Worldwide demand growing for Alabama-made aerospace products – Made In Alabama

The aerospace industry as does the automotive industry values U.S.-made products because Federal Aviation Authority regulations ensure that they are airworthy. Not all countries have the quality that the U.S. and Alabama products do, Lockhart said.

Also, there is a large demand for civil aircraft around the world. With the continued demand for parts, we should see the upward trend of our exports continue as well, she added.

OVERSEAS SALES

The companys export sales account for about 60 percent of its revenue, and its products are especially popular among foreign militaries.

Theres a big market for upgrades to existing military aircraft, said Bill Dillard, Archangels director of sales and marketing. Foreign military is where were having the best play, with good size fleets that get upgrades, 40 or 50 aircraft at a time.

All of that activity also caught the eye of the U.S. military, he said, and the companys first Department of Defense installations are expected later this year.

Dillard added that Archangel has launched strategies that will expand its civilian profile in 2017 and 2018. But the military business will be strong for many years.

Archangels flagship product is a sensor set called the Air Data Attitude Heading Reference System, which measures key indicators pilots need to fly safely. All of the other products in the companys catalog are derivatives off that baseline.

In the past year or two, weve seen the most business in Brazil, the United Kingdom and Indonesia, and Canada is going to come on strong in the next 12 months as well, Dillard said. Down the road, well be targeting a lot of Europe. France is of high interest, as are Italy and Switzerland, and were also looking at business in India and Argentina.

Dillard said the states assistance in navigating trade regulations has been an important part of Archangels export success.

Were a small company and we dont have the staff to learn everything from scratch, he said.

State trade officials also have been helpful in setting up connections with other aerospace companies, while state-led trade missions provide more opportunities for networking and business leads.

And its not just leads in the aerospace market, said Dillard, who was part of Alabamas trade mission to Canada earlier this month. The trade missions also provide an opportunity to connect with people from other industries in the state.

Theres a lot of cross pollination on a trade mission, he said. Were talking to companies that dont do aviation at all, but were finding ways to do business.

TOP MARKETS

Alabamas top market for aerospace exports last year was United Arab Emirates, where there was a 244 percent increase from the previous year.

The U.S. Department of Commerces International Trade Administration says there is unlimited potential for U.S. companies across all aerospace subsectors to do business in UAE, which is in the midst of major growth on multiple fronts in aviation and space programs.

Rounding out the top five markets for Alabama aerospace exports were:

The main products shipped to these five markets were civilian aircraft, engines and parts, Lockhart said.

Overall Alabama exports rose to a record level in 2016, surpassing $20 billion for the first time. Key gains were seen in transportation equipment, chemicals and paper products.

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Worldwide demand growing for Alabama-made aerospace products - Made In Alabama

Inland Northwest aerospace group looks to elevate its profile – Spokane Journal of Business

Boasting a membership that extends from the Cascade Mountains to Bozeman, Mont., the Inland Northwest Aerospace Consortium says is stepping up its efforts to more actively engage its current members while seeking to recruit more.

Our total membership list is 300 to 400 different companies, but the more active membersthose more regularly engagedis around 100, says aerospace consortium Chairman Greg Konkol, who also is president of Liberty Lake-based AccraFab Inc., a precision sheet metal fabricator.

Through the years, the aerospace consortium has partnered with Idaho Aerospace Alliance, Pacific Northwest Aerospace Alliance, Spokane International Airport, Spokane County, the Port of Moses Lake, North Idaho College, and Spokane Community College.

The aerospace consortium, which doesnt have its own physical office space, was created by the former Spokane Area Economic Development Council in 2006. The nonprofits mission is to develop and promote collaboration between aerospace manufacturers and service providers across the Inland Northwest, says Staci Nelson, who has been the organizations executive coordinator for a year.

INWAC was then rolled under the GSI (Greater Spokane Incorporated) umbrella in 2013 and became an independent 501(c)6, Nelson says. Under the rules of a 501(c)6, all of the nonprofits earnings must be reinvested into the organization and cannot benefit individual members.

A 501(c)6 is more self-serving than a 501(c)3. Our revenue is coming solely from member organizations and not a broader community of private donors, she says.

