How this Indigenous architect designs buildings with Indigenous history and spirituality in mind – CBC.ca

Alfred Waugh is designing buildings he never had access to in university.

Waugh grew up in Yellowknife, so moving to Lethbridge, Alta. and then Vancouver for post-secondary education was a huge culture shock. He arrived feeling divorced from his culture and the land he grew up on.

Today the Chipewyan architect is the president and founder of Formline Architecture. His projects include First People's House at the University of Victoria, the Indian Residential School History and Dialogue Centre at the University of British Columbia.

Waugh's latest project is the Indigenous House at the University of Toronto, Scarborough campus a building designed not just for students, but for Indigenous peoples in Toronto-at-large.

Waugh spoke with Tapestry's Mary Hynes about what it takes to design buildings that reflect Indigenous peoples and their histories.

Tell me about Indigenous House at U of T Scarborough. What are the goals for what you're creating?

It's an interesting project. Some universities across Canada are developing First Nations facilities to retain Indigenous students, share culture, and address the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's calls to provide equal opportunity for Indigenous students.

When I was a student I came from Yellowknife to study at university, and there weren't any facilities like this.

Did you have to contend with many stereotypes at the time being an Indigenous student from the north?

Oh my goodness, yes! When I started architecture school they had us do a two-week camping trip as part of an urban design project. We were camping on a beach in this little resort community on Vancouver Island. We had visiting professors, and every night there would be a theme dinner.

One night they had an Indigenous-themed dinner. People were like "woo"-ing and hitting their pots and doing all kinds of weird stuff. And I didn't feel comfortable, right? So I didn't participate in the dinner. At that time, I was quite young, and something inside me said, "this isn't right."

The next morning, the professor from Jerusalem gets up and says, "I understand we insulted someone," you know, "we didn't mean anything," and so forth.

Then I found myself standing in front of 45 people I didn't know anybody, and I was nervous and shy. My voice was shaking. And I said, "It's just not right. You're stereotyping Indigenous people. There are all different kinds of Indigenous people across this country." So I made my statement. And then after that I gained, I guess, a bit of respect from everybody.

It was not something I planned. But it helped mold my journey as an architect. It helped me consider how my work can establish a sense of identity for Indigenous people. That was one of those moments that gave me some passion to keep going and finish this and prove myself.

You now design buildings for campuses across the country do you feel a bit vindicated?

I feel proud. It's an interesting feeling to go to UBC where, from the architecture studio where I used to study, you can now see the Indian Residential School History and Dialogue Center that I designed. So that gives me a good feeling, a sense of pride that I've actually accomplished something. Because my mom's life ended tragically in 1999 and she's the one who forced me to go to university. I was working on an oil rig in the 80s. I was making lots of money, and I had a girlfriend and all those kinds of things. But my mom said, "You got to go to university, and you got to do something for your people."

Those were your mom's words?

Yeah, she'd say, "You're too smart to waste your life away up here." I guess that stuck in my head. So when our project was under construction at UBC, I was thinking, "I'm actually doing something for my people on a national scale." And yeah, that's a good feeling.

Your project at UBC was the Indian Residential School History and Dialogue Center. Why was it important to have so much natural light?

UBC is on unceded territory of the Musqueam people. We had some engagement sessions with the Musqueam nation. I asked them, "What's one of the most important things this building should achieve?" And they said because it's a conduit to the Truth and Reconciliation records photos, writings, and testimonials from residential school survivors the building may spur an emotional response for some people. So it's really important to us that no matter where you are in this building, you're able to turn and see the landscape and experience its calming effects.

I'm so interested in how a constructed space can convey things that are maybe intangible qualities, like resilience, or a sense of freedom, and you do that through physical objects like wood, copper or glass. How do you do that?

For the UBC project we were told: the building has to feel Indigenous, but it can't represent any one nation. So the connection to the landscape is one thing, blurring the boundaries between inside and out. The materiality comes into focus. I was looking at Salish longhouses. In the past, to keep the draft out, they would weave bullrush mats and put them in the back of the longhouse. So as you descend down the wall at the UBC, you're walking past woven cedar, and it turned out really nice. That's where the seeds of inspiration came.

And the other aspect is out on the West Coast here with the Musqueam, the Salish, the Tsleil-Waututh, and a lot of the other Salish-speaking nations, cedar was used for everything basket weaving, canoes, all kinds of things. An elder told me, "cedar's the blood of our culture." And there's a Japanese form of treating wood that makes it more inert, more resilient. So we treated the cedar to make it resilient too.

And the roof of the building it had to sit low, it had to have a green roof. But I warned that it could look buried, which is how people had felt over history. So I suggested we use copper because it's a symbol of dignity for many people in the north. So we used copper and glass, and created a glass waterfall on the roof for rainwater to flow down. I saw that as a symbol of the tears of people who'd been in residential schools.

What would it have meant to you if there had been a building on campus like the Indigenous House?

I think it would have maintained my cultural connections more. One of my favourite buildings is the First Peoples House I designed at the University of Victoria. We designed an Elders' Lounge so elders can come in and see how the kids are doing in school, have a cup of tea, and maybe do some counselling of students so that they have someone to talk to. That would have been really cool if that were around when I was going to school because it maintains those cultural ties.

This interview has been edited and condensed. Written by Kate Adach. Produced by Arman Aghbali.

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How this Indigenous architect designs buildings with Indigenous history and spirituality in mind - CBC.ca

Amazing high school choir sings spiritual Down to the River to Pray from hotel balconies – Classic FM

23 October 2020, 14:34 | Updated: 27 October 2020, 16:55

High school choir harmonises on a beloved spiritual, in one soul-shaking hotel acoustic...

A viral video of high school students singing the folk hymn Down to the River to Pray on hotel balconies has just resurfaced, and its a beautiful reminder of the power of group singing.

The impromptu performance took place at a Colorado hotel, where the treble ensemble of the Colorado All State Choir were staying that night.

Young students from across the US state sang a hair-raising a cappella arrangement of the traditional spiritual, arranged by Jace Wittig.

Have a listen below to the musical magic and if, like us, youre waiting for the moment the harmony comes in, skip to around the 0:35 mark

Read more: Church organ playing Hans Zimmer Interstellar makes our world feel tiny >

After it was posted, one of the choir members who was singing on the 4th to top floor, they say came across the clip and commented: Ive never been more proud to be in a YouTube video. [sic]

One of the coolest things that ever happened. This video barely describes how magnificent the experience was.

Read more: A cappella choir on tilting cylinders sounds out of a horror movie >

Its not the first time the hotel has been used by a massed choir.

In fact, if youre up for tumbling down the best YouTube rabbit hole ever, have a listen to these choral moments below, all recorded on hotel balconies.

Above anything, its a wonderful reminder of the togetherness of music-making.

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Amazing high school choir sings spiritual Down to the River to Pray from hotel balconies - Classic FM

A window on to Ram Kumars visionary and spiritual world – Financial Times

Sometimes glimpses of some unusual forms, moments of depth, rhythmic lines come to my mind. But they seem like some fragments...they have to be united with something more solid, something difficult to fathom. Some way has to be found out.

Written by the artist Ram Kumar, who died in 2018, these words are a beguiling precis of the challenges posed by abstract painting. Kumar, like many of his peers, mapped that journey from fragment to whole through a committed drawing practice. Now, in a solo presentation in Art Basels Online Viewing Rooms, the New Delhi-based Vadehra Gallery will open a window on to Kumars approach with a selection of works on paper from the 1960s and 70s.

The display promises to whet the appetites of international collectors for whom Kumar may be a less familiar name than peers such as M.F. Husain and F.N. Souza. Although one of his paintings, Vagabond (1956), was sold for $1.1m at Christies in New York in 2008, the Simla-born painter is still the quiet man of the Progressive Artists Group. Founded in Mumbai (then Bombay) in 1947 by artists including Husain and Souza, the group aimed to fuse styles from Indian art traditions and the European avant-garde.

For Kumar, born in 1924, the experience of European art was deepened when he visited Paris in the late 1940s and studied under Andr Lhote and Fernand Lger. A member of the French communist party, the young artist immersed himself in the existentialist fervour that gripped the citys intellectual and creative elites. (His brother, the writer Nirmal Verma, has recalled that during his French sojourn, Kumar sent him poetry by Paul luard and Louis Aragon, with whom he was good friends, and later took him to the Left Bank cafs where Sartre, de Beauvoir and Camus once gathered.)

Yet Kumars art is also steeped in the genius loci of India. After a period of concentration on melancholy human figures in the 1950s Roberto Rossellini once told Kumar that his paintings reminded him of Kafkas short stories a visit to Varanasi in 1960 proved revelatory for the artist. Situated on the banks of the sacred Ganges, Varanasi is a holy city; a point of pilgrimage for millions who flock there to wash away their sins, cremate their loved ones, or die themselves so that their ashes may float away in the sanctified waters.

For Kumar, the city was an architectural embodiment of his existential impulse. Paintings from the 1960s show how he rendered it, not in the vibrant colours traditional to Indian painting, but in silvery greys, bleached sands and earthy browns. Evoking Varanasis crooked alleys, crumbling buildings and sloping ghats as laconic, teetering, liminal huddles that float precariously between water and sky, they are the work of a painter whose first thoughts were that the city was only inhabited by the dead and their lifeless souls. It seemed like a haunted place to me and still remains the same.

Sketches digitally on show at Art Basel show Kumar developing those ghostly intuitions through the intimate vocabulary of pen and ink. Intensifying their private character is the drawings location in one of the personal ledgers known as bahis or bahi-khatas that were designed for keeping accounts. Bound in faded red cloth with thick stitches on cream paper, the books humble aspect is a tantalising counterpoint to the artistic heft of the works within. (Although its likely that Kumar used account books for reasons of financial economy, its interesting to note that before he became an artist he worked in a bank.)

Tight, inward conglomerations of line, shape and void, the drawings employ line and cross-hatching to weave knots of clotted darkness through airy, luminous lattices; the results are patchworks of gossamer-fine nets which rupture and collapse into diaphanous white holes. Clearly, Kumars Varanasi is an abstract metropolis, a city of the mind as much as the eye, although here and there a window or a ghat is faintly discernible. Virtuoso balances of line and space, light and darkness, the images are Kumars visual translation of that metaphysical threshold on which the city is poised.

According to Roshini Vadehra, for Kumar blacks and greys were a way of tuning deeper into his existentialism. As a result, he often returned to drawings as a way of continuing the meditative and spiritual process of painting.

That Kumars flame was stoked in a spiritual crucible is not in doubt. Vadehra speaks of him as an artist possessed of a unique sadhana, the Sanskrit term for methodical discipline that is rewarded by a desired knowledge or goal. Yet he also observed the terrestrial world with intensity and curiosity, she continues. As a young man, he wrote short stories that pare down both people and landscape to their vulnerable, undiluted essence; his descriptions of Varanasi are sublime in their economy.

