Nanotechnology – How Stuff Works – HowStuffWorks "Science"

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There's an unprecedented multidisciplinary convergence of scientists dedicated to the study of a world so small, we can't see it -- even with a light microscope. That world is the field of nanotechnology, the realm of atoms and nanostructures. Nanotechnology is so new, no one is really sure what will come of it. Even so, predictions range from the ability to reproduce things like diamonds and food to the world being devoured by self-replicating nanorobots.

In order to understand the unusual world of nanotechnology, we need to get an idea of the units of measure involved. A centimeter is one-hundredth of a meter, a millimeter is one-thousandth of a meter, and a micrometer is one-millionth of a meter, but all of these are still huge compared to the nanoscale. A nanometer (nm) is one-billionth of a meter, smaller than the wavelength of visible light and a hundred-thousandth the width of a human hair [source: Berkeley Lab].

As small as a nanometer is, it's still large compared to the atomic scale. An atom has a diameter of about 0.1 nm. An atom's nucleus is much smaller -- about 0.00001 nm. Atoms are the building blocks for all matter in our universe. You and everything around you are made of atoms. Nature has perfected the science of manufacturing matter molecularly. For instance, our bodies are assembled in a specific manner from millions of living cells. Cells are nature's nanomachines. At the atomic scale, elements are at their most basic level. On the nanoscale, we can potentially put these atoms together to make almost anything.

In a lecture called "Small Wonders:The World of Nanoscience," Nobel Prize winner Dr. Horst Strmer said that the nanoscale is more interesting than the atomic scale because the nanoscale is the first point where we can assemble something -- it's not until we start putting atoms together that we can make anything useful.

In this article, we'll learn about what nanotechnology means today and what the future of nanotechnology may hold. We'll also look at the potential risks that come with working at the nanoscale.

In the next section, we'll learn more about our world on the nanoscale.

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Nanotechnology - How Stuff Works - HowStuffWorks "Science"

How 19th century physics could change the future of nanotechnology

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PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

4-Mar-2014

Contact: Tom Robinette tom.robinette@uc.edu 513-556-1825 University of Cincinnati

A new twist on a very old physics technique could have a profound impact on one of the most buzzed-about aspects of nanoscience.

Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have found that their unique method of light-matter interaction analysis appears to be a good way of helping make better semiconductor nanowires.

"Semiconductor nanowires are one of the hottest topics in the nanoscience research field in the recent decade," says Yuda Wang, a UC doctoral student. "Due to the unique geometry compared to conventional bulk semiconductors, nanowires have already shown many advantageous properties, particularly in novel applications in such fields as nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, nanobiochemistry and nanoenergy."

Wang will present the team's research "Transient Rayleigh Scattering Spectroscopy Measurement of Carrier Dynamics in Zincblende and Wurtzite Indium Phosphide Nanowires" at the American Physical Society (APS) meeting to be held March 3-7 in Denver. Nearly 10,000 professionals, scholars and students will attend the APS meeting to discuss new research from industry, universities and laboratories from around the world.

Key to this research is UC's new method of Rayleigh scattering, a phenomenon first described in 1871 and the scientific explanation for why the sky is blue in the daytime and turns red at sunset. The researchers' Rayleigh scattering technique probes the band structures and electron-hole dynamics inside a single indium phosphide nanowire, allowing them to observe the response with a time resolution in the femtosecond range or one quadrillionth of a second.

"Basically, we can generate a live picture of how the electrons and holes are excited and slowly return to their original states, and the mechanism behind that can be analyzed and understood," says Wang, of UC's Department of Physics. "It's all critical in characterizing the optical or electronic properties of a semiconducting nanowire."

Semiconductors are at the center of modern electronics. Computers, TVs and cellphones have them. They're made from the crystalline form of elements that have scientifically beneficial electrical conductivity properties.

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How 19th century physics could change the future of nanotechnology

Boron, Discovered in 1808, Gets a Nano Refresh

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Newswise STONY BROOK, NY, March 4, 2014 The National Nanotechnology Initiative defines nanotechnology as the understanding and control of matter at the nanoscale, at dimensions of approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Nanotechnology is taking the world by storm, revolutionizing the materials and devices used in many applications and products. Thats why a finding announced by Xiang-Feng Zhou and Artem R. Oganov, Group of Theoretical Crystallography in the Department of Geosciences, are so significant.

