World’s Smallest Biennale Drops Anchor on Caribbean Islet – Hyperallergic

The work of Lapo Simeoni at Biennale de la Biche 2017 (all photos courtesy Biennale de La Biche)

What describes itself asthe worlds smallest contemporary art biennale is currently taking place on a tiny island off the northern coast of Guadeloupe.La Biennale de La Biche, which launched its inaugural edition on January 6, boasts no grand pavilions and no champagne-sipping crowds; reachable only by small boats, it is identifiable by a dilapidated tin-roofed shack surrounded by mangroves that riseabove clear turquoise waters.

The biennalesclaim to itssmallness is defined by its scale, ascurators Alex Urso and Maess Anand explained. Ilet La Biche, the biennales eponymous venue, technically has no ground above water, although it exists as a landmass on Google Maps. Rising sea levels have submerged the island save for the small wooden shack, which is rotting. Still, its interior is dry enough, serving as a fitting place for a remote and incrediblyscenic exhibition. If you were to assign the biennale another superlative, it would likely be Most Relaxing.

Represented here are 14 international artists, mostly from Poland, where Urso and Anand are based. Invited by the curators to participate, they proposed works based on online pictures in response toIn a land of a theme that reflectsthe islands particular relationship with its setting; its position of in-betweenness. In the shack, a piece by Zuza Zikowska-Hercberg resembles either an unfinished or decaying stained glass window that enlivens the space with color when sunlight hits it;Urso and Icelandic artist Styrmir Orn Guomundsson have contributed paper works to the exterior wall viewable from a boat or with wet feet highlightingthe structures integration with its natural surroundings.

Some artists designed works that overcome these architectural limitations: a sculpture by Norbert Delman floats next to a mangrove and an installation by Yaelle Wisznicki Levi consists of fishing ropes that stretch from the shack far into the shallow waters, disappearing into the blue. Unlike those at a traditional biennale, all of these installations are intended to be left behind, all subject to the forces that are slowly consuming the island itself. Likea traditional biennale, the event does have its missteps, leaving behind a human mark on its landscape an especially concerningoversight, on this disappearing island.

The intent of the project was to propose an artistic event overtaking all guidelines that usually characterize the art world today, Urso told Hyperallergic. To have artworks on a place visited by a few hundred visitors throughout the year, left without certainties, constricted to consume themselves in loco, and overturn the idea of artworks as monumental and durable fragments in the timeline of art history. We were interested in emphasizing the fragility of these pieces, as elements that decay, following the limits of the world they belong to.

The uncertainty of the fates of the artworks and consequently, how they may impact their environment isperhaps the most interesting aspect of the Bienniale. The event has no end date, and the curators have no expectations about a subsequent edition since the island may be completely unfit for a similar display in two years. If they did organize a second Biennale, they envision featuring more local artists and collaborating with Guadeloupean art institutions, perhaps to explore the countrys history and legacy in relation to the slave trade.

The island is not as easily accessible as the many majorcities famous for their biennials, but it still receives a fair share of visitors every day. Barefoot and wearing bathing suits, many are touristswho have driftedby while island hopping, having traveled from afar to revel in the French islandscluster of islets, home to coral reefs, shipwrecks, and wildlife.Urso described the Biennale de La Biche as an anti-biennale, but in some ways, its still very much like those grand, international affairs, where privilege is your ticket to access.

The 2017 Biennale de La Biche is on view indefinitely on the let de La Biche (Guadeloupe).

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World's Smallest Biennale Drops Anchor on Caribbean Islet - Hyperallergic

Norwegian, Royal Caribbean expand Cuba sailings through end of the year – Orlando Sentinel

While several cruise lines will be following on the heels of Carnival with limited visits to Cuba this spring, both Royal Caribbean International and Norwegian Cruise Line have announced they have expanded service through the fall.

Royal will send Empress of the Seas out of Tampa on 4- and 5-night sailings from Tampa through November and Norwegian Sky will sail out of Miami on 4-night trips through December.

Carnival Corp. was the first U.S.-based cruise line to visit Cuba on a regular basis in nearly 50 years when it sailed on May 1, 2016 on its Fathom brand aboard the Adonia as part of an approach that was aimed to provide passengers cultural and educational immersion in the Cuban culture. That brand is going away this summer, and Carnival has yet to announce sailings on any of its other brands beyond May.

In late 2016, Norwegian, its sister lines Oceania and Regenet Seven Seas, Royal Caribbean and sister line Azamara Club Cruises as well as Pearl Seas Cruises all announced various sailings to the island nation, some of which will began in January, but none of the lines were slated to sail beyond May, not having received approval from the Cuban government.

Royal was the first to announce the expanded approval on Friday with Norwegian following on its heels today. Norwegian Cruise Line had five itineraries slated out of PortMiami, all with overnight stays in Havana, with departures in May. The line's addition 25 trips run from June-December.

"We are thrilled to be the first cruise line able to offer weekly sailings from Miami to Cuba through the fall of 2017," said Norwegian Cruise Line President and CEO Andy Stuart in a press release. "We have seen great demand from our guests for sailings to Cuba and we look forward to providing more opportunities for them to experience this incredibly culture-rich destination on a weekly basis."

The trips will offer 15 full and half-day cultural immersion activities in Cuba including a farm-to-table dining experience, exploring natural gem Soroa, exploring Havana in a classic car and others. The four-night trips will also feature stops at the line's private island Great Stirrup Cay. The new cruises will open for sale Feb. 21. Inside cabins start at $699 per person, based on double occupancy. Those rates don't include taxes and port fees. Visit http://www.ncl.com/cruises-to/cuba-cruises for more details.

Royal Caribbean's newly announced trips will offer some overnight stays in Havana - a first for the line - as part of itineraries that also feature stops in Key West and Cozumel, Mexico. 4-night sailings start at $499 per person, based on double occupancy and 5-night sailings start at $599. Those trips are slated to run through Nov. 4, and are currently on sale at RoyalCaribbean.com.

Cruise to Cuba: 'People from all over the world are experiencing this together'

rtribou@orlandosentinel.com, 407-420-5134

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Norwegian, Royal Caribbean expand Cuba sailings through end of the year - Orlando Sentinel

Why Disney’s ‘Pirates Of The Caribbean’ Had The Best Super Bowl Movie Ad – Forbes


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Why Disney's 'Pirates Of The Caribbean' Had The Best Super Bowl Movie Ad
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Why Disney's 'Pirates Of The Caribbean' Had The Best Super Bowl Movie Ad - Forbes

The ‘baseball island’ is taking on water at the Caribbean Series – ESPN (blog)

Pitcher Cesar Valdez of Tigres de Licey from Dominican Republic reacts in a game against Aguilas de Mexicali from Mexico during the Caribbean Baseball Series.

CULIACN -- As well as being the largest international exporter of talent to the Major Leagues and other circuits, the Dominican Republic is the current champion of the World Baseball Classic. It is no coincidence that the country is known as baseball island.

Regardless of the fact that the Caribbean Series, which sees the champions of the Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Venezuelan and Dominican winter leagues face off each year, will not exactly define the legacy of the participants, the recent poor performance of Dominican teams is eroding the country's image.

When you wear a uniform that carries the name of your country, regardless of the type of event, the result affects or benefits the whole country. That has always been the case and it always will be, said Dominican second baseman Anderson Hernndez, an original Licey member and one of the most veteran players on the roster.

Nobody wants to do badly on the field. Especially not when you're wearing a shirt that says Dominican Republic on the chest, said Hernndez.

Wednesday, Feb. 1 Cuba 1, D.R. 0 Mexico 4, P.R. 2

Thursday, Feb. 2 Venezuela 4, P.R. 3 Mexico 7, D.R. 2

Friday, Feb. 3 Cuba 7, P.R. 2 Mexico 5, Venezuela 1

Saturday, Feb. 4 P.R. 10, D.R. 2 Venezuela 8, Cuba 3

Sunday, Feb. 5 Venezuela 4, R.D. 3 Cuba 4, Mexico 0

Monday, Feb. 6 Semifinal 1: P.R. 9, Venezuela 6 Semifinal 2: Mexico 1, Cuba 0

Tuesday, Feb. 7 Championship: Puerto Rico vs Mexico, 9pm ET, WatchESPN

All games on ESPN Deportes and WatchESPN

Outfielder Ren Reyes hit a two-run homer in the eighth inning to lead Aguilas del Zulia to a 4-3 win over Dominican club Tigres del Licey at Tomateros Stadium at the close of the round robin phase of the 2017 Caribbean Series in Culiacn.

Zulia (3-2), who had already qualified for the semifinals since Saturday (but lost to Puerto Rico on Monday in the semis), sent Licey (0-4) home winless and extended Dominican teams' losing streak to 10 games across the last three editions of the Caribbean classic. Mexico, Cuba and Puerto Rico progressed to Monday's semifinals and Puerto Rico beat Venezuela and will face Mexico in the Caribbean Series championship on Tuesday.

Licey, with 10 titles, is the most successful team in the history of this tournament that was founded nearly seven decades ago. The Dominican Republic, which debuted in the tournament in 1970, has amassed 19 titles, and leads the way among countries. But Gigantes del Cibao, Leones del Escogido and Licey have lost every game played by the Dominican Baseball League (Liga Dominicana de Bisbol - Lidom) since February 6, 2015.

It hurts a lot. Some people are questioning this, said Audo Vicente, manager of Tigres del Licey, who arrived in Culiacn without some of their key men, after winning the Dominican championship in a decisive final game against their arch rivals, Aguilas Cibaeas. Players like Hanley Ramrez, Emilio Bonifacio, Yamaico Navarro and Juan Francisco played for Tigres in the postseason, but did not make themselves available for the Caribbean Series for various reasons. Nor did others who played in the league, such as Robinson Can, Nelson Cruz, Maikel Franco or Jonathan Villar, among others.

Since the creation of the World Baseball Classic in 2006, which sees Major League baseball players representing their nations, the Caribbean Series is no longer a major tournament for stars from countries like the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Venezuela. Even if they decide to play in the domestic league for some reason, whether to get in shape for the World Baseball Classic or so their relatives back home can see them play, their plan does not include the Caribbean Series.

In years to come, all our players should give this some thought. Not all our players are out of work or looking for work or competing for a spot in the Major Leagues. I think we should also take into account national pride and our country's reputation, said Vicente.

The Dominican Tigres not only lost all four of their games, but were also outplayed by their opponents, except for Sunday's clash against the Venezuelan Aguilas, which they led until the final inning.

The Cspedes brothers: Yoenis and Yoelkis are not quite alike. Enrique Rojas | Deportes

Series flavor: Mexico does it best. Enrique Rojas | Deportes

The Big Show: Cualiacn's Tomatero Stadium is set. Eric Gmez | Deportes

Players to watch: Current and former MLB players. David Schoenfield

Schedule: Results | Rosters

More coverage: ESPNDeportes.com

All games on ESPN Deportes, ESPN Deportes Radio and Watch ESPN.

Ariel Pea pitched five good innings and Licey were leading 3-1 heading into the eighth inning, but Aguilas responded by scoring three times after one out against reliever Juan Grulln, who took the loss. Ronny Cedeo doubled in Herlis Rodrguez and Reyes followed this with a huge home run to left field to complete the comeback.

