data. Starlink satellites are smaller and orbit closer, meaning they can carry and triangulate data much faster.

Elon Musk has said the Starlink network would be able to provide minor internet coverage after 400 spacecraft were up and in orbit and moderate coverage after about 800 satellites became operational.

On board each satellite is a powerful Ion propulsion system and a custom-built in-house navigation sensor.

Together the two are able to automatically steer the satellites out of the way of space junk. It also helps guide the satellites to the optimum position for delivering data transfer.

After the first Starlink batch of 60 was launched in May 2018 and the second in November, astronomers complained how the bright satellite chain was hampering their observations.

In response, SpaceX came up with a darkening treatment to lessen reflectivity its a type of coating that is now added to all the satellites.

At the time, Jeff Hall, director of the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, said the Starlink satellites have been just an occasional problem so far but noted the risk to stargazing will grow as the constellation expands and other companies launch their own fleets.

He heads the American Astronomical Societys committee on light pollution, space debris, and radio interference, and is working with SpaceX on the issue.

Alan Duffy, an astronomer at Swinburne University in Melbourne and the lead scientist of the Royal Institution of Australia said: A full constellation of Starlink satellites will likely mean the end of Earth-based microwave-radio telescopes able to scan the heavens for faint radio objects.

The enormous benefits of global internet coverage will outweigh the cost to astronomers, but the loss of the radio sky is a cost to humanity as we lose our collective birthright to see the afterglow of the Big Bang or the glow of forming stars from Earth, he toldScienceAlertlast year.

As well as adding the reflective coating, SpaceX will gradually move the satellites further away as the constellation grows. This will reduce their visibility from Earth but may interfere with more powerful deep-space observations.

The South African-born billionaire founded web software company Zip2 in 1995, along with his brother Kimbal which was sold to Compaq in 1999, with Musk receiving $22m (17m) for his share of the sales.

He used part of that money to found the online financial services company X.com which later became PayPal following a merger in 2000 and when that sold to eBay two years later he earned $165m (133.5m).

He is also one of the co-founders, CEO and product architect of Tesla Inc, having taken on the CEO role in 2008 which he still holds to this day.

Musk founded SpaceX or Space Exploration Technologies in May 2002, with $100m (81m) of his fortune.

The companys aim is to develop and manufacture space vehicles with a focus on advancing rocket technology.

As of April 2020 he is said to be worth around $38bn (25bn) making him the 23rd richest person in the world.

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What are Elon Musk's Starlink satellites and how do they work? - Metro.co.uk

This Monroeville businessman created the modern conference call, and he’s not done yet – TribLIVE

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TribLIVE's Daily and Weekly email newsletters deliver the news you want and information you need, right to your inbox.

About an hour ago

Its mid-afternoon. Youre in your home office when the laptop pings to remind you of the daily meeting starting in five minutes. If its a video call, you make sure your face is presentable. Maybe you slip on a work shirt and smile, knowing theyll never suspect how your bottom half is clothed.

You join the virtual meeting space and suddenly your speakers are alive with the sound of co-workers and bosses.

Its the digital conference call the technology of choice during the coronavirus pandemic, as millions worldwide are working from home.

Would you believe a man from Pittsburghs Point Breeze neighborhood made it all possible?

His name is Giorgio Coraluppi, an 86-year-old Italian immigrant who lives in the same house that he bought in 1976. He came to the U.S. in 1964 with his wife, Luisa, to whom hes been married 57 years. He walks with a walker and talks slowly and deliberately with a deep accent.

Uninterested in retirement, he daily leads his approximately 650 employees of Chorus Call, Compunetix and Compunetics from his Monroeville office with the same voracity of a 40-Under-40 leader. They call him Dr. C.

Coraluppi is an engineer, a mathematician and an inventor who in October will be inducted into the Space Technology Hall of Fame for inventing the set of computer codes powering the technology thats keeping the world connected these days: the digital teleconference call.

The technology an algorithm supported by a computer chip was first designed for NASA. It has spawned a global industry that helps people communicate more effectively.

Behind this half-century of innovation, there is a man who talks of his career thus far in abstract anecdotes that, when seen altogether, illuminate a character unwavered by the risk of failure and buoyed by a seemingly unquenchable drive to solve problems.

Kristina Serafini | Tribune-Review

Dr. Giorgio Coraluppi, CEO of Compunetix, stands in his office building in Monroeville. Coraluppis inventiveness will be inducted into the Space Foundation Technology Hall of Fame in October for creating the conference call and other accomplishments.

