With news that Connecticut may be getting a third casino, UConn Today discussed with addiction expert Thomas Babor of UConn School of Medicine the growing gambling epidemic and its potentially negative impact on our society and our health.
Q. Is gambling a modern-day phenomenon or problem?
A. By the late 20th century, gambling had assumed global dimensions, and the trend has accelerated since the new millennium. From a variety of small gaming sites in local communities, gambling has become an industry intertwined with tourism, entertainment, professional sports, and the media. This expansion has occurred in close connection with a relaxation of government regulations in the interest of creating jobs and tax revenues for the national and local economy. Trends over the past 20 years indicate a growing concentration of many gambling activities into large transnational corporations and state/provincial governments, the development of new and more addictive gambling technologies, and globalization of the market through the internet.
Q. How prevalent are gambling behavior and gambling problems?
A. General population surveys show that gambling is prevalent in many high-income countries. In most surveys, more than half of the respondents report gambling at least once in the preceding year. However, the proportion varies considerably by country. Prevalence rates of problem gambling range from 0.5 percent to 7.6 percent across countries, with an average of 2.3 percent. These rates do not reveal that every problem gambler affects other people. Problem gamblers may have betrayed trust in relationships using money jointly held by the couple, or money from an employer or client for which the gambler had a fiduciary responsibility. Financial consequences of problematic gambling, as well as substance use and health issues, affect between 5 and 17 other people in addition to the individual gambler, according to some estimates.
Q. What are gamblings personal, social, and societal costs?
A. Substantial evidence links gambling with hardships in health, substance use, poverty, social relationships, and crime. In most cases, however, causality cannot be proven. Gambling is most often a co-occurring problem among people who are already in vulnerable life situations, aggravating their difficulties and obstructing their attempts to improve their situation. Gambling inevitably results in financial losses for most people who engage in games of chance. This can result in increased stress, bankruptcy, and even suicide in some cases. Problem gambling co-occurs with mental health problems and substance use. The most frequently co-occurring mental health problems are mood disorders (depression) and anxiety disorders. Survey research conducted in many countries indicates that gambling problems tend to be concentrated, though not exclusively, in the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups, including ethnic minorities, the homeless, the unemployed, the mentally ill, alcohol and drug users, and those who have lower incomes and socioeconomic status. Although cause and effect are difficult to establish, the personal and social costs for individuals and families are often severe for people who gamble regularly. Societal costs are borne by employers (who suffer from embezzlement), social welfare agencies, and the health care system.
Q. Do the costs outweigh the benefits?
Gambling provides various kinds of satisfaction to players, and it probably has similar functions in society as sports and other games. As an economic activity, it contributes to the circulation of money, providing employment, profits, and revenues to governments. Many of these benefits cannot be objectively measured, and those that can bear opportunity costs as they absorb resources from other economic activities. It is difficult to say whether the costs outweigh the benefits, but it is likely that the former have been underestimated and the latter overestimated. With the recent expansion of gambling opportunities, it is becoming clear that most of the benefits go to governments and the gambling industry, and most of the costs are borne by the poor, the unemployed, and other vulnerable groups, whose problems then need to be addressed by the social welfare and health care systems.
Q. What does the latest scientific research tell us about gambling?
A. Electronic gambling machines generate much, if not most of the profit for the gambling industry, and most of the harm caused by it. Casinos are supposedly designed to cater to high rollers interested in table games, but in reality most of their profit is derived from electronic gambling machines. Other research indicates that gambling is one of several behavioral addictions that are difficult to treat once the habit has been developed.
Research also indicates that gambling regulations, such as restrictions on electronic gambling machines and bans on internet gambling, can reduce the harm associated with pathological gambling.
Q. What are the warning signs of a gambling problem?
A. The warning signs include gambling to escape worry, rather than for fun, gambling longer than intended, being unable to quit after losses, chasing losses with more gambling, being criticized by friends and family for gambling too much, losing time from work or school because of gambling, spending the rent, mortgage, or food money at the casino, borrowing money to finance gambling, and continuing to gamble despite all of these problems.
Q. If someone develops a gambling problem, what sort of help is available?
A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for gambling addiction focuses on changing unhealthy gambling behaviors and thoughts, such as rationalizations and false beliefs. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can provide tools for coping with gambling addiction. Inpatient treatment programs are an expensive option for those with severe gambling problems, and often outpatient treatment and self-help groups can be just as effective. Marriage and credit counseling are also often critical in the resolution of issues created by problem gambling.
If you or a loved one have a problem with gambling, call the free, confidential 24-hour State Problem Gambling Services hotline at: 888-789-7777.