By the late 1960s, Kumar had relinquished both figure and city as evident inspirations. The drawings on show from the 1970s show him evolving towards the phase in his career when he turned, in the words of distinguished poet and art critic Ranjit Hoskote, to paintingabstractionist hymns to nature. Perhaps nostalgic for his childhood in Simlas hills, Kumar would make regular retreats to a village in Kangra valley, once writing in his diary: When I sit facing the Dhauladhar range, with the thick forests of the Shivaliks at my back, I start probing within myself, my mind full of memories and lost images.

In the works on paper, what we see is an artist still conjuring a world through contrasts: sharp dashes clash with longer lines, awkward angles with athletic curves; there are sudden dips into whiteness, and upward swoops towards empty plateaux. Our eye topples into black crevasses, follows paths that vanish in a mist of whiteness, traverses obedient terraces. Could those tiny hyphens be birds? Or twigs swept up by a storm?

Kumar kept mum. Described by his brother, the writer Nirmal Verma, as a concerned introvert, his reticence and sensitivity to others as well as to himself are witnessed by all who knew him. Although he withdrew from the market-fuelled carnival of the contemporary art world, by his death in 2018 there was no question that Kumar was regarded as one of the visionaries of Indian modernism, with exhibitions across the world including Pakistan, New York and Venice (where he participated in the Biennale of 1958).

This small cache of drawings offers just a glimpse of his gift. But in their fidelity to the line a cornerstone of Kumars painting practice which he once said had an independent life of its own they shed more light than their diminutive size and number might suggest. As for their meaning, it is best not to dwell. Kumar, after all, was an artist who once said that when one is young ones work is dominated by content, by ideas, but as one grows older, one turns to the language of painting itself.

This is a welcome opportunity to listen to his song.

vadehraart.com

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A window on to Ram Kumars visionary and spiritual world - Financial Times

Are we experiencing a pandemic spiritual mutation? An approach from Kabbalah – The Times of Israel

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One of the most fruitful franchises that has flourished during the pandemic, apart from food-delivery by bicycle, is video-messianism. Even Netflix released its miniseries about the Massiach.

The competition is brutal, from respectable rabbis to rogue Caba-rascals (Manny Vias dixit), to ex-drug addicted evangelical pastors, not excluding very decent newly enlightened housewives, with the addition of cute and daring aspiring influencers-healers girls who offer Healing courses payable in currencies or cryptocurrencies, until culminating in the plethora of conspiracy theory YouTubers, who, according to them, have always warned us that all this was going to happen.

I believe that, just as Kabbalah has opened up and globalized from Philip Berg with the Kabbalah Centre and from Michael Laitman with Bnei Baruch, one step further in this curious evolutionary-messianic process is that the pandemic has generalized the Jerusalem Syndrome, and the inevitable possibility (call it a window of opportunity if you prefer) of monetarizing it among those who are able to see virtue in calamity.

All this without travelling to Jerusalem, which is expensive and complicated, but employing a Chinese virus not as lethal as Ebola but very jumping, and the existence of the Internet, of course.

Of most of the approaches that I have reviewed, the one that amuses me the most is the one that states that from the virus the 7 billion humans that inhabit the planet are going to undergo a spiritual mutation, which will lead us through a natural-catastrophic path not to a simple new normal, but to a new world that is, avoiding us the work of building the utopias of Moro and Campanella with blood, sweat and tears, rather from a fortunate collateral damage generated by the virus.

The reasoning is impeccable: if avian flu viruses mutate so rapidly from one season to another, why shouldnt the human soul do so from this confinement, this fear and this stress, which have unleashed so many neurochemical, spiritual and perhaps astral processes, all of them unexpected?

It would be a kind of biological messianism.

In theory, the Divine Plan can act through miracles, lets say, that a Messiah like Isaiahs one appears, after a series of fulfilled omens.

And maybe miracles are happening, even if we dont see them or they are disqualified as fake news.

But in the absence of miracles, it is possible to realize in science and technology signs of a divine plan that inevitably and in another way also lead us to the same result: the era of the Messiah.

In this regard, Arieh Kaplan is unavoidable. In his text The Real Messiah, he warns us that:

the past hundred years or so have brought about an increase in knowledge unsurpassed in all human history. Whether we use it wisely or not, these accomplishments are truly amazing.

He then points out that:

Why this sudden global change of conscience that seems to be shaking the very roots of our civilization? Why are more and more people coming to the conclusion that the evils of society are not merely the natural consequences of civilization, but are diseases that call for a cure?

Another pearl:

If one looks with an unprejudiced eye at the world today, he will see that we are living in an age where almost all the Jewish prophecies regarding the prelude to the Messianic Age are coming to pass. Even the most doubtful skeptic cannot help wondering how this could be mere coincidence.

And concludes with:

One of the basic points of contradiction is whether or not the onset of the Messianic age will come through miracles. Many teachings seem to support the view of the miraculous, such as (Dan.7:13), Behold, one like the son of man came with the clouds of heaven. On the other hand, others seem to support a more prosaic view, such as (Zech.9:9), Behold, your king comes to you lowly, and riding on a donkey.

The Talmud was aware of this contradiction, and answered it by stating that there are two basic ways that the Messianic age can commence. If we are worthy of miracles, it will indeed be miraculous. If we are not, the Messianic Age will arrive in a natural manner.

So when the Son of Man does not appear riding clouds, it turns out that we are not worthy of contemplating miracles.

This is a plausible indignity if we analyze geopolitics, our daily violence, new wars, the distribution of wealth and poverty, ecological deterioration, drug addiction and alcoholism, mass depression, the generalization of psychopaths in all kinds of positions of power, or the destruction (without the essential sustainable substitutes) of traditional family models.

From this point of view, the Messianic Era has no other way than to arrive naturally. Or by catastrophes, as Michael Laitman would say, picking up the long Kabbalistic tradition that warns us that we learn in two ways; through study or through suffering.

One of the essential prophecies of the Messianic Era is that human beings are going to love one another, that we are going to awaken to solidarity, and that the knowledge of the divine will be available even to children.

Of course, in the absence of miracles of which we are not worthy, this can occur from a virus that locks us up in our homes, can occur from fear, from the collapse of a part of the economic system, of the systems of values and beliefs, from the collapse of health systems and the fracture of national and geopolitical political relations.

In this way, the virus can be resemantized, and mutate from being a biological catastrophe (random or manufactured in a Chinese laboratory) to being a miracle, or a natural messianic catalyst, or both at the same time.

Note that the deeper the collapse, the more credibility the prophecies and promises of the video messiahs have. That is why I see in a funny way the competition between the innumerable apocalypses that are sold to us on the networks to attract depressed and terrified clients and patients to the new spiritual clinics: the dollar is going to collapse globally, the aliens will finally will be contacted openly, food production will end, the vaccine will not work lasciate ogni speranza, voi chintrate, Dante warned.

Fear can be a good business. Although it serves not only the video-messiahs, but also to the WHO, and to more than one Ur-fascist government (Eco dixit).

Mendelian mutations are sudden evolutionary leaps, caused by seemingly random agents, such as a meteor that falls on the earth or due to a mistake in the replication of the information of a DNA chain.

In that sense, mutatis mutandis, a virus like the current one can be the trigger for a sudden change in the transmission of information from our social or spiritual DNA chain, so to speak.

We can accept, prima facie, that a change in the human spiritual situation may occur due to the psychological, emotional, social, economic and political consequences generated by the pandemic.

What I find difficult to predict is the character of such a mutation. It could be that it awakened in us atavistic feelings, a desire to re-connect us with other beings and with the cosmos, an Abraham-type mutation, lets say.

It could be that such a mutation makes us even more selfish, more locked in our environments and small groups of interests, out of fear.

It could be that it does not affect us thoroughly in this life, and that we simply want to return to the old normality, as one sees when restrictions are lifted and people run desperately to bars, squares, beaches and malls, trying to recover their old condition of beings made for consumerism.

Perhaps the next generation would be born with mutated spirit genes, with many more indigo children, or azure blue, like the characters in Avatar, and with much more connectedness and solidarity, as predicted by the prophets who have spoken for so many centuries on the subject of the Massiach.

In either of the two scenarios, the dire or the hopeful, the dilemma pointed out by the Kabbalists continues to be repeated; you learn through study and if not, through suffering.

The true mutation would be for Humanity as a whole to emerge from a kind of long childhood, reaching 13 years of age, not only to do their Bar Mitzvah, but also to understand that each one must relate in the best possible way with the others, including neighbours, animals, nature, unless you want to pay painful consequences, as warned not only by Kabbalists, but even by Freud in Civilization and its Discontents.

Yes, in theory we can try to remain as little psychopaths forever (every child is partially a little psychopath up to 13 years old) incapable of feeling empathy, and continue to look at others as simple objects of pleasure at our disposal, as simple means to achieve what we please.

But the result will always be devastating, because others, even if they love us at first, will end up treating us the same way. And even Nature will rebel and send us a virus from time to time so that we can let her rest, so that we can lock ourselves up, and let her breathe in peace even for a year.

I hear many Kabbalists say that we should approach the wisdom of Kabbalah as children. I insist that children are partially little psychopaths, which is why they must be educated so that they can mature.

I prefer Mario Sabans approach, when he tells us that a good goal for those who study Kabbalah is to mature, to become a responsible and full adult. This implies inner harmony, harmony with other beings and, if it is given to us from above, harmony, contact and equivalence of form with higher energies.

Will a hypothetical spiritual mutation unleashed by the virus allow us to massively access that level? Will even 1% of the population reach it?

As always, its up to us, the spiritual gene for responsibility and free will has been always inside us. Another thing is if we use it or not, and that will always be our choice.

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Are we experiencing a pandemic spiritual mutation? An approach from Kabbalah - The Times of Israel

Holly Courtier planned to go on spiritual journey, fast inside Zion National Park, family says – ABC 4

ZION NATIONAL PARK, Utah (ABC4 News, ABC News) The sister of the missing hiker who survived 12 days in Zion National Park without any food or water said her survival is nothing short of a miracle.

38-year old Holly Courtier, the Woodland Hills mom who went missing inside the Zion National Park on Oct. 6, has checked herself into a mental health facility to process some trauma she has not dealt with for several years, her family told ABC News.

41-year-old Jaime Strong, one of Hollys sisters, said that Courtier had likely suffered a mental breakdown and had planned to go on a spiritual journey while eating no food or water for a couple of days inside the national park.

I think she went in there mentally wanting to be there, and then I think she was stuck in there physically, Strong said. She was in over her head and had no way to get out.

Strong said that she doesnt feel the incident was a cry for help, but rather a series of bad choices that just went horribly wrong. The sister confirmed that Holly had left the park in the middle of the night and did not tell her family where was going, planning to disconnect from technology, pray and read the Bible, and fast.

She wanted to go on a spiritual journey and had planned it out and decided to do it, Strong said.

Her family said that Holly was in the middle of a dry fast and had not eaten for several days prior to her arriving at the park. After over-exerting herself on the first day while going on a hike, the family said she suffered a concussion while setting up her hammock along the Virgin River and could not call for help.

When she was setting up her hammock between two trees, I guess there was a stump behind with a very sharp tree edge on it, Strong said. I guess when she sat into her hammock and kind of swung back, she hit her head very hard on the sharp edge of the tree.