The paper,Semimetallic Two-Dimensional Boron Allotrope with Massless Dirac Fermions, was published on February 27 in Physical Review Letters. The lead author is Oganovs postdoc at Stony Brook, Xiang-Feng Zhou, who is also an Associate Professor at Nankai University in Tianjin, China.

Boron is in many ways an analog of carbon, Xiang-Feng says. Its nanostructuresnanoparticles, nanotubes, and two-dimensional structureshave attracted a lot of interest in the hopes of replicating, or even surpassing, the unique properties and diversity of carbon nanostructures. We discovered the structure of two-dimensional boron crystals, which is relevant to electronic applications and to understanding boron nanostructures. Our findings overturn the assumptions and predictions of numerous previous studies.

Earlier work had concluded that two-dimensional boron will adopt the geometry of flat alpha sheets (structures composed of triangular and hexagonal atom patterns) or their analogs. These findings were used to construct boron nanotubes and nanoparticles with unique properties, such as high mechanical strength and tunable electronic conductivity.

We found that the alpha sheet is massively unstable; this casts doubt on previous models of boron nanostructures, Oganov says. In particular, we discovered that flat monolayer structures of boron are extremely unstable, and the actual structures have finite thickness. This result will likely lead to a revision of structural models of boron nanoparticles and nanotubes. In particular, it is possible that hollow, fullerene-like structures will be unstable for boron.

Oganov says the newly discovered two-dimensional boron structure possesses properties superior to those of graphene. Within the 2D boron structure, electrons travel at speeds comparable to the speed of light, and behave as if they were massless; in some directions, the electrons travel faster than they do in graphene. This can be very advantageous for future electronic devices.

While velocity does not depend on direction in graphene, the new boron structure exhibits directional dependence. In the slowest direction, the elections travel 38% slower in boron than in graphene. But in the perpendicular direction, the elections travel 34% faster in boron. This is the property that could be of value for electronic applications.

The findings were made possible by the structure prediction code USPEX (Universal Structure Predictor: Evolutionary Xrystallography) that was developed by Oganov and his lab. USPEX weds a powerful, global optimization algorithm with quantum mechanics and is used by more than 1600 scientists around the world.

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Boron, Discovered in 1808, Gets a Nano Refresh

Research tests which nano system works best cancer treatment

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17 hours ago by M.b. Reilly View of iron-oxide nanoparticles embedded in a polystyrene matrix as seen via a transmission electron microscope. These nanoparticles, when heated, can be applied to cancer cells in order to kill those cells.

(Phys.org) In current research related to improving cancer treatments, one promising area of research is the effort to find ways to selectively pinpoint and target cancer cells while minimizing effects on healthy cells.

In that effort, it's already been found in lab experiments that iron-oxide nanoparticles, when heated and then applied specifically to cancer cells, can kill those cells because cancer cells are particularly susceptible to changes in temperature. Increasing the temperature of cancer cells to over 43 degrees Celsius (about 109 degrees Fahrenheit) for a sufficient period of time can kill those cells.

So, a University of Cincinnati-led team along with researchers at Iowa State University, the University of Michigan and Shanghai Jiao Tong University recently conducted experiments to see which iron-oxide nanoparticle configurations or arrangements might work best as a tool to deliver this killing heat directly to cancer cells, specifically to breast cancer cells. The results will be presented at the March 3-7 American Physical Society Conference in Denver by UC physics doctoral student Md Ehsan Sadat.

In systematically studying four distinct magnetized nanoparticle systems with different structural and magnetic properties, the research team found that an unconfined nanoparticle system, which used an electromagnetic field to generate heat, was best able to transfer heat absorbed by cancer cells.

So, from the set of nano systems studied, the researchers found that uncoated iron-oxide nanoparticles and iron-oxide nanoparticles coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA) both of which were unconfined or not embedded in a matrix heated quickly and to temperatures more than sufficient to kill cancer cells.

Uncoated iron-oxide nanoparticles increased from a room temperature of 22 degrees Celsius to 66 degrees Celsius (about 150 degrees Fahrenheit).

Iron-oxide nanoparticles coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA) heated from a room temperature of 22 degrees Celsius to 73 degrees Celsius (about 163 degrees Fahrenheit.)