Read more:
Gambling on a Third Casino - UConn Today
- Gambling Addiction and Problem Gambling: Learn How to Stop ... - December 12th, 2016 [December 12th, 2016]
- Remote Gambling Association (RGA) - December 16th, 2016 [December 16th, 2016]
- William Hill Casino Club - Up To 150 Casino Bonus - December 19th, 2016 [December 19th, 2016]
- Gambling - The New York Times - December 31st, 2016 [December 31st, 2016]
- Trusted Online Gambling Sites Since 1996 - Online.Gambling.org - January 7th, 2017 [January 7th, 2017]
- Casino Gambling Web | Best Online Gambling News and Casinos ... - January 11th, 2017 [January 11th, 2017]
- Gambling Addiction and Problem Gambling - helpguide.org - January 15th, 2017 [January 15th, 2017]
- Industry: Crackdown on illegal gambling in the Philippines now ... - GamingTodaySlotsToday - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Military should screen for gambling disorder, GAO says - Virginian-Pilot - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Gambling with people's autonomy | Liberties | Risk | spiked - Spiked - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Bill introduced to lower age for legal gambling in Nevada - Las Vegas Review-Journal - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- FIFA YouTuber Pleads Guilty To Gambling Charges [UPDATE] - GameSpot - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Gambling Stock Roundup: Macau Sales Rise Again in January, Nevada Records a Drop in December - Yahoo Finance - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Super Bowl sets gambling record at Nevada sports books - Reuters - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Older gamblers face worse odds for addiction - Times Herald-Record - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- How to Handle Gambling Wins and Losses This Tax Season - TheStreet.com - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- GAO report recommends military members be screened for ... - wtkr.com - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- The Newest Challenge in Gambling: Finding Growth - Motley Fool - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Raising a question about gambling prohibition - Dothan Eagle - February 8th, 2017 [February 8th, 2017]
- A Creepy Dude Is Your Inner Gambling Addict in These Horrifying PSAs From Tom Tagholm - Fishbowl NY (blog) - February 8th, 2017 [February 8th, 2017]
- Super Bowl Betting Tally Helps Make the Case for Legalized Sports Gambling - TheStreet.com - February 8th, 2017 [February 8th, 2017]
- MLB commissioner admits the league is rethinking its stance on gambling - FOXSports.com - February 8th, 2017 [February 8th, 2017]
- Why I love fake gambling and in-game casinos according to a psychologist - PC Gamer - February 8th, 2017 [February 8th, 2017]
- YouTubers fined for running illegal FIFA 17 gambling site - Ars Technica - February 8th, 2017 [February 8th, 2017]
- Deducting Gambling Losses on Your Taxes - TheStreet.com - February 9th, 2017 [February 9th, 2017]
- Gambling pot grows for Madison County - Utica Observer Dispatch - February 9th, 2017 [February 9th, 2017]
- How Vietnam Is Changing Its Gambling Rules To Win Foreign Investment - Forbes - February 9th, 2017 [February 9th, 2017]
- No truth to alleged link between missing Spencerport teen, illegal gambling - 13WHAM-TV - February 9th, 2017 [February 9th, 2017]
- The world's biggest gamblers - The Economist (blog) - February 9th, 2017 [February 9th, 2017]
- Idaho House Panel Introduces Bill Limiting Indian Gambling - Boise State Public Radio - February 9th, 2017 [February 9th, 2017]
- Pennsylvania Omnibus Gambling Bill Presented to House - Casino.Org News - February 10th, 2017 [February 10th, 2017]
- Gamblers caught in Hat Yai open-air casino bust | Bangkok Post: news - Bangkok Post - February 10th, 2017 [February 10th, 2017]
- Men Fined Over FIFA Gambling Operation - Card Player - CardPlayer.com - February 10th, 2017 [February 10th, 2017]
- Rob Manfred may change MLB's stance on gambling - SB Nation - February 10th, 2017 [February 10th, 2017]
- Do you have a mobile gambling/gaming problem? - KMTV - February 10th, 2017 [February 10th, 2017]
- OUR VIEW: Transparency needed in gambling operations - Pacific Daily News - February 11th, 2017 [February 11th, 2017]
- New York State transformation into the gambling big leagues nearly complete with opening of newest casino - The Daily Freeman - February 11th, 2017 [February 11th, 2017]
- Kenya: Gambling in Kenya Gets Out of Hand - AllAfrica.com - February 11th, 2017 [February 11th, 2017]
- Gambling Responsibly - New York Times - February 11th, 2017 [February 11th, 2017]
- Duterte targets illegal gambling in the Philippines - Yahoo News - February 12th, 2017 [February 12th, 2017]
- US Grabs Biggest Global Gambling Industry Win Share in 2016 - Casino News Daily - February 12th, 2017 [February 12th, 2017]
