Ayurveda – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Ayurveda (Sanskrit: yurveda , "life-knowledge"; English pronunciation //[1]) or Ayurvedic medicine is a system of Hindu traditional medicine[2] native to the Indian subcontinent. Practices derived from Ayurvedic traditions are a type of alternative medicine.[3] Ayurveda is a discipline of the upaveda or "auxiliary knowledge" in Vedic tradition. The origins of Ayurveda are also found in the Atharvaveda,[4][5] which contains 114 hymns and incantations described as magical cures for disease. There are also various legendary accounts of the origin of Ayurveda, e.g., that it was received by Dhanvantari (or Divodasa) from Brahma.[6][7][8] Ayurvedic practices include the use of herbal medicines, mineral or metal supplementation (rasa shastra), surgical techniques, opium, and application of oil by massages.

Originated in prehistoric times,[9] some of the concepts of Ayurveda have been discovered since the times of Indus Valley Civilization and earlier.[10] Ayurveda significantly developed during the Vedic period and later some of the non-Vedic systems such as Buddhism and Jainism also incorporated in the system.[10][11] Balance is emphasized, and suppressing natural urges is considered unhealthy and claimed to lead to illness.[12] Ayurveda names three elemental substances, the doshas (called Vata, Pitta and Kapha), and states that a balance of the doshas results in health, while imbalance results in disease. Ayurveda has eight canonical components, which are derived from classical Sanskrit literature. Some of the oldest known Ayurvedic texts include the Surutha Sahit and Charaka Sahit, which are written in Sanskrit. Ayurvedic practitioners had developed various medicinal preparations and surgical procedures by the medieval period.[13]

Although laboratory experiments suggest it is possible that some substances in Ayurveda might be developed into effective treatments, there is no evidence that any are effective in themselves.[14] Concerns were raised when 20% of Ayurvedic U.S. and Indian-manufactured patent medicines sold through the Internet were found to contain toxic levels of heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and arsenic.[15][16]

The canonical components of Ayurveda are derived from classical Sanskrit literature, in which Ayurveda was called "the science of eight components" (Sanskrit aga ). The components are:[17][18][19][20][21][22]

The central ideas of Ayurveda are primarily derived from Vedic philosophy, although some concepts were later borrowed from similar non-Vedic systems such as Buddhism and Jainism.[11] Balance is emphasized, and suppressing natural urges is considered unhealthy and claimed to lead to illness.[12] For example, to suppress sneezing is said to potentially give rise to shoulder pain.[26] However, people are also cautioned to stay within the limits of reasonable balance and measure when following nature's urges.[12] For example, emphasis is placed on moderation of food intake,[27] sleep, and sexual intercourse.[12]

Ayurveda names seven basic tissues (dhatu), which are plasma (rasa), blood (rakta), muscles (mmsa), fat (meda), bone (asthi), marrow (majja), and semen (shukra). Like the medicine of classical antiquity, Ayurveda has historically divided bodily substances into five classical elements (Sanskrit [maha]panchabhuta, viz. earth, water, fire, air and ether.[6] There are also twenty gunas (qualities or characteristics) which are considered to be inherent in all substances. These are organized in ten pairs of antonyms: heavy/light, cold/hot, unctuous/dry, dull/sharp, stable/mobile, soft/hard, non-slimy/slimy, smooth/coarse, minute/gross, and viscous/liquid.[28]

Ayurveda also names three elemental substances, the doshas (called Vata, Pitta and Kapha), and states that a balance of the doshas results in health, while imbalance results in disease. One Ayurvedic view is that a the doshas are balanced when they are equal to each other, while another view is that each human possesses a unique combination of the doshas which define this person's temperament and characteristics. In either case, it says that each person should modulate their behavior or environment to increase or decrease the doshas and maintain their natural state.