The goal was to determine the heating behaviors of different iron-oxide nanoparticles that varied in terms of the materials used in the nanoparticle apparatus as well as particle size, particle geometry, inter-particle spacing, physical confinement and surrounding environment since these are the key factors that strongly influence what's called the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), or the measured rate at which the human body can absorb energy (in this case heat) when exposed to an electromagnetic field.

According to Sadat, "What we found was that the size of the particles and their anisotropic (directional) properties strongly affected the magnetic heating achieved. In other words, the smaller the particles and the greater their directional uniformity along an axis, the greater the heating that was achieved."

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Cuomo: 52k sq. foot facility to bring nano technology and film production to DeWitt

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Syracuse (WSYR-TV) - Gov. Andrew Cuomo announced plans for a $15 million building in DeWitt that will be home to emerging nano industries and a California film production company.

Cuomo says the 52,000 square foot facility, which will be located at the Collamer Crossings Business Park in Dewitt, will be led by the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering.

The governor says CNSE will focus on using nanotechnology to drive innovations in computer generation imagery, animation, and motion capture technology used in film and television production.

The building would also be the headquarters for the California film production company The Film House - and house the companys production, post-production, and distribution operations.

"Now who would've figured Hollywood comes to Onondaga. Right, you would've never guessed," Cuomo said. "It is highly lucrative work. It's not just the actors. It is the production. It is the onsite. It is the post-production. It's the film work. It's everything. It is a whole economy unto itself."

The project is expected to create at least 350 new high tech jobs and 150 construction jobs, according to the governor.

Onondaga County is currently working with the Syracuse International Film Festival to create an Onondaga County Film commission to support the growth of the film industry.

Cuomo says the commission will provide marketing, coordination and logistics to support film production in Onondaga County.

The project will include a minimum private investment of over $150 million over seven years, with an initial 125 jobs that is expected to increase to 350, according to Cuomo.

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Cuomo: 52k sq. foot facility to bring nano technology and film production to DeWitt

CNY to become hub for film work

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Move over Hollywood. You'll soon be seeing more lights, cameras and action in Onondaga County. Central New York Emerging Nano-Industries hub was announced during Joanie Mahoney's State of the County address. Governor Cuomo attended as a special guest to make the announcement. Our Iris St. Meran tells us more about the impact and how this was all a welcomed surprised to those involved in film locally.

ONONDAGA COUNTY, N.Y. -- Governor Andrew Cuomo said, "Who would have ever figured, Hollywood comes to Onondaga."

Onondaga County that is. It will soon be the new Central New York Hub for Emerging Nano Industries. It's a public and private partnership led by the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering

College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Senior Vice President Alain E. Kaloyeros said, "A hub that begins with the film industry: Innovation, production, post production and distribution company."

It would be located at Collamer Crossings Business Park in DeWitt on vacant industrial land. Kaloyeros says New York will invest $15-million for phase one of construction: more than 100,000 square feet. The first anchor tenant is The Film House. The Film House looked at other parts of the country and the world but said this location was ideal.

The Film House Producer Ryan Johnson explained, "With New York's open for business, the tax situation, it's like 35%, plus no taxes, plus cost savings. Your savings on a budget of a movie could be 40-60% just off the top for being here."

And over seven years it's projected to bring $150-million and 350 jobs to the region. The opportunities are exciting for those involved in film locally.

"It's going to mean jobs. It's going to mean unions from Down State are going to have to train people to come up here to be crew members who will live here, send their kids to school and shop in our area. We'll have a whole new class of creative people," Syracuse International Film Festival Artistic Director Owen Shapiro.

And you can expect to see some of The Film House's work this year. Johnson says they plan to release three feature films this summer and eventually have on average 5 to 10 a year.

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Bomb case moved to federal court

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Ongoing coverage Crime & Safety Headlines More Crime&Safety Crime Stoppers More Crimestoppers Crime Databases More Databases Continuing stories More Ongoing Stories Local Stories from ThisWeek By Kathy Lynn Gray The Columbus Dispatch Tuesday March 4, 2014 7:27 AM

An Indiana National Guard member who authorities say had homemade bombs in his van when he was stopped for speeding in Madison County on Jan. 1 has now been charged in U.S. District Court in Columbus.

Andrew Scott Boguslawski, 43, made his initial appearance in federal court yesterday, shortly after state charges in the case were dismissed. His attorney and government prosecutors would not comment after the hearing.

He is charged with one count of possession of destructive devices not registered to him in the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record. Under federal law, destructive devices must be registered.

