World War Three: Safest bunkers to hide in UK if North Korea deploys nuclear weapon – Express

North Korea leader Kim Jong Un has sparked alarm after he threatened to resume nuclear testing - could we be on the brink of World War Three? Kim announced he is ceasing the suspension of nuclear and long-range missile tests established during talks with the US. The dictator also said North Korea would be introducing "a new strategic weapon".

Kims arsenal is now estimated to include up to 50 nuclear bombs and various delivery systems, including solid-fuel missiles designed to beat missile-defence systems and developmental ICBMs potentially capable of reaching the US mainland.

The leader gave no clear indication that a resumption of such tests was imminent and appeared to leave the door open for eventual negotiations.

However, if the worst does happen and WW3 does break out - where is the safest place to go?

These are the UKs nuclear bunkers built in the event of a disaster.

READ MORE:Cruise: Liner collides with dock in Sicily

These tunnels - found beneath the Kingsford Country Park north of Kidderminster, Worcestershire - were originally part of a factory for Second World War munitions.

During the cold war, it served as a nuclear bunker and also housed a BBC studio. The site was sold in 1993 and a cannabis farm of 885 plants was found on the site in 2013.

This historic bunker was built in the 1950s and was designed to fit around 400 politicians underground.

It is found deep underground in Corstorphine Hill. According to Forces Network, the bunker served as Sector Operations Centre for co-coordinating RAF fighter jets and protected Scotland from attacks by Russian long-range nuclear bombers until around 1960.

The 240-acre bunker is in an old underground Bath stone quarry known as Spring Quarry, in Corsham, Wiltshire. After the Cold War, it was taken over by the MoD.

The site was put up for sale in October 2005, and proposed plans for it included a data store or the biggest wine cellar in Europe.

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The RAF operations centre at High Wycombe has a nuclear bunker. According to Civil Defence Today, it cost approximately 83million to build.

From this bunker, the warning message would have been issued to the United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation (UKWMO) and would be the trigger for today's National attack warning system.

The Anchor telephone exchange in Birmingham is one of three built in the UK before World War II.

The entrance could be found at the back of Telephone House, between Lionel Street and Fleet Street. Another entrance was on Newhall Street.

Workers at the Anchor telephone exchange were not told they were working on a nuclear bunker during construction and could not tell their family about their work.

The building has been closed down now due to asbestos but the Mess Room and Canteen are intact.

This bunker in North Yorkshire, built in April 1959, was manned by Royal Observer Corps (ROC) personnel.

They would monitor the skies and radiation levels and were ready to act to protect the local residents.

Once damaged by vandals, the Castleton bunker has since been restored and is now a museum.

Royal Naval Armaments Depot Coulport, shortened to RNAD Coulport, on Loch Long in Argyll, sorts nuclear warheads for trident.

This bunker in Essex was first built as an air defence station and became a bunker.

Now it is open to the public as a tourist attraction and houses a museum dedicated to the Cold War.

This bunker, in Colgate, York, was built in 1961. It serves as the regional headquarters and control centre for the Royal Observer Corps's No. 20 Group. Now it is an English Heritage Scheduled Monument.

Hiding underneath the ground of this housing estate in Bridgend Wales is a nuclear bunker developed in the 1960s. It was sold in 1996 and entry is denied.

This is a stately home in Evesham, Worcestershire. The Bredon Wing has a 175-foot bunker beneath it.

This site in Cheshire stayed secret for over 60 years.

According to Visit Cheshire, the 35,000 sq ft underground bunker would have been the centre of regional government had nuclear war broken out.

Now the bunker is open to the public and has a Cold War museum.

Found on a former US air base in Cambridge the building was also known as Magic Mountain, and was made with its own decontamination facility along with its own communications and air supply.

While it was closed in 1991, there are plans to redesign it in the event of an attack or natural disaster.

Located underneath High Holborn street, it was built as an air-raid shelter in the 1940s.

Since then, it has been used as a communications centre by the government, the General Post Office and yet is now for sale.

Despite once being home to the deepest licensed bar in the UK as well as a restaurant and games room to wait out a nuclear attack, it is currently not in use.

This bunker - on the Whiteknights Park campus of the University of Reading - dates back to the early days of the cold war.

Designed to protect against nuclear attacks as strong as Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it later became apparent that it would not be fit for containing humans after an attack.

It was taken over the University library and is now a protected building and Grade II listed.

The bunker includes a central map room, control rooms, satellite cabins, offices and communications room, dormitories and a canteen.

It has been described as "remarkably intact."

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World War Three: Safest bunkers to hide in UK if North Korea deploys nuclear weapon - Express

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World War 3: The Top 10 WW3 video games ever made – Daily Star

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World War 3 fears have grown today after it was reported that the United States issued an airstrike which eliminated one of Irans most powerful generals Qassem Soleimani.

Who is Qassem Soleimani? Well he was the commander of Irans elite Quds, a branch of the nation's security forces responsible for operations abroad.

The World War 3 fears were subsequently reignited and soon it was trending across various social media circles.

To call it strange would be an understatement.

Twitter feeds that we normally read featuring people complaining about the Nintendo Switch menu screen or FIFA players not getting their weekend league rewards were suddenly filled with WW3 panic.

But for some gamers, we've seen it all before in some guise or another.

If it's not some gloriously over the top Russian general barking orders in Command & Conquer Red Alert 2, it's an elaborate over the top Michael Bay set piece from Battlefield 4.

So whilst we wait for all this military tension to die down, why don't we recall some of the very best World War 3 games to grace out consoles, thanks to the video below by the team at Watch Mojo.

"These are the games that predict the sum of all fears: a modern conflict between first world nations, war with China, Russia & the united States! Nuclear armageddon! The end of days! A conflict to REALLY end all conflicts!"

And here's hoping this WW3 tension dies down and remains very much in the realm of fiction for the foreseeable future.

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World War 3: The Top 10 WW3 video games ever made - Daily Star

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Brits warned ‘leave Dubai and surrounding areas immediately’ amid WW3 tensions – Daily Star

Holidaymakers and all British citizen's living in the UAE have been warned to get out of the country, which is home to the popular and lavish holiday destination Dubai.

Tensions have severely escalated after Donald Trump ordered a missile strike which killed the top Iranian genera Qaseml Soleiman.

Iranian Professor, Seyed Mohammad Marandi, from the University of Tehran warned the BBC: If I was a Western citizen, I would leave the UAE immediately.

Not only will Iranian leaders retaliate, but also Iraqis.

The Americans have murdered Iraqi war heroes, and this was a senior in Iraqi government official.

The whole regions future is unclear because of the terrorist attack. No matter how you frame it, it is the equivalent of assassinating the British commander of the British armed forces.

This is essentially a declaration of war against Iran and they have a pretty wide menu of retaliation options from which to choose from.

The Iranian reaction mean there are high-level talks of very severe revenge.

Diplomats and experts are currently saying that consequences are unknown.

Some have called the assassination "a powerful political weapon" against the US, but all agree that retaliation is expected.

Previous US presidents have considered assassinating Soleimani before, but decided that the fallout was too great a risk.

The airstrike has caused a frenzy online, with some worrying that World War 3 will begin.

All Brits are being urged to leave all parts of the UAE immediately.

Those who are due to go on holiday to the UAE are advised to contact their travel insurance company.

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Brits warned 'leave Dubai and surrounding areas immediately' amid WW3 tensions - Daily Star

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World War 3: What is the military draft age? Can people be drafted for war in the UK? – Express.co.uk

World War 3 is currently trending on Twitter, as millions of people fear the worst after a US drone strike killed Irans top general. The prospect of all-out war in the 21st century comes with some terrifying implications, among them the military draft.

The military draft, otherwise known as conscription, is an age-old practice of compulsory enlistment into a countrys military.

The draft originates in antiquity and sees people bound to serve in the military unless they have extenuating circumstances.

Draft age varies, but traditionally starts at 18, and few countries still make use of the practice.

READ MORE:UN ambassador warns Soleimani killing is tantamount to declaring WAR'

Many people around the world may currently fear the prospect of conscription if a third world war breaks out, however, most need not worry.

The military draft, while once popular in the first two world wars and other military campaigns namely the Vietnam and Korean wars has been abandoned by many countries.

Others, however, have chosen to hold on to the tradition.

Thankfully for those in the UK, the military draft is no longer in use.

The UK implemented conscription during two distinct periods when World War I and World War II broke out.

UK men aged 18 to 40 were required to enlist during World War I between 1916 and 1920, in what was known as Military Service.

Conscription came around once again in 1939 when the rise of the Third Reich threatened Europe and was in effect from 1939 to 1960 as National Service.

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While there is no forced conscription currently active in the UK, Parliament could pass a law reestablishing it during a time of national crisis.

The same goes for the US, which abandoned the draft in 1973.

However, while the US abolished the draft after the Vietnam War, its remnants became the Selective Service System.

The system requires all men to register within 30 days of their 18th birthday and lists all those who would be potentially subject to the draft.

If the US Congress one day approved a bill which reestablishes forced conscription, the Selective Service System lists who is available.

Selective Service is expected to deliver the first draftees within 193 days of a national crisis.

Other countries never disposed of the military draft, among them the US feared opponents Iran and their strategic ally Russia.

Austria, Greece and a selection of other European countries also make use of the practice.

Concerns about the draft hit the Selective Service System particularly hard, as the organisation noted its website crashed this weekend.

Speaking via Twitter, the service revealed it was experiencing "unusually high traffic volumes" due to the spread of "misinformation".

