U-M obesity experts available to comment on complexity of overcoming national epidemic – University of Michigan News

EXPERTS ADVISORY

A national dialogue about fat shaming and other aspects of obesity has been touched off in recent days by late-night television host James Corden, and his response to comments by fellow television host Bill Maher.

Corden, who openly discussed his own struggle with being overweight, referenced research from a University of Michigan team in a monologue that has gone viral on social media.

In addition to the researchers behind that study, many other U-M scientists, health care researchers and clinicians work to understand the risk factors that contribute to obesity, the roots of weight issues at the molecular and genetic level, and the outcomes from weight-loss strategies ranging from exercise to bariatric surgery.

These experts are available to comment to media:

Kim Eagle

Kim Eagle, M.D. A cardiologist and co-director of the U-M Frankel Cardiovascular Center, co-led the 2016 study that Corden mentioned on his show. Using data from Massachusetts, it found that childhood obesity rates were highest among public schoolchildren living in the poorest areas, and that racial and ethnic differences in childhood obesity rates went away when family income was factored in (more information).

Eagle also leads Project Healthy Schools, a partnership between Michigan Medicine and community organizations aimed at reducing childhood obesity through in-school action.

Contact: Michigan Medicine Department of Communication, 734-764-2220

Martin Myers

Martin Myers Jr., M.D., Ph.D. Cordens monologue also referenced the importance of leptin, a hormone involved in metabolism and obesity. Leptin is the focus of work by Myers, a Medical School professor who is the director of MDiabetes, which brings together members of the U-M research community who study metabolism and diabetes.

His research focuses on the processes that enable the body to respond normally to insulin, and how problems in these pathways contribute to the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. His laboratory specifically concentrates on the crucial role played by nerve centers in the unconscious part of the brainwhat Myers calls glycemic control centersthat regulate the bodys ability to respond to insulin.

Contact: Michigan Medicine Department of Communication, 734-764-2220

Katherine Bauer

Katherine Bauer, Ph.D., M.S., assistant professor of nutritional sciences at the School of Public Health, is an epidemiologist whose research focuses on how social factors such as families and schools influence childrens nutrition and growth. Her work has specifically focused on the harms of family weight talk and teasing, and she is currently studying how blame directed at parents of children of higher weight impacts families.

Contact: kwbauer@umich.edu

Kendrin Sonneville

Kendrin Sonneville, assistant professor of nutritional sciences at the School of Public Health, is a registered dietitian, behavioral scientist and public health researcher whose research focuses on the prevention of eating disorders among children, adolescents and young adults. She uses a weight-inclusive framework to study how to promote health and well-being without inadvertently increasing body dissatisfaction, disordered eating and weight stigma.

Weight stigma and fat-shaming are pervasive across society, including within health care settings, Sonneville said. Weight stigma harms people with larger bodies and should not be used as a health promotion tool.

Contact: 734-763-8789, kendrins@umich.edu

Randy Seely

Randy Seeley, Ph.D., director of the Michigan Nutrition Obesity Research Center, oversees an effort to bring together U-M researchers focused on prevention and treatment of obesity at all levels. It is one of only 12 obesity research centers funded by the National Institutes of Health. Seeleys own work at the Medical School focuses on understanding the way the metabolism changes after bariatric surgery.

Contact: Michigan Medicine Department of Communication, 734-764-2220

Ling Qi

Ling Qi, Ph.D. The complicated relationship between obesity, metabolism and the immune system is the specialty for Qi, a professor of physiology at the Medical School. Qis team recently used a discovery about this relationship to spur mice to produce more insulin (more information).

Contact: Michigan Medicine Department of Communication, 734-764-2220

Amir Ghaferi

Amir Ghaferi, M.D., M.S. is a bariatric surgeon and health care researcher at Michigan Medicine and VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System. He directs the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative, which pools data from obesity-related surgery programs at 42 Michigan hospitals to fuel improvements in care, research and evidence-based decision tools to help people with obesity decide if bariatric surgery is the best option for them.

Contact: Michigan Medicine Department of Communication, 734-764-2220

Huda Akil

Huda Akil, Ph.D., a neuroscientist who co-directs the Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, recently published findings about the roots of overeating deep in the brain. She and her colleagues discovery, made in mice, shows that the brain has molecules that act as both brakes and a gas pedal to govern eating, and explored how the two interact (more information).

Contact: Michigan Medicine Department of Communication, 734-764-2220

Roger Cone

Roger Cone, Ph.D. is director of the U-M Life Sciences Institute and vice provost and director of the U-M Biosciences Initiative. He is an obesity researcher who studies how the brain controls body weight and regulates energy balance. His lab has identified how two key receptors in the brain affect energy balanceand the receptors central roles in disease cachexia, anorexia nervosa and the most common cause of syndromic obesity in humans. His labs findings have served as the basis for developing setmelanotide, a new drug to treat syndromic obesity.

Contact: U-M Life Sciences Institute Communications, 734-615-6228

Continued here:

U-M obesity experts available to comment on complexity of overcoming national epidemic - University of Michigan News

Bioinformatics Services Market Development Analysis 2017-2025 – Rapid News Network

Perpetual expansion of application areas of biotechnology in the fields, such as, disease diagnosis and forensic research is attracting the attention of health care professionals. Bioinformatics is used for management, storage, and standardization of information obtained from research and development in biotechnology, life sciences, and biopharmaceutical industries. The global bioinformatics services market has experienced tremendous growth in the past decade due to factors such as advancement in technology, expanding application of information technology in health care, and increasing demand for data management tools in life sciences and biotechnology research sectors. Major factors influencing the growth of this market are increasing research and development activities in the field of biotechnology, drug discovery, and biopharmaceuticals. In addition, increase in government initiatives also boosts the growth of the biotechnology market globally. Bioinformatics is widely used in research and development in the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries. Research and development activities involve significant investments and thus, small and medium-sized companies face difficulties in investing on analytical software. In order to reduce the cost of research and development process, manufacturers are focusing on development of web-based software solutions, wherein researchers need to make marginal investment in analytical software. In addition, web-based analytical software does not require large storage or data handling capacity. Thus, owing to the mentioned factors, demand for web-based analytical software is expected to rise in the near future. Therefore, web-based offerings in bioinformatics show potential growth opportunities for players operating in this market. Bioinformatics techniques demand skilled manpower to derive accurate results. Installation and upgrade to sophisticated tools or platforms in clinical laboratories demand for high investment in training of the staff so that they can efficiently use the systems. Lack of skilled personnel is a key factor restricting the adoption of sophisticated and high-end biotechnology processes.

The global bioinformatics services market can be segmented based on service type, application, end-user, and region. In terms of service type, the bioinformatics services market can be categorized into sequencing services, database and management services, data analysis services, and other services. Bioinformatics has eased the process of data analysis with various technological applications. Manufacturers are offering various services in order to overcome the shortage of skilled personnel in using bioinformatics tools and platforms. Data analysis is one of the vital operations performed by the bioinformatics service industry. High-end tools, such as, microarrays have been introduced to cater to the rising demand for customized data analysis. In terms of application, the bioinformatics services market can be classified into preventive medicine, molecular medicine, gene therapy, drug development, and others. Based on end-user, the bioinformatics services market can be segmented into academic and research institutes, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, hospitals and clinics, and others.

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In terms of region, the global bioinformatics services market can be divided into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. North America is projected to continue its dominance in the global bioinformatics services market owing significant R&D expenditure, greater acceptance of technology advancements, and increase in investments for technological innovations in bioinformatics. Rise in drug discovery and development, coupled with increase in government initiatives toward funding of small and start-up companies in the biotechnology and life sciences industry, is a major factor expected to drive the bioinformatics services market in North America during the forecast period. The bioinformatics services market in major countries of Asia Pacific, such as India and China, is expected to grow rapidly during the forecast period. Government initiatives to boost the biotechnology sector is a prime driver of the bioinformatics services market in the region. Moreover, availability of skilled and qualified manpower at low cost, government support in setting up of manufacturing units, strategic acquisitions of local players, and currency difference benefits are expected to attract global bioinformatics manufacturers to Asia Pacific.

Key players operating in the global bioinformatics services market are Agilent Technologies, IBM Life Sciences, Qiagen N.V., Illumina Inc., Eurofins Scientific, Bruker Daltonics Inc., Perkinelmer Inc., Accelrys Inc., Life Technologies Corporation, and CD Genomics.

The report offers a comprehensive evaluation of the market. It does so via in-depth qualitative insights, historical data, and verifiable projections about market size. The projections featured in the report have been derived using proven research methodologies and assumptions. By doing so, the research report serves as a repository of analysis and information for every facet of the market, including but not limited to: Regional markets, technology, types, and applications.

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The study is a source of reliable data on: Market segments and sub-segments Market trends and dynamics Supply and demand Market size Current trends/opportunities/challenges Competitive landscape Technological breakthroughs Value chain and stakeholder analysis

The regional analysis covers: North America (U.S. and Canada) Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Chile, and others) Western Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Spain, Italy, Nordic countries, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg) Eastern Europe (Poland and Russia) Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand) Middle East and Africa (GCC, Southern Africa, and North Africa)

The report has been compiled through extensive primary research (through interviews, surveys, and observations of seasoned analysts) and secondary research (which entails reputable paid sources, trade journals, and industry body databases). The report also features a complete qualitative and quantitative assessment by analyzing data gathered from industry analysts and market participants across key points in the industrys value chain.

A separate analysis of prevailing trends in the parent market, macro- and micro-economic indicators, and regulations and mandates is included under the purview of the study. By doing so, the report projects the attractiveness of each major segment over the forecast period.

Highlights of the report: A complete backdrop analysis, which includes an assessment of the parent market Important changes in market dynamics Market segmentation up to the second or third level Historical, current, and projected size of the market from the standpoint of both value and volume Reporting and evaluation of recent industry developments Market shares and strategies of key players Emerging niche segments and regional markets An objective assessment of the trajectory of the market Recommendations to companies for strengthening their foothold in the market

Note:Although care has been taken to maintain the highest levels of accuracy in TMRs reports, recent market/vendor-specific changes may take time to reflect in the analysis.

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Bioinformatics Services Market Development Analysis 2017-2025 - Rapid News Network

Global trends in antimicrobial resistance in animals in low- and middle-income countries – Science Magazine

Livestock antibiotic resistance

Most antibiotic use is for livestock, and it is growing with the increase in global demand for meat. It is unclear what the increase in demand for antibiotics means for the occurrence of drug resistance in animals and risk to humans. Van Boeckel et al. describe the global burden of antimicrobial resistance in animals on the basis of systematic reviews over the past 20 years (see the Perspective by Moore). There is a clear increase in the number of resistant bacterial strains occurring in chickens and pigs. The current study provides a much-needed baseline model for low- and middle-income countries and provides a one health perspective to which future data can be added.