The charge carries a maximum 10-year prison term.

Boguslawski, of Moores Hill, Ind., was arrested after Ohio State Highway Patrol troopers caught him traveling 85 mph in a 70-mph zone on I-70 west of Columbus as he drove from Pennsylvania to Indiana, according to the complaint.

When troopers stopped him, the complaint says, they noticed the handgrip of a firearm between Boguslawskis legs. A search of his Dodge Caravan produced a pistol, rifles, suspected homemade bombs and parts to make bombs. An explosives expert with the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives identified nine completed bombs in the van and four nearly complete bombs, all capable of causing property damage and injuries if detonated.

Investigators also found videos and photographs showing Boguslawski manufacturing and detonating bombs and showing friends and family members, including a 16-year-old niece, setting off explosive devices.

Boguslawski told troopers he had some of the bombs for suicide-bomber training and a plastic gun was for a concealed-carry training class. Troopers also found a bulletproof vest and blueprints for a Navy SEAL training center in Indiana in Boguslawskis van.

An Indiana National Guard spokeswoman said in January that Boguslawski had been an intelligence analyst for a reconnaissance unit of the guard and held top-secret government clearance because of that work. That clearance was suspended after his arrest.

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Paperpile review: An excellent reference manager you'll want to pay for

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Are you a student or working in academia? Do you have to tackle loads of research papers? The Internet is full of tools that try to make this arduous task somewhat easier, and Paperpile is the newest addition to the gang. If youre hooked on Mendeley, Zotero or ReadCube, dont look now, but a better and slicker solution could be just around the corner.

Paperpile is a reference manager that resides entirely on the Web. Theres nothing to download except a Chrome add-on, and no account is needed aside from your existing Google account. Unlike reference managers that charge you extra to cloud-host your PDF files, Paperpile makes use of cloud storage you already haveGoogle Driveand with 15GB of free storage, you wont run out of space quickly. This means that once you upload your PDFs to Google Drive via Paperpile, you can access them from anywhere. But lets not get ahead of ourselves.

To start using Paperpile, you first need to add some papers. Do this by adding PDF files you already have, searching for papers on the Web, or importing your library from your current manager. You can also add papers directly from search results on websites such as Google Scholar or PubMed.

Paperpile analyzes your papers and acquires all the necessary metadata by itself. When it cant find it, its easy to manually add it on your own. When you find a new paper online and add it, Paperpile will automatically download the PDF for you, and all your PDFs can be synced to Google Drive with one click. Paperpile supports folders, subfolders and labels, and organizing your papers into them is a matter of dragging and dropping.

Paerpile makes it easy to organize and view papers, without overly complicating the process.

Going through your library is a breeze. The search function is instant, and the abundance of filtering options makes it easy to view papers by certain authors or from certain journals and sort them any way you want. For better organization, you can add notes to your papers or star them for even quicker access. All this browsing and editing is easily done with your mouse or using keyboard shortcuts.

Paperpile makes it unbelievably easy to view PDFs from your library, copy citations (simply mark one or more articles and press Ctrl+C), view who cited an article, and share articles with colleagues or friends. You can also set up shared folders to collaborate on a reference list with others, even if they dont use Paperpile themselvesgreat for journal clubs and lab meetings.

Click insert citation in a Google Doc and start typing to locate articles from your library or the Web.

All this, however, is just scratching the surface of what Paperpile can do. Remember the Google Drive integration I mentioned earlier? It's not just for cloud storageyou can also use it to write and collaborate on manuscripts, papers, or even your entire thesis. The Google Drive plugin (which you will need to authorize separately the first time you use it) lets you add citations of any format to a document youre working on. These can come from your library or the Websimply type in some keywords and pick the right result from the list. The bibliography will be automatically added to the bottom of the document and will adhere to your chosen citation style. You can change this style at any time and have Paperpile re-format accordingly.

Sounds too good to be true? It did to me too, but except for a very minor and rare glitch in adding notes to articles, the only issue I encountered happened when I was signed into two Google accounts at the same time. Logging out of both and signing in again to the one associated with Paperpile solved this completely, and the services help files are thorough, clear, and pretty much solve any problem that may arise.

