COVID-19: Those With This Blood Type Have Higher Chance Of Contracting Virus, Study Shows – New Rochelle Daily Voice

Those who have one blood type are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19, and those in another are at a lower risk, a new study says.

The four blood types areA, B, AB and O.

The findings by a team of European scientists were published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Blood Type O had the lowest frequency of disease positivity and Blood Type A the highest, the study revealed.

A total of 1,980 patients described as having "severe" respiratory disease in seven Italian and Spanish hospitals participated in the research. Those results were compared to approximately 2,000 healthy individuals.

"Our genetic data confirm that blood group O is associated with a risk of acquiring Covid-19 that was lower than that in non-O blood groups, whereas blood group A was associated with a higher risk than non-A blood groups," a report on the research states."

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COVID-19: Those With This Blood Type Have Higher Chance Of Contracting Virus, Study Shows - New Rochelle Daily Voice

Easy Investing Secrets to an Early Retirement – July 17, 2020 – Yahoo Finance

Achieving the financial freedom to retire early a dream for most. Making that dream a reality isn't as tricky as it sounds. The secret is simple: Save a lot more each month. Sounds easy, right? Not so fast.

Usually, advisors advise 15% to 20% of total income saved every month as an objective - yet in the event that you want to retire earlier, you likely need to tighten that number up to 40% or half of your pay. Not a discipline easily practiced when you review or consider that a substantial segment of your paycheck goes to basic, non- negotiable lifestyle needs. But if you are willing to make some serious lifestyle adjustments and trade-offs, it's achievable.

A generally new development called Financial Independence, Retire Early (FIRE) has been created around this "sacrifice and over-save now to retire early" idea. FIRE supporters create exacting savings plans (up to 75% of income) and make related compromises like living in small homes, walking to work every day, prohibitive weight control plans, etc. This way might be unreasonably prohibitive for many, yet the mentality offers a few takeaways that may merit consideration.

First, stick with the fundamentals of long-term growth investing: Choose a diversified portfolio of stocks with exposure to different styles, sizes, sectors, and regions.

To speed up the retirement investment cycle, you can build a portfolio structured with more risk - and the potential for higher returns. It should in any case be adequately diversified to safeguard against sharper than normal market downturns that can be hard to recuperate from and that can ruin any opportunity to achieve your early retirement goal. There are various strategies to diversify a portfolio, and how you do so should be guided by your age, your risk appetite, your growth and income needs, and your long-term objectives.

Once you've begun saving at a higher rate and you have an investment plan, put that money to work in your plan as quickly as you can. Don't worry about finding the "perfect time" to invest - simply put the money in and keep it in. Let compounding work to help you grow your retirement savings at an exponential rate.

You may want to look at growth stocks with attributes acceptable for retirement investing like low beta, strong earnings estimates, positive sales growth, and expected future growth.

The Zacks Rank regularly identifies attractive growth stocks ideal for retirement investing. Here are just a few that might be worth consideration: OceanFirst Financial (OCFC), Virtu Financial (VIRT) and Waterstone Financial (WSBF). These are top-ranked stocks, with at least 5% earnings and sales growth over the past five years, and boast beta equal to or lower than 1.

Do You Know the Top 9 Retirement Investing Mistakes?

Whether you're planning to retire early or not, don't let investing mistakes derail your plans.

If you have $500,000 or more to invest and want to learn more, click the link to download our free report, 9 Retirement Mistakes that will Ruin Your Retirement.

This report will help you steer clear of the most common mistakes, like trying to time the market, lack of diversification in your portfolio, and many more. Get Your FREE Guide NowWaterstone Financial, Inc. (WSBF) : Free Stock Analysis ReportVirtu Financial, Inc. (VIRT) : Free Stock Analysis ReportOceanFirst Financial Corp. (OCFC) : Free Stock Analysis ReportTo read this article on Zacks.com click here.Zacks Investment Research

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Easy Investing Secrets to an Early Retirement - July 17, 2020 - Yahoo Finance

‘Sir, he does not’: Fox’s Chris Wallace fact-checks Trump’s claim that Biden supports defunding the police – USA TODAY

President Donald Trump used a White House law enforcement roundtable to pitch himself as a law and order candidate while warning of a radical left push toward lawlessness. (July 13) AP Domestic

WASHINGTON Fox News host Chris Wallace fact-checked President Donald Trump's inaccurate claimduring an interview that former Vice President Joe Bidenis in favor of defunding the police, leading to a testy reaction.

In a clip releasedbetween the "FOX News Sunday anchor and Trumpthe entire interviewwill air Sundaythe president blamed "stupidly run" Democratic localgovernments for the increase in violencein some cities and impliedthe increasewas the fault of the defund the police movement.

'You can't do that': Fox News host Wallace confronts DeVos on threat to redirect funds from schools

"Its gotten totally out of control and its really because they want to defund the police, and Bidenwants todefund the police," Trump said in theclip about the presumptive Democratic nominee.

Wallace interjected, "Sir, he does not."

"Look, he signed a charter withBernie Sanders," Trump responded, referring to theunity platformreleased by Biden and the progressive Vermont senator that unveiled multiple progressive ideas andpolicy proposals.

More: Biden-Sanders unity task forces release proposals to overhaul criminal justice, immigration

The proposed Democratic Party platform does includea series of police reforms including banning choke holds, ending racial profiling and allowing victims of abuse to pursue civil litigation.

However, the platform does not support defunding the police, asBiden and his campaignhave stated on multiple occasions.

Wallace points this out, sayingthe plan"says nothing about defunding the police."

"Oh really? It says abolish, it says defund. Lets go!Get me the charter, please," Trump said, turning to speak to staff out-of-frame.

Federal agency: Supporting 'Black Lives Matter' isn't partisan or political

Wallace explainedon Fox News' "Bill Hemmer Reports"that the president had hisstaff retrievehighlights of the unity platform that found "a lot of things that he objected to that Biden has agreed to."

"But he couldnt find any indication because there isnt any that Joe Biden has sought to defund and abolish the police," the Fox News anchor said.

The Trump administration and campaign have been continuallylodging attacks and ads at Biden,claiming he wants to defund and abolishthe police.

A veto-proof majority of the Minneapolis City Council committed to dismantling its police department after the death of George Floyd. USA TODAY

Vice President Mike Pence said Friday, Joe Biden would weaken the thin blue line that separates us from chaos, and continued,You wont be safe in Joe Bidens America,seizingonremarks Biden made recently where he expressed support forredirecting some funds, but not all, to bettering social services.

Law enforcement has become a flashpoint between Biden and Trump because of protests following the May 25 death of George Floydin Minneapolis police custody.

More: George Floyd's family sues city of Minneapolis, Derek Chauvin and 3 former officers

Biden became the presumptive nominee with support from Black voters in key states who are demanding police reforms. Trump has campaigned as thelaw-and-order presidentfighting chaos that erupted at some protests.

Biden has pledgedsupport for the central cause of Black Lives Matterprotesters fighting systemic racism and proposed policing changes.

Later Friday, Trump repeated his claim on Twitter:

Contributing: Joey Garrison, Bart Jansen, Rebecca Morin

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'Sir, he does not': Fox's Chris Wallace fact-checks Trump's claim that Biden supports defunding the police - USA TODAY

How European regulators are squeezing the online gambling industry – Euro Weekly News

The European gambling industry is facing changes in 2020 as regulators crack down on gaming operators.

UK MPs are calling for gambling laws set out in 2005 and 2014 to be updated, claiming they are now too liberal in the digital age. Meanwhile, Germany is outlining strict limits on its new regulated online gambling market, and Sweden is putting limits on deposits, stakes and freeplay money given away in promotional activities.

Here is everything we might see change across the three countries in 2020 and beyond.

The UK online gambling market is currently regulated under the Gambling Acts of 2005 and 2014. The laws are now being criticised for being too liberal and fueling the UKs growing gambling addiction crisis.

While the industry pulls in 11 billion annually, a recent GambleAware survey estimated that 2.7% of the adult population has a gambling addiction. Experts in the industry have argued against the figure, but MPs say the study is enough to warrant change.

Calls are now being made for a new Gambling Act, tailored to the digital age and centered around preventing gambling addiction.

Over 50 MPs and peers published proposals in mid-June as to how the industry could be restructured, completely overhauling the laws set out under Tony Blairs Labour government. The changes include:

MPs have also called for independent financial checks on bettors to make sure they dont gamble more than they can afford. The changes, if introduced, could massively affect the UK gambling industry. Experts say the reduction in money staked at the plethora of sites with online slots will have a considerable impact on operators alone.

Members of parliament, however, are sticking to the recommendations. Speaking to The Guardian, Labour MP and leader of the parliamentary group on gambling-related harm Carolyn Harris, backed the changes. She said: They [gambling firms] have shown time and again that they will not effectively self-regulate. Urgent change is needed to stop this industry riding roughshod over peoples lives.

The cross-party group has successfully campaigned to ban credit-card betting and limit fixed-odds betting terminals in recent years.

The UK Gambling Commission has gotten behind the changes, recommending a curb on loyalty schemes which significantly contribute to some operators income. It added that it was committed to drastically reducing gambling harm in a recent public statement.

German lawmakers have recently approved regulations to legalise online casinos and poker from July 2021, though the shift isnt set to be easy on operators. The market will reportedly be overseen by a new regulatory board in line with the legalisation, which has been described as a surprising move by industry experts.

While online sports betting, poker, and gaming will now be permitted, all three will come with significant restrictions. Rules on how much players will be able to bet will reportedly be put in place in the first instance, limiting just how much operators will be able to make online.

Online slots will start from 1 per spin, with an individual monthly deposit limit of 1000. Gambling advertising will only be allowed within the hours of 9 pm and 6 am. Fixed Jackpots will be banned from online slots, as will autoplay functions, and gamblers will not be able to play slots as side games to table games like Blackjack.

Enforcement action is also set to continue on companies operating illegally. Around 100 companies have been warned in recent months, with 10 deciding to withdraw completely from the German online gambling market.

Sweden is big on its online gambling the country is home to big gaming software businesses such as NetEnt, and brought in a huge 496.7 million in revenue in the first quarter of 2020. The government, however, is now seeking to toughen-up its laws.

New temporary measures have been put in place to protect residents from gambling addiction during the COVID-19 outbreak and are set to stay in place for the remainder of the year. These include a weekly deposit limit of 5,000 SEK (400), and a maximum bonus amount of 100 SEK (8). Players will also have to set a limit on their playing time by law.

All three countries expect to see pushback from online operators, who argue the changes will only move the biggest gamblers towards unregulated sites which do not pay tax or offer gambling support. However, it may be that their complaints fall on deaf ears. It seems that, at a time when online gambling is just taking off in the US, the EU is inevitably set to shackle the industry with tighter regulation.

