What Is the "War on Drugs?"
The "War on Drugs" is a general term used to refer to the federal government's attempts to end the import, manufacture, sale, and use of illegal drugs. It's a colloquial term that does not refer in any meaningful way to a specific policy or objective, but rather to a series of anti-drug initiatives that are vaguely directed towards the common goal of ending drug abuse.
President Dwight D. Eisenhower began what The New York Times then called "a new war on narcotic addiction at the local, national, and international level" with the establishment of an Interdepartmental Committee on Narcotics on November 27, 1954, which was responsible for coordinating executive branch anti-drug efforts. The phrase "War on Drugs" first came into common use after President Richard Nixon used it at a press conference on June 17, 1971, during which he described illegal drugs as "public enemy number one in the United States."
1914: The Harrison Narcotics Tax Act regulates the distribution of narcotics (heroin and other opiates). Federal law enforcement will later incorrectly classify cocaine, a central nervous system stimulant, as a "narcotic" and regulate it under the same legislation.1937: The Marijuana Tax Act extends federal restrictions to cover marijuana.1954: The Eisenhower administration takes a significant, albeit largely symbolic, step in establishing a U.S. Interdepartmental Committee on Narcotics.1970: The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 establishes federal anti-drug policy as we know it.
According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 55% of federal prisoners and 21% of state-level prisoners are incarcerated on the basis of drug-related offenses. This means that over a half million people are presently incarcerated as a result of anti-drug lawsmore than the population of Wyoming. The illegal drug trade also sustains gang activity, and is indirectly responsible for an unknown number of homicides. (The FBI's Uniform Crime Reports describe 4% of homicides as being directly attributable to the illegal drug trade, but it plays an indirect role in a much larger percentage of homicides.)
According to the White House's National Drug Control Strategy Budgets, as cited in Action America's Drug War Cost Clock, the federal government alone is projected to spend over $22 billion on the War on Drugs in 2009. State spending totals are harder to isolate, but Action America cites a 1998 Columbia University study which found that states spent over $30 billion on drug law enforcement during that year.
The federal government's authority to prosecute drug-related offenses theoretically stems from Article I's Commerce Clause, which grants Congress the authority to "regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes"but federal law enforcement targets drug offenders even when the illegal substance is manufactured and distributed only within state lines.
According to an October 2008 Zogby poll of likely voters, 76% describe the War on Drugs as a failure. In 2009, the Obama administration announced that it would no longer use the phrase "War on Drugs" to refer to federal anti-drug efforts, the first administration in 40 years not to do so.
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Key Facts About the War on Drugs - ThoughtCo
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- Palma: Church leaders will continue to oppose bloody war on drugs ... - Inquirer.net - February 9th, 2017 [February 9th, 2017]
- In Trump's 'ruthless' vow, experts see a return to the days of the drug war - Washington Post - February 10th, 2017 [February 10th, 2017]
- DERMODY: War on Drugs requires more than 'quick-fix' - RU Daily Targum - February 10th, 2017 [February 10th, 2017]
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- Mexico Should Ask Trump to Pay For The Drug War - AlterNet - February 11th, 2017 [February 11th, 2017]
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- President Duterte Changes and Defends Philippine Drug War - Voice of America - February 12th, 2017 [February 12th, 2017]
- War on drugs has left us with a latticework of crime - The Boston Globe - February 12th, 2017 [February 12th, 2017]
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- Unnecessary fighting south of the border: Mexico should ask Trump to pay for the drug war - Salon - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
- Trump Goes Full Nixon on Law-and-Order Executive Orders, Vows 'Ruthless' War on Drugs and Crime - AlterNet - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
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- President Trump Signs Executive Order Ramping Up The War On ... - TheFix.com - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
- Sh170m heroin recovered in war on drugs at Coast - The Standard (press release) - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