Dr. Giorgio Coraluppi, CEO of Compunetix, stands for a photo inside the Monroeville building Wednesday, March 18, 2020. Coraluppi will be inducted into the Space Foundation Technology Hall of Fame in April for inventing the conference call and other accomplishments. Photo by Kristina Serafini

Good vs. Bad

On a recent morning in his office, Coraluppi demonstrated his philosophy of entrepreneurial risk-reward. He grabbed a piece of paper and drew a cross.

On one side, he wrote Good, on the other, Bad. Under the Good column, he scribbled a bunch of squiggly lines as he vocalized hypothetical achievements until the column was full of squigglies.

In the Bad column, he drew one squiggly line. He paused for effect, then drew a definitive X through the entire Good column.

One mistake can wipe away all the good your company does, he said.

But making mistakes does not have to mean failure. For this inventor, as long as he comes out with what he calls an enhanced set of professional capabilities, hes satisfied. Those professional capabilities can serve as foundational knowledge for the next project.

The honey woman

One of the earliest risks Coraluppi took was when he was 10 years old. One day in 1944, he was riding a bicycle through his Italian hometown, LAquila, when he came upon a strange alley.

And I wanted to test myself: How long could I drive with closed eyes? So he did. The experiment ended when he ran into a woman carrying a load of honey on her bike. The impact caused her to spill it all, wasting it.

She was furious, Coraluppi remembers. She raised hell with me.

The young, questing boy couldnt fully grasp the depth of the honey womans anger. But it didnt take long to get a clue. Italy was in the middle of war. Food and other goods were scarce.

The honey woman demanded that the reckless boy take her to his parents. They must learn of this grave crime. When she briefed his father, he soothed her by giving her kitchen salt, a valuable commodity at the time.

It was his fathers example of preparedness that helped shape an ethic in Coraluppi which later helped his business thrive.

And the run-in with the honey woman perhaps began a lifetime of innate curiosity.

Kristina Serafini | Tribune-Review

Dr. Giorgio Coraluppi, CEO of Compunetix in Monroeville, looks through papers near his desk Wednesday, March 18, 2020. Coraluppis inventiveness will be inducted into the Space Foundation Technology Hall of Fame in October for creating the conference call and other accomplishments.

Dr. Giorgio Coraluppi, CEO of Compunetix in Monroeville, looks through papers near his desk Wednesday, March 18, 2020. Coraluppis inventiveness will be inducted into the Space Foundation Technology Hall of Fame in April for creating the conference call and other accomplishments. Photo by Kristina Serafini

We can do that

Coraluppi married Luisa in 1963, while still living in Italy. By that time, he had graduated from a technical school in Milan with a doctorate in electrical engineering and served a year-and-a-half in the Aeronautica Militare, the Italian Air Force. Service in Italys military at that time was mandatory but it was there that his interest in the technology behind communications sprouted.

About a year into the marriage, the couple packed everything and moved to America, the land of opportunity. They landed in a house in Gibsonia that they rented for about two years.

While here, he worked for the American Optical Company in its endeavors with NASA. His role was to engineer a program that controlled the NASA-Lewis Flight Simulator and other space-related projects.

Three years after immigrating, Coraluppi enrolled at Carnegie Mellon University to freshen up on his education, a sort of intellectual curiosity. He never intended to graduate, but he did, earning a masters degree in electrical engineering after being nudged by a professor to complete the coursework and exams.

The collegiate experience exposed him to the nascent world of computer chips, which were just beginning to take hold of the electronics industry. The microchips had an endless appeal, and a promise to keep bringing new opportunities, both commercially and intellectually.

While a student, he befriended a technician, Michael Gielas, and an engineer, Csaba Besko. The three co-founded Compunetics Inc., in 1968, in a rented space behind an ice cream parlor along Saltsburg Road in Penn Hills. (Gielas and Besko left the company in the late 1970s.)

The idea behind the new business was idealistic and open-ended. In fact, the company didnt even have a five-year plan, said Robert Haley, Compunetixs director of marketing.

It was really to go after complex problems and solve them electronically. It was like (Coraluppi) was saying, I know there are big problems out there I have the wherewithal to solve those. Lets find out what they are and well build solutions for them, Haley said.

So it didnt take long for the three Compunetics founders to sniff out a problem to solve. And they aimed high.