The service said: "Due to the spread of misinformation, our website is experiencing high traffic volumes at this time.

"If you are attempting to register or verify registration, please check back later today as we are working to resolve this issue. We appreciate your patience."

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FCO warn Britons of heightened risk in Egypt as WW3 fears grow – is Sharm el-Sheikh safe? – Express

Britons jetting off on winter sun holidays to Egypt are being warned about the risk of violence as tensions between the Middle East and the US mount. Just months after flights were given the go-ahead to return to holiday hotspot Sharm el-Sheikh, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has issued an updated travelwarning urging holidaymakers to avoid certain areas in the country.

The updated travel warning comes amid a series of threats between the US and Iran after President Donald Trump launched a targeted attack on an Iranian military leader.

The assassination of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani was part of a US strike in Baghdad on 3 January.

Since then an Iranian religious leader has issued a tweet directed at Trump and threatened severe revenge.

Following the tweets "World War 3" started trending across Twitter.

As a result, the FCO is advising British nationals in areas close to the affected region to remain vigilant and stay up to date on any developments that could see a sudden attack.

READ MORE:First UK flight to Sharm El Sheik since 2015 airline disaster underway [UPDATE]

A statement from the FCO reads: The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) advise against all travel to the Governorate of North Sinai.

The FCO advise against all but essential travel to:

the Governorate of South Sinai, except the area within the Sharm el-Sheikh perimeter barrier, which includes the airport and the areas of Sharm el Maya, Hadaba, Naama Bay, Sharks Bay and Nabq.

the area west of the Nile Valley and Nile Delta regions, excluding the coastal areas between the Nile Delta and Marsa Matruh (as shown on the map).

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With Egypt close to the border of at-risk countries, the situation poses a concern for Britons holidaying in the popular winter destination.

The terrorism scale for Egypt is also relatively high at the moment, with an attack very likely".

FCO officials warn: There is considered to be a heightened threat of terrorist attack globally against UK interests and British nationals, from groups or individuals motivated by the conflict in Iraq and Syria.

Although most attacks occur in North Sinai, there is a risk of terrorist attacks across the country.

Attacks could be indiscriminate, affecting Egyptian security forces, religious sites, large public gatherings and places visited by foreigners.

Terrorist attacks have occurred over local holiday weekends.

Terrorists have attacked tourists in Egypt in the past.

There is a heightened threat of terrorist attacks targeting Coptic Christians from extremists linked to Daesh-Sinai in Egypt.

You should follow the advice of Egyptian authorities, remaining particularly vigilant and maintaining a high level of security awareness in crowded places and at large gatherings.

The news comes just weeks after the UK government decided it was safe for British tourists to return to Sharm el-Sheikh.

An inaugural flight took off on 19 December, relaunching vacations to the popular destination.

Government officials made the decision to ban all travel to the city in 2015 following a fatal terrorist attack which targeted a flight filled with tourists from the region to Russia.

The fatal attack killed 224 passengers on a flight to St. Petersburg and is considered Russias worst aviation disaster.

Following the incident the British government suspended flights to Sharm el-Sheik, deeming the area unsafe and advising travellers against visiting.

After working closely with the Egyptian government on security precautions, restrictions have since been lifted.

Sharm el-Sheikh is still considered to be largely safe for British tourist, even amid the current crisis.

In a statement in October, the FCO said: Restrictions on flights between Sharm el-Sheikh Airport and the UK have been lifted.

Improvements in security procedures at the airport, and close co-operation between the UK and Egypt on aviation security, mean commercial airlines can now be allowed to operate routes to and from the airport.

This is the first step in the resumption of flights to Sharm El-Sheikh, which is a popular destination for UK holidaymakers. This decision supports air carriers to provide more choice to travellers hoping to visit the country.

However, as the threat of war is on the rise, experts are warning travellers they should remain in the know about current developments which could affect their holiday.

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FCO warn Britons of heightened risk in Egypt as WW3 fears grow - is Sharm el-Sheikh safe? - Express

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Rose McGowan turns out to be Republican in bizarre WW3 rant – Daily Gaming Worlld

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Like Rose McGowan, we are very tired. (Youtube)

Rose McGowan says she is registered Republican even though she hates Trump and, in her own words, imagine how tired we are.

The actress, author and activist justified her decision to vote Republican in a confusing rant on Twitter.

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She said she hates the Clintons none of them running for election in 2020 and cannot vote Democrats because she prefers to know what harm I am getting, so I will become a Republican .

This is World War III, so none of that matters anyway, she added, with the hashtags #TeamStayAlive #RoseArmy.

I am a Republican registered in California. I hate the Clintons. I hate Trump. I will not vote Republican, but I cannot vote Democrat. I prefer to know what harm I am getting, so I will become a Republican. This is World War III, so none of that matters anyway. #TeamStayAlive #RoseArmy pic.twitter.com/l7MtDXUVuy

rose mcgowan (@rosemcgowan) January 3, 2020

Well, its good news that the Clintons arent filming in 2020.

kaley heider (@kaley_heider) January 3, 2020

pic.twitter.com/WJQzn8lMoB

Jeff Fecke (@jkfecke) January 3, 2020

Does that make sense?

Nat Lee Meow (@Imnotbovvered) January 3, 2020

pic.twitter.com/5rpwPDwPqG

Tweet_Decade (@Tweet_Dec) January 3, 2020

More like I will hope for the best but also actively try to make things worse!

Colin (@pengwinpiper) January 3, 2020

Dear America:

On behalf of Hollywood, we sincerely apologize for Rose McGowan and her vile and soothing fellows for terrorism.

Adam Baldwin (@AdamBaldwin) January 3, 2020

Immediately after his exit as a Republican, McGowan quickly turned around.

I will never vote Republican, she tweeted, apparently forgetting what she wrote a few minutes earlier.

I want the Democrats to win because we are less likely to die. I am a conscientious objector to the United States, their policies, their lies, corruption, nationalism, racism and deep misogyny. As citizens, we have the right and the duty to oppose.

I will never vote Republican. I want the Democrats to win because we are less likely to die. I am a conscientious objector in the United States, these are politics, lies, corruption, nationalism, racism and deep misogyny. As citizens, we have the right and the duty to oppose.

rose mcgowan (@rosemcgowan) January 3, 2020

Hours after her Republican tweets, McGowan said she had panicked because we may have an impending war.

Sometimes its okay to panic over those in power, she wrote.

It is our right. This is why so many brave soldiers fought. This is democracy. I dont want any more American soldiers killed. Thats it.

Okay, so I panicked because we could have an imminent war. Sometimes its okay to panic over those in power. Its our right. This is why so many brave soldiers fought. This is democracy. I dont want any more American soldiers killed. Thats it.

rose mcgowan (@rosemcgowan) January 3, 2020

In January 2019, McGowan apologized for claiming that trans women couldnt understand the experience of cisgender women of living in this world as a woman.

She commented on RuPauls podcast Whats The Tee? in July 2017, leading to a lively confrontation with a trans woman during a reading event in February 2018.

She told PinkNews that she was deeply sorry for the whole debacle.

I didnt have the right language, she said. Im, you know, an older woman in Hollywood. It is not exactly the place to understand the language.

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The best movies of 2019 that you haven’t seen – The Guardian

Beanpole

This quite extraordinary film from the 28-year-old Russian director Kantemir Balagov was a prize-winner in Cannes; in the UK it had three showings at the London film festival and then went straight to the streaming platform Mubi. Everyone should see it. The inspiration is The Unwomanly Face Of War, the 1985 oral history of Soviet womens wartime experiences by Nobel laureate Svetlana Alexievich. In the shabby, traumatised city of Leningrad after the war in 1945, two women have survived: a tall, unworldly young woman nicknamed Beanpole and her friend Masha. The two women have a bond of friendship relating to the little boy, Pashka, that Beanpole looks after, and this becomes the keystone of a terrible, shared tragedy. A harrowing, vital movie. PB

A rare modern film based on an epic poem, Swedish directors Pella Kgerman and Hugo Liljas first feature film Aniara begins as a sci-fi adventure and ends up an exploration of chaos, despair and cultural collapse. A transport ship moving wealthy evacuees of an increasingly uninhabitable Earth gets thrown off course on the way to a Martian colony. The cruise liner, replete with arcades and a psychotropic sense-memory evocation room, is self-sustaining, so survives as a generation ship. Help is always just around the corner, as are the numerous conspiracy theories damaging morale. As time grows infinite, new social structures emerge, some of which are technologically advanced, others more primitive. Ill just come out and say the words interplanetary sex cults. The film doubles down on weirdness, leaving no narrative corridor unexplored. High Life and Ad Astra both found their audiences this year, but this movie, far superior, unfortunately slipped into a black hole. JH

A man goes to a nightclub, spots a fetching stranger sporting a leather getup, and scurries off with him for a casual shag in a side room where the masked figure then murders the guy by spiked dildo. So begins an erotic slasher with a clear sense of humor about itself, counterbalanced with serious considerations for the Aids epidemic and the ostracizing of the gay, porn and gay-porn communities. A serial killer stalks the French blue-movie industry in 1979, targeting the stable of performers employed by producer Anne (Vanessa Paradis), who has some unresolved issues of her own with her ex-girlfriend and current editor Los (Kate Moran). As they jointly work through production on the film they title Homocidal and the body count continues to rise, director Yann Gonzalez stages ravishingly, ripely carnal set pieces at the intersection of fear and desire, a nexus at which the films milieu of decadent queer indulgence has been comfortably situated. CB