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How European regulators are squeezing the online gambling industry - Euro Weekly News

Xbox Teases What to Expect From July Games Showcase – Halo, Cyberpunk 2077, Exclusive Games & More | – TechQuila

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With the Xbox Games Showcase fast approaching, weve slowly been getting more information regarding what to expect. Weve already known that Microsoft will be mainly showcasing their first-party games, along with a dash of 3rd party reveals. Well, a new social media post has given us some small hints regarding what games and service announcements we might be getting at the event.

Of course, weve known for a while that Halo: Infinite will be the main event here. The franchise is Xboxs biggest, most recognizable mascot, and the game is also a launch title for the Xbox Series X. Of course well be getting a hefty chunk of gameplay with it. Other than that, we now can expect the following to be the focus of the event:

Well alright, it might look a little underwhelming here. But regarding first-party exclusives, I think we can all expect some big announcements. Rumors have been going around regarding revivals of classic franchises like Fable and Perfect Dark. We also have other unannounced games like Everwild (Rare), The Medium (Bloober), Hellblade 2, and possibly more.

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Of course, there are no teases for Xbox Series S, but that might be revealed at a later date. In any case, an Xbox Series S reveal should go over well for fans, with a lower price for entry into next-gen games. If you can pay a significantly lower cost for experiencing the same features, albeit at a lower resolution, then it makes sense that more people would be interested in that.

Weve seen how Xboxs idea of exclusives is very different from Sonys PlayStation franchises. Xbox is a little more open platform, with their exclusive games being available on PC on release day. Theyre even more affordable thanks to Xbox Game Pass, which makes it easier for newer players to try out their exclusives for a low monthly fee. Theyre even making sure that next-gen upgrades are free of cost for current-gen console owners.

Xbox Games Showcase will take place on July 23, 2020.

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Xbox Teases What to Expect From July Games Showcase - Halo, Cyberpunk 2077, Exclusive Games & More | - TechQuila

A wizard of ultrasharp imaging – MIT News

Though Frances Ross and her sister Caroline Ross both ended up on the faculty of MITs Department of Materials Science and Engineering, they got there by quite different pathways. While Caroline followed a more traditional academic route and has spent most of her career at MIT, Frances Ross spent most of her professional life working in the industrial sector, as a microscopy specialist at IBM. It wasnt until 2018 that she arrived at MIT to oversee the new state-of-the-art electron microscope systems being installed in the new MIT.nano facility.

Frances, who bears a strong family resemblance to her sister, says its confused a few people, if they dont know there are two of us.

The sisters grew up in London in a strongly science- and materials-oriented family. Her father, who worked first as a scientist and then as a lawyer, is currently working on his third PhD degree, in classics. Her mother, a gemologist, specializes in precisely matching diamonds, and oversees certification testing for the profession.

After earning her doctorate at Cambridge University in materials science, specializing in electron microscopy, Frances Ross went on to do a postdoc at Bell Labs in New Jersey, and then to the National Center for Electron Microscopy at the University of California at Berkeley. From there she continued her work in electron microscopy at IBM in Yorktown Heights, New York, where she spent 20 years working on development and application of electron microscope technology to studying crystal growth.

When MIT built its new cutting-edge nanotechnology fabrication and analysis facility, MIT.nano, it was clear that state-of-the-art microscope technology would need to be a key feature of the new center. Thats when Ross was hired as a professor, along with Professor Jim LeBeau and Research Scientist Rami Dana, who had an academic and industrial research background, to oversee the creation, development, and application of those microscopes for the Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE) and the wider MIT community.

Currently, our students have to go to other places to do high-performance microscopy, so they might go to Harvard, or one of the national labs, says Ross, who is the Ellen Swallow Richards Professor in Materials Science and Engineering. Very many advances in the instrumentation have come together over the last few years, so that if your equipment is a little older, its actually a big disadvantage in electron microcopy. This is an area where MIT had not invested for a little while, and therefore, once they made that decision, the jump is going to be very significant. Were going to have a state-of-the-art imaging capability.

There will be two major electron microscope systems for materials science, which are gradually taking shape inside the vibration-isolated basement level of MIT.nano, alongside two others already installed that are specialized for biomedical imaging.

One of these will be an advanced version of a standard electron microscope, she says, that will have a unique combination of features. There is nothing that exists with the capabilities that we are aiming for here.

The most important of these, she says, is the quality of the vacuum inside the microscope: In most of our experiments, we want to start with a surface thats atomically clean. For example, we could start with atomically clean silicon, and then add some germanium. How do the germanium atoms add onto the silicon surface? Thats a very important question for microelectronics. But if the sample is in an environment thats not well-controlled, then the results you get will depend on how dirty the vacuum is. Contamination may affect the process, and you cant be sure that what youre seeing is what happens in real life. Ross is working with the manufacturers to reach exceptional levels of cleanliness in the vacuum of the electron microscope system being developed now.

But ultra-high-quality vacuum is just one of its attributes. We combine the good vacuum with capabilities to heat the sample, and flow gases, and record images at high speed, Ross says. Perhaps most importantly for a lot of our experiments, we use lower-energy electrons to do the imaging, because for many interesting materials like 2D materials, such as graphene, boron nitride, and related structures, the high-energy electrons that are normally used will damage the sample.

Putting that all together, she says, is a unique instrument that will give us real insights into surface reactions, crystal growth processes, materials transformations, catalysis, all kinds of reactions involving nanostructure formation and chemistry on the surfaces of 2D materials.

Other instruments and capabilities are also being added to MITs microscopy portfolio. A new scanning transmission electron microscope is already installed in MIT.nano and is providing high-resolution structural and chemical analysis of samples for several projects at MIT. Another new capability is a special sample holder that allows researchers to make movies of unfolding processes in water or other liquids in the microscope. This allows detailed monitoring, at up to 100 frames per second, of a variety of phenomena, such as solution-phase growth, unfolding chemical reactions, or electrochemical processes such as battery charging and discharging. Making movies of processes taking place in water, she says, is something of a new field for electron microscopy.

Ross already has set up an ultra-high vacuum electron microscope in DMSE but without the resolution and low-voltage operation of the new instrument. And finally, an ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope has just started to produce images and will measure current flow through nanoscale materials.

In their free time, Ross and her husband Brian enjoy sailing, mostly off the coast of Maine, with their two children, Kathryn and Eric. As a hobby she collects samples of beach sand. I have a thousand different kinds of sand from various places, and a lot of them from Massachusetts, she says. Everywhere I go, thats my souvenir.

But with her intense focus on developing this new world-class microscopy facility, theres little time for anything else these days. Her aim is to ensure that its the best facility possible.

Im hoping that MIT becomes a center for electron microscopy, she says. You know, with all the interesting materials science and physics that goes on here, it matches up very well with this unique instrumentation, this high-quality combination of imaging and analysis. These unique characterization capabilities really complement the rest of the science that happens here.

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A wizard of ultrasharp imaging - MIT News

– Lithium battery life tripled by lasers and sticky tape – Design Products & Applications

16 July 2020

For the Advanced Materials study, the researchers used an infrared laser cutter to convert the silicone-based adhesive of commercial tape into the porous silicon oxide coating, mixed with a small amount of laser-induced graphene from the tapes polyimide backing. The protective silicon oxide layer forms directly on the current collector of the battery.

The idea of using tape came from previous attempts to produce free-standing films of laser-induced graphene, says James Tour, Chair in Chemistry and a Professor of computer science and materials science and nanoengineering at Rice University.Unlike pure polyimide films, the tape produced not only laser-induced graphene from the polyimide backing but also a translucent film where the adhesive had been. That caught the curiosity of the researchers and led to further experimentation.

The layer formed when they stuck the tape to a copper current collector and lased it multiple times to quickly raise its temperature to 2,300 Kelvin (3,680 degrees Fahrenheit). That generated a porous coating composed primarily of silicon and oxygen, combined with a small amount of carbon in the form of graphene.

In experiments, the foamy film appeared to soak up and release lithium metal without allowing the formation of dendrites spiky protrusions that can short-circuit a battery and potentially cause fires. The researchers note lithium metal tends to degrade fast during the batterys charge and discharge cycles with the bare current collector, but they did not observe any of those problems in anodes coated with laser-induced silicon oxide (LI-SiO).

In traditional lithium-ion batteries, lithium ions are intercalated into a graphite structure upon charging and de-intercalate as the battery discharges, says lead author Weiyin Chen, a graduate student. Six carbon atoms are used to store one lithium atom when the full capacity of graphite is used.

But in a lithium metal anode, no graphite is used, he says. The lithium ions directly shuttle from the surface of the metal anode as the battery discharges. Lithium metal anodes are considered a key technology for future battery development once their safety and performance issues are solved.

Lithium metal anodes can have a capacity 10 times higher than traditional graphite-lithium ion batteries but lithium metal batteries that are devoid of graphite usually use excess lithium metal to compensate for losses caused by oxidation of the anode surface, Tour says.

When there is zero excess lithium metal in the anodes, they generally suffer fast degradation, producing cells with very limited cycle life, says co-author Rodrigo Salvatierra, an academic visitor in the Tour lab. On the bright side, these anode-free cells become lighter and deliver better performance, but with the cost of a short life.

The researchers note LI-SiO tripled the battery lifetimes over other zero-excess lithium metal batteries. The LI-SiO coated batteries delivered 60 charge-discharge cycles while retaining 70% of their capacity.

Tour says that could make lithium metal batteries suitable as high-performance batteries for outdoor expeditions or high-capacity storage for short-term outages in rural areas.

Using standard industrial lasers should allow industry to scale up for large-area production. Tour says the method is fast, requires no solvents, and can be done in-room atmosphere and temperature. He says the technique may also produce films to support metal nanoparticles, protective coatings, and filters.

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India’s first travel and wildlife based App ‘The Spherical’ launched – The Indian Awaaz

Staff Reporter

To keep the people updated with the interesting and latest wildlife news and events and steps taken to prevent illegal trafficking of wildlife, The Spherical (https://thespherical.com) has launched Indias first Travel and Wildlife centric application.

The App is available on playstore https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.spherical.thespherical)

Here a user can check out the recent happenings in both the concerned industries safely on their fingertips during this pandemic, and promotes wildlife conservation with their feeds. The Forum, one of the main highlights of the application, where the fellow users can exchange ideas regarding the same.

The Travel Guides by The Spherical, make the users trip more adventurous and, the experience better, longer, and cheaper.The user can discover amazing world travel destinations, luxury deals, safety tips, budget trips, exclusive packages. The best tips and advises for the users to make their experience the best one. And by sharing their personalized blogs the organisation makes sure to help the user to make their trip and other experiences more memorable.

The organisation makes sure to keep the users updated with the interesting and latest wildlife news and events related to the wildlife conservation and steps taken to prevent illegal trafficking of wildlife.