Science, this issue p. eaaw1944; see also p. 1251

The global scale-up in demand for animal protein is the most notable dietary trend of our time. Since 2000, meat production has plateaued in high-income countries but has grown by 68%, 64%, and 40% in Asia, Africa, and South America, respectively. The transition to high-protein diets in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been facilitated by the global expansion of intensive animal production systems in which antimicrobials are used routinely to maintain health and productivity. Globally, 73% of all antimicrobials sold on Earth are used in animals raised for food. A growing body of evidence has linked this practice with the rise of antimicrobial-resistant infections, not just in animals but also in humans. Beyond potentially serious consequences for public health, the reliance on antimicrobials to meet demand for animal protein is a likely threat to the sustainability of the livestock industry, and thus to the livelihood of farmers around the world.

In LMICs, trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animals are poorly documented. In the absence of systematic surveillance systems, point prevalence surveys represent a largely untapped source of information to map trends in AMR in animals. We use geospatial models to produce global maps of AMR in LMICs and give policy-makersor a future international panela baseline for monitoring AMR levels in animals and target interventions in the regions most affected by the rise of resistance.

We identified 901 point prevalence surveys from LMICs reporting AMR rates in animals for common indicator pathogens: Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., nontyphoidal Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. From 2000 to 2018, the proportion of antimicrobial compounds with resistance higher than 50% (P50) increased from 0.15 to 0.41 in chickens and from 0.13 to 0.34 in pigs and plateaued between 0.12 and 0.23 in cattle. Global maps of AMR (available at resistancebank.org) show hotspots of resistance in northeastern India, northeastern China, northern Pakistan, Iran, eastern Turkey, the south coast of Brazil, Egypt, the Red River delta in Vietnam, and the areas surrounding Mexico City and Johannesburg. Areas where resistance is just starting to emerge are Kenya, Morocco, Uruguay, southern Brazil, central India, and southern China. Uncertainty in our predictions was greatest in the Andes, the Amazon region, West and Central Africa, the Tibetan plateau, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Dense geographical coverage of point prevalence surveys did not systematically correlate with the presence of hotspots of AMR, such as in Ethiopia, Thailand, Chhattisgarh (India), and Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). The highest resistance rates were observed with the most commonly used classes of antimicrobials in animal production: tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and penicillins.

The portfolio of antimicrobials used to raise animals for food is rapidly getting depleted, with important consequences for animal health, farmers livelihoods, and potentially for human health. Regions affected by the highest levels of AMR should take immediate actions to preserve the efficacy of antimicrobials that are essential in human medicine by restricting their use in animal production. In some middle-income countries, particularly in South America, surveillance must be scaled up to match that of low-income African countries that are currently outperforming them despite more limited resources. Policy-makers coordinating the international response to AMR may consider sparing African countries from the most aggressive measures to restrict access to veterinary drugs, which may undermine livestock-based economic development and rightfully be perceived as unfair. However, in regions where resistance is starting to emerge, there is a window of opportunity to limit the rise of resistance by encouraging a transition to sustainable animal farming practices. High-income countries, where antimicrobials have been used on farms since the 1950s, should support this transitionfor example, through a global fund to subsidize improvement in farm-level biosafety and biosecurity.

The main article presents a map of antimicrobial resistance in animals in low- and middle-income countries where sales of veterinary antimicrobials remain largely unregulated. In this image, broilers are seen roaming freely outside of a family-owned farm in Kitwe, Zambia. [Photo: S. Jetha]

The global scale-up in demand for animal protein is the most notable dietary trend of our time. Antimicrobial consumption in animals is threefold that of humans and has enabled large-scale animal protein production. The consequences for the development of antimicrobial resistance in animals have received comparatively less attention than in humans. We analyzed 901 point prevalence surveys of pathogens in developing countries to map resistance in animals. China and India represented the largest hotspots of resistance, with new hotspots emerging in Brazil and Kenya. From 2000 to 2018, the proportion of antimicrobials showing resistance above 50% increased from 0.15 to 0.41 in chickens and from 0.13 to 0.34 in pigs. Escalating resistance in animals is anticipated to have important consequences for animal health and, eventually, for human health.

Antimicrobials have saved millions of human lives, yet the majority (73%) are used in animals raised for food (1). The large and increasing use of antimicrobials in animals is both an enabler and a consequence of the global scale-up in demand for animal protein. Since 2000, meat production has plateaued in high-income countries but has grown by 68%, 64%, and 40% in Africa, Asia, and South America, respectively (2). The transition to high-protein diets in low- and middle-income countries (LIMCs) has been facilitated by the global expansion of intensive animal production systems, in which antimicrobials are used routinely to maintain health and productivity (3). A growing body of evidence has linked this practice with antimicrobial-resistant infections not just in animals but also, in some cases, in humans (46). Although the majority of emerging infectious disease events have been associated with drug-resistant pathogens of zoonotic origins (7), antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animals has received comparatively less attention than in humans.

In LMICs, trends in AMR in animals are poorly documented. Colombia is currently the only country that has publicly available surveillance data on AMR in animals (8). As in high-income countries, antimicrobials are used in LMICs to treat animals and as surrogates for good hygiene on farms. However, in LMICs, AMR levels could be exacerbated by lower biosecurity, less nutritious feed, and looser regulations on veterinary drugs (9). Conversely, in LMICs, AMR levels may also be reduced by less meat consumption and limited access to veterinary drugs in rural areas. Few studies have attempted to disentangle the effect of those factors and, thus far, expert opinion has prevailed over an evidence-based assessment of AMR in LMICs (10).

In 2017, The World Health Organization (WHO) called on its member states to reduce veterinary antimicrobial use (11, 12). Coordinating the global response to AMR requires epidemiological data to assess trends in AMR across regions. In human medicine, the WHOs Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) (13) has encouraged the adoption of a harmonized reporting framework, but there is no comparable framework for AMR in animals. Scandinavian countries have been at the forefront of monitoring AMR in animals, and Europe and the United States have adopted similar systems (14). However, in LMICs, similar surveillance systems are nascent at best, and building a globally harmonized surveillance system could take a long time. The challenge posed by AMR requires immediate action, and thus alternatives to systematic surveillance are needed to guide intervention based on the best evidence currently available.

In LMICs, point prevalence surveys are a largely untapped source of information with which to map trends in AMR in animals. Generating resistance maps from these surveys presents several challenges. First, surveys often differ in protocol, sample size, and the breakpoints used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Harmonizing these variations is a first step toward improving comparability. Second, because AMR affects many organisms, indicator organisms should be identified; the foodborne pathogens listed by the WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) are an ideal starting point (15). Third, because the problem of AMR affects many drug-pathogen combinations, it is difficult to communicate with policy-makers. Introducing composite metrics of resistance may help when summarizing global trends. Finally, the interpolation of epidemiological observations from data-rich regions to data-poor regions is inherently uncertain and could be improved using factors associated with AMR.

Species distribution modeling can identify such associations for predictive mapping, and the development of ensemble geospatial modeling (16) has helped to improve their accuracy.

In this study, we address these challenges to mapping AMR in animals in LMICs at 10-km resolution using point prevalence surveys of common foodborne pathogens. The maps summarize current knowledge and provide policymakers, or any future international panel (17), a baseline with which to monitor AMR levels in animals and to target interventions across regions.

We identified 901 point prevalence surveys reporting AMR rates in animals and food products in LMICs. Our analysis focused on resistance in Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., nontyphoidal Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The number of published surveys on resistance to these pathogens in LMICs increased from three in 2000 to 121 in 2018 and peaked at 156 per year in 2017. However, the number of surveys conducted during that period was uneven across regions (Fig. 1A): surveys from Asia (n = 509) exceeded the total for Africa and the Americas (n = 415). The number of surveys per country was not correlated with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (Fig. 1B).

(A) Publications by continent. (B) Publications per capita versus GDP per capita; each country is designated by International Organization for Standardization (ISO3) country code.

In LMICs, from 2000 to 2018, the proportion of antimicrobial compounds with resistance higher than 50% (P50) increased from 0.15 to 0.41 in chickens and from 0.13 to 0.34 in pigs and plateaued between 0.12 to 0.23 in cattle (Fig. 2). Those trends were inferred from the average yearly increase in P50 (1.5%/year for chickens and 1.3%/year for pigs), weighted by the number of studies published each year (supplementary materials).

Proportion of antimicrobial compounds with resistance higher than 50% (P50) is shown. Solid lines indicate statistically significant (5% level) increases of P50 over time; shading indicates the number of surveys per year relative to total number of surveys per species.

In LMICs, resistance levels showed considerable geographic variations (see Fig. 3A and fig. S1 for country-level indexes). Regional hotspots (P50 > 0.4) of multidrug resistance were predicted in south and northeast India, northeast China, north Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, the south coast of Brazil, Egypt, the Red River delta in Vietnam, and the areas surrounding Mexico City and Johannesburg. Low P50 values were predicted in the rest of Africa, Mongolia, and western China. On the basis of maps of animal densities (fig. S2), we estimate that across LMICs, 9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 5 to 12%] of cattle, 18% (95% CI, 11 to 23%) of pigs, and 21% (95% CI, 11 to 28%) of chickens were raised in hotspots of AMR in 2013. For chickens, the percentage of birds raised in hotspots of resistance in each country exceeded the global average in China [38% (95% CI, 24 to 46%)], Egypt [38% (95% CI, 22 to 55%)], and Turkey [72% (95% CI, 41 to 81%)]. We also identified regions where AMR is starting to emerge by subtracting P50 from P10 (the proportion of antimicrobial compounds with resistance higher than 10%; Fig. 3C). In Kenya, Morocco, Uruguay, southern and eastern Brazil, central India, Iran, Chile, and southern China, the difference between P10 and P50 was high (>0.5), indicating that these regions are emerging AMR hotspots. Conversely, established hotspots of AMR where the difference between P10 and P50 was low (<0.1) included northeastern China, West Bengal, and Turkey.

(A) P50, the proportion of antimicrobial compounds with resistance higher than 50%. (B) 95% confidence intervals on P50 (supplementary materials). (C) Difference in the proportion of antimicrobials with 10% resistance and 50% resistance. Red areas indicate new hotspots of resistance to multiple drugs; blue areas are established hotspots. Maps are available at resistancebank.org.

The accuracy of the P50 maps (Fig. 3B) reflects the density of surveys for a region as well as the ability to associate the geographic distribution of P50 with environmental covariates using geospatial models (supplementary materials). All geospatial models had limited accuracies (areas under the curve, 0.674 to 0.68), but all identified the travel time to cities of 50,000 people as the leading factor associated with the geographic distribution of P50. Minimum annual temperature and percentage of irrigated land were also positively associated with P50 but had less influence (table S1).

Uncertainty in the map of P50 was high (95% CI > 0.3) in the Andes, the Amazon region, West and Central Africa, the Tibetan plateau, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Dense geographical coverage of surveys (>4 point prevalence surveys/100,000 km2) did not systematically correlate with high P50 values (Ethiopia; Thailand; Chhattisgarh, India; and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil).