Top membership level, called program integrator, costs $2,500 per year. Program integrators lead and participate directly in the organizations business development efforts, including sales and marketing meetings and events, such as aerospace trade shows.

Companies must have an active presence within the consortiums service area and must be AS9100 certified, which is a widely adopted quality management standard for the aerospace industry.

Manufacturer and service provider memberships are available to companies that are involved directly in the manufacturing and production of aerospace parts, systems, or components, or those that provide direct services to the aerospace industry such as coating and finishing.

The membership cost is $1,500 per year for companies with more than 50 employees and $1,000 for companies with fewer workers.

In an effort to draw more interest, the consortium two months ago created a $145 supporting membership class for companies, organizations, and individuals that promote or contribute to the aerospace sector here. Supporting members may attend the nonprofits meetings and events and serve on advisory boards, but dont participate in sales and marketing meetings and events.

Nelson says the organization entered 2017 with the goal of expanding awareness of aerospace manufacturing and services in the region.

At the direction of Konkol, and the consortiums six-member board, Nelson has been raising awareness in the Puget Sound region about the Inland Northwests aerospace industry and actively recruiting companies to relocate east of the Cascades.

The cost of real estate and traffic and congestion are a real obstacle to manufacturing on the West Side, Konkol says. We see a real opportunity now to have conversations with those manufacturers about relocation.

At the consortiums annual I-90 Corridor Aerospace Conference & Expo near the end of May, John Byrne, who serves as vice president of aircraft materials of structures for Boeing Co., told attendees of a new strategy the company will employ that industry representatives here think will give Inland Northwest manufacturers a boost in business, Konkol says.

The commercial aerospace industry has largely been a duopoly between Airbus and Boeing, Konkol says. But the emergence of private aerospace companies and Chinas state-supported aerospace industry have increased global competition, he says.

At his address, Byrne asked the audience, Who got online to try to find the most expensive ticket they could find to get here? Konkol says.

He adds, Competition in the industry for business is fierce right now.

In response, Konkol says Byrne announced that Boeing, for the first time in company history, will start reaching out directly to tier-two and tier-three aerospace companies for work orders to eliminate wasted time and improve communications.

Major manufacturers, such as Airbus and Boeing, are classified as tier-one manufacturers, while AccraFab, Altek Inc., and Multifab Inc. here, for example, are just a few of the many regionally recognized tier-two manufacturers, based on work orders and annual revenues, Konkol says.

Examples of tier-three companies include Spokane-based Novation Inc., which does precious metal plating, and Eclipse Printing Inc., which manufactures nameplates, labels, and decals for aircraft interiors, he says.

He says the large manufacturers, such as Airbus and Boeing, have always used other tier-one aerospace companies to communicate what they need from tier-two and -three suppliers. Its a time-consuming process where, in the end, the big manufacturer spends less time engaged with those further down the supply chain, he says.

Every point of communication is an opportunity for miscommunication, Konkol says. Boeing wants to have direct communication with tier-two and -three companies.

In the Inland Northwest, were heavy with tier-two and tier-three companies, so the fact Boeing is going to do this will provide us with additional opportunities to interact with them. This is a fairly significant change for Boeing, he says.

Reporter Kevin Blocker, a University of Colorado alum, is a rec league basketball addict. At age 47, he still sports a 32-inch vertical leap. He has three children, all of whom are hooked on hoops.

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Inland Northwest aerospace group looks to elevate its profile - Spokane Journal of Business

Meet the Aerospace Company Sending a KFC Sandwich to Space – Entrepreneur

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On Saturday, a chicken sandwich will boldly go where no chicken sandwich has gone before: space.

Sort of. KFC teamed up with Tuscon, Ariz.-based aerospace company World View to take its Zinger spicy chicken sandwich up to the stratosphere via a high-tech, high-altitude balloon -- a trip that will be filmed in glorious high definition for all of us here on Earth.

"[KFC's ad agency] reached out to us, and you can imagine when we first heard about flying a chicken sandwich to space, we thought it was hilarious. You know, somewhat ridiculous," says World View co-founder and CEO Jane Poytner. "But then we were like you know what, this is actually really cool."