Licey finished the series batting .203 (128-26) and was outscored 25-7. Outfielder Zoilo Almonte, who batted .385 (13-5) with three RBIs, and pitcher Pea were by far their best performers.

I think baseball is about execution and in general, although we played a lot better [in our final game], we didn't execute well, said Vicente. We failed to execute at the level expected of a baseball power like the Dominican Republic.

Only one of our starters reached the fifth inning and the bullpen, which was key for the two teams that reached the Dominican final - and forms the basis of the team that traveled to Culiacn - failed. Our offense was ineffective, especially with runners in scoring position, said the manager.

Vicente, who lost the last two games of the 2015 Caribbean Series with Gigantes to begin Dominican teams' current losing streak, became the first domestic or foreign manager to lose six consecutive Caribbean Series games at the helm of the island's representatives.

There is nothing to change. These were the guys who are here, who took up the challenge. The first person I question is myself and, if the games were replayed, there would be a lot of changes. There were lots of things that didn't work, Vicente said.

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The 'baseball island' is taking on water at the Caribbean Series - ESPN (blog)

RORC Caribbean 600 attracts Classics – Scuttlebutt Sailing News

(February 7, 2017) The RORC Caribbean 600 attracts the worlds fastest racing yachts, magnificent superyachts and corinthian production cruisers. Gathered in Antigua for the start of the 600-mile blast around 11 Caribbean islands, the fleet is a phenomenal sight. Among the spectacular entries this year are two colossal schooners; Eleonora and Adela, with at least 12 classic-designed yachts joining them on the race course.

Adela dates back to 1903 and at 182ft (55 metres), she is the largest yacht competing in the race. Displacing 250 tons and capable of 17 knots of boat speed, the forces on board are off the charts; the mainsail alone can generate 50 tons of load. Adela has an extraordinary record in the race; coming in the top ten overall under IRC in all four races she has competed in, including third overall in 2013. Adela is unbeaten in the Spirit of Tradition Class and is likely to have 35 crew for this years race. Since she last competed in 2015, the schooner has undergone major modifications to her rudder and keel. Changing a headsail on Adela requires crew out on her mighty bowsprit, a position for agile, strong and trustworthy crew.

Nimble crew work is required on the magnificent schooner, Adela seen here approaching Redonda in the RORC Caribbean 600 RORC/Tim Wright

We are really starting from scratch in terms of how to sail Adela after the refit, commented crew boss Guy Salter. There have also been a few changes to the crew, so we will be working on boat handling in the run up to the race. We still have Kym Shag Morton on the helm and that is a good thing. Experienced guys from the Maxi era are the closest thing to experts on driving these sort of boats and when you have crew on the bowsprit, which is really just an extension of the foredeck, you need someone on the helm who knows how to drive a displacement yacht. He wont come up at a mark until it is safe to do so. Protecting the crew is the most important part of the race.

Displacing 213 tons with an overall length of 162ft (49.5 metres), Eleonora is an exact replica of the famous 1910 Herreshoff schooner Westward. Since her launch in 2000 she has followed Westwards heritage of racing, however, this will be Eleonoras first RORC Caribbean 600.

The crew of the 162ft Eleonora, the exact replica of the famous 1910 Herreshoff schooner Westward will include members of the Royal Yacht Squadron and Royal Ocean Racing Club onEdition

It is an event that the crew have been looking forward to ever since it was decided to enter, explains Brendan McCoy, Captain of Eleonora. Adela has shown formidable speed in the Caribbean 600 and she has an advantage over us in waterline length and sail area, so it will be against the odds to beat her over the water. On IRC rating, we just dont know how we will fair and the conditions will play a big part. However, it will be an achievement to sail Eleonora well around the course. There are so many manoeuvres; it will be a real challenge for the crew and that is what we are looking forward to. For the race, we will have members from the Royal Yacht Squadron and the Royal Ocean Racing Club on board and we are keen to ensure they all have a memorable race.

Classic yachts have always been a part of the RORC Caribbean 600. Competing this year is the 78ft Maxi Kialoa III, best remembered for victory in the 1975 Sydney Hobart Yacht Race, with the race record lasting for 21 years. The 70ft mahogany ketch, El Oro was originally owned by Baron Marcel Bich, the founder of Bic pens and built as a cruising version of his 1973 Whitbread racer, Kriter. Australian yachting enthusiast and owner, Tim Wilson rescued El Oro in 2008 and following a full restoration, has raced the classic yacht for the past five years. Many of the crew will be flying in from Australia to compete in the race. Mat Barkers 65ft sloop, The Blue Peter has unfinished business after retiring from last years race. The Blue Peter is a true classic, almost unchanged since being launched in 1930.

The Blue Peter was launched in 1930, although the teak used in the construction of her hull was brought from Thailand in 1870. She was designed by Alfred Mylne and has unfinished business having retired from the race last year. Tim Wright/Photoaction.com

Nine majestic yachts, built by Nautors Swan will also be competing this year, including three classics designed by Sparkman & Stephens; Swan 48s, Isbjorn and Sleeper, a Swan 44 Freebird. Other classic designed sloops in the RORC Caribbean 600 include the 88ft Dutch Frers, Tulip, Irish C.N.B Briand 76ft, Lilla and Hound, a 60ft Nielsen Custom from the United States.

The 9th edition of the RORC Caribbean 600 will start from Antigua on February 20th 2017 and in excess of 70 yachts are expected, with over 900 sailors from 24 different countries taking part.

Event details Notice of Race Entry list

Background: The 9th edition of the RORC Caribbean 600 starts from Antigua on Monday February 20, 2017. The 600nm course circumnavigates 11 Caribbean Islands starting from Fort Charlotte, English Harbour, Antigua and heads north as far as St Martin and south to Guadeloupe taking in Barbuda, Nevis, St Kitts, Saba and St Barths.

Source: Royal Ocean Racing Club

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RORC Caribbean 600 attracts Classics - Scuttlebutt Sailing News

Caribbean dancer N’Jelle Gage-Thorne visits Allen Hall – Daily Illini

Portrait of N'Jelle Gage-Thorne, the Unit One/Allen Hall guest-in-residence from Feb. 5th - 9th.

Photo Courtesy of Laura Haber

Photo Courtesy of Laura Haber

Portrait of N'Jelle Gage-Thorne, the Unit One/Allen Hall guest-in-residence from Feb. 5th - 9th.

Aaron Navarro, Assistant Daytime Editor February 7, 2017

NJelle Gage-Thorne will be dancing her way through Allen Hall thisweek.

Gage-Thorne is Unit Ones next guest-in-residence and will host several events each night centered around music, dancing and mediation from Feb. 5 through Feb. 9.

Students are excited, Laura Haber, program and academic director of Unit One, said. Her program sounds seems really fun and engaging and theres a variety.

Gage-Thorne is the co-founder, president and choreographer of FuturPointe Dance, a company based in Rochester, New York that blends many genres of dance together. She has worked in the United States, Africa, Central America and the Caribbean.

Unit One, situated in Allen Hall, has a guest-in-residence program where people are invited to stay for five days to a week. Haber said that the idea is to have them stay, interact and hang out with students for a few days, instead of just giving a lecture or a performance and leaving.

We have them live here so that students can get a chance to talk to them or interact with them and get a full experience of the person, she said.

Gage-Thorne teaches master classes in Caribbean contemporary dance techniques at other college residency programs, festivals and studios.Events range from Welcome to Jamrock the Musical, to creating a karaoke-style reggae broadway musical in 90 minutes with a wrap party and awards ceremony on Tuesday night.

On Wednesday night, students can enjoy a multi-media performance, An AfroFuture Mystic Tale a one-woman theatrical piece inspired by Rastafarian culture. On Thursday, there will be a pre-Valentines Day party featuring an assortment of social dances from cultures in the Caribbean.

Events are free and take place at Allen Hall, 1005 W. Gregory Dr. More information can be found here.

alnavar2@dailyillini.com

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Johnny Depp Finally Appears In Dynamite ‘Pirates Of The Caribbean’ Super Bowl Spot – Forbes


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Johnny Depp Finally Appears In Dynamite 'Pirates Of The Caribbean' Super Bowl Spot
Forbes
Well, I guess now Jack really is back. Walt Disney's second big Super Bowl buy this year is one of those commercial which leads you to a trailer things that they did for Captain America: The Winter Soldier in 2014 and The Jungle Book last year. And ...
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Johnny Depp Finally Appears In Dynamite 'Pirates Of The Caribbean' Super Bowl Spot - Forbes

Conference USA helps Old Dominion make money on Bahamas Bowl trip – Daily Press

For Old Dominion, the thrill of making its first bowl appearance might have been tempered by the fear of losing money.

ODU wouldn't have been the first to end up in the red on a bowl trip, especially with international travel involved.

Instead, thanks to help from Conference USA and fundraising efforts, the Monarchs will land in the black. Athletic Director Wood Selig said when the numbers are finalized, he expects the trip to the Bahamas Bowl to have generated as much as $250,000.

"Everybody assumes that we took a beating financially going to this bowl game in the Bahamas," Selig said. "We're going to make money, and not just five or ten dollars. It'll be six figures that we'll benefit financially from this bowl experience. It exceeded all expectations."

To be sure, sending 200 people to Nassau for five days isn't cheap. In December, the Virginian-Pilot reported that ODU's expenses for the trip were expected to be nearly $587,000. That's in line with what Middle Tennessee and Western Kentucky spent when they went to the Bahamas Bowl in 2015 and '14.

But Conference USA made things considerably easier by cutting ODU a check for almost $590,000. That was enough to cover two charter planes, 140 hotel rooms, and per-diems for 200 members of the Monarchs' travel party.

"We had a lot of our expenses covered up front as part of a really unique finance plan that Conference USA has implemented so that you don't go broke with the success of going to a bowl game," Selig said. "We did very well financially because the way the conference is set up."

Not every conference is as helpful. Two years ago, Central Michigan played WKU in the inaugural Bahamas Bowl. The Mid-American Conference fronted the school $450,000, but an Associated Press story reported that CMU claimed a loss of $145,000.

C-USA also allows each bowl participant to keep the first $100,000 it generates in ticket money with the remainder being split among membership. Old Dominion sold 1,786 tickets (including proxies) at $50 per. That's $89,300, all of which ODU was able to keep.

Old Dominion also received significant help from fans and boosters who wanted to help the football program make history. The Old Dominion Athletic Foundation's #ODUBowlBoundFund raised $160,000.

"That was a result of our donors saying, 'Hey, I'm so excited about the direction the program is going, I'm going to write you an extra check before the end of the year,'" Selig said. "People were underwriting dinners for the team. They were contributing to the travel costs and expense of the bowl."

Also beneficial to the football program and the university, for that matter was media exposure.

According to sportstvratings.com, the Bahamas Bowl was viewed in 1.37 million households. The 2010 Census concluded the average household has 2.58 people, so it can be estimated the game had more than 3 million viewers.

Played on Dec. 23, a Friday, and televised by ESPN, the Bahamas Bowl was the only game in the 1 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. slot. It led up to the Navy-Louisiana Tech game in the Armed Forces Bowl (which was viewed in 2.3 million households).