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Paperpile review: An excellent reference manager you'll want to pay for

If the shoe fits

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There are certain things in life that are hard to measure; things like how successful you are, how much trust you can give or how much hope you can share. These are just some of the intangible things in life that we often do and think about but just cant seem to find the absolute measurement to quantify them; much like broadband data. Impalpable as it may seem, not all have a clear picture of how data actually looks or how big or small it really is. One thing is certain, we need it in order to appreciate our mobile devices full potential. Smartphones, in particular, do make our lives easier; but sadly, sustaining them becomes a bit financially complicated because in order to appreciate what they can do, one has to connect to the internet and this would only mean additional costs. Just like our appliances that need electricity to run, smartphones need data connectivity to bring out their smartness. But how much data does one really need?

Not all data users are created equal. Each individual has his/her own needs and preferences and so before asking how much data one would really need, it would probably be best to differentiate first the type of user one is. In reality, there are free and easy users and there are heavy users. If you are the type who every so often browses the web, views and sends email, checks Facebook and Twitter; but seldom stream music and videos every day and does little to no upload and download then consider yourself a light to moderate user. However, if it seems that you are the type who just cant, definitely cant, help but tweet, post, upload, and download the slightest movement there is every minute that passes you by or would just have to check emails and download every bit of attachment there is or maybe someone who streams and downloads music and videos more often than the commercials on prime time TV then you are indeed a heavy user.

So, which one are you? As mentioned previously, not all data users are created equal; and so is data. Not all data are the same. Smartphone activities that require broadband connection vary from small bits to large chunks of data. Small bits of data will include text only emails, social network tweets, status updates, and text only instant messaging. Uploading, downloading, and streaming high quality music and videos, and playing online games are precisely the activities that suck large chunks of data.

While we are all certain that a minute is equal to 60 seconds and that an hour is 60 minutes, unlike time that has a definite measurement, data remains a bit vague. The best we could probably do for now is to give estimates. To start, for the purpose of identifying unit of measurement for data, we will use KB for kilobytes, MB for megabytes and GB for gigabytes. 1 MB is equivalent to 1,000 KB.

A plain text only email would roughly consume 3 50KB. This however greatly increases to about 300KB if a document is attached and approximately 350KB if there is a photo attachment. Browsing through a single web page will cost you about 150KB 1.5MB; while a minute of music streaming will devour you 500KB. Data consumption greatly increases to 1MB if you download or upload hi-resolution photos. A minute of video streaming is about 2 to 5MB and for a single app, game or song downloaded will roughly feast on 3 to 4MB. Five minutes of YouTube at 720p will cost you about 37.5MB.

Lately, instant messaging apps that allow VOIP calls are getting much attention. A Skype to Skype call will cost you about 3MB per minute while video calls between mobile phones is roughly 500KB per second and between phone and computer, 600KB per second. A Viber call will consume you about 240KB per minute. Being visible on the mobile scene has its hype, too. Foursquare check-ins will cost you about 180KB while map searches and navigation will gobble up about 150-200KB. Again, all these are just approximations.

You see, different smartphone activities eat up different amounts of data. Comparing them to our appliances at home, the energy consumption of one appliance is different from the other. A window-type AC and a split type AC have varying energy consumptions although both can cool the same room using the same type of electricity. The same is true with an energy efficient refrigerator that consumes minimal electricity, but drastically changes once it is left opened. For sure, a lot more energy is consumed. Talking about email, a text-only email eats up very minimal data; but once you download an attachment it gobbles up more data.

Telcos have tiered services or set of services that has increasing price points depending on what best suits the needs of the sbscriber. Tiered services are offered because telcos know that there is no one size fits all even in data consumption. In order for subscribers to appreciate and maximize these services, one has to evaluate his/her own data behaviour. Knowing how much one actually consumes in a months time is vital and if used wisely would actually benefit them more than they know. Who knows, they mightve been subscribing to 1GB data plan but have been consuming less than what they thought theyve been consuming.

Data consumption on a particular activity as mentioned above varies. Once you have identified what kind of data user you are, you can now sum up all these activities in order to determine how much data you actually consume. Keep in mind 1GB is equivalent to 1,024MB.

So, what are your possibilities with 1 GB of data? A lot! With 1GB of data you can send 100 emails with attachment, browse through 100 web pages, upload a post and a photo 50 times, stream music for 90 minutes, stream videos for 90 minutes, map navigation for 60 minutes and download 17 games or other apps. All these you can do with 1GB of data.

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If the shoe fits

Is A Romantic Relationship Between A Man And A Machine Possible?

