Here’s the smallest AI/ML supercomputer ever – TechRadar

NEC is known for its vector processor-powered supercomputers, most notably the Earth Simulator. Typically, NECs vector processors have been aimed at numerical simulation and similar workloads, but recently NEC unveiled a platform that makes its latest SX-Aurora Tsubasa supercomputer-class processors usable for artificial intelligence and machine learning workloads.

The vector processor, with advanced pipelining, is a technology that proved itself long ago,wroteRobbert Emery, who is responsible for commercializing NEC Corporations advanced technologies in HPC and AI/ML platform solutions.

Vector processing paired with middleware optimized for parallel pipelining is lowering the entry barriers for new AI and ML applications, and is set to solve the challenges both today and in the future that were once only attainable by the hyperscale cloud providers.

TheSX-Aurora Tsubasa AI Platformsupports bothPython and TensorFlowdevelopment environments as well programming languages such as C/C++ and Fortran.

NEC offersmultiple versionsof its latest SX-Aurora Tsubasa versions for desktops and servers that can handle FHFL cards. The most advanced Vector Engine Processor model is the Type 20 that features 10 cores running at 1.6GHz and paired with 48GB HBM2 memory. The card offers a peak performance of 3.07 FP32 TFLOPS or 6.14 FP16 TFLOPS.

While peak performance numbers offered by the SX-Aurora Tsubasa look rather pale when compared to those offered by the latest GPUs (which are also a class of vector processors), such as NVIDIAs A100, NEC believes that its vector processors can still be competitive, especially on datasets that require 48GB of onboard memory (as NVIDIA only has 40GB).

As an added advantage, the NEC SX-Aurora Tsubasa card can run typical supercomputing workloads in a desktop workstation.

NEC does not publish prices of its SX-Aurora Tsubasa cards, but those who want to try the product can contact the company for quotes. In addition, it is possible totry the hardware in the cloud.

Sources:ITMedia,EnterpriseAI,NEC(viaHPCwire)

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Here's the smallest AI/ML supercomputer ever - TechRadar

CSC’s Supercomputer Mahti is Now Available to Researchers and Students – HPCwire

Our efficient national environment supports Finnish research by offering researchers competitive resources to solve even the toughest challenges in their fields, among the first. It also contributes to facilitating researchers access to more ambitious international collaborative research projects. The COVID-19 pandemic is a good indication of the importance of our research infrastructure. We can react quickly and allocate resources to research when a critical need arises, says Pekka Lehtovuori, Director of Computing Services at CSC.

Mahti is a robust liquid-cooled supercomputer capable of solving heavy computational tasks. Mahti can be used, for example, for computational drug design, extensive molecular dynamics simulations, or to model space weather and climate change.

Modern drug design requires extensive computational resources. Supercomputers can be used to analyze how a drug candidate affects the function of proteins in the body, but also to the side effects caused by the same drug. Personalized medicine is also highly dependent on the CSCs computing environment, says Antti Poso, Professor of Drug Design at the University of Eastern Finland and the University of Tbingen in Germany. Mahti is also contributing to the re-use of drugs, which enables a faster response even in situations such as COVID-19 pandemics

CSCs data management and computing services will also be open to educational use by higher education institutes.

With the new data management and computing environment, more and more people will be able to take advantage of modern research equipment. The CSC environment is now also available for educational use in universities and academic use in research institutes. The expanded user base helps ensure that we get all the benefits from the investment and that expertise is accumulated not only in CSC but also in user organizations, says Erja Heikkinen, Director at the Ministry of Education and Culture.

Mahti is the fastest supercomputer in the Nordic countries

The supercomputer Mahti is aBullSequana XH2000system fromAtoswith two 64-core AMD EPYC (Rome) processors in the nodes. This processor is the latest version of the EPYC family (7H12). The total amount of cores is about 180 000. There are almost 9 Petabytes of storage capacity in Mahti.

The interconnect network represents the latest technology, and its speed up to the nodes is 200 Gbps (Gigabits per second). Mahti is one of the worlds first supercomputers with such a fast interconnect.

Mahti ranked 47th in the Supercomputer Top500 list in June 2020 with a maximum performance of 5.39 Petaflops. The theoretical peak performance is 7.5 Petaflops. Mahti is the fastest supercomputer in the Nordic countriesand when compared to European ones, Mahti ranks as number 17.

On the recent Supercomputer Green500 list, Mahti ranked 44th. The Green500 lists the worlds most energy-efficient supercomputers. There are only 14 supercomputers that are faster and more energy-efficient than Mahti.

I am really proud of this achievement because of the flawless cooperation with the CSC project team, a perfect example of European cooperation. We set a common goal, which is to provide cutting edge HPC technology to researchers in Finnish universities and research institutes and achieved it, says Janne Ahonen,Atos Country Manager Finland & the Baltics.

CSCs new computing environment

The availability of Mahti completes the CSCs new data management and computing environment, which consists of Mahti, Puhti, and Allas.

Mahti is the robust supercomputer in CSCs environment, geared towards medium to large scale simulations. Puhti, a BullSequana X400 system from Atos, is a general-purpose supercomputerfor a wide range of use cases. Puhti was launched in autumn 2019.

Puhti Artificial Intelligence Partition Puhti-AI is a GPU-accelerated supercomputer and is specifically designed for artificial intelligence research and artificial intelligence applications.

The entire CSC computing environment is served by a common data management solution, Allas, that is based on CEPH object storage technology and has a storage capacity of 12 Petabytes.

About CSC

CSCis a Finnish center of expertise in ICT that provides world-class services for research, education, culture, public administration and enterprises, to help them thrive and benefit society at large. http://www.csc.fi

About Atos

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When it comes to hurricane models, which one is best? – 12newsnow.com KBMT-KJAC

Is the American or European forecast model more accurate? Let's connect the dots!

When it comes to hurricanes a lot of information can come at you fast, but when it comes to storm forecast models is one really better than the other?

Lets connect the dots.

American model vs. European model

The two global models you hear about the most are the American and European. The American is officially called the Global Forecast System model and is created and operate by the National Weather Service.

And it's no rink-dink forecast! It uses a supercomputer considered one of the fastest in the world.

The European model is officially called the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts and is the result of a partnership of 34 different nations.

European model outperforms big supercomputer

Looking at last years forecast, the European model did do better, especially when we were one to two days out from the storm. Thats according to the National Hurricane Center forecast verification report.

According to the Washington Post, it's because the European model is considered computationally more powerful. Thats thanks to raw super computer power and the math behind the model.

Meteorologists weigh in

No matter how much computer power you have you still need humans to interpret these models, and thats where a skilled meteorologist comes in.

They look at all the models, weigh their strengths and weakness and consider the circumstances for each storm. Thats how they let us know when to worry and when to stay calm.

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When it comes to hurricane models, which one is best? - 12newsnow.com KBMT-KJAC

SberCloud’s Cloud Platform Sweeps Three International Accolades At IT World Awards – Exchange News Direct

AI Cloud, the cloud platform of Sberbank ecosystems SberCloud, has won awards in three categories at the 15th international IT World Awards.

Featuring executives, professionals, and experts from the worlds top IT companies, the judging panel for the award recognized AI Cloud as the gold winner in the New Product-Service of the Year | Artificial Intelligence category, the silver winner in the Data Science Platforms category, and the bronze winner in the Hot Technology of the Year | Artificial Intelligence category.

The award was organized by Network Products Guide, industrys leading technology research and advisory guide from Silicon Valley, California, U.S., which shares insights with top executives of the worlds leading IT companies into the best IT products, solutions, and services.

David Rafalovsky, CTO of Sberbank Group, Executive Vice President, Head of Technology,

We are proud that the unique IT project of Sberbank and SberCloud has gained international recognition from a qualified jury. AI Cloud and the Christofari were designed for convenient and reliable use of artificial intelligence technology by a wide variety of entities and organizations, from startups and small businesses to large companies and research centers. Many of our partners and companies that are Sberbank ecosystem members already use AI Cloud and the Christofari to develop proprietary products and services.

The universal cloud platform AI Cloud has the computing power of the Christofari supercomputer at its core and allows for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) across a raft of business, industry, science, and education domains. AI Cloud users can work with data, create AI models, train neural networks, and tailor microservices from the latter to get things done in the cloud through a single interface as fast as possible.

Sberbank already uses AI algorithms to recognize and understand human speech while also utilizing them in voice assistants, voice interfaces, behavioral analytics, and other workflow situations.

The architecture and computing power of Russias fastest supercomputer Christofari, which was specially made in partnership with NVIDIA to work with AI, let stakeholders train program models based on complex neural networks in record time. Thanks to AI Cloud, the Christofari can be accessed from anywhere in the world where you can get an Internet connection. Its capacity, architecture, and affordability make it a unique supercomputer on a global scale.

SberCloud is a cloud platform developed by Sberbank Group to provide services through the IT architecture of the largest bank in Russia, CIS, and Eastern Europe. The infrastructure, IT platforms, and SberCloud services are the pillars of Sberbank Groups digital ecosystem, also being available to external customers, such as companies and governmental organizations.