Six months in, Compunetics had its potential first client: The U.S. Navy.

I saw an interesting request for proposal. And I say, We can do that, he said. Coraluppi, desperate for a contract for his young company, bid the project unusually low, only asking enough for the price of materials. Almost in a call-your-bluff sort of way, the Navy sent representatives to visit the companys humble headquarters but not before Coraluppi bought some folding chairs for his guests. He also called upon a lawyer friend whom he said he needed merely as a warm body.

Apparently, the meeting went well.

Compunetics was hired for the project, which was part of the Navys anti-submarine campaign during the Cold War. Compunetics produced equipment for bases in Jacksonville, Fla., Guam and others.

Eventually, the Navy tapped Compunetics again to develop the electronics used to better detect enemy submarines. That program spanned decades.

Giorgio Coraluppi, circa 1970s.

Giorgio Coraluppi, circa 1970s. Courtesy of Compunetix

Competing with Goliath

It was this proven track record of working well with governmental agencies that thrust Coraluppis company into space with NASA. But the space agency didnt just hand them a contract.

Coming out of a dark economic period in the 1970s that nearly swallowed his company, Coraluppi invented an algorithm. This algorithm a complicated set of mathematical rules governed by a computer chip allowed thousands of callers to join in on one telephone call. It was a groundbreaking advancement in digital technology. In 1984, he filed an application for the invention to be patented.

Meanwhile, NASA needed a more efficient way to communicate with the many teams of people involved with shuttle launches in a single conference call at the same time. By the 1980s, the analog NASA Communications (NASCOM) system was around 30 years old. It was time for an upgrade; NASA put out a call for proposals. Coraluppi knew his invention fit the bill. But Compunetics wasnt the only company with an appetite for working with NASA. AT&T held similar ambitions, and soon the two found themselves competing for a multimillion-dollar contract that would supply one of the worlds leading space exploration agencies with its communication systems.

NASA eventually chose Compunetics. It was a modern-day story of David defeating Goliath, said Jerry Pompa, Compunetixs senior vice president.

He summed up his bosss attitude at the time: Sure AT&T is gigantic. Their name alone sets them apart. But one-on-one, theyre no better than us. Were just as good as they are. Why shouldnt we win?

Pompas position at the company is a direct result of the NASA contract. Coraluppi hired him and many others after Compunetics won the bid against AT&T.

Hes not intimidated by competing with Goliath, Pompa said of his boss.

What set Compunetics apart was Coraluppis seminal Compunetics Switching Network invention. It made it possible for literally thousands of people in this case engineers, technicians and astronauts to join in on one call. It was all done digitally and automatically by a computer chip.

Before the invention, getting multiple people on the same NASA call was possible, but cumbersome. It was a manual duty done by up to 50 trained technicians, according to a Technology.org article written about the system.

With the invention, NASA no longer needed to be preoccupied with the mechanics behind communicating with the people dispersed through a network of 18 ground stations and three ships in different oceans. Those engineers, technicians and astronauts could communicate freely about important details germane to a space launch: monitoring a spacecrafts fuel levels, watching the weather at a landing site, updating the astronauts realtime biometric readings.

His invention made it possible for all those people to instantly connect.

In 1987, NASA awarded Compunetics a $4 million contract to install the conferencing technology for the Goddard Space Flight Center. And earlier that same year, the invention became the first of five USPTO patents awarded to Coraluppi and the company.

An Aug. 29, 2000 Tribune-Review article written about Compunetics teleconferencing technology.

An Aug. 29, 2000 Tribune-Review article written about Compunetics teleconferencing technology. Courtesy of Compunetix

By 1992, Compunetics technology had replaced all of NASCOMs technology and it was used for more than two decades. Eventually, the Federal Aviation Administration awarded them a $4.5 million contract to use the technology, which served as the basis for founding Compunetix, a company that today manufactures electronic products.

Coraluppi then earned another USPTO patent to reproduce the technology for commercial purposes, thus making way for his third company, Chorus Call, a conference service provider.

Since then, tech companies around the world have used Coraluppis invention to spawn their versions of it: Zoom, Microsoft Teams, FaceTime, SnapChat, Whats App, etc., etc.

He was the first one to do it, said Monica Coraluppi. The company provided the first digital teleconferencing solution in the world. Monica, 54, is one of Coraluppis daughters. She works at Chorus Call as its director of special projects.

