Shealy tells sister's story during domestic violence debate

COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) - As debate dragged into a second week on a bill to toughen sentences for convicted domestic abusers in South Carolina and take away their guns, state Sen. Katrina Shealy made the issue personal with the story of her sister who was abused for years by her husband before he finally shot himself to death.

"When you make it personal, people understand," said Shealy, who got her sister's permission over the weekend to tell her story. "I bet there are a lot of people out there who have similar stories."

Shealy, the state Senate's only woman, took the floor of the chamber Tuesday and for the first time publicly recounted the story of her sister's 30-year abusive marriage which ended when her brother-in-law killed himself on the hood of his wife's car just days after she left. He had written several suicide notes outlining different scenarios, including one with him walking to her job and killing her before turning the gun on himself, the Lexington Republican said.

The Senate adjourned again Tuesday without voting on the bill. More debate is expected Wednesday, and Senate Judiciary Chairman Larry Martin hopes the bill will come to a vote before the Senate leaves early Wednesday because of the threat of snow in the Upstate.

"I don't know why this has taken so long," said Martin, R-Pickens. "I know there are strong passions when someone thinks their Second Amendment rights are at stake."

The main sticking point is a provision that would prevent people convicted of domestic violence from owning a gun for 10 years. Several amendments watering down or eliminating the provision for certain convictions have slowed debate.

The bill also defines three degrees of domestic violence. Penalties would increase with the violence of the attack.

Shealy said her sister's abuse was well known in their family at the time. She occasionally came around with black eyes and missed family gatherings without a reason. Shealy and other relatives would buy her clothes, and her husband would cut them to ribbons if he thought she owned too many things.

"Why didn't she leave? She was scared of him," Shealy said. "He had threatened to kill her and her children."

Shealy's brother-in-law killed himself 16 years ago. But she said her sister and her adult children still struggle with low self-esteem from his blows and his words.

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Shealy tells sister's story during domestic violence debate

If you’re doubter, it’s probably because you don’t understand BitCoin – Video


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Stem cellrecruiting hydrogels based on self-assembling peptides for tissue regeneration

Figure 1. Stem CellRecruiting Hydrogels Based on Self-Assembling Peptides

The Materials for Biomaterials session Best Contribution Award presented by Steve Zinkle goes to Yongmee Jung, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, for the oral presentation Self-assembling peptide nanofiber coupled with neuropeptide substance P for stem cell recruitment.

As a winner of the above Materials Today Asia Contribution Award, Yongmee Jung and Soo Hyun Kim discuss their work with us.

Stem cellbased therapy in regenerative medicine may be one of the best approaches for wound healing and tissue regeneration. Many studies have shown that the trophic effects of transplanted stem cells enhance the treatment of lung, liver, and skin injuries, as well as myocardial infarction [1]. However, although stem cell transplantationincluding cell isolation and cell culture in vitroresults in a good prognosis, there are some limitations, such as high cost, invasiveness, the shortage of cell sources, and the risk of tumorigenesis [2]. To overcome these limitations, technologies for recruiting endogenous stem cells to the site of injury may provide another promising approach, mimicking in situ tissue regeneration by the bodys own wound healing process. Unlike cell-based therapies, this strategy does not need outside cell sources or in vitro cell manipulation. Host stem cells can be mobilized using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or stromal cellderived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1), each of which upregulates adhesion molecules and activates chemokine signaling [3]. It has been reported that substance P (SP), another candidate for recruitment of host stem cells, is an injury-inducible factor that acts early in the wound healing process to mobilize CD29+ stromal-like cells, and thus could be used for tissue regeneration [1].

To achieve effective delivery of SP for an extended period and improve the engraftment of recruited cells at the injured site, scaffolds can be constructed from hydrogels with microenvironments similar to the native tissue. Of particular interest are self-assembling peptide (SAP)based hydrogels, which are typically composed of alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids organized into 510 nm fibers and assembled into three-dimensional nanofibrous structures under in vivo conditions [4]. The resulting structure resembles nanostructured environments such as collagen hierarchical structures that promote adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of cells. Furthermore, SAP is versatile enough to incorporate specific motifs based on the desired function with chemical coupling by peptide bond [5].

Recently, we designed bioactive peptide hydrogels that are able to recruit mesenchymal stem cells by coupling SAP to SP. The mixture of SAP and SP-coupled SAP can successfully maintain its nanofibrous structure and be assembled into a 3D scaffold at physiological conditions.