While the premise of Penny Lanes brilliant documentary Hail Satan? initially appears to be pure sensationalism the use of black masses to counter white supremacy as the film unfolds, the story becomes both stranger and more uplifting. Lane introduces the devilishly good work of the Satanic Temple, a growing group of activists who are challenging the encroaching overlap between church and state through the use of satanic imagery. So, if a government building in Arkansas erects a Christian monument on its grounds, the Temple campaigns for its own religious symbol to be built nearby: a 10ft statue of Baphomet. The theory is closer to satire than satanism, but theres a deeply felt sincerity to the Temples work also. That goes further than its defence of democracy its there in its embrace of diversity and a pretty impeccable set of moral values. Not all heroes wear capes; some of them wear horns as well. PH

Were living through a climate emergency; its fitting then, that Canadian film-maker Brett Story has made a film about the apocalypse. Borrowing its format from Chris Markers Le Joli Mai, which examined Paris in 1962, shortly after the Algerian war, The Hottest August is set in New York circa 2017, during its hottest summer on record, eloquently drawing poetic links between the islands rising temperature and the political tensions bubbling between its residents. Her vital critique of the way late capitalism is mutating both the planet and the values of the people inhabiting it invokes Karl Marx, Annie Dillard and Zadie Smith but the experience of watching is more visceral than cerebral, conjuring a genuine (and genuinely terrifying) sense of creeping, paralysing dread. An alien soundscape designed by Ernst Karel of the Harvard Sensory Ethnography Lab helps to create further a feeling of futurelessness. SH

The Last Black Man in San Francisco is the charming, elegiac tale of Jimmie Fails, a man trying to hold on to a San Francisco that no longer exists. Living across the water in Oakland, Jimmie dreams of a lost era when his family lived in a beautiful Victorian house in San Francisco, long before the tech industry changed the city into something colder, more manufactured, and less like home. Jimmie travels across the east bay every day and stealthily maintains the exterior of the house, mourning the fact the affluent white couple who moved in are allowing it to fall in disarray.

Joe Talbots first feature film is many things. Its an eccentric buddy comedy, on par in color and tonality with Wes Andersons works. Its a near-documentary, in its look at gang culture, gentrification, and the damaging effects of toxic masculinity. But ultimately, its a portrait of a break-up, showing how ones heart can be tethered to a place that ultimately does not love you back. Its a film that deserved more attention than it got, and should definitely be required viewing for anyone whos moved to San Francisco in pursuit of the American dream. GS

Theres a scene in Midnight Traveler, a documentary by Emelie Mahdavian, that has stuck with me probably more than any other this year: Hassan Fazili, forced out by the Taliban and deep into his familys journey from Afghanistan to Europe one he, his wife Fatima, and two daughters consistently film on their mobile phones recounts a story of personal terror in voiceover. The screen is full of landscapes and undramatic footage; Hassan doesnt need to show you the story to get its impact. In fact, filming his familys pain, what once felt like an act of artistic resilience, now feels ethically queasy. His meditation on the ethics of filming, of prioritizing the screen instead of the people in front of you, is one of the many surprising, deeply empathetic layers to this low-fi documentary that subverts any tropes in coverage of the migrants story.

The film, stitched together by Mahdavian using the familys cellphone footage and collected via a messenger over the Fazilis two-plus year journey, communicates a much-covered crisis in bracing honesty by putting the story of a familys formative years first. Its cadre of small, relatable moments singing in the kitchen, playing in the snow, a playful marriage quarrel make Midnight Traveler quietly revelatory. The Fazilis are buffeted by their circumstances but not defined by them; at every turn, it prizes experience and honesty over seeking sympathy. Few films have given me the illusion of understanding anothers journey this year more than Midnight Traveler; few films show more power in the quiet moments. AH

Graham Norton aside, Ian McKellen and Helen Mirren didnt do a lot of press for The Good Liar. It hasnt made a lot of money and it isnt figuring in the awards conversation. All of these are a pity, because its not just very well made, its also supremely entertaining one of few films Ive seen in recent years where I really wanted to know what happens next.

The pair meet on a genteel dating site. Shes a wealthy widow; hes a conman whos scented his next big score, and is faking it as a moderately hobbling old buffer. So far, so enjoyable. But the plot loops are more elaborate than that premise suggests; the stakes higher, the history rather more freighted. Around the halfway point you dont start wondering who is really scamming who; you start doubting almost everything youve seen before.

This isnt a knowing homage like Knives Out nor a glossily postmodern box of secrets, like Pain and Glory. Its just a straight-down-the-line thriller, built on a nest of twists, perched on shifting sands. It wont especially make you cry or laugh, or think differently about the world. But it completely commands your attention. For two hours, everything else is irrelevant. And sometimes thats enough. CS

Chinese auteur Jia Zhangke has for some time now been making brilliantly acute fables of modern China: a huge country undergoing a dislocating upheaval while still not fully recovered from the last one. His films tend to be oblique in intent, partly to enhance the ambiguous nature of their conclusions, but also useful in that in contrast to contemporaries such as Lou Ye Jia is not seen as a threat by censors.

Well, Ash Is the Purest White is a remarkable film: elliptical and not exactly user-friendly, but building with a granite-like power that profiles the chaotic birth of the communist-capitalist era at the turn of the millennium. Jia, appropriately, turns to the gangster-movie format to tell his story, at least at first. A local hoodlum, or jianghu, named Bin, gets the sniff of power in the grimy industrial town of Datong after his boss is murdered; his girlfriend Qiao is fiercely loyal but ready to disengage with the gang life. When Bin overreaches himself in a street fight with opposing goons, Qiao fires off a pistol and takes the rap and the prison sentence for Bin.

Ash Is the Purest White then heads into less conventional territory. After she gets out, Qiao realises Bin has moved away from Datong and abandoned her, and she tries to confront him. But the relationship, it seems, is beyond repair; her fortitude and fidelity of no account. Scrapping to survive in Chinas new era, she falls in briefly with a man who claims to be chasing UFOs and even appears to have some sort of extra-terrestrial vision herself. Bin, incapacitated by a stroke, returns to Datong, but their relationship is no happier in the long run.

As Peter Bradshaw says, this is a gripping parable for the vanity of human wishes; for all Qiaos commitment to burning as brightly and fiercely as the white volcanic ash she sees on a far-off mountain-top, its her fate to endure disappointment and dismay. And that, I think, is something we can all relate to. AP

There was an avalanche of festive films this year, seemingly more than ever with Netflix following in the footsteps of Lifetime and Hallmark by releasing a stockings worth of similarly low-budget and low-entertainment Christmas melodramas. But buried underneath the yellow snow, there was a finely wrapped gift, a surprising little gem that delivered a familiar assortment of ingredients but in strangely irresistible packaging. Crudely referred to as a teen Love Actually, Let It Snow focuses on a young, diverse ensemble and their romantic misadventures leading up to the big day. There are precisely zero surprises along the way but theres a wealth of chemistry between the charming cast and director Luke Snellin rises above the platform to craft a film that actually looks like it could be released in cinemas, rather than premiering on your smartphone. I was pleasantly surprised by Let It Snow, especially in comparison to the big-budget theatrical inanity of Emma Thompsons incompetent Last Christmas, and unlike that film, I can see myself unwrapping this one again next year. BL

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The best movies of 2019 that you haven't seen - The Guardian

With 5G arriving, the Supreme Court needs to rule on what digital privacy means – Pacific Legal Foundation (PLF)

The introduction of 5G data networks promises unbelievable advancements in the tech capabilities of every area of our lives. But 5G will also make it possible for government and law enforcement to use technology to gather data and information about Americans.

The Supreme Court has not yet ruled definitively on what qualifies as our constitutionally protected digital privacy. But there are two past Supreme Court decisions that set the stage for answering this question based on property rights on the one hand and societal expectations on the other.

The Court will likely use these two cases for guidance when deciding what digital privacy rights are protected by the Fourth Amendment, but privacy advocates should hope that the property rights approach will take precedence.

Katz v. United States

Katz v. United States was a 1967 Supreme Court case where Charles Katz sued the government because the FBI wiretapped a public phone booth to record him making illegal bets on basketball games. Katz sued claiming that the government violated his right to privacy because they wiretapped a public phone booth to gather evidence against him.

The Court ruled in favor of Katz and in their ruling set a precedent governing electronic wiretaps using peoples reasonable expectations of privacy. In short, the government isnt allowed to record a person if that person is somewhere where they can reasonably expect that their conduct will remain private (i.e., a public phone booth).

However, one of the biggest problems with this decisionespecially as technology has advancedis that its largely up to a judge to decide what qualifies as a reasonable expectation of privacy.

The Katz reasonable expectation of privacy test is not useful in terms of defining privacy in todays world (or the soon-to-be world of 5G), because it largely fails to defend conduct and data generated in public spaces or shared with businesses. And increasingly, everything is shared with businesses, especially internet and technology service providers. Under Katz, then, is it reasonable to expect privacy from a public traffic camera? Is your Facebook network public or private? What about the data that mobile phone applications share with marketing companies? The biggest problem with the precedent set by Katz is that all these questions are circumstantial and change almost constantly as technology advances and as societal expectations evolve. The governments own misconduct can even reduce constitutional protections under this rule.

United States v. Jones

In 2012, in United States v. Jones, the Court considered whether it was constitutional for law enforcement officers to attach a GPS device to a vehicle and track a drug trafficking suspects movements. The Court ruled that by attaching the device to the suspects car without a warrant, the government conducted an illegal search.

