New York curator and cultural critic Carlo McCormick is proud and serene as he describes the National Gallery of Victorias blockbuster 2020 exhibition, Crossing Lines, as a celebration. Hes also quick to note that this is not just a celebration of the men whose names are on the door.
Keith [Haring] and Jean-Michel [Basquiat] are really ciphers that signify a whole group of artists and community, says McCormick, who guest curated the show. Every bit of modernism was actually a gang of friends getting together. And theres no arguing that this gang a bunch of bratty kids defined an era.
At that time, museums were very insular, McCormick says. They were for blue-haired old ladies ... And there was a whole group of narcissistic white men who thought they knew better. They looked down on us.
Haring, and Basquiat defied this. Coming from marginalised communities Haring was gay, Basquiat was black they made vibrant and often political art that was vernacular and younger and more youth-oriented, and then they made that kind of art the norm.
McCormick discussed with the Guardian 10 works (and the people behind them) that cemented this radical legacy three of which are currently on show at the NGV.
Whether on subway walls, scraps of paper or large industrial tarps (like this piece), Keith Harings work was meant to be universal. The young artist developed an iconic visual language of simple motifs dogs, babies, hearts and used them to communicate his generations not-so-simple energy and anxieties.
We were all Cold War babies, McCormick says, reflecting on his reading of Untitled 1982, which is part of Crossing Lines. Every age is an age of anxiety theres plenty for kids to be worried about now but for us it was knowing that, at any moment, our world could blow up. He notes that Harings dogs arent barking, as usual: Theyre almost like Egyptian statues that you would see guarding the dead.
His work always seems really nice, but when you look at it the TV sets etc it was always a lot about control, McCormick says. Haring also frequently cited homosexuality and Aids (the artist died of Aids-related complications in 1990). This was a moment where the politics [in art] turned into a kind of social politics [Haring] could express his difference or his fears but it was kinda smiley.
Jean-Michel Basquiat rocketed to fame in his late teens and early twenties. Within a few years, the Brooklyn-born artist of Haitan and Puerto Rican descent went from doing local graffiti under a pseudonym, to exhibiting at the countrys best galleries.
This work is at a moment when [hes] getting bigger, McCormick says. In the work, which is currently hung at the NGV, Basquiat is depicted (on the right) with fellow black artists Toxic and Rammellzee. Theyre living large, but theres a lot of tragedy built into their success.
Its kind of a tribute to his fellow black people in the art world [and a] barbed joke. African Americans were not well represented in our cinema, and if they were they were caricatured and marginalised. It was sort of a way of saying, Hey, were the Hollywood Africans. Its the same deal: were playing like blackface for white people.
This was an era in which art became enmeshed with celebrity and while that meant young artists like Basqiaut could prosper, it also ensured their work was seen as spectacle, rather than art. It was given the same degree of analysis that we might give a K-pop star today, McCormick says. That degree of analysis has certainly changed since the artists death from overdose, at age 27 in 1988.
Keith really loved Jean-Michel, McCormick says. Its a memorial. Think of the momento mori in Renaissance paintings; the reminder of death. The crown was Basquiats most iconic symbol, used frequently in his work.
[They] had this incredible mutual respect, he adds. They had much in common, generationally and in terms of [being outsiders] All these people came [downtown] because they were different. They were ostracised and alienated from this normal America.
This era of artists met and bonded on the street and in the nightclubs. People liked to dance, McCormick reminisces. Now, maybe Jackson Pollock liked to dance, but Im sure he danced like the ugliest white guy on the planet. This was a generation that had the beat, it had the rhythm.
This work came at a time of great change, in the midst of the Aids crisis. We went from partying every night to going to memorial services every week, McCormick says. He notes a tremendous gravitas in this; they are aware of a moment passing. [Its] the way that spring is fun, but fall is something else because you feel winter coming on.
Yes, Vivienne Westwood is British. But her iconic punk aesthetic had a lasting impact in the US and McCormick argues it actually had its origins in New York. I hate to be such a provincial New Yorker, but before [Westwoods collaborator Malcolm McLaren] created the Sex Pistols as his little boy band, he managed the New York Dolls ... Malcolm was very influenced by what was going on in New York.
By the 80s, he recalls, we were all a little bit punk even if some people were into dance music, others were into hip hop There was this hybridity, and fashion was very much interspersed in our culture.
Keith [whose work was featured in the Witches collection] cared very much about the ability for his art to interact with the real world the day-to-day. This continues today, with his work most accessible on T-shirts and fridge magnets.
People forget, McCormick says, that Andy Warhol was at the total nadir of his career in the 80s.