We confirmed the ability of this SP-coupled SAP to attract stem cells both by in vitro cell migration assay and by in vivo real-time cell tracking assay. In vitro, many cells migrated through the 8-m membrane pores and settled onto the lower surfaces of Transwell plates under the influence of SP-coupled SAP. In vivo, we injected the hydrogels into the subcutaneous tissue in nude mice and injected labeled human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into the tail vein. The migration of the injected cells was tracked in real time using a multispectral imaging system, which demonstrated that the labeled hMSCs supplied via intravenous injection were recruited to the hydrogel-injected site (Figure) [6]. We then applied our bioactive peptide hydrogels, SAP coupled with SP, to several disease models to evaluate their stem cell recruitment abilities and treatment effects on injured tissues. We have studied the effects of these hydrogels on animal models of ischemic hind limb, calvarial defect, myocardial infarction, osteoarthritis, and skin wounds. We observed in each case that in the group treated with SP-coupled peptide hydrogels, many MSCs were recruited to the injured sites, and cell apoptosis and fibrosis of injured tissues were both conspicuously decreased. Moreover, the regeneration of site-specific tissues was enhanced with the injection of stem cellrecruiting peptide hydrogels in various defect models, and tissue functions were accordingly improved without cell transplantation [2, 5, 6]. In conclusion, we have developed injectable bioactive peptides that can recruit MSCs and have evaluated their therapeutic potential on animal defect models. By applying these peptide hydrogels, we were able to deliver SP over an extended period and provide 3D microenvironments to injured regions, allowing bioactive peptides to recruit MSCs successfully, prevent cell apoptosis, and promote tissue regeneration leading to a full recovery of defects. We expect that stem cellrecruiting hydrogels based on SAP could be one of the most powerful tools for tissue regeneration without cell transplantation through the recruitment of endogenous stem cells.

This work was supported by the KIST Institutional Program

1. H. S. Hong, et al., Nat. Med., 15 (2009), pp. 425435 2. J. H. Kim, et al., Biomaterials, 34 (2013), pp. 16571668 3. T. Lapidot, I. Petit, Exp. Hematol., 30 (2002), pp. 973981 4. S. Zhang, et al., Semin. Cancer Biol., 15 (5) (2005), pp. 413420 5. J. E. Kim, et al., Int. J. Nanomedicine, 9 (Suppl 1) (2014), pp. 141157 6. S. H. Kim, et al., Tissue Eng. Part A, E-Pub (2014)

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Stem cellrecruiting hydrogels based on self-assembling peptides for tissue regeneration

Kyoto University Hospital to open iPS cell therapy center in 2019

Kyoto University Hospital says it will open a center to conduct clinical studies on induced pluripotent stem cell therapies in 2019 year.

Officials said the 30-bed ward will test the efficacy and safety of the therapies on volunteer patients.

The hospital aims to break ground at the site next February and complete construction by September 2019.

As an iPS cell research hub, we hope to apply (the cells) to groundbreaking therapies and make developments in the field of drug discovery, the hospital said in a statement Monday.

Ongoing research on iPS cells at Kyoto University includes turning the cells into dopamine-releasing neurons for transplant into patients with Parkinsons disease, and creating a formulation of platelets that helps blood to clot.

Professor Shinya Yamanaka, who shared the 2012 Nobel Prize in medicine, leads the existing iPS cell research center at Kyoto University.

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Kyoto University Hospital to open iPS cell therapy center in 2019

Why This Buddhist Monk Mummified Himself Centuries Ago

The Buddhist tradition is full of visual representations and sculptures of the religion's titular deity. But a statue hundreds of years old, recently analyzed in Europe, is a rarity: A full mummy of a meditating monk resides inside of it.

Researchers at Norway's Meander Medical Center found the preserved body of a Buddhist master who likely died around the year 1100, believed to be named Liuquan, in a statue that had been exhibited last year at the Drents Museum in Netherlands.

Scientists had known the statue contained a mummy, but even so, the CT scans of the statue reveal unprecedented information about an extreme form of meditation.

Drents Museum

PHOTO: A mummy was discovered inside a statue of Buddha.

Its display at the Drents Museum marked the first time the statue had been outside of China, reported Discover Magazine, and following the close of the exhibit the statue was taken to the Meander Medical Center in Amersfoort, Netherlands for CT scans.

The practice might sound like a grim effort to take one's life, but that wasn't its intent: Self-mummification was only for the most devoted of religious monks, and the practice was seen as a path to enlightenment or an advanced spiritual state.

The imaging confirmed the existence of Liquan's mummy. The monk, believed to be a member of the Chinese Meditation School, had practiced self-mummification, considered by certain Buddhists to be the highest form of religious enlightenment.