- Duterte militarises the war on drugs in the Philippines - World Socialist Web Site - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
- After war on drugs, it's 'war vs illegal gambling' for PNP - Rappler - February 14th, 2017 [February 14th, 2017]
- President Trump Just Renewed the War on Drugs - MERRY JANE - MERRY JANE - February 14th, 2017 [February 14th, 2017]
- Duterte targets Philippine children in bid to widen drug war - Reuters - February 15th, 2017 [February 15th, 2017]
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- Scott Pendleton: Civil forfeiture is an important tool in fighting the war on drugs - Tulsa World - February 15th, 2017 [February 15th, 2017]
- Donald Trump Vows 'Ruthless' War on Drugs and Crime - The Daily Chronic - February 15th, 2017 [February 15th, 2017]
- Simonson: The war on drugs - La Crosse Tribune - February 15th, 2017 [February 15th, 2017]
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- Trump goes full Nixon on law-and-order, vows ruthless war on drugs and crime - Salon - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- Go whole hog in war on drug lords - The Standard (press release) - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
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- A man of God in the Philippines is helping document a bloody war on drugs - Columbia Journalism Review - February 18th, 2017 [February 18th, 2017]
- Reckoning with the Addict and the U.S. War on Drugs - OUPblog (blog) - February 18th, 2017 [February 18th, 2017]
- Duterte calls for stronger AFP support in war on drugs, terror - Inquirer.net - February 18th, 2017 [February 18th, 2017]
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- Philippine's Rodrigo Duterte urged to drop charges against leading war on drugs critic - Telegraph.co.uk - February 20th, 2017 [February 20th, 2017]
- HRW on war on drugs: PH needs 'international intervention' - Rappler - February 20th, 2017 [February 20th, 2017]
- Napolcom: Police need to regroup, rethink role in war on drugs - Inquirer.net - February 20th, 2017 [February 20th, 2017]
- Study: Mexican Military Should Not Have Intervened In Country's ... - Fronteras: The Changing America Desk - February 21st, 2017 [February 21st, 2017]
- The 'War On Drugs' Has Been A Deadly Failure - Huffington Post Australia - February 21st, 2017 [February 21st, 2017]
- Senator fighting Philippine president's war on drugs charged without 'iota of evidence,' lawyer says - CBC.ca - February 21st, 2017 [February 21st, 2017]
- Thousands of Filipino Catholics march against death penalty, war on drugs - Reuters - February 22nd, 2017 [February 22nd, 2017]
- Our Aggressive "War on Drugs" Is Not Actually About Drugs - AlterNet - February 22nd, 2017 [February 22nd, 2017]
- War on drugs: a failing battle against suffering - The Suffolk Journal - February 23rd, 2017 [February 23rd, 2017]
- Shots fired in war on drugs - Commonwealth Journal's History - February 23rd, 2017 [February 23rd, 2017]
- Ureport: WAR ON DRUGS NOT ABOUT PERSONAL FIGHTS - The ... - The Standard (press release) - February 23rd, 2017 [February 23rd, 2017]
- Philippines to defend Duterte's drug war at UN rights body - Reuters - February 24th, 2017 [February 24th, 2017]
- Hidden victims of war on drugs - The Phnom Penh Post - February 24th, 2017 [February 24th, 2017]
- Palace: Arrest order vs De Lima a 'fulfillment' of war on drugs - Inquirer.net - February 24th, 2017 [February 24th, 2017]
- Trump administration signals new war on drugs, crackdown on marijuana use - ThinkProgress - February 24th, 2017 [February 24th, 2017]
- Opponent of Duterte's drugs war arrested in Philippines on drug charges - Reuters - February 24th, 2017 [February 24th, 2017]
- Philippine citizens protest Duterte's drug war on anniversary of dictatorship overthrow - Deutsche Welle - February 25th, 2017 [February 25th, 2017]
- How Rodrigo Duterte's War On Drugs Looks In Colombia - Worldcrunch - February 25th, 2017 [February 25th, 2017]
- Dela Rosa hopes PNP can focus on drug war anew - Banat - February 27th, 2017 [February 27th, 2017]
- Philippine police say ready to return to war on drugs as dealers return - Reuters - February 27th, 2017 [February 27th, 2017]
- Our View: White House plan reignites wasteful war on drugs - Kennebec Journal & Morning Sentinel - February 27th, 2017 [February 27th, 2017]
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- There's one last big-ticket item on Trump's agenda: A war on drugs - Raw Story - February 28th, 2017 [February 28th, 2017]
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- Duterte orders return of police to war on drugs - ABS-CBN News - February 28th, 2017 [February 28th, 2017]
- Yasay: Flak on war on drugs, De Lima arrest just 'partisan politics' - ABS-CBN News - February 28th, 2017 [February 28th, 2017]
- Duterte brings back police into war on drugs - Banat - February 28th, 2017 [February 28th, 2017]
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