Poynter says she is excited about the potential of high altitude balloon flight. Though the technology has been around for decades, she notes that it hasnt really been improved upon in a significant way. With World View, she aims to change that. And it turns out, KFC's marketing stunt will actually create a precedent for the 4-year-old company, and for science.

Related: 20 Unforgettable Moments in Space Exploration

"We get to demonstrate the accessibility of this platform, which is one of our founding tenets that we can fly almost anything, almost anywhere, any time," Poynter says. "So if you can fly a chicken sandwich to space for a global brand, you can probably fly almost anything."

The company is also trying to break ground with the KFC Zinger mission, its first attempt at a multi-day flight after more than 50 test missions.

"We haven't attempted to fly longer than a day, and the reason is that we needed full power systems for that to happen," she says, adding that solar panels will be used to provide continuous power. "That's what's so special for us. We've done over 50 flights, but this is the first time we've got the actual full production Stratollite vehicle in operation, which is very exciting. It's a huge day for us."

Poynter has had a long career in the aerospace field. Her first company, Paragon Space Development Corporation, was the maker of life support systems meant to withstand extreme environments, particularly for astronauts.

Related: A Different Kind of Space Race: How Far-Out Tech Changes the Way You Live

Speaking of, Poynter and her husband Taber MacCallum, also World View's co-founder and CTO, met under some fairly extreme circumstances.

They were members of the first team to live inside the Biosphere 2 in the 1990s. They were sealed inside the research facility for two years, studying how man-made ecological systems could potentially fare in space.

Now, Poynter and MacCallum are figuring out how to observe Earth from great heights for both scientific and commercial means -- but not with rockets like the SpaceXs or Blue Origins of the world.

We get to apply to it modern technologies: 3D printing, solar panels, new battery systems, machine learning. We have the basis of a working technology, so the technology risk is relatively low," Poynter says. "And then we add all of this incredible new technology on top of it to completely innovate and move into a greenfield, which is an incredibly rare opportunity. I think we are limited by our imagination.

Here are other insights from Poynter:

On the origins of the company.

"When we started the company, we were focused on taking people up to see the Earth from space. For many years my co-founder Taber MacCallum and I have been trying to figure out ways to get people to space in a really accessible way. One day he comes into my office and says 'Hey, what do you think about taking people up to space underneath a giant balloon?' That was the idea we were looking for."

Related:Stephen Hawking Says We Have 100 Years to Inhabit Another Planet

On how balloons differ from rockets.

"It's so gentle and its the opposite experience to a rocket. Now, like any good space geek, I love rockets, but this is very different. Then when we announced the company to the world, we were flooded with requests from people to do all kinds of things from the stratosphere. And it made us sit up and pay attention. There's this whole other market here that we had really discounted."

On who World View's customers are.

"Our customers on the Stratollite line of business range from defense and civil government to Fortune 500 and 100 companies. A lot of things that you can imagine doing with a satellite you can do with a Stratollite. We have a lot of interest from defense customers for communications in remote locations.

"We also have lots of interest from the weather community because one of the interesting things about weather is we send the these weather balloons up to over land masses all over the world, and nothing above the ocean. And the ocean is where a lot of the weather originates. You can have these Stratollites out over the Pacific and they are getting information about weather patterns way in advance of what we currently do. We're getting a lot of interest for the potential of being able to provide early warnings for the tornadoes as well."

Related:An Astronaut's Guide to Entrepreneurship

On how the company differs from its competition.

"[Were largely operating in the mesosphere, which] some people call the 'ignorosphere.' One of the reasons it's been ignored is because it's very difficult to operate there from a technical point of view. It provides this fantastic high altitude vantage point that you get from space, though much closer.

"This Stratollite system enables us to be over an area of interest for long periods of time. That is what differentiates us. We can do it for a long period of time. There are drones that can operate at high altitude in the stratosphere but for very short periods of time, a day or two [at the most] that can carry any significant mass of payload. We're hoping to be able to operate upwards of a year.