Today, the companys digital teleconference and videoconference technology is highly used and sought after. Some of the companies clients who use the commercial version of the conferencing technology today include Verizon, First Energy, Subway and ESPN. There are also several governmental clients: the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Department of Justice and the Department of State, to name a few.

The headquarters for Compunetics, including its two spin-off companies Compunetix and Chorus Call remains in Monroeville. Compunetix and Chorus Call are in a six-floor office building nestled in some woods just off Mosside Boulevard, down the road from Forbes Hospital. Compunetics is located in a nondescript industrial park building about two miles north on Seco Road.

Compunetics rented out a space next to "A Different Twist," a Penn Hills ice cream parlor in the late 1960s.

Compunetics rented out a space next to A Different Twist, a Penn Hills ice cream parlor in the late 1960s. Courtesy of Compunetix

The photograph and the letter

Giorgio and Luisa Coraluppis time in Pittsburgh was only supposed to last a couple years before moving back to Italy. Fifty-two years later, sitting behind his wooden desk in Monroeville, he chuckled at that wistful goal as he peered through his window at the naked mid-March trees. He took a deep breath. It was almost as if the exhale said, Its been wonderful.

At this point, Coraluppis success as a business owner has earned him regional, state and national recognition. The debts taken on to start Compunetics without a business plan have long ago been paid. (The company as a whole expects around $100 million in 2019 profits.) His name is printed on five U.S. patents. He employs hundreds of people, here and in other parts of the world. Those people have given him a loving nickname.

But then another memory floated up into Dr. Cs mind. It was a memory that led the 86-year-old out of his chair.

He walked, without the help of his walker, to a room across the hall from his office. About a minute later, he came back with a wide smile on his face. In his hands he held a framed, underwhelming picture of a machine in a dark room. This, for me, is more memorable.

In 1988, he got a call from IBM, a company Dr. Cs had worked with before but not like this. Their engineers were encountering an issue while building their RP3X 64-Way Parallel Processor Prototype System. The supercomputer was designed to process a billion instructions every second, but it wasnt working. Would Coraluppi come to help them?

Intrigued by the prospect of helping IBM build a supercomputer, which he called a major, major development in computing technology, he agreed.

He quickly learned, however, management at IBM had run out of patience and money for the project, which had been fruitless for years prior. Dr. C remembered some of projects leads had said this issue they were encountering was going to cost them too much money to fix. One of the managers even became hostile by telling him dont expect too much money on the table for you.

I got upset. I never announced a digit. I didnt talk about money. I said, Lets not talk about money right now forget the money. Im willing to do this for nothing. Lets look at the problem and lets fix the problem, he said.

And so the arrangement meant leaving his company behind while he and two colleagues worked to fix the problem for free.

After two months, Dr. C and his engineers had solved the supercomputers problem.

His success led IBMs then-director of strategic development, Alan E. Baratz, to send a framed photograph of the supercomputer with a personal message typed on the back: Your efforts were critical to the successful completion of the RP3X 64-Way Parallel Processor Prototype System.

Dillon Carr | Tribune-Review

In March 1989, Giorgio Coraluppi received a photograph of an IBM supercomputer he helped fix with a letter attched the back. It was from IBMs then-president, Alan Baratz, who went on to hold executive positions at Symphony, Avaya and Cisco before landing his current job for British Columbia-based D-Wave Systems Inc., a company developing quantum computers.

In March 1989, Giorgio Coraluppi received a photograph of an IBM supercomputer he helped fix with a letter attached to the back. It was from IBMs then-president, Alan Baratz, who went on to hold executive positions at Symphony, Avaya and Cisco before landing his current job for British Columbia-based D-Wave Systems Inc., a company developing quantum computers. Photo by Dillon Carr

That happened 31 years ago.

And I still keep it, Dr. C said about the photograph and the letter. He said only two physical copies of that photo exist. The other is with Baratz.

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This Monroeville businessman created the modern conference call, and he's not done yet - TribLIVE

Governor Ron DeSantis Announces Aerion Supersonic Will Move Global Headquarters to Florida – Orlando Political Observer

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Tallahassee, Fla. Yesterday, Governor Ron DeSantis announced Aerion Supersonic will construct a new state-of-the-art campus Aerion Park in Melbourne, Florida. Aerion Park will form a new global headquarters and integrated campus for research, design, build and maintenance of the companys supersonic aircraft. The new project involves a multi-year $300 million investment that is expected to generate at least 675 jobs in Florida by 2026.

