Bitcoin, tambin Bitcin[3] (signo: ; abr.: BTC, XBT[4] ) es una criptodivisa descentralizada concebida en 2009 por Satoshi Nakamoto. El trmino se aplica tambin al protocolo y a la red P2P que lo sustenta.
Las transacciones en Bitcoin se realizan de forma directa, sin la necesidad de un intermediario. Al contrario de la mayora de las monedas, Bitcoin no est respaldado por ningn gobierno ni depende de la confianza en ningn emisor central,[5] sino que utiliza un sistema de prueba de trabajo para impedir el doble gasto y alcanzar el consenso entre todos los nodos que integran la red.[6]
Bitcoin es un proyecto relativamente nuevo que se encuentra en evolucin. Por esta razn, sus desarrolladores recomiendan ser cautos y tratarlo como software experimental.[7]
Desde la dcada de 1970, la utilizacin de firmas digitales basadas en criptografa de clave pblica ha proporcionado un fuerte control de propiedad.[8][Nota 1] Sobre la base de la criptografa de clave pblica, en 1998 Wei Dai describe b-Money,[9] una solucin descentralizada al problema de pagos electrnicos. Posteriormente, Nick Szabo y Hal Finney extienden y complementan el trabajo de Wei Dai.
En 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto publica un artculo en la lista de criptografa de metzdowd.com donde describe el protocolo Bitcoin.[8][10][11]
El 3 de enero de 2009 la red P2P de Bitcoin entra en funcionamiento con la publicacin del primer cliente, de cdigo abierto, y la creacin de los primeros bitcoines. Hasta la invencin de bitcoin era obligado que todos los pagos en el comercio electrnico se canalizaran a travs de entidades centralizadas de confianza,[12] generalmente bancos y otras empresas financieras, que gestionaban el seguimiento de todas las transacciones.
Satoshi Nakamoto es el seudnimo de la persona o el grupo de personas que disearon el protocolo Bitcoin en 2008 y que crearon la red en 2009. En una conferencia de criptgrafos se apuntaron los nombres de Michael Clear y Vili Lehdonvirt, pero ambos rechazaron ser Nakamoto.[13] En abril de 2011, Nakamoto anunci su desvinculacin del proyecto para dedicarse a otras labores.[13]
Aunque existen monedas[14] y billetes fabricados por particulares y empresas, normalmente para poder comerciar con bitcoines se utilizan programas cliente,[Nota 2] que pueden ser aplicaciones nativas o aplicaciones web.
Las aplicaciones nativas[15][16] se instalan o se ejecutan directamente en ordenadores o en dispositivos mviles.[Nota 3] Tambin pueden ejecutarse automticamente cuando el usuario clica en un navegador web sobre un enlace que cumple con el formato del URI scheme de bitcoin segn la especificacin registrada en IANA.[17]
Bitcoin Core es el nico programa que implementa totalmente el protocolo, protegiendo la red, y se considera la referencia en la que se apoyan el resto de clientes existentes. Bitcoin Core necesita descargar completamente la cadena de bloques y almacenarla localmente, lo que puede llegar a tardar varios das. Su uso solo se recomienda para usuarios avanzados que deseen aportar a la estabilidad de la red.
Continued here:
Bitcoin - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
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