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Details Published on Tuesday, 04 March 2014 20:41

Her explores the romantic relationship between Samantha, a computer program, and Theodore Twombly, a human being/NYTSET in the not-too-distant future, Spike Jonzes film Her explores the romantic relationship between Samantha, a computer program, and Theodore Twombly, a human being. Though Samantha is not human, she feels the pangs of heartbreak, intermittently longs for a body and is bewildered by her own evolution. She has a rich inner life, complete with experiences and sensations.

Her raises two questions that have long preoccupied philosophers. Are nonbiological creatures like Samantha capable of consciousness at least in theory, if not yet in practice? And if so, does that mean that we humans might one day be able to upload our own minds to computers, perhaps to join Samantha in being untethered from a body thats inevitably going to die?

This is not mere speculation. The Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University has released a report on the technological requirements for uploading a mind to a machine. A Defense Department agency has funded a program, Synapse, that is trying to develop a computer that resembles a brain in form and function. The futurist Ray Kurzweil, now a director of engineering at Google, has even discussed the potential advantages of forming friendships, Her-style, with personalized artificial intelligence systems. He and others contend that we are fast approaching the technological singularity, a point at which artificial intelligence, or A.I., surpasses human intelligence, with unpredictable consequences for civilization and human nature.

Is all of this really possible? Not everyone thinks so. Some people argue that the capacity to be conscious is unique to biological organisms, so that even superintelligent A.I. programs would be devoid of conscious experience. If this view is correct, then a relationship between a human being and a program like Samantha, however intelligent she might be, would be hopelessly one-sided. Moreover, few humans would want to join Samantha, for to upload your brain to a computer would be to forfeit your consciousness.

This view, however, has been steadily losing ground. Its opponents point out that our best empirical theory of the brain holds that it is an information-processing system and that all mental functions are computations. If this is right, then creatures like Samantha can be conscious, for they have the same kind of minds as ours: computational ones. Just as a phone call and a smoke signal can convey the same information, thought can have both silicon- and carbon-based substrates. Indeed, scientists have produced silicon-based artificial neurons that can exchange information with real neurons. The neural code increasingly seems to be a computational one.

You might worry that we could never be certain that programs like Samantha were conscious. This concern is akin to the longstanding philosophical conundrum known as the problem of other minds. The problem is that although you can know that you yourself are conscious, you cannot know for sure that other people are. You might, after all, be witnessing behavior with no accompanying conscious component.

In the face of the problem of other minds, all you can do is note that other people have brains that are structurally similar to your own and conclude that since you yourself are conscious, others are likely to be conscious as well. When confronted with a high-level A.I. program like Samantha, your predicament wouldnt be all that different, especially if that program had been engineered to work like the human brain. While we couldnt be certain that an A.I. program genuinely felt anything, we cant be certain that other humans do, either. But it would seem probable in both cases.

If the Samanthas of the future will have inner lives like ours, however, I suspect that we will not be able to upload ourselves to computers to join them in the digital universe. To see why, imagine that Theodore wants to upload himself. Imagine, furthermore, that uploading involves (a) scanning a human brain in such exacting detail that it destroys the original and (b) creating a software model that thinks and behaves in precisely the same way as the original did. If Theodore were to undergo this procedure, would he succeed in transferring himself into the digital realm? Or would he, as I suspect, succeed only in killing himself, leaving behind a computational copy of his mind one that, adding insult to injury, would date his girlfriend?

Olivia Wilde in Spike Jonze's "Her"/Google ImagesOrdinary physical objects follow a continuous path through space over time. For Theodore to transfer his mind into a computer program, however, his mind would not follow a continuous trajectory. His brain would be destroyed when the scan was made, and the information about his precise brain configuration would be sent to a computer, which could be miles away.

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Is A Romantic Relationship Between A Man And A Machine Possible?

Workshop of scientific paper writing in faculty of Veterinary Medicine – Suez Canal university – Video

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Workshop of scientific paper writing in faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Suez Canal university
Workshop of scientific paper writing in faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Suez Canal university.

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Avatars of Human Disease: Personalized Modeling for Personalized Medicine – Video

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Avatars of Human Disease: Personalized Modeling for Personalized Medicine
Visit: http://seminars.uctv.tv/) Preclinical models of human disease, first in vivo then in vitro, have been the source of immense progress in medical resea...

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