The Space Coast has become a hub for the aviation and aerospace industry, and my administration continues to make it a priority to expand this high-wage and important business sector,said Governor DeSantis. We are thrilled that Aerion has selected Melbourne for its new global headquarters and look forward to the companys success.

We are building the next generation of high-speed transportation networks that will revolutionize global mobility without leaving a carbon footprint on our world,said Tom Vice, Aerion Chairman, President & CEO. Our AS2 business jet the worlds first privately built supersonic aircraft is the first stage in that exciting endeavor. Having evaluated a number of potential locations for our new home, we are excited to partner with Florida and the Melbourne community to create a sustainable supersonic future.

Over the past decade, Floridas Space Coast executed a successful strategy to diversify its economy to drive high-wage job creation. Brevard County now leads Florida in manufacturing job growth and is increasingly home to headquarters for some of the most innovative companies in aerospace. The announcement of Aerion Supersonics integrated campus and long-term investment in Melbourne is a major win for a community looking to emerge from the economic consequences of the COVID-19 crisis.

Todays announcement is great news for Brevard County,said Jamal Sowell, Florida Secretary of Commerce and EFI president & CEO. Floridas strong talent pipeline and low tax business climate continue to make it top of mind for businesses looking to relocate. We look forward to Aerions success as they start a new chapter in the Sunshine State.

This is a truly transformational project for Florida that changes the game both for high speed air transportation as well for advanced aerospace manufacturing in the state,said Frank DiBello, President and CEO of Space Florida. The decision to locate manufacturing of this technologically advanced supersonic flight vehicle here in Florida is a testament to the growing strength and global recognition of the importance of Florida as a world-leading aerospace state. Space Florida is pleased to have provided financing, structure and development assistance to this project.

Brevard County is home to the pioneers of space exploration and now the pioneers of sustainable supersonic transportation.said Economic Development Commission of Floridas Space Coast President and CEO Lynda Weatherman. Aerion Park raises the profile of the Space Coast as the premier site for the most innovative aerospace companies in the world and is an example of what can be accomplished, even in the most challenging times, when the EDC and its state and local partners work together.

Governor DeSantis, Space Florida, the Economic Development Commission of Floridas Space Coast, and private industry are actively taking steps to help our community recover from a once-in-a-lifetime pandemic,said Chair of the Brevard County Board of County Commissioners Bryan A. Lober, Esq. One of the earliest such steps is the introduction of an estimated 675 high-wage jobs to Brevard County in crafting the Aerion AS2 supersonic business jet, which will help solidify not only our economy, but also our reputation as the worlds preeminent location for the aerospace industry.

We are incredibly honored and thrilled to bring this news to our community at a time when its needed the most,said Greg Donovan, A.A.E., executive director at Orlando Melbourne International Airport (MLB). We are proud to be the location of the future where Aerion will innovate, create and introduce new technologies and products to the aviation industry worldwide.

We are overjoyed to be a partner in fostering a new era of aviation by assisting in Aerions decision to locate within the City of Melbourne. Aerions business venture to manufacture supersonic business jets in Melbourne reinforces the Space Coasts national reputation as an aerospace industry leader,said the Mayor of the City of Melbourne Kathy Meehan. The City of Melbourne is also proud to collaborate with Governor DeSantis, Space Florida, Orlando-Melbourne International Airport, and the Economic Development Commission of Floridas Space Coast to bring in $300 million of new investment and more than 600 high paying jobs to our community over the next six years.

Dating back to the space race of the 1960s, FPL has a long and proud track record of helping power the innovation and ingenuity synonymous with Floridas Space Coast,said FPL President and CEO Eric Silagy. Even as we all navigate the economic uncertainty surrounding COVID-19, Aerions decision to build its headquarters in Melbourne serves as a reassuring reminder that better days are ahead for our state. FPL remains steadfastly committed to helping re-start Floridas $1 trillion economy and move it forward once its safe to do so.

Aerion will break ground on the new campus later this year ahead of manufacturing of the AS2 business jet commencing in 2023. In addition to the 675 new jobs Aerion will bring to the state, Aerion Park is expected to attract key aerospace suppliers within the supersonic technology ecosystem to bring business to Florida, creating additional roles for scientists, designers, engineers and aircraft builders.

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Governor Ron DeSantis Announces Aerion Supersonic Will Move Global Headquarters to Florida - Orlando Political Observer