"It was a three-and-a-half-hour infomercial for Old Dominion University, for ODU athletics, for ODU football," Selig said. "The announcers were extremely positive about Coach (Bobby) Wilder, about the university, about the direction of our football program."

The bowl itself generated excitement among Monarch fans and alumni, but ODU's 24-20 win over Eastern Michigan provided even more. The university bookstore has sold 2,000 T-shirts, including several with "Bahamas Bowl Champions" in large print.

"I think I underestimated the value of winning a bowl game," Selig said. "Had we not won the game, people would have still recognized us and remembered the game. But because we actually won the game, that went further to advance ODU's brand."

Johnson can be reached by phone at 757-247-4649.

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Conference USA helps Old Dominion make money on Bahamas Bowl trip - Daily Press

Doug Manchester to be Bahama Papa for US? – San Diego Reader

The BahamasPress.com is an online news operation in the Bahamas. On December 27, it reported, "Lyford Cay resident Papa Doug Manchester is being tipped as the next U.S. Ambassador to the Bahamas under a Trump Administration." (Lyford Cay is a gated community on New Providence Island, Bahamas, considered one of the most affluent and exclusive communities in the world.)

I cannot find that other media have followed this or whether BahamasPress.com covered it again. I phoned Manchester's office and asked one of his assistants if he is in the running for ambassador to the Bahamas. She replied, "Not to my knowledge, no." She quickly added, "I don't want to discuss this with you" and hung up. I have not heard back from the Bahamas government.

Manchester is a multimillionaire real estate developer who once owned the San Diego Union-Tribune.

After Fidel Castro drove the American Mafia out of Cuba in the late 1950s and early 1960s, gangsters decided to make the Bahamas their next offshore gambling haven. Mob financier Meyer Lansky was the major planner. Casinos were set up in the Bahamas. But after the Bahamas got their freedom from Great Britain in 1973, the islands were not so friendly to mobsters, who moved their banking to the Cayman Islands.

The Bahamas were one of the early offshore banking havens. In 2009, when many nations were cracking down on offshore havens, Prime minister Hubert Ingraham said that banking secrecy was one of the pillars of the 50-year-old financial services sector, and there is no plan to change them. However, the Bahamas are not now considered one of the major bank-secrecy havens. Under certain circumstances, it will provide information to foreign governments.

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Doug Manchester to be Bahama Papa for US? - San Diego Reader

Volunteers ‘Good To Go’ For Iaaf World Relays Bahamas – Bahamas Tribune

By Local Organising Committee

IAAF World Relays

Bahamas 2017

A MAJOR sporting event such as the IAAF World Relays Bahamas 2017 can only be successful with the integration of volunteers.

For this years event the LOC is expecting more than 800 volunteers who will give of their time and talent to make the 2017 edition the best edition of the world event.

The hundreds of volunteers have been busy ironing out the logistical details for the relays including accreditation, attachs, translators, helpers and the like.

An event of this magnitude just doesnt happen, said Jerome Sawyer, IAAF World Relays communication director.

It is an intricate dance where many different partners and volunteers are a major participant in this dance. Without them we cant have a successful event.

Many of the volunteers are never seen and some are never at the track.

There are volunteer translators in the four major languages for the event - Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch - who will only be at the host hotels assisting athletes and will never be at the track and their service is just as important as the volunteers who run the athletes clothes baskets around the track, Sawyer added.

Many of the volunteers will be outfitted by the athletic equipment company ASICS which is the new uniform sponsor for volunteers.

The companys name is actually an acronym for the Latin phrase anima sana in corpore sano, which translates roughly as a healthy soul in a healthy body.

We have ordered a full complement of uniforms for our volunteers, said IAAF World Relays volunteer coordinator, Tarahan Mackey.

To make sure there they have everything needed for the IAAF World Relays Bahamas 2017, the LOC will use the Bahamas High school relays March 18-19 as a test event for the World Relays Bahamas 2017.

It will be a test to see if we have the full complement of our volunteers, staff and then we know we are going to work and how it will run functionally, Mackey added.

There will also be four classes for volunteers leading up to the main event in an effort to streamline the functionality of the volunteers.

We are hoping that the classes are filled, Mackey said. Hospitality is the only thing that we have, we have to be proponents of great and excellent service.

The 2017 programme for the IAAF World Relays includes heats and finals for the 4x100m, 4x200m, 4x400m, and the 4x800m for both men and women over the two days of competition.

Runners will also contest a mixed gender 4x400m event. The 2017 Relays are also included in the IAAF World Athletics Series of events.

The single session ticket prices for general admission is $15. Costs for the Silver section is $50, Bronze is $40 and the Gold section is $70.

Tickets are available for the relays online at NSA-Bahamas.com and at the box office at the Thomas A Robinson National Stadium.

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Volunteers 'Good To Go' For Iaaf World Relays Bahamas - Bahamas Tribune

In the Bahamas, the Art of Conch – Caribbean Journal

You cant leave the Bahamas without sampling conch. Whether cracked, curried or in a hearty chowder, the scrumptious sea snail, which thrives in the archipelagos warm and shallow waters, is a must.

But heres another way to enjoy this Bahamian bite.

Treat yourself to one of these conch bowls, painstakingly made by local artisan Aaron Cooper.

Cooper cuts, cleans and polishes the pink-lipped mollusks to fashion curvaceous bowls that serve a multitude of purposes.

Use them as soup bowls (they come with conch spoons) or as servers for gravy or salad dressing (I used mine for cranberry sauce at Thanksgiving dinner). Fill them with guest soaps, potpourri or bath salts and display them with pride in the bathroom. Or use one as a catchall for coins on an entry console or jewelry on your bedside table.

Coopers other conch creations include Christmas decorations and jewelry, and theyre all available at Craft Cottage at the Doongalik Studios complex in downtown Nassau.

Sarah Greaves-Gabbadon, CJ Travel Editor

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In the Bahamas, the Art of Conch - Caribbean Journal

Lupus Bahamas releases new ‘Lupus and the Kidneys’ Educational Pamphlet – The Freeport News

Tuesday, February 07, 2017 by: Sharell Lockhart, News Reporter - Published Tuesday, February 7, 2017

Lupus Bahamas President C. Tamika Lightbourne (left) thanked SpeedX Courier and Freight Services CEO Darrin Williams (right), for assisting the organization with securing new Lupus and the Kidneys Educational Pamphlets for distribution throughout the Grand Bahama community.(PHOTO: JENN ...

Lupus Bahamas President C. Tamika Lightbourne thanked SpeedX Courier and Freight Services CEO Darrin Williams, for assisting the organization with securing new Lupus and the Kidneys Educational Pamphlets for distribution throughout the Grand Bahama community.

The Lupus and the Kidneys Educational Pamphlets is the second to be released of the Lupus Bahamas Organization six-part pamphlets series, which will provide factual information on the affects of Lupus, as well as symptoms, diagnosis and treatment availability.

According to Lightbourne, Today (Thursday, February 2), Lupus Bahamas is elated to have in hand a new educational pamphlet that is the second in our six-part Lets Unite & Fight Lupus Awareness Campaign.

Over the course of the next few months, the Lupus Bahamas organization will distribute the new Lupus and the Kidneys Educational Pamphlets at public and private community clinics island-wide.

Lightbourne added that the organizations previous pamphlet provided general information about Lupus Bahamas, which is a non-profit organization. It also explained exactly what lupus is, its symptoms, categories and possible treatment options.

Additionally, it helped to explain Lupus Bahamas Vision, which is to constantly strive to empower and encourage those living with Lupus; to be a recognized organization inspired by passion for helping all affected by lupus continue to live great quality lives.

The Lupus and the Kidneys Educational Pamphlet is quite important as an estimated one-third to one-half of lupus patients develop lupus nephritis within the first six months to three years of their lupus diagnosis, which involves inflammation of the kidney that is caused by systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and is an autoimmune disease in which the bodys immune system targets its own healthy body tissues.

Each year since the inception of Lupus Bahamas, organization members have traveled around the island speaking at various civic agencies, including the Rotary Club of Grand Bahama Sunrise informing the populous of its mission, which is to place priority on education and awareness through research and literature, believing that quality information is essential for improved health.

And also to foster learning and research success by working with doctors and medical professionals to promote proper and accurate diagnosis, which will further enhance the quality of treatments and health care throughout The Bahamas, revealed the Lupus Bahamas president.

During a speaking engagement at the Rotary Club of Grand Bahama Sunrise of which SpeedX Courier and Freight Services CEO Williams is an active member, Lupus Bahamas was able to strike a partnership with the businessman, who offered his companys courier service to bring in the new Lupus and the Kidneys Educational Pamphlets.

Fervently in his belief that it is important for every business corporation to give back to the wider community, Williams said, Certainly is an honor for SpeedX to partner with Ms. Lightbourne and the Lupus Bahamas organization, which aims to enhance the Grand Bahama communitys education about lupus.

Definitely, I was impressed by the presentation made by Lupus Bahamas at the Rotary Club of Grand Bahama Sunrise meeting and following it, I sought to provide assistance to the organization through my company offering shipping and courier services to help lighten the load oftentimes placed upon the non-profit agencys finances.

SpeedX Courier and Freight Services has been operating on Grand Bahama for the past three years and I have always felt that companies across the island should step up to the plate and positively contribute to the community in which it earns profits.

Whenever possible, I do my best to help out various civic organizations in the community like Lupus Bahamas in fact, we are grateful to have provided aid to the Grand Bahama Childrens Home, as well as other community outreach projects for the benefit of the islands populous.

It is my intention to continue to help the Lupus Bahamas organization particularly as it involves shipping of their educational pamphlets and I urge the community to support all their initiatives and become more informed about the disease.

For further information about Lupus Bahamas and the Lupus and the Kidneys Educational Pamphlets Lightbourne encouraged interested persons to send an email to lupusbahamas.gb@gmail.com or telephone 1-242-439-6208.

Published Tuesday, February 7, 2017

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Mix and Mingle

Non members are welcome!

American Independence Celebration

Come celebrate the American Independence with us. Live music, food and fire works.

14th Annual Southfest Community Festival

GB Chamber of Commerce Business Luncheon

The Grand Bahama Chamber of Commerce Monthly Business Luncheon Meeting.

Atlantic Medical Fun Walk

The Fun Walk starts from Jasmine Corporate Center to the Lucayan Circle and back.

Coconut Festival

The 16th Annual Pelican Point Coconut Festival, Easter Monday.

Good Friday Holiday

GB Business Outlook

TBA

Annual Conch Festival

3rd Annual Conch Festival hosted by Rotary Club of Grand Bahama Sunrise.

Spring Break Bahamas

3 days of excitement with Youth Explosion: Basketball Tournament and worship church service. Special celebrity Quest Kel Mitchell of Nickelodeon, 6 basketball teams from the waver runner sports program and many more.

Grand Bahama Chamber of Commerce

Grand Bahama Chamber of Commerce Monthly Business Luncheon meeting.

11th Annual Golf Classic

Grand Bahama American Women's Club 11th Annual Golf Classic.

Calvary Temple Church 45th Anniversary Service

Under the theme, "Glory is Here," Rev. and Mrs. Ernie Deloach will be guest speakers at this event.