The process involved first a rigorous, year-long diet of water nuts, berries and other similar foods, abstaining completely from grains and more substantial food, reports c|net. Afterward, the monk would be sealed inside the statue, fed a tea made from a toxic lacquer tree, given a tube used for food and air, and a bell to indicate that the monk was still alive.

When the bell stopped ringing, the monk would be sealed in a tomb for three more years, and when reopened, a deceased monk found intact would be said to have reached true enlightenment; those who decomposed would have been considered to fall short of their goal, though their attempts were still honored. Some successful "living Buddhas" would have shrines built in their honor, according to a study of the practice by iO9.

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Why This Buddhist Monk Mummified Himself Centuries Ago

How astronauts exercise on the ISS

February 24, 2015

Catherine (Cady) Coleman, Expedition 26 flight engineer, performs calibrations on the VO2max Portable Pulmonary Function System (PPFS). The PPFS is located next to the Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation System (CEVIS) so astronauts can measure their oxygen consumption while riding the CEVIS. (Credit: NASA)

Provided by Laura Niles, NASA/Johnson Space Center

In February, our attention turns to romantic matters of the heart. As American Heart Month, this month is also a time to focus on heart health and a perfect excuse to start working out to improve your physical fitness. Astronauts on the International Space Station are working to keep their hearts healthy too, and at the same time they are generating data to advance knowledge of health and fitness in space and on Earth.

Astronauts exercise regularly while in space to maintain muscle, bone, and cardiovascular health and fitness and to remain fit and strong enough to perform physically demanding tasks such as extravehicular activity. Scientists have frequently measured the effectiveness of that exercise during short spaceflights.

Now, researchers have assessed exercise on longer spaceflights with the help of astronauts on the space station, measuring their VO2 peak before, during and after missions of four to five months.

[STORY: ISS adding more spaceship parking]

Widely accepted as the best measure of cardiovascular fitness, VO2peak, also called VO2max, is a measure of peak oxygen uptake. That represents the highest amount of oxygen your body can use to produce energy during exercise. Oxygen is used by cells to provide the energy to perform work and a more aerobically fit persons cells take up and use more oxygen, explains Meghan Downs, senior researcher at NASAs Exercise Physiology Laboratory.

VO2peak is measured using a bicycle test, with astronauts starting at low intensity and gradually increasing pedaling resistance over a short period of time until they could no longer pedal the bike. The tests were performed three months before launch to the space station; after approximately 15 days in space; every 30 days throughout flight; and one, 10 and 30 days following return to Earth.

According to the results, published in the Journal of Applied Physiology, VO2peak decreased by an average of 17 percent by day 15 in space, but then gradually increased during flight. Most astronauts never recovered their preflight V02peak levels during the mission, but a few were able to maintain or even improve VO2peak during flight with frequent bouts of high intensity exercise.

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How astronauts exercise on the ISS

Moon Space Law: Legal Debate Swirls Around Private Lunar Ventures

A recent action by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration is stirring up some moon dust in a legal debate about private companies setting up shop on the moon.

In late 2014, the FAA's Office of the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation (AST) responded favorably to a Bigelow Aerospace's "payload review" request. This query related to commercial development of the moon. Some view the verdict as a necessary step toward creating a legal framework for businesses to set up shop on the moon. But it's also clear more legal conversations are in the offing.

Without a legal framework, proponents of lunar business say that investors won't develop the financial and technical wherewithal to build industry on the moon. There's need for assurance from the United States government that private-sector activities will be approved and protected when they aim for the moon. [Bigelow Aerospace's Inflatable Space Station Idea (Photos)]

The FAA/AST decision also involved other federal agencies, including NASA, the Department of State and the Department of Defense. Bigelow Aerospace was assured that the AST would use its launch-licensing authority, as best it can, to protect private sector assets on the moon. The intent is to provide a safe environment for U.S. firms to conduct peaceful commercial activities on the moonwithout fear of harmful interference from other AST licensees.

"This response is a modest yet important initial step toward creating an environment that will encourage both today's and tomorrow's entrepreneurs to focus their resources on the moon," said Mike Gold, Director of Washington, D.C., operations and business growth for Bigelow Aerospace, LLC.

Bigelow Aerospace is keen on deploying, testing and utilizing the firm's expandable habitats in low Earth orbit before landing them on the moon, Gold told Space.com.

"Decisions such as the AST's payload review response help to encourage continued investment by Bigelow Aerospace in lunar development, and while a great deal of work remains to be done, we believe that a private sector lunar settlement could be established much more quickly and affordably than most would suspect," Gold said.