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India's first travel and wildlife based App 'The Spherical' launched - The Indian Awaaz

How the Seychelles Islands came to have its name – Face2Face Africa

Located northeast of the unique Africa addendum that is Madagascar, Seychelles is an archipelagic nation with over 160 islands, according to the countrys constitution.

Historians agree that for much of recorded history, the islands were inhabited although it was sighted by Portuguese historian Thom Lopes in 1503. But it is possible that Arabic and Austronesian seafarers settled temporarily on some Seychellois islands around the time or earlier than Lopes recorded his sighting.

The Austronesian are a unit of peoples who share linguistic commonalities. They are scattered on islands from the South China Sea to Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.

A huge constituent of Seychelles 100,000 or fewer people are of Austronesian heritage. But among the people, there is also a very palpable connection to France due to 18th-century maneuvers by then King of France.

Realizing that the Seychelles were, in their perspective, no mans lands, the French began to take control from the 1750s. A French captain, Nicolas Morphey, laid claim to the islands in 1756 with the blessing of King Louis XV.

As was the tradition, the Seychelles islands were named in honor of someone of privilege, in this case, Louis XVs finance minister, Jean Moreau de Schelles. And until 1794, the islands remained under the control of the French.

When other European nations rose up in arms against the French in what is called War of First of Coalition, the British took the fight to some of Frances international territories, including Seychelles. France surrendered in First Coalition and as punishment, had to forfeit such territories as Mauritius ad Seychelles.

Frances acquiescence to the forfeitures was ratified by the 1814 Treaty of Paris. Britain then ran Mauritius and Seychelles as one colony until 1903.

In 1976, Seychelles was granted independence by the British. The country has since leveraged its geography to become one of the favorite destinations for holidaymakers across the world.

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COVID-19 gives BC First Nation rare chance to examine tourism’s impact on grizzly bears – Peace Arch News

COVID-19 continues to be tough on people. But it might be doing good things for the grizzly bears of B.C.s central coast.

A positive outcome of the COVID-19 shutdown for the Klemtu-based Kitasoo-XaiXais First Nation, was the opportunity to study tourisms impact on the grizzly bears in their region.

The Kitasoo-XaiXais reserve has maintained a shutdown since the pandemic began and will continue to do so until further notice. This gave the community the perfect chance to invest in a research program that could be conducted only in the absence of tourists.

Dr. Christina Service, the lead scientist in charge of the project with the Resource Stewardship Department of the Kitasoo-XaiXai Nation, was glad that they mobilized really quickly when the situation presented itself and deployed 40 infrared cameras which are triggered when the animals walk by.

Since were not going to have tourism in the territory this year, it provided a remarkably unique situation where we could essentially study and take baseline conditions to see what these bears will do in the absence of tourism.

The cameras will be taken down in October and the recordings will be used to analyze behaviour patterns and to get a sense of how the bears choose to spend their time in the absence of humans. The process will be repeated and cameras will be re-installed again in spring 2021, when hopefully tourism activity will have resumed again.

The results will then be compared to arrive at a sustainable management plan for a conservation-based economy for the community, said Service.

So were looking at factors like what areas should humans be restricted to that have the least impact on bears? Or, what time of the day does tourism heavily impact bears? There will definitely be some interesting patterns to see.

Since the research is spread over two years, Service said it will be a while before they have concrete answers. But the study will help provide the best available information to formulate a management plan.

The First Nation has seen increased pressure from tourism since the Great Bear Rainforest was established and visitors started coming to the territory to learn more. And though tourism opportunities are welcomed, the First Nation also indicated its desire to conserve the bears in their region.

Service commended the Kitasoo-XaiXais First Nation for their interest, capacity and desire to invest in such a research program, especially at a time when theres so much uncertainty with the pandemic.

READ ALSO: Conservationists raise concerns over state of care for grizzly cubs transferred to B.C. zoo

CoronavirusEnvironment

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COVID-19 gives BC First Nation rare chance to examine tourism's impact on grizzly bears - Peace Arch News

Op-ed: It’s more than the moniker higher ed needs review – GW Hatchet

Karina Ochoa Berkley is a rising sophomore majoring in political science and philosophy.

On June 22, D.C. protesters were almost successful in pulling down the statue of Andrew Jackson that is positioned in front of the White House. Jackson, the seventh president, is notorious for his genocidal massacre of Indigenous peoples. This followed other nationwide efforts to remove racist monuments, including those of Confederate soldiers, war criminals, slave owners and colonizers. The movement to remove monuments commemorating individuals who have actively participated in the implementation and advancement of systemic racism puts GW, a school named after a colonist and slave owner whose moniker is the Colonial, in a precarious position. In fact, several student organizations including the Black Student Union, Black Defiance, Persist GW, GW Students for Indigenous and Native American Rights and Students Against Imperialism, have already launched the Reconsider The Names campaign in an effort to rename the nickname along with other University buildings named after segregationists and slave owners.

While officials could change the moniker or its building names, the schools commemoration of a colonist slave owner and its nickname to match is both fitting and appropriate to the institution. But when it comes to being neocolonial and racist, GW is not special. The historical development of academic institutions as a whole suggests they owe their founding, expansion and present existence to colonialism and slave labor. It also suggests, like statues and monuments, that higher education institutions are, in part, memorializations of racism that we need to honestly own up to. But unlike statues and monuments, they are living institutions that have yet to undergo transformational structural changes.

From the founding of Oxford University more than 400 years ago to the arrival of the colonists and the eventual establishment of nine colonial colleges, higher education in the West has existed as an exclusionary institution designed to produce and maintain an academic elite class, particularly drawn on racial, class and gender lines, and to strategize ways to maintain existing social and economic structures. As such, colonial institutions were founded on the aim of constructing an all-White civilization that could only be brought about by the ethnic cleansing, racial genocide and removal of Indigenous peoples.

This active contribution on the part of academic institutions to the historical erasure of Native culture, of course, cannot be separated from the systematic removal of and theft of land from Native Americans. It is the very theft of land from the Indigenous peoples, provided by the Morrill Act of 1862, that created the material base for higher education institutions to exist. Higher education institutions rarely have been known to attribute their success and foundation to the removal and genocide of Natives. This is the case even though they are still completely dependent on these authorities of privatization established in the colonial era.

The material foundation of higher education institutions can be attributed to yet another product of colonialism: slavery. In the mid-18th century, the number of higher education institutions increased from three to nine. The rapid growth and expansion of these institutions directly correlates with the peak of the Atlantic slave trade. Not only did the colonial colleges namely Harvard, Columbia, Princeton and Yale universities receive funding from the profit off of slave labor, some even owe their physical construction to slave labor. This being the case, leaders in higher education historically have resisted emancipation and abolitionist movements. For example, the American Colonization Society, founded in 1816 and based at Columbia, Princeton and Yale, advocated for emancipated slaves to be sent on ships back to Africa in order to Christianize Africa and preserve the notion of an all-White civilization that these institutions benefitted from.

Our very own GW is no different, funded from 50 shares of George Washingtons Potomac Company, which relied on indentured servitude and slave labor to generate profit. Workers at the Potomac Company often died from dangerous work conditions and the inadequate provision of rations. But relatively unique to GW is it being named after a colonizer and a slave owner an issue not every academic institution has to grapple with. Washington famously owned more than 300 slaves, some whose teeth he had pulled to construct his dentures.

GWs colonist roots are not only an issue of the past. Academic institutions like GW continue to make higher education more exclusionary and elitist by cutting admission rates in an effort to appeal to the Colonial-era notion of prestige which caters to applicants of wealthy families who benefit from the high-stakes testing system that college applications are characterized by one that disproportionately excludes poor applicants of color. Additionally, tuition rates have been dramatically increasing the cost of tuition over the past few decades, restricting higher education as a resource for the economic elite. GW has also proposed cutting spending on the social sciences, which tend to hire first-generation social justice-oriented faculty, often as a result of diversity initiatives, and which teach disciplines like critical race and gender studies. Cutting spending to these departments is part of an ongoing effort to produce marketable technocrats and compliant workers, increase the elite nature of the institution by earning larger salaries and being awarded larger research grants factors that often go into calculating a colleges ranking, as opposed to academics, philosophers and social critics who are not as marketable in a capitalist economy. This is not only an issue at GW but rather a trend across academic institutions that need to remain competitive in a capitalist higher education market. A social and economic movement that fosters truly inclusive academic conditions, one that will be brought about by social critics and academics, isnt profitable or beneficial to the power structures that enable institutions like GW to exist.

GW could abandon its Colonials moniker, or perhaps more radically, its own name, but it would hardly make inroads toward addressing the fundamentally racist and elitist academic structure it has participated in and still perpetuates. The colonial is a racist relic of its heritage, but its an accurate symbol of the kinds of social systems higher education has maintained, and one GW has embraced with pride.

So while GW decides whether it wants to continue self-describing as Colonials, we should start working to restructure and reimagine a higher education system that is not accurately described as being colonial, doesnt promote and maintain the existence of an elite social class and doesnt systematically benefit from racial genocide.

Want to respond to this piece? Submit a letter to the editor.

This article appeared in the July 17, 2020 issue of the Hatchet.

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Op-ed: It's more than the moniker higher ed needs review - GW Hatchet

EDITORIAL: Protecting your freedom of speech – The Cherokee One Feather – Cherokee One Feather

Cherokee One Feather Editorial Board

Tribal Council heard the Cherokee One Feather Editorial Board on an ordinance change on Thursday, July 9 that will further protect the rights of free speech and free press.

The Board proposed that the One Feather Editor position answer directly to the Executive Committee administratively. Regarding termination or transfer of an Editor, the Principal Chief, Vice Chief, and two-thirds of the Editorial Board would have to concur before any action could be taken against the Editor.

At first glance, this does not seem like very much of a change, but it will further protect the Cherokee One Feather and staff from any potential future political pressure. This change will give the staff the confidence necessary to continue to report truthfully and fully to the community regardless of the intentions of future politicians.

One of the issues hindering the Cherokee Code is the lack of substantive protections or repercussions for violating the Code. In earlier legislation, the One Feather asked and received amendments to eliminate vagueness and codify a course of action to address political violations of the Free Press Act.

The legislation passed by Council on Thursday will permit the Editor of the newspaper, who is charged with approving story assignments and final copy, to use the Society of Professional Journalist Code of Ethics, the mandate of Chapter 75 of the Cherokee Code, and the policies set forth by the Editorial Board, to follow his best judgement in his or her duties without fear of termination or transfer.

The One Feather has enjoyed an unprecedented period of support by both the legislative and executive branch for free speech and press. This legislation provides guidance for the future, for such a time when government has conflict with the ideas of free speech.