Calvary Temple Church 45th Anniversary Banquet

Elder George Cooper will be honored for his years of dedicated service to the Assemblies of God. Contact the church for tickets.

"Da Market"

Reach Autism Meeting

All persons are asked to attend and be on time.

The Northern Region Public Service Week Planning Committee

Chicken and Steak out

The Bahamas Constitution Review event

A review of the proposed amendments to the Bahamas Constitution... What is it? How it impacts this country in the future? Get all your questions answered surrounding this issue.

The 2013 Miss Grand Bahama Beauty Pageant

Pre-show at 8:15 PM.

Sunday Jazz with CaY

Entertainment, food, drinks & bouncing castle.

"IT'S A SPRING CELEBRATION"

The downtown stores along with the GBPA Downtown Junkanoo Festival

Stores remain open late, Bahamian food, Junkanoo rush-out. All day event ending with Junkanoo!

Miss Grand Bahama Costume Competition

Leaving from the YMCA and finishing at Port Lucaya Marina for judging of costumes.

Cooling Waters Post Mothers Day Concert

Special Guests: The Rahming Brothers

Miss Grand Bahama evening gown and swimsuit competition

Poolside

Julien Believe Single Release Party & Birthday Bash

First Baptist Church Women's Ministry

(Sisters in The Spirit) Annual Women's Conference Theme: The Power of a Praying Woman/Mother. "Scripture 1st Samuel chapter 1.

GB Diabetic Support Group

All interested persons are asked to attend, please be on time.

Pilot Club of Lucaya Meeting

International Federation of Women Lawyers, GB Chapter (FIDA) Meeting

All persons are asked to attend and be on time

Retired Educators Monthly Meeting

All retired educators are invited to attend. Refreshments will be served during the meeting.

Toastmasters Club Destiny Meeting

Toastmasters Club Destiny Meeting

Kingdom Culture Junkanoo Group Monthly Meeting

All members are asked to attend

Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. Omircon Pi Sigma Chapter monthly meeting

All members are asked to attend and be on time.

Lupus Bahamas Monthly Meeting

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Lupus Bahamas releases new 'Lupus and the Kidneys' Educational Pamphlet - The Freeport News

Photos: Obama at Richard Branson’s private island – The Mercury News

NECKER ISLAND, British Virgin Islands (AP) Former President Barack Obama, and his wife, Michelle, have spent some time vacationing with Richard Branson since leaving the White House.

The Virgin Group founder put up a blog post with pictures and video of the ex-president kitesurfing off one of Bransons private islands in the British Virgin Islands. Branson writes that Obama, whos a native of Hawaii, told him he was prevented from surfing by his security detail during his time in office.

Reading this on your iPhone or iPad? Check out our new Apple News app channel here. Click here if youre having trouble viewing the photo gallery.

Branson says after spending a couple days learning to kitesurf, Obama bested the billionaire in a watersport challenge.

He says inviting the Obamas to his island was a huge honor.

Obama spent his first days after leaving Washington vacationing in Palm Springs, California.

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Photos: Obama at Richard Branson's private island - The Mercury News

Krista Tippett February 01, 2017 – America Magazine

Over the past 20 years, I have asked Christians and atheists, poets and physicists, authors and activists to speak on air about something that ultimately defies each and every one of our words. This radio adventure began in the mid-1990s, when I emerged from divinity school to find a media and political landscape in which the conversation about faith had been handed to a few strident, polarizing voices. I longed to create a conversational space that could honor the intellectual as well as the spiritual content of this aspect of human existence.

The history of theology is one long compulsion to not, as St. Augustine said, remain altogether silent. The history of theology, and humanity, is also brimming, of course, with words about faiths unreasonableness and limitations. One of my favorite definitions of faith emerged from an interview with a Jesuit priestthe Vatican astronomer George Coyne, who quoted the author Anne Lamott: The opposite of faith is not doubt. The opposite of faith is certainty. I have thrown this line into more than a few erudite discussions, and it delightfully shakes things up.

That is all by way of declaring that I can offer only incomplete and humble observations to the question of what I have learned about faith, in my life of radio conversation and the life I have led alongside it. Faith is evolutionary in every culture and in any life. The same enduring, fundamental belief will hold a transfigured substance in the beginning, the middle and the end of any lifetime. So here are three things I perceive about the state of faiths evolution in our world and in American culture right now.

The new nonreligious may be the greatest hope for the revitalization of religion.

The phrase spiritual but not religious, now common social parlance, is just the tip of an iceberg that has already moved on. We are among the first people in human history who do not broadly inherit religious identity as a given, a matter of kin and tribe, like hair color and hometown. And this is not leading to the decline of spiritual life but to its transformation. One might even use the loaded word reformation. This is reformation in a distinctly 21st-century form. Its impulses would make more sense to Bonhoeffer, with his intimation of religionless Christianity, than to Luther, with those theses he could pin to a door.

Masses of airtime and print space have been given over to the phenomenon of the nonesthe awkwardly named, fastest-growing segment of spiritual identification comprising something like 15 percent of the American population as a whole and a full third of people under 30. I do not find it surprising that young people born in the 1980s and 90s have distanced themselves from the notion of religious declaration, coming of age as they did in that era, in which strident religious voices became toxic forces in American culture.

More to the point: The growing universe of the nones is one of the most spiritually vibrant and provocative spaces in modern life. It is not a world in which spiritual life is absent. It is a world that resists religious excesses and shallows. Large swaths of this universe are wild with ethical passion and delving, openly theological curiosity, and they are expressing this in unexpected places and unexpected ways. There are churches and synagogues full of nones. They are also filling up undergraduate classes on the New Testament and St. Augustine.

Nathan Schneider, a frequent America contributor, eloquently described to me during his interview on my show the paradox of his own spiritually eclectic upbringing and the depth of searching he and his peers engage when they encounter the traditions. He converted to Catholicism as a teen, attracted to the contemplative tradition of the medieval church and the radical social witness of people like Dorothy Day. But at Mass, he met many lifelong Catholics who appeared unaware of the riches of their own tradition and kept going with a kind of inertia. Meanwhile, among the unchurched, he found people who were grappling with the big questions. They didnt feel like they could really commit themselves to these institutions, but they were curious, and they were looking for something.

I see seekers in this realm pointing Christianity back to its own untamable, countercultural, service-oriented heart. I have spoken with a young man who started a digital enterprise that joins strangers for conversation and community around life traumas, from the economic to the familial; young Californians with a passion for social justice working to gain a theological grounding and spiritual resilience for their work and others; African-American meditators helping community initiatives cast a wider and more diverse net of neighbors. The line between sacred and secular does not quite make sense to any of them, even though none of them are religious in any traditional form. But they are animated by Martin Luther King Jr.s vision of creating the beloved community. They are giving themselves over to this, with great intention and humility, as a calling that is spiritual and not merely social and political.

There is a new conversation and interplay between religion and science in human life, and it has wondering (not debating) at its heart.

In the century now past, certain kinds of religiosity turned themselves into boxes into which too little wondering could enter or escape. So did certain kinds of nonbelief. But this I believe: Any conviction worth its salt has chosen to cohabit with a piece of mystery, and that mystery is at the essence of the vitality and growth of the thing.

Einstein saw a capacity for wonder, a reverence for mystery, at the heart of the best of science and religion and the arts. And as this century opened, physicists, cosmologists and astronomers were no longer pushing mystery out but welcoming it back in. Physics came to the edge of what it thought to be final frontiers and discovered, among other premise-toppling things, that the expansion of the universe is not slowing down but speeding up. It turns out that the vast majority of the cosmos is brim full of forces we had never before imagined and cannot yet fathomthe intriguingly named dark matter, as well as dark energy.

Meanwhile, quantum physics, whose tenets Einstein compared to voodoo, has given us cellphones and personal computers, technologies of the everyday by which we populate online versions of outer space. In turn, these immersive, science-driven experiences are renewing ancient human intuitions that linear, immediate reality is not all there is. There is reality and there is virtual reality, space and cyberspace. Use whatever analogy you will. Our online lives take us down the rabbit hole, like Alice. We wake up in the morning and walk through the back of the closet into Narnia. The further we delve into artificial intelligence and the mapping of our own brains, the more fabulous our own consciousness appears.

I am strangely comforted when I hear from cosmologists that human beings are the most complex creatures we know of in the universe, still, by far. Black holes are in their way explicable; the simplest living being is not. I lean a bit more confidently into the experience that life is so endlessly perplexing. I love that word, perplexing. In this sense, spiritual life is a reasonable, reality-based pursuit. It can have mystical entry points and destinations, to be sure. But it is in the end about befriending reality, the common human experience of mystery included. It acknowledges the full drama of the human condition. It attends to beauty and pleasure; it attends to grief and pain and the enigma of our capacity to resist the very things we long for and need.

Science is even a new kind of companion in illuminating this, the mystery of ourselves. Biologists and neuroscientists and social psychologists are taking the great virtues into the laboratoryforgiveness, compassion, love, even awe. They are describing, in ways theology could never do alone, how such things work; in the process, they are making the practice of virtues and indeed the elements of righteousness more humanly possible. The science-religion debate of clashing certainties was never true to the spirit or the history of science or of faith. But this new conversation and interplay born of a shared wonder is revolutionary and redemptive for us all.

The connection points I hear to monasticism and contemplation, nearly everywhere in the emerging spiritual landscape, are beyond intriguing.

The desert fathers and mothers, the visionaries like St. Benedict and St. Francis and Julian of Norwich and St. Ignatius Loyolathey all found their voice at a distance from a church they experienced to have grown externally domesticated and inwardly cold, out of touch with its own spiritual core. I see their ecumenical, humanist, transnational analogs among the nones. There is a growing ecumenical constellation of communities called the new monasticism with deep roots in evangelical Christianitya loose network around the United States in which single people and couples and families explore new forms of intentional community and service to the world around. And there are technologists hacking the Rule of St. Benedict to build open, networked communities beyond the grip of the internet giants.

Meanwhile, even as many Western monastic communities in their traditional forms are growing smaller, their spaces for prayer and retreat are bursting at the seams with modern people retreating for rest and silence and centering and prayer, which they take back with them into families and workplaces and communities and schools. As the noisy world seems to be pulling us apart, many people in and beyond the boundaries of tradition are experiencing their need for contemplative practices that were for centuries pursued by professional religious classes and too often missing from the lives of ordinary believers.

In so many ways, I see the new dynamics of spiritual life in our time as gifts to the wisdom of the ages, even as they unsettle the foundations of faith as we have known it. This is a dialectic by which faith, in order to survive, has the chance to live more profoundly into its own deepest sense than it ever could before. I have no idea what religion will look like a century from now, but this evolution of faith will change us all.

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Krista Tippett February 01, 2017 - America Magazine

‘A community remembers’ coming to Hesston – Butler County Times Gazette

By Chad FreyNewton Kansan@ChadFrey

HESSTON It has been nearly a year since tragedy struck at Excel Industries. Nearly a full year since an angry man went home, got a gun and started shooting at random cars in Newton before entering Excel and killing three people. He was shot and killed by police in one of the deadliest days in Harvey County history.

It is a day few will ever forget, even if they want to. It is a day, according to Brad Burkholder, that the community is still trying to recover from.