She was very disoriented and very dizzy, Strong added. I think she bit off more than she could chew. She definitely thought she could fast longer than she could.

Courtier was allegedly unaware that there were search parties looking for her and signs posted throughout the park because she was disoriented, the family said. Courtier kept track of the number of days she was lost by writing them in black marker on a tree, per a photo provided to ABC News.

Strong said the family took Courtier to the emergency room and a doctor allegedly diagnosed her with a concussion, although the family said Holly had decided to forgo a MRI or CAT scan.The family said Courtier had lost approximately 18 pounds while out in the wilderness.

The familys statement comes after Sgt. Darrell Cashin, the liaison of the Washington County Sheriffs Search and Rescue for the past nine years and an advanced EMT, spoke out Tuesday about several discrepancies he says he sees between Zion National Parks and the familys statements.

Cashin says its a high possibility Courtier would have died if she was drinking the river water for 12 days amid a toxic algal bloom detected in the north fork of the Virgin River in early July. Without any water, she would have died within two to three days, he says.

If she had been drinking that water, unless she had some really high immune system, she wouldve been very, very ill and probably unable to come out on her own, Cashin said. She either took a lot of water with her or had another clean water source that was near here, but the Virgin River is not that source.

Strong told ABC News her sister was unable to call for help because she was so dehydrated she couldnt open her mouth and did not drink the river water. The family did not specify how Courtier was able to survive for 12 days without water.

Cashin also raised questions regarding Courtiers head injury as Zion National Park officials reported Courtier was able to leave on her own with minimal assistance and was released directly to her family.

If we had found somebody in that condition with that kind of severe head injury, we would have at minimum called for a transport agency to check her out, Cashin says. The fact that that didnt happen tells me that they did not find any significant injury to her that wouldve prompted them to do that.

Physically, she seemed to be in a condition that did not warrant an ambulance and they felt was comfortable to release her to her family to address, Cashin added.

Amanda Rowland, chief of interpretation atZionNational Park,told ABC4 News the final investigative report on the Courtier Search and Rescue (SAR) will be made public, although its unclear exactly when it will be released. ABC4 News requested a copy of the final investigative report from the U.S. Department of the Interior through the Freedom of Information Act.

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Holly Courtier planned to go on spiritual journey, fast inside Zion National Park, family says - ABC 4

Spiritual coaches aim to ease COVID-19, other health disparities in West Baltimore – Yahoo News

BALTIMORE Diabetes, heart disease and other ailments had been disproportionately cutting lives short in the disadvantaged neighborhoods of West Baltimore for decades when the coronavirus pandemic emerged and piled on.

A group of Episcopal Church members found that to be something of a last straw.

Buoyed by the recent social justice movement, three Black women from the church with backgrounds in health care are launching a program to train peer coaches who can guide, motivate and otherwise help the largely minority populations in some hard-hit neighborhoods figure out how to live healthier.

We need people in the community who are not talking at us but talking with us. said Carol Scott, an emergency room physician and one of the co-directors of the program called Kindred Coaches. We need people who can provide facts and information and can inspire.

She said people who are healthier have a better chance of weathering the coronavirus or avoiding it altogether as well as other diseases that the Baltimore Health Department has said produces a 20-year gap in life expectancy between the citys most well-off and worse-off neighborhoods.

Scott said her faith led her to help organize the program that begins training coaches this week, though the coaches and those they coach do not have to be Episcopalian or any religion.

Peer coaching isnt a new idea, she and others in the program say. This program follows others in Baltimore that have had some success tackling the intractable health problems of violence and overdose deaths.

And public health officials have turned increasingly to the faith community, with deep connections in Baltimore neighborhoods, to get residents such things as regular blood pressure checks, fresh food or health insurance.

Scott said she saw her church, Memorial Episcopal Church in Bolton Hill, as a natural place to launch the program. The church brought in the Episcopal Diocese of Maryland and the Union of Black Episcopalians to broaden the impact.

Story continues

In Maryland, Blacks make up a disproportionate 41% of the deaths from COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus. Baltimore City and Prince Georges County, with large Black populations, have some of the states highest rates of infection.

A recent study from Johns Hopkins University researchers offers further evidence that socioeconomic factors and geography have played a role during the pandemic. The researchers compared data from socioeconomically challenged ZIP codes in seven states including Maryland to data from less burdened ZIP codes and found the risk was far higher in challenged areas nearly across the board.

The study, published in Frontiers of Public Health, surmised that communities comprised largely of racial minorities and economically challenged households were more likely to be exposed to the coronavirus because they have low-wage essential jobs, including in health care. The workers also are more likely to live in overcrowded housing where its harder to keep a distance.

Such results do not surprise Scott, who co-authored a 2003 article in Academic Emergency Medicine about how minorities tap medical care differently due to such factors as lack of access to care or insurance or strong relationships with doctors.

Its a reason she became a coach herself through Wellcoaches, a health and wellness coach training business. She tapped her own relationship with Margaret Moore, the company founder and CEO, who agreed to provide trainers at no cost to Kindred Coaches.

Moore had been moved by the social justice efforts around the country and already had been thinking about how she could help. She reached out to Wellcoaches Black coaches across the country to recruit for the Baltimore program.

We trained 1,000 coaches a year, Moore said. We can scale. Baltimore will be the pilot, but we want to take this around the country.

She said the coaches know how to facilitate conversation where people chose their own way; figure out what motivates them.

Moore considers obesity the biggest scourge, leading to diabetes, high blood pressure and other conditions. Coaches would work on changing peoples mindsets and behaviors by helping them figure out why its important to make a change.

For some, its not wanting to end up a burden on their kids, others want to be a role model or feel less lousy. Others just want to look better in their jeans, she said.

Then, Moore said, the coaches will continue to use that motivation to keep people on track, working with individuals or groups for months or longer.

Rev. Grey Maggiano, rector of Memorial Episcopal Church, said hes struck by the disparities that exist just blocks apart near his church. He believes a spiritual-based coaching team could make a big impact in the West Baltimore neighborhood where he lives and works beyond the pandemic.

Whenever grant money is released around a crisis, often the money disappears when the crisis goes away, he said. Here were trying to build a network of peer coaches who can continue to provide resources and support that can be activated when something else happens but also has continuing resources.

Much of the program is being done on a volunteer basis, with Maggiano looking for small grants to pay some additional speakers during training and produce public service announcements.

Wellcoaches also said it is working generally on getting coaches paid by establishing official billing codes for coaching and getting insurers to provide reimbursements. Then coaching can be a full-time career rather than volunteer work, cementing the availability of the service.

Kindred Coaches first cohort of about 20 coaches is beginning a series of twice-weekly online sessions this week to learn how to direct small groups or individuals to take charge of their own health.

Linda Johnson-Harvey was among those signing on to become a coach.

Shes already been doing work as apostle at Fragrance of Faith Ministry. She has worked to provide care to those suffering trauma and provide fresh food where access is limited. Training with Kindred Coaches will expand my toolbox, she said.

Since the social justice movement took off after the death in May of George Floyd, a Minneapolis Black man in police custody, shes felt a clarion call to address racial inequities. With the pandemic, she said that must include addressing health care inequities.

She views coaching as a means to build trust in disenfranchised communities who have not felt welcomed or comfortable seeking medical care. Many have felt they couldnt afford or access care.

Well look you in the eye and say Im here and how can I help you walk out and take the next step to the doctors office or whatever you need to do, Johnson-Harvey said.

Well help people feel safe, valued and helped, she said. This at a time when were dealing with two major health things, health disparities and inequities both heavy hitters. Its time.

2020 The Baltimore Sun

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Spiritual coaches aim to ease COVID-19, other health disparities in West Baltimore - Yahoo News

Indulgence for cemetery visits extended to spiritual visits and whole month of November – Aleteia EN

By the special mandate of His Holiness Pope Francis, the Apostolic Penitentiary released on Friday some changes to the normal practice for obtaining indulgences in the month of November. The Decree containing these modifications was signed October 22, the liturgical memorial of Pope St John Paul II.Plenary Indulgence during month of November

Due to the coronavirus pandemic and the need to avoid large groups from forming, the Plenary Indulgence applicable to the deceased by those who visit a cemetery has been extended beyond the normal dates of November 1-8. This year, the indulgence can be obtained by anyone who visits a cemetery, even if only mentally, on any day in November, and devoutly prays for the faithful departed.

Regarding the Plenary Indulgence attached to All Souls Day, November 2, this year, it can be obtained not only on the preceding or succeeding Sunday, or on the actual Feast day, but on any other day of the month chosen by each member of the faithful.

In this case, the indulgence is obtained by devoutly visiting a church or an oratory, along with the recitation of the Our Father and the Creed, and the other requirements associated with a Plenary Indulgence.

For anyone who cannot leave their home for various reasons, including anti-Covid restrictions, they too can obtain the Plenary Indulgence by uniting themselves spiritually to other members of the faithful.

In this case, the condition of being completely detached from sin and the intention of completing the other requirements for obtaining a Plenary Indulgence remain. These conditions are Sacramental Confession, reception of Holy Communion and prayer for the Holy Fathers intentions.

The Decree suggests that such prayer take place before an image of Jesus or the Blessed Virgin Mary. Among the various prayers that are recommended are prayers for the deceased, Morning or Evening Prayer from the Office of the Dead, the Rosary, the Divine Mercy Chaplet, meditating on various Gospel passages proposed for the liturgy of the Dead, or completing a work of mercy by offering to God the suffering and discomforts of ones own life.

Directing a word to priests, the Decree asks that they make the Sacrament of Confession generously available and that they make Holy Communion available to the sick. In addition, as customary, all priests are invited to offer three Masses on All Souls Day.

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Indulgence for cemetery visits extended to spiritual visits and whole month of November - Aleteia EN

Russia is fighting coronavirus with prayers: a companion of Putins spiritual father has published a special book – Pledge Times

In Russia, where hospitals complain about the lack of places to store the bodies of those who died from coronavirus infection, a book with prayers against COVID-19 was launched on sale.

As writes Sign, author of the book Coronavirus. Prayers to help the sick and those who are at risk - Vladimir Zobern. He is an associate of Bishop Tikhon Shevkunov, who is called Putins confessor.

The price of the book is about 300 rubles (more than 100 hryvnia).

We will remind that in the spring of this year Shevkunov declared that God is not a humanist, but a philanthropist. They say that is why he allowed the coronavirus epidemic so that people learn to love their neighbors and through this they know God himself.

By the way, the French actor Gerard Depardieu, who recently converted to Orthodoxy, his spiritual father named Tikhon Shevkunov.

Image by Orna Wachman from Pixabay.

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Russia is fighting coronavirus with prayers: a companion of Putins spiritual father has published a special book - Pledge Times

We are proud and excited to announce that Terraformers is now part of the Goblinz line up! – Gamasutra

[This unedited press release is made available courtesy of Gamasutra and its partnership with notable game PR-related resource GamesPress.]

Terraformers is a roguelite 3X in which you terraform Mars and establish humanity there.It is developed by the Swiss dev team of Asteroid Lab!