The Christofari supercomputer is the fastest supercomputer in Russia. Designed by Sberbank and SberCloud together with NVIDIA, it is based on NVIDIA DGX-2 high performance nodes featuring Tesla V100 computing accelerators. According to the LINPACK benchmarks, the supercomputers Rmax value reached 6.7 PFLOPs, measuring a peak of 8.8 PFLOPs.

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SberCloud's Cloud Platform Sweeps Three International Accolades At IT World Awards - Exchange News Direct

Supercomputer Market Growth, Future Prospects And Competitive Analysis (2020-2026) – Bulletin Line

The research report on the global Supercomputer Market offers an all-encompassing analysis of recent and upcoming states of this industry which also analyzes several growth strategies for market growth. The Supercomputer report also focuses on the comprehensive study of the industry environment, and industry chain structure extensively. The Supercomputer report also sheds light on major factors including leading vendors, growth rate, production value, and key regions.

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The Supercomputer Market report introduces the industrial chain analysis, downstream buyers, and raw material sources along with the correct comprehensions of market dynamics. The Supercomputer Market report is articulated with a detailed view of the Global Supercomputer industry including Global production sales, Global revenue, and CAGR. Additionally, it offers potential insights about Porters Five Forces including substitutes, buyers, industry competitors, and suppliers with genuine information for understanding the Global Supercomputer Market.

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The Supercomputer Market study projects viability analysis, SWOT analysis, and various other information about the leading companies operating in the Global Supercomputer Market provide a complete efficient account of the viable environment of the industry with the aid of thorough company profiles. However, Supercomputer research examines the impact of current market success and future growth prospects for the industry.

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Supercomputer predicts where Spurs will finish in the 2020/21 Premier League table – The Spurs Web

With the Premier League fixtures for the 2020/21 season being released last week, it is that time of the year again when fans and pundits start predicting who will finish where.

There is some cause for optimism for Tottenham fans heading into the season, given the strong manner in which Jose Mourinhos men finished the 2019/20 campaign.

Tottenham only lost once in their final nine games after the restart, a run which enabled the club to sneak into sixth place and book their place in the Europa League.

Spurs will be hoping to carry on the momentum into the start of next season but they will be aiming a lot higher than sixth in what will be Mourinhos first full season in charge.

However, according to the predictions of Unikrns supercomputer (as relayed by The Mirror), the Lilywhites will once again miss out on the top four next season.

Based on its calculations, Spurs will end the season in fifth place, one place ahead of their North London rivals Arsenal. Manchester City are predicted to win the title next season just ahead of Liverpool, with Manchester United and Chelsea rounding off the top four.

Spurs Web Opinion

It is too early to be making any predictions considering the transfer market will be open for a while. I believe we will finish in the top four next season as long as we make at least three more intelligent additions (a right-back, centre-back and a striker).

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Supercomputer predicts where Spurs will finish in the 2020/21 Premier League table - The Spurs Web

A continent works to grow its stake in quantum computing – University World News

AFRICA

South Africa is a few steps ahead in the advancement of quantum computing and quantum technologies in general, said Mark Tame, professor in photonics at Stellenbosch University in the Western Cape.

South Africas University of KwaZulu-Natal has also been working on quantum computing for more than a decade, gradually building up a community around the field.

The buzz about quantum computing in South Africa just started recently due to the agreement between [Johannesburgs] University of the Witwatersrand and IBM, said Professor Francesco Petruccione, interim director, National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Science, and South African Research Chair in Quantum Information Processing and Communication at the School of Chemistry and Physics Quantum Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal.

Interest was intensified by Googles announcement last October that it had developed a 53-qubit device which it claimed took 200 seconds to sample one instance of a quantum circuit a million times. The IT company claimed it would take a state-of-the-art digital supercomputer 10,000 years to achieve this.

A University of Waterloo Institute for Quantum Computing paper stresses quantum computers ability to express a signal (a qubit) of more than one value at the same time (the superposition ability) with that signal being manifested in another device independently, but in exactly the same way (the entanglement ability). This enables quantum computers to handle much more complex questions and problems than standard computers using binary codes of ones and zeros.

The IBM Research Laboratory in Johannesburg offers African researchers the potential to harness such computing power. It was established in 2015, part of a 10-year investment programme through the South African governments Department of Trade and Industry.

It is a portal to the IBM Quantum Experience, a cloud-based quantum computing platform accessible to other African universities that are part of the African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA), which involves 16 of the continents leading universities (in Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda and South Africa).

Levelling of the playing field

The IBM development has levelled the playing field for students, [giving them] access to the same hardware as students elsewhere in the world. There is nothing to hold them back to develop quantum applications and code. This has been really helpful for us at Stellenbosch to work on projects which need access to quantum processors not available to the general public, said Tame.

While IBM has another centre on the continent, at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa in Nairobi, Kenya, in 2018 the University of the Witwatersrand became the first African university to join the American computing giants Quantum Computing Network. They are starting to increase the network to have an army of quantum experts, said Professor Zeblon Vilakazi, a nuclear physicist, and vice-chancellor and principal of the University of the Witwatersrand.

At a continental level, Vilakazi said Africa is still in a learning phase regarding quantum computing. At this early stage we are still developing the skills and building a network of young students, he said. The university has sent students to IBMs Zurich facility to learn about quantum computing, he said.

To spur cooperation in the field, a Quantum Africa conference has been held every year since 2010, with the first three in South Africa, and others in Algeria and Morocco. Last years event was in Stellenbosch, while this years event, to be hosted at the University of Rwanda, was postponed until 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Growing African involvement

Rwanda is making big efforts to set up quantum technology centres, and I have former students now working in Botswana and the Gambia. It is slowly diffusing around the continent, said Petruccione.

Academics participating at the Stellenbosch event included Yassine Hassouni of Mohammed V University, Rabat; Nigerian academic Dr Obinna Abah of Queens University Belfast; and Haikel Jelassi of the National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Tunisia.

In South Africa, experimental and theoretical work is also being carried out into quantum communications the use of quantum physics to carry messages via fibre optic cable.

A lot of work is being done on the hardware side of quantum technologies by various groups, but funding for these things is not the same order of magnitude as in, say, North America, Australia or the UK. We have to do more with less, said Tame.

Stellenbosch, near Cape Town, is carrying out research into quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing (the ability to detect if a quantum-sent message is being read).

I would like it to grow over the next few years by bringing in more expertise and help the development of quantum computing and technologies for South Africa, said Tame.

Witwatersrand is focusing on quantum optics, as is Petrucciones team, while there is collaboration in quantum computing with the University of Johannesburg and the University of Pretoria.

University programmes

Building up and retaining talent is a key challenge as the field expands in Africa, as is expanding courses in quantum computing.

South Africa doesnt offer a masters in quantum computing, or an honours programme, which we need to develop, said Petruccione.

This is set to change at the University of the Witwatersrand.

We will launch a syllabus in quantum computing, and were in the process of developing courses at the graduate level in physics, natural sciences and engineering. But such academic developments are very slow, said Vilakazi.

Further development will hinge on governmental support, with a framework programme for quantum computing being developed by Petruccione. There is interest from the [South African] Department of Science and Innovation. Because of [the economic impact of] COVID-19, I hope some money is left for quantum technology, but at least the government is willing to listen to the community, he said.

Universities are certainly trying to tap non-governmental support to expand quantum computing, engaging local industries, banks and pharmaceutical companies to get involved in supporting research.

We have had some interesting interactions with local banks, but it needs to be scaled up, said Petruccione.

Applications

While African universities are working on quantum computing questions that could be applicable anywhere in the world, there are plans to look into more localised issues. One is drug development for tuberculosis, malaria and HIV, diseases that have afflicted Southern Africa for decades, with quantum computings ability to handle complex modelling of natural structures a potential boon.

There is potential there for helping in drug development through quantum simulations. It could also help develop quantum computing networks in South Africa and more broadly across the continent, said Vilakazi.

Agriculture is a further area of application. The production of fertilisers is very expensive as it requires high temperatures, but bacteria in the soil do it for free. The reason we cant do what bacteria do is because we dont understand it. The hope is that as quantum computing is good at chemical reactions, maybe we can model it and that would lead to cheaper fertilisers, said Petruccione.

With the world in a quantum computing race, with the US and China at the forefront, Africa is well positioned to take advantage of developments. We can pick the best technology coming out of either country, and that is how Africa should position itself, said Vilakazi.

Petrucciones group currently has collaborations with Russia, India and China. We want to do satellite quantum communication. The first step is to have a ground station, but that requires investment, he said.

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Has the world’s most powerful computer arrived? – The National

The quest to build the ultimate computer has taken a big step forward following breakthroughs in ensuring its answers can be trusted.

Known as a quantum computer, such a machine exploits bizarre effects in the sub-atomic world to perform calculations beyond the reach of conventional computers.

First proposed almost 40 years ago, tech giants Microsoft, Google and IBM are among those racing to exploit the power of quantum computing, which is expected to transform fields ranging from weather forecasting and drug design to artificial intelligence.