- UFC 208 odds, gambling guide - MMA Fighting - February 12th, 2017 [February 12th, 2017]
- Calendar urges gamblers to cut their losses l Dayton, Ohio - Dayton Daily News - February 12th, 2017 [February 12th, 2017]
- Gambling Manga "Akagi" Begins Countdown to Conclusion - Crunchyroll News - February 12th, 2017 [February 12th, 2017]
- Football's gambling problem: You better, you better, you bet - Football365.com - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
- States are gambling with law enforcement safety - The Hill (blog) - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
- AFL's gambling ads concern for Cats star - Wide World of Sports - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
- Celeb Gambling Ring Members Fear They've Been CAUGHT On Wiretaps Making Illegal Bets, Source Claims - Radar Online - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
- Highway Patrol: Raid of Warren bar uncovers illegal gambling - WKBN.com - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
- Scary graph shows how Australians are the biggest losers - NEWS.com.au - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
- Bato: War on illegal gambling won't be bloody - Philippine Star - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
- Last holdout Lakewood to vote on repealing video gambling ban - Northwest Herald - February 14th, 2017 [February 14th, 2017]
- AFL's gambling ads a concern for Geelong Cats star Harry Taylor - The Age - February 14th, 2017 [February 14th, 2017]
- Online Casinos Generate A Third Of UK Gambling Dollars - CardPlayer.com - February 14th, 2017 [February 14th, 2017]
- Darlington deputies bust gambling house in Hartsville | News ... - SCNow - February 14th, 2017 [February 14th, 2017]
- Kim Jong Un's gambling half-brother reportedly assassinated - CBS News - February 14th, 2017 [February 14th, 2017]
- BitcoinCasino.us Ensures Instant Payouts and Responsible Gambling - newsBTC - February 15th, 2017 [February 15th, 2017]
- Gambling operators are cashing in on teens' addiction to online games - The Canberra Times - February 15th, 2017 [February 15th, 2017]
- Americans Lost $116.9B Gambling In 2016: Report - CardPlayer.com - February 15th, 2017 [February 15th, 2017]
- Levine: Rick Hahn, White Sox Gambling On Right Trades At Right Time - CBS Local - February 15th, 2017 [February 15th, 2017]
- Wesfarmers considers pokies exit in bid to tackle problem gambling - ABC Online - February 15th, 2017 [February 15th, 2017]
- Massive felony gambling raid in Marietta | WAGA - FOX 5 Atlanta - February 15th, 2017 [February 15th, 2017]
- 'War on gambling' starts with small fry - Inquirer.net - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- Edgeless Casino Introduces Revolutionary Transparent 0% House Edge Online Gambling - newsBTC - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- FF12: When is gambling illegal in Kansas? - KWCH - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- Osage woman accused of stealing, gambling mother's money - Waterloo Cedar Falls Courier - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- 'Operation Parlay' Leads To Gambling Raid, Arrest - Patch.com - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- Pete Rose defends legal gambling: 'Who am I hurting?' - Yahoo Sports - Yahoo Sports - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- Cops bust alleged gambling ring being run out of Cobb storefronts - Atlanta Journal Constitution - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- Dunlap: State Rep. Gets It Right With Sports Gambling - CBS Local - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- Gambling Addiction Treatment Center, Rehab - Non Gambler - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- Problem Gambling Online Resources - Drugfreeinfo.org - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- Attleboro seeks gambling grant for new dispatch center - The Sun Chronicle - February 17th, 2017 [February 17th, 2017]
- House gambling bill teed up for next week - SaintPetersBlog (blog) - February 17th, 2017 [February 17th, 2017]
- Firms oppose Bill regulating gambling - Daily Nation - February 17th, 2017 [February 17th, 2017]
- Tim Simona faces NRL deregistration after alleged breaches of gambling rules - The Sydney Morning Herald - February 17th, 2017 [February 17th, 2017]
- Washington State Gambling Commission - February 17th, 2017 [February 17th, 2017]
- Online Casino USA Friendly Online Casinos for 2017 - February 17th, 2017 [February 17th, 2017]
- Records: 70 gambling machines seized, two arrested in Alamo raid ... - KGBT-TV - February 18th, 2017 [February 18th, 2017]
- Florida House Goes Conservative on Gambling Expansion with New ... - Casino News Daily - February 18th, 2017 [February 18th, 2017]