Explore the wonders of the planet, exploit its resources and expand by setting up new cities. Start the terraforming process: warm the planet, create oceans and spread life!

Key features:

Alexis Giard Programmer

Terraformers is targeted for launch in Q2-Q3 2021 on PC in a first stage.

For more information:

Press contact:[emailprotected]

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We are proud and excited to announce that Terraformers is now part of the Goblinz line up! - Gamasutra

We asked Kim Stanley Robinson: Can science fiction save us? – TheWestNews

What does the future hold? In our new series Imagining the Next Future, Polygon explores the new era of science fiction in movies, books, TV, games, and beyond to see how storytellers and innovators are imagining the next 10, 20, 50, or 100 years during a moment of extreme uncertainty. Follow along as we deep dive into the great unknown.

We asked Kim Stanley Robinson: Can science fiction save us?can map a positive future in an unrelentingly negative era, we naturally started thinking about Kim Stanley Robinson. The novelist the L.A. Times Review of Books called our last great utopian visionary and the New Yorker called one of the most important political writers working in America today, Robinson is known specifically for dense, thoughtful novels about where Earth might go based on science and culture today. The trilogy hes best known for Red Mars, Green Mars, and Blue Mars uses terraforming in space as a way to raise the issue of reclaiming our own Earthly environment, and to consider how we interact with it. His 2017 novel New York 2140 is set in a future New York thats flooded due to climate change, and like many of his other books, it presents utopian alternatives to capitalism.

And his latest book, The Ministry for the Future, again models a series of attempts to contain and control climate change, in a sprawling story that acknowledges personal and public problems with systemic change, but still comes across as more hopeful than pessimistic. Polygon spoke with Robinson by phone to discuss the problems with science fiction utopias, how theyre sparked real change in the past, and how we use science fiction in everyday thinking.

Can science fiction save us in our present political and cultural circumstances? Is it a useful teaching tool to help us think about how to solve our present problems, or model better ways of living?

Well, its the latter, for sure. Whether its the former depends on whether we pay attention. But let me answer a little more at length.

If you think of science fiction as just a kind of modeling exercise, everybody is a science fiction writer in their own lives. You make plans based on modeling in your mind. When youre feeling hopeful, you have a kind of utopian plan: if you do these things, youll get to a good place. And then when youre afraid, you have these worries that if you do these things, youll get to a bad place. So the fundamental exercise of science fiction is a very natural human thing. And then when it gets written down in long narrative forms, like science fiction novels, everybody recognizes the exercises involved there. Although when I say that, I realize that, actually, lots of people dont like to read science fiction, so theyre not recognizing the way books are the same as what they do for their own lives. Thats surprising to me, but it happens a lot.

Anyway, science fiction is a modeling exercise where all the science fiction put together, especially all the near-future visions, they range from totally horrible to perhaps quite nice. Its heavier-weighted at the disaster end than at the utopian end, maybe because its easier, or maybe because its more shockingly interesting to read. Its not like going to town meetings and reading blueprints for plumbing facilities. The utopian end of science fiction has a reputation for being a dull, eat-your-greens type fiction, so theres less of it compared to the disaster stuff. But there is both. And if you read a lot of it, one hopes youre prepared for anything.

[quads id=3]

That isnt 100% true, but youre maybe better prepared than if you hadnt read it. In that sense, I think science fiction could be a great teaching tool for people. You cant read all science fiction, and if youre reading nothing but space opera, none of this would obtain. Because the problems of spaceships flying faster than light across the galaxy are not always immediately applicable to the situation were in here on Earth. So its a specific wing of science fiction Im talking about that could be helpful if people read it.

With a book like New York 2140, are you actively out to teach people? To model a positivist future where people can make real individual change?

Yeah, I am! I consider my novels, amongst many other things, to be my political activism. Im interested in portraying futures where there are more cooperative, altruistic, post-capitalist systems that are working well. I try to model them on things already going on in this world that seem to be better to me than the dominant global neoliberal order. And then pretend that those small communal efforts around the world intensify and take over, so their emergence signals an emerging world order that would work better with reconciling humanity and the biosphere. Because we have to come into a balance with our biosphere, or else were in terrible trouble.

I do that on purpose in the New York novel, very explicitly so. I was trying to work on how to make people think about how finance works, how it can be made to work for us, rather than for extracting our money for the 1%. So yeah, for sure.

Youre celebrated for a level of research and realism in your novels, regardless of whether theyre near-future or set in space. Is part of the urge for that level of realism just that you cant model a real and inspiring future if youre not working from real facts?

Thats one way of putting it, and I would agree with that. But what Id also say is that, along with thinking of my novels as my political activism, Im just an art-for-arts-sake kind of English-major guy. I would like to write good novels. And thats my overriding consideration. And its a kind of life-quest thing, or a religious quest. What makes a good novel? When I think about them as a reader, what I like in a novel is that kind of dense feeling of reality, where you read it and go, Yeah, thats the way life really is.

If you set novels in the future, like I seem compelled to do, and you want your readers to say, Yeah, thats the way life really is, you have to overcompensate a little bit. I used to call it cardboard sets. You know how you look at the TV Star Trek from the 1960s, and you can see that the spaceships bridge was made of cardboard and plywood? Science fiction, to me, has too many cardboard sets and backdrops, and it reduces your ability to take the story in as something serious and moving. So in other words, to make a good novel, and yet also have the story set in the feature, which is a bit of a crazy thing, I had to overcompensate and try to make them even more realistic than your ordinary realist novel.

So then they become a little fact-heavy. Ive had to work against being too ponderous, or overcompensating too far. But yeah, thats the reason Ive gotten caught up, in its almost like Im in a double bind. Im trying to do two things at once that dont match up very well. And it causes the distortions in my books that make them weird. Ive long since reconciled myself to that. Its actually a good thing to be different. And its a good thing to have weird novels, because there are too many novels that arent weird enough. Theyre too easy and too ordinary, and they slip through your mind, and then youve forgotten them and the writer. So to be a little bizarre and obdurate, so its actually a bit of work, and even sometimes irritating? Well, thats part of the experience of reading one of my novels, and afterward, you remember it better. [Laughs]

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At least I hope so. I mean, thats a good way of looking at it. You know, they are very controversial books. Im highly aware that I get a high positive and a high negative. There are a lot of people who think Im just simply inept, because I dont do it like other people do. And Im not very fast-paced, although I would like to be. Id like to show people are wrong. I have fast-paced sections in my book all the time. But the ultimate effect is that my books are these big monsters.

The LA Review of Books referred to you as our last great utopian visionary. What do you think of that title, or at least the utopian visionary part?

I think thats fine. Ive rolled the dice toward doing utopian fiction. There isnt very much of it the canon of utopias could be listed on your fingers and toes. And yet I think theyre very valuable. Occasionally, they have effects in the real world. Edward Bellamys Looking Backward from 1888 was a big part of the progressive movement 120 years ago. H.G. Wells utopian novels had a huge impact on the Bretton Woods agreement and the settlements after World War II. A good utopian novel can, a generation later, or even a few years later, have an impact on how people think the future should go.

I felt a deep kinship and love for Ursula K. Le Guin and Iain Banks, these two great utopian writers. Theyve died, and I do feel a bit lonely for my own generation. But I also see a lot of young writers coming up who call themselves solarpunk, or hopepunk, or the new utopians, and whatnot. Theyre forming schools, theyre trying to get enthusiastic about improvising our way to a green future. I think theyre utopian, but perhaps a little bit outdated or scared by the term utopia, because its so often used as a weapon to mean unrealistic and never going to happen. So they make up different names. Im glad to see these. I dont think utopian fiction will ever go away. Its like a necessary blueprint for thinking our way forward. So it seems like its a good time for utopian fiction. Im sad at losing colleagues I loved, but Im encouraged at the way the genre itself is ratcheting its way back into peoples attention.

Its surprising how many classic novels described as utopian fiction are actually disguised as dystopian novels.

This is worth talking about! In the Greimas rectangle, theres the thing thats not you, and theres the thing thats against you. These are not the same. In that model, the opposite of utopia is dystopia. But the thing against you is anti-utopia. What that model is saying is, if you try to get to utopia, it would necessarily be bad. So its against the idea of utopia itself. Dystopian fiction isnt against the idea of utopia. Its just saying, Oh, we tried, and we lost. But anti-utopian ideas say that trying to make utopias necessarily rebound, and boomerang into disaster.

So for example, 1984 is a dystopia. Big Brother is not trying to make you happy. That government is putting its boot on your neck. But Brave New World is the great anti-utopian novel, where they try to make everybody happy, so they drug them and electroshock them, and then everybodys supposed to be happy, and it doesnt work. Those two very, very famous novels service, the great dystopia, and the great anti-utopia. And the fourth term in the rectangle this comes out of Fredric Jamesons Marxist literary criticism would be anti-anti-utopian. That gets super mysterious, but it just refers to insisting that its possible to make a better world. So thats the mysterious fourth term in that particular rectangle. I am anti-anti-utopian, but Im also utopian, which is a little more obvious.

Yeah! Yeah, it is!

Supposedly utopian fiction cant have a story, because it cant have conflicts or imperfections. How have you approached that problem as youre thinking about all this philosophically?

Yes, sure. I think there are some. One strategy I used in Pacific Edge is, you show that in a utopia, its still possible to be extremely unhappy. In a utopia, theres still A falls in love with B, whos in love with C, whos in love with A, and theyre all miserable. Or A is in love with B, and then he dies. Utopia does not guarantee human happiness. It just takes away unnecessary suffering by way of political oppression.

Another way is to define utopia as not a perfect end-state society. Thats impossible anyway. You define it as a progressive movement in history, with each generation doing better than the generation before, in substantial ways, in terms of equality, justice, and sustainability. Its a process, not a product. So utopia is just a name for one kind of history. I do that a lot. Lastly, Iain Banks was great at this. In his space-opera novels, there was a post-scarcity galactic utopia, but its always under assault by forces that dont like it. He was one of the greatest writers of my generation, in so many ways, but especially in terms of stage business and exciting plots, Iain was the master. His utopian society always had to defend itself, sometimes quite violently. So the defense of utopia becomes like a war zone, and suddenly youre back to war novels. And then the utopia sits there as a kind of a given, but it has to be defended. Thats a great strategy that I havent used as much as Iain.

I learned from him, and I learned from Le Guin. She always went right to the heart of the contradictions: if everybodys free to do what they want, who takes out the trash? What happens when theres a drought? Is there a police force? If there isnt, how do you control a violent person? In The dispossessed, she basically went to every one of the problems utopia would have in terms of contradiction, and dramatized that. I learned a lot from her, too.

What else interests you in science fiction right now? Whats going on that you find intriguing or inspiring or enlightening?

I like a lot of feminist science fiction, from the women who are basically my generation of writers. Theyre still doing good work. I like the new, young solar utopians. I like British science fiction. Im a little hampered here, because theres way more going on than Ive had a chance to see. I read my friends, who tend to be my age, I read interesting new things to try to keep track of stuff. I see utopians like Cory Doctorow, or leftist science fiction thats political and intense. And that and the leftist feminist wing, I think, is strong right now in community.