The power of quantum computers comes from their use of so-called qubits, the quantum equivalent of the 1s and 0s bits used by conventional number-crunchers.

Unlike bits, qubits exploit a quantum effect allowing them to be both 1s and 0s at the same time. The impact on processing power is astonishing. Instead of processing, say, 100 bits in one go, a quantum computer could crunch 100 qubits, equivalent to 2 to the power 100, or a million trillion trillion bits.

At least, that is the theory. The problem is that the property of qubits that gives them their abilities known as quantum superposition is very unstable.

Once created, even the slightest vibration, temperature shift or electromagnetic signal can disturb the qubits, causing errors in calculations. Unless the superposition can be maintained long enough, the quantum computer either does a few calculations well or a vast amount badly.

For years, the biggest achievement of any quantum computer involved using a few qubits to find the prime factors of 15 (which every schoolchild knows are 3 and 5).

Using complex shielding methods, researchers can now stabilise around 50 qubits long enough to perform impressive calculations.

Last October, Google claimed to have built a quantum computer that solved in 200 seconds a maths problem that would have taken an ultra-fast conventional computer more than 10,000 years.

Yet even this billion-fold speed-up is just a shadow of what would be possible if qubits could be kept stable for longer. At present, many of the qubits have their powers wasted being used to spot and fix errors.

Now two teams of researchers have independently found new ways of tackling the error problem.

Physicists at the University of Chicago have found a way of keeping qubits stable for longer not by blocking disturbances, but by blurring them.

It is like sitting on a merry-go-round with people yelling all around you

Dr Kevin Miao, computing expert

In some quantum computers, the qubits take the form of electrons whose direction of spin is a superposition of both up and down. By adding a constantly flipping magnetic field, the team found that the electrons rotated so quickly that they barely noticed outside disturbances. The researchers explain the trick with an analogy: It's like sitting on a merry-go-round with people yelling all around you, says team member Dr Kevin Miao. When the ride is still, you can hear them perfectly, but if you're rapidly spinning, the noise blurs into a background.

Describing their work in the journal Science, the team reported keeping the qubits working for about 1/50th of a second - around 10,000 times longer than their lifetime if left unshielded. According to the team, the technique is simple to use but effective against all the standard sources of disturbance. Meanwhile, researchers at the University of Sydney have come up with an algorithm that allows a quantum computer to work out how its qubits are being affected by disturbances and fix the resulting errors. Reporting their discovery in Nature Physics, the team says their method is ready for use with current quantum computers, and could work with up to 100 qubits.

These breakthroughs come at a key moment for quantum computing. Even without them, the technology is already spreading beyond research laboratories.

In June, the title of worlds most powerful quantum computer was claimed not by a tech giant but by Honeywell a company perhaps best known for central heating thermostats.

Needless to say, the claim is contested by some, not least because the machine is reported to have only six qubits. But Honeywell points out that it has focused its research on making those qubits ultra-stable which allows them to work reliably for far longer than rival systems. Numbers of qubits alone, in other words, are not everything.

And the company insists this is just the start. It plans to boost the performance of its quantum computer ten-fold each year for the next five years, making it 100,000 times more powerful still.

But apart from bragging rights, why is a company like Honeywell trying to take on the tech giants in the race for the ultimate computer ?

A key clue can be found in remarks made by Honeywell insiders to Forbes magazine earlier this month. These reveal that the company wants to use quantum computers to discover new kinds of materials.

Doing this involves working out how different molecules interact together to form materials with the right properties. Thats something conventional computers are already used for. But quantum computers wont just bring extra number-crunching power to bear. Crucially, like molecules themselves, their behaviour reflects the bizarre laws of quantum theory. And this makes them ideal for creating accurate simulations of quantum phenomena like the creation of new materials.

This often-overlooked feature of quantum computers was, in fact, the original motivation of the brilliant American physicist Richard Feynman, who first proposed their development in 1981.

Honeywell already has plans to use quantum computers to identify better refrigerants. These compounds were once notorious for attacking the Earths ozone layer, but replacements still have unwanted environmental effects. Being relatively simple chemicals, the search for better refrigerants is already within the reach of current quantum computers.

But Honeywell sees a time when far more complex molecules such as drugs will also be discovered using the technology.

For the time being, no quantum computer can match the all-round number-crunching power of standard computers. Just as Honeywell made its claim, the Japanese computer maker Fujitsu unveiled a supercomputer capable of over 500 million billion calculations a second.

Even so, the quantum computer is now a reality and before long it will make even the fastest supercomputer seem like an abacus.

Robert Matthews is Visiting Professor of Science at Aston University, Birmingham, UK

Updated: August 21, 2020 12:06 PM

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Has the world's most powerful computer arrived? - The National

Galaxy Simulations Could Help Reveal Origins of Milky Way – Newswise

Newswise Rutgers astronomers have produced the most advanced galaxy simulations of their kind, which could help reveal the origins of the Milky Way and dozens of small neighboring dwarf galaxies.

Their research also could aid the decades-old search for dark matter, which fills an estimated 27 percent of the universe. And the computer simulations of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies could help shed light on how thefirst stars formed in the universe.

Our supercomputer-generated simulations provide the highest-ever resolution of a Milky Way-type galaxy, said co-author Alyson M. Brooks, an associate professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy in the School of Arts and Sciences at Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick. The high resolution allows us to simulate smaller neighbor galaxies than ever before the ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. These tiny galaxies are mostly dark matter and therefore are some of the best probes we have for learning about dark matter, and this is the first time that they have ever been simulated around a Milky Way-like galaxy. The sheer variety of the simulated galaxies is unprecedented, including one that lost all of its dark matter similar to whats been observed in space.

The Rutgers-led team generated two new simulations of Milky Way-type galaxies and their surroundings. They call them the DC Justice League Simulations, naming them after two women who have served on the U.S. Supreme Court: current Associate Justice Elena Kagan and retired Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor.

These are cosmological simulations, meaning they begin soon after the Big Bang and model the evolution of galaxies over the entire age of the universe (almost 14 billion years). Bound via gravity, galaxies consist of stars, gas and dust. The Milky Way is an example a large barred spiral galaxy, according to NASA.

In recent years, scientists have discovered ultra-faint satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, thanks to digital sky surveys that can reach fainter depths than ever. While the Milky Way has about 100 billion stars and is thousands of light years across, ultra-faint galaxies have a million times fewer stars (under 100,000 and as low as few hundred) and are much smaller, spanning tens of light years. For the first time, the simulations allow scientists to begin modeling these ultra-faint satellite galaxies around a Milky Way-type galaxy, meaning they provide some of the first predictions for what future sky surveys will discover.

In one simulation, a galaxy lost all its dark matter, and while real galaxies like that have been seen before, this is the first time anyone has simulated such a galaxy. These kinds of results tell scientists whats possible when it comes to forming galaxies, and they are learning new ways that neighbor galaxies can arise, allowing scientists to better understand what telescopes find.

In about a year, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, recently renamed the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, will begin a survey targeting the whole sky and scientists expect to find hundreds of ultra-faint galaxies. In recent years, surveys targeting a small patch of the sky have discovered dozens of them.

Just counting these galaxies can tell scientists about the nature of dark matter. Studying their structure and the motions of their stars can tell us even more, said lead author Elaad Applebaum, a Rutgers doctoral student. These galaxies are also very old, with some of the most ancient stars, meaning they can tell us about how the first stars formed in the universe.

Scientists at Grinnell College, University of Oklahoma, University of Washington, University of Oslo and the Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics contributed to the study.The research was funded by the National Science Foundation.

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Galaxy Simulations Could Help Reveal Origins of Milky Way - Newswise

Steven Pinker on coronavirus and capitalism – Spear’s WMS

The psychologist explains why unfettered free markets dont exist and the pandemic might not reshape society

Professor Steven Pinker has already eaten his lunch. Its rude to talk with food in your mouth so I did consume my lunch before our meeting, he tells me via Zoom. I glance at the spaghetti puttanesca Ive prepared off-screen. Itll have to wait.

He does, however, reassure me that he is in possession of liquid: a cup of nice strong British tea, which he raises to the camera (no milk, it must be mentioned). This is going to be more liquid than lunch, then. Fine.

Pinker, 65, is that rarefied species of public intellectual whose opinion is sought and valued on just about anything in the world that matters. A cognitive psychologist by trade (he lectures at Harvard), he has written several books on language and psycholinguistics, but his oeuvre has come to encompass a broader array of societal themes.

His entry into public consciousness came in 2011 with the publication of The Better Angels of Our Nature. The data-stacked opus examines how and why violence in societies has steadily declined. It was a critical success: Bill Gates called it the most inspiring book Ive ever read. If Angels took Pinker mainstream, then 2018s Enlightenment Now confirmed his status as a generational thinker.

The book passionately makes the case that the Enlightenment values of reason, science and humanism have brought about consistent human progress over time a thesis that he displayed in 15 ways. Life, health, prosperity, safety, peace, knowledge and happiness are on the rise, folks, if you havent noticed. The Microsoft founder called that one my new favourite book of all time.