"We want to be able to get people hours in space instead of just a few minutes. Which is really what you get with with other suborbital experiences."

Nina Zipkin is a staff writer at Entrepreneur.com. She frequently covers media, tech, startups, culture and workplace trends.

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Meet the Aerospace Company Sending a KFC Sandwich to Space - Entrepreneur

Reliance Defence to partner with Daher for aerospace components – Economic Times

NEW DELHI: Reliance Infrastructure today said its arm Reliance Defence has entered into a pact with Daher Aerospace, France for aerospace equipment manufacturing.

"This offers a great opportunity for both the companies to work together for aerospace composites parts manufacturer. There is an increasing demand in aerospace sector for the composite components," Reliance Infrastructure said in a BSE filing.

Signing an MoU on the sidelines of the Paris Air Show, Reliance Defence envisages a strategic partnership with Daher with aim to jointly explore opportunities in design and manufacture of composite parts; design and build welded ducts, metal conduits, swaged pipes and cable harness supports; aerostructure components, integrated logistics, airframes/ assemblies and related industrial activities, it said.

The new facility with Daher Aerospace fosters a comprehensive defence manufacturing ecosystem through backward integration under the government's 'Make in India' programme for indigenous manufacturing of aerospace components.

Daher Aerospace is tier-I manufacturer in aerostructures segment comprising Fuselage Sections and Fairings made of composites as well as conventional metals for Dassault Aviation and other leading global aircraft manufacturers.

In India, Dassault has 50 per cent offset obligation for 36 Rafale aircraft, a contract valued close to 8 billion euros.

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Reliance Defence to partner with Daher for aerospace components - Economic Times

Siemens joins with University of S Carolina aerospace center – Sacramento Bee

Siemens joins with University of S Carolina aerospace center
Sacramento Bee
Siemens Corp. is joining with the University of South Carolina to provide students access to an estimated $628 million worth of the latest technology. The announcement Thursday at the university's McNair Center for Aerospace Innovation and Research ...

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Cloud-Computing Business Lifts Oracle’s Profit — Update – Fox Business

Oracle Corp. co-founder and executive chairman Larry Ellison predicted three months ago the company's cloud-infrastructure business would "soon" grow faster than its other web-based, on-demand applications and services.

He didn't say then when soon would be. But it wasn't three months.

On Wednesday, Oracle reported fourth-quarter results that topped analysts' expectations, sending its stock soaring in after-market trading. The company also changed the way it reports its cloud-computing business.

Oracle is mixing its nascent infrastructure-as-a-service business, where it provides computing resources and storage on demand, with its more tenured business of selling access to app-management and data analytics tools, called platform-as-a-service.

In its fiscal fourth quarter, Oracle posted solid results in its cloud-infrastructure business, where it competes against leaders Amazon.com Inc., Microsoft Corp. and Alphabet Inc.'s Google. Revenue from the business rose 23% to $208 million.

The Redwood City, Calif., company's platform-as-a-service business, combined with its other cloud business that sells access to applications -- known as software-as-a-service -- saw revenue climb 67% to $1.15 billion for the quarter ended May 31.

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Going forward, it isn't clear whether Oracle will continue to break out its progress in the cloud-infrastructure market. On a call with analysts, co-Chief Executive Safra Catz said Oracle combined its platform and infrastructure cloud businesses because "synergies and cross-selling between these two businesses is very high."

Over all, Oracle earned a profit of $3.23 billion, or 76 a share, in its fiscal fourth quarter, up from $2.81 billion, or 66 cents a share, a year earlier. The company said adjusted per-share earnings, which commonly exclude stock-based compensation and other items, were 89 cents.

Revenue rose 2.8% to $10.89 billion. Excluding the impact of a strong U.S. dollar, revenue would have grown 4%, the company said.

According to estimates gathered by S&P Global Market Intelligence, analysts expected Oracle to earn 78 cents a share on an adjusted basis, on revenue of $10.45 billion. Shares jumped 9.5% to $50.18 in recent after-hours trading.

Mr. Ellison has made building the cloud-infrastructure business one of Oracle's key missions, saying last summer "Amazon's lead is over" after introducing Oracle's latest technology for the market.