The legislation simply codifies what is already happening between the government and the One Feather.

We, at the One Feather, appreciate the support of the Executive Office and the Tribal Council, and the incredible readers and tribal community who find value in the paper that we produce. We were amazed as we reduced our print presence over the course of the ongoing pandemic, how the community, locally and nationally, shifted to the electronic edition and readership continued to grow exponentially. We feel that it is your confidence in us that has brought us to this very important milestone in the newspapers history.

This change will not affect the way we do business. In fact, it provides guarantees that we may continue to provide honest, unbiased, true reporting to our community and to the thousands of readers that we serve. When tribal members are doing historical research a century into the future, we want them to come to the One Feather archives and see them as the most factual documentation of Cherokee history available. Those are our vision and mission statements. It is our commitment to you.

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EDITORIAL: Protecting your freedom of speech - The Cherokee One Feather - Cherokee One Feather

Goya Foods CEO says the boycott over his praise of Trump is a suppression of speech – Vox.com

Goya Foods CEO Robert Unanue said on Friday that a growing boycott of his company in response to his recent praise of President Donald Trump amounts to a suppression of speech, tapping into the presidents ongoing narrative that liberals are proponents of an oppressive cancel culture that punishes those who exercise their right to free speech.

Calls for a boycott emerged after Unanue said that Trump was an incredible builder and that the US was blessed to have him as president at a White House event on Thursday meant to highlight a new advisory commission on creating economic opportunities for Latinx Americans. The praise elicited criticism from progressives, and a boycott campaign of Goya Foods backed by prominent political and cultural leaders like Democratic Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Hamilton creator and star Lin-Manuel Miranda rapidly spread across social media.

In an interview on Fox & Friends, Unanue argued that the online campaign revealed a double standard, pointing to the fact that he attended a healthy eating initiative at the invitation of former president Barack Obama and and first lady Michelle Obama in 2012.

So youre allowed to talk good or to praise one president, but youre not allowed, when I was called to be part of this commission to aid in economic and educational prosperity and you make a positive comment, all of a sudden thats not acceptable, Unanue said.

So, you know, Im not apologizing for saying and especially if youre called by the president of the United States, youre going to say, No, Im sorry, Im busy. No thank you. I didnt say that to the Obamas, and I didnt say that to President Trump, he added.

Conservative politicians and pundits have leaped on the boycott, popularized online as the #Goyaway campaign, as another sign of the existence of an extremist left seeking to obliterate discourse and to enact punitive measures against those they disagree with.

The Left is trying to cancel Hispanic culture and silence free speech. #BuyGoya, Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) tweeted on Friday. Fox News contributor and former governor of Arkansas Mike Huckabee tweeted: Cancel-culture leftists dont need beans. Their speeches & whining already produce all the gas the planet can take.

But while Unanue and his supporters on the right are decrying the boycott as an attack on his right to speech, in reality, its simply criticism of his political gestures.

Buycotting is not suppressing speech. In fact, it is the opposite, Jaime Settle, a scholar of American political behavior at the College of William and Mary, told me. Corporate leaders have a choice: If they choose to publicly disclose their political views, they should expect people to respond by expressing their own, even if the public channels that speech through consumer habit.

Unanues right and capacity to express his ideas about the president or any other matter remain intact even if profit margins at Goya, a multibillion-dollar company, take a hit due to pushback from boycott campaigns. Instead of free speech, the core issue is the social consequences that accompany taking a political position in a highly polarized political climate.

Unanue, the head of the largest Hispanic-owned food company in the US, appeared at the White House on Thursday to announce that Goya Foods would be donating 1 million cans of chickpeas as well as 1 million pounds of food to food banks as part of the Hispanic Prosperity Initiative, a new advisory commission created by Trump tasked with increasing Hispanic access to economic and educational opportunities.

When Unanue spoke at the Rose Garden event at a podium just feet away from Trump, he did not just announce his donation but also offered praise of the president, likening him to his own grandfather, a Spanish immigrant who founded Goya in 1936.

Were all truly blessed at the same time to have a leader like President Trump, who is a builder, he said. And so we have an incredible builder. And we pray. We pray for our leadership, our president, and we pray for our country, that we will continue to prosper and to grow.

Unanues decision to laud the president resulted in sharp blowback among Latinx progressives, who argued that Unanues celebration of the Trump presidency marked a betrayal of the Latinx community that buys his companys products.

@GoyaFoods has been a staple of so many Latino households for generations. Now their CEO, Bob Unanue, is praising a president who villainizes and maliciously attacks Latinos for political gain, tweeted former Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Julin Castro. Americans should think twice before buying their products.

Miranda, the creator of Hamilton, tweeted, We learned to bake bread in this pandemic, we can learn to make our own adobo con pimienta. Bye.

United We Dream, an immigrant youth-led organization, created a petition slamming Unanue for aligning with Trump and calling for a boycott of the company; #Goyaway and #BoycottGoya trended on Twitter after the remarks.

Commentators on the right responded to the boycott campaign with their own hashtag: #BuyGoya. Conservative pundits and politicians described the boycott as an attack on Unanues freedom of speech, and advocated for pushing back by stocking up on Goya products.

Amid the blowback, Unanue decided to appear on Fox News and Fox Business on Friday.

On Fox & Friends one of Trumps favorite television shows and a bastion of far-right thinking Unanue began the interview by saying, Its good to be with some friends. During the interview, he said the boycott constituted a suppression of speech; that he would not apologize for his remarks; and that the reaction to his praise of Trump revealed a double standard since his appearance at the Obama White House in 2012 garnered no controversy.

Later on Fox Business during an interview he began by telling the host that he was doing a great job he said the boycott was a reflection, I believe, of the division that exists today in our country ... this great divide is killing our nation were tearing down statues of Jesus Christ.

Abraham Lincoln had the great quote, A house divided against itself cannot stand. And this can be the destruction of our nation, we are at that point, he said.

In adopting this language, Unanue and his supporters have framed the boycotts as the latest example of an overzealous left that seeks to suppress the expression of everything it doesnt like. Unanues comment about statues of Jesus being attacked evokes Trumps talk of statue-toppling as a sign of a merciless campaign to wipe out our history, defame our heroes, erase our values, and indoctrinate our children.

Trump has, in recent months, portrayed efforts by anti-racist protesters to pull down or criticize memorials commemorating historical figures who supported slavery, white supremacy, or colonialism as an attack on American values. (There are no signs that statues of Jesus are generally being targeted by protests, but there has been criticism of Eurocentric depictions of his image.) While protesters see these symbols as inappropriate celebrations of Americas history of white supremacy, Trump has tried to argue in highly racialized and nativist language that efforts to remove them represent a totalitarian crackdown on expression of identity.

But this language obscures the issue at hand. Anti-racist protesters arent disputing the right of people to discuss Confederate leaders; theyre protesting their celebration. And similarly, Unanue is not having his views suppressed hes receiving criticism for signaling support for policies that boycotters see as unjust.

Freedom of speech as defined by the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights refers to restrictions on state action (specifically Congresss ability to make laws) on the freedom of the public and the press to express their views. Boycotts led by consumers, experts say, fall under protected speech.

Calls for economic boycotts are clearly speech, not the suppression of speech. Consumers have long tied politics to purchasing, and advocating business boycotts is undoubtedly protected speech, Timothy Zick, a professor of government and citizenship at the College of William and Mary Law School, told me. Mr. Unanue runs a large corporation, so it rings hollow to suggest that individual consumers are in any way suppressing his speech.

One relevant precedent here is a 1982 Supreme Court ruling that an NAACP boycott of white merchants in Mississippi seeking to secure compliance by both civic and business leaders with a lengthy list of demands for equality and racial justice, was protected by the First Amendment.

Given that the boycott does not represent an infringement on his First Amendment rights, Unanues more substantive grievance might then appear to be that its unfair for his company to be penalized for his appearing at a presidential event, something hes done before. But this line of thinking is flawed for a number of reasons.

The political climate is vastly different than the last time Unanue appeared at a presidential event: Trump has successfully worked to dramatically polarize American politics for the entirety of his presidency even turning a public health emergency into a partisan war and thus voluntary affiliation with his administration is rarely, if ever, perceived as neutral.

That polarization has been accomplished in part through Trumps denigration of the USs Latinx community, from the moment he kicked off his first presidential campaign by calling Mexicans rapists and criminals to his recent inability to address record-high Latinx unemployment. And Trumps immigration policy has targeted Latinx people in particular featuring, for example, harsh detainment policies like child separation that violate international human rights standards.

This is only one small chapter in a much wider problem of polarization over a host of issues, Mugambi Jouet, a professor who specializes in polarization at McGill University, told me, noting that the fundamental issues at play here are the question of immigration and xenophobic discourse and agenda of the Trump administration.

Unanue has chosen to jump into the political fray at every juncture of this episode. Crucially, he chose not only to affiliate with Trump, but also praised the president in strong terms. And then Unanue went on to do two distinctly chummy interviews on Fox News where he said people criticizing him were the real source of division in the country.

The speed and intensity at which the backlash came is a function of this polarization after three years of the Trump administration, very few Americans have ambivalent feelings about the president but the boycotts themselves are an outgrowth of anger at the policies and behavior Jouet outlined.

Gustavo Arellano, author of Taco USA: How Mexican Food Conquered America, told the New York Times that Unanues comments were a betrayal for many in the Latinx community who see Trump as the antithesis of Latinos, in fact, as the enemy.

For Unanue the leader of a brand that represents nurture and community and family and most importantly the kitchen for Latinx Americans, according to Arellano to endorse a president who has caused that community, and other communities of color, so much pain brings many a great deal of distress. Not only because Unanue said Trump himself was incredible, but because with his praise, Unanue seemed to endorse the presidents damaging policies.

Also of concern to those boycotting Goya are Unanues actions not just his willingness to seek the friendly confines of Fox News, but his financial contributions to lawmakers who have enacted right-wing policies. Per CNNs David Goldman:

Unanue has donated to Republicans in recent years, including $6,000 to the Republican National Committee and $1,000 to former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie in 2017 when he was running for president, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. Unanue also gave $2,300 to New Jerseys Democratic Senator Robert Menendez in 2010.

Roberts brother Peter, who serves as Goyas executive vice president, gave $100,000 to the anti-abortion National Right to Life Victory fund in 2012. And other Unanue family members who are shareholders of Goya have given thousands of dollars to other, mostly Republican candidates and politicians, including Trump.

Unanue remains free to express his political opinions. He took advantage of this freedom at the White House, and again on Fox News. What hes witnessing with a boycott is not an agenda to prevent him from speaking his mind, but a rejection among a vocal set of fellow citizens of the ideas and endorsements hes chosen to align himself with.