But as well as turning Pinker into an intellectual A-lister, Enlightenment Now also made him something of a lightning rod.

The book has provoked everything from cartoons to fierce criticism. The New Statesmans John Gray was among the harshest critics, deriding the embarrassing treatise as a feeble sermon for rattled liberals. The intensity of the debate that Pinkers views have aroused is at odds with the warm and disarming manner of the genteel man on screen. If theres an ego here, its hard to detect on first impression.

If anything, the most remarkable part of the screen in front of me is Pinkers sprightly ashen hair. Weve connected to discuss, of course, coronavirus. The pandemic has forced changes to daily life around the world, and these changes have led to a wider conversation about society.

Deepening fault lines in inequality and wealth have been painfully exposed. Among policymakers and business leaders, there is a serious conversation about whether things once thought sacrosanct, such as free-market capitalism, can continue in their current shape. For Pinker, this debate over free-market capitalism is misguided. His position is that there is a failure on the part-libertarian right and the socialist left to draw a sloppy equation of free-market capitalism with anarchocapitalism.

Simply put: there is no such thing as a country without some form of regulation and social safety net and this is unlikely to change.

Unbridled, untrammelled free-market capitalism doesnt exist, he states. Instead, its a question of degrees. It doesnt prove that the libertarian fantasy of an unregulated free market is impossible. Maybe there is some daring country in the future which will try to dismantle its regulatory framework and social safety net that would have better outcomes of any existing society.

But it seems unlikely that after a century of expanding the social safety net including in the United States, the country that would seem to be most ideologically hostile to it its telling us that you really cannot have a free-market democracy without regulation and redistribution, partly because there are many people who simply have nothing to offer the market in exchange for sustenance.

But has a new standard for redistribution been set? I mention the UKs furlough scheme as an example of the state picking up the bill. Will the pandemic yield a shift in what people expect of their governments?

Again, Pinker gently pushes back. Theres a great temptation to predict that measures that were living with now will be sticky, and one has to be sceptical of those predictions. If in two years there is an effective vaccine, and a combination of social distancing, sanitation, antivirals, vaccines and herd immunity returns life to something closer to normal, how many of the measures that weve taken in the emergency will people want to retain? Its so easy to imagine the present as the way things always will be, but I expect there is a lot of overestimation of how much inertia there will be.

Still, he concedes there will be some change, mentioning face-to face meetings. People will probably see that so much can be accomplished on video-conferencing platforms, he says. Its almost comically modest when compared to some of the epochal changes that several blue-sky thinkers have been positing.

What about his central idea of human progress, a notion that underpins his careers writings? Does Covid-19 pose a setback to it? Pinker grows animated.

When it comes to the pandemic and whether it challenges the idea that progress is a genuine phenomenon, I think it reveals a common misunderstanding of the nature of progress, he states. The misconception holds progress as an idea that bad things can never happen again, that things automatically get better and better by itself. Instead, these forces of the universe and nature are indifferent to our wellbeing.

The threat of infection has always been with us, as long as complex life has existed, he says. The problem that this consists of is not that there is some cosmic escalator, but rather that to the extent that we use human ingenuity to fight back against the forces that grind us down [and] can make incremental improvements. We can remember the things that work, discard the experiments that dont, and chop away at the problems that afflict us.

Problems are inevitable, he says, and even some solutions create new problems: There is something not quite Sisyphean about progress, but it always has to overcome the forces that are dragging us own.

Coronavirus is one such force. Itll be terrible but it will be temporary, he says, taking a sip of tea. Despite the apparent rosiness of this assessment, its not to be framed in terms of optimism and pessimism, but instead as an argument against fatalism.

To the extent that we do apply reason and science to humanistic aims that is, making people better off as opposed to other aims like maximising national glory or the race of the culture or the class then progress is possible, he says. Its conditional optimism, rooted in the understanding that left to themselves things get worse, that only by the application of ingenuity and concern for our fellow humans that progress can take place.

Case closed, then. I might not have had lunch, but the conversation with Pinker has left me plenty to chew on. His central thesis is presented with such dexterity that it sounds obvious beyond question. So I dont.

The pandemic is a blip, unfettered free markets are a myth, and the steady march of progress continues. He might not call it optimism, but its certainly reassuring. Time to reheat the pasta.

Illustration: Russ Tudor

This piece was first published in issue 75 of Spears magazine

Dame Steve Shirley CH on Zoom, philanthropy and her upcoming biopic

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Ian Rankin: The Spears interview

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Steven Pinker on coronavirus and capitalism - Spear's WMS

Emmanuel Macron is trying to use the migrant crisis as a Brexit negotiating weapon – The Sun

THE body of a teenage asylum seeker is washed up on a French beach.

He was, reported the BBC, a desperate 16-year-old seeking sanctuary in Britain another victim of corruption, violence and, by implication, the heartless Tories.

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In fact, the poor soul was 28-year-old Sudanese Abdulfatah Hamdallah, whose official asylum claim had been ruled unacceptable by the French authorities.

A non-swimmer, he stole a toy dinghy and tried to cross Europes busiest sea lane before puncturing his flimsy craft with a spade used as a paddle a mile offshore.

Whichever way you look at it, this is a tragic story.

Yet for some bizarre reason, Britain is getting the blame.

Why, wail the shroud-wavers, are WE putting lives at risk?

In truth, migrants are the raw material for a cruel criminal industry.

Countless young men pay people-smugglers billions to cross continents and reach British soil.

At least one in four lies about his age, according to social care records. Many are well over 18, as was 28-year-old Abdulfatah.

In this age-limit lottery, winners hit the jackpot with free accommodation, healthcare and spending money up to the age of 25.

All claim to be from war zones, fleeing for their lives.

Some are telling the truth. Many make false claims, both about their age and their origins. Some, reportedly coached by aid workers, concoct fake personal histories and nationalities and destroy evidence of their true identity.

With 50,000 illegals now parked in temporary accommodation around the country, hard-pressed officials struggle to tell one from the other.

In fact, only some are in genuine fear for their lives.

The United Nations warns seven out of ten coming through Libya are economic opportunists using criminal gangs to jump the queue. Some are battle-hardened Islamists.

They will remain on the hook to gangsters who shipped them over.

Most who reach France have been officially ordered, at some point along the way, to leave Europe.

Many complain bitterly about French racism and ill-treatment. With every other country moving them on, Britain just 22 miles away is their last hope.

Once here, thanks to zealous human rights lawyers they are unlikely ever to leave and, under our liberal laws, might one day bring their family over to join them.

This explains why they are desperate.

France could solve this crisis by closing camps and cracking down on criminal gangs.

Instead, as The Sun reported on Saturday, Emmanuel Macron is using it as a Brexit negotiating weapon.

If we want a neighbourly hand, we must cough up another 30million and abandon our rights to sovereign status over fishing and human rights laws.

Macron is happy to see migrants leaving.

He thinks it is Britains fault for being so soft an undeniable fact which Boris Johnson is, I am told, about to address. The whole point of Brexit was taking back control.

Covid has exposed the shocking, perhaps even deadly, lack of such control at the heart of government.

Ministers pull levers and nothing happens on PPE and Covid testing. In June, they demanded a return to school. Nothing happened.

Britain is paying the price for an unaccountable bureaucracy, the Whitehall Blob. And for a legion of grotesquely expensive quangos such as Public Health England, identified here on Sunday by former Tory leader Iain Duncan Smith.

We are tied in chains by lawyers posing as human rights champions and troublemakers who challenge decisions with costly and time-consuming judicial reviews.

Well, I am here to tell you, folks, this is all about to end ...I hope.

Whitehall Remainers are seething over a range of yet-to-be revealed measures which will sweep away EU-style meddling and regulation and hand power back where it belongs: In elected political hands.

Comment

DAN WOOTTONThe BBC's leftie elite doesn't report the real news - it shapes it

Comment

JANE MOORE This online clothes size farce proves we need to return to the High Street

Comment

THE SUN SAYSFear of our kids getting Covid is out of all proportion to the actual threat

Comment

ROD LIDDLEWhy should I pay the licence fee when the BBC despises everything I believe in?

Comment

ROD LIDDLEHalfwit Tories are worse than Frank Spencer or Benny from Crossroads

Comment

THE SUN SAYSProductivity and innovation will nosedive unless workers return to the office

Illegal migrants will be sent back. Long legal wrangles will be terminated. Judicial reviews will be effectively abolished.

Human rights laws will be tailored to fit the needs of Britain, not Brussels.

Thanks to Brexit, the Bonfire Of The Quangos is about to begin...at last.

Free world problems

THE US presidential elections are private grief, but every Western democracy has skin in this game.

The leadership of the Free World is being fought between two gaffe-prone third-raters, neither likely to last a full term.

Republican incumbent Donald Trump, 74, makes even his rare triumphs like the Israeli-Arab peace deal look shabby.

Dazzlingly dentured Democrat Joe Biden, 77, if victorious, will be remembered for turning a non-entity opportunist into the Free Worlds first black female leader if he fails to see out his term.

Chosen running-mate Kamala Harris might be a surprising success...or an unmitigated, untested and unelected disaster.