Amazon, though, continues to pull away. Its Amazon Web Services unit, whose net sales are largely comprised of its cloud-infrastructure business, grew 43% in the most recent quarter to $3.66 billion.

To keep pace with rivals in the cloud-infrastructure market, Oracle will need to meaningfully expand its capital spending and operating expenses, Stifel Nicolaus & Co. analyst Brad Reback recently wrote in a report.

Last year alone, Amazon, Microsoft and Google spent a combined $31.54 billion in 2016 on capital expenditures and leases, much of that on data centers to deliver cloud-infrastructure services.

Oracle spent $2.02 billion on capital expenditures, up from $1.19 billion a year earlier. That, in part, led to operating margins of 34%, compared with 43% in the previous fiscal year. The company has said it doesn't believe it needs to spend as much as rivals to catch up, arguing its technology is superior.

Mr. Reback, though, believes that the company will invest more in data centers to compete in the cloud-infrastructure market.

"They will need to continue to spend $2 billion or higher a year," Mr. Reback said in an interview.

Growth in Oracle's entire cloud business is outpacing the decline in its legacy business of selling licenses to software customers run on their own servers. The cloud business grew $502 million year-over-year while Oracle's new software-license revenue fell $140 million. It is the fourth-consecutive quarter in which Oracle's cloud-revenue gains outpaced declines in its legacy software business.

Over all, revenue from new software licenses fell 5% to $2.63 billion.

The biggest piece of Oracle's software business remains its massive software-license updates and product-support operations. That segment generated $4.9 billion in revenue, a 2% gain from a year earlier.

Write to Jay Greene at Jay.Greene@wsj.com

(END) Dow Jones Newswires

June 21, 2017 17:45 ET (21:45 GMT)

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Cloud-Computing Business Lifts Oracle's Profit -- Update - Fox Business

Microsoft will ride artificial intelligence, cloud computing to higher … – CNBC

It's not just Amazon that will make money from cloud computing and artificial intelligence, according to Wall Street.

Morgan Stanley believes Microsoft's Azure business will thrive riding the same hot technology trends.

The firm reiterated its overweight rating on Microsoft shares, predicting the company will report profits ahead of expectations next year due to cloud computing demand.

Microsoft's "top line drivers include the Azure (Microsoft emerging as a public cloud winner), data center (share gains and positive pricing trends), and O365 [Office 365] (base growth and per user pricing lift)," analyst Keith Weiss wrote in a note to clients Monday.

"With a strengthening secular positioning and rationalization of underperforming portions of the solution portfolio, Microsoft is back to showing durable double-digit EPS growth and investors should be willing to pay a higher multiple for that growth," he added.

Weiss raised his price target for Microsoft to $80 from $72, representing 14 percent upside from Friday's close.

The analyst cited how the growing "machine learning" [artificial intelligence] trend will spur demand for the company's Azure cloud computing services and it could add up to $110 billion in market value for Microsoft.

As a result, Weiss estimates Microsoft will generate fiscal 2018 earnings per share of $3.45 compared with the Wall Street consensus for $3.32.

"Windows 10 gives Microsoft an improved story on tablets, a new leg of rev. growth and downstream opps. for synergy with the Surface, Xbox, and the device ecosystem," he wrote.

CNBC's Michael Bloom contributed to this story.

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Microsoft will ride artificial intelligence, cloud computing to higher ... - CNBC

Cloud Computing and Digital Divide 2.0 – CircleID – CircleID

Internet connectivity is the great enabler of the 21st century global economy. Studies worldwide unequivocally link increases in Internet penetration rates and expansion of Internet infrastructure to improved education, employment rates, and overall GDP development. Over the next decade, the Internet will reinvent itself yet again in ways we can only imagine today, and cloud computing will be the primary operating platform of this revolution.