The Jones decision reinforced the trespass theory of Fourth Amendment law, which defines a search or seizure as any government interference with a person, house, papers, or effects. So when the police attached a GPS tracking device to Jones vehicle, they unconstitutionally trespassed on Jones effect (his vehicle). One advantage of the trespass theory is that it is not reliant on a judges channeling of societal opinions. Instead of having to decide what qualifies as a reasonable expectation of privacy, a court simply has to know whether the government trespassed on someones person, house, papers, or effects.

Because 5G will increase the amount of data and information people can transmit digitally, the trespass theory from Jones can guide the court by focusing efforts on defining the contractual relationships and property interests at play between service providers and end users.

Who owns data about you?

The court has not ruled definitively what aspects of a persons data they own in the constitutional privacy context. Do you own your internet search history? Do you own the GPS data from your phone showing where you travel throughout the day?

Justice Neil Gorsuch gave some insight into how the Court might view these issues from a Fourth Amendment perspective when he wrote about whether cellular location data deserves constitutional protection from warrantless searches. The Fourth Amendment protect tenants who lease a house from warrantless government entry, Gorsuch explained in his dissent from Carpenter v. United States, and a person has never been required to completely own something for it to be protected by the Fourth Amendment. In other words, if you live in a rented apartment (with a signed lease agreement), you dont have any fewer protections from the police breaking into your home without cause than does a homeowner. So the Fourth Amendment still protects peoples privacy in digital records over which they do not have complete ownership.

There are still questions about how much of a persons data they own and which contractual terms or property rules define this area. By understanding that the word papers applies to digital files and person applies to ones likeness (which is protected by a patchwork of intellectual property laws), the trespass theory can keep easy cases easy. If the government wants your credit card records, they should get a warrant, because theyre your papers. If the government wants to track your face around the country, they should get a warrant, because its your face.

Gaining clarity

Technology evolves quickly over the course of weeks and months. The law evolves slowly over the course of years and decades. Because of this, when it comes to protecting Americans digital privacy under the Fourth Amendment, there should be a clear and predictable benchmark that people, law enforcement, and the courts can use to know what digital privacy is constitutionally protected and what is not.

As we get closer to a 5G world, and as the courts consider more cases that deal with digital privacy, advocates for individual liberty should champion moving more toward Jones and away from Katz.

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With 5G arriving, the Supreme Court needs to rule on what digital privacy means - Pacific Legal Foundation (PLF)

A doorbell cam captured the confession of a suspect accused of murder – TechSpot

In context: Connected video doorbells are everywhere, and like it or not, police are using them to catch criminals. Some see it as the state trampling the Fourth Amendment rights of citizens, while agencies see it as another tool for catching bad guys. In a recent case, a doorbell recorded the confession of an alleged murderer.

According to Texas authorities, a video doorbell similar to Amazons Ring captured the confession of a murderer.

Former college football player Michael Egwuagu was apprehended on Friday for allegedly stabbing his sister to death last week. An autopsy revealed that 32-year-old Jennifer Chima Ebichi was stabbed multiple times and was three-months pregnant at the time of her death.

Fox News notes that the former University of Texas at San Antonio football player was captured by a doorbell cam leaving his sisters house shortly after the murder uttering the words, I killed Jennifer.

Neighbors said they heard screams and yelling at the womans house. When they went to investigate, they claim to have heard Egwuagus unrealized confession. The eye-witnesses also told KEYE-TV he was smiling when he left the house carrying a bloody kitchen knife.

A Travis County Sherriffs Office spokeswoman told reporters that first responders attempted to resuscitate Ebichi and her unborn child but were unsuccessful.

A judge indicted Egwuagu and set his bail at $500,000.

Earlier this year, Amazons Ring doorbells were the center of a privacy controversy when it was revealed that a company policy allowed police to obtain video footage from the devices when requested. Privacy advocates, including the ACLU, view it as a violation of the Fourth Amendment. Amazon admitted that it currently has video-sharing partnerships with more than 400 US law enforcement agencies.

Masthead credit: BrandonKleinVideo via Shutterstock

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A doorbell cam captured the confession of a suspect accused of murder - TechSpot

Worthington law enforcement continued to face litigation in 2019 | The Globe – The Globe

ACLU vs. NCSO

The ACLU filed a civil lawsuit against the Nobles County Sheriffs Office and Sheriff Kent Wilkening in August 2018 on the grounds that Wilkening was refusing to release inmates who met state release requirements without a warrant or probable cause at the behest of Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

The ACLU filed the lawsuit on the basis that immigration is a federal concern, and Minnesota sheriffs have no authority to enforce immigration law. Only ICE agents can arrest someone on immigration law charges.

Additionally, immigration is a civil matter, not a criminal one, the ACLU said in court documents.

Following the initial filing, the U.S. Department of Justice issued a statement saying that Wilkening detaining inmates on ICE holds is an efficient way to transfer custody. The DOJ claimed that under the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, Wilkenings actions were lawful.

While the case is being argued, Minnesota District Court issued a temporary restraining order requiring Wilkening to release inmates who have satisfied their release requirements. Wilkening and NCSO disputed this ruling in the Minnesota Court of Appeals, but the order was upheld.

The case is still active.

Mid-October saw the filing of a second suit, this time against the city of Worthington, the Worthington Police Department, Worthington Director of Public Safety Troy Appel, Officer Mark Riley and ride-along Evan Eggers regarding an incident in January in which law enforcement allegedly used excessive force during an arrest.

The ACLU complaint claims that plaintiff Kelvin Rodriguez of Sheldon, Iowa was driving through downtown Worthington when he spotted a police car. Seeing the vehicle made Rodriguez fearful because he understood Worthington to be a difficult place to be a person of color, the suit said, so he pulled into the Scholtes Auto World parking lot and fled on foot.

Seeing Rodriguez running, Riley and Eggers chased after him in the squad car. Dashcam footage shows Eggers and Riley get out of vehicle and chase Rodriguez behind a row of cars, where all that is visible is Rodriguez approaching the men with his hands up, then getting on the ground. After that, the video is obscured.

In the complaint, Rodriguez says that Eggers got to him first, kicking him in the back and holding his arm. When Riley arrived, the complaint says he put all of his weight on Rodriguez by kneeling on his back.

Rodriguez passed a breathalyzer test and was taken to jail because he ran from the police. Before transporting Rodriguez to Nobles County Jail, though, Riley learned that there had been an assault at The Tap earlier that evening, and one of the suspects had fled the scene.

The victim and a witness identified Rodriguez as the suspect, although Rodriguez claimed he had been driving a co-worker home from work. He accounted for his swollen left hand by saying he worked with knives at JBS.

A week after the lawsuit with the ACLU was filed, Rodriguez was convicted of disorderly conduct for the bar incident, for which he received a 90-day jail sentence that was stayed in favor of six months of probation and a $300 fine.

The ACLU suit claims that although Rodriguez was ultimately convicted, at the time that Riley and Eggers encountered him, they had no reason to suspect Rodriguez of a crime.

The lawsuit alleges that during Rodriguezs arrest, he made repeated requests for medical care, which were ignored for nearly an hour. When he finally did get medical attention, Rodriguez discovered he had four broken ribs that had pierced his liver and pancreas, a partially collapsed lung and internal bleeding. He spent five days in intensive care and amassed about $150,000 in medical expenses.

The ACLU is also concerned that Eggers, a civilian, acted as a police officer, and Riley made no attempt to subdue him.

Following Rodriguezs conviction, the police report from his arrest became publicly available. Riley said he couldnt see what was happening, either, but thought he heard Rodriguez slip and fall on the ice.

Eggers was not interviewed until five days later, at which time he corroborated Rileys claim that Rodriguez slipped on the ice.

The new information did not change the ACLUs position. An amended complaint states that the claim that Rodriguez slipped and fell on ice implies that that was the cause of his injuries. Both the ACLU and Rodriguez maintain that his injuries occurred as a result of the actions of Eggers and Riley. They assert that the dash cam footage clearly refutes the defendants claim.

The ACLUs desired outcome is a jury trial to seek both financial compensation and a declaration that the Worthington Police Department violated Rodriguezs Fourth Amendment rights.

The defendants deny each accusation in the complaint.

The matter will be settled in a five-day jury trial scheduled to begin April 20 unless the parties are otherwise able to come to an agreement.

The ACLU of Minnesota listed its Top 10 Victories of 2019 over the weekend. The Court of Appeals ruling in respect to the Nobles County case and the beginning of the suit against WPD were numbers five and six, respectively, on the list.

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Worthington law enforcement continued to face litigation in 2019 | The Globe - The Globe

The 12 Most Important and Stunning Quantum Experiments of 2019 – Livescience.com

The smallest scale events have giant consequences. And no field of science demonstrates that better than quantum physics, which explores the strange behaviors of mostly very small things. In 2019, quantum experiments went to new and even stranger places and practical quantum computing inched ever closer to reality, despite some controversies. These were the most important and surprising quantum events of 2019.

If one quantum news item from 2019 makes the history books, it will probably be a big announcement that came from Google: The tech company announced that it had achieved "quantum supremacy." That's a fancy way of saying that Google had built a computer that could perform certain tasks faster than any classical computer could. (The category of classical computers includes any machine that relies on regular old 1s and 0s, such as the device you're using to read this article.)