Neither Americas 150million voters nor the rest of the world will have a say.

GOT a story? RING The Sun on 0207 782 4104 or WHATSAPP on 07423720250 or EMAILexclusive@the-sun.co.uk

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Emmanuel Macron is trying to use the migrant crisis as a Brexit negotiating weapon - The Sun

Five years after arrival, Germanys refugees are integrating – The Economist

But those whose claims are rejected are stuck in legal limbo

BERLIN AND GTTINGEN

ASKED WHAT he makes of his new home, Safwan Daher, a Syrian refugee, chuckles: Duderstadt, a town near Gttingen that few Germans could find on a map, is boring. No matter. Mr Daher has an enjoyable computer-programming job that pays for a flat with three bedrooms. He keeps one empty, hoping his parents will leave Syria and join him. In his spare time he hangs out with his brother, a student at Gttingen University. The next step is German citizenship, for which he has just applied.

Karam Kabbani, an activist who fled Aleppo after Bashar al-Assads thugs tortured him, has had a rougher time. Nervously chain-smoking, he describes an anguished five years bouncing from one agency to another, forced to take dead-end jobs, with no help offered for his psychological scars. He plans to leave Germany when he can. Germans are very closed people, he says. No one wants to help.

On August 31st 2015, with a growing number of asylum-seekers reaching Germany, Angela Merkel declared: Wir schaffen das (roughly, We can handle this). A few days later the chancellor opened the borders to migrants stranded in Budapest, amplifying the wave: perhaps 1.2m reached Germany before Balkan border closures and a deal with Turkey in 2016 stemmed the flow. Initially Germany handled the migrants well. Yet five years on, its experience of integrating them has been mixed.

Start with jobs. In 2015 an influx of mainly young migrants looked a neat fit for German firms facing an ageing labour force. Daimlers boss foresaw an economic miracle. Rules were eased for asylum-seekers looking for jobs, and the government pushed 1.1m through integration and language courses. By 2018 43% of the working-age asylum-seekers who arrived between 2013 and 2016 were in work or training (compared with over 75% for the same age group in Germany as a whole)better than the wave of refugees from Yugoslavia in the 1990s. (A stronger labour market helped.) Jobs came slowly at first, but accelerated as people emerged from integration courses, which hints at better to come. These numbers are not perfect, but they are hopeful, says Marlene Thiele, who runs a project at the German Chamber of Commerce to help firms hire refugees.

The headline figure conceals some awkward details. Barely half the refugees in Germanys labour force today work in skilled jobs, although over 80% did in their home countries, calculates Herbert Brcker at the Institute for Employment Research, the research arm of the Federal Employment Agency. Many wash dishes in restaurants or make beds in hotels, with few prospects for advancement (and a high chance of covid-related layoffs). Women in particular have struggled, especially those from cultures that think their place is in the home. Many newcomers, especially from countries like Eritrea and Iraq, were functionally illiterate when they arrived and are still years away from entering the job market. Control for age, and average migrant earnings are around two-thirds the native German level.

Migrants were dispersed all over Germany; most live outside cities. That was a test for Germanys decentralised government, which gives lots of power to local officials. (In Berlin integration is just an abstract question, grumbles Rolf-Georg Khler, Gttingens mayor.) A study of 92 municipalities funded by the Robert Bosch Foundation found that many were quite adaptable, for example launching their own language courses while waiting for the bureaucratic wheels to turn in Berlin. Civil society was crucial. Mr Khler credits the local sport association with speeding integration: the language of football is universal. Over half of Germanys population has worked in some way with refugees. We can activate a whole network if we need to, says Bettina Briesemeister, who runs a refugee housing centre in Gttingen.

The flip side is confusion and inefficiency. Officials are sometimes unclear which layer of government is responsible for a policy, and states and municipalities swap ideas surprisingly rarely. More than 600 under-resourced foreigners offices are responsible for matters like work permits and deportations. The bureaucratic maze is disconcerting. Ask any refugee what they fear most, and its the letterbox, says Mr Kabbani: it invariably contains demands, appointments or warnings from official bodies they have never heard of.

Like many European countries Germany has struggled to deport failed asylum-seekers. More than 200,000 people have been granted Duldung (tolerated) status, meaning they have no right to be in the country but do not face immediate deportation. Perhaps a further 50,000 have no legal status. To stop them from slipping into idleness or worse, under new rules some may work or take on apprenticeships. But insecurity persists. One such rejected asylum-seeker, Mohammad Walizada, an Afghan who had worked with an American de-mining firm in Kabul, now has a legal job in a phone shop on Sylt, a North Sea island. But he has given up on his goal of getting a doctorate in Germany. I have no hopes, its just survival, he says.

There is a huge difference in integration outcomes between people that receive protection and those that are in Duldung or rejected, says Victoria Rietig of the German Council on Foreign Relations. Just 3% of those with Duldung status can move freely throughout Germany, which is no help when looking for a job. And because Germany has no birthright citizenship rule, their children are usually given the same status, and risk being deported to a country they have never known. Its this population we should be worried about, says Ms Rietig. Germany seems afraid both of enforcing its rules and of making it too easy for failed asylum-seekers to find alternative ways into German society. As the numbers grow, the dilemma worsens.

Yet the country remains paralysed by the political battles of five years ago. The migrant crisis jolted the radical-right Alternative for Germany into third place at the 2017 election. A poll last year found a majority of Germans thought the country should accept no more refugees. These days the borders are quieter and the issue has gone off the boil, but fresh waves of migrants from Europes troubled neighbourhood can hardly be ruled out. Mama Merkel, as she is known to many refugees, long ago abandoned her Wir schaffen das mantra for a more paradoxical claim: that her decision to leave the borders open was correct, and must never be repeated.

Ahmad Denno, a well-integrated Syrian who is completing a degree in Berlin, identifies three types of German: those who treat him normally; racists who want him to leave; and those for whom he is permanently on probation. Asked if he could ever feel at home here, he shrugs. For some, I could never be German. For others, I already am. I dont feel like an outsider here. Im just looking for a normal, safe life.

This article appeared in the Europe section of the print edition under the headline "Did they handle it?"

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Five years after arrival, Germanys refugees are integrating - The Economist

Migrant crisis: 96 people rescued by Greek coast guard from partially sunk yacht – The Independent

A major search and rescue operation in the eastern Aegean Sea continued into Wednesday after authorities received an emergency call from a vessel carrying an unknown number of migrants, Greeces coast guard said.

A total of 96 people were rescued from the sea 21 nautical miles (31km, 24 miles) west of the small island of Halki, near Rhodes, the coast guard said on Wednesday morning.

The migrants had been travelling in a yacht that was found partially sunk. It was not immediately clear what had caused the sinking, where the yacht had set sail for or what its intended destination was. A passenger used a cellphone to call a European emergency number late Tuesday.

The majority of those rescued were transported to the nearby island of Rhodes, the coast guard said, while some were taken to the smaller island of Karpathos.

The search and rescue operation was continuing, as it was unclear how many people had been on board the yacht, authorities said. Overnight, five coast guard vessels, military helicopters, a navy ship and five nearby vessels had participated. By Wednesday morning, the effort was scaled back to one coast guard patrol boat, one navy ship and two vessels sailing nearby.

Thousands of people continue to make their way clandestinely to the Greek islands from the nearby Turkish coast, paying smugglers to ferry them in often unseaworthy, overcrowded inflatable dinghies or other vessels.

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Migrant crisis: 96 people rescued by Greek coast guard from partially sunk yacht - The Independent

The Many Dimensions of Majoritarianism Beyond Religious Discrimination – The Wire

Majoritarianism is often only associated with discrimination of religious minorities. It undoubtedly is the most potent dimension of it, but there is more to majoritarianism. Majoritarianism, in essence, is about a perceived superiority and reclaiming arbitrary space and importance. It is therefore, in a fundamental sense, in conflict with ideas of republic and democracy.

Cultivating and manufacturing prejudice and hatred against religious minorities purportedly offers it the rhetorical legitimacy it needs, but majoritarianism does not stop with discriminating against the minorities, it cultivates and institutionalises a political culture of discrimination, arbitrariness and violence. In this other side of majoritarianism, it is equally terrifying for those it chooses as its enemies, and here it can pretty much be anyone who doesnt serve its interests, perceived to be a threat to its arbitrariness and of course those who choose to actively resist it.

Majoritarianism necessarily requires a continuous demonstration of arbitrary power and submission of ideas, demands and identities that stand outside of it. Majoritarianism is akin to a war machine that does not end by bringing religious minorities into submission. In fact, history tells us that the targeted minorities are suppressed but what follows that is a longer history of suppression of other communities, identities, institutions, laws and procedures, individuals and their credibility, so on. It is a process of flattening out everything in order to sustain, often, a false sense and claim of superiority of culture, religion and individuals. It is necessary to understand majoritarianism in its manifold forms.