Ayurvedic doctors regard physical existence, mental existence, and personality as a unit, with each element being able to influence the others.[clarification needed] This is a holistic approach used during diagnosis and therapy, and is a fundamental aspect of Ayurveda. Another part of Ayurvedic treatment says that there are channels (srotas) which transport fluids, and that the channels can be opened up by massage treatment using oils and Swedana (fomentation). Unhealthy channels are thought to cause disease.[29]

Ayurveda has eight ways to diagnose illness, called Nadi (pulse), Mootra (urine), Mala (stool), Jihva (tongue), Shabda (speech), Sparsha (touch), Druk (vision), and Aakruti (appearance).[30] Ayurvedic practitioners approach diagnosis by using the five senses.[31] For example, hearing is used to observe the condition of breathing and speech.[6] The study of the lethal points or marman marma is of special importance.[28]

Two of the eight branches of classical Ayurveda deal with surgery (alya-cikits and lkya-tantra), but contemporary Ayurveda tends to emphasise attaining vitality by building a healthy metabolic system and maintaining good digestion and excretion.[28] Ayurveda also focuses on exercise, yoga, and meditation.[32] One type of prescription is a Sattvic diet.

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Ayurveda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Communication Experience – Honest Medical School Admission Guide #8 (2015) – Video

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Communication Experience - Honest Medical School Admission Guide #8 (2015)
Full Medical School Admission playlist in order: http://med.coursegrinder.com Examples of ways to show that you have developed communication skills on your medical school CV! ===== If you...

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Hobbies and Sports on CV – Honest Medical School Admission Guide #13 (2015) – Video

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Hobbies and Sports on CV - Honest Medical School Admission Guide #13 (2015)
Full Medical School Admission playlist in order: http://med.coursegrinder.com A look at the final section of your CV. This section may seem like the dump for anything that did not fall into...

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Hobbies and Sports on CV - Honest Medical School Admission Guide #13 (2015) - Video

Quantifying Harmony: The Matchmaking Algorithm That Pairs Residents With Hospitals, Students With Schools

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On March 20th, over 30,000 training physicians received the results of their residency applications.The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP), a non profit organization established by medical students in 1952, manages the process of matching applicants with training institutions. NRMP uses an algorithm that is based on the Nobel prize winning work of economists Dr. Lloyd Shapely and Dr. Alvin Roth.

This year was the largest Main Residency Match in history. Compared to last year, 651 more seniors took part in the Match; the growth is a result of rising medical school enrollment. There was also a 3% increase in the number of available positions: nearly 60% of the additional 600+ plus positions were in the primary care specialties of Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics.

Data provided by NRMP

The algorithm is suspectedto take just 17 seconds to spit out optimal results. Its origins date back to the 1960s when David Gale and Lloyd S. Shapley, distinguished mathematicians and economists, devised a matchmaking algorithm to create stable marriages. A stable marriage was defined as one in which neither spouse would rather be paired with someone else. The GaleShapley algorithm, a deferred acceptance algorithm, creates the best possible pairing after multiple rounds of matching.

A version of the Gale-Shapely algorithm is the basis of the Match and the NYC high school choice program. There are a number of other use cases outside these two examples including high school enrollment programs in Boston, Newark, Denver, and Detroit.

The NRMP algorithm has only been changed twice in the last 60 years. The first modification was made to accommodate two people who wanted to match as a couple in 1984, and the second tweak changed the algorithm from program proposing to applicant proposing. That is, the algorithm went from prioritizing the preferences of training hospitals to prioritizing the preferences of applicants.

Current CEO of NRMP, Mona Signer, told FORBES, One of the benefits to this whole process is that we dont change the algorithm. It is consistent, and that is important in terms of creating trust in our process. She added, We could run matches from prior years and get the same result. In fact, sometimes we do that to make sure that the software is functioning correctly.

Every year NRMP publishes an extensive amount of data surrounding the Match on its own website while also distributing the data to other publications. Signer says, All the data collected serves to report the aggregate statistics for the Match outcome and to help applicants and program directors maximize their chances in the Match. They produce a program director survey aimed at helping students learn what program directors are looking for, as well as an applicant survey for program directors to understand what applicants are looking for.