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Tunisian Woman Sentenced to Prison Over Joke Alluding to the Quran – The New York Times

TUNIS As Tunisia battled the coronavirus pandemic in May, and millions in the North African country found themselves confined to their homes, a lighthearted Facebook post about the virus caught Emna Charguis eye and brought a brief moment of laughter in a period of uncertainty.

The Sourate Corona, a design that appears to have been created in France, delivered a simple wash your hands message framed in recognizable green contours and adorned with virus symbols, mimicking the style of a Quranic verse. Ms. Chargui, 27, shared the post.

But what was meant as a simple quip about the outbreak has become a fight for Ms. Charguis freedom of expression that could result in a prison sentence.

This week, Ms. Chargui was found guilty of inciting hatred between religions, and sentenced to six months in jail and a $700 fine for the post, in a case that has raised questions about the extent to which freedom of speech is protected in the country. Hundreds have now shared the same image along with the hashtag #FreeEmnaChargui in solidarity with the young woman.

Ms. Charguis case has drawn little attention in the country, aside from rights groups calling for her release: The coronavirus pandemic dominates the news cycle, along with the abrupt resignation on Wednesday of the prime minister, Elyes Fakhfakh, just months after he was sworn into office.

But rights organizations have warned that the ruling against Ms. Chargui could set a dangerous precedent in a country that has been hailed as a rare example of democratic success since the Arab Spring in 2011, but where discussions of religion remain taboo.

Ahmed Benchemsi, the communications director for Human Rights Watch in the Middle East and North Africa, called the ruling a setback for freedom of expression in a country that has otherwise made great strides on the path to democracy.

Tunisia, which enforced a nationwide lockdown and closed its borders in mid-March, has fared better than some of its neighbors in containing the spread of the coronavirus, with 50 deaths and 1,326 confirmed cases as of Friday.

Ms. Chargui said she had received hundreds of death threats and threats of sexual violence since she first shared the image.

I thought it was a good way to make people aware about washing their hands and be careful with the coronavirus, with a style that everyone knows, she said in a telephone interview on Wednesday after her sentencing, which her lawyers have appealed.

I did not even think about how big this would get when I shared it, she added.

Ms. Chargui, who said she considers herself an atheist, has since deleted the initial post but maintains that she is within her rights to express her personal beliefs.

My mother wears the veil, she is Muslim, and she supports me, she said. I want to be able to live in my country and show that you can be a non-Muslim as well.

Ms. Charguis appeal is likely to be heard by a court in September or October, and she remains free until then.

Tunisia has been praised for a successful democratic transition, despite some political instability, after the Arab Spring uprising that gripped the nation and ultimately toppled the longtime autocratic president Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali. Last year, the country of nearly 12 million people completed its second set of free presidential elections since the revolution.

Since the transition to a democratic system, state prosecutors have pursued some individuals for harming religion in 2011 and 2012, including two atheists who were sentenced to seven years of jail time for sharing caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad. (The two were granted presidential pardons two years later.)

But such cases have dwindled after a new Constitution was introduced in 2014 that provides protection of religious freedom and freedom of speech, among other personal liberties.

Yet for some, Ms. Chargui crossed a red line in sharing an image mimicking the sacred text, according to Amna Guellali, Amnesty Internationals Tunis-based deputy director for the Middle East and North Africa.

Some of the comments on Facebook show that what she did is still taboo, even for progressive people, said Ms. Guellali, who said the decision was disproportionate to the perceived offense.

For now, as Ms. Chargui waits for a ruling on her appeal, her life is filled with uncertainty.

Her landlord, she said, had ordered her family to leave the house they have been renting in Tunis for 10 years, because he wants nothing to do with us.

Lilia Blaise reported from Tunis and Elian Peltier from London.

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Tunisian Woman Sentenced to Prison Over Joke Alluding to the Quran - The New York Times

Protect freedom of speech and expression – Suhakam – Aliran

The Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (Suhakam) wishes to express its concerns over the actions by the police using specific laws against activists, politicians, journalists and human rights defenders for exercising their freedom of expression.

Suhakam is of the view that the enjoyment of freedom of expression should only be restricted as provided by the law to the extent necessary and proportionate to achieve legitimate aims such as national security and public order. Restrictive laws which are essential for political stability, racial harmony and economic prosperity cannot be used as tools to restrict any political contestation and peoples mobilisation against it.

Suhakam notes that Section 233 of the Communications and Multimedia Act and laws such as the Sedition Act 1948, the Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 and Sections 504 and 505 of the Penal Code and The Security Offences (Special Measures) Act 2012 (Sosma) are being used to censor, intimidate, silence critics and curtail freedom of expression and speech.

Suhakam is concerned with the ongoing use of restrictive laws, which are not in line with human rights principles as expounded in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and Article 10 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia on freedom of opinion and expression. Anyone exercising their right to freedom of speech and expression should not be made to suffer or be fearful of retaliation or intimidation.

Therefore, Suhakam calls on the government to:

Suhakam wishes to remind the government of its duty and responsibility to protect the peoples right to free speech, in line with Article 10 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, which guarantees Malaysian citizens the right to freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and freedom of association, as a democratic nation should be.

Our voluntary writers work hard to keep these articles free for all to read. But we do need funds to support our struggle for Justice, Freedom and Solidarity. To maintain our editorial independence, we do not carry any advertisements; nor do we accept funding from dubious sources. If everyone reading this was to make a donation, our fundraising target for the year would be achieved within a week. So please consider making a donation to Persatuan Aliran Kesedaran Negara, CIMB Bank account number 8004240948.

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Protect freedom of speech and expression - Suhakam - Aliran

Interview: Cory Booker – Making real the ideals of our country | Open Future – The Economist

Jul 14th 2020

THE PAST IS never dead. It's not even past, wrote William Faulkner, an American novelist. The observation rings especially true for the agonising problem of race in America. After centuries of slavery and segregation, African-Americans achieved formal legal equality only in the 1960s. Yet discrimination persists and they are far more likely to be victims of police violence than other demographic groups.

Cory Booker is a Democratic senator from New Jersey with bold ideas on how to improve the situation. In an interview with The Economist, he traced the cords of injustice that lay the foundation for todays problems, and offered solutions ranging from baby-bond legislation (giving poor children trust accounts) to removing ageing lead pipes that literally poison the countrys children.

Thats not radical, he says about these sorts of reforms, but common moral sense. The interview below with Mr Booker has been lightly edited.

***

The Economist: When you see a mass movement for racial justice happening again in this country and when you see frustration, not just over criminal justice, but the fact that black and white income gaps and wealth gaps are basically the same since 1968, what does that make you conclude about American society and government? Is it that formal legal equality has failed to guarantee equality of opportunity for black Americans?

Cory Booker: Look, we are a nation that has strong, sort of unbroken cords of racial injustice that have been with us for generations. And where lots of generational wealth has been created through the GI Bill [support to veterans for housing and education] through Social Security, through the Homestead Act, which granted massive tracts of land to new immigrants to this country. These are things that blacks were excluded from, that were barriers to economic opportunity.

We have a nation like that, up into my lifetime. My parents literally had to get a white couple to pose as us in order to buy a home in an affluent area of suburban New Jersey with great public schools. But we still live in a country where this denial of equal education is a part of our national fabric. Even today, we see schools that African-Americans attend receiving dramatically less funding than schools that are predominantly white.

These strong cords of injustice have never been broken. Our prison population has gone up about 500% since 1980 alone. Theres no difference between blacks and whites in using drugs or dealing drugs. But African-Americans were arrested for those crimes at rates three or four times higher than whites.

We have powerful, powerful forces of overt and institutional racism over the years that has really underdeveloped African-American opportunity and equality. It stretches now from the health-care system to issues of environmental justice. The number one indicator of whether you live around a Superfund site [designated a heavily polluted area] or drink dirty water or breathe unclean air is the colour of your skin. All of these things in their totality create a nation that still has such savage disparities and outcomes based upon race.

And I am encouraged that in this momentand I hope it's not a moment, I hope it grows to a greater movementthere is a greater expansion of our circles of empathy for each other. A greater understanding of the injustices that are there. It seems to be the dawning of an expansion of our moral imagination about how we can actually become a nation of equality, a nation of justice, and a nation that honors its highest values with a reality that reflects them.

The Economist: And how do you begin that difficult task of unwinding those deep threads that have not ever been broken? Whether its housing, policing, criminal justice, environmental issueshow do you start that? And do you feel optimistic about the possibility of change on some of those entrenched policy areas?

Mr Booker: Well, in a larger sense, first of all, the personal pronoun you use: I hope it's not a you, I hope its how do we do that? It's very hard in our country for us to create leaps in advancement without there being a greater sense of collective we, and a collective responsibility. The incredible legislation that's passed in our past from the suffrage movement to the labour movement to the civil-rights movement of the 1960s were all movements that happen because large swathes of American people put on personal responsibility to make dramatic change. The progressive movement in the 1920s was fuelled by people who weren't often directly affected by issues, seeing an urgency to change based on a growing consciousness.

It seems to be the dawning of an expansion of our moral imagination about how we can actually become a nation of equality

That is still ongoing: trying to expose the realities that are affecting our country as a whole and black people in particular, so that people feel a sense of moral urgency to address them. There are things that go on in our prison system that most Americans dont realise happen: that we shackle pregnant women when they're giving birth, that we put children in solitary confinement for extensive periods of times, even though our psychological professionals say that its torturous and causes brain damage.

I was encouraged when I heard very learned people telling me they never knew about what happened in Tulsa, Oklahoma. [The prosperous neighbourhood of Greenwood, known as Black Wall Street, was destroyed by white residents in 1921.] Where people didn't know about the many places around this country that had seen such racial terror to the point where thousands upon thousands of Americans were lynched, often elected leaders, poor judges pulled out into streets and beaten. These stories have just been whitewashed from our history. I'm hopeful that we are at a period where awareness is growing, and with that, a sense of urgency to address it.

Now, when you talk about me in a particular senseand use that personal pronoun like you, Cory Booker, as a senatorI have an obligation to try to continue to push the bounds of justice as a United States senator and propose things that will actually have a very practical impact on disparities.

For example, baby-bond legislation is not that sexy, but it's this idea that every child, regardless of race, born in our nation, gets a $1,000 savings account. And then based upon their income, just like we base the earned-income tax credit, that child will get up to $2,000 a year placed in an interest-bearing account that compounds interest. By the time they're 18, the lowest-income American kids will have upwards of $50,000 saved.

Columbia University looked at that legislation for young adults and found it would virtually close the racial wealth gap. Policy solutions like that, like massive expansions of the earned-income tax credit [which tops up the wages of low-income Americans] or the child tax credit. These are things that affect poverty overall in our country, but would end poverty for a significant percentage of African Americans.

The Economist: After this period of consciousness-raising, what else might go in a Great Society-like radical programme of change, assuming that Mitch McConnell and Donald Trump were not part of this conversation for the moment?