In India today, the Narendra Modi juggernaut began by bulldozing Muslims and explicitly targeting them. It is a process of threatening their physical security, their economic opportunities, social mobility and citizenship status. This gets reflected in electoral consent to whatever extent possible. However, majoritarianism does not stop here; it necessarily then moves to create a wheels-within-wheels kind of politics and narrative.

Also read: A Hindu India Is Not Necessarily a Homogenous India

From Muslims, it moved on to create enemies within through anti-national, tukde tukde, urban Naxal, Maoists, Kashmiris, the violence at Bhima Koregaon, and so on. Majoritarianism does not, again, stop with the perceived threat of internal enemies, it necessarily moves on given its institutionalised practice of arbitrariness and compulsion to demonstrate power, muscularity and masculinity.

From internal enemies, majoritarianism moves on to undermining institutional autonomy and the credibility of individuals associated with them. The current crisis of freedom of speech related to Prashant Bhushan and the credibility of judiciary and those associated with it is a necessary corollary of majoritarian psyche. The kind of unprecedented loss of credibility of the Supreme Court will only deepen. As has the credibility of Delhi police and its alleged biased ways in relation to Delhi riots.

There is very little need to talk about the media, academic institutions of higher learning, and other social organisations. They all become mirror images of each other. They are all run through a single logic of majoritarianism which no longer necessarily remains religious or cultural. They are often invoked but the process gathers its own determinism.

From evening out institutions, majoritarianism again necessarily encourages individual mediocrity. Mediocrity is a structural necessity of majoritarian culture. Talent and innovation rarely survive under cultural majoritarian regimes. Since the initial hypothesis of cultural majoritarianism is itself false and superficial, whether it is about superior ancient culture or about clash of civilisations, in order to maintain the veracity or in the process of maintaining the authenticity of such claims, the majoritarian system chooses/includes mediocrity and excludes independent talent.

It is clear today in almost all realms that the talent used and appointed to top posts is way below the pool of talent available. In fact, only those who are mediocre survive the system as they prove to be the most efficient agents, and all others are pushed into deafening silence, including those who remain ardent supporters. One has to only recall the struggle today to remember the names of ministers and their portfolios to understand what majoritarianism does, not just to those outside but also to those who remain at the core. One has to also recollect the number officials who resigned under the current regime, from economic advisor to officials of the RBI and more.

It is only by compromising ones credibility and sacrificing ones image and talent that one becomes acceptable to the systemic movement of majoritarianism. The very process of building a monolithic order requires that individual talents and identities are completely subsumed under the tirade, it is not a happenstance. Not just individuals who stand to oppose but individuals who stand with the majoritarian structure and politics, too, experience extreme modes of insecurity and repression. This internalised repression too is as much a necessity as suppressing those who stand to oppose.

Also read: Demolition Men Do Not Build Nations, They Destroy Them

The logic of majoritarianism that moves from external enemies to internal enemies, to the logic of institutional arbitrariness to individual mediocrity and suppression, then has the necessary impact on economy. Here again, the economic crisis that India is currently witnessing, apart from global slowdown and the COVID-19 crisis is essentially due to the current majoritarian ethos in the economy. It has led to excessive Centralisation, an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty that industrialist Rahul Bajaj alluded to, and finally the inability of the current regime to envisage policies that are inclusive.

For instance, the economy today requires liquidity and purchasing power with the common people, but policy makers have steadfastly rejected this option, why? It is often interpreted as a necessity born out of neoliberal proclivities. While that may not be false, it is essentially because the majoritarian ethos disempowers the majority as a necessary part of disciplining society.

The migrant crisis and irreverent neglect was a part of the perceived process of disempowering and disciplining, which therefore also necessarily negates the option of basic income, increasing purchasing power, providing subsidies and so on. It will provide help only within the limits of disempowerment, discipline and patronage. Therefore, offering loans, as part of the atmannirbhar package is acceptable, but not basic income and new investments. Entitlements and rights are necessarily seen as antidotes to majoritarian ethos, they simply cannot coexist together. Rights and dissent make the majoritarian system and leaders associated with it vulnerable and less masculine.

The current economic crisis, and the general civic and social crisis, in fact grip the majority. This inclusion of the majority into a permanent crisis-ridden situation is, then, the necessary other side of majoritarianism.

Ajay Gudavarthyis associate professor, Centre for Political Studies, JNU.

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The Many Dimensions of Majoritarianism Beyond Religious Discrimination - The Wire

World War III is here, and we are asleep at the… – The American Bazaar

Whether its sea level rise, extreme weather events, water scarcity, food shortages, mass extinction of species, humanitys future is under attack.

By Rajesh Mehta, Swati Srivastava and Mark Bartosik

There is no time to find a new economic model to fight climate change; instead we must use the levers of Capitalism itself to fix this issue.

Albert Einstein famously said, I do not know with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones. We know now that a key weapon in World War III is disinformation and the enemy is Climate Chaos. While our mindset is still locked in old forms of warfare, a new form of war is right at our doorstep, and we are grievously unprepared.

Due to its sheer magnitude, the havoc that climate chaos will wreck on the planet is going to be far worse than any war the world has seen. What does a war do? Kills people, destroys cities, creates refugees, crashes economies, and causes widespread damage & suffering. Climate chaos is going to do all this and more. It is going to threaten humanitys very existence.

Whether its sea level rise, extreme weather events, water scarcity, food shortages, mass extinction of species, humanitys future is under attack. Its immaterial whether buildings get knocked down by bombs or flooded by rising seas; they still become uninhabitable and make people homeless. Several coastal cities and some entire nations are destined to disappear from the map giving rise to an avalanche of suffering and creating an unprecedented wave of climate refugees.

A quarter of humanity faces looming water crisis. From India to Iran to Botswana, countries around the world are under extreme water stress, meaning they are using almost all the water they have. Groundwater is going fast and rainfall is becoming erratic. What happens when major cities such as Cape Town, Delhi, Sao Paolo, Chennai etc. run out of water? The scope of impact on regular folks everyday lives strains the imagination. It would also lead to an unprecedented migrant crisis and social unrest.

Nineteen of the twenty warmest years have occurred since 2001. Every year previous records are shattered and new ones made. The hottest temperature ever recorded in the Arctic Circle as well as the hottest temperature reliably recorded on the planet occurred in the last few weeks. The planet doesnt heat up evenly across the board, so some places are going to become punishingly hot on a constant basis and the rest would experience extreme spikes. At the current trajectory, temperatures in parts of the Middle East, Northern Africa, and South Asia could eventually exceed 130 Fahrenheit (54C) making it life-threatening to be/work outdoors, straining power grids, and bringing whole economies to stand-still. Add to this heat extreme humidity and just 95 Fahrenheit (35 C) would be lethal even for the fittest of humans, even under shaded and well-ventilated conditions. The only refuge will be in air conditioning but no grid would be reliable in such extreme conditions, and power cuts would mean death. Besides, how many people in the global south have air conditioning?

Extreme weather events are the new normal; super-hurricanes such as Maria that devastated Puerto Rico and other Caribbean countries, droughts followed by floods that have impacted several countries in the Horn of Africa, massive wildfires that spawn firenados (fire tornadoes) as in California or in the case of Australia where successive droughts, fires and floods have caused disasters of biblical proportions. Add to it the plague of locusts stretching from Australia to East Africa devouring scarce food sources, and large scale famines start to become the new reality.

Just like us, our crops are adapted to the Holocene, the 11,000-year period of climatic stability were now leaving. As their land fails them, hundreds of millions of people from Central America to Sudan to the Mekong Delta will be forced to flee their homes resulting in the greatest wave of global migration the world has seen. In just another decade, two billion people will live in slums with little water or electricity, where they are more vulnerable to flooding or other disasters. The slums fuel extremism and chaos. Governments of nations that suffer from a relentless confluence of drought, flood, bankruptcy and starvation, could topple as whole regions devolve into war, in what the US Defense Department refers to as a threat multiplier.

The planet is undergoing a mass extinction event, defined as a loss of about three-quarters of all species in existence across the Earth over a short geological period of time. While such events have occurred before, this crisis is a direct result of the planets exploitation by humans, leading scientists to coin a new term for this Geological era; Anthropocene. Biologists warn half of Earths species could go extinct by 2050 and scientists predict collapse of all seafood fisheries by 2050. By underestimating our inter-connectedness with other species, we are paving the path for our own eventual extinction.

Humans are typically bad at understanding exponential growth, we tend to think linearly. However living under the shadow of COVID-19, most of us now have some experience of living with exponential growth; not only in terms of a virus infection rate but also how such events impact the economy. Much of climate chaos will also be felt on an exponential basis.

Every war has its allies, adversaries, and collaborators, so does the war against climate chaos. The allies are the global scientific community, the renewable energy industry, NGOs and activists tirelessly fighting on the frontline challenging the status quo, regular folks making conscious choices and sacrifices in their lives for the collective good.

