People queue outside the Apple new flagship store at Sanlitun on July 17, 2020 in Beijing, China.

When it comes to brand value, its hard to topple Big Tech. On Forbes 2020 list of the 100 most valuable brands, the top five are the same as last year: Apple, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and Facebook. And while the first four have maintained or increased their pace of growth, Facebook has fallen. In fact, the social networks brand value declined by 21% between fiscal-year 2018 and fiscal-year 2019.

Several brands had notable shifts in the annual rankings, which examines financial data from the previous fiscal year. Visa rose from 25th to 18th, Adidas went from 61st to 51th, and Netflix jumped from 38th to 26th. Some luxury brands also saw significant changes, with Chanel going from 79th to 52nd and Cartier from 64th to 56th.

This years list includes several newcomers: Nintendo, Hennessy, Burger King, and AXA are in the top 100. Meanwhile, some of the companies with the biggest losses were legacy tech companies like GE, HP Inc., and IBM, which saw total values decrease by 14%, 12%, and 10% respectively. Phillips, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, and Kelloggs were knocked off this year's rankings entirely.

Theres a stickiness to brand value thats pretty astounding when we think about it, said Christie Nordhielm, a marketing professor at Georgetown University. So at the same time that tech and the new brands are taking off, there is a stickiness to brandboth specific brands and corporate brands. And that ladders up to brand valuations, and sometimes that stickiness gives the false sense of security that can go badly. Just like everything were experiencing now, there is a lag effect.

Notably higher this year was Walmart. The retailers brand value increased 12% year-over-year to $29.5 billion while jumping in the ranks from 26th to 19th.

Walmart has been putting a lot of effort into modernizing their delivery and trying to compete, Nordhielm said. Theyre up against Amazon, and thats a tough competitor, but Walmart is not a shrinking violet. Theyre not going to go down quietly. In a sense, Amazon is helping Walmart and forcing them to raise their game.

There were also some big drops, especially in the auto sector. While Mercedes-Benz fell from 17th to 23rd and BMW dropped from 21st to 27th, Nissan has been knocked off the list entirelyfalling from 81st just a year prior. Other declines in rankings included Wells Fargo (42th to 69th) and and KFC (86th to 96th).

Forbes

Brand value often falls because companies have a hard time defending brand positioning, according to Tim Calkins, a marketing professor at Northwestern Universitys Kellogg School of Management. As a result, companies can struggle with competition, leading to declines that reflect the pressure put on them.

HP (Inc.) is a brand thats really struggled to define itself, Calkins said. The best brands are really well defined. And when you have a brand that loses its distinctive meaning it is almost always going to struggle in the market and then the valuations.

Older brands with newer competitors also saw losses in value and ranking. For example, Gillette continues to face mounting pressure from startups like Harryswhich was acquired last year for $1.4 billion by Edgewell Personal Care, parent company of Schickand Dollar Shave Club, which Unilever bought in 2016 for $1 billion.

Next years top 100 could look different than this years as the fallout from the Covid-19 crisis and economic downturn continue to affect both the largest and smallest companies around the world. But as for now, companies with big gains in 2019 like Amazon, Netflix, and PayPal also seem on track to be big winners during the pandemic when it comes to trends in e-commerce, streaming, and shifts in payments.

People have long said brands are going to fade away and arent so important now with the internet," Calkins said. "You dont need to rely on the brand and just read reviews. But what you see is brands remain incredibly important and incredibly strong. They create value in different ways now, but there is no doubt when you look at these companies that brands have real value for these companies.

Methodology

After assessing a universe of 200 global brands with a significant presence in the U.S., our first step in valuing each was to determine revenue and earnings before interest and taxes. We then averaged earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) over the past three fiscal years (2017 through 2019) and subtracted from earnings a charge of 8% of the brands capital employed, figuring the average brand should be able to earn at least 8% on this capital. Forbes also applied the corporate tax rate in the parent companys home country to the net earnings figure and then allocated a percentage of those earnings to the brand based on the role it plays in its industry. To this net brand earnings number, we applied the average price-to-earnings multiple over the past three years to arrive at the final brand value. For privately held outfits, we applied earnings multiples for comparable public companies.

Brands By The Numbers

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Apple, Microsoft And Other Tech Giants Top Forbes 2020 Most Valuable Brands List - Forbes