The FAA/AST action creates a number of issues that need addressing, said Michael Listner, the founder and principal of the firm Space Law and Policy Solutions, based in New Hampshire.

"Based on what I've read in media reports, it appears that while the FAA has taken steps to support Bigelow's future establishment of lunar modules on the moon, it also recognizes that Title 51, Chapter 509 (Commercial Space Launch Act) as currently amended limits their ability to fully endorse those plans through the grant of a launch license," Listner said.

Listner said the path forward is two-fold:

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Moon Space Law: Legal Debate Swirls Around Private Lunar Ventures

Prepared Statement of Michael J. Massimino U.S. Human Exploration Goals and Commerce Space Competitiveness

Prepared Statement of Michael J. Massimino, Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering Professor, Columbia University, and Former NASA Astronaut.

Mr. Chairman and members of the Subcommittee, thank you for this opportunity to appear before you to discuss the accomplishments of Americas space program during my missions and my perspective on our nations current goals and priorities for the future of human space flight and space exploration. Being asked to testify for this committee is an honor, and I am privileged to share my experiences and opinions here with you today.

I became an astronaut in 1996 and have been fortunate to fly on two space shuttle missions: STS-109 in March of 2002 and STS-125 in May of 2009. Both of my flights were Hubble Space Telescope servicing missions. The Hubble servicing missions are vital examples of how human spaceflight can contribute to ground-breaking research being done by scientists on Earth. Based upon my experience, I believe NASAs joint focus on innovation in scientific research and its commitment to human spaceflight continues to be a worthwhile goal for our space agency. More than that, it is an noble endeavor for us as a nation and as custodians of this incredible planet we call home.

NASA has made great headlines in recent years, most notably by landing a rover on Mars, but amazing as that achievement is, putting human beings in orbit remains the single most important element of successful space exploration. My first mission set a team record of spacewalking time on a single space shuttle mission. My second mission broke that record. During each spacewalk, having an astronaut on the scene was what saved the day. For example, on one of my spacewalks I was required to improvise a solution no robot or rover could have possibly done: manually pulling off a handle that was held fast onto the telescope with a stripped fastener. This was the only way to complete the repair of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, a scientific instrument that can, among other capabilities, analyze the

atmospheres of planets in other solar systems in order to establish the possibility of finding other places in the universe capable of sustaining life.

The efforts of the human spaceflight program during my missions, in partnership with NASAs on-going ground control operations and scientific research programs, have allowed the Hubble Space Telescope Program to increase our understanding of the universe. Our servicing missions have enabled scientists from around the world to make major discoveries, including dark matter, dark energy, black holes, and the existence of planets in other solar systems. In addition to these great scientific advances, through Hubbles iconic images we have also brought the incredible beauty of the universe to the citizens of the world.

NASA has also in recent years accomplished much in terms of building and expanding international partnerships, an endeavor that I believe should continue with our nations leadership. While an astronaut from 1996 to 2014, I had the opportunity to contribute to the planning, building, and establishment of scientific operations of the International Space Station (ISS). Among the many achievements of the ISS is bringing different countries together toward a common goal. Through the ISS and its work, the United States, Russia, member countries of the European Space Agency, Canada, and Japan work together as partners on international space projects and research. We live in this world together, and working in unison to study it can only help us all. The friendships, alliances, and accomplishments of the ISS have shown that, given common scientific and exploration goals, countries can accomplish great things together.

As a Professor at Columbia University and the Senior Advisor for Space Programs at the Intrepid Sea, Air, and Space Museum in New York City, I have seen first hand how the space program can inspire students to pursue degrees and work in STEM fields. I have seen how space travel inspires them to dream of accomplishing great things in life. Just as I was

inspired as a small boy by my astronaut heroes in the Apollo program, todays students are inspired by NASAs accomplishments. They are excited about the opportunities that NASA and commercial space companies have waiting for them when they complete their education. I have not found any other engineering or science endeavor that can inspire students to study in the STEM fields the way that our nations space program can.

When I speak to my students about their interest in space-related STEM careers, there is a major opportunity open to them now that was not readily available when I was a college student over 30 years ago. The commercial space opportunities created by partnerships with NASA are very appealing to young people. There is still great interest in working for NASA and its contractors, but many students see themselves as future space entrepreneurs. Thanks to developments from NASA, many highly successful entrepreneurs see space as the next frontier for economic success in the private sector. I think we will continue to see major success stories in commercial space enterprise, and they will play a major role in inspiring young people to pursue STEM careers while also providing economic benefits for our country.