For the past year, people are dealing with it in different ways and are in different stages, Burkholder said. ... We are impacted in different ways, and we all recover at different speeds as well.

Burkholder is pastor of Hesston Mennonite Brethren church of Hesston and a member of the Hesston Ministerial Alliance. He and the alliance are organizing a night to remember that fateful day. The ceremony, called A Community Remembers: 'The Light Shines in the Darkness will begin at 5 p.m. Feb. 19 at Hesston High School.

The ministerial alliance purposely avoided the actual date of the shootings Feb. 25.

We decided not to do the day of, or the Sunday after. We thought it was important to gather before the actual anniversary, Burkholder said.

The Ministerial Alliance, Excel Industries and the Hesston Community Foundation teamed up to create the observance.

The observance is coming as the result of community requests people asking all three organizations when something would be done.

We got to the later part of (2016) and we knew we did not want Feb 25 to pass without something intentional, said Susan Lamb with the community foundation.

The service will include remembering the dead from that day Renee Benjamin, 30; Joshua Higbee, 31; Brian Sadowsky, 44, and Cedric Ford, 38. Also remembered will be those injured during the events.

There will also be a moment of hope offered.

We will have a commissioning. We want to remind people that as they go out in their communities that week we have an opportunity to meet people where they are at, Burkholder said. We need to acknowledge that there is pain and hurt. We all carry with us our past experiences. We know that not everyone who comes will have the same belief system spiritually, but we need each other.

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'A community remembers' coming to Hesston - Butler County Times Gazette

Coalition Calls Itself The ‘Eyes, Ears & Voice’ Of Pittsburgh’s Black Community – 90.5 WESA

Politicians from the local and state level are partnering in a new way to find out what issues are most important to Pittsburghs black residents and how to address them.

The Pittsburgh Black Elected Officials Coalition, which includes Allegheny County Councilman DeWitt Walton, Pittsburgh City Councilmembers Daniel Lavelle and Ricky Burgess and state representatives Jake Wheatley and Ed Gainey, just completed its first project.

The group released its Peace and Justice Initiative report last Thursday, which outlines six key areas of concern within the citys African American community, including public safety, housing, family, business and education.

Walton said the issues are interwoven.

How can we better collaborate and coordinate better opportunities from community based and workforce opportunities? Walton said. And as a result, increase the per capita wage income of individuals, and as a result, youll increase home ownership. And a third result, youll increase public safety.

Waltonis one of five black elected officials who represent Pittsburgh at the city, county and state levels. The current terms of three of those five -- Wheatley, Gainey and Lavelle -- will expire in the next two years.

Wheatley, who represents the 19th district, which is majority black, said the group had a clear catalyst.

I think we started to see the explosion of young black men and women being killed by police officers, Wheatley said. And when we started to question, why is that happening? Its not just the criminal justice system, its a culture of neglect that weve allowed to continue. We have to address it in a holistic approach. We have to attack all of these areas, and figure out how we can fundamentally transform how we see view and transform these vulnerable communities.

Wheatley said this is the first time the five men have really worked together. In the past, there had been some tension and political rivalry. But he said to make an impact, you need to have functional relations at every level of government.

I understand the importance of having someone whos a friend or at least a confidant at the city level, he said. Because what we do at the state level impacts the city and what theyre doing at the city level helps inform what I need to do at the state level.

Lavelle agreed.

Currently in the Hill District, were dealing with new housing developments, but many of the dollars have come from the federal government and we also received state grants, he said. And that only happens when you have a close relationship with those representing you on those levels, that understand the vision and your goals.

Since there are so few black elected officials in the area, Wheatley said he feels a particularly heavy weight on his shoulders to serve his constituents.

Leadership has no colors, no gender, no income, he said. But there is a different pressure being in Pittsburgh, being an African American, and being in one of these elected offices, because all around you, you see men and women and children who look like you and are dependent on you to be their eyes and ears and voice. You see them suffering on most of the social and economic indicators. You see them suffering the worst.

From institutional racism to implicit bias,Lavellesaid the members of this coalition intimately understand the challenges facing the black community.

We know it. Weve lived it. Weve experienced it, he said. Even as policy makers, weve experienced it when weve tried to bring issues to the table that affect communities of color but dont necessarily have the ear of all our white colleagues to understand why this is so critical. I think the difference now is when we collectively stand up and being able to have a unified voice, I think will really be able to move the needle in a way that we havent in the past.

Wheatley said moving that needle will require bringing a lot of other people on board with their vision a significant task for he andGainey.

For example, me and Ed are two in a body that has 253 members, he said. So how do you build other members along to what were trying to accomplish to make the transformations on a state level?

Lavellesaid on their own, the five coalition members wont be able to make a tremendous difference on the realities of whats impacting people. He said support needs to come from the top down, but also from the bottom up within his own district.

Its an interesting conversation when I have residents Downtown complaining about broken sidewalks or needing street repair, Lavelle said. Ill often say to them, I understand the need for this, but if you help me increase the economic situation for those who are your neighbors in the Hill District, thatll grow the tax base, bring in additional revenues, to do some of these other things being done.

The coalition held community meetings across the city last year to ask residents what they want changed.Members agreed they each need to be more intentional about who theyre engaging across the community, with special emphasis on those most affectedby social and economic inequities.

The nonprofit Homewood Childrens Village gathered additional data and formed the report. It contained no specific policy recommendations, but members said plans in the pipeline could include legislation; approval from city, county and state leaders; and corporate sponsorship.

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Coalition Calls Itself The 'Eyes, Ears & Voice' Of Pittsburgh's Black Community - 90.5 WESA

Want a happy old age? Get your friends to be your neighbours – Independent Online

London - Picture the scene: its a glorious sunny morning, you stroll out onto the balcony of your self-contained, all mod-cons flat, to have a coffee in the sunshine. Your best friend, whos moved in next door, is out on her balcony so you have a bit of a catch up.

The two of you wave to some friends who are walking across the communal landscaped gardens below, on their way to a morning yoga class.

Popping downstairs to the concierge to pick up your post, you bump into another good friend who suggests you join her at the on-site private members club that evening and, as youre heading back to your flat, you encounter yet another friend who tells you shes off to the shops and asks if she pick up anything for you.

It might sound like utopia something many of us have fantasised about over a drink with friends but in a few parts of the UK its becoming a reality. Groups of 50-something empty nesters or singletons looking to downsize arent just hoping theyll get on with the neighbours, theyre moving in en masse, creating what have been dubbed "intentional communities".

Think of it as a university hall of residence only for grown-ups. You have your own space, but theres a community of people you already know living on the doorstep, and often a whole load of shopping and entertaining facilities besides.

Sian Sutherland, 55, is an entrepreneur who co-founded Mio Skincare and Mama Mio, a skincare company. She and her husband have bought a property within the redeveloped Television Centre, the BBCs former HQ in White City, West London, and she has convinced her brother, Nick, and three other friends and their families to buy flats in the scheme. When complete, the development, which opens in December, will include 950 homes, cafes, restaurants, a cinema, hotel and even a branch of swanky members club, Soho House.

"Were nowhere near retiring, but we do see this as the last home we will buy in London," she says. "It gives us the opportunity to be living in a vibrant area, where we can enjoy everything that the city has to offer, but within a real community of people you know and love. I love the buzz of living in a city but the anonymity can sometimes be very isolating. Now, Ive got the opportunity to create a close community of interesting, fun, creative people.

"I love the idea of being so close to friends, you can pop in for a G&T during the week."

For her and her friends, the community aspect is very important. She has been in discussions with the developers about a coffee shop run by and for the residents that her brother, Nick, will open as a bar in the evenings.

"I think weve become used to curating our social communities online, seeking out like-minded groups of friends on Facebook and other social media, and I dont see any reason that shouldnt translate to real life. Loneliness is a huge problem in society these days and I think thats partly because we dont have enough real human interaction. So, for me, living near to the people you want to interact with makes perfect sense."

While Sian and her friends are buying into existing developments, thats just one approach.

Across the country, older people are devising new ways to create their own communities, whether as has happened in a suburb of Cardiff by notifying their friends when properties close to their own come up for sale, or starting from scratch and commissioning architects to build dedicated housing and gathering other like-minded people along the way, an approach that is known as "cohousing".

Melanie Nock, 53, works for a charity and lives in a three-bedroom house within Laughton Lodge, Lewes, East Sussex, a converted hospital building set in 22 acres of land with a village hall complete with kitchen for communal meals once a week.

Melanie says: "Cohousing keeps me young. I have made friends Ill have for ever and love the fact that I can socialise with them at the drop of a hat. If I want a companion to walk the dog with or join me for a swim, I just have to knock next door no forward planning, no mobile phones required. This means I never get lonely, or bored if my husband is busy.

"I am still only in my 50s, you never know how things are going to turn out, so it is important to build a strong support network now for the future. I know that if I ever have to face a crisis later on in life for example, if anything happened to me or my husband there would always be someone to help here.

"You cant look to your neighbours to be your carers as you get older, but they will be there to give you a lift to town, take you to the doctor, buy you a pint of milk or simply for a much-needed chat."

Indeed, communal living is being hailed as a solution to the alienation and isolation many experience today, and its for this reason its become such an appealing prospect for so many people looking to grow old surrounded by the people they know and love.

"In Holland, in the 1990s they saw senior cohousing as a way of keeping older people happier, healthier and more independent for longer," explains Maria Brenton, UKCNs Ambassador for Senior Cohousing. "They introduced policies that would assist that and there are now between 200 and 300 senior cohousing communities over there.'

Daily Mail

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Want a happy old age? Get your friends to be your neighbours - Independent Online

Space travel visionaries solve the problem of interstellar slowdown at Alpha Centauri – Phys.Org

February 1, 2017 Interstellar journey: The aim of the Starshot project is to send a tiny spacecraft propelled by an enormous rectangular photon sail to the Alpha Centauri star system, where it would fly past the Earth-like planet Proxima Centauri b. The four red beams emitted from the corners of the sail depict laser pulses for communication with the Earth. Credit: Planetary Habitability Laboratory, Univesity of Puerto Rico at Arecibo

In April last year, billionaire Yuri Milner announced the Breakthrough Starshot Initiative. He plans to invest 100 million US dollars in the development of an ultra-light light sail that can be accelerated to 20 percent of the speed of light to reach the Alpha Centauri star system within 20 years. The problem of how to slow down this projectile once it reaches its target remains a challenge. Ren Heller of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Gttingen and his colleague Michael Hippke propose to use the radiation and gravity of the Alpha Centauri stars to decelerate the craft. It could then even be rerouted to the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri and its Earth-like planet Proxima b.

In the recent science fiction film Passengers, a huge spaceship flies at half the speed of light on a 120-year-long journey toward the distant planet Homestead II, where its 5000 passengers are to set up a new home. This dream is impossible to realize at the current state of technology. "With today's technology, even a small probe would have to travel nearly 100,000 years to reach its destination," Ren Heller says.

Notwithstanding the technical challenges, Heller and his colleague Michael Hippke wondered, "How could you optimize the scientific yield of this type of a mission?" Such a fast probe would cover the distance from the Earth to the Moon in just six seconds. It would therefore hurtle past the stars and planets of the Alpha Centauri system in a flash.