Mr Booker: I hope that our policies begin to reflect what real public safety is. We know unequivocally by the facts that expanding Medicaid lowers violence. Expanding the earned-income tax credit lowers violence. You can go through these things that you know empower people. There are pilot programmes all over this country that show that dealing with people who are struggling with mental illness with police causes their death.

I hope that our policies begin to reflect what real public safety is

Black folks are 2.5 times more likely to be killed by a police officer than somebody white. Someone with a mental illness is over ten more likely to be killed by the police than someone whos white. And to think that we actually could have services that help people have [mental] health-care. Thats not radical, that's just common fiscal sense, as well as common moral sense. To have an expansive view of public safety, to start investing as a society into those things that help people, who are hurt and fragile, can lead to greater human flourishing.

Our country is an outlier. We really dont do much for children until they turn five or six. So we lead industrial nations in infant mortality, in maternal mortality and in low-birthweight babies. It would be cheaper to revive at-risk women doula-care than to pay the extraordinary costs of premature birth. Something called nurse-family partnershipswhich is just having a nurse visit a home to be supportive with information for at-risk pregnant womenactually lowers encounters with police dramatically. Every taxpayer dollar you spend on the programme saves four or five taxpayer dollars because it lowers visits to the emergency room for that mother and that child.

Its not like we dont know how to elevate human potential while saving taxpayer dollars, or how to lower our reliance on police, courts and prisons. We know enough already. Its just that were not, as a society, collectively prioritising what would be a much more beloved way to move forward. And so this greater human consciousness, I hope elevates this ideal that, whether youre a fiscal conservative or a progressive liberal, these are things that abide with all of our values. Its why Ive had some success moving criminal-justice reform with strange partners, like the Koch brothers or the Heritage Foundation.

In a globally competitive environment, America is really falling behind those nations that do a better job of elevating human flourishing and human potential. The number China has in their top 10% of their high-school students is relatively close to the number of all of our high-school students. In a global knowledge-based society, your greatest natural resource is the genius of your children.

In a globally competitive environment, America is really falling behind those nations that do a better job of elevating human flourishing and human potential

And were doing a bad job because were a nation that has an astonishingly high level of children whose brains are addled by permanent lead damage. There are over 3,000 jurisdictions where children have more than twice the blood-lead level of Flint, Michigan, and they are disproportionately black and brown children. And so right now we don't even care enough. And I know we have the heart for it, but were not manifesting it in our policies to do something simple, which would have been a fraction of the last covid-19 bill. Why dont we as a country replace every lead service line in America that goes to our schools, to day-care centres and to homes in the United States that would actually pay for itself through the productivity of those children and saving them from the violence associated with lead poisoning.

There are a lot of common-sense things that we can do that should accord with the values of everybody who calls themselves pro-life to everybody who calls themselves a progressive, but we're just not doing it.

And so this is what the echoed words of our ancestors said. Martin Luther King, who wrote in his Letter from Birmingham Jail, was very critical. He actually said Im not as upset with the White Citizens Council or the KKK, I'm far more upset with the white moderates who are doing nothing. And he eloquently said that we have to repent in our day and age, not just for the vitriolic words and violent actions of the bad people, but the appalling silence and inaction of the good people.

Well, I fear that we will have to repent in our generation, if more of us who are good peopleand that is the overwhelming majority of Americanslet another generation go by, where we dont correct these persistent injustices with strategies that we know work and that we know will save us taxpayer dollars. Yet we fail to engage in the struggle to make them possible. As the great abolitionist Frederick Douglass said, If theres no struggle, there is no progress.

The Economist: A programme like baby bonds, which would do a lot on the racial wealth gap, would take 18 years for those accounts to accrue. And in the present day, theres a strong racial child-poverty gap. What do you see as the tools to fix that problem?

Mr Booker: The two very obvious tools are a massively expanded earned-income tax rate by more than half and a massively expanded child tax credit, like a lot of our peer nations do. But there's other tools that wed have to use to catch us up to the rest of the industrial world, like having affordable child care. We have a country in which child care in most states is more expensive than state-college tuition. It is unconscionable that we are doing that.

These are insane things that go on in this country that in our peer nations do not

We have something called the mortgage-interest deduction, for example, that is overwhelmingly used by the higher income. That tax expenditure goes to the wealthy in our country overwhelmingly. Why dont we do something for working people in America and have a rental tax credit if youre paying more than a one-third of your income on rent, which would cut poverty by the millions in America and give people security? One of the things that so undermine student performance are families who face evictions and are jumping from apartment to apartment. So theyre facing issues of fairness in our tax code like the ones I just mentioned, while also dealing with issues like paid family leave or child care that would take America so far in ending racial gaps.

A friend of mine named Natasha who worked a minimum-wage job couldn't afford housing. Her son was sick with asthma. Again, a black child is about ten times more likely to die of asthma complications than a white child. And she had to make a terrible decision of whether to stay at her job and get a pay-cheque that she really needed to keep a roof over the head of her kid, or to leave and go across the street and be with her child in the emergency room who was gasping for breath. I mean, these are insane things that go on in this country that in our peer nations do not. And we put our families in deep levels of stress and anxiety that ultimately undermines their overall flourishing.

We in this generation can end those things if we are committed to making real the ideals of our country and the laws of our countrythat we really are a nation that believes in life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that believes in human flourishing; that believes in equal justice under the law. And these are things that I think are long past [due]. Time has come. And, interestingly, they poll really well on both sides of the political aisle. But our people in elected office need more of a push to make them the law of land.

The Economist: You remain the optimist.

Mr Booker: Thank you. Forever, a prisoner of hope. And if anything, our nation's history is testimony, the triumph of hope, often under insurmountable conditions and odds.

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Interview: Cory Booker - Making real the ideals of our country | Open Future - The Economist

Federal agency: Supporting ‘Black Lives Matter’ isn’t partisan or political – USA TODAY

A man was recorded throwing red paint onto the Black Lives Matter mural that was painted on the street in front Trump Tower in New York City. Wochit

Expressing support for the "Black Lives Matter" movement isn't political or partisan, an independent federal agency has said in an opinion addressingquestions from federal employees on the topic.

The U.S. Office of Special Counsel cleared the way for federal employees to support the Black Lives Matter movement and the Black Lives Matter Global Networkwhile on duty, includingwearing or displaying materials related to the cause, according toanadvisory opinionobtained by USA TODAY. The opinion was first issued July 10 and updated Tuesday.

The U.S. Office of Special Counsel is an independent federalagency which investigates Hatch Act violations.The Hatch Act prohibits appointed federal employees from participating in several types of partisan political activities, such as running for office, hosting fundraisers, making campaign speeches or distributing campaign materials.

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"The Hatch Act generally allows employees to engage in BLM-related activity while on duty or in the workplace," the opinion says, while also stipulatingactivity involving more overtly political actions would be prohibited. The opinion is also narrowly focused on the Hatch Act, meaning other laws or rules may be relevant to certain federal employees.

The opinion comes as President Donald Trump has criticized the Black Lives Matter movement. In early July, he called a proposed New York City Black Lives Matter mural a "symbol of hate." That mural was later paintedpainted on Fifth Avenue in front of Trump Tower.

Trump and aides have described some supporters of Black Lives Matter as vandals, citingproperty damage and some violence duringnationwide protests of police brutality, particularly after theMay 25 death of George Floyd at the hands of officers in Minneapolis.

The U.S. Office of Special Counselacknowledged the Black Lives Matter movementhas become a "'hot-button'issue," complicated by the use of "Black Lives Matter" as an umbrella term for a social movement.TheBlack Lives Matter Global Networkis the most prominent organization tied to that movement, the opinion says.

The agency reached its opinion because the Black Lives Matter movement concerns itself with issues such as racism, which are not inherently aligned with a single political party. And the prominentBlack Lives Matter Global Networkdid not meet any criteria for a "partisan political group," in part because the group says it will fight against officials from both parties who do not share its beliefs.

"An employee is not prohibited by the Hatch Act from expressing support for, or opposition to, the BLM movement while on duty or in the workplace. But the employee may not say, for example, 'if you believe that Black Lives Matter, then you should vote for/against X in November,' " the advisory opinionsays.

The agency notedit made a similar ruling about the Tea Party movement, known for its push to reduce the size of government, during the Obama administration.

TheBlack Lives Matter Global Network tracesits roots tobotha hashtagand a political projectaftertheacquittal of George Zimmerman in the 2012 killing of Trayvon Martin.Foundersof the organization include PatrisseCullors, Alicia Garza, and Opal Tomet.

Themost important directive of Black Lives Matter,Cullors has said,is to deal with anti-black racism,to push for black peoples right to live with dignity and respect and be included in theAmerican democracy that they helped create.

What setsBlack Lives Matter apart from other social justice groups, however,is its decentralized approach and reliance almost solely on local, rather than national, leadership. Cullors said organizing is often spontaneous and not directed byone person or group of people.

Contributing: Ryan Miller, David JacksonandJessica Durando, USA TODAY;John Tuohy,Indianapolis Star

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Federal agency: Supporting 'Black Lives Matter' isn't partisan or political - USA TODAY

Check Out This Amazing Music Video Shot on the Black Lives Matter Mural – Washingtonian

LaTeal in Black Lives Matter Plaza during the video shoot. Photograph by Reese Bland.

OnRa LaTeal has been making activism-driven music in DC for many years, but her latest video has received more attention than ever before. A Howard grad who is now a Journalism and Media Arts educator, LaTeal recently shot the video for Middle Finger to the Law at the spot near the White House that the city has renamed Black Lives Matter Plaza. The song, which will appear on her forthcoming album, Black Joy Experience Vol. 2., was inspired by the recent protests over the killing of George Floyd.

I am a music producer, videographer, and creative arts educator. I like to call myself a Liberation Music Maker because most of the music I produce is made to support the movement for Black lives. I am mostly known for transforming sounds from the movement into contemporary music. One of my latest musical works includes the Black Joy Experience, a musical compilation album of freedom songs and liberation chants I produced in partnership with the national member-based organization Black Youth Project 100.

My favorite artist quote is by Nina Simone, who once said, it is an artists duty to reflect the times that we are in. So as of late, I have been using my superpowers to create an audio/visual soundtrack highlighting the DC communitys response to the murders of Black people by state sanctioned violence across the nation. My music videos include footage from direct actions held by organizations like Black Lives Matter DC, Black Youth Project 100, Freedom Fighters DC, and local community activists. I normally attend these organizations protests to capture audio/video footage and later produce a musical track (or liberation chant remix) that embodies the overall mood and emotions I observed from participating protestors.