Google's quantum supremacy claim, if borne out, would mark an inflection point in the history of computing. Quantum computers rely on strange small-scale physical effects like entanglement, as well as certain basic uncertainties in the nano-universe, to perform their calculations. In theory, that quality gives these machines certain advantages over classical computers. They can easily break classical encryption schemes, send perfectly encrypted messages, run some simulations faster than classical computers can and generally solve hard problems very easily. The difficulty is that no one's ever made a quantum computer fast enough to take advantage of those theoretical advantages or at least no one had, until Google's feat this year.

Not everyone buys the tech company's supremacy claim though. Subhash Kak, a quantum skeptic and researcher at Oklahoma State University, laid out several of the reasons in this article for Live Science.

Read more about Google's achievement of quantum supremacy.

Another 2019 quantum inflection point came from the world of weights and measures. The standard kilogram, the physical object that defined the unit of mass for all measurements, had long been a 130-year-old, platinum-iridium cylinder weighing 2.2 lbs. and sitting in a room in France. That changed this year.

The old kilo was pretty good, barely changing mass over the decades. But the new kilo is perfect: Based on the fundamental relationship between mass and energy, as well as a quirk in the behavior of energy at quantum scales, physicists were able to arrive at a definition of the kilogram that won't change at all between this year and the end of the universe.

Read more about the perfect kilogram.

A team of physicists designed a quantum experiment that showed that facts actually change depending on your perspective on the situation. Physicists performed a sort of "coin toss" using photons in a tiny quantum computer, finding that the results were different at different detectors, depending on their perspectives.

"We show that, in the micro-world of atoms and particles that is governed by the strange rules of quantum mechanics, two different observers are entitled to their own facts," the experimentalists wrote in an article for Live Science. "In other words, according to our best theory of the building blocks of nature itself, facts can actually be subjective."

Read more about the lack of objective reality.

For the first time, physicists made a photograph of the phenomenon Albert Einstein described as "spooky action at a distance," in which two particles remain physically linked despite being separated across distances. This feature of the quantum world had long been experimentally verified, but this was the first time anyone got to see it.

Read more about the unforgettable image of entanglement.

In some ways the conceptual opposite of entanglement, quantum superposition is enables a single object to be in two (or more) places at once, a consequence of matter existing as both particles and waves. Typically, this is achieved with tiny particles like electrons.

But in a 2019 experiment, physicists managed to pull off superposition at the largest scale ever: using hulking, 2,000-atom molecules from the world of medical science known as "oligo-tetraphenylporphyrins enriched with fluoroalkylsulfanyl chains."

Read about the macro-scale achievement of superposition.

Under normal circumstances, heat can cross a vacuum in only one manner: in the form of radiation. (That's what you're feeling when the sun's rays cross space to beat on your face on a summer day.) Otherwise, in standard physical models, heat moves in two manners: First, energized particles can knock into other particles and transfer their energy. (Wrap your hands around a warm cup of tea to feel this effect.) Second, a warm fluid can displace a colder fluid. (That's what happens when you turn the heater on in your car, flooding the interior with warm air.) So without radiation, heat can't cross a vacuum.

But quantum physics, as usual, breaks the rules. In a 2019 experiment, physicists took advantage of the fact that at the quantum scale, vacuums aren't truly empty. Instead, they're full of tiny, random fluctuations that pop into and out of existence. At a small enough scale, the researchers found, heat can cross a vacuum by jumping from one fluctuation to the next across the apparently empty space.

Read more about heat leaping across the quantum vacuum of space.

This next finding is far from an experimentally verified discovery, and it's even well outside the realm of traditional quantum physics. But researchers working with quantum gravity a theoretical construct designed to unify the worlds of quantum mechanics and Einstein's general relativity showed that under certain circumstances an event might cause an effect that occurred earlier in time.

Certain very heavy objects can influence the flow of time in their immediate vicinity due to general relativity. We know this is true. And quantum superposition dictates that objects can be in multiple places at once. Put a very heavy object (like a big planet) in a state of quantum superposition, the researchers wrote, and you can design oddball scenarios where cause and effect take place in the wrong order.

Read more about cause and effect reversing.

Physicists have long known about a strange effect known as "quantum tunneling," in which particles seem to pass through seemingly impassable barriers. It's not because they're so small that they find holes, though. In 2019, an experiment showed how this really happens.

Quantum physics says that particles are also waves, and you can think of those waves as probability projections for the location of the particle. But they're still waves. Smash a wave against a barrier in the ocean, and it will lose some energy, but a smaller wave will appear on the other side. A similar effect occurs in the quantum world, the researchers found. And as long as there's a bit of probability wave left on the far side of the barrier, the particle has a chance of making it through the obstruction, tunneling through a space where it seems it should not fit.

Read more about the amazing quantum tunneling effect.

This was a big year for ultra-high-pressure physics. And one of the boldest claims came from a French laboratory, which announced that it had created a holy grail substance for materials science: metallic hydrogen. Under high enough pressures, such as those thought to exist at the core of Jupiter, single-proton hydrogen atoms are thought to act as an alkali metal. But no one had ever managed to generate pressures high enough to demonstrate the effect in a lab before. This year, the team said they'd seen it at 425 gigapascals (4.2 million times Earth's atmospheric pressure at sea level). Not everyone buys that claim, however.

Read more about metallic hydrogen.

Zap a mass of supercooled atoms with a magnetic field, and you'll see "quantum fireworks": jets of atoms firing off in apparently random directions. Researchers suspected there might be a pattern in the fireworks, but it wasn't obvious just from looking. With the aid of a computer, though, researchers discovered a shape to the fireworks effect: a quantum turtle. No one's yet sure why it takes that shape, however.

Read more about the quantum turtle.

Time's supposed to move in only one direction: forward. Spill some milk on the ground, and there's no way to perfectly dry out the dirt and return that same clean milk back into the cup. A spreading quantum wave function doesn't unspread.

Except in this case, it did. Using a tiny, two-qubit quantum computer, physicists were able to write an algorithm that could return every ripple of a wave to the particle that created it unwinding the event and effectively turning back the arrow of time.

Read more about reversing time's arrow.

A nice feature of quantum computers, which rely on superpositions rather than 1s and 0s, is their ability to play out multiple calculations at once. That advantage is on full display in a new quantum prediction engine developed in 2019. Simulating a series of connected events, the researchers behind the engine were able to encode 16 possible futures into a single photon in their engine. Now that's multitasking!

Read more about the 16 possible futures.

Originally published on Live Science.

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The 12 Most Important and Stunning Quantum Experiments of 2019 - Livescience.com

Superconductor or not? They’re exploring the identity crisis of this weird quantum material. – News@Northeastern

Northeastern researchers have used a powerful computer model to probe a puzzling class of copper-based materials that can be turned into superconductors. Their findings offer tantalizing clues for a decades-old mystery, and a step forward for quantum computing.

The ability of a material to let electricity flow comes from the way electrons within their atoms are arranged. Depending on these arrangements, or configurations, all materials out there are either insulators or conductors of electricity.

But cuprates, a class of mysterious materials that are made from copper oxides, are famous in the scientific community for having somewhat of an identity issue that can make them both insulators and conductors.

Under normal conditions, cuprates are insulators: materials that inhibit the flow of electrons. But with tweaks to their composition, they can transform into the worlds best superconductors.

The finding of this kind of superconductivity in 1986 won its discoverers a Nobel Prize in 1987, and fascinated the scientific community with a world of possibilities for improvements to supercomputing and other crucial technologies.

But with fascination came 30 years of bewilderment: Scientists have not been able to fully decipher the arrangement of electrons that encodes for superconductivity in cuprates.

Mapping the electronic configuration of these materials is arguably one of the toughest challenges in theoretical physics, says Arun Bansil, University Distinguished Professor of physics at Northeastern. And, he says, because superconductivity is a weird phenomenon that only happens at temperatures as low as -300 F (or about as cold as it gets on Uranus), figuring out the mechanisms that make it possible in the first place could help researchers make superconductors that work at room temperature.

Now, a team of researchers that includes Bansil and Robert Markiewicz, a professor of physics at Northeastern, is presenting a new way to model these strange mechanisms that lead to superconductivity in cuprates.

In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the team accurately predicted the behavior of electrons as they move to enable superconductivity in a group of cuprates known as yttrium barium copper oxides.

In these cuprates, the study finds, superconductivity emerges from many types of electron configurations. A whopping 26 of them, to be specific.

During this transition phase, the material will in essence become some kind of a soup of different phases, Bansil says. The split personalities of these wonderful materials are being now revealed for the first time.

The physics within cuprate superconductors are intrinsically weird. Markiewicz thinks of that complexity as the classical Indian myth of the blind men and the elephant, which has been a joke for decades among theoretical physicists who study cuprates.

According to the myth, blind men meet an elephant for the first time, and try to understand what the animal is by touching it. But because each of them touches only one part of its bodythe trunk, tail, or legs, for examplethey all have a different (and limited) concept of what an elephant is.

In the beginning, we all looked [at cuprates] in different ways, Markiewicz says. But we knew that, sooner or later, the right way was going to show up.

The mechanisms behind cuprates could also help explain the puzzling physics behind other materials that turn into superconductors at extreme temperatures , Markiewicz says, and revolutionize the way they can be used to enable quantum computing and other technologies that process data at ultra-fast speeds.

Were trying to understand how they come together in the real cuprates that are used in experiments, Markiewicz says.

The challenge of modeling cuprate superconductors comes down to the weird field of quantum mechanics, which studies the behavior and movement of the tiniest bits of matterand the strange physical rules that govern everything at the scale of atoms.