The highest resistance rates were observed in the most commonly used classes of antimicrobials in animal production (Fig. 4): tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and penicillins (1). Among antimicrobials considered critical to human medicine (18), the highest resistance rates were found for ciprofloxacin and erythromycin (20 to 60%) and moderate rates were found for third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (10 to 40%). Other critically important antimicrobials, such as linezolid and gentamicin, were associated with lower resistance rates (<20%). AMR trends in LMICs were in agreement with the trends reported in Europe and the United States (14, 19) for tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, but differences also exist for quinolones and aminoglycosides.

Shown are resistance rates and number of surveys (n) by region. Transparency levels reflect sample sizes for each animal-pathogen combination (for drug acronyms, see supplementary text, protocol S1).

In E. coli and Salmonella spp., quinolone resistance in LMICs (20 to 60%) was comparable with European levels [59.8 to 64% (14)], but gentamycin resistance was higher in LMICs (5 to 38%) than in Europe (2.4 to 8.9%). The reverse situation was observed when comparing LMICs and the United States, where quinolone resistance is low (2.4 to 4.6%) and gentamycin resistance higher [22.1% and 41.3% for Salmonella and E. coli, respectively (19)]. In LMICs, high resistance in third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins in E. coli was high (~40%). Resistance to carbapenems was low in all host species in LMICs, as previously reported in animals (20). Asia and the Americas currently have the highest rate of colistin resistance (~18 to 40%).

In Campylobacter spp., in LMICs, the highest resistance rates were found for tetracycline (60%) and quinolones (60%). Tetracycline resistance was also the highest among all animals in the United States [49.1 to 100% (19)], but lower for quinolones in chickens (20%). Resistance to erythromycin was moderate (<30%) in LMICs but higher than in high-income countries (0.3 to 22% in the United States and 0 to 21.6% in Europe), indicating that erythromycin resistance genes [e.g., erm(B)] could be spreading more commonly on mobile genetic elements in LMICs.

Finally, for S. aureus, resistance rates across all antimicrobials were higher in Asia than in other regions. The highest rates were found for penicillin (40 to 80%), erythromycin (20 to 60%), tetracycline (20 to 60%), and oxacillin (20 to 60%). For S. aureus, unlike other pathogens, resistance rates among antibiotics (except for penicillin) varied greatly by region. Comparisons with high-income countries are limited, as few European countries reported resistance in S. aureus in 2016, and susceptibility testing was typically restricted to methicillin-resistant S. aureus, which has considerable variation in prevalence [0% in Irish cattle and chickens to 40 to 87% in Danish pigs (14)].

In most high-income countries, AMR has been monitored in animals for over 10 years (14). Here, we used point prevalence surveys to conduct a global assessment of the trends in AMR in animals in LMICs. A singular challenge in the epidemiology of AMR is to synthetize a problem involving multiple pathogens and compounds across different regions. We therefore introduced a summary metric of resistance, P50, which reflects the ability of veterinarians to provide effective treatment solutions. On the basis of the evidence assembled, P50 increased in LMICs from 0.15 to 0.41 (+173%) in chickens and from 0.13 to 0.34 (+161%) in pigs and plateaued between 0.12 and 0.23 in cattle. Rapid increases in AMR in chickens and pigs are consistent with the intensification of livestock operations for these species compared with cattle (21). The main consequence of those trends is a depletion of the portfolio of treatment solutions for sick animals. This loss has economic consequences for farmers because affordable antimicrobials are used as first-line treatment (22), and this could eventually be reflected in higher food prices.

The number of surveys supporting this first assessment is limited (n = 901) and heterogeneous across countries (fig. S3A). However, it enables us to draw inferences on large-scale trends in AMR (Fig. 3A). Globally, the percentage of animals raised in hotspots of AMR was limited (<20%), with the notable exception of chicken production in upper- to middle-income countries such as Turkey (72%) and Egypt (38%). These countries are also the first- and third-largest per-capita consumers of antimicrobials in human medicine among LMICs (23).

The largest hotspots of AMR in animals were in Asia, which is home to 56% of the worlds pigs and 54% of the chickens. In Asia, targeted interventions such as legislative action and subsidies to improve farm hygiene could reduce the need for antimicrobials in animal production (1), thereby preserving important drugs for human medicine and the treatment of sick animals. We identified hotspots for the emergence of AMR including central India and Kenya, where resistance to multiple drugs has appeared but not yet reached 50% (Fig. 3C). In these regions, meat consumption is still low and animal production is gradually intensifying. Here, there may be a window of opportunity to contain AMR by imposing strict hygiene standards in newly built farms. This approach could reduce the risk of the spread of resistant pathogens such as mcr-1carrying E. coli (6) that have emerged in regions where intensive meat production has been facilitated by enormous quantities of veterinary antimicrobials (1).

In Africa, resistance maps reveal the absence of major AMR hotspots, except for the Johannesburg metropolitan area. This suggests, on the basis of the regions surveyed, that Africa probably bears proportionately less of the current global burden of AMR than high- and upper- to middle-income countries. Policy-makers coordinating an international response to AMR might therefore spare Africa from the most aggressive measures, which may undermine livestock-based economic development and rightfully be perceived as unfair.

In the Americas, where the number of surveys was limited (Fig. 3B), the observed low AMR levels could reflect either good farming practices (low antimicrobial use) or the absence of surveys conducted in the areas most affected by AMR. Considering that Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil are net meat exporters (2), it is of concern that little epidemiological surveillance of AMR is publicly available for these countries. Many low-income African countries have more point prevalence surveys per capita than middle-income countries in South America. Globally, the number of surveys per capita was not correlated with GDP per capita, suggesting that surveillance capacities are not solely driven by financial resources.

In this study, we stacked predictions from geospatial models to map P50 and P10 in LMICs. The moderate accuracy of these models reflects the challenge of associating the spatial distribution of AMR with environmental and socioeconomic factors (24). AMR in animals may be driven by factors known to influence antimicrobial use in humanssuch as cultural norms, the presence of drug manufacturers in the national market, or the density of health professionals (25)that could not be easily mapped from publicly available sources of information. The leading factor associated with the spatial distribution of P50 was the travel time to cities (26). Ease of access to providers of veterinary drugs may drive AMR, and hotspots appear to correspond to peri-urban environments where large farms supply affluent city dwellers. We also found a positive association between P50 and temperature. Evidence for a link with temperature in animals is less established than in humans (27), but it has been suggested that high temperature causes stress and conflicts in animals, thus increasing the risk of wounds that require preventive antimicrobial treatment (28). Finally, in Asia, 74% of P50 hotspots corresponded to areas previously identified for their projected increase in antimicrobial use (fig. S4). The relative influence of antimicrobial use on the spatial distribution of P50 was limited to 3.8% (table S1), but this association should be treated with caution given the scarcity of original data on antimicrobial use in LMICs (29).

We identified diverging patterns of resistance across combinations of pathogens and drugs. For S. aureus, geographic differences in AMR levels could be explained by sublineages carrying different SCCmec cassettes that are specific to certain regions (30). Of greater concern for public health is the presence of resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporinscritically important antimicrobials for human medicineon all continents. In addition, the high levels of colistin resistance found in Asia suggest that regional spread may have been driven by plasmid-mediated resistance (6), as well as by the widespread use of this cheap antimicrobial. The recent Chinese ban on colistin (31), if enforced, may improve the situation. However, globally, progress may be undermined by the large quantities of colistin still used, including in some high-income countries. For quinolones, in LMICs, E. coli and Campylobacter had resistance levels comparable with European levels but considerably higher than in the United States, where quinolones were banned in poultry in 2005. Conversely, for Salmonella and E. coli, LMICs had substantially higher resistance to gentamycin than in Europe, where this compound is banned for use in poultry and cattle (32). These findings suggest that regional restrictions on the use of specific compounds are associated with lower AMR rates.

The uncertainty associated with interpolation of resistance rates is captured with confidence interval maps (Fig. 3B). However, there are additional sources of uncertainty. First, insufficient geographic coverage may lead to inaccurate spatial predictions, and local variations in AMR may not reflect ground truth. In this study, we attenuate the risk of overfitting geospatial models to local outliers using spatial cross-validation. Second, temporal variation in AMR over the period 20002018 was not accounted for. As more surveys become available, spatiotemporal, model-based geostatistics approaches could help to overcome this limitation. Third, in slaughterhouse surveys, most did not perform molecular typing longitudinally throughout the different processing stages, which would have enabled us to assess potential cross-contamination. Although cross-contamination may generally affect AMR rates, in the absence of international benchmarking, it is unknown whether it could systematically bias our result in any single country. Finally, our analysis raises renewed concerns about the pace of increase of AMR in animals, but it is beyond the scope of this study to draw conclusions about the intensity and directionality of transfer of AMR between animals and humans, which should be further investigated using robust genomics methods (33).

Point prevalence surveys are imperfect surrogates for surveillance networks. However, in the absence of systematic surveillance, maps have been useful to guide interventions against other diseases of global importance, such as malaria (34). In human medicine, point prevalence surveys of AMR in hospitals have generated snapshots of AMR across regions (35).

This initial assessment outlines three global priorities for action. First, our maps show regions that are poorly surveyed and where intensified sampling efforts could be most valuable. Second, our findings clearly indicate that the highest levels of AMR in animals are currently found in China and India. These countries should take immediate actions to preserve antimicrobials that are essential in human medicine by restricting their use in animal production. Third, high-income countries, where antimicrobials have been used on farms since the 1950s, should support the transition to sustainable animal production in LMICsfor example, through a global fund to subsidize improvements in farm-level biosafety and biosecurity (36).

T. P. Van Boeckel, J. Pires, R. Silvester, C. Zhao, J. Song, N. G. Criscuolo, M. Gilbert, S. Bonhoeffer, R. Laxminarayan, R code for: Global trends in antimicrobial resistance in animals in low- and middle-income countries, Zenodo (2019). doi:10.5281/zenodo.3354324

A. Getis, J. K. Ord, The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics, in Perspectives on Spatial Data Analysis (Springer, 2010), pp. 127145.

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Global trends in antimicrobial resistance in animals in low- and middle-income countries - Science Magazine

Roger Ver plans to launch Bitcoin Cash derivatives platform – Yahoo Finance

Bitcoin Cash head honcho Roger Ver has revealed plans to launch a BCH derivatives market alongside the newly-launched Bitcoin.com exchange.

According to Bloomberg, who spoke to the exchanges chief executive David Shin, the launch of new financial products is a way of increasing the trading volume of Bitcoin Cash to make it comparable with Bitcoin itself.

Within a year, I want to make that the second- or third-largest market cap, Shin said.

To get from No. 4 to No. 3 or No. 2, we have to see more volume.