[quads id=3]

People see science fiction as a way to write out your social, political, and personal hopes. I think its at a pretty healthy status right now. Science fiction seems almost central to the culture in a way that wasnt when I was young. Everybodys aware of it. Theres no prejudice against it. Most of thats gone away. So I like the feeling of it being an aspect of the mainstream. Im a public intellectual and a political figure Im really just a novelist and a science fiction writer, but because this culture now takes science fiction seriously, that means theyre taking me seriously.

When you bring up women writers of your age that you particularly admire, who are you thinking of?

Karen Fowler. Molly Gloss. Eleanor Arnason. Kathy Goonan. Pat Murphy. Lisa Goldstein. Gwyneth Jones and Justina Robson in England. The list could go on and on. A thing happened in academia and in culture at large Le Guin, Joanna Russ, and James Tiptree, Jr., [the pseudonym of] Alice Sheldon, they took all the attention. People like to reduce their attention to a few charismatic figures and forget about the rest. Academic critics are like that too, creating their canon. So the Le Guin/Russ/Tiptree combine sort of represented feminist science fiction as if it was the only thing there. And this whole cohort of women my age, who are just a little younger than Le Guin/Russ/Tiptree, they got sidelined by academia, and had a tough time catching readership, even people like Sheri Tepper, or Suzy McKee Charnas. Names will keep coming to me.

They are all great writers, and they havent gotten the academic attention they deserve, because academics tend to flock to what everybody else has already read, so theres a mutual shared understanding of what youre talking about. So theres a natural canonization is a weird increasing-returns situation, where early attention to someone like Le Guin as great a figure as she is, she wasnt writing novels that were any more distinctive than, say, Suzy McKee Charnas.

Ive been a beneficiary of a very much slower, smaller increase in returns. A lot of writers of my generation are very fine writers, so I see it happening all over. Also, cyberpunk came in in the 80s and said, Oh, everything going on in the 70s was junk, and that included all these women science fiction writers who got erased by a publicity-hound machine that wasnt interested in feminism, per se. So the 80s were bad in many ways, politically, and that was one of them.

Where would you like to see science fiction go from here?

Thats a good question, because Im feeling kind of mystified. If science fiction is mainstream, and its the realistic fiction of our time, what now? The future seems to be getting really hard to foresee or predict. The bottom line is, you could you could have a horrific mass extinction event next, or a superb Golden Age. It isnt like were on any obvious trajectory.

Heres what I could say: Theres lots of different kinds of science fiction. Theres the kind that is a disguised version of today. Theres space opera that takes us off into the galaxy, and its millions of years from now, and its basically magic. And then theres that middle time thats talking about various futures about 100 years out, maybe 200 years out at the most. I call it future history, and thats been my zone. And its relatively depopulated, compared to the other two. Ive done a lot of near-future, day-after-tomorrow, science fiction really talking about right now, like the New York novel. I would like to see that zone become really vibrant, so people begin to see how important what we do now is for determining the next couple hundred years, and that huge spread of possibility. So I guess I would just say more future history.

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We asked Kim Stanley Robinson: Can science fiction save us? - TheWestNews

As U.S. election nears, researchers are following the trail of fake news – Science Magazine

By Greg MillerOct. 26, 2020 , 1:25 PM

It started with a tweet from a conservative media personality, accompanied by photos, claiming that more than 1000 mail-in ballots had been discovered in a dumpster in Sonoma county in California. Within hours on the morning of 25 September, a popular far-right news website ran the photos with an exclusive story suggesting thousands of uncounted ballots had been dumped by the county and workers had tried to cover it up.

In fact, according to Sonoma county officals, the photos showed empty envelopes from the 2018 election that had been gathered for recycling. Ballots for this years general election had not yet been mailed. Even so, within a single day, more than 25,000 Twitter users had shared a version of the false ballot-dumping story, including Donald Trump Jr., who has 5.7 million followers.

This election season, understanding how misinformationand intentionally propagated disinformationspreads has become a major goal of some social scientists. They are using a variety of approaches, including ethnographic research and quantitative analyses of internet-based social networks, to investigate where election disinformation originates, who spreads it, and how many people see it. Some are helping media firms figure out ways to block it, while others are probing how it might influence voting patterns.

The stakes are high, researchers say. This narrative that youre not going to be able to trust the election results is really problematic, says Kate Starbird, a crisis informatics researcher at the University of Washingtons Center for an Informed Public. If you cant trust your elections, then Im not sure democracy can work.

In 2016, Russian operatives played a major role in spreading disinformation on social media in an attempt to sow discord and influence the U.S. presidential election. Foreign actors continue to interfere. But researchers say the bulk of disinformation about this years election has originated with right-wing domestic groups, attempting to create doubt about the integrity of the election in general, and about mail-in voting in particular. An analysis by the Election Integrity Partnership (EIP), a multi-institution collaboration, showed that the false story about the Sonoma ballots was spread largely by U.S.-based websites and individuals with large, densely interconnected social media networks. Theyre just sort of wired to spread these misleading narratives, says Starbird, who is an EIP collaborator.

Much of the election disinformation EIP has tracked so far originates in conspiratorial corners of the right-wing media ecosystem. What were seeing right now are essentially seeds being planted, dozens of seeds each day, of false stories, says Emerson Brooking, a resident fellow at the Atlantic Councils Digital Forensic Research Lab, which is part of EIP. Theyre all being planted such that they could be cited and reactivated after the election by groups attempting to delegitimize the result by claiming the vote was unfair or manipulated.

So far, most of the disinformation EIP has documented focuses on election integrity. But as Election Day draws near, Starbird and Brookingexpect to see more attempts to create confusion about voting procedures and attempts to suppress turnoutby raising fears about violence at polling places, for example.

Election deception can take various forms on social media. Joan Donovan, research director of Harvard Universitys Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, has been doing digital detective work on Facebook groups targeting Latinos with proPresident Donald Trump messages that appear to be run by non-Latinos who have assumed fake identities. These groups coordinate their campaigns and recruit participants on public message boards or chat apps, allowing researchers to observe their operations; the postings also provide clues the researchers can follow to investigate who the members are and what motivates them.

Purveyors of disinformation have become expert at exploiting the dynamic between social and mainstream media, researchers say. Right-wing conspiracy groups like QAnonwhich promotes a false narrative that a cabal of cannibalistic, Satan-worshiping pedophiles are trying to bring down Trumphave learned how to create content and trade up the chain of social media users and hyperpartisan websites with increasingly large followings, Donovan says. When the falsehoods start to get traction, mainstream media outlets often feel compelled to debunk them, which can end up further extending the storys reach. Several stories that had been circulating in QAnon networks got mainstream coverage around the time of the first presidential debate, for example, including unfounded claims that former Vice President Joe Biden might take performance-enhancing drugs or cheat by wearing an earpiece during the debate. What were seeing is that the ways in which news media traditionally operate is now being turned into a vulnerability, Donovan says.

Not all election disinformation is coming from the bottom up, however. Yochai Benkler, co-director of the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Societyat Harvard, and colleagues recently examined how claims of potential fraud associated with mail-in ballots entered public discourse. The researchers analyzed more than 55,000 online news stories, 5 million tweets, and 75,000 posts on public Facebook pages between March and August. They found that most spikes in media coverage and social media activity on the topic were driven by Trump himselfeither through his own hyperactive Twitter account, press briefings, or appearances on the Fox TV network. Donald Trump has perfected the art of harnessing mass media to disseminate and reinforce his disinformation campaign, the researchers write in a preprint posted earlier this month.

EIP is working with social media companies to help them refine and clarify their policies so they can react more quickly to disinformation. Several companies have taken recent steps to flag or remove content, or make it harder to sharesteps experts say are welcome, if long overdue. (Some platforms are also trying to nudge users toward better habits, as with Twitters recent experiment with prompts that appear when someone tries to share a link to an article they havent opened, encouraging them to read it first before sharing.)

The impact of disinformation on the election wont be easy to measure. Some clues, however, might come from a research collaboration with Facebook aimed at studying the platforms impact on this years election. The company has given 17 academic researchers access to data on the Facebook activity of a large number of users whove consented to be involved. (Facebook expects between 200,000 and 400,000 users to volunteer.) Participants agree to answer surveys and, in some cases, go off Facebook for a period of time before the election to help researchers investigate the effects Facebook use on political attitudes and behavior.

Among other things, the Facebook users will be asked at different times to rate their confidence in government, the police, large corporations, and the scientific community. Were able to look at things like changes in attitudes and whether people participated in the election and link it to their experiences on Facebook and Instagram, including exposure to election disinformation, says Joshua Tucker, one of the projects coordinators and a professor of politics and co-director of New York Universitys Center for Social Media and Politics.

Some evidence suggests the impacts might not be as great as feared, says Deen Freelon, a political communication researcher at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Theres a long history of research, for example, showing that political ads only have marginal influence on voters. And more recent studies have suggested misinformation did not have a major effect on the 2016 election. A study published in Science in 2019 found that 80% of exposure to fake news was concentrated within just 1% of Twitter users. A survey study reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) found no evidence that that people who engaged with Russian troll accounts on Twitter exhibited any substantial changes in political attitudes or behavior.

Freelon, who was a co-author on the PNAS paper and is also a member of the Facebook collaboration, says hes more worried about second order effects of disinformation on our culture, such as the general sense of paranoia and distrust it creates. When people look at social media and cant figure out whats true and whats not, it degrades the overall informational quality of our political conversations, he says. It inserts doubt into a process that really shouldnt have any.

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As U.S. election nears, researchers are following the trail of fake news - Science Magazine

No matter who wins the US election, the world’s ‘fake news’ problem is here to stay – CNN

As journalists assembled for a photo op, setting up cameras, Trump quipped: "Get rid of them. Fake news is a great term, isn't it? You don't have this problem in Russia, but we do."

"We also have, it's the same," Putin replied.

Meanwhile, some of those same leaders have greenlit the deliberate spread of real disinformation -- US intelligence agencies concluded that Russia, for example, had used false news to interfere in the 2016 election.

"There is no question that the fact that the President of the United States is using this term to attack independent media gives an element of license to other politicians elsewhere."

For experts like Jankowicz, who have closely followed the President's war on facts and the undemocratic behavior they inspire, the potential coup de grace could be yet to come: After November, any suggestion that the US election results are phony would have a devastating effect -- and not just in America.

At a time when authoritarians are working to stamp out domestic dissent and roll back fundamental rights, undermining elections at the heart of the world's beacon of democracy sets a dangerous precedent -- one likely to be embraced by other leaders trying to maintain their grip on power.

Trump was, however, the first US President to deploy it against his opponents. And over the last four years, he has brought the phrase into the mainstream, popularizing it as a smear for unfavorable, but factual coverage.

This has given cover and conferred legitimacy to other politicians hoping to do the same. "Fake news" has been invoked by dozens of leaders, governments and state media around the world, including Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte, Polish President Andrzej Duda, former Spanish Foreign Minister Alfonso Dastis, Chinese Ambassador to the United Kingdom Liu Xiaoming and former Malaysia Prime Minister Najib Razak, just to name a few.