But not for everyone. Worldwide, the estimated Internet penetration rate ranges between 44% and 50%, much of which is through less productive mobile devices than desktop workstations. Overall, Internet penetration rates in developed countries stand at over twice that of underdeveloped economies. For many, high-quality Internet services are simply cost-prohibitive. Low-quality infrastructure and devices, unreliable connectivity, and low data rates relegate millions to a global online underclass that lack the resources and skills necessary to more fully participate in the global economy. First recognized as early as the 1990s, these persistent quantitative inequities in overall availability, usability, etc., demarcate a world of Internet "haves" and "have not's" known commonly as the "Digital Divide".

In the decade to come, cloud computing and computational capacity and storage as a service will transform the global economy in ways more substantial than the initial Internet revolution. Public data will become its own public resource that will drive smart cities, improve business processes, and enable innovation across multiple sectors. As the instrumented, data-driven world gathers momentum, well-postured economies will begin to make qualitative leaps ahead of others, creating an even greater chasm between the haves and have not's that we will call Digital Divide 2.0.

At one end of the chasm are modern information-driven economies that will exploit the foundational technologies of the initial Internet revolution to propel their economies forward as never before. In particular, cloud technologies will unleash new capabilities to innovate, collaborate and manage complex data sets that will facilitate start-ups, create new jobs, and improve public governance.

Meanwhile, many in the developing world will continue to struggle with the quantitative inequities of the first Digital Divide. Developing economies will very likely continue to make some progress; however, their inability to rapidly bridge the Internet capacity gap will inhibit them from fully participating in the emerging, instrumented economies of the developed world. Failing to keep pace, these economies will continue to face the perennial problems of lack of investment, lack of transparency within public institutions, and a persistent departure of talent to more developed economies.

In the early 1990s, there was much sloganeering and some real public policyin the United States regarding the development of "information superhighways" that would connect schools and libraries nationwide. Information sharing across educational institutions provided the critical mass for launching today's emerging information economy. However, implementation was uneven, and since that time there remain winners and losers, both nationally and globally.

As cloud computing emerges as the principal operating platform for the next-generation information economy, we are again challenged by many of the same questions from two decades ago: who will benefit most from the upcoming revolution? Will progress be limited solely to wealthy urban and suburban centers, already hard-wired with the necessary high-capacity infrastructure, and flush with raw, university-educated talent? Will poorer and rural economies be left to fall that much further behind?

Not necessarily. Industry experts and economists worldwide broadly recognize the tremendous latent economic value of cloud. Clever public-private partnerships in cloud adoption are reinvigorating and transforming municipalities. Shaping public policy begins with recognizing the transformative power of this technology and the role it can play in enabling a wide range of economic sectors.

Now is the time for public sector authorities, private enterprise, and global thought leaders to develop creative approaches to ensure some level of equity in global information technology access. Engagement now may help avoid repeating and exacerbating the original Digital Divide and posture cloud computing as a global enabler, rather than a global divider.

By Michael McMahon, Director, Cyber Strategy and Analysis at Innovative Analytics & Training

Related topics: Access Providers, Broadband, Cloud Computing, Data Center, Policy & Regulation

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Imperfect crystals may be perfect storage method for quantum computing – Digital Trends

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Imperfect crystals may be perfect storage method for quantum computing - Digital Trends

How Schrdinger’s Cat Helps Explain the New Findings About the Quantum Zeno Effect – Futurism

Schrdingers Cat

Even if youre not that into heavy science, youre probably familiar with Schrdingers cat, the thought experiment that allows us to consider quantum states in which more than one state is possible at once. The cat is in a box that is closed, and with it is a vial of poison, a hammer that can smash the vial, a geiger counter, and a trace amount of radioactive material. The radioactive material, however, is such asmall amount that the geiger counter has only a 50 percent chance of detecting it. If it does, it will trigger the hammers smashing of the vial, and the cat will die.

We wont know until we open the box if the cat is alive or dead. We just know that each possibility it getting killed or surviving is equally likely. So, until the box is open, the cat exists in a kind of super position both alive and dead. Schrdingers point was that demonstrating its impossibility and silliness. But thanks to quantum physics, we now knowits not that silly and not necessarily impossible.

Speaking of thought experiments used to talk about quantum physics that were devised by people who never even considered quantum physics, lets consider the Zeno effect and the anti-Zeno effect. Zeno of Elea was a philosopher who made it his life mission to prove that everything was B.S., and he did that by devising paradoxes to demonstrate that even things that seem obviously true to us are, in fact, false. One of these is the arrow paradox, from which arises the Zeno effect and its corollary.