I refer to my chant remixes as fight songs because the goal is to get you amped up to enter revolutionary combat. Whether your fighting is done through writing legislation, attending a protest, facilitating healing circles, leading dance classes for youth of color, or resting in Black joy, I want my music to get supporters ready to battle fearlessly for the complete liberation of all Black people.

As a Black, queer woman, I want the stories that are later told about this moment in history to include the audio/visual soundtrack I am creating. I feel that its necessary for those stories to come directly from the perspective of someone who is intimately affected by and fighting against systemic oppression.

Most recently, I created a hip-hop remix to my favorite liberation chant, Middle Finger to the Law. I was previously introduced to this chant through Black Youth Project 100 while attending a few of their direct actions. It was during these moments when I noticed that the chant was clearly an entire vibe.

Every time I hear this chant at a protest, it gets people so hype and lifted that the energy in the space immediately goes from 0 to 100. Considering the recent demand from several Black organizers nationwide to defund the police, I wanted to support my comrades call to action by creating a fight song to amplify their demand.

Since the chant is already so igniting when performed a cappella, I knew that I needed to create an accompanying instrumental that could either match its energy or just completely send peoples adrenaline level into outer space. From what Im hearing from my comrades since releasing the music video, it seems that I did a pretty good job!

I am a classically trained instrumentalist who attended Suitland High Schools Center for Visual and Performing Arts, so that training really supports my composing abilities. I normally pray before sitting down to create, just to simply ask for musical ideas and a clear mind. My creating always comes best when Im resting in a positive spiritual space. On the other hand, Im super competitive, so my creative brain gets super active when Im being challenged by what I like to call an evil nemesis. Oddly, a good deal of my best works have come from a competition I have conjured up with a fellow artist in my head.

Shooting the video at BLM Plaza was incredible! I hit up a couple comrades from Black Lives Matter DC and Black Youth Project 100s DC Chapter and they basically brought out their whole squad to support. When I started to set up my equipment, there were about five young men hanging out so I asked them to help me set up because I was shooting a music video. They were super hype to help and asked me over and over again if they could make a cameo appearance. I didnt know that the small group of five would turn into an entire crowd!

The great thing about BLM Plaza is that it has basically turned into a mural where everyone wants to visit and take selfies. So mural visitors began congregating around us while shooting. What started out as a music video shoot quickly transformed into a Black joy community event, which is in complete alignment with the albums mission. I received countless requests from people passing by to join in so youll see more than a few people just partying and vibing with me and the organizers in the video. At one point I just said, Okay! Everyone jump in! It was really just to accommodate everyone. I didnt want anyone to feel left out. The energy was just so positive and affirming.

I am a long-time educatorIm always making it a point to include youth in my work. I reached out to a local dance troupe called the Silver Starlets, a young LED mask designer and skateboarder named FRO LITES, and an amazing hip-hop ballerina named Nya C. They all came prepared with routines and brought along so much young Black joy to the shoot.

For my Middle Finger to the Law video, I wanted to wear a statement piece that plainly symbolized Black culture and Black history in the boldest and most overt way possible. Every Black person born in the 90s is familiar with the hip-hop clothing brand FUBU. The brand was and is not only Black owned, but their slogan, For Us, By Us, basically made the brand feel super exclusive to Black people. My amazing artist friend Nia Keturah is reigniting the brand using art activism. She has basically developed FUBU WORLD, a distant galaxy that Black people can escape to and rid themselves of the chains of white supremacy. In FUBU WORLD everyone rocks FUBU gear, especially the FUBU jumpsuit you see me wearing in my music video.

My fingernails design was definitely intentional. I knew that I wanted my camera person and videographer, Teddy Gee, to grab multiple close-up shots of me beat mixing during the shoot, which meant that my hands would ultimately be the main attraction. So I figured it would be crazy cool to do something that would make people look once, look twice, then have to ask, What do your fingernails say? I was asked countless times during the shoot! Getting the letters to spell out DEFUND MPD on my nails was simply to drive home the overall messaging of the song in a non-traditional way.

It was also funny getting the letters painted on. Judy, my nail technician, had to basically turn my hands upside down while painting to make sure the letters read correctly on camera. She asked me to explain DEFUND MPD to her after she was done. My simple response was, LESS MONEY FOR THEM, MORE MONEY FOR OUR COMMUNITY! I promise I didnt yell at her, but thats how it came out in my head.

I consider myself a Liberation Music Maker who uses my beats to fight for the freedom of all Black people. Most importantly, I am a longtime advocate for youth. As a creative arts educator based in the District, Ive worked with organizations on a local, national, and international level to serve young people over the last eight years. Whether it is teaching in the classroom or hosting community events, Ive always been dedicated to serving and developing youth artistically in our city.

Im specifically interested in designing creative spaces for girls of color. I work with schools and youth serving organizations across the city through my grassroots program, Black Girls Handgames Project (BGH). The project revitalizes age-old games such as Miss Mary Mack, Gigolo, and Rockin Robin with soulful hip-hop remixes created by and featuring Black women and girls. As the co-founder of BGH, I use the project to elevate gender equality in the field of music production by teaching teenage girls fundamental skills in beat-making.

Ive also spent years creating spaces for youth of color to gain access to mentorship and training in STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) career fields. A lot of my work as an educator and community organizer for youth involves producing high-quality learning opportunities and curating community-driven events offering teens in the city the platform to showcase their creative works to thousands of DC, Maryland, and Virginia community members.

I often say that Black joy is a form of resistance because it is something that we arent always entitled to. It is no secret that Black people have faced centuries of trauma and abuse. Today, Black women like Breonna Taylor can be murdered by law enforcement while sleeping peacefully in their homes. Black men like George Floyd can be killed by police officers after not being granted a simple breath of air for over eight minutes. These mere facts are a means for Black people to be everything except joyful. However, we as Black people seem to find a way to center ourselves in joy. As stated in a 2017 Black Youth Project article by Imani Jackson, We have always been people who prioritized joy. Joy gives us love, family, art, music and resilience. So even during a tumultuous time such as this in our country, I find myself using my art to combat oppressive systems, but most importantly to support my people in reclaiming the joy that we deserve.

Ive been to more than a few protests over the last several months, some with hundreds of people marching alongside me. One where I even experienced being pepper sprayed for the first time. However, the most significant moment I experienced was during a children-led protest hosted by Kendra Johnson, founder of the self-care and community movement Tribe Healer. The protest involved no more than 20 people, 75% being children. The youngest was being pushed in a stroller by their mother, and the oldest was about nine years old.

The children marched down MLK [Avenue] with their handmade signs, holding hands and yelling, We are black! We are strong! Our lives matter! While it may not have been as high profile with the press and hundreds of people in attendance, this march was the most memorable for me because this is the day that I came to a crucial realization. It is our duty to use everything within us to make sure that these babies dont have to step foot onto this battle field with us ever again. We fight so that our kids wont have to.

I want for all my Black fellow creators to know that you have the power to make a difference. Dont be afraid to create and share your work. This is not the time to be shy or feel that youre interrupting the movement. Create with a purpose to support the movement for Black lives. Whether its music, video, photo, fashion, event curation, blogging, cooking, teaching, dance, hair styling, or wherever you feel your gifts may lay, be bold and unapologetic. We need you and your talents now more than ever. Im here with you. We are in this fight together.

Join the conversation!

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Check Out This Amazing Music Video Shot on the Black Lives Matter Mural - Washingtonian

Shaw: The crisis at our border continues – Grand Forks Herald

The migrants are not criminals or animals, as President Trump has called them. They are desperate people fleeing life-threatening gang violence, and hoping for a new life. One migrant had three members of her family shot dead, while she miraculously survived five bullet wounds. Another migrant woman joined a peaceful protest in Guatemala and then those protesters started disappearing. Going back to Guatemala would be a death sentence.

My gut hurts. I feel physical pain after hearing these stories, said trip organizer Vicki Schmidt of West Fargo. These are people with hopes and dreams. They have been physically and mentally traumatized, and theyre treated like vermin. I feel so hopeless, sad and embarrassed.

One group member, Martha Castanon of Moorhead, was a migrant farm worker for 40 years.

It brought me back to when I was a migrant worker, Castanon said. Seeing the poverty, the lack of water, and the injustices really bothered me. They said were not criminals. Were just seeking a better way of life. It was heartbreaking to hear the stories.

The Rev. Karin Moberg, who serves Lutheran churches in Walcott, Christine and Hickson, N.D., felt a calling to go to the border.

We believe to ignore migrants is a contradiction of Gods will, Moberg said. I was powerfully moved by personal stories, the experience of traveling here, and how vulnerable they are. They came to our borders with lots of hope of being in a safe place, and they were not welcomed.

One huge problem the group found is that the migrants are tossed around in a very confusing and inconsistent court system, designed to work against them. Many dont have the money or transportation to make it to court. Otherwise, a migrant will show up for a court hearing, and that hearing is constantly delayed without adequate explanation.

Rep. Josh Boschee, D-Fargo, and Karen Ehrens, Bismarck, do art work with migrant children in Juarez, Mexico. Special to The Forum

The problem is, our policy is a continuing moving target, said Rep. Josh Boschee, D-Fargo. The rules keep changing. We have underfunded immigration courts.

They shared how badly they were treated and the excuses as to why their court cases have been delayed, said Rep. Ruth Buffalo, D-Fargo. When you have innocent people whose lives are being ripped apart, our policies need to change. The criminalization and dehumanization of the migrants is disheartening.

The group couldnt do much to change the situations for the migrants, but just listening to their stories and offering love and support made a big difference. Up until now, the migrants felt nobody cared about them.

Dr. Mary Jo Lewis of Fargo does artwork with migrant children in Juarez, Mexico. Special to The Forum

I have never choked up or teared up more in my life, said former Moorhead Mayor Del Rae Williams. The inhumanity of it. All that was happening to these women and children and nobody cared. We dont know how lucky we are.

Indeed, we need to constantly remember how lucky we are.

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Shaw: The crisis at our border continues - Grand Forks Herald

Milestones and events of the Queen’s long reign – shropshirestar.com

As the Queen reaches 25,000 days on the throne, here are some of the events and milestones of her reign:

1952: George VI dies and Princess Elizabeth becomes Queen. Flood devastates the Devon village of Lynmouth. Mau Mau rising in Kenya.

1953: Sweet rationing ends in Britain. Queen Mary dies. Everest conquered on eve of the Coronation.

1954: Study links cancer to smoking. Crash grounds BOACs Comet aircraft. French defeated at Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam. Elvis releases his first record. Roger Bannister breaks the four-minute mile record.

1955: Cyprus goes on strike against British rule. Sir Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister due to his failing health. The Warsaw Pact is signed by the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies. Princess Margaret calls off plans to marry Group Captain Peter Townsend.

1956: Hungarian uprising and Suez crisis. Teddy Boys rock around the clock. Prince Rainier III of Monaco marries American film actress Grace Kelly.