The solution is for the probe's sail to be redeployed upon arrival so that the spacecraft would be optimally decelerated by the incoming radiation from the stars in the Alpha Centauri system. Ren Heller, an astrophysicist an astrophysicist working on preparations for the upcoming Exoplanet mission PLATO, found a congenial spirit in IT specialist Michael Hippke, who set up the computer simulations.

The two scientists based their calculations on a space probe weighing less than 100 grams in total, which is mounted to a 100,000-square-metre sail, equivalent to the area of 14 soccer fields. During the approach to Alpha Centauri, the braking force would increase. The stronger the braking force, the more effectively the spacecraft's speed can be reduced upon arrival. Vice versa, the same physics could be used to accelerate the sail at departure from the solar system, using the sun as a photon cannon.

The tiny spacecraft would first need to approach the star Alpha Centauri A as close as around four million kilometres, corresponding to five stellar radii, at a maximum speed of 13,800 kilometres per second (4.6 per cent of the speed of light). At even higher speeds, the probe would simply overshoot the star.

During its stellar encounter, the probe would not only be repelled by the stellar radiation, but it would also be attracted by the star's gravitational field. This effect could be used to deflect it around the star. These swing-by-manoeuvres have been performed numerous times by space probes in our solar system. "In our nominal mission scenario, the probe would take a little less than 100 years or about twice as long as the Voyager probes have now been travelling. And these machines from the 1970s are still operational," says Michael Hippke.

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Theoretically, the autonomous, active light sail proposed by Heller and Hippke could settle into a bound orbit around Alpha Centauri A and possibly explore its planets. However, the two scientists are thinking even bigger. Alpha Centauri is a triple star system. The two binary stars A and B revolve around their common centre of mass in a relatively close orbit, while the third star, Proxima Centauri, is 0.22 light years away, more than 12,500 times the distance between the Sun and the Earth.

The sail could be configured so that the stellar pressure from star A brakes and deflects the probe toward Alpha Centauri B, where it would arrive after just a few days. The sail would then be slowed again and catapulted towards Proxima Centauri, where it would arrive after another 46 years about 140 years after its launch from Earth.

Proxima Centauri caused a sensation in August 2016 when astronomers at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) discovered an exoplanet companion that is about as massive as the Earth and that orbits the star in its so-called habitable zone. This makes it theoretically possible for liquid water to exist on its surface water being a key prerequisite for life on Earth.

"This finding prompted us to think about the possibility of stopping a high-velocity interstellar lightsail at Proxima Centauri and its planet," says Ren Heller. The Max Planck researcher and his colleague propose another change to the strategy for the Starshot project: instead of a huge energy-hungry laser, the Sun's radiation could be used to accelerate a nanoprobe beyond the solar system. "It would have to approach the Sun to within about five solar radii to acquire the necessary momentum," Heller says.

The two astronomers are now discussing their concept with the members of the Breakthrough Starshot Initiative, to whom they owe the inspiration for their study. "Our new mission concept could yield a high scientific return, but only the grandchildren of our grandchildren would receive it. Starshot, on the other hand, works on a timescale of decades and could be realized in one generation. So we might have identified a longterm, follow-up concept for Starshot," Heller says.

Although the new scenario is based on a mathematical study and computer simulations, the proposed hardware of the sail is already being developed in laboratories today: "The sail could be made of graphene, an extremely thin and light but mega-tough carbon film," Ren Heller says. The film would have to be blanketed by a highly reflective cover to endure the harsh conditions of deep space and the heat near the destination star.

The optical and electronic systems would have to be tiny. But if you were to remove all the unnecessary components from a modern smartphone, "only a few grams of functional technology would remain." Moreover, the lightweight spacecraft would have to navigate independently and transmit its data to Earth by laser. To do so, it would need energy, which it could harness from the stellar radiation.

Breakthrough Starshot therefore poses daunting challenges that have so far only been solved theoretically. Nevertheless, "many great visions in the history of mankind had to struggle with seemingly insurmountable obstacles," Heller says. "We could soon be entering an era in which humans can leave their own star system to explore exoplanets using fly-by missions."

Explore further: Image: Hubble's best image of Alpha Centauri A and B

More information: Heller, R., & Hippke, M. (2017) "Deceleration of high-velocity interstellar sails into bound orbits at Alpha Centauri", The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 835, L32, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/835/2/L32

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100grams is also pretty ambitious (as it includes the weight of the sail). Graphene weighs 0.77milligrams per square meter. So 100k square meter sail already 77g If you add any kind of reflective layer this will be WAY over the 100g mark. And you need some structural elements to make sure it doesn't collapse under the pressure of the radiation for accelerating/decelerating it.

The StarChip probe package is envisioned at a few grams with a 'compact laser for data transmission'. However I've not seen anyone mention how such a small laser can transmit data over 4 light years.

Sure, the 100 gram useless piece of space junk will be a $100Mil monument to the dumbass ego. Hopefully no aliens will notice it (only 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012 chance they will, as no one lives in Alpha Centauri system).

What level of drag do you get from this size sail, from the thin interstellar medium? How do you compensate for the unknown medium and wind particulates drag near proxima?

Yes, to say the least, this presented concept is problematic. The asteroid belt contains sufficient kinetic energy to send a much larger probe out at as high or higher speed with far greater safety. Why don't they use that? Asteroids are just sitting there waiting for someone clever enough to start bouncing things around, so to speak. The physics is Newtonian for crying out loud.

I really have no idea how such a small probe can pack all of the systems needed for this probe to be worth while. How is it generating power, storing it, keeping itself warm. What about redundant systems for when a cosmic particle crashes through the probes electronics? Can the probe receive over the air software updates in order to fix the software glitch the system will no doubt be launched with. Can we really track this probe to sufficient accuracy in order to perform corrective trajectory manoeuvres? What bit rate can you achieve from such a tiny, low powered (where's the power coming from) laser? Is it possible to point lasers so accurate we can hit this probe from Earth, 4 light years away??? Surely bi-directional communication is required. Better not need to update the probe in a hurry, 4 years is some savage communication lag!!!!! Unfurling and furling of the sail repeatedly and probe stabilisation during the process...... GOOD F_cking luck with that!!!!!!

Even the swarm-antenna idea doesn't quite work as at the speed and how they are being sent they would only remain in a viable configuration for a tiny amount of time.

This article is about a much slower speed mission which I think might be impractical based on limited attention span of civilization. Also the possibility that we'll have much better propulsion systems before the probe could get there - the probe could find itself being passed by tourist ships on the way to the same destination. 😉

The gravitational focus concept is fascinating because it implies low power interstellar communications are possible. Alas, still limited to lightspeed.

You can graph the time it takes at which a probe (or manned craft) could get there. You can also graph the time it takes each time we double the capabilities of our thrust systems. By those graphs it currently makes no sense to launch, because technological advance will make a craft that is launched *later* arrive there earlier.

We shouldn't be concerned with how we get information back with technology we could make now. We should look to how to get information back at a time when we are close to the break-even point of "travel time vs. tech advance"

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Space travel visionaries solve the problem of interstellar slowdown at Alpha Centauri - Phys.Org

Wearable Devices Can Actually Tell When You’re About to Get Sick – Singularity Hub

Feeling run down? Have a case of the sniffles? Maybe you should have paid more attention to your smartwatch.

No, thats not the pitch line for a new commercial peddling wearable technology, though no doubt a few companies will be interested in the latest research published in PLOS Biology for the next advertising campaign. It turns out that some of the data logged by our personal tracking devices regarding healthheart rate, skin temperature, even oxygen saturationappear useful for detecting the onset of illness.

We think we can pick up the earliest stages when people get sick, says Michael Snyder, a professor and chair of genetics at Stanford University and senior author of the study, Digital Health: Tracking Physiomes and Activity Using Wearable Biosensors Reveals Useful Health-Related Information.

Snyder said his team was surprised that the wearables were so effective in detecting the start of the flu, or even Lyme disease, but in hindsight the results make sense: Wearables that track different parameters such as heart rate continuously monitor each vital sign, producing a dense set of data against which aberrations stand out even in the least sensitive wearables.

[Wearables are] pretty powerful because theyre a continuous measurement of these things, notes Snyder during an interview with Singularity Hub.

The researchers collected data for up to 24 months on a small study group, which included Snyder himself. Known as Participant #1 in the paper, Snyder benefited from the study when the wearable devices detected marked changes in his heart rate and skin temperature from his normal baseline. A test about two weeks later confirmed he had contracted Lyme disease.

In fact, during the nearly two years while he was monitored, the wearables detected 11 periods with elevated heart rate, corresponding to each instance of illness Snyder experienced during that time. It also detected anomalies on four occasions when Snyder was not feeling ill.

An expert in genomics, Snyder said his team was interested in looking at the effectiveness of wearables technology to detect illness as part of a broader interest in personalized medicine.

Everybodys baseline is different, and these devices are very good at characterizing individual baselines, Snyder says. I think medicine is going to go from reactivemeasuring people after they get sickto proactive: predicting these risks.

Thats essentially what genomics is all about: trying to catch disease early, he notes. I think these devices are set up for that, Snyder says.

The cost savings could be substantial if a better preventive strategy for healthcare can be found. A landmark report in 2012 from the Cochrane Collaboration, an international group of medical researchers, analyzed 14 large trials with more than 182,000 people. The findings: Routine checkups are basically a waste of time. They did little to lower the risk of serious illness or premature death. A news story in Reuters estimated that the US spends about $8 billion a year in annual physicals.

The study also found that wearables have the potential to detect individuals at risk for Type 2 diabetes. Snyder and his co-authors argue that biosensors could be developed to detect variations in heart rate patterns, which tend to differ for those experiencing insulin resistance.

Finally, the researchers also noted that wearables capable of tracking blood oxygenation provided additional insights into physiological changes caused by flying. While a drop in blood oxygenation during flight due to changes in cabin pressure is a well-known medical fact, the wearables recorded a drop in levels during most of the flight, which was not known before. The paper also suggested that lower oxygen in the blood is associated with feelings of fatigue.

Speaking while en route to the airport for yet another fatigue-causing flight, Snyder is still tracking his vital signs today. He hopes to continue the project by improving on the software his team originally developed to detect deviations from baseline health and sense when people are becoming sick.

In addition, Snyder says his lab plans to make the software work on all smart wearable devices, and eventually develop an app for users.

I think [wearables] will be the wave of the future for collecting a lot of health-related information. Its a very inexpensive way to get very dense data about your health that you cant get in other ways, he says. I do see a world where you go to the doctor and theyve downloaded your data. Theyll be able to see if youve been exercising, for example.

It will be very complementary to how healthcare currently works.

Image Credit: Shutterstock

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Wearable Devices Can Actually Tell When You're About to Get Sick - Singularity Hub

Are You Living in a Simulation?