In terms of the exchange, there are currently plans to list BCH futures on a CFTC-regulated market to increase interest from institutional traders.

Well try to list a BCH future on one of these exchanges thats CFTC regulated to, therefore, have a product that can be traded into the US with institutional traders, Shin told Bloomberg.

In theory, we should see more penetration, more users, more trading, and more volume.

Coin Rivet reported on Bitcoin.coms exchange launch last week, with offerings of peer-to-peer local transactions and the ability to trade without going through KYC requirements.

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Roger Ver plans to launch Bitcoin Cash derivatives platform - Yahoo Finance

Cryptos Free Market Obeys Nobody, Not Even Roger Ver – Crypto Briefing

Say what you like about Roger Ver, but he certainly doesnt suffer from false modesty. The founder of Bitcoin.com recently took to YouTube with a series of short videos about his young life, early business forays, and eventual shift from evangelizing for Bitcoin to his now-favorite cryptocurrency, Bitcoin Cash.

The video series is an enlightening testament to free trade and an illustration of market principles, and we recommend it to anyone who wants to understand the role of Bitcoin in the cryptocurrency market. Especially Roger Ver.

Beginning the video series, Ver shares about his childhood inspiration and recognition of free market principles. He saw the problems of inflation in a rigged economy at an early age when his fifth grade teacher, presumably named Lindy, issued Lindy Land Dollars to motivate students to carry out tasks around the classroom.

A young Ver saw opportunities to take advantage of the flawed currency system, explaining that many students did not understand that the actual exchange rate from a Lindy Land dollar to USD was maybe 50 to 1.

Kids would bring in cookies or Rice Krispie treats and sell them for one Lindy Land dollar a bargain when compared to their value in USD. Ver laughingly explains how he bought up all the treats and cornered the market, after which he jacked up prices.

It was a fun learning experience, Ver says, until Lindy Land began suffering from hyperinflation. Despite recognizing the economic problem, Ver overlooked the fact that he himself was instrumental in monopolizing the market, taking advantage of naive classmates to make a quick buck.

You have to give Ver credit, though he certainly demonstrated an entrepreneurial spirit from an early age. In junior high, he made 20 or 30 dollars a week selling candy bars to classmates for profit after picking them up at Costco at bulk prices. For a junior high school kid, that was a lot of moneyVer says.

But business really took off when young Roger got into computer sales. Ver bought a mass order of hard drives on the cheap, knowing he could turn around and sell them at quadruple the price to other buyers. Selling the equipment on eBay, he made $4,000 in his first week. Thats when he realized he was on to something, dropped out of college, and started his computer parts ordering business.

Vers adage throughout his business career was to take a product from where theyre worth less and move them to where theyre worth more. He shares numerous examples of moving products from one market where they are cheap to another market where they are more expensive, including the sales of Beanie Babies and other miscellaneous goods.

I can buy them over here where theyre worth less and sell them over here where theyre worth more, Ver explains. He applied this profit-making principle to a wide variety of goods. Business was booming, until he tried the same sales strategy with firecrackers.

Ver experienced a devastating setback when he was arrested and imprisoned for the illegal sale of fireworks. It was a sad day letting go of his staff, Ver said. His mother helped keep the business running during his time in prison.

Not to be defeated, Ver got back to the grind, even managing to make a few business deals while in prison by making phone calls between buyers, sellers, and his mother. He learned of the many specialized jobs in the secret prison economy.

It was against the rules to trade, but the prisoners found ways to make it happen anyway.[I]f we werent able to trade with each other, Ver says, prison would have been much more difficult.

The prison economy helped Ver to see the function of money and why Bitcoin could work. When Bitcoin came along, I knew I knew people were gonna start using it as money, Ver says.

This is the part most viewers are waiting for. Ver digs into the flaws of Bitcoin (BTC) as opposed to Bitcoin Cash, saying that the notion of acting as a store of value without also being usable as cash is nonsense. He promotes Bitcoin Cash as being superior, as it genuinely meets the descriptor of peer-to-peer electronic cash, and is useful in commerce, he says.

Bitcoin Cash thus has greater utility and therefore more value as money, Ver says. Bitcoin needs to be fast, cheap and reliable, if we want people to use this as money and sadly my side of the argument lost out.

Congratulations, guys, Ver adds sarcastically, You made Bitcoin slow, expensive and unreliable in commerce.

This is where Ver arrives at a contradiction. Throughout the videos, Ver promotes the ideals and principles of free trade, without interference or control from outside forces. Yet, he is not willing to accept that the free market is already at work, in the fall of Bitcoin Cash and the rise of Bitcoin dominance.

The free market has plainly and unemotionally decided that it wants more Bitcoin and less Bitcoin Cash. No matter how much Ver insists that Bitcoin Cash is the superior solution, the free market has chosen otherwise.

source: CoinMarketCap

In the early stages of the Bitcoin Cash fork, markets struggled to decide on the superior technology, and prices indicated that many felt Bitcoin Cash might be the better option. At one point, BCH traded for thousands of dollars.

Over the course of time, however, it has become more clear that the market prefers Bitcoin (BTC) which is now trading steadily around $10,000 USD. Bitcoin Cash has lost the free market battle. And the free market is the only force that gets to decide.

Perhaps Ver is simply up to his old tricks, taking advantage of ignorant buyers with clever sales tactics. He brags repeatedly about past successes, in which he exploited irrational markets, and preyed on the ignorance of buyers to garner a profit. Is the Bitcoin Cash sales ploy any different?

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Cryptos Free Market Obeys Nobody, Not Even Roger Ver - Crypto Briefing

Roger Ver Wants To Pay You To Trade On His New Bitcoin.com Exchange – Benzinga

In a move resembling the plot from Brewsters Millions, Roger Ver is promoting his new digital asset exchange with an intriguing pitch: trading fees of negative 0.3%, for the first three months, up to a cumulative giveaway of $1 million.

In short, Bitcoin Jesus wants to pay you to trade.

The move is part of a host of promotional efforts designed to entice traders to move to exchange.Bitcoin.com, which sees Bitcoin.com further diversify from its core proposition as a BCH-focused news outlet, with a mobile bitcoin wallet, peer-to-peer trading and gaming already established.

The exchange will host trading pairs for popular cryptocurrencies including litecoin (LTC), ripple (XRP), tron (TRX), zcash (ZEC), stellar (XLM), DASH and EOS, with markets denominated in four base currencies: bitcoin cash (BCH), ethereum (ETH), bitcoin core (BTC), and tether (USDT).

Bitcoin.com has declared its intention to add support for selected SLP tokens in the near future, which are the Bitcoin Cash equivalent of Ethereums ERC20 standard. In terms of security, the exchange enforces the usual provisions: 2FA and IP whitelisting primarily.

Although the crypto community will view exchange.Bitcoin.com as Roger Vers baby, the man once known as Bitcoin Jesus is no longer the de facto boss, it should be noted. CEO Stefan Rust took over the reins last month, with Ver taking on the role of Executive Chairman. Aside from attracting BCH proponents, the exchange is likely to appeal to traders at least in the short-term who are lured by the negative trading fees, and the fact that the exchange is one of the few platforms that doesnt enforce KYC.

Danish Chaudhry, Managing Director of Bitcoin.com, outlined the strategy which, with the help of Roger Vers deep pockets, will attempt to buy customers from industry giants Coinbase and Binance. Chaudhry said: Bitcoin.com is one of the most trusted brands in the industry. Weve been on a mission to make crypto usable for all.

With 11,000 traders already signed up and registered, that mission appears to be gathering pace. Those who wish to take advantage of the promotion will need to join before December, when the offer is set to expire. Unlike Brewster, the negative trading fees promo is a cash giveaway that shouldnt bankrupt Ver any time soon.Image Sourced from Pixabay

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Roger Ver Wants To Pay You To Trade On His New Bitcoin.com Exchange - Benzinga

Roger Vers Next Big Step: Bitcoin.com Unveils Its Own Cryptocurrency Exchange – CryptoNewsZ

This year, the cryptocurrency exchanges landscape has matured significantly. Not only the number of exchanges have multiplied, but the quality and diversity of exchanges have also progressed, offering people an unprecedented number of venues to choose from.

With the growth of Coinbase, Binance and the glut of other platforms that have followed since, enterprising newcomers, have begun to introduce innovative features to differentiate themselves in key benchmarks.

Bitcoin.com, the leading crypto community that promotes news and lots of other information on Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash, unveils its new cryptocurrency exchange to the world. Launched today, the new Bitcoin exchange, addressed exchange.bitcoin.com, is offering a wide variety of promotional offers to attract traders to its platform. For three months from today, users who pre-registered are offered a 25% discount on all trading fees. With every transaction executed on the platform, the users also stand a chance to win over $10,000 in prizes. In addition, the pre-registered accounts have also been rewarded with negative 0.3 percent trading fees on every transaction for the upcoming three months. This implies that, unlike other exchanges, every time traders execute a transaction on the new Bitcoin.com exchange, theyll earn a certain percentage as an incentive.

Roger Ver aka Bitcoin Jesus, the man behind Bitcoin.com who later shifted to supporting Bitcoin Cash, has been subjected to strong criticism by the crypto community right before the launch of his new exchange. On Twitter, thousands of crypto enthusiasts and advocates expressed their lack of trust in this new exchange on Bitcoin.com. Some are even accusing Ver of scamming people and exploiting the influence of the platform to wash trade BCH.

In a tweet, the controversial Twitter account, @Bitcoin, compared Vers new exchange with MtGoxa failed Bitcoin exchange from Japan that declared bankruptcy in 2014. MtGox, which also at one point used to be the worlds largest crypto exchange, later was accused of a theft involving around 850,000 Bitcoins being stolen from its wallet.

However, Danish Chaudhry, MD of the new exchange seems to be hopeful about competing against the more established exchanges, like Coinbase and Binance. He said,

Crypto is all about accessibility to the financial system. And, Bitcoin.com is one of the most trusted brands in the industry. Weve had a great reception from the community already with over 11,000 pre-registers. Were on a mission to make crypto usable for all.

The Bitcoin.com exchange, as Chaudhry explains, will also offer robust security features, cold-storage options, institutional-grade encryption, as well as two-factor authentication.

Having evolved from another news website, Bitcoin.com launched its mobile wallet for BTC and BCH in August 2017, which claims to have had over 2 million downloads. In June of this year, the company launched its first peer-to-peer trading platform for BCH.

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Roger Vers Next Big Step: Bitcoin.com Unveils Its Own Cryptocurrency Exchange - CryptoNewsZ

Craig Wright enters settlement talks in $10 billion Bitcoin lawsuit – Yahoo Finance

Self-proclaimed bitcoin inventor Craig Wright is in settlement talks with the estate of Dave Kleiman, which is suing him in a bombshell $10 billion lawsuit.

Both the Kleiman estate and Wright have asked the judge for a 30-day extension of all case deadlines to facilitate their settlement talks, according to a September 17 filing in Florida federal court.