Most of the Fossil Fuel industry is an adversary; its interests invariably linked to the collapse of our ecosystem. Another adversary is Russia; one of the few countries that will benefit from climate chaos, for it will provide Russia access to new trade routes, fresh oil deposits in the Arctic, a more hospitable Siberia etc. Russia harbors ambitions to be a super-power again, the demise of Europe and United States is considered a gain by Putin. No wonder the Russian state has become the purveyor of global disinformation; a disunited world presents more opportunities for its resurgence. The worlds loss is Russias perceived again at least in the short term, until one or more ancient virus comes to life in Siberia due to thawing Permafrost.

No conversation about the adversaries in the war against climate chaos is complete without mentioning the direction the USA has taken under President Trump. By withdrawing the US out of the Paris Climate Agreement, opening up vast swaths of public lands such as Alaskas fragile Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling, supporting coal, undermining/ reversing hundreds of Obama-era environmental regulations, and going so far as brazenly deleting the words climate change from websites across the federal government as part of its widespread effort to delete or bury information on climate change programs, Trumps administration has an absolutely abysmal environmental record and has cemented its legacy as one of the worst perpetrators and enemies in this war.

Besides the USA and Russia, China and India are the other two top emitters of greenhouse gases in the world. Decades of rapid economic growth have dramatically expanded the energy needs of both countries. Both also have a muddled report card when it comes to efforts to combat Climate Chaos. While China is the worlds leading country in electricity production from renewable energy sources, it is still increasing fossil fuel use as well, its grid becoming only about 1% cleaner per year, similar to the US. India has self-proclaimed ambitious targets for clean energy yet the reality is that like China, it is still increasing fossil fuel use, the clean energy mix of its grid also improving by only about 1% per year. Improving by a meager 1% per year is simply not enough; at this pace it will take 70 or 80 years to be where we need to be. The war would certainly be lost by then.

The collaborators in this war are the climate deniers refusing to acknowledge the facts. Certain media such as Rupert Murdochs Empire, that have done unconscionable damage by sowing doubt and disinformation about this settled science. Akin to Nazi propaganda films that fueled doubt about the nature of concentration camps, Murdochs media empire continues to fuel doubt about the causes and repercussions of climate change, and has turned a scientific issue into a divisive political one, making it a deliberate collaborator.

A negligent collaborator is Capitalism itself. By externalizing social, environmental and human costs from its narrow definition of profits, the framework of Capitalism has aided and abetted climate chaos and continues to work against humanitys interest. Its flawed definition of profits has exacerbated income inequality around the world, now the worst effects of climate change are going to be felt disproportionately harder by poor and marginalized around the globe.

So how do we win? During WWII, the USA emerged as the strongest economy in the world through working hard on mitigators to prevent the worst of the war from reaching its shores. It created the necessary tools to win that war and engaged every American in the war effort. The necessary tools to win the war of climate chaos require building a carbon-free green economy with everything it entails wind turbines, solar panels, carbon accounting and perhaps even rationing, sea walls, sustainable agriculture and building & maintaining international coalitions such as the Paris Climate Agreement. There is no time to find a new economic model; instead we must use the levers of Capitalism itself to fix this issue, starting with a carbon tax that truly values the environmental costs of carbon pollution.

There comes a time in a war when we must all pick a side. Staying on the fence is not being neutral; it is acting on the side of the adversary because it supports the status quo. History doesnt look kindly on bystanders, we must choose to be on the right side of history, or there may not be a history at all. We must take all the steps we can collectively and individually as quickly and aggressively as possible, in order to prevent the worst predictions becoming facts. We must find all the ways we can to stand up against entrenched interests. As Mr. Dagfinnur Sveinbjrnsson, CEO of The Arctic Circle says In the fight against Climate Chaos, it will not be enough to sustain scientific research and the creation of knowledge, if we do not nurture the virtues of open public discourse and defend the right to speak truth to power.

The massive mobilization for World War II prompted an unprecedentedgovernment campaign urging the public to conserve resources necessary for the war effort. Allied citizens were asked to make sacrifices in many ways. Rationing was one of the ways they contributed to the war effort. In UK, US and elsewhere, supplies such as gasoline, butter, sugar and milk were rationed so they could be diverted to the war effort.The most important items to ration in todays war are meat and milk as going vegan creates the single biggest impact an individual can have on climate change. Indeed, eating further up the food chain makes us an adversary.

A famous WWII American poster read, When you ride alone, you ride with Hitler. In the global war we confront today, we must also understand the need to act collectively. When we consume mindlessly we are that lone rider. When our choices are driven by greed, status and ego-fulfillment rather than a sense of sacrifice and collective good, we are that lone rider. We can have the fun of being lone riders for a few more years and lose the war or we can inform ourselves, gather our courage and rise to the challenge by acting decisively to win this war. The decision is up to us.

Rajesh Mehta is a Leading International Consultant & Policy Professional. His twitter address is @entryIndia and he can be reached at rajesh@entry-india.com . Swati Srivastava is a film-maker and an environmentalist. She can be reached at Linkedin and swati@TiredAndBeatup.com. Mark Bartosik is an engineer and an environmentalist. He can be reached at Mark@NetZeroEnergy.org

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World War III is here, and we are asleep at the... - The American Bazaar

Why coronavirus is driving more migrants and refugees to try to reach Britain by boat – CBS News

UK Border Force officials travel in a RIB with migrants picked up at sea whilst Crossing the English Channel, as they arrive at the Marina in Dover, southeast England on August 15, 2020. BEN STANSALL

London A man who had just landed on a British beach after crossing the English Channel in a dinghy from France was reportedly attacked earlier this month by a witness who saw him arrive, as the coronavirus pandemic contributes to a surge in attempts by migrants and refugees to enter the United Kingdom by boat.

Police opened an investigation into the attack and said the victim, in his 20s, was not seriously injured.

"While urgent action is needed by the French and the (British) Home Office, there is no excuse for violence or vigilante behavior," local member of Parliament, Natalie Elphicke, said.

August saw more people attempt to make the more-than-20-mile trip across the channel and enter the U.K. in this way than has ever been recorded in a single month, according to media reports.

Britain's Home Office does not maintain a running total of migrant channel crossings, but journalists calculate the numbers based on ad hoc information released by the government. BBC News calculates that more than 5,000 people have tried to make the trip from France so far this year the highest number on record and, according to Sky News, more than five-times last year's total.

But refugee advocacy groups, including the United Nation Refugee agency, UNHCR, say the U.K. is not facing a migrant crisis.

"What is happening is that the movement of people has changed, and it has become a lot more visible because of the COVID situation," UNHCR External Relations Officer Laura Padoan told CBS News.

"We're seeing far fewer lories (trucks) being able to cross through the channel, so people are resorting to using smugglers' dinghies," she said, explaining that it's too soon to tell if the overall number of asylum seekers has increased, or if it's just the number of people attempting to cross by boat versus other methods.

"What we're calling for governments to do is expand the safe, legal routes that make that immigration route for families to be together again fairer and less restrictive," she said.

As more people attempt to cross the English Channel one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world there are also more unaccompanied minors among them. Many land on beaches in the English county of Kent.

"They tell us that they were very cold and wet and scared, some that there were too many people in the boat and they didn't want to get in but they were sort of forced to get in by the people smugglers," Brigid Chapman, spokesperson for the Kent Refugee Action Network, told CBS News. "They're just extremely grateful to be here."Last Monday, the local government in Kent said it did not have the capacity to take care of any more children arriving on its shores.

"I am deeply disappointed and concerned that, despite our many efforts to avoid this unthinkable situation, it has been necessary to make this announcement today," Kent County Council Leader Roger Gough said in a statement. He appealed to the central government and other counties across the U.K. to help care for the unaccompanied children.

"We are grateful for the support some other local authorities have given recently but unfortunately, due to the continued high level of arrivals, it has not been enough to make a real difference to the numbers," said Sue Chandler, Cabinet member for Integrated Children's Services in Kent.

Chapman said the county council has been flagging the issue for months to the central government, and part of the reason it's overwhelmed is reluctance by other local councils to take on unaccompanied minors because of a lack of funding. She said the U.K. as a whole could handle the number of migrants and refugees arriving by boat, and that Britain still receives many fewer asylum claims than other countries.

"With a lot of the children that we work with, they didn't actually have any choice about where they went. They were put into the hands of people smugglers. And they really, you know, they traveled at night, they were often beaten and deprived of food because the people smugglers need to keep them sort of compliant," Chapman told CBS News.

"Normally parents have asked for them to come to the U.K. because they may have a cousin or something, or somebody they think can kind of help that young person to make a start in life," she said.

Earlier this month, British Home Secretary Priti Patel created a new position a Clandestine Channel Threat Commander to address the rising number of migrants and refugees trying to cross the channel in small boats.

"The number of illegal small boat crossings is appalling," Patel said in a statement. "We are working to make this route unviable and arresting the criminals facilitating these crossings and making sure they are brought to justice."

The government also announced it was considering plans to deploy large navy vessels to the channel, which refugee groups said would be dangerous and could even prove deadly.

Britain's Royal Navy told CBS News it currently has no plans to deploy any ships, but that it was dedicating 10 staff members to help with planning and logistics.

"It's really important that the political rhetoric is in proportion to the scale of what's happening on the channel, which is manageable and the numbers are low," said Padoan, of UNHCR.