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Prepared Statement of Michael J. Massimino U.S. Human Exploration Goals and Commerce Space Competitiveness

Orion test flight yields critical data for next mission

NASA's Orion spacecraft continues on the agency's journey to Mars as engineers analyze data from the spacecraft's December flight test and make progress developing and building the spacecraft for its first mission atop NASA Space Launch System (SLS) heavy-lift rocket. On future missions, Orion will send astronauts to an asteroid and onward toward the Red Planet.

At machine houses across the country, elements of the primary structure for the next Orion to fly in space are coming together. Avionics components are being built and simulators for the ESA (European Space Agency)-built service module that will house the spacecraft's propulsion and solar arrays are being delivered. By the end of the year, engineers hope to have the primary structure for Orion's next mission to NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida for processing.

Meanwhile, every piece of data and each element of the spacecraft flown in the December test is being analyzed and compared to pre-flight models to improve Orion's design.

"Orion's flight test was a big success and what we learned is informing how we design, develop and build future Orions that will help us pioneer deep space destinations," said Mark Geyer, NASA's Orion Program manager.

"Taking a look at all the flight test data is a huge part of the development process and a key part off in why we flew a test flight. We have critical work happening this year, both on the data analysis and development side, to keep us moving toward our first mission with SLS."

Engineers and technicians at Kennedy, where Orion was assembled and returned after its flight test, recently took off the back shell and heat shield that protected Orion during its reentry to Earth's atmosphere, to unload unused propellants and allow for a close-up analysis of the spacecraft's systems.

One of the main objectives of Orion's flight, which sent the vehicle 3,600 miles into space during a two-orbit, 4.5-hour test, was to test how the spacecraft would fare returning to Earth at high speeds and temperatures.

"The heat shield looks in great shape," said Michael Hawes, Orion Program manager for Lockheed Martin, NASA's prime contractor for the spacecraft.

"The char on the shield is consistent. If you look at it now, you'd see a few big holes because we've taken core samples. We've also done a total laser scan of the surface of the heat shield. That'll give us a very detailed engineering base of knowledge of what the heat shield did."

In March, the heat shield will be shipped to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, where the ablative material on the heat shield will be taken off.

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Orion test flight yields critical data for next mission

Red Sox icon David Ortiz 'a full go' for camp

FORT MYERS, Fla. David Ortiz arrived here on Tuesday as scheduled, not there was ever any doubt about that. He has never been Manny Ramirez, seeing how much he could get away with just for the fun of it. He has never been Roger Clemens, seeing how long the Red Sox could look at his vacant locker before making another unscheduled bank withdrawal.

Everybodys definition of what makes a player a Hall of Famer is different, but Ortiz fits almost every one of them, especially the intangible ones. At some point in his Red Sox career, perhaps after his incomparable offensive performance in the 2013 postseason, he crossed the invisible line to iconic.

As was seen on Tuesday, Ortiz no longer simply makes appearances. There are now Ortiz sightings, fans whispering, I think thats Big Papi to whoever is close by. As word got around the JetBlue Park fields that Ortiz was in the batting cages, a crowd gathered there just to catch a hurried glimpse of him.

When he moved from the cages to Field One, towel over his head, many in the crowd went with him keeping a respectful distance and when word got around that Ortiz would be taking swings in public, it was as if the Red Sox had posted a free clam rolls sign over that way, what with all the scurrying to get a closer look.

Ortiz didnt answer questions about how he feels with one of those, Im in the best shape of my career responses, since he didnt answer questions, period. His prefab press conference is scheduled for today.

John Farrell didnt exactly say that Ortiz was in the best shape of his career, but came close with, He looks like hes in great shape. Hes a full go.

Ortiz is the second-oldest player on the Red Sox roster at 39 and will not turn 40 until Nov. 18. That makes him about seven months younger than Koji Uehara, and it may also say something about the Sox that their best reliever and best hitter are the oldest players on the roster.

Ortiz was born two years after the American League adopted the designated hitter, and the time has passed where Edgar Martinez can be compared with Ortiz as the best ever, if only because his playoff performances dont match up.

Martinez was a solid DH until he retired in 2004 at age 41, batting .263 with 12 homers and 63 RBIs. A year earlier, Martinez batted .294 with 24 home runs and 98 RBIs.

Last year, Ortiz had his best season since 2006 with 35 home runs and 104 RBIs. He heads into this year with 466 career home runs and an identical performance would put him over 500.

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Red Sox icon David Ortiz 'a full go' for camp