He was very uncool. [But] what really brought him back was the fact that there was this whole generation me included who adored him. Many of us had moved to New York because of the Factory and Warhols books.
Two decades on from his seminal work in the pop art movement, Warhol became something of a mentor to artists like Haring and Basquiat. Everyone talks about how he was a little vampiric in his relationship to people, but he was very generous and very supportive. There was a beautiful connectivity an intergenerational conversation.
In this portrait, one year before his death, Warhol renders himself with the same pop art methods that inspired others. He had a particular way about reaching people, McCormick says. About how you can do signifiers without being didactic, and how personality and life can become part of the art. Also, he adds, Andy queered things up.
Francesco Clemente migrated from Italy to join the scene in New York. He wasnt the nightclub type less Mudd Club, more like Mr Chows, McCormick says and his work had a different energy to it. It was all pastels and soft edges.
Clemente had been going to India since the 70s and he brought in much more poetic, much more Italian, a little more mythical, allegorical [influences]. But he was also just an incredible painter. Great painters recognise great painters as something entirely distinct from all the people who dont push paint in such a magical way.
Clemente and Basquiat are also often lumped together as neo-expressionists; whether you agree with that label or not, its true that they defined an era of raw and emotive art. This then went out of favour towards the end of the 80s with the rise of neo-geo (think Jeff Koons) which was much more about intellectualising your emotions.
This is an ecstatic thing, McCormick says. If its not a photo of an orgasm, its one to bring you towards that ecstatic state. It might sound provocative, but when seen in the context of Robert Mapplethorpes broader work its just a statement of fact.
Maybe Jackson Pollock liked to dance, but Im sure he danced like the ugliest white guy on the planetThis was a generation that had the beat.
The New York-based photographer had a wonderful sense of beauty, which was based off the other, McCormick says.
Obviously sexuality and fetish are part of it, but its more interesting than that Beauty had been so codified by then from Boticelli to the pinup girls in the Hollywood magazines.
Mapplethorpe portrayed the beauty of people who were inherently different by lifestyle or by body. Alistair Butler, the model used for this work, was a New York dancer originally from the Bahamas. Haring, Basiquat, all of them, this is a generation of really questioning people theyre all sponges. They take from everything around them.
Kenny Scharf grew up on the west coast, but met Keith Haring at art school in New York. Like Haring, McCormick says, his stuff looks so cartoony, happy really fun. But its all candy-coated. Its a bitter pill. When The Worlds Collide is another work about nuclear catastrophe: a grotesque and lurid collision of utopia and its demise.
[This] generation was promised a beautiful future. There was going to be better living through technology ... we were all going to be flying around in space! Instead were the punk generation of no future.
Feminist art was fantastic in 1980s New York, McCormick says, but unfortunately it was just being ignored. Barbara Kruger was the exception: the graphic designer-turned-artist became known for her acid-tongued text works that took aim at consumerism, the patriarchy and the intersection of the two.
She took the seductive language of advertising and consumerism, to throw it back in a way that rips it apart, McCormick says. Pop art took popular culture in a kinda acquiescent way, without really questioning so much its just a Brillo box [but she used it] to subvert and to question.
In this work, the images are taken from 1950s advertising: the boys posture is reminiscent of Rosie the Riveter, and the title is a Tina Turner song from two years prior. Kruger led the way for dense, appropriation-fuelled art while profoundly speaking to the womens condition from [the New York] scene.
Like Warhol, Nam June Paik was a forefather figure in the 80s scene. Paik grew up in Korea and moved to New York in the 1960s where, McCormick says, he became one of the seminal figures of Fluxus with Yoko Ono and all sorts of interesting people. It was another gang of friends getting together that, in fact, had much in common with Haring, Basquait and co.
Fluxus wanted to playfully destroy the boundaries between art and life, and experiment with the nature of what art could be. The movement was also fiercely anti-consumerist and, for Paik, this was most evident in his work relating to television. I remember his first video was like the earliest TV you could imagine, just a video of the moon, called Moon Is The Oldest TV, McCormick recalls.
In the MTV generation of the 80s, Paik went on to become the father of video art. In Video Flag Z, he reconstituted American identity as a Korean living in America. He may not have been a bratty kid but, like Basquait, Paik had a perspective so few others in the white art world could offer.
NGVs Keith Haring | Jean-Michel Basquiat: Crossing Lines is showing in Melbourne until 11 April 2020
The Stories of a Scene series is supported by the National Gallery of Victoria
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'We were all a little bit punk': Haring, Basquiat and the art that defined 80s New York - The Guardian