The parties have been engaged in extensive settlement negotiations and have reached a non-binding agreement in principle to settle this matter, according to the joint motion.

Both the Kleiman estate and Craig Wright underscored that reaching a final binding settlement agreement is in both of their best interests.

The ten billion-dollar lawsuit was first launched over a year ago when Ira Kleiman, Daves brother, sued the self-proclaimed inventor of Bitcoin for allegedly defrauding the Kleiman family of their rightful claim to 1.1 million bitcoins following Dave Kleimans death in April 2013. Those bitcoins are now worth more than $11 billion.

On August 27, Judge Bruce E. Reinhart recommended that 50 percent of Wrights Bitcoin holdings mined prior to December 31, 2013 be awarded to the estate of Wrights former business partner Dave Kleiman.

In his ruling, the judge slammed Wright, saying he had lied, committed perjury, and falsified documents to hide the bitcoin stash that he and Dave Kleiman had allegedly mined together.

UK court strikes down Craig Wrights Roger Ver defamation lawsuit

Three days after Reinharts ruling, Wright indicated that he planned to challenge it in court. It seems he might have had a change of heart.

This isnt surprising since both Judge Reinhart and federal district judge Beth Bloom (whos presiding over the lawsuit) said they found Wright not credible in a number of instances.

Wright has repeatedly claimed that he is Satoshi Nakamoto, the inventor of Bitcoin. Proponents of Wright, such as Calvin Ayre, used the lawsuit as evidence that he was part of the team that created Bitcoin.

Additionally, the Kleiman estate acknowledged in its lawsuit that Craig Wright and/or Dave Kleiman could be Satoshi and could have invented Bitcoin when they started working on it in 2008.

And according to records from the 2018 lawsuit: It is unclear whether Craig, Dave, and/or both created Bitcoin. It is undeniable, however, that Craig and Dave were involved in Bitcoin from its inception and that they both accumulated a vast wealth of bitcoins from 2009 through 2013.

But last month Judge Reinhart made no judgment to whether Craig Wright is Satoshi. And with settlement talks now in motion, he likely never will. The search for Satoshi continues.

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Craig Wright enters settlement talks in $10 billion Bitcoin lawsuit - Yahoo Finance

Liven Announces Strategic Partnership with Bitcoin.com – Bitcoin News

Liven, the lifestyle rewards app that lets users spend and earn cryptocurrency rewards in over 1,000 restaurants across Australia, is introducing Bitcoin Cash into the LivenPay ecosystem. Meanwhile, Livens native token, LVN, gets listed on ZB.com after a successful completion of its oversubscribed ZB UP Launch.

Up until now, diners using the Liven app at participating restaurants have been able to settle their bills with a single button tap, using major credit and debit cards, as well as the LivenPay cryptocurrency (LVN), earning rewards between 10% and 30% of their bill, paid in LVN. The LVN earned is the diners to keep, send to friends or, of course, spend at any other restaurants within the Liven network.

With support for LVN or old-fashioned fiat currency, and soon to be Bitcoin Cash, LivenPay aims to make the day-to-day use of cryptocurrencies both attractive and accessible to the everyday people, resulting in a global loyalty rewards program that will eventually support a plethora of cryptocurrencies.

With LivenPay as the on-ramp, we want to entice users and businesses around the world to enjoy the benefits of using frictionless, global cryptocurrency payments. With our future pipeline of cryptocurrency integrations, Bitcoin Cash is the next step to expanding cryptocurrency support and being truly blockchain and currency agnostic said CEO and Co-Founder William Wong.

LivenPays existing ecosystem makes it simple and straightforward to integrate new cryptocurrencies into its growing network of over 1,000 participating businesses and 500,000 tech-savvy consumers.

The integration of Bitcoin Cash is a logical and exciting step for LivenPay, given that their popular and current business model is going fully global in 2019. With the support of Bitcoin Cash, LivenPay will soon create a perfect entry-point for hundreds of thousands of people into the wider blockchain and digital currency ecosystem, said enthused cryptocurrency legend and Bitcoin.com Executive Chairman Roger Ver, who is also LivenPays official advisor.

Liven users will soon be able to pay for their meals with Bitcoin Cash through the Liven app.

The team soon hopes that paying with LivenPay will just be as ubiquitous around the world as taking an Uber, whether you are in Shanghai or St. Petersburg, as Wongs take-away comment surmises:

LivenPay enables people to grab a bite wherever in the world their feet may fall, whether it is a celebratory meal out or a burger joint for lunch. It also allows for the mass adoption of crypto from fiat, whether that be from Chinese Renminbis or Russian Rubles.

Website: https://livenpay.ioWhitepaper (English): https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/livenpay.io/LIVEN-WhitePaper(EN).pdf

Bitcoin.com is your premier source for everything Bitcoin-related. We can help you buy bitcoins and choose a bitcoin wallet. You can also read the latest news, or engage with the community on our Bitcoin Forum. Please keep in mind that this is a commercial website that lists wallets, exchanges and other Bitcoin-related companies.

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Liven Announces Strategic Partnership with Bitcoin.com - Bitcoin News

Thousands of Aussie restaurants will soon accept Bitcoin Cash – Micky News

Liven is a popular app that provides diners with special offers along with digital tokens as cash back style rewards that can be spent at other restaurants in the network.

Gelato Messina, 8Bit Burger, MoVida, Maha, Din Tai Fung, Gazi and Jimmy Grants are just a few of the well-known establishments in the Liven network wholl soon be accepting Bitcoin Cash and the Liven (LVN) token, along with standard credit card payments, through the app.

Bitcoin.coms Roger Ver who became an official Liven advisor back in January tweeted the announcement earlier this afternoon.

#BitcoinCash is about to become spendable at 1000s of real world restaurants across #Australia thanks to @livenpay who chose #BCH due to its massive user base and ease of use!

#LVN is listing today on http://ZB.com and http://exchange.bitcoin.com soon.

Unlike most rewards programs, you can earn LVN at one venue and spend it at thousands of others.

The company was founded in 2014 by William and Grace Wong alongside university friend David Ballerini.

It received venture capital funding in 2017.

Earlier this year it transformed its ICO into an ongoing token sale.

The future of cryptocurrencies depends on practical applications for real people and Liven is a prime example of this, said Ver when he came on board as an advisor.

I am excited by this opportunity to grow with them and demonstrate the power of cryptocurrencies to the wider world.

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Thousands of Aussie restaurants will soon accept Bitcoin Cash - Micky News

HTC partners with Bitcoin.com to support cryptocurrency smartphone Exodus 1 – VentureBeat

HTC and Bitcoin.com have teamed up on HTCs flagship Exodus 1 smartphone to drive cryptocurrency trading and usage.

The relationship is mutually beneficial. HTC hopes to differentiate its smartphone by making it simple for people to use the device for cryptocurrency trading. And HTC could drive more traffic to Bitcoin.com, adding to the more than 4 million people who use its cryptocurrency wallet for transactions.

Unveiled in May, HTCs Exodus 1 is the first phone to provide users Bitcoin Cash (BCH) support without first downloading a BCH wallet from an app store. Updating the software on their devices will give existing Exodus 1 users a preloaded Bitcoin.com wallet app.

Phil Chen, decentralized chief officer at HTC, said in a statement, The Exodus vision has always aligned itself toward public blockchains and its fundamental transformative nature of the future of money and the internet. The Zion Vault is happy to support BCH natively in hardware for security to go hand in hand with the BCH blockchain as an alternative to dominant payment rails and platforms.

For Bitcoin.com and HTC, this is just a first step. Future plans include rolling out special discounts to those paying for phones in BCH, as well as selling the Exodus phones at store.bitcoin.com.

There are so many synergies between Bitcoin.com and HTC. We are very excited to be on this incredible journey together, said Bitcoin.com CEO Stefan Rust in a statement.

Bitcoin.com executive chair Roger Ver added, Bitcoin.coms partnership with HTC will enable Bitcoin Cash to be used as peer-to-peer electronic cash for all the Exodus users around the world.

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HTC partners with Bitcoin.com to support cryptocurrency smartphone Exodus 1 - VentureBeat

Bitcoin Cash Futures Expected to Open up US Market by Q1 2020 – Bitcoin News

Futures contracts on bitcoin cash can be available at a CFTC-regulated exchange by the end of this year or the first quarter of 2020. This will allow institutional U.S. investors to trade on a derivative of the cryptocurrency and bring in more trading volume for BCH overall.

Also Read: HTC Adds Native Bitcoin Cash Support to Its Flagship Smartphone

Bitcoin.com is in discussions about listing a bitcoin cash (BCH) futures contract on a new exchange with approval from the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). David Shin, the head of the exchange business at Bitcoin.com, expects the new instrument can reach the market by the end of the year, or the first quarter of 2020, and that it will be cash-settled on day one.

The goal of having a BCH futures contract on a CFTC-regulated venue is to open up the U.S. market so that more institutional traders can gain exposure to the cryptocurrency and thus generate higher trading volumes in total. Additionally, there is interest from some retail brokers in offering trading on such a regulated instrument, and Shin is also in talks with them about the possibility.

We are in discussion with a US exchange that will shortly be CFTC approved to list a BCH futures contract to create greater demand for BCH and increase trading volumes, Bitcoin.com CEO Stefan Rust explains. There are two main reasons behind this. First, with BCH futures, institutions will be able to manage the exposure to market volatility better and therefore protect funds under management better, and hence allocate a larger portion of their funds to BCH. Second, with this product BCH is also accessing a new US financial services market through futures that is CFTC regulated. This is a massive market thats new to BCH. Both of these drive up volumes which in turn drives up demand for BCH which will lead to an increase in market value. This is largely driven by futures volumes in the US market increasing demand and ultimately the value.

The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME Group) does offer financially-settled BTC futures contracts for U.S. investors. However, by global comparison, American regulators have made it very difficult for investors to access the global cryptocurrency market with ETFs and the same is true for derivatives. For example, a number of companies have been working hard to launch regulated physically-delivered bitcoin futures contracts in the U.S., but their efforts have so far been hampered by the CFTC.

Last month the CEO of Ledgerx, Paul Chou, had to retract the news that his company went live with bitcoin futures for retail trading after it received regulatory approval for swaps. Ledgerx launched its institutional trading platform back in 2017 and has been waiting ever since for the specific CFTC approval for the instrument. He also complained that the regulators were not doing their job and threatened to sue the CFTC for anti-competitive behavior and breach of duty.

Another trading platform recently approved by the CFTC for physically-delivered bitcoin futures is TD Ameritrade-backed Erisx. However, the most anticipated venue to enter the market is Bakkt, the digital assets subsidiary of New York Stock Exchange parent,Intercontinental Exchange (NYSE: ICE).