In any given materialsay, the metal in your smartphoneelectrons contained within just the space of a fingertip could amount to the number one followed by 22 zeros, Bansil says. Modeling the physics of such a massive number of electrons has been extremely challenging ever since the field of quantum mechanics was born.

Bansil likes to think of this complexity as butterflies inside a jar flying fast and cleverly to avoid colliding with each other. In a conducting material, electrons also move around. And because of a combination of physical forces, they also avoid each other. Those characteristics are at the core of what makes it hard to model cuprate materials.

The problem with the cuprates is that they are at the border between being a metal and an insulator, and you need a calculation that is so good that it can systematically capture that crossover, Markiewicz says. Our new modeling can capture this behavior.

The team includes researchers from Tulane University, Lappeenranta University of Technology in Finland, and Temple University. The researchers are the first to model the electronic states in the cuprates without adding parameters by hand to their computations, which physicists have had to do in the past.

To do that, the researchers modeled the energy of atoms of yttrium barium copper oxides at their lowest levels. Doing that allows researchers to trace electrons as they excite and move around, which in turn helps describe the mechanisms supporting the critical transition into superconductivity.

That transition, known as the pseudogap phase in the material, could be described simply as a door, Bansil says. In an insulator, the structure of the material is like a closed door that lets no one through. If the door is wide openas it would be for a conductorelectrons pass through easily.

But in materials that experience this pseudogap phase, that door would be slightly open. The dynamics of what transforms that door into a really wide open door (or, superconductor) remains a mystery, but the new model captures 26 electron configurations that could do it.

With our ability to now do this first-principles-parameter-free-type of modeling, we are in a position to actually go further, and hopefully begin to understand this pseudogap phase a bit better, Bansil says.

For media inquiries, please contact Mike Woeste at m.woeste@northeastern.edu or 617-373-5718.

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Superconductor or not? They're exploring the identity crisis of this weird quantum material. - News@Northeastern

A Quantum Physicist Recommends The Rule of Three To Simplify Complex Ideas – Forbes

Science teacher write scientific formulas and calculations in physics and mathematics on blackboard

In its simplest definition, quantum physics studies the smallest things in the universe and seeks to explain how everything workshow the particles of nature interact. It gets much more complicated from there.

Thats why I was intrigued by a recent article on the TED Talks blog about a physicist who explains how to communicate complex ideas to the average listener. The post is based on Dominic Wallimans TEDx talk titled, Quantum Physics for 7 Year Olds.

Among Wallimans tips: Dont go too far down the rabbit hole.

Its better to explain, say, three things that someone will understand rather than barrage them with a whole load of information, says Walliman.

Wallimans right and, not surprisingly, his tip is backed by science.

Regular readers of my column know that Im a fan of using the rule of three in communication. Photographers and artists follow the rule of thirds, a guideline to compose images that make them visually appealing. The rule applies to effective communication, too. Simply put, in short-term memory we have the capacity to remember only three or four things.

The rule of three is prevalent in fairy tales (three little pigs, three bears), influential documents (life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness), works of literature and contemporary marketing. For example, this morning I poured almond milk on my cereal. The carton read: 3 Simple Reasons to Love Silk Almond milk (nutrition, taste, added calcium).Effective marketers know better than to bombard consumers with too much information. Three is a simple guideline.

The TED post uses the following example to show readers how saying less is more effective.

Lets say you and a friend are in an art museum. You see a painting you love and one that you studied in college but you can see that your friend doesnt quite know what to make of it. You may feel tempted to explain every single thing you know about this particular work, telling her about the artists life and career, the materials and techniques used, the movement that the artist is part of, and so on...

The article recommends that you focus on one, two orat mostthree interesting facts about the artist or the painting. Your friend will appreciate the insight without getting bored. Above all, resist the temptation to tell your listener everything you know. You might think it makes you sound smart, but itll put your listener to sleep.

In your next presentation, give your audience three reasons to listen to your pitch. Reveal three features of your new product. Explain three reasons why they should invest in your startup. Once you start adding too much information, you risk losing them completely.

Most of us love to learn but we can absorb only so much at a time. Avoid bombarding people with too much knowledge at once, says Walliman. When it comes to communication, dont feel as though you have to reinvent the wheel. Weve known the rules of persuasion for thousands of yearsand the rule of three is fundamental.

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A Quantum Physicist Recommends The Rule of Three To Simplify Complex Ideas - Forbes

Photo: Anushka Sharma is one attentive student as her father explains quantum physics – Times of India

After spending her New Year vacation in Switzerland with husband Virat Kohli, Anushka Sharma is back home and is now spending quality time with her family.She recently took to her Instagram handle to share a picture with her fans where she is seen sitting with her beloved father as he diligently explains quantum physics to her. The actress is also seen listening to him with peak interest.Check out the picture here: She captioned the picture as, Back to school. Dad explaining quantum physics theory to me with great detail and peak interest from me.Dressed in blue top and blue tights, Anushka looks pretty as usual. Her father, on the other hand, looked dapper in his olive green tee. On the work front, Anushka was last seen in Aanand L Rais Zero which also starred Katrina Kaif and Shah Rukh Khan in the lead roles. She is yet to announce her next.

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Photo: Anushka Sharma is one attentive student as her father explains quantum physics - Times of India

How the Extreme Art of Dropping Stuff Could Upend Physics – WIRED

Babies love it, and Galileo supposedly tried it: Drop some objects from on high, and see how fast they fall. According to Einsteins theory of general relativity, all objects in Earths gravity, regardless of mass, should descend at the same rate in the absence of air resistance. But there are plenty of reasons to believe this might not be true. Some physicists think that under certain circumstances, objects might fall slightly faster or slowerand theyre going to extreme lengths to try to spot such glitches.

In a recent paper in Physical Review Letters, physicists in France recount perhaps the most ambitious test of gravity to date: dropping stuff from space. Once you go to space, you can throw your object, and it will be in free fall for a long time, says physicist Aurlien Hees of the Paris Observatory, a member of the team. The longer you watch two objects fall, the more obvious their discrepancies become.

In the experiment, the researchers buckled two metal cylinders inside a satellite called Microscope, launched them into low-Earth orbit, and measured how the cylinders fell around Earth for two years. Inside the satellite, they used glorified seat belts to secure the cylinders, each made of a different metal alloy. As the satellite hurtled 440 miles overhead, the smart seat belts measured the force required to keep each cylinder in place. Should one cylinder require more force to stay still, that would indicate its free-fall acceleration was faster than its neighbors. If a deviation in gravity existed, surely this years-long drop would reveal it.

But it didnt. The physicists found that the two cylinders fell at identical rates, within two-trillionths of a percent of each otherconfirming Einsteins theory of gravity yet again with almost 100 times more precision than any prior experiment. There was no deviation from general relativity, says Hees.

That was kind of a bummer. In particular, physicists had hoped the experiment would refute one fundamental assumption of general relativity: that the laws of gravity are the same for all objects, regardless of their location, speed, and orientation. Whether its the moon orbiting Earth, Earth orbiting the sun, or two cylinders falling toward the planet, general relativity says that they all obey identical equations. Physicists refer to this assumed consistency of gravity throughout the universe as Lorentz symmetry, and it reflects the deepest symmetry in the nature of spacetime, says physicist Alan Kostelecky of Indiana University, who was not involved in the work.

Beautiful as that symmetry may be, physicists like Kostelecky suspect that it doesnt actually exist. Physicists have long known that general relativity is incomplete, as it contradicts the reigning description of the very small: quantum mechanics. You can think of quantum mechanics and general relativity as two pieces of a larger puzzle whose shapes dont snap together, says Kostelecky. Many theories attempt to reshape the puzzle pieces by allowing gravity to behave slightly differently under certain conditions.

With the Microscope test a bust, researchers are pinning their hopes on other methods. Physicists at Cern are developing multiple experiments in which they drop antimatter atoms and compare them to regular atoms. No one has ever measured an antimatter particle falling, so the hope is its behavior can reveal something new about gravity. In an experiment called Aegis, for example, the plan is to launch antimatter atoms like cannonballs and measure how far they drop, says physicist Michael Doser, spokesperson for the team. So far, the team has successfully produced antihydrogen, the antimatter version of a hydrogen atom, and they are now building and testing parts of the apparatus to perform the antimatter launch in a few years.

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How the Extreme Art of Dropping Stuff Could Upend Physics - WIRED

Remembering Erwin Schrodinger: All about the famous thought experiment ‘Schrodinger’s cat’ and facts on the Nobel-winner – India Today

On his death anniversary, here are some interestig facts about physicist Erwin Schrodinger

Erwin Schrodinger was a renowned physicist who made several notable contributions to the world of physics. He was also awarded the Nobel Prize for his fundamental contributions to the quantum theory.

In addition to being a physicist, he was also a well known author who published a lot of his findings in the various fields of physics.

Erwin Schrodinger conducted a thought experiment, which is now known as 'Schrodinger's cat', after getting inspired from Albert Einstien's idea.

The experiment involved a cat set inside a box along with a flask of poison and a radioactive source. If any of the radioactive particle decays, the flask will shatter, killing the cat. It is assumed that the radioactive particle will decay in the first hour but it is not known for sure, thus posing the conclusion that the cat is both dead and alive.

About his thought experiment, Schrodinger wrote the following:

This experiment is considered one of the biggest dilemmas in the world of physics. This experiment also poses the question "when does a quantum system stop existing as a superposition of states and become one or the other?"