1957: Prime Minister Harold Macmillan tells a Tory rally most of our people have never had it so good. The Treaty of Rome sets up the European Economic Community. Russians launch the Sputnik satellite, the first man-made object ever to leave the Earths atmosphere.

1958: Race riots flare in Notting Hill. Manchester United players die in the Munich air crash.

1959: The Mini car makes its first appearance and the first UK motorway, the M1, opens.

1960: Macmillans Wind Of Change speech. Princess Margaret marries Tony Armstrong-Jones.

1961: John F Kennedy succeeds Dwight D Eisenhower as US president. Berlin Wall rises. Soviet Union puts first man, Yuri Gagarin, into space.

1962: US spaceman John Glenn orbits the Earth. The Cuban Missile crisis is resolved.

1963: Lord Beeching wields the axe on British Rail. Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream speech. John F Kennedy is assassinated. Profumo scandal. Great Train Robbery. One of the coldest, snowiest winters on record.

1964: Beatlemania grips the UK and US. Cassius Clay defeats Sonny Liston. Mary Quant pronounces Paris fashion out of date.

1965: Rhodesia declares independence. US bombs North Vietnam. Britain appoints its first female High Court judge.

1966: Swinging London revolves around Carnaby Street and the Kings Road. The Queen Mother undergoes major abdominal surgery. England win the World Cup. Aberfan disaster in Wales.

1967: Breathalyser introduced. Arab-Israeli War. Nigerian Civil War. Abortion and homosexuality are legalised.

1968: Enoch Powell makes rivers of blood speech. Ulster Troubles erupt with civil rights protests.

1969: Death penalty for murder permanently abolished in Britain. Prince of Waless Investiture at Caernarvon. British troops sent to Northern Ireland. American Neil Armstrong becomes first man to walk on the Moon. Woodstock music festival.

1970: Voting age cut from 21 to 18. North Sea oil fields discovered. First jumbo jet lands at Heathrow. Edward Heath wins election for the Tories. Colonel Muammar Gaddafi takes over as leader of Libya.

1971: British entry into EEC agreed. Decimalised currency launched in the UK. Angry Brigade bombs Employment Secretarys home.

1972: Miners strike and power crisis state of emergency declared. Industrial Relations Act disputes. Bloody Sunday. Duke of Windsor dies. First home video game system is released.

1973: Britain joins the EEC. The Princess Royal marries Captain Mark Phillips.

1974: Edward Heath loses narrowly to Harold Wilson, who wins second general election. US President Richard Nixon resigns over the Watergate affair.

1975: Margaret Thatcher becomes Conservative Party leader. Sex Discrimination and Equal Pay Acts. End of Vietnam War.

1976: James Callaghan replaces Wilson at No 10. One of the hottest summers on record. Concorde begins commercial flights.

1977: Lib-Lab pact. Grunwick picket clashes. Punk rock. Silver Jubilee. The Queen becomes a grandmother. Red Rum wins Grand National for a record third time.

1978: Rhodesia settlement. Anna Ford becomes ITNs first primetime woman newsreader. Red Brigades kidnap former Italian premier Aldo Moro. Worlds first test tube baby, Louise Brown, born in Oldham. Winter Of Discontent strikes.

1979: Margaret Thatcher becomes Britains first woman prime minister. Queens art adviser Anthony Blunt exposed as Russian spy. Fall of the Pol Pot regime in Cambodia. Islamic revolutionaries come to power in Iran.

1980: SAS storms Iranian Embassy. Runners Steve Ovett and Sebastian Coe win Olympic gold.

1981: Brixton riots. The Prince of Wales weds Lady Diana Spencer. Unemployment reaches 2.5 million. Britain in recession. The launch of the first space shuttle Columbia.

1982: Falklands War Prince Andrew is among those serving in the forces. Intruder in Queens bedroom. Pope visits Britain. King Henry VIIIs Mary Rose raised in the Solent. Prince William born. Economic recession.

1983: US President Ronald Reagans Star Wars speech. Russians shoot down Korean jetliner.

1984: The IRA bombs Grand Hotel, Brighton. Indira Gandhi assassinated. Bob Geldofs Ethiopia appeal. Miners strikes. Prince Harry born.

1985: Bradford City football stadium fire kills 56. Heysel stadium riot kills 39. Live Aid concert held to raise money for Ethiopian famine.

1986: Funeral of Duchess of Windsor at Frogmore. Prince Andrew marries Sarah Ferguson and becomes Duke of York.

1987: Zeebrugge disaster. The Great Storm sweeps through southern England. IRA bombs Enniskillen Remembrance Day parade. Hungerford massacre. Kings Cross fire.

1988: Piper Alpha oil platform disaster. Lockerbie jumbo jet bombing. Government loses Spycatcher legal battle. Professor Stephen Hawkings A Brief History Of Time is published.

1989: Hillsborough disaster. Berlin Wall falls. Tiananmen Square massacre. Author Salman Rushdie goes into hiding. Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web.

1990: John Major becomes prime minister. Iraq invades Kuwait. Nelson Mandela is released from prison. Poll tax riots.

1991: Allies launch Operation Desert Storm in Gulf War against Iraq. Russian president Mikhail Gorbachev resigns. Birmingham Six freed after 16 years in jail.

1992: The Queens annus horribilis the Princess Royal and Captain Phillips divorce, the Waleses and the Yorks separate, Windsor Castle goes up in flames. Black Wednesday the day Britain crashed out of the ERM. The break-up of Yugoslavia.

1993: Publication of the Prince of Waless intimate talk with Camilla Parker Bowles. The IRA bombs Warrington. Buckingham Palace opens to the public. Stephen Lawrence is stabbed to death in Eltham, south-east London.

1994: Labour leader John Smith dies. The Queen and French President Francois Mitterrand open the Channel Tunnel. 50th anniversary of D-Day. Prince of Wales admits adultery in TV documentary. IRA ceasefire. The Queen visits Russia. Genocide in Rwanda.

1995: Official Aids cases pass one million mark. Barings Bank collapses. Terrorist gas attacks panic Tokyo and Yokohama. VE Day and VJ Day commemorated. Princess Dianas Panorama interview.

1996: The Duke and Duchess of York divorce. The Prince and Princess of Wales divorce. Mid-air crash in India kills more than 350. Fire in Channel Tunnel. Ban on exports of British beef amid BSE crisis.

1997: New Labour under Tony Blair beats the Conservatives, ending 18 years of Tory rule. Royal Yacht Britannia decommissioned. Diana, Princess of Wales dies in Paris car crash. Scotland and Wales votes for devolution. Dolly the Sheep cloned. Handover of Hong Kong from Britain to China.

1998: War breaks out in Europe as a Nato coalition attacks Yugoslavia. Digital TV launched. Operation Desert Fox in Iraq. Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland. Omagh bombing.

1999: Birth of single European currency, the euro. Prince Edward marries Sophie Rhys-Jones.

2000: A new millennium and the Queen Mothers 100th year. British rower Steve Redgrave makes Olympic history by winning his fifth consecutive gold medal. George W Bush becomes US president.

2001: September 11 terrorist attacks. Foot-and-mouth outbreak in UK. First space tourist. Britain joins the US in strikes against the Taliban in Afghanistan.

2002: The Queens Golden Jubilee. The Queen Mother and Princess Margaret die. Twelve European Union countries adopt the euro.

2003: Britain and the US go to war against Saddam Husseins Iraq.

2004: Double Olympic gold for Kelly Holmes in 800m and 1,500m in Athens. Asian tsunami kills more than 100,000.

2005: Pope John Paul II dies and is succeeded by Pope Benedict XVI. The Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles. London wins 2012 Olympics bid. July 7 terror attacks in London. Civil partnerships give same-sex couples legal rights.

2006: The former Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein is hanged in Baghdad. Lebanon War.

2007: Gordon Brown replaces Tony Blair as Prime Minister. The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh celebrate their diamond wedding anniversary.

2008: Jury return a verdict of unlawful killing in the inquest into the death of Diana, Princess of Wales. The UK enters a recession following the financial crisis. Barack Obama is elected to become the first black US president.

2009: Singer Michael Jackson dies. Swine flu pandemic. MPs expenses scandal.

2010: David Cameron becomes Prime Minister, leading a Tory-Liberal Democrat coalition. The Queen becomes a great-grandmother for the first time when Savannah Phillips is born. Volcanic ash cloud blowing in from Iceland grounds flights. Burmas pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi is released from house arrest.

2011: Middle East uprising. Japanese tsunami. Nato air raids on Libya. Prince William marries Kate Middleton at Westminster Abbey. Queen visits Ireland. The summer riots.

2012: The Queen marks her Diamond Jubilee. London 2012 Olympics. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge announce they are expecting a baby.

2013: Continuing civil war in Syria. Pope Benedict XVI resigns. Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio becomesPope Francis. Baroness Thatcher and Nelson Mandela die. Prince George of Cambridge is born.

2014: Major flooding in England and Wales.The first same-sex wedding takes place after gay marriage becomes legal in England and Wales. Crisis in Iraq and Syria over the Islamic State militant group. Scotland votes no to independence. Ukraine crisis. Ebola epidemic.

2015: Attacks on Charlie Hebdo magazine in Paris. Princess Charlotte of Cambridge born. Conservative win majority in general election. Migrant crisis. The Queen becomes Britains longest reigning monarch. Terror attacks in Paris, including at theBataclan concert hall.

2016: Shooting at gay nightclub in Orlando. Queen celebrates her 90th birthday. British astronaut Tim Peake returns to Earth after a six-month mission on the ISS. The UK votes for Brexit in referendum on the EU. Theresa May becomes Prime Minister. The Queen becomes the worlds longest-reigning, still-serving monarch after the death of the king of Thailand.

2017: US President Donald Trump takes office. The Queen reaches her Sapphire Jubilee 65 years on the throne. Manchester Arena bombing. Early election. Grenfell Tower fire. The Queen and Philip celebrate their platinum wedding anniversary.

2018:Diplomatic row breaks out with Russia over poisoning of ex-spy Sergei Skripal. Prince Louis of Cambridge born.Prince Harry marries Meghan Markle.

2019: Notre Dame fire. Terrorist attack in Sri Lanka. Archie Mountbatten-Windsor is born to the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. Donald Trumps state visit to the UK. England win the Cricket World Cup. Theresa May resigns. Boris Johnson becomes Prime Minister. The Duke of York steps down from royal duties amid the Jeffrey Epstein scandal.

2020: Megxit Harry and Meghan quit royal life. Brexit the UK leaves the EU. Coronavirus outbreak. Lockdown in the UK. Black Lives Matter protests follow the death of George Floyd in the US.

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Milestones and events of the Queen's long reign - shropshirestar.com