"It [fake news rhetoric] has emboldened authoritarians, who are capable of taking even more brutal action against domestic opponents than President Trump can in the US."

"There is no question that the fact that the President of the United States is using this term to attack independent media gives an element of license to other politicians elsewhere, including some authoritarian leaders to dress up their own attacks on independent media and point to the example of the US," said Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, director of the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.

Patrcia Campos Mello, who has been harassed for her reporting on alleged corruption in Brazil, told Pence that President Jair Bolsonaro had mirrored Trump's rhetoric and attacks on the press, even canceling the government's subscription to her publication, Folha de S.Paulo, after the US President did the same to The New York Times and The Washington Post newspapers. Other reporters at the event also flagged the worrying rise in "fake news" legislation, used to target critical media.

"It [fake news rhetoric] has emboldened authoritarians, who are capable of taking even more brutal action against domestic opponents than President Trump can in the US," said Allie Funk, a senior research analyst for technology and democracy at Freedom House, pointing to an escalation of arrests and violence.

Trump's promotion of the phrase "fake news" will have lasting implications for democracy around the world, say academics, press freedom advocates and policymakers -- not least because the global laws enacted in the wake of his rhetoric will be difficult to overturn.

"It's been almost four years of equating journalists with fake news. And we've seen that taken up by countries and leaders around the world, from the obvious ones like China and Russia, Egypt, which need no excuse for their press freedom crackdowns but are nonetheless happy to have the cover of the United States doing the same, through to Hungary, Poland, across Europe and in Latin America," said Courtney C. Radsch, CPJ's advocacy director.

"I doubt that's going to somehow dissolve once you have a new administration in place. I just don't see the genie being put back in the bottle."

The timeless problem of powerful people trying to mislead the public has been compounded by social media platforms, which allow demonstrably false information to be shared to very large audiences with limited regulation or oversight. The content moderation policies that do exist are often applied unequally -- politicians' posts that break the rules and misleading political advertisements are rarely removed, because they are considered to be in the public interest. Addressing that reality requires more transparency on the part of the platforms -- specifically, revealing how their algorithms work -- as well as political will to improve the online information ecosystem and hold tech companies, which are almost entirely headquartered in America, to account.

"Never before has a leader in the highest office in one of the world's most powerful, if not the most powerful, democracies, taken the hammer himself, to start breaking down the very principles that the country once was proud to defend."

To date, however, efforts in the US to police the platforms have been hindered by a belief that any regulation would impinge on the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech. Marietje Schaake, international policy director at Stanford University's Cyber Policy Center, says that framing ignores the way that data collection, algorithmic amplification, artificial intelligence, curation and virality influences the way speech travels online -- including hate speech, conspiracy theories and propaganda. And that can have a perilous impact on public discourse.

Facebook and Twitter have begun to add fact-checks and warning labels to misleading or false posts from politicians, and, in some cases, are taking them down altogether. But a narrow focus on factually incorrect content ignores what is possibly more dangerous -- rhetoric that, over time, undermines faith in democracy itself, says Deborah Brown, senior researcher and advocate on digital rights at Human Rights Watch. "They're looking at information that could mislead voters about when or where the poll is taking place, or specific charges that can be proven untrue. But I think what we've seen with Trump's strategy is he's calling into question the entire legitimacy of the process," she said.

So what happens, for example, if the US President does take to Twitter on election night and calls the results "fake"?

Casting doubt over any adverse outcome is a tactic that other foreign leaders have deployed for decades, but it would be unprecedented for a sitting President of the United States. "Never before has a leader in the highest office in one of the world's most powerful, if not the most powerful, democracies, taken the hammer himself, to start breaking down the very principles that the country once was proud to defend," said Schaake, whose research focuses on disinformation, digital democracy and election security.

"No matter who wins. I think it's also going to be very hard to repair, if it's even possible."

The rest is here:

No matter who wins the US election, the world's 'fake news' problem is here to stay - CNN

Comics can teach readers how to identify fake news – The Conversation CA

At this point, most of us know the drill when it comes to COVID-19: proper hand hygiene, mask wearing and social distancing.

But does setting fire to cell towers make your list? Probably not. A conspiracy theory linking 5G mobile technology to the COVID-19 outbreak has ignited fears worldwide, prompting just this response from a few individuals in Qubec, who set ablaze seven mobile towers.

Read more: Cell tower vandals and re-open protestors why some people believe in coronavirus conspiracies

Although such destructive responses are rare, thousands of digital consumers have absorbed aspects of this falsehood, pushing fringe beliefs into the mainstream despite refutations from the World Health Organization and multiple agencies in Canada and the United States. What started as a conspiracy turned into a real crisis for the people who immediately believed what theyd heard.

My research focuses on critical media studies and ideological representations in news and popular culture. I regularly offer workshops to schools and community groups that engage the public in contemporary media literacy issues. My book, Wont Get Fooled Again: A Graphic Guide To Fake News, helps readers identify the underlying purpose of the messages they receive and learn how to do basic research before accepting the validity of whats being presented to them.

Fake news is an increasingly pressing problem. In fact, a 2019 poll found 90 per cent of Canadians reported falling for false information online.

As consumers, we need to learn how to filter content and become our own educators, editors and fact-checkers to ensure the information we act upon is trustworthy. In a constantly changing informational and political environment, its no wonder we often struggle to separate fact from fiction.

Research indicates people create misinformation for two primary reasons: money and ideology.

Articles, videos and other forms of content can generate large amounts of money for the websites that host these pieces. Most of their income comes from clicks on advertisements, so the more people who visit their sites, the better chances they have of boosting ad revenue. This feedback loop has led many publishers to lean on false information to drive traffic.

The threshold for making believable fake news has fallen as well. A conspiracy theorist, for example, can create a web page using a professional template with high-quality photos in just a few clicks. Once the content has been added, sharing it on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other platforms requires even less effort.

These misinformation and fake-news campaigns amplify and circulate through false digital accounts using automated programs known as bots that use certain keywords to influence and impact conversations among like-minded clusters of people. The results can foment discord on hot-button Canadian policy issues like immigration and refugees possibly disrupting election outcomes.

Canadians are expressing anxiety about the social impact of fake news, with 70 per cent fearing it could affect the outcome of a federal election. The Pew Research Center warns that fake news may even influence the core functions of the democratic system and contribute to truth decay.

Dubious and inflammatory content can undermine the quality of public debate, promote misconceptions, foster greater hostility toward political opponents and corrode trust in government and journalism.

The effects of misinformation have been evident throughout the COVID-19 epidemic, with many citizens confused as to whether a mask will decrease the chances of spreading the infection. Similar tactics are being levelled against Black Lives Matter protesters, such as labelling them all as rioters when videos and photos show most behaving peacefully.

Conspiracy theories about the Chinese virus, amplified by politicians in Canada and the U.S., have fanned the flames of anti-Asian sentiments following the spread of COVID-19. Data from law enforcement and Chinese-Canadian groups has shown an increase in anti-Asian hate incidents in Canada since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Read more: Anti-Asian racism during coronavirus: How the language of disease produces hate and violence

Aside from a few social media platforms that identify misleading content and provide a brief explanation, most information online or in print can appear factual. So how can we figure out which sources to trust?

As a sociologist who focuses on critical media studies, I formed focus groups and collected input from my students to create a resources to guide readers through identifying fake news. While regulation and legislation are part of the solution, experts agree we must take swift action to teach students how to seek verification before acting on fake news.

In my findings, students identified several reasons why media outlets post or re-publish fake news, including making mistakes, being short-staffed, not fact-checking and actively seeking greater viewership by posting fake news.

The students pointed to holistic media literacy and critical thinking training as the best responses. This finding runs counter to the tactics currently used by publishers and tech companies to label or fact-check disputed news.

One student summarized this mindset best: As citizens and consumers, we have a responsibility to be critical. Dont accept stories blindly. Hold those in power responsible for their actions!

Getting multiple perspectives is a great way to expand our digest of viewpoints. Once we can see a story from more than one angle, separating truth from falsehood becomes much simpler.

At this point, I transitioned from recording perceptions of fake news to determining how to identify it. Providing students with information about the nature and agendas of fake news, in an immersive format, seemed to be a key step in engaging and cultivating their critical literacy capabilities. Information delivery was a key consideration.

Researchers have shown graphic narratives can accelerate cognition by focusing the readers attention on crucial information. Images clarify complex content, especially for visual learners. Comic books require readers to create meaning using multiple factors that helps develop a complex, multi-modal literacy.

A major goal of my book involves unpacking the motivations behind the news we consume. Consider why a particular person was interviewed: Who do they represent? What do they want us to believe? Is another point of view missing?

Wont Get Fooled Again: A Graphic Guide to Fake News is the culmination of my research and the insights drawn from media literacy scholarship. This guide helps readers understand what fake news is, where it comes from, and how to check its accuracy.

If theres one habit my students and I hope everyone will develop, its this: pause before sharing news on social media. Double-check anything that immediately sparks anger or frustration and, remember, fake news creators want a reaction, not thoughtful reflection.

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Comics can teach readers how to identify fake news - The Conversation CA

A small dose of fake news: The mouse that roared? – Anadolu Agency

ANKARA

While the scourge of fake news is blamed for people worldwide making unwise choices, when it comes to COVID-19, the stakes for personal health could be truly life threatening.

But according to a recent study, limited exposure to misinformation may not be enough to achieve behavioral change.

Recent years have seen an enormous quantity of misinformation circulating via social media, including a virtual tidal wave infodemic of false reports about the coronavirus pandemic.

Public health officials have feared that such fake news could dissuade people from widely accepted health measures such as wearing masks or even push them to refuse to take a vaccine.

Researchers from Ireland wanted to test whether brief one-time exposure to online misinformation is actually as harmful to public health as some might suppose.

They exposed the studys 3,746 participants to fabricated news stories saying, for example, that certain foods might help protect against COVID-19, or that an vaccine in the pipeline might not be safe.

Over half of the participants were well-educated, with 2,395 participants (64%) having earned at least an undergraduate degree.

"Surprisingly, what we observed is that behavioral effects of one-off fake news exposure might be weaker than previously assumed," Ciara Greene, a professor of psychology at University College Dublin and one of the studys co-authors, told Anadolu Agency.

The study also examined whether providing a warning about fake news might reduce susceptibility a measure media critics might be interested in but, perhaps surprisingly, found that such warnings had no effects.

It suggested that if fake news does affect public behavior on matters of health, then generic warnings used by governments and social media organizations might be effective in combating this, or perhaps not.

Fast falsehoods

According to Greene, most of the research on fake news tends to just focus on targeted fact-checking, which aims to debunk the contents of specific stories.

Critics talk a great deal about how top platforms like Facebook and Twitter can protect people from misinformation and what governments can do about it, she noted.

"Yet they cannot warn all of us since there has been lots of misinformation out there," she added.

"By the time someone's already been exposed to something, it's kind of too late to come around and say, oh not that's not right," she explained.

Or, to quote the well-known saying: A lie gets halfway around the world before the truth has a chance to get its pants on.