Read: How Savitribai Phule, India's first female teacher, dealt with abusers hell bent on preventing her from educating girls

Read: Remembering CV Raman: 11 facts about the Nobel laureate in Science

Read: Remembering Elie Wiesel, the Holocaust survivor who won the Nobel Peace Prize

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Remembering Erwin Schrodinger: All about the famous thought experiment 'Schrodinger's cat' and facts on the Nobel-winner - India Today

The best recent poetry review roundup – The Guardian

John McCullough has a reputation for crafting lyric poems of the everyday with a surreal twist. In Reckless Paper Birds (Penned in the Margins, 9.99), his third collection and shortlisted for the Costa prize for poetry, the familiar yet strange is rarely more than a stanza away. As if Frank OHaras Lunch Poems jumped headlong into our 21st century, McCulloughs lines sing of Lady Gaga, Instagram and house music, plastic cats that raise huge paws in a city where there are many ways / to guzzle the scenery. Please dont touch me, my head falls off, reads the sign around the neck of a huge Playmobil figure in one poem; McCulloughs eye may be drawn to all manner of cultural detritus, but he is often able to find emotion and significance. Historys peculiarities also surface: Queer-Cole takes its name from the antiquated term for counterfeit money, blurring historical object with contemporary hurt and prejudice.

How does the Sun flow? asks Katrina Porteouss Edge (Bloodaxe, 12). Its secrets / Darker than an oceans strangeness. First broadcast as a Poetry Please special on Radio 4, the books title sequence charts the tidal fly-bys of four moons in our solar system, while the rest of the collection attempts to concentrate the complexities of quantum physics into poetry. There are copious notes to satisfy those curious about the science, but the poems typically stand alone. When the little ideas slip into their bodies like clothes / They step through the mirror, enter / An irreducible level of noise. Though inevitably prone to terminology and littered with question marks, Edge manages to find images adequate to the task of describing the marvel that is the universe, at both micro and macro levels: The ghostly / immaterial numbers // Dancing all night / In the mirrored ballroom.

Another collection intent on expanding poetrys province is David Wilsons The Equilibrium Line (Smith|Doorstop, 9.95). Shortlisted for the Boardman Tasker award for mountain literature, these precise, neat poems explore climbing in all its forms, from the three hundred million year old long slab of Gritstone Solo, to a tattoo of TS Eliot, spotted between Jos shoulder blades at the indoor wall. Wilson has an eye for the vivid image, allowing him to bring distant landscapes into sharp focus: the single bivouac light / on the black mass of Argentire Wall, / its tiny flame in a mineral world. He is also able to shed light on climbings unusual appeal, when held in place / by drystone walls / green fields bring / my mind to order.

Tom Sastrys debut collection, A Mans House Catches Fire (Nine Arches, 9.99), combines disarmingly plain diction with a familiar quirkiness. Many of the poems opening lines immediately grab your attention, before hurriedly expanding on a given conceit. The dead pass through turnstiles into the earth, begins Underground, conflating the mythical and the real to unnerving effect. There is a strikingly contemporary voice in Sastrys best writing: He said fucking and that was important declares one poem, while another wonders how you breathe out, like it really means something; and when Sastry brings this easy charm to candid reflections on friendship, love, loss and human frailty, the results are moving and thought provoking.

Ben Wilkinsons Way More Than Luck is published by Seren.

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The best recent poetry review roundup - The Guardian

Science in the 2010s: Physics – Labmate Online

The 2010s have been an incredibly exciting decade for science, with the physics sphere pioneering some tremendous breakthroughs. With the decade now drawing to a close, it's time to look back and gain perspective on how far physics has come in the past 10 years.

In 2013 Franois Englert and PeterHiggswere awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider.

2018 saw the release of an initial batch of data from the colossal Dark Energy Survey(DES) project, which exists to detect hidden patterns in the structure of the universe, map hundreds of millions of galaxies and track more than 14 billion years of intergalactic history.

This year scientists used the powerful Event HorizonTelescope to unlock a behind-the-scenes glimpse of a black hole at the centre of the Messier 87 supergiant elliptical galaxy. We have seen what we thought was unseeable, said Sheperd Doeleman, one of the American astrophysicists involved with the project.

2019 also saw scientists embrace a new definition of kilogram based on Plancks constant, a fundamental physics factor. The goal was to base all scientific units on universal constants to ensure accuracy and precision. Definitions for units used to measure electrical current, temperature and particle content were also improved.

In 2018 researchers at the University of Basel pioneered a quantum physics experiment to prove there are two types of water ortho and para. The first is made up of hydrogen atoms with quantum spins pointing in the same direction, while the second features spins pointing in opposite directions.

Want to know more about defining scientific breakthroughs of the decade? 'The Separation and Purification of Glutamine Derivatives by C18AQ Reversed Phase' explores the benefits of combining SepaFlashTM C18AQ cartridge with a flash chromatography system SepaBeanTM machine.

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Lars Jaeger: Science in the Fight Against Populist Programs – finews.asia

Only from the 12th century onwards did knowledge begin to become self-referential. And this is exactly what the populists are now trying to turn around, Lars Jaeger writes in his essay on finews.first.

This article is published on finews.first, a forum for authors specialized in economic and financial topics.

It is sometimes quite banal experiences, conversations or incidents that open our eyes to the drama of social developments. A professionally esteemed colleague at work who doubts the theory of evolution, internet bloggers who loudly proclaim that Einsteins theory of relativity cannot be correct, the mother-in-law, who vehemently fights against the vaccination of her grandchildren or the friend who unexpectedly presents himself as a climate skeptic.

A cautious objection that in all these respects science makes unambiguous statements and that the experts agree to 99 percent is then wiped away with the reference Oh, the scientists, they dont know any better. They do not agree 100 percent or even They are paid to make these statements.

It is precisely the increasing dependence of science on commercial interests that should concern us

It seems contradictory: people trust science in principle but also associate it with strong conflicts of interest. Scientists are paid, they say, often with the appendix by the government. But what is supposed to sound scandalous on closer inspection turns out to be a banality: Should researchers perhaps work for free? The fact that most research institutions, and thus financial sponsors, are government institutions has proven to be very helpful for society.

For it is precisely the increasing dependence of science on commercial interests that should concern us. For all the positive developmental dynamics of the interaction of entrepreneurial spirit and scientific creativity that have triggered the enormous increase in economic prosperity over the last 200 years, it seems rather uncanny to most people to let the profit motives of technology investors, the ideology of the Silicon Valley transhumanists or, more generally, the capitalist (or military) logic of exploitation decide on our all future.

There is a second development within the sciences that accommodates its populist opponents

And the example of China shows us what we will encounter when an all-powerful state outside democratic structures controls scientific and technological progress.

In addition, there is a second development within the sciences that accommodates its populist opponents. Beginning with modern physics at the beginning of the 20th century, it increasingly abandoned any belief in the possibility of absolute certainty. Thus, Newtons idea of absolute space or absolute time had to be replaced by the relational space-time of Einsteins theory of relativity, which for non-physicists is barely comprehensible.

Even more drastic was the realization that a quantum object is both wave and particle at the same time and that the laws that apply in the microcosm are completely different from those of our macrocosm. The scientists had to learn to live with complementary truths, i.e. not A or B is true, but A and B can both be true at the same time.

The price for our knowledge gain is high we now have nothing left to hold on to

The final deathblow for the philosophical claim for ultimate and substantiating truths was the new concept of objects in quantum physics: Following that time is no longer absolute, physicists claim further that in the microcosm there should no longer be any real and independently existing objects, no objective reality and thus no absolute certainty. It is a paradox: The more knowledge we gained, the less we could hope that there is an ultimate truth.

Thus, the price for our knowledge gain is high we now have nothing left to hold on to. In a process lasting over three centuries, mankind has gradually robbed itself of all its laboriously built up certainties.

We have lost the absolute and eternal truth. This is a good thing because that is not the way the world works. All the more important are the scientific truths, they help us to find our way in our world. These truths are not dogmas, because they are constantly put to the test, for example through experiments and rational discourse with colleagues; they can be rejected and reformulated at any time, depending on the facts. As already Galilei recognized, this is the great strength of science.

These points play into the hands of today's populists, simplifiers and opponents of science

All these losses of truths have consequences for the human psyche. Unique truths, clear spiritual foundations, and unshakable principles are obviously important for us to find our way in the world. The vacuum left by the loss of old certainties creates deep insecurity within us. Thus, in view of the complexity of social, political, economic and scientific issues, for many people, an escape route leads to the past, where everything was supposedly easier and better.

Slogans like The theory of relativity is illogical. Newton was right are more attractive than struggling through the mathematical complexity of modern physics, just as Make America Great Again or There is no man-made climate change sounds better to many ears than the discussion about complex international trade relations or non-linear global meteorological effects caused by the warming of our atmosphere.

These two points, the quite real danger of an exclusively capitalist logic of exploitation of new scientific knowledge and the flight into simple truths, play into the hands of todays populists, simplifiers and opponents of science. Their success lies in the distorting simplification of intellectually demanding social and scientific contexts and the conspiratorial reference to the belief that scientists only follow their own interests.