"I feel like a lot of the mainstream media is dancing to a very xenophobic tune at the moment, and there are certain politicians that are really trying to stir things up," said Chapman, of the Kent Refugee Action Network. "I don't understand what they're trying to achieve with it, but the situation is becoming really, really toxic."

Late last Thursday, a video message featuring a refugee was projected onto the cliffs of Dover overlooking the English Channel by the activist group, "Led By Donkeys."

"Britain is not facing a refugee crisis. There are around 30 million refugees around the world, and Britain is home to only 1 percent of them," Hassan, a man who introduced himself as an asylum seeker who made the boat journey across the channel five years ago, said.

"Britain is, however, facing other crises, but we are being used again as a distraction from the actual crises facing this country, caused by the people who are running it," he continued, "They are using us to distract you from how badly they have managed during this pandemic."

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Why coronavirus is driving more migrants and refugees to try to reach Britain by boat - CBS News

‘Black Lives Matter’ mural to be painted along Grace Street in Downtown – Richmond Free Press

A 200-foot Black Lives Matter mural will be painted Downtown near the State Capitol.

Venture Richmond received unanimous approval from the city Public Art Commission and the Richmond Planning Commission for the mural, which has been in the works for nearly two months by the Downtown booster organization, artists Hamilton Glass and Ed Trask and various community groups.

The artwork is to be painted in large yellow letters in the 800 and 900 blocks of East Grace Street near St. Pauls Episcopal and St. Peter Catholic churches and the Barbara Johns Building at the corner of 9th and Grace streets leading to the entrance to Capitol Square.

The mural is based on similar projects created in Washington, Minneapolis, San Francisco and New York City, among others, following the death of George Floyd at the hands of Minneapolis police and recent nationwide protests against police brutality and racial injustice.

Mr. Glass and Mr. Trask, who are known for many other murals around the city, will lead the privately funded project.

Venture Richmond, a nonprofit led by business and community leaders, proposed the location of the mural. Deputy Executive Director Anedra Bourne said the placement is significant because of its proximity to the Capitol, City Hall and other prominent government buildings.

The city Department of Public Works still needs to approve a permit for the mural, the citys public art coordinator said. Work on the project is expected to begin in the next month.

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'Black Lives Matter' mural to be painted along Grace Street in Downtown - Richmond Free Press

Black Lives Don’t Matter to Black Lives Matter, Says Rudy Giuliani – Mother Jones

For indispensable reporting on the coronavirus crisis and more, subscribe to Mother Jones' newsletters.

It was an open question what former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani would talk about in his primetime address on the fourth and final night of the Republican National Convention. Would he resurrect the debunked charges against Joe Biden that got President Donald Trump impeached? Would he continue to assert that Biden is experiencing a serious loss of mental function and displaying signs of dementia? Would he just kind of wing it, enthralled by his own wit, until the producers played him off the stage with Oscars music?

No, Giuliani went with option four: arguing that black lives dont matter to Black Lives Matter. In a convention full of appeals to law and order, Giulianis appeal stood out for the sheer audacityan unabashedly pro-cop ex-prosecutor feigning sympathy with the largest mass protests since the Civil Rights movement, solely for the purpose of tearing it down.

In Giulianis telling, the nation had rallied as one after the unforgiveable killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police. The problem, he continued, was that it was too unified for liberalsrather than work with Trump and Republicans, BLM and Antifa sprang into action and in a flash hijacked the protests into vicious, brutal riots. The Black Lives Matter protests were hijacked byBlack Lives Matter? Figure that one out.

But Giuliani went further. He argued that the protests against police violence were, in fact, causing a massive surge in crime across the country. For President Trump, and for us Republicans, all Black Lives Matter, he said. He rattled off the names of recent victims of gun violence in cities, he noted, controlled by Democrats. It has been like this for decades and its been controlled throughout by Democrats. In fact, shamefully Obama and Biden did nothing at all to quell the carnage. I guess these Black Lives didnt matter to them, he said.

Giulianis speech wasnt exactly coherent. He tried to argue that cities were in the midst of a historic crime spike in response to protests (crime is still low by, say, Giuliani-era levels) but also that theyve always been like this. But mostly it was just a gross permutation of that familiar refrain lodged against critics of police violencewhat about Black-on-Black crime? Here was a former mayor who rose to power at the crest of a racist backlash against a Black mayor arguing that the only president to have personally violated the Fair Housing Act cares more about Black lives than the Black people putting their bodies on the line in the streets do. At this point Im not sure if its more depressing if he really believes what hes saying or if he doesnt.

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Black Lives Don't Matter to Black Lives Matter, Says Rudy Giuliani - Mother Jones

NHLs lack of solidarity with Black Lives Matter protests out of touch, say critics – News 1130

TORONTO (NEWS 1130) The National Hockey League is being accused by many of doing the bare minimum as its called out for failing to cancel games in solidarity with Black Lives Matter protests.

As a number of sports leagues, including the NBA, MLS, and MLB, went dark on Wednesday night, the NHL proceeded with its scheduled games.

Hockeys decision to instead hold a moment of reflection at two of the games didnt go over well with many players, athletes, fans, and analysts.

Former player and current Sportsnet broadcaster Kelly Hrudey said the league was offside in its decision.

I dont think we should be here. I think the NHL should postpone the games. I really feel that we should be more supportive of Black Lives Matter, he said.

Id prefer to be having this conversation with my family. Ive said, many months ago, when I made my video about Black Lives Matter, it means something to me, Hrudey said while speaking to his Sportsnet panel.

His comments came as a number of sports stars continue to protest racial inequality, the latest catalyst being the shooting of Jacob Blake, a Black man in Kenosha, Wisconsin, over the weekend.

NHL players were also among those disappointed with the lack of action.

In an appearance on Sportsnet 650 on Wednesday, Minnesota Wild defenceman Matt Dumba who raised a fist to highlight social and racial justice issues during the anthems of his qualifying-series game against the Vancouver Canucks earlier this month said the leagues decision to hold playoff games Wednesday, despite cancellations across other leagues, is disheartening, but expected.

I know whats going to happen, and I dont think much is going to happen from that standpoint. But its just back to it, I dont know, the NHL were always late to the party, especially on these topics, so its sorta sad and disheartening for me and other members of the HDA, and Im sure other guys across the league, said Dumba.

He and San Jose left winger Evander Kane are faces of the Hockey Diversity Alliance and are some of hockeys strongest proponents for the need to address anti-Black racism in the sport.

Kane told Sportsnets David Amber on Wednesday that its disappointing the NHL has yet to acknowledge Blake.

Its another instance, unfortunately, that still hasnt been acknowledged and were about, what? Three or four days into this video being released, or this incident occurring? And I still havent seen or heard anything in regards to it, so thats disappointing and as a Black player in this league, its even more disappointing, Kane said.

Blake, 29, was shot several times in the back by officers on Sunday. The shooting happened in front of his children and left him paralyzed from the waist down.

Players the driving force

The decision to cancel and postpone games was largely led by players who said they have had enough of racial injustice, and that more needs to be done to address the issue.

The NBAs Milwaukee Bucks refused to play a playoff game against the Orlando Magic in the wake of the Blake shooting.

Were tired of the killings and the injustice, Bucks guard George Hill told The Undefeateds Marc J. Spears following the Bucks decision to boycott.

The Houston Rockets and Oklahoma City Thunder announced shortly after the Bucks decision that they would also be boycotting their game Wednesday, and the Lakers and Trail Blazers quickly followed suit ahead of their own Game 5 as players step away from the court in protest.

Its unclear if anything will be done ahead of the Vancouver Canucks match up against the Vegas Golden Knights Thursday night.

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NHLs lack of solidarity with Black Lives Matter protests out of touch, say critics - News 1130

JOIN THE DISCUSSION: Voting in the Time of COVID & Black Lives Matter (LIVE PANEL AT 2PM) – 10News

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- If you watched the Democratic National Convention, you heard the repeated pleas to vote. Nearly every speaker implored viewers to make their voices heard by voting. Michelle Obama even wore a necklace with her wishes spelled out: V-O-T-E.

In the news media, voting by mail and the Post Offices fate has dominated headlines. In such a high stakes election, local elections officials and community leaders are already in high gear.

In this weeks webinar, were talking about what it takes to get people to vote, how we ensure a safe and secure election, and how we remove barriers to voting all against the backdrop of COVID-19 and the Black Lives Matter movement.

Watch here: https://www.10news.com/news/america-in-crisis-hope/join-the-discussion-voting-in-the-time-of-covid-black-lives-matter

On the panel, guests Michael Vu, Director Registrar of Voters, County of San Diego; Griselda Ramirez, Community Leader Mid-City CAN (Community Advocacy Network); and Laila Aziz, Director of Operations, Pillars of the Community. Moderated by LEAD Vice President Elizabeth Fitzsimons.

REGISTER HERE: https://sdchamber.org/event/webinar-series-leading-in-a-new-reality-4/

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JOIN THE DISCUSSION: Voting in the Time of COVID & Black Lives Matter (LIVE PANEL AT 2PM) - 10News