BY NICK BOSTROM

Many works of science fiction as well as some forecasts by serious technologists and futurologists predict that enormous amounts of computing power will be available in the future. Let us suppose for a moment that these predictions are correct. One thing that later generations might do with their super-powerful computers is run detailed simulations of their forebears or of people like their forebears. Because their computers would be so powerful, they could run a great many such simulations. Suppose that these simulated people are conscious (as they would be if the simulations were sufficiently fine-grained and if a certain quite widely accepted position in the philosophy of mind is correct). Then it could be the case that the vast majority of minds like ours do not belong to the original race but rather to people simulated by the advanced descendants of an original race. It is then possible to argue that, if this were the case, we would be rational to think that we are likely among the simulated minds rather than among the original biological ones. Therefore, if we dont think that we are currently living in a computer simulation, we are not entitled to believe that we will have descendants who will run lots of such simulations of their forebears. That is the basic idea. The rest of this paper will spell it out more carefully.

Apart form the interest this thesis may hold for those who are engaged in futuristic speculation, there are also more purely theoretical rewards. The argument provides a stimulus for formulating some methodological and metaphysical questions, and it suggests naturalistic analogies to certain traditional religious conceptions, which some may find amusing or thought-provoking.

The structure of the paper is as follows. First, we formulate an assumption that we need to import from the philosophy of mind in order to get the argument started. Second, we consider some empirical reasons for thinking that running vastly many simulations of human minds would be within the capability of a future civilization that has developed many of those technologies that can already be shown to be compatible with known physical laws and engineering constraints. This part is not philosophically necessary but it provides an incentive for paying attention to the rest. Then follows the core of the argument, which makes use of some simple probability theory, and a section providing support for a weak indifference principle that the argument employs. Lastly, we discuss some interpretations of the disjunction, mentioned in the abstract, that forms the conclusion of the simulation argument.

A common assumption in the philosophy of mind is that of substrate-independence. The idea is that mental states can supervene on any of a broad class of physical substrates. Provided a system implements the right sort of computational structures and processes, it can be associated with conscious experiences. It is not an essential property of consciousness that it is implemented on carbon-based biological neural networks inside a cranium: silicon-based processors inside a computer could in principle do the trick as well.

Arguments for this thesis have been given in the literature, and although it is not entirely uncontroversial, we shall here take it as a given.

The argument we shall present does not, however, depend on any very strong version of functionalism or computationalism. For example, we need not assume that the thesis of substrate-independence is necessarily true (either analytically or metaphysically) just that, in fact, a computer running a suitable program would be conscious. Moreover, we need not assume that in order to create a mind on a computer it would be sufficient to program it in such a way that it behaves like a human in all situations, including passing the Turing test etc. We need only the weaker assumption that it would suffice for the generation of subjective experiences that the computational processes of a human brain are structurally replicated in suitably fine-grained detail, such as on the level of individual synapses. This attenuated version of substrate-independence is quite widely accepted.

Neurotransmitters, nerve growth factors, and other chemicals that are smaller than a synapse clearly play a role in human cognition and learning. The substrate-independence thesis is not that the effects of these chemicals are small or irrelevant, but rather that they affect subjective experience only via their direct or indirect influence on computational activities. For example, if there can be no difference in subjective experience without there also being a difference in synaptic discharges, then the requisite detail of simulation is at the synaptic level (or higher).

III. THE TECHNOLOGICAL LIMITS OF COMPUTATION

At our current stage of technological development, we have neither sufficiently powerful hardware nor the requisite software to create conscious minds in computers. But persuasive arguments have been given to the effect that if technological progress continues unabated then these shortcomings will eventually be overcome. Some authors argue that this stage may be only a few decades away. Yet present purposes require no assumptions about the time-scale. The simulation argument works equally well for those who think that it will take hundreds of thousands of years to reach a posthuman stage of civilization, where humankind has acquired most of the technological capabilities that one can currently show to be consistent with physical laws and with material and energy constraints.

Such a mature stage of technological development will make it possible to convert planets and other astronomical resources into enormously powerful computers. It is currently hard to be confident in any upper bound on the computing power that may be available to posthuman civilizations. As we are still lacking a theory of everything, we cannot rule out the possibility that novel physical phenomena, not allowed for in current physical theories, may be utilized to transcend those constraints that in our current understanding impose theoretical limits on the information processing attainable in a given lump of matter. We can with much greater confidence establish lower bounds on posthuman computation, by assuming only mechanisms that are already understood. For example, Eric Drexler has outlined a design for a system the size of a sugar cube (excluding cooling and power supply) that would perform 1021 instructions per second. Another author gives a rough estimate of 1042 operations per second for a computer with a mass on order of a large planet. (If we could create quantum computers, or learn to build computers out of nuclear matter or plasma, we could push closer to the theoretical limits. Seth Lloyd calculates an upper bound for a 1 kg computer of 5*1050 logical operations per second carried out on ~1031 bits. However, it suffices for our purposes to use the more conservative estimate that presupposes only currently known design-principles.)

The amount of computing power needed to emulate a human mind can likewise be roughly estimated. One estimate, based on how computationally expensive it is to replicate the functionality of a piece of nervous tissue that we have already understood and whose functionality has been replicated in silico, contrast enhancement in the retina, yields a figure of ~1014 operations per second for the entire human brain. An alternative estimate, based the number of synapses in the brain and their firing frequency, gives a figure of ~1016-1017 operations per second. Conceivably, even more could be required if we want to simulate in detail the internal workings of synapses and dendritic trees. However, it is likely that the human central nervous system has a high degree of redundancy on the mircoscale to compensate for the unreliability and noisiness of its neuronal components. One would therefore expect a substantial efficiency gain when using more reliable and versatile non-biological processors.

Memory seems to be a no more stringent constraint than processing power. Moreover, since the maximum human sensory bandwidth is ~108 bits per second, simulating all sensory events incurs a negligible cost compared to simulating the cortical activity. We can therefore use the processing power required to simulate the central nervous system as an estimate of the total computational cost of simulating a human mind.

If the environment is included in the simulation, this will require additional computing power how much depends on the scope and granularity of the simulation. Simulating the entire universe down to the quantum level is obviously infeasible, unless radically new physics is discovered. But in order to get a realistic simulation of human experience, much less is needed only whatever is required to ensure that the simulated humans, interacting in normal human ways with their simulated environment, dont notice any irregularities. The microscopic structure of the inside of the Earth can be safely omitted. Distant astronomical objects can have highly compressed representations: verisimilitude need extend to the narrow band of properties that we can observe from our planet or solar system spacecraft. On the surface of Earth, macroscopic objects in inhabited areas may need to be continuously simulated, but microscopic phenomena could likely be filled in ad hoc. What you see through an electron microscope needs to look unsuspicious, but you usually have no way of confirming its coherence with unobserved parts of the microscopic world. Exceptions arise when we deliberately design systems to harness unobserved microscopic phenomena that operate in accordance with known principles to get results that we are able to independently verify. The paradigmatic case of this is a computer. The simulation may therefore need to include a continuous representation of computers down to the level of individual logic elements. This presents no problem, since our current computing power is negligible by posthuman standards.

Moreover, a posthuman simulator would have enough computing power to keep track of the detailed belief-states in all human brains at all times. Therefore, when it saw that a human was about to make an observation of the microscopic world, it could fill in sufficient detail in the simulation in the appropriate domain on an as-needed basis. Should any error occur, the director could easily edit the states of any brains that have become aware of an anomaly before it spoils the simulation. Alternatively, the director could skip back a few seconds and rerun the simulation in a way that avoids the problem.

It thus seems plausible that the main computational cost in creating simulations that are indistinguishable from physical reality for human minds in the simulation resides in simulating organic brains down to the neuronal or sub-neuronal level. While it is not possible to get a very exact estimate of the cost of a realistic simulation of human history, we can use ~1033 - 1036 operations as a rough estimate. As we gain more experience with virtual reality, we will get a better grasp of the computational requirements for making such worlds appear realistic to their visitors. But in any case, even if our estimate is off by several orders of magnitude, this does not matter much for our argument. We noted that a rough approximation of the computational power of a planetary-mass computer is 1042 operations per second, and that assumes only already known nanotechnological designs, which are probably far from optimal. A single such a computer could simulate the entire mental history of humankind (call this an ancestor-simulation) by using less than one millionth of its processing power for one second. A posthuman civilization may eventually build an astronomical number of such computers. We can conclude that the computing power available to a posthuman civilization is sufficient to run a huge number of ancestor-simulations even it allocates only a minute fraction of its resources to that purpose. We can draw this conclusion even while leaving a substantial margin of error in all our estimates.

Posthuman civilizations would have enough computing power to run hugely many ancestor-simulations even while using only a tiny fraction of their resources for that purpose.

IV. THE CORE OF THE SIMULATION ARGUMENT

The basic idea of this paper can be expressed roughly as follows: If there were a substantial chance that our civilization will ever get to the posthuman stage and run many ancestor-simulations, then how come you are not living in such a simulation?

We shall develop this idea into a rigorous argument. Let us introduce the following notation:

: Fraction of all human-level technologicalcivilizations that survive to reach a posthuman stage

: Average number of ancestor-simulations run by aposthuman civilization

: Average number of individuals that have livedin a civilization before it reaches a posthuman stage

The actual fraction of all observers with human-type experiences that live in simulations is then

Writing for the fraction of posthumancivilizations that are interested in running ancestor-simulations(or that contain at least some individuals who are interested inthat and have sufficient resources to run a significant number ofsuch simulations), and for the average number ofancestor-simulations run by such interested civilizations, wehave

and thus:

(*)

Because of the immense computing power of posthuman civilizations, is extremely large, as we saw inthe previous section. By inspecting (*) we can then see that at least one of the following three propositions must be true:

(1)

(2)

(3)

We can take a further step and conclude that conditional on the truth of (3), ones credence in the hypothesis that one is in a simulation should be close to unity. More generally, if we knew that a fraction x of all observers with human-type experiences live in simulations, and we dont have any information that indicate that our own particular experiences are any more or less likely than other human-type experiences to have been implemented in vivo rather than in machina, then our credence that we are in a simulation should equal x:

(#)

This step is sanctioned by a very weak indifference principle. Let us distinguish two cases. The first case, which is the easiest, is where all the minds in question are like your own in the sense that they are exactly qualitatively identical to yours: they have exactly the same information and the same experiences that you have. The second case is where the minds are like each other only in the loose sense of being the sort of minds that are typical of human creatures, but they are qualitatively distinct from one another and each has a distinct set of experiences. I maintain that even in the latter case, where the minds are qualitatively different, the simulation argument still works, provided that you have no information that bears on the question of which of the various minds are simulated and which are implemented biologically.

A detailed defense of a stronger principle, which implies the above stance for both cases as trivial special instances, has been given in the literature. Space does not permit a recapitulation of that defense here, but we can bring out one of the underlying intuitions by bringing to our attention to an analogous situation of a more familiar kind. Suppose that x% of the population has a certain genetic sequence S within the part of their DNA commonly designated as junk DNA. Suppose, further, that there are no manifestations of S (short of what would turn up in a gene assay) and that there are no known correlations between having S and any observable characteristic. Then, quite clearly, unless you have had your DNA sequenced, it is rational to assign a credence of x% to the hypothesis that you have S. And this is so quite irrespective of the fact that the people who have S have qualitatively different minds and experiences from the people who dont have S. (They are different simply because all humans have different experiences from one another, not because of any known link between S and what kind of experiences one has.)

The same reasoning holds if S is not the property of having a certain genetic sequence but instead the property of being in a simulation, assuming only that we have no information that enables us to predict any differences between the experiences of simulated minds and those of the original biological minds.