The populists, on the other hand, are not concerned with increasing knowledge, but with affirming faith

But who says that populists, relativity critics, opponents of evolution and climate change deniers are not allowed to know what they want with the same claim as scientists? What is the difference between scientific truth and populist truth? The difference lies in the motivation of those involved. Scientists want to increase their knowledge in a world full of uncertainties unconstrained, sincere, rational and methodical. To achieve this, they have powerful virtues of science at their disposal:

The populists, on the other hand, are not concerned with increasing knowledge, but with affirming faith. They presuppose clear, unquestionable truths; what does not correspond to their truth is fought with the means of power, not with those of argument or fact. This is literally a step back into the early Middle Ages when there was no self-referential attitude towards ones own knowledge. At that time, knowledge served a foreign purpose, mostly that of confirming particular beliefs.

Only from the 12th century onwards did knowledge begin to become self-referential. And this is exactly what the populists are now trying to turn around. Once again, we must counter this fatal trend!

Lars Jaeger is a Swiss-German author and investment manager. He writes on the history and philosophy of science and technology and has in the past been an author on hedge funds, quantitative investing, and risk management. He is the founder and CEO of Alternative Beta Partners and currently serves asset manager GAM as Head of Alternative Risk Premia. There is an extended version of this article.

Previous contributions: Rudi Bogni, Peter Kurer, Oliver Berger, Rolf Banz, Dieter Ruloff, Werner Vogt, Walter Wittmann, Alfred Mettler, Peter Hody, Robert Holzach, Craig Murray, David Zollinger, Arthur Bolliger, Beat Kappeler, Chris Rowe, Stefan Gerlach, Marc Lussy, Nuno Fernandes, Richard Egger, Maurice Pedergnana, Marco Bargel, Steve Hanke, Urs Schoettli, Ursula Finsterwald, Stefan Kreuzkamp, Oliver Bussmann, Michael Benz, Peter Hody, Albert Steck, Martin Dahinden, Thomas Fedier, Alfred Mettler,Brigitte Strebel, Peter Hody, Mirjam Staub-Bisang, Nicolas Roth, Thorsten Polleit, Kim Iskyan, Stephen Dover, Denise Kenyon-Rouvinez, Christian Dreyer, Kinan Khadam-Al-Jame, Robert Hemmi,Anton Affentranger,Yves Mirabaud, Katharina Bart, Frdric Papp, Hans-Martin Kraus, Gerard Guerdat, MarioBassi, Stephen Thariyan, Dan Steinbock, Rino Borini,Bert Flossbach, Michael Hasenstab, Guido Schilling, Werner E. Rutsch,Dorte Bech Vizard, Adriano B. Lucatelli, Katharina Bart, Maya Bhandari, Jean Tirole, Hans Jakob Roth,Marco Martinelli, Thomas Sutter,Tom King,Werner Peyer, Thomas Kupfer, Peter Kurer,Arturo Bris,Frederic Papp,James Syme, DennisLarsen, Bernd Kramer, Ralph Ebert, Armin Jans,Nicolas Roth, Hans Ulrich Jost, Patrick Hunger, Fabrizio Quirighetti,Claire Shaw, Peter Fanconi,Alex Wolf, Dan Steinbock, Patrick Scheurle, Sandro Occhilupo, Will Ballard, Michael Bornhaeusser, Nicholas Yeo, Claude-Alain Margelisch, Jean-Franois Hirschel, Jens Pongratz, Samuel Gerber, Philipp Weckherlin, Anne Richards, Antoni Trenchev, Benoit Barbereau, Pascal R. Bersier, Shaul Lifshitz, Klaus Breiner, Ana Botn, Martin Gilbert, Jesper Koll, Ingo Rauser, Carlo Capaul, Claude Baumann, Markus Winkler, Konrad Hummler, Thomas Steinemann, Christina Boeck, Guillaume Compeyron, Miro Zivkovic, Alexander F. Wagner, Eric Heymann, Christoph Sax, Felix Brem, Jochen Moebert, Jacques-Aurlien Marcireau, Peter Hody, Ursula Finsterwald, Claudia Kraaz, Michel Longhini, Stefan Blum, Zsolt Kohalmi, Karin M. Klossek, Nicolas Ramelet, Sren Bjnness, Lamara von Albertini, Andreas Britt, Gilles Prince, Fabrizio Pagani, Darren Willams, Salman Ahmed, Stephane Monier, and Peter van der Welle, Swetha Ramachandran, Beat Wittmann, Ken Orchard, Michael Welti, Christian Gast, Didier Saint-Georges, Jeffrey Bohn, Juergen Braunstein, Jeff Voegeli, Grard Piasko, Fiona Frick, Jean Keller, Stefan Schneider, Lars Jaeger, Matthias Hunn, Andreas Vetsch, Teodoro Cocca, Fabiana Fedeli, Claude Baumann, Marionna Wegenstein, Kim Fournais, Carole Millet and Ralph Ebert.

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Lars Jaeger: Science in the Fight Against Populist Programs - finews.asia

In the Next 50 Years Our Place in the Universe Will Change Dramatically Heres How – SciTechDaily

In 1900, so the story goes, prominent physicist Lord Kelvin addressed the British Association for the Advancement of Science with these words: There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now.

How wrong he was. The following century completely turned physics on its head. A huge number of theoretical and experimental discoveries have transformed our understanding of the universe, and our place within it.

Dont expect the next century to be any different. The universe has many mysteries that still remain to be uncovered and new technologies will help us to solve them over the next 50 years.

The first concerns the fundamentals of our existence. Physics predicts that the Big Bang produced equal amounts of the matter you are made of and something called antimatter. Most particles of matter have an antimatter twin, identical but with the opposite electric charge. When the two meet, they annihilate each other, with all their energy converted into light.

But the universe today is made almost entirely out of matter. So where has all the antimatter gone?

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has offered some insight into this question. It collides protons at unimaginable speeds, creating heavy particles of matter and antimatter that decay into lighter particles, several of which had never been seen before.

The LHC has shown that matter and antimatter decay at slightly different rates. This goes part but nowhere near all of the way to explaining why we see an asymmetry in nature.

The LHCs 27km collider is nothing compared to whats coming. Credit: Anna Pantelia/CERN

The problem is that compared to the precision physicists are used to, the LHC is like playing table tennis with a tennis racquet. As protons are made up of smaller particles, when they collide their innards get sprayed all over the place, making it much harder to spot new particles among the debris. This makes it difficult to accurately measure their properties for further clues to why so much antimatter has disappeared.

Three new colliders will change the game in the coming decades. Chief among them is the Future Circular Collider (FCC) a 100km tunnel encircling Geneva, which will use the 27km LHC as a slipway. Instead of protons, the colliders will smash together electrons and their antiparticles, positrons, at much higher speeds than the LHC could achieve.

Unlike protons, electrons and positrons are indivisible so well know exactly what were colliding. Well also be able to vary the energy at which the two collide, to produce specific antimatter particles, and measure their properties particularly the way they decay much more accurately.

These investigations could reveal entirely new physics. One possibility is that the disappearance of antimatter could be related to the existence of dark matter the thus far undetectable particles that make up a whopping 85% of mass in the universe. The absence of antimatter and prevalence of dark matter probably owe themselves to the conditions present during the Big Bang, so these experiments probe right into the origins of our existence.

Its impossible to predict how as-yet hidden discoveries from collider experiments will change our lives. But the last time we looked at the world through a more powerful magnifying glass, we discovered subatomic particles and the world of quantum mechanics which were currently harnessing to revolutionize computing, medicine, and energy production.

Just as much remains to be discovered on the cosmic scale not least the age-old question of whether were alone in the universe. Despite the recent discovery of liquid water on Mars, there is not yet any evidence of microbial life. Even if found, the planets harsh environment means it would be incredibly primitive.

Artists rendering of the James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: Northrop Grumman

The search for life on planets in other star systems has so far not borne fruit. But the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope, launching in 2021, will revolutionize the way that we detect habitable exoplanets.

Unlike previous telescopes, which measure the dip in a stars light as an orbiting planet passes in front of it, James Webb will use an instrument called a coronagraph to block the light from a star entering the telescope. This works in much the same way as using your hand to block sunlight from entering your eyes. The technique will allow the telescope to directly observe small planets that would ordinarily be overwhelmed by the bright glare of the star they orbit.

Not only will the James Webb telescope be able to detect new planets, but it will also be able to determine if theyre able to support life. When the light from a star reaches a planets atmosphere, certain wavelengths are absorbed, leaving gaps in the reflected spectrum. Much like a barcode, these gaps provide a signature for the atoms and molecules of which the planets atmosphere is made.

The telescope will be able to read these barcodes to detect whether a planets atmosphere has the necessary conditions for life. In 50 years time, we could have targets for future interstellar space missions to determine what, or who, may live there.

Closer to home, Jupiters moon, Europa, has been identified as somewhere in our own solar system that could harbor life. Despite its cold temperature (220C), gravitational forces from the ultra-massive planet it orbits may slosh water beneath the surface around sufficiently to prevent it from freezing, making it a possible home for microbial or even aquatic life.

A new mission called Europa Clipper, set for launch in 2025, will confirm whether a sub-surface ocean exists and identify a suitable landing site for a subsequent mission. It will also observe jets of liquid water fired out from the planets icy surface to see if any organic molecules are present.

Whether its the tiniest building blocks of our existence or the vastness of space, the universe still holds a number of mysteries about its workings and our place within it. It will not give up its secrets easily but the chances are that the universe will look fundamentally different in 50 years time.

Written by Robin Smith, Lecturer in Physics at Sheffield Hallam University.

Originally published on The Conversation.

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In the Next 50 Years Our Place in the Universe Will Change Dramatically Heres How - SciTechDaily