Back in 2018 ICE announced that the Bakkt Bitcoin Daily Futures Contract would start trading on Dec. 12, 2018. This has not happened, and the launch date has been pushed back again and again. The reason for this according to media reports is the necessity of compliance with cumbersome CFTC demands. If nothing changes again, Bakkt is now expected to bring physical delivery futures contracts to market participants in more than 30 countries by the end of 2019.

Besides some of the biggest players in the traditional finance markets trying to enter the cryptocurrency derivatives business, we have also seen companies from the digital assets industry focus on filling the same niche. Among those crypto trading venues who started offering bitcoin cash derivatives to their traders we can list Bitmex, U.K. FCA-regulated Crypto Facilities, Hong Kong-based Coinflex and Huobi Derivative Market (Huobi DM). While these types of exchanges are a good option for experienced crypto traders to get into highly leveraged long and short positions on BCH, they dont have the global brand power of being CFTC-regulated, which will serve as a major seal of approval for the cryptocurrency in the eyes of timid investors once they launch bitcoin cash futures.

Bitcoin.com has already been successful in making BCH instruments more accessible to traditional investors around the world. Amun AG, a Swiss company facilitating access to crypto asset investments, announced in July that it had listed the first exchange traded product (ETP) tracking the performance of bitcoin cash on Switzerlands principal stock exchange. The Amun Bitcoin Cash ETP is a fully collateralized product that is denominated in U.S. dollars and has an annual investor fee of 2.5% that includes custody, insurance, and re-balancing fees. This crypto investment instrument was seeded with 25,000 BCH from Bitcoin.com Executive Chairman Roger Ver.

What do you think about the potential for CFTC-regulated bitcoin cash futures to open up the institutional U.S. market? Share your thoughts in the comments section below.

Images courtesy of Shutterstock.

Verify and track bitcoin cash transactions on our BCH Block Explorer, the best of its kind anywhere in the world. Also, keep up with your holdings, BCH and other coins, on our market charts at Bitcoin.com Markets, another original and free service from Bitcoin.com.

Avi Mizrahi is an economist and entrepreneur who has been covering Bitcoin as a journalist since 2013. He has spoken about the promise of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology at numerous financial conferences around the world, from London to Hong-Kong.

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Bitcoin Cash Futures Expected to Open up US Market by Q1 2020 - Bitcoin News

Bitcoin(dot)com Crypto Exchange Posts Dishonest Volumes – Bitcoinist

The Bitcoin(dot)com crypto exchange seems to be fibbing its real volumes. The market operator uses the Multiexchange.com service, thus sharing order books with several major markets.

In a tweet, Dan Hedl mentioned that Bitcoin(dot)com merged its orders with Bequant and HitBTC, thus presenting relatively high activity.

The merged order books are one of the ways that exchanges fail to report real-world trading activity. In the past year, new exchanges showed up with immense trading volumes, which were most probably generated by bots. Previous research has shown that faked activity is significant in some markets, making up as much as 90% of all trading. CoinMarketCap has therefore set out on a mission to make exchanges report realistic volumes and reveal order books.

The Bitcoin(dot)com exchange is a new arrival on the crypto scene, launching less than a week ago. The market completes the profile of the Bitcoin(dot)com brand, which also hosts a mining pool and a crypto wallet.

The exchange is also planning to launch a futures market and has opened a procedure with the US Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).

The Bitcoin.com brand has received something of a bad rap within the crypto space. The site and its wallets were launched by crypto evangelist Roger Ver. Known as the Bitcoin Jesus, Roger Ver then switched teams and started supporting BCH. He was accused of misleading behavior, for securing the Bitcoin.com brand and subtly switching the places of assets within the wallet.

The Bitcoin.com mining pool mines on both the BTC and BCH blockchains. But on the BTC network, the pool only discovers 0.69% of blocks. On the BCH network, the firm discovers between 6 and 8% of all blocks.

At this point, its unknown what effect trading on the newly launched exchange will have. It is not yet listed among other markets, and there are no clear statistics. With time, volumes may pick up.

The launch of the Bitcoin.com exchange, for now, fails to lift the market price of BCH. The coin performs with relative stability, trading at around $306.92. BCH is still unable to recover the $400 level from before November 2018, when the asset split and produced Bitcoin SV, another competing network.

What do you think about the Bitcoin.com exchange? Share your thoughts in the comments section below!

Images via Bitcoinist Image Library, Twitter: @danhedl, @BitcoinComExch

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Bitcoin(dot)com Crypto Exchange Posts Dishonest Volumes - Bitcoinist

PayPal Casts Doubt On Libra: Claims Facebook Crypto Still Needs Work – Blockonomi

Many in the crypto community were shocked in June when Facebook unveiled the firms backing Libra Visa, Mastercard, PayPal, Uber, Spotify, Coinbase, Xapo, and countless other pro-innovation companies and investors.

While the marketing material which showed the Libra emblem enclosed by the logos of the aforementioned companies made it seem like these partners are concretely part of Libra, there have been some doubts thrown around.

An executive of PayPal, who is effectively investing in a competitor by getting involved with Libra, recently came out to issue comments about the project, marking somewhat of a blow to the project amid already intense times for Libra.

According to a report from the AFP published this weekend, PayPal isnt 100% convinced Libra will become the money of the future.

The fintech giants investor relations vice president, Gabrielle Rabinovitch, asserted that should PayPal reconsider, their involvement in the Libra Association is technically a non-binding commitment.

Indeed, as reported by this outlet previously, the CEO of Visa said that what his firm signed with Libra is a non-binding letter of intent, meaning that no one has yet officially joined. Even the head of Facebooks blockchain ambitions, PayPal alumnus David Marcus, has admitted that Libra partners reserve the right to pull their support.

Rabinovitch, notably, didnt even hint that PayPal is looking to make a dash for the door. But, she asserted that there is a lot of work that needs to be completed before Libra is anything more than just a very exciting idea.

PayPal isnt the only Libra Association member to have cast some doubt on the cryptocurrency. Previously, the Financial Times reported that three of the Libra Associations members have been considering leaving the consortium. One of the executives of the skeptical firms said that Libra will put a strain on partners looking to maintain regulatory compliance.

Some firms might want out, but others want in, specifically firms native to the crypto industry.

The most notable of these Libra-curious firms is Gemini, the firm founded by Zuckerbergs rivals, the Winklevoss Twins. The brothers said in a CNN interview that they have an active line with Libras team, but are currently waiting on more information about the project before pulling the trigger.

Crypto infrastructure provider Bitcoin.com, previously led by Roger Ver, has also hinted at its interest in Libra. In a recent video published to the Bitcoin.com Youtube channel, Roger Ver said that his company has been in contact with Libra.

There has been also of some involvement in Libra by Asian-centric cryptocurrency firms, namely Japanese exchange CoinCheck and Taiwanese exchange MaiCoin.

Binance earlier this year said that it was also interested. However, the firm did a recent 180, launching its own stablecoin project the also-astrologically named Venus to compete with Libra.

All this comes at a very interesting turning point in Libras short but widely-covered lifespan. Last week, regulators in both France and Germany formally revealed moves to ban the development and launch of Libra in the European Union, echoing the line of U.S. politician Maxine Waters across the pond.

On Monday, representatives from the worlds central banks met in Switzerland to meet with Libra, presumably to discuss the potential monetary and criminal risks involved in the revolutionary cryptocurrency project.

Despite all this volatility internally and externally, key members in the whole Libra equation have still expressed their optimism. In recent interviews and event appearances, both the chief operating officer of Calibra

eToro Risk Warning: 75% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

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PayPal Casts Doubt On Libra: Claims Facebook Crypto Still Needs Work - Blockonomi

SIGEF2019 in Tokyo to Shape a Smarter Future – Yahoo Finance

NEW YORK, Sept. 13, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- The path to fostering a better future for all implies the search for urgent appropriate solutions to the greatest challenges that humanity has faced since the beginning of time: namely, social inclusion and sustainability. And that path inevitably goes through designing a smarter future for all.

This is the stance of SIGEF, a leading world forum on social innovation and global ethics, and the reason why "Together Shaping a Smarter Future" is the theme of its sixth edition. Its purpose is to promote private, public and citizen endeavors, in all areas of socio-economic activity, toward designing, developing and implementing smart environments, innovative solutions and devices that lead to that hopeful end.

The exploration and promotion of smart solutions has thus logically led Horyou, the Social Network for Social Good and Horyou Foundation organizers of SIGEF2019, to pick Tokyo, Japan, home of Smart-Tech if ever there was one, to be its venue.

In that respect, SIGEF2019 is set to tackle some of the most critical contemporary issues in plenary sessions dedicated to Artificial Intelligence, FinTech, Sustainable Lifestyle, Health Technologies, Smart Technology and Smart Cities, Sports for Good, Renewable Future Energy and Opening New Roads for Sustainability. Inspiring stakeholders, including world experts will share their most effective experiences and visions with a global online, offline and on the spot audience, while solutions will be proposed and strategies will be deliberated.

SIGEF2019 will be held on September 19 at the Tokyo Prince Hotel, after an opening reception conducted at the Swiss Residence of the Ambassador, on September 18. It will entail the active participation of an international array of government authorities, business executives, international organization representatives and academia, as well as representatives of civil society and a number of experts and proponents of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

"SIGEF has always exposed innovative and stimulating discussions about the social, economic and technological opportunities and challenges that reflect the most important needs of our society. In 2019, our Horyou Change-Maker Community is proud to organize SIGEF in Tokyo to discuss feasible strategies to reach the Sustainable Development Goals and to build a fairer future for the next generations. We truly believe that, together, we can shape a Smarter Future for All," says Yonathan Parienti, Chairman of SIGEF Organizing Committee and Founder and CEO of Horyou.

Story continues

Some of the confirmed SIGEF 2019 speakers include H.E Mr. Jean-Franois Paroz, Swiss Ambassador to Japan, Hon. Takuya Hirai, former Minister of Information Technology, Science and Innovation, Hon. Kenzo Fujisue, Member of the House of Councillors Japanese Parliament, Ms. Rebecca Shaw, Chief Scientist of WWF, visionary Artist Akira Hasegawa, Lifestyle model and influencer Ms. Lee Levi, Fintech innovator Mr. Roger Ver, Artificial Life Researcher Mr. Takashi Ikegami, Sustainability advocator Ms. Raquel Blanc, Vice President External Affairs Philip Morris International, Sports for Good advocator Mr. Saud Alsubaie, Director of Social Responsibility Department at Al Hilal Football Club, Women Empowerment Champion Ms. Yaye Soukeyna Toure, Innovator Dr. Hideto Tomabechi, Public Diplomacy Professor Dr. Nancy Snow, Robotic and Liver Surgeon Dr. Dmitri Alden, Mr. Magnus Magnusson, UNESCO's Director for Partnerships Social and Human Sciences (remote intervention), World Record owner of Jumping Box, Mr. Iketani Naoki, Social Entrepreneur Joseph Mercorella, CEO of Lumary and Mr. Masaya Mori, Global Head, Rakuten Institute of Technology Worldwide.