This is the reason why, Greene suggested, governments should warn people in advance, giving them a kind of toolkit to help ensure that they are not influenced by fake news in the first place.

There are already some measures in place trying to make people think more critically about fake news, she said, but the people who sign up for such measures are unlikely to be the sort to be fooled by fake news, but rather people who think more critically anyway.

Such measures are maybe not getting to who needs it," she said.

Misinformation warnings

The researchers also looked at the effectiveness of measures to fight fake news.

For example, generic warnings that governments tend to use, such as public service announcements on the radio or posters saying: "Hey look out for fake news, be media smart."

She said they employ different warnings ones framed positively, such as, "Be a good citizen," or ones framed negatively, such as, "This is dangerous, don't do it" and in some cases people get no warnings at all.

"We were very surprised because we expected the warnings to have a considerable effect on people's response to misinformation, and we found absolutely nothing, regardless of its framing," she said.

This finding, she stressed, runs contrary to research suggesting that general warnings about misinformation may be the best way of encouraging critical engagement with suspicious online material.

She said governments possibly cannot target every piece of misinformation out there, as this would be a losing battle.

It is actually very difficult for governments to change or direct citizens' behavior for the public good, she added.

"Think about the amount of money that is put into elections to try and make people change their behavior, even whether it's to vote for a particular candidate, or even just register to vote," she explained.

"So they need to train people to be more critical consumers of news, she said.

Such training should be included in schools, she suggested, with children taught about media literacy.

Given the results of the study, the researchers argued that real-world behavioral effects might result from multiple exposures to a story. Multiple sources might increase consumers faith in a story, and thus influence their subsequent behavior.

Indeed, demagogues have long employed the technique of repeating a falsehood again and again to break down resistance and finally win over listeners.

What are the factors that will actually lead to someone changing their behavior as a result of exposure to fake news?

The new research provides one important piece of the puzzle, but in order to answer the question more fully, more research on the issue needs to be done for the good of both governments and the public.

Read more:

A small dose of fake news: The mouse that roared? - Anadolu Agency

Should we fear fake news in our politics? – RNZ

Fears that foreign political consultants and fringe parties would turn Facebook followers and fake news into votes in the election proved unfounded. The major parties mostly ran a clean game online too. So is misinformation in political messages really something to worry about?

Dr Mona Krewel Photo: RNZ Mediawatch

At the last election in 2017 worries about the political impact of misinformation were only beginning to emerge here as people tried to make sense of the role it played in the UKs Brexit Vote and the 2016 US election.

In subsequent elections in France and Australia and elsewhere, fake stuff and degrees of misinformation on social media became part of the campaign strategy even from established political parties.

I dont want New Zealand to fall into the trap of the negative fake news style campaigns that have taken place overseas in recent years, Labour Party leader Jacinda Ardern said in January.

But political parties here - including hers - had to be prompted to sign up for the Facebook transparency tool which reveals how much parties spend on specific online ads, how often and who they target with those ads. (Labour, the Greens and ACT signed up before Facebook made it compulsory in mid June.)

As the election drew closer, the so-called Bad Boys of Brexit claimed they had done a deal with NZ First to deliver Winston on steroids via social media.The National Party was putting out misleading memes on Facebook and Twitter and statistically-unsound graphics,some of which were deemed merely mischievous rather than misleading by the advertising watchdog.

Billy Te Kahika Jr seized on Covid-19 misinformation and conspiracy theories in his bid to build support for his new political movement - later joined by former Botany MP Jami-Lee Ross and his Advance NZ party. Just two days from the end of polling Facebook removed Advance NZ's page for "repeated" violations of its misinformation policy.

Co-leader Billy Te Kahika Jr said he was "horrified beyond belief" at being de-platformed - while others asked what took Facebook so long to enforce its own long-standing terms and conditions.

But last weekend it became clear they had converted only a fraction of their Facebook following into votes.

Do we really need to fear political fake news disrupting our democracy?

Victoria University of Wellington Professor Jack Vowles told a university podcast early in the election campaign social media messages were definitely reaching more potential voters.

He said 3 percent of people surveyed received political ads on social media in 2011. By the 2017 elections that was up to 12 percent. And another thing which means we ought to pay attention to parties social media election messages: were all paying for a lot of them.

It is an effective means of political communication now for parties and we've seen them transfer the resources they use to campaign from television to social media," he said.

One of several National Party online ads featuring statiscaly exaggerated graphic. Photo: screenshot

The New Zealand Social Media Study (NZSMS), led by Dr Mona Krewel and Professor Jack Vowles from Victoria University of Wellingtons Political Science department, scrutinised thousands of social media posts from political parties during the final four weeks of the campaign.

Its part of the Digital Election Campaigning Worldwide project which analyses elections around the globe. In time it will reveal whether our political players are as prone to political misinformation as others.

Dr Krewel told Mediawatch the study found New Zealands parties and their leaders overall ran positive messages during the campaign.

Judith Collins and also the National Party have been more negative than Labour. However, this is normal, as challenger parties ... they use all forms of communication to level the playing field.

They not only post more, but also show a higher incidence of negativity and the traditional media pick up on that, she said.

For the same reason, the study found minor parties and their leaders have also been more negative than the major parties - and they are also more dependent on media attention.

But Dr Krewel said the amount of fake news and half-truths in the campaigns was pretty low. Several parties did not post any fake news at all - and most posts with misinformation were half-truths.

National Party leader Judith Collins was criticised for posting a selective soundbite of Jacinda Ardern from the first live leaders TV debate. But Dr Krewel noted the party leaders were far less likely to post fake news and half-truths themselves.

That was generally left to parties online accounts - presumably to minimise the risk of blowback for the individuals.

During the 2017 general election campaign, the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) received only 16 complaints about advertising with false content.

But with 10 days to go before the 2020 election, Newsroom.co.nz reported it had received 80 - and even some Advance NZ ads were still circulating even after they had been deemed misleading by the regulator.

The news media focused on Advance NZ and Billy Te Kahika Jr for online misinformation.

Talk to the hand - Newshub's political editor Tova O'Brien accuses Advance NZ leader Jami-Lee Ross of "peddling misinformation" during the election campaign. Photo: screenshot / Newshub Nation

The media were right to focus on them, Dr Krewel told Mediawatch.

She said the worst offender was Advance NZ (half-truths: 31 percent, fake news: 6 percent) and the New Conservatives (half-truths: 16 percent, fake news: 3.7 percent).

Our data also shows that most of the misinformation was around Covid-19 and if this misinformation becomes widely spread, it has the potential to become life-threatening, she said.

News media have upped the game a with fact-checking during this campaign, such as Stuffs The Whole Truth and Australian news agency AAP factchecks reported by other media.

Dr Krewel said the higher the trust in the established media, the better are the chances that this fact-checking has a positive effect.

I think it is definitely very welcome when the traditional media fulfills its role as watchdog and keeps a sharp eye on the parties in an election campaign. The politicians get wind of being fact-checked pretty soon and might fear reputational damages. In particular, the major parties wont risk too much reputational damage, she said.

Dr Krewel said some use traditional media criticism of their social media campaigns strategically.

Parties such as Advance New Zealand might care a lot less about this, as it is part of their rhetoric that the media elites want to silence them and that they are the ones who tell the truth, she said.

Regulatory authorities in all countries must understand how fast social media is and react faster to complaints, Dr Krewel said.

But she said she thinks in general the study shows that regulations around campaigning in New Zealand are working. Compared to some other countries, there are more ways to complain about fake news in New Zealand and - if its bad enough - stop it from being repeated.

The Advertising Standards Authority takes complaints about political party advertising. The Broadcasting Standards Authority, the New Zealand Media Council and the Electoral Commission also have a role.

However, this monitoring still has some limits: if a Facebook post is unpaid content, then it falls outside the brief of complaints about advertising. And it can take some time until misleading content is taken down and until then it is on display, said Dr Krewel.

Read more:

Should we fear fake news in our politics? - RNZ

ACMA: Tech giants’ code to handle fake news fails to meet expectations – Sydney Morning Herald

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"The draft code released by DIGI for public consultation is a long way from the model that we proposed to address these important issues."

Under the proposed model, a tech company would agree to measures to address the ACMA's concerns, which are based on the risk of harm to a user, as well as how they will report back on their attempts to meet these measures.

But the draft code does not provide the specific measures. Instead, it outlines examples such as flagging or demoting content and stopping receiving revenue on ads based on disinformation.

The code defines disinformation as "inauthentic behaviour" for economic gain or that is designed to mislead and may cause harm. It does not include misleading ads, satire or clearly identified news and commentary.

Decisions on what measures need to be taken will be based on factors such as the severity of the post or article, who is involved in its creation, the speed at which it is disseminated and whether it is "maliciously motivated".

This could mean that posts or articles from anti-vaxxers or conspiracy theories that are not published with malice may not be removed or placed lower in a newsfeed.

The code also explicitly states companies will not have to remove content on the basis that it is misleading or false if it isn't unlawful, to balance removal of harmful content with rights of users to engage in free speech.

The companies can opt in or opt out of the code as they wish. It excludes articles sent on private messaging apps such as Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp.

Ms O'Loughlin said the ACMA will meet the tech platforms later this week for further discussions. Consultations about the code are taking place until November 24.

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DIGI's code is the first voluntary proposal to be created by the tech giants. It also has been published at a crucial time for the tech giants, which are awaiting the imminent release of a finalised compulsory code that will make Facebook and Google pay news outlets for use of their content.

Separately, a report published by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission last week found Australians were being "extensively tracked" online, with Google and Facebook the key recipients of the data.

The ACCC analysed the 1000 most popular websites in Australia and found Google's third party scripts on 80 per cent of the websites, while Facebook's were present on 40 per cent. Third party scripts can be embedded into websites to collect analytics or for advertising purposes.

The report also found that Google and Facebook had increased their dominance of the online advertising market to 81 per cent in 2019, up from 73 per cent in 2018.

"Based on information provided to the ACCC, for a typical $100 spent by advertisers ononline advertising in 2019, $53 went to Google, $28 to Facebook and $19 to all otherwebsites and ad tech," the Digital Platform Services interim report said.

ACCC chairman Rod Sims said the figures underscored the difficulty faced by news media businesses, in particular newspapers, in competing for a slice of the digital advertising pie.

"It's a difficult environment to be in if you're relying on online advertising with Google and Facebook growing so quickly," Mr Sims said.

Zoe Samios is a media and telecommunications reporter at The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age.

Lisa Visentin is a federal political reporter at The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age, covering education and communications.

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ACMA: Tech giants' code to handle fake news fails to meet expectations - Sydney Morning Herald

Upset in Seychelles presidential election as incumbent loses – The Associated Press

NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) The Seychelles presidential election has seen an upset, with the electoral commission on Sunday declaring longtime opposition contender Wavel Ramkalawan the winner over incumbent Danny Faure. The ruling party has been knocked from power for the first time since 1977.

Opposition leader Ramkalawan, a 59-year-old priest who has largely devoted himself to politics, received 54% of the vote in the Indian Ocean island nation while Faure received 43%, the commission chair Danny Lucas said, calling the race hotly contested.