Signer warns that, even with all this information available, there is no way to game the system.

According to Signer, It is not that there is a shortage of positions that keeps U.S. students from matching. Its really more a matter of matching their own credentials to an appropriate specialty.

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Quantifying Harmony: The Matchmaking Algorithm That Pairs Residents With Hospitals, Students With Schools

Ukrainian doctors tour mid-valley

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LEBANON First-year medical student Vitaliy Natkha spoke Russian as he led five physicians from Uzhhorod, Ukraine, on atour of the College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Northwest.

Natkha, who is attending the COMP-Northwest medical school in Lebanon, speaks fluent Russian because he was born in Berdyansk, Ukraine.

"It's been great," Natkha said of last week's tour. "There's big differences in the systems they have."

Nathka was translating for a delegation of visiting Ukrainian doctors who came to the mid-valley as part of a sister-city relationship between Uzhhorod and Corvallis.

In addition to the Lebanon stop, the visitors also attended events at Oregon State University, Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Corvallis Family Medicine, The Corvallis Clinic and the state Capitol in Salem. They also squeezed in a sightseeing trip to the Oregon Coast.

Ukrainian physician Anzhela Dolgikh, who specializes in general practice and family medicine, said that the medical education system in the United States is different from learning medicine in Ukraine.

In Ukraine, students might study on the same cadavers for more than 20 years, she said. At COMP-Northwest, its anatomy lab brings in new donor patients every year.

"These cadavers are young," Dolgikh said after touring COMP-Norhwest's anatomy center.

Also, more technology is available, and students are allowed to practice on each other in the United States, shesaid. It's not legal for students to practice on each other in Ukraine.

Under the Ukrainian system, her medical education was comprised of lectures and exams, she said.

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Ukrainian doctors tour mid-valley

Young doctors lured to positions out west

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March 25, 2015, 4 a.m.

A rural medical school with increasingly coveted spots up for grabs has clinched the interest of aspiring doctors with the help of the lifestyles and facilities on offer at Dubbo.

RFDS Dubbo Base Manager Darren Schiller and RFDS pilot Captain James Brown demonstrating the features of the plane to the University of Sydney medical students.

University of Sydney student Kieran Muir volunteered to be on the stretcher, with RFDS Flight Nurse Keryn Bolte showing the group how a patient is loaded into the plane. Photo supplied.

RFDS Dubbo Base Manager Darren Schiller talking to the University of Sydney students about the planes and the important work the service provides. Photo supplied.

RFDS Dubbo Base manager Darren Schiller, University of Sydney medical students Astrid Gardiner, Katherine Moore, Jack Luxford, Caitlyn Swinney, RFDS flight nurse Keryn Bolte and RFDS pilot Captain James Brown. Photo supplied.

University of Sydney medical students during a discovery bus tour of the School of Rural Health campus at Dubbo.

University of Sydney School of Rural Health student liaison officer Kiffin Miller leads medical students Diana Cavaye, Jack Luxford, Rebecca Thompson, Jacob Campbell and Clare White on a tour of the Dubbo campus. Photo: FAYE WHEELER

A rural medical school with increasingly coveted spots up for grabs has clinched the interest of aspiring doctors with the help of the lifestyles and facilities on offer at Dubbo.

Jack Luxford and Clare White were new converts to studying in the regional city they saw as offering professional and personal advantages.

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Young doctors lured to positions out west

Senator Ted Cruz kicks off 2016 presidential campaign at Liberty University – Video

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Senator Ted Cruz kicks off 2016 presidential campaign at Liberty University
Sen. Ted Cruz opened the first major campaign of the 2016 presidential season Monday with a kickoff speech courting cultural conservatives and declaring that he will devote himself to "reigniting...

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Ted Cruz Announces Candidacy – Sen Declares At Liberty University – Special Report All Star Panel – Video

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