SIGEF2019 Organizers and Main Sponsors:

Horyou, the Social Network for Social GoodPhilip Morris InternationalHoryou FoundationHoryouTokenCognitive Research Labs, Inc

For an updated complete list of speakers, clickhere.

More information onwww.sigef2019.com

Agendahere.

Registration

For more information visitwww.sigef2019.com

About SIGEF

The Social Innovation and Global Ethics Forum SIGEF is an annual International event organized by Horyou, the Social Network for Social Good and Horyou Foundation. Its previous editions were in Geneva in 2014 & 2015, Marrakesh in 2016 (official side event of the United Nations Conference of the Parties COP22), Astana in 2017 (concurring with the Future Energy International Expo 2017), and Singapore in 2018. SIGEF stages an exceptional line-up of world-renowned speakers and visionaries, while offering incomparable networking opportunities advocating for Social Impact, and Social Innovation, and advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

About Horyou

Horyou is the Social Network for Social Good. Through advocacy of technology, innovation and social entrepreneurship, it promotes meaningful and global interactions among its adherent organizations, members and personalities. With its platform, App, Spotlight, the first Global Social Currency for Impact, and HoryouToken, its digital currency for SociaI Inclusion based on the principle of Blockchain With a Purpose, Horyou helps transform positive ideas into concrete actions while building online and offline relationships.

For more information visit http://www.horyou.com

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SIGEF2019 in Tokyo to Shape a Smarter Future - Yahoo Finance

Bitcoin {BTC} targets $10k as Chaincode Labs circulates Lightning Network Protocol Development Curriculum – OBN

North Korea will soon have its very own cryptocurrency thatll be similar to Bitcoin and others in the cryptosphere. Do note that the Department of Justice believes that North Korea is behind various attacks on exchanges and financial institutions.

The dictatorial regime has denied these allegations, even though theres enough evidence to prove that hackers are being funded by the DPRK [and possibly China which is an allied nation, due to similar ideals and methods of oppression].

For now, Kim Jong-un has no plans for digitizing the won.

After a brief investigation into the workings of the Lightning Network, it was revealed that there were various issues tied to security vulnerabilities which need to be examined and fixed accordingly. The LN was unveiled a year back and has incurred the support of Jack Dorsey whos the CEO of Twitter. Roger Ver has been critical of the king coin.

Bitcoin is ranked at #1 with its dominance rate lying above 65% for now. The price sunk at a rate of 3.51% in the course of the past 24-hours. The trading volume recorded is $17.940 billion, while the supply has 17,944,650 BTC coins included in circulation. At present, the total market cap of the king coin amounts to roughly $177.476 billion. BTC is priced at $9,890.22 in the market.

Bitcoin seems to be facing ample resistance near $10,500 which has consistently resulted in losses.

A specialist in comics and cryptocurrencies with an inclination towards DASH and Cardano. I have an innate desire to be a seasoned trader in the near future. Analyzing candlestick charts is a personal hobby.

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Bitcoin {BTC} targets $10k as Chaincode Labs circulates Lightning Network Protocol Development Curriculum - OBN

HTC has partnered with Bitcoin.com for cryptocurrency support in – NewsAffinity

HTC has partnered with Bitcoin.com for cryptocurrency support in smartphone Exodus 1

HTC has teamed up with Bitcoin.com to work on HTCs Exodus 1 smartphone for cryptocurrency compatibility. Their flagship smartphone is to accommodate cryptocurrency usage and trading.

The relationship, however, benefits the partners mutually. HTC aims to set its smartphone apart by making it cryptocurrency trading simple for people using their smart devices. Subsequently, HTC will also garner a chunk of traffic to Bitcoin.com where 4 million users are already using their wallets for crypto trade and transactions.

HTC and Bitcoin.com Partnership: Overview

Exodus 1 was unveiled in the month of May where it is recognizably the first device to have BCH or Bitcoin Cash compatibility. And, the best part is that theres no requirement for downloading the BCH wallet. Once they update their device, Exodus 1 users will find a pre-installed Bitcoin.com wallet app.

The decentralized chief officer from HTC, Phil Chen has stated that the Exodus rendition has always aimed to align itself towards the transformative aspects of public blockchains with respect to internet and money. The Zion Vault is also to support BCH natively in their hardware where the BCH blockchain can be an alternative to the traditional payment platforms.

While the future entails special discounts for those using BCH to pay for their phones, this partnership is perhaps the first step towards the future implementation of blockchain.

Bitcoin.COM CEO Stefan Rust has stated that he feels the various synergies between HTC and Bitcoin.com. They are also excited to start on with this journey as partners.

Roger Ver, the Bitcoin.com executive chair has also added, saying that this partnership will propel Bitcoin Cash to be used as electronic cash, operating on P2P infrastructure for all the global Exodus users.

Is this the comeback HTC was looking for?

This partnership has also sparked a sort of comeback for HTC. Earlier this year, a report revealed that the share of the mobile market of HTC had almost evaporated where they held a 1% market share in the year 2018.

But this year with their increasing involvements surrounding crypto spaces and blockchain, they are working their way towards a reprisal. HTC has featured a number of crypto operability forms to their devices where they have even introduced an in-built ERC-20 token wallet on their flagship Exodus 1. The implementation happened at the same time when the smartphone was unveiled. They also announced that Exodus 1S will have BTC or Bitcoin full node functionalities.

The firm also has some investments in various blockchain ventures and companies associated.

LG to compete against Samsung blockchain smartphones

A recent report has also unveiled that South Korean giant LG is also partnering up with blockchain developers to produce a rival to the Klaytn blockchain smart devices from Samsung. Industry insiders have stated that LG has already discussed the scopes and aspects with local Dapp developers. They have even worked out an instance of blockchain implementation in their future product.

Conclusion

While it may seem that the companies are already running alongside one another to implement blockchain technology, it is important to remember that decentralization holds the keys to future progression.

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HTC has partnered with Bitcoin.com for cryptocurrency support in - NewsAffinity

Bitopia Launches First-Ever Crypto Robo-Advisory! – newsBTC

Bitopia, considered by some analysts, a major fin-tech surprise of 2019, has launched recently and is fast becoming the biggest buzz amongst bitcoin traders!

Robo-Advisories have grown to become a new and quite popular investment tool in recent years and are gaining popularity among veteran traders and newbie investors. The fact that ordinary people can invest without risking their entire yearly salary is really whats setting apart and making these new robo-advisories so appealing.

Bitopia is an automated portfolio management service. We use a set of rules and algorithms to choose appropriate investment portfolios based on your risk tolerance and time horizon. Unlike other robo advisory services, Bitopias users, trade Forex, Cryptocurrencies and CFDs directly on a brokerage platform using one or more of our recommended trading algorithmic software in accordance to user risk tolerance, said Tim Barlow, head of behavioral science at Bitopias headquarters.

Bitopia offers unique features. An incredibly easy user experience which makes it easy to understand your money and control your exposure to risk. Unlike managed accounts, Bitopia recommends and builds your portfolio using sophisticated algorithms, for no monthly cost and automatic, seamless diversification (which means higher returns with lower risk).

The Crypto craze!

Bitopia is the first-ever robo advisory service to add crypto trading to your portfolio. With a super accurate, and low latency automated portfolio management, Bitopia predicts the rise and fall of all major crypto assets and hedges them against forex pairs, taking your risk appetite into consideration.

We have accurately predicted the fall and rise of bitcoin in the last 6 months with such a precision of 0.5% standard deviation to actual reality! Users are easily making 10% returns monthly on cryptocurrencies, without having to lever their risk said Bitopia spokesman.

How Does the System Work?

This new investment platform is pretty much straight-forward and intuitive. Bitopia has taken the complexity out of trading so you can literally sit back and enjoy the ride. Simply fill out a very short form, and Bitopia will automatically generate an optimized, tailored-made trading portfolio for you. Once you successfully fund your account, Bitopia will automatically send you an email with the required instructions on how to seamlessly integrate the app into your trading account. You can literally start trading after 5 minutes of opening a new account. Previous knowledge of Forex or cryptocurrency trading is not required in order to successfully execute winning trades. Simply sign up, and fill out the short form, and you are well on your way to start trading with Bitopias powerful trading algorithms. You can activate and de-activate the algo trading software whenever you wish. Otherwise, it will stop executing trades when it reaches the trade turnover you have previously instructed it to achieve.

CLICK HERE TO JOIN BITOPIA

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Bitopia Launches First-Ever Crypto Robo-Advisory! - newsBTC

Five benefits of gene therapies – Echo Live

GENES are the building blocks of life but like all things, they can sometimes go wrong, resulting in a range of conditions and diseases.

Repairing or replacing these genes with good ones, however, could solve or at the very least treat the problem, and this is what the emerging science of gene therapy is all about.

It was first suggested in the early-1970s that using good DNA (genes are short sections of DNA) to replace defective DNA could treat inherited diseases, and since then scientists have been trying to work out how to do it, both for inherited conditions and many others.

The British Society for Gene and Cell Therapy (bsgct.org) says the first approved human gene therapy took place in 1990, on four-year-old Ashanti DeSilva who had ADA-SCID an inherited disease that prevents normal development of the immune system. The therapy made a huge difference, meaning the little girl no longer needed to be kept in isolation and could go to school.

When the human genome was mapped nearly 20 years ago, the notion that it could potentially unlock therapies capable of fixing genes responsible for some of the worlds most devastating diseases was an idea of the future, says gene therapy expert Professor Bobby Gaspar, speaking on behalf of Jeans for Genes Day, the annual campaign for Genetic Disorders UK (geneticdisordersuk.org).

We are at the forefront of a new era of treatment for genetic diseases using gene and cell therapies. Some of these are one-time, potentially curative investigational therapies that could provide life-changing benefits to patients and their families.

Gaspar says there are currently more than 10 cell and gene therapy products approved in the European Union, ranging from products that treat cancer to rare immune deficiencies. A number of these are approved in the UK and available on its National Health Service in specialised centres.

And with nearly 3,000 clinical gene therapy trials underway worldwide, the number of available treatments is expected to grow significantly over the next few years.

Here, Gaspar a professor of paediatrics and immunology at the UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and chief scientific officer at Orchard Therapeutics, a gene therapy company that seeks to permanently correct rare, often-fatal diseases outlines five of the ways gene therapy can cure, stop, or slow a disease...

A variety of efforts are underway to use gene therapy to treat cancer. Some types of gene therapy aim to boost the bodys immune cells to attack cancer cells, while others are designed to attack the cancer cells directly.

One way the body protects itself from cancer is through T-cells, a main component of the immune system. But some cancers are good at avoiding these protection mechanisms, says Gaspar.

Chimeric antigen receptor, or CAR T-cell therapy, is a new form of immunotherapy that uses specially altered T-cells to more specifically target cancer cells.