Mr. Faure and I are very good friends and an election does not mean the end of ones contribution to ones motherland, Ramkalawan, a six-time presidential candidate, said shortly after the announcement. He promised a consultative approach and no interference by the executive in the work of the countrys various institutions.

Faure accepted his loss and added I wish you all the best, the Seychelles News Agency reported. The outgoing president promised to continue living in the country and said he would be available to dispense advice.

The new president is expected to be sworn in Monday.

Ramkalawans party also won more than a two-thirds majority of National Assembly seats, the news agency reported.

The voting turnout was roughly 75% in the archipelago nation of just under 100,000 people whose tourism-heavy economy has been hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic.

The United States and other nations quickly congratulated citizens of the Seychelles for the peaceful election, with the U.S. calling the vote orderly and free.

The U.S. congratulated Ramkalawan, saying that your historic election is evidence that Seychelles has become a truly democratic nation. The countrys history includes a stretch of one-party rule, a coup in 1977 and a coup attempt in 1981.

Faure, who has been outspoken on the dangers of climate change and the need to protect island nations like his own, assumed the presidency in 2016 after longtime President James Michel stepped down after the ruling United Seychelles party lost parliamentary elections to an opposition coalition.

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Upset in Seychelles presidential election as incumbent loses - The Associated Press

Seychelles is likely to maintain its record of free and fair elections in upcoming polls – The Conversation CA

The Seychelles takes to the polls this week for its presidential and legislative elections. The elections are running concurrently in order to save money. This is because the COVID-19 pandemic has taken a toll on the tourism-based economy since the Seychelles closed its borders in March and only began phased re-opening in June.

In accordance with recently developed Southern African Development Community Guidelines for observation of elections in the region under public health emergencies, pre-election consultations by observer groups were conducted virtually in August. The post-election analysis will also be virtual.

There are three candidates in the running for the top seat. Incumbent Danny Faure represents the United Seychelles Party, Wavel Ramkalawan is from the Seychelles Democratic Union, and Alain St Ange is from the One Seychelles Party.

The United Seychelles Party has been in power since 1977 in various incarnations. It maintained victory at the polls even after the electoral system was democratised in 1993.

However, for the first time since 1993, the opposition Seychelles Democratic Union, won a parliamentary majority in the 2016 elections and party leader Ramkalawan is set to contest his sixth presidential election this year.

Based on the last election, the candidates from the United Seychelles Party and Seychelles Democratic Union are evenly matched. President Faure has focused on the economy in his campaigns, especially the rebuilding of national reserves; reducing partisanship in politics; and representing people from all walks of life.

Ramkalawan is equally focused on the economy. He has also committed to boosting the local economy should he win the seat. St Ange has pledged to decriminalise marijuana and install a technocratic government.

Read more: How to hold elections safely and uphold democracy during the COVID-19 pandemic

The Seychelles is relatively new to democracy. It held its first multiparty presidential and legislative elections in 1993. The country had been a one-party state since since 1979. The transition to a multiparty democracy was entrenched by the 1993 constitution.

Since then, it has built up a fairly good reputation for well-functioning, democratic governance. Barring some allegations of corruption in the electoral process, it has shown rapid improvement, thanks to a strengthened anti-corruption legislative framework.

As we observe in our paper on the quality of elections in Africas small island states, Seychelles is an electoral democracy. It has committed itself to holding free, fair, and regular elections in accordance with its constitution. Its elections are managed by an objective, credible and responsible electoral institution although it has been accused of inefficiency in the past.

The country is also a signatory to the African Unions 2002 Declaration on the Principles Governing Democratic Elections in Africa as well as the 2007 African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance.

The Seychelles has done fairly well in adhering to the principles of free and fair elections. Since 1993, it has conducted five multiparty presidential and legislative elections. Observers have consistently praised its elections for being generally credible, transparent, peaceful, free, and fair.

However, in the last elections (2015/2016), the Seychellois Electoral Commission faced criticism for being inconsistent in enforcing its mandate. There were allegations of attempted vote buying, lack of efficiency in the electoral system, and limited civic education on voter registration and other voting procedures.

Read more: Constitutional Court ruling heralds changes to South Africa's electoral system

There were also concerns about definitions of the terms votes cast, valid votes cast and spoiled ballot paper. The lack of clarity muddied the results of the presidential election.

The election was one of the most closely fought presidential elections in Seychelles history. Only 193 votes separated the two leading candidates following a second round runoff.

James Michel won 50.15% of the vote and opposition leader, Ramkalawan, 49.85 percent. The closeness of the result, irregularities noted above, and Ramkalawans allegations of vote buying prompted a review of the countrys electoral framework. Michel later resigned and Faure took over.

In reviewing the framework, the commission consulted political parties and civil society. This was based on the African Unions suggestion for more transparency in the system. It presented its reforms recommendations in 2017.

Based on those recommendations the National Assembly approved 17 amendments to the Election Act in August 2020. The aim was to ensure a fair and just electoral process. A 2018 amendment had already established a permanent chief electoral officer to oversee the Electoral Commissions secretariat and its operations.

As the Seychellois people go to the ballot, it is worth mentioning that historically, the youth vote has not been actively sought. This is despite campaign promises to include young people in matters of governance. The youth are considered to be the most important and dynamic segment of the population. They are becoming an increasingly influential demographic. Yet, they have shown relatively little interest in exercising their right to vote, and should be encouraged to do so.

Also, women are not as active in the countrys politics as they could be. Womens representation in the Seychellois parliament dropped from 43.75% in 2011 to 21% in 2019. This is below the 23% world average. Moreover, in the history of the Seychelles, only one woman Alexia Amesbury has contested a presidential election.

Amesbury is a well-known Seychellois lawyer, politician and human rights activist who has since been elected to the African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights. The absence of women representation is a worrying trend because it means less participation across all levels of decision-making. This has dire consequences for attempts to achieve equality and sustainable development for everyone.

There needs to be more discussion on longstanding traditional beliefs about the role of women in leadership. Despite the Seychelles general appearance as a matrifocal society, when it comes to political leadership, women are often perceived as having been promoted through the benevolence of a male presidency.

Read more: Nigeria: why having fewer political parties isn't enough

Away from the limited representation of women and the youth, there is nothing to suggest that the coming elections will not be free and fair. What remains to be seen is how the virtual election observation will play out in upholding the credibility of the process.

Nevertheless, even with the above points of contention, the electoral management body appears to be playing its role fairly well. And the amendments to the electoral laws are an indication that the Seychellois government is intent on upholding the principles of electoral procedure and practice that it has committed to.

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Seychelles is likely to maintain its record of free and fair elections in upcoming polls - The Conversation CA

American Neurological Association’s First-Ever All-Virtual, Interactive Meeting Attracts Record Attendance from 47 Countries With Special Focus on…

Newswise The 145th Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association, its first-ever virtual, interactive event, was attended by 1,421 members and guests from 46 countries and the U.S.A., a greater number than attended any Meeting in recent years. The five-day program which ran from October 4, 2020 through October 9, 2020, featured 67 sessions, with a strong focus on the ground-breaking science being conducted by the Associations early-career members.

This year, we added four Emerging Scholar sessions and highlighted the work of our junior and early career members with the Derek Denny-Brown Young Neurological Scholars symposium, explained ANA2020 Meeting Chair Conrad Chris Weihl, MD, PhD. These symposia were very well-received and well-attended, reflecting the excitement in the research community for this work.

In addition, the Meeting showcased an extensive number of poster abstract submissions, all of which demonstrated that extraordinary work is taking place at all career levels across all subspecialties, and reaffirming that ANA is committed to fostering and advancing academic neurology and neuroscience, Weihl noted.

The Meeting featured 18 Special Interest Group (SIG) Networking sessions this year, which provided an opportunity for members at all career levels to benefit from an exchange of ideas and exploration of the newest science in their respective fields. Also new this year was a Social Justice Symposium, which took place the day before the official start of the meeting, and featured an in-depth exploration of such topics as the impact of social determinants of health, adverse health outcomes for people of color, and health-care policy. In addition, participants participated in interactive breakout sessions designed to develop actionable steps to address inequity within academic neurology and neuroscience.

Members responded enthusiastically to the virtual, interactive format, commenting on the opportunities for networking that were still core to ANAs strong tradition of fostering relationships within the neuroscience and neurology research and educational communities. As an assistant professor, I look to ANA for opportunities for mentorship and networking that can help advance my career, and I wasnt sure this could be accomplished in a virtual setting, said Elizabeth Silbermann, MD But there were a surprising number of virtual sessions that allowed us to gather and discuss the topics we would be exploring in a live meeting setting. It was a great experience, and I ended the Meeting with a number of professional contacts Im excited to reach out to again.

Following the Annual Meeting, ANA announced the recipients of the Poster Awards, and the Emerging Scholar Awards.

ABOUT THE ANA

The American Neurological Association is a professional society of academic neurologists and neuroscientists devoted to advancing the goals of academic neurology; to training and educating neurologists and other physicians in the neurologic sciences; and to expanding both our understanding of diseases of the nervous system and our ability to treat them.

For more information, visit http://www.myana.org or follow @TheNewANA1 on Twitter, @AmericanNeurologicalAssociation on Facebook, or @ananeurology on Instagram.

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American Neurological Association's First-Ever All-Virtual, Interactive Meeting Attracts Record Attendance from 47 Countries With Special Focus on...

COVID-19 Pandemic and Neurological Disease: A Critical Review of the Existing Literature – DocWire News

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Hosp Pract Res. 2020 Summer;5(3):81-86.

ABSTRACT

Most of what we know about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited to what we know about severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19s epidemiology, fatality, and acute care. However, infection with COVID-19 may also involve the central nervous system (CNS), which may or may not be due to a multi-organ injury. Our aim in this paper is to briefly summarize the main aspects of the growing literature on neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 infection. As such, after mentioning some general background on the economic and medical implications of the pandemic on individuals, the healthcare system, and the society, we summarize some common aspects of the published literature on neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 infection. We also highlight the existing gaps in the literature, which requires additional work. The most common neurological manifestation of COVID-19 infection is an olfactory deficit. However, it is still unknown if it is inflammatory or degenerative in nature. Still, the incidence of neurological complications, and also their mechanisms and treatments are unknown. This literature is predominantly composed of opinions and reviews rather than original articles, so the patients data are not used for a majority of the studies. Multi-center studies that not only conduct chest CT or MRI but also brain CT or MRI are needed. Randomized trials are still required on the management of acute and chronic neurological conditions due to COVID-19 infection. Cohort studies may also determine the natural history of the conditions and factors that are prognostic. Furthermore, while disparities in COVID-19 infections are known, inequalities in neurological manifestations are unknown. Besides this, the efficacy of specific treatments on CNS involvement is still unknown. We will discuss the health care needs of patients with chronic neurological conditions. We Included a few recommendations for practice and further research at the end of this paper.

PMID:33094214 | PMC:PMC7577209

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COVID-19 Pandemic and Neurological Disease: A Critical Review of the Existing Literature - DocWire News