It should be stressed that the bland indifference principle expressed by (#) prescribes indifference only between hypotheses about which observer you are, when you have no information about which of these observers you are. It does not in general prescribe indifference between hypotheses when you lack specific information about which of the hypotheses is true. In contrast to Laplacean and other more ambitious principles of indifference, it is therefore immune to Bertrands paradox and similar predicaments that tend to plague indifference principles of unrestricted scope.

Readers familiar with the Doomsday argument may worry that the bland principle of indifference invoked here is the same assumption that is responsible for getting the Doomsday argument off the ground, and that the counterintuitiveness of some of the implications of the latter incriminates or casts doubt on the validity of the former. This is not so. The Doomsday argument rests on a much stronger and more controversial premiss, namely that one should reason as if one were a random sample from the set of all people who will ever have lived (past, present, and future) even though we know that we are living in the early twenty-first century rather than at some point in the distant past or the future. The bland indifference principle, by contrast, applies only to cases where we have no information about which group of people we belong to.

If betting odds provide some guidance to rational belief, it may also be worth to ponder that if everybody were to place a bet on whether they are in a simulation or not, then if people use the bland principle of indifference, and consequently place their money on being in a simulation if they know that thats where almost all people are, then almost everyone will win their bets. If they bet on not being in a simulation, then almost everyone will lose. It seems better that the bland indifference principle be heeded.

Further, one can consider a sequence of possible situations in which an increasing fraction of all people live in simulations: 98%, 99%, 99.9%, 99.9999%, and so on. As one approaches the limiting case in which everybody is in a simulation (from which one can deductively infer that one is in a simulation oneself), it is plausible to require that the credence one assigns to being in a simulation gradually approach the limiting case of complete certainty in a matching manner.

VI. INTERPRETATION

The possibility represented by proposition (1) is fairly straightforward. If (1) is true, then humankind will almost certainly fail to reach a posthuman level; for virtually no species at our level of development become posthuman, and it is hard to see any justification for thinking that our own species will be especially privileged or protected from future disasters. Conditional on (1), therefore, we must give a high credence to DOOM, the hypothesis that humankind will go extinct before reaching a posthuman level:

One can imagine hypothetical situations were we have such evidence as would trump knowledge of . For example, if we discovered that we wereabout to be hit by a giant meteor, this might suggest that we hadbeen exceptionally unlucky. We could then assign a credence to DOOM larger than ourexpectation of the fraction of human-level civilizations that failto reach posthumanity. In the actual case, however, we seem to lackevidence for thinking that we are special in this regard, forbetter or worse.

Proposition (1) doesnt by itself imply that we are likely to go extinct soon, only that we are unlikely to reach a posthuman stage. This possibility is compatible with us remaining at, or somewhat above, our current level of technological development for a long time before going extinct. Another way for (1) to be true is if it is likely that technological civilization will collapse. Primitive human societies might then remain on Earth indefinitely.

There are many ways in which humanity could become extinct before reaching posthumanity. Perhaps the most natural interpretation of (1) is that we are likely to go extinct as a result of the development of some powerful but dangerous technology. One candidate is molecular nanotechnology, which in its mature stage would enable the construction of self-replicating nanobots capable of feeding on dirt and organic matter a kind of mechanical bacteria. Such nanobots, designed for malicious ends, could cause the extinction of all life on our planet.

The second alternative in the simulation arguments conclusion is that the fraction of posthuman civilizations that are interested in running ancestor-simulation is negligibly small. In order for (2) to be true, there must be a strong convergence among the courses of advanced civilizations. If the number of ancestor-simulations created by the interested civilizations is extremely large, the rarity of such civilizations must be correspondingly extreme. Virtually no posthuman civilizations decide to use their resources to run large numbers of ancestor-simulations. Furthermore, virtually all posthuman civilizations lack individuals who have sufficient resources and interest to run ancestor-simulations; or else they have reliably enforced laws that prevent such individuals from acting on their desires.

What force could bring about such convergence? One can speculate that advanced civilizations all develop along a trajectory that leads to the recognition of an ethical prohibition against running ancestor-simulations because of the suffering that is inflicted on the inhabitants of the simulation. However, from our present point of view, it is not clear that creating a human race is immoral. On the contrary, we tend to view the existence of our race as constituting a great ethical value. Moreover, convergence on an ethical view of the immorality of running ancestor-simulations is not enough: it must be combined with convergence on a civilization-wide social structure that enables activities considered immoral to be effectively banned.

Another possible convergence point is that almost all individual posthumans in virtually all posthuman civilizations develop in a direction where they lose their desires to run ancestor-simulations. This would require significant changes to the motivations driving their human predecessors, for there are certainly many humans who would like to run ancestor-simulations if they could afford to do so. But perhaps many of our human desires will be regarded as silly by anyone who becomes a posthuman. Maybe the scientific value of ancestor-simulations to a posthuman civilization is negligible (which is not too implausible given its unfathomable intellectual superiority), and maybe posthumans regard recreational activities as merely a very inefficient way of getting pleasure which can be obtained much more cheaply by direct stimulation of the brains reward centers. One conclusion that follows from (2) is that posthuman societies will be very different from human societies: they will not contain relatively wealthy independent agents who have the full gamut of human-like desires and are free to act on them.

The possibility expressed by alternative (3) is the conceptually most intriguing one. If we are living in a simulation, then the cosmos that we are observing is just a tiny piece of the totality of physical existence. The physics in the universe where the computer is situated that is running the simulation may or may not resemble the physics of the world that we observe. While the world we see is in some sense real, it is not located at the fundamental level of reality.

It may be possible for simulated civilizations to become posthuman. They may then run their own ancestor-simulations on powerful computers they build in their simulated universe. Such computers would be virtual machines, a familiar concept in computer science. (Java script web-applets, for instance, run on a virtual machine a simulated computer inside your desktop.) Virtual machines can be stacked: its possible to simulate a machine simulating another machine, and so on, in arbitrarily many steps of iteration. If we do go on to create our own ancestor-simulations, this would be strong evidence against (1) and (2), and we would therefore have to conclude that we live in a simulation. Moreover, we would have to suspect that the posthumans running our simulation are themselves simulated beings; and their creators, in turn, may also be simulated beings.

Reality may thus contain many levels. Even if it is necessary for the hierarchy to bottom out at some stage the metaphysical status of this claim is somewhat obscure there may be room for a large number of levels of reality, and the number could be increasing over time. (One consideration that counts against the multi-level hypothesis is that the computational cost for the basement-level simulators would be very great. Simulating even a single posthuman civilization might be prohibitively expensive. If so, then we should expect our simulation to be terminated when we are about to become posthuman.)

Although all the elements of such a system can be naturalistic, even physical, it is possible to draw some loose analogies with religious conceptions of the world. In some ways, the posthumans running a simulation are like gods in relation to the people inhabiting the simulation: the posthumans created the world we see; they are of superior intelligence; they are omnipotent in the sense that they can interfere in the workings of our world even in ways that violate its physical laws; and they are omniscient in the sense that they can monitor everything that happens. However, all the demigods except those at the fundamental level of reality are subject to sanctions by the more powerful gods living at lower levels.

Further rumination on these themes could climax in a naturalistic theogony that would study the structure of this hierarchy, and the constraints imposed on its inhabitants by the possibility that their actions on their own level may affect the treatment they receive from dwellers of deeper levels. For example, if nobody can be sure that they are at the basement-level, then everybody would have to consider the possibility that their actions will be rewarded or punished, based perhaps on moral criteria, by their simulators. An afterlife would be a real possibility. Because of this fundamental uncertainty, even the basement civilization may have a reason to behave ethically. The fact that it has such a reason for moral behavior would of course add to everybody elses reason for behaving morally, and so on, in truly virtuous circle. One might get a kind of universal ethical imperative, which it would be in everybodys self-interest to obey, as it were from nowhere.

In addition to ancestor-simulations, one may also consider the possibility of more selective simulations that include only a small group of humans or a single individual. The rest of humanity would then be zombies or shadow-people humans simulated only at a level sufficient for the fully simulated people not to notice anything suspicious. It is not clear how much cheaper shadow-people would be to simulate than real people. It is not even obvious that it is possible for an entity to behave indistinguishably from a real human and yet lack conscious experience. Even if there are such selective simulations, you should not think that you are in one of them unless you think they are much more numerous than complete simulations. There would have to be about 100 billion times as many me-simulations (simulations of the life of only a single mind) as there are ancestor-simulations in order for most simulated persons to be in me-simulations.

There is also the possibility of simulators abridging certain parts of the mental lives of simulated beings and giving them false memories of the sort of experiences that they would typically have had during the omitted interval. If so, one can consider the following (farfetched) solution to the problem of evil: that there is no suffering in the world and all memories of suffering are illusions. Of course, this hypothesis can be seriously entertained only at those times when you are not currently suffering.

Supposing we live in a simulation, what are the implications for us humans? The foregoing remarks notwithstanding, the implications are not all that radical. Our best guide to how our posthuman creators have chosen to set up our world is the standard empirical study of the universe we see. The revisions to most parts of our belief networks would be rather slight and subtle in proportion to our lack of confidence in our ability to understand the ways of posthumans. Properly understood, therefore, the truth of (3) should have no tendency to make us go crazy or to prevent us from going about our business and making plans and predictions for tomorrow. The chief empirical importance of (3) at the current time seems to lie in its role in the tripartite conclusion established above. We may hope that (3) is true since that would decrease the probability of (1), although if computational constraints make it likely that simulators would terminate a simulation before it reaches a posthuman level, then out best hope would be that (2) is true.

If we learn more about posthuman motivations and resource constraints, maybe as a result of developing towards becoming posthumans ourselves, then the hypothesis that we are simulated will come to have a much richer set of empirical implications.

VII. CONCLUSION

A technologically mature posthuman civilization would have enormous computing power. Based on this empirical fact, the simulation argument shows that at least one of the following propositions is true: (1) The fraction of human-level civilizations that reach a posthuman stage is very close to zero; (2) The fraction of posthuman civilizations that are interested in running ancestor-simulations is very close to zero; (3) The fraction of all people with our kind of experiences that are living in a simulation is very close to one.

If (1) is true, then we will almost certainly go extinct before reaching posthumanity. If (2) is true, then there must be a strong convergence among the courses of advanced civilizations so that virtually none contains any relatively wealthy individuals who desire to run ancestor-simulations and are free to do so. If (3) is true, then we almost certainly live in a simulation. In the dark forest of our current ignorance, it seems sensible to apportion ones credence roughly evenly between (1), (2), and (3).

Unless we are now living in a simulation, our descendants will almost certainly never run an ancestor-simulation.

Im grateful to many people for comments, and especially to Amara Angelica, Robert Bradbury, Milan Cirkovic, Robin Hanson, Hal Finney, Robert A. Freitas Jr., John Leslie, Mitch Porter, Keith DeRose, Mike Treder, Mark Walker, Eliezer Yudkowsky, and several anonymous referees.

[Nick Bostrom's academic homepage: http://www.nickbostrom.com] [More on the simulation argument: http://www.simulation-argument.com]

Continued here:

Are You Living in a Simulation?