Some of the patients T-cells are collected from their blood, then genetically modified to produce special CAR proteins on the surface.

When these CAR T-cells are reinfused into the patient, the new receptors help the T-cells identify and attack cancer cells specifically and kill them.

There are more than 250 genetic mutations that can lead to a type of blindness called inherited retinal diseases, or IRD. People with a defect in the RPE65 gene start losing their vision in childhood.

As the disease progresses, patients experience gradual loss of peripheral and central vision, which can eventually lead to blindness.

Gene therapy for some IRD patients became available in 2017, delivering a normal copy of the RPE65 gene directly to the retinal cells at the back of the eye using a naturally-occurring virus as a delivery vehicle.

For children with the genetic disorder spinal muscular atrophy, or SMA, a rare muscular dystrophy, motor nerve cells in the spinal cord are damaged, causing patients to lose muscle strength and the ability to walk, eat or even breathe, says Gaspar.

SMA is caused by a mutation in a gene called SMN which is critical to the function of the nerves that control muscle movement. Without this gene, those nerve cells cant properly function and eventually die, leading to debilitating and often fatal muscle weakness.

Researchers recently developed the first US-approved gene therapy to treat children less than two years of age with SMA.

The therapy is designed to target the cause of SMA by replacing the missing or nonworking gene with a new, working copy of a human SMN gene, helping motor neuron cells work properly.

Researchers believe targeted gene therapy and gene editing may have widespread application for a range of infectious diseases that arent amenable to standard clinical management, including HIV.

Although HIV isnt a hereditary disease, the virus does live and replicate in DNA, Gaspar explains.

Another early but encouraging approach uses a gene editing technology combined with a new long-acting, antiretroviral treatment to suppress HIV replication and eliminate HIV from cells and organs of infected animals.

Gene editing is an approach that precisely and efficiently modifies the DNA within a cell. In this approach, gene editing can knock out a receptor called CCR5 on immune cells used by HIV to enter and invade cells. Without CCR5, HIV may no longer invade and cause disease.

One approach being investigated for a number of rare, often-fatal diseases uses gene-modified blood stem cells with a goal of permanently correcting the underlying cause of disease.

Blood stem cells are taken from the patient, and corrected outside the body by introducing a working copy of the gene into the cells. The gene-corrected cells are then put back into the patient to potentially cure the disease.

Gene-modified blood stem cells have the capacity to self-renew and, once taken up in the bone marrow, can potentially provide a lifelong supply of corrected cells. Because of their ability to become many different types of cells in the body, this approach has the potential to provide a lasting treatment for many different severe and often life-limiting inherited disorders, many of which have no approved treatment options available, says Gaspar.

For instance, ADA-SCID, sometimes referred to as bubble baby syndrome, is a disease where babies lack almost all immune protection, leading to frequent and devastating infections. Left untreated, babies rarely live past two years of age. Standard treatment options are not always effective or can carry significant risks. In 2016, the European Medicines Agency approved Strimvelis, a blood stem cell gene therapy for the treatment of ADA-SCID. Strimvelis was the first approved ex vivo gene therapy product in Europe.

Jeans for Genes Day helped fund some of the earliest work using this type of gene therapy at Great Ormond Street Hospital in 2002, when Rhys Evans, a little boy with SCID, became one of the first children worldwide to be treated by gene therapy.

Jeans for Genes Day aims to raise money for children with life-altering genetic disorders by asking people to donate money for wearing jeans to work, school or wherever they like, on any day between September 16-20. Visit jeansforgenesday.org.

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Five benefits of gene therapies - Echo Live

Reprogramming the Human Computer: Silicon Valley Meets Cell and Gene Therapy – BioBuzz

How will Cell and Gene Therapy Usher in a New Industrial Revolution?

Cell and gene therapy companies are on the verge of transforming how we treat unmet medical needs such as cancer, rare diseases, genetic disorders and diabetes, to name only a few. By using a patients own cells and genes to fight disease, cell and gene therapy treatments deliver highly-targeted therapies and cures for unserved and underserved patients in need of solutions to a wide variety of intractable diseases.

What was once relegated to science fictionlike the miniaturized heroes sent into a human body in the Fantastic Voyage sci-fi movie of 1966has, to a large degree, become reality with modified cells being put into patients to act as virtual bots capable of clearing diseaseseven cancersfrom the body. New technologies are empowering science to do what would never have been thought possible years ago.

Understanding the complexities of how these novel personalized medicines actually work can be daunting and confusing for many people, especially for the patients who are in need of these new medicines and those who are non-scientific minded.

Jeff Galvin, CEO of American Gene Technologies (AGT), has helped a wide variety of audiences understand this new technology by explaining the similarities between the human cell and an organic computer. He explains that DNA is the operating system of the human cell. It contains commands for the cellular machinery called genes, which are coded in four symbols: A, G, T, and C (for the nucleotides adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine). The order of these nucleotides determines the instruction that a gene provides to the machine just like the order of 1s and 0s in your personal computer or cell phone determine the commands to be executed by the device. Galvin coined this human computer analogy to describe the work that his company is doing and what is actually taking place with cell and gene therapies to make new solutions for formerly unaddressable human diseases.

Galvin describes gene and cell therapy as the software revolution for the next 100 years: reprogramming DNA in cells to improve health. Scientists have long understood that viruses infect cells and hijack them with new instructions (viral DNA) to cause disease. Over the last few decades, methods have been developed to crack open viruses, scoop out their bad instructions that make cells sick, and replace them with new good instructions that improve the operation of the cell. In a way, the gene and cell therapy industry is hijacking the hijacker, says Galvin. We are taking viruses and converting them to updates to fix bugs or improve the operating system (DNA) of human cells. Just like viruses and updates on your computer work. The possibilities are endless. We can use these updates to repair a broken gene that is the root cause of a disease, insert new instructions into cells to improve their operation allowing them to do their jobs better, clear or protect the body from disease, or even change the operation of cells to make them little bots that can carry out functions that they would not normally do in your body, like clearing cancer. All of these things are within the scope of reprogramming the human computer.

American Gene Technologies (AGT), a biotech company located in Rockville, Maryland, is a company where Silicon Valley tech innovation and the human computer mindset is converging to rethink the approach to developing medicine.

AGTs CEO Jeff Galvin has shared that he and other cell and gene therapy leaders are on a mission to reprogram the human computer to save lives and improve outcomes for patients fighting infectious diseases, monogenic disorders, cancer and other devastating illnesses.

A serial tech innovator, Galvin made his mark as a Silicon Valley entrepreneur. He retired in his early 40s in 2002. His retirement was short-lived. When Galvin discovered the groundbreaking viral vector work of the National Institute of Healths (NIH) Dr. Roscoe Brady, he exited retirement to do what he always does: Vigorously pursue what he loves.

Galvin leapt out of retirementin 2007 to start AGT, and to continue developing Bradys technology.

I was very lucky to meet Roscoe Brady. When he showed me viral vectors and I realized we now had the ability to modify DNA with viruses, I immediately felt that this is the future of pharmaceuticals, stated Galvin. I could see the inherent power in this approach and how viral vectors could bring opportunities to new biotech companies to cure diseases that were formerly untreatable or incurable.

Bradys commitment to solving diseases and improving lives was also infectious. Dr. Brady was retiring, and it looked like this brilliant work was going to be shelved. explains Galvin. I saw it as too valuable and potentially world-changing to ignore. Dr. Brady agreed to stay on as a scientific advisor and I founded AGT with the mission to find the most efficient, effective, and fastest ways to bring this cutting edge technology to patients in need.

A lot of what I imagined as a computer programmer and software/IT specialist coming from the West Coast is actually coming true for this technology. This vision has fortunately attracted a lot of great scientists to our company and they are doing all of the rocket science. The concept is correct: We can use viral vectors to hijack the viruses that have been hijacking our cells for 1.5 billion years, using the inherent ability of viruses to infect cells and carry malevolent genetic code to deliver benevolent code instead,. Galvin stated.

What I am witnessing in our part of this industry is that high tech has come to drug development. The capabilities of everything we are doing is doubling every yearits like the computer revolution; every year youre getting more power while the price of the technology is going down, so youre getting exponential growth in power and value, Galvin commented.

Our approach is a major shift from old-style drug development, which relies on the random generation of thousands or tens of thousands of molecules. And then you try to screen them down via a cell model that gives you the effect youre looking for. And generally after two years and $10 million of investment, you have a few (drug programs) you can test in a mouse, and then one in 19 get into the clinic, stated Galvin.

What were doing at AGT and in the cell and gene therapy field is just different. Gene and cell therapy is about directed development. You can create highly targeted drugs that hit a specific cellular pathway and you can even narrow that down using specific promoters or chimeric envelopes so you can direct that drug to a certain cell type or even to a certain disease indicator, stated Galvin. By narrowing the drug to the particular tissue or particular disease indicator you are sparing all the healthy tissue, which is the main reason drugs drop out of clinical development, the side effects. Gene and cell therapy largely avoids this issue.

We can test some of these in cell models at the bench, then in animal models and be able to get to a go-no-go decision after $100K in investment. We might be able to characterize it so well at the bench that the clinical development becomes highly predictable. This turned out to be true with our HIV therapy, stated Galvin.

Galvin believes that AGTs cell and gene therapy platform will help contributeas part of a wider cell and gene therapy revolutionto the eradication of the $2 to $4 trillion in palliative care treatment costs replaced with one-and-done cures. Viral-vector based drug development platforms like the one AGT deploys will help find new gene and cell therapy treatments and cures for the approximately 7,000 rare diseases that impact approximately one in ten people across the globe.

The future of drug development, in my mind, is that the toolset will keep evolving like computers and software. Software developers used creativity to leverage a limited toolset to create value in the market. At AGT, were thinking about correcting DNA to improve human health and mitigate disease. Everything about technology is playing in our favor. If you were in computers a while ago and you saw mainframes turn into mini-computers and then micro computers you would have said, Eventually we will have these things in our pocket and you would have been right. The same is now true about drug development, stated Galvin, Nearly anything will be possible in the future as this technology continues to exponentially improve. In this high-tech revolution of gene and cell therapy, if you can dream it, you will eventually be able to do it!

AGT is part of an evolving, growing and groundbreaking cell and gene therapy cluster thriving in the BioHealth Capital Region.

Maryland is at the epicenter of the gene and cell therapy technological explosion Its all about the resources. They are starting to hit a critical mass here, added Galvin.

Steve has over 20 years experience in copywriting, developing brand messaging and creating marketing strategies across a wide range of industries, including the biopharmaceutical, senior living, commercial real estate, IT and renewable energy sectors, among others. He is currently the Principal/Owner of StoryCore, a Frederick, Maryland-based content creation and execution consultancy focused on telling the unique stories of Maryland organizations.

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Reprogramming the Human Computer: Silicon Valley Meets Cell and Gene Therapy - BioBuzz