The Zeno effect works like this: in order to measure or observe something at aparticular moment,it must be motionless. Say you want to see if an atom has decayed or not. In reality, although there are two possible states, most of the time the chances are not 50/50. Thats because it takes time for something to decay at least a tiny bit of time. Therefore, if you check on the atom quickly and often enough, it wont decay.The corollary anti-Zeno effect is also true. If you delay measurement until the atom is likely to have decayed, then keep this pattern going, you can force the system to decay more rapidly.

Scientists at Washington University in St. Louis wanted to know what happens if you disturb the system again and again, but dont relay any data. In other words, they wanted to see if it is the act of measurement and observation or simply the disturbing influence that causes the Zeno effect. To find out, they experimented with qubits and devised quasimeasurement,in which the atom is disturbed, but no information about it is measured or relayed.

The team found that even quasimeasurements cause the Zeno effect. The quantum environment doesnt need to be connected to the outside environment for the disturbance to achieve the effect. These findingsare interesting because they open up new areas of research into how we might beable to control quantum systems.

Oh, and by the way: no cats, philosophers, or physicists were hurt in the experiments.

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How Schrdinger's Cat Helps Explain the New Findings About the Quantum Zeno Effect - Futurism

Viewpoint: A Roadmap for a Scalable Topological Quantum Computer – Physics

June 21, 2017• Physics 10, 68

A team of experimentalists and theorists proposes a scalable protocol for quantum computation based on topological superconductors.

Adapted from T. Karzig et al., Phys. Rev. B (2017)

The Herculean thrust to realize a quantum computer by many research groups around the world is, in my opinion, one of the most exciting endeavors in physics in quite some time. Notwithstanding the potential applications that have motivated many companies in this endeavor, a quantum computer represents the most promising avenue to peer into quantum phenomena on a macroscopic scale. As with any such great effort, the race to build a quantum computer has many competitors pursuing a variety of approaches, some of which appear to be on the verge of creating a small machine [1]. However, such small machines are unlikely to uncover truly macroscopic quantum phenomena, which have no classical analogs. This will likely require a scalable approach to quantum computation. A new study by Torsten Karzig from Microsoft Station Q, California, and colleagues [2] brings together the expertise of a large and diverse group of physicists, ranging from experimentalists to topologists, to lay out a roadmap for a scalable architecture based on one of the most popular approaches.

Karzig and colleagues paper represents a vision for the future of a sequence of developments that started with the seminal ideas of topological quantum computation (TQC) as envisioned by Alexei Kitaev [3] and Michael Freedman [4] in the early 2000s. The central idea of TQC is to encode qubits into states of topological phases of matter (see Collection on Topological Phases). Qubits encoded in such states are expected to be topologically protected, or robust, against the prying eyes of the environment, which are believed to be the bane of conventional quantum computation. This is because states of topological phases are locally indistinguishable from each other, so that qubits encoded in such states can evade the destructive coupling to the environment. But experimentally accessible topological phases of matter with the requisite properties for TQC, such as the ability to host quasiparticles known as Majorana zero modes, have been elusive. A milestone in this direction was reached in 2010, when researchers realized [57] that the combination of rather conventional ingredients, such as special semiconductors, superconductors, and magnetic fields, could result in one such phasea topological superconductor. This realization motivated experimentalists to discover signatures of this topological phase just a few years after its prediction [8]. However, the topological superconductors, or Majorana nanowires as they are often called, made in these first experiments were plagued by device imperfections such as impurities [8]. While topological robustness is supposed to protect devices from small imperfections, it is sometimes overlooked that the strength of such imperfections must be below a pretty low threshold for topological robustness to be operative.

A new wave of optimism swept the search for TQC-ready topological superconductors in 2016. Thats when experimental groups from the University of Copenhagen and from the Delft University of Technology, led by Charlie Marcus and Leo Kouwenhoven, respectively, demonstrated high-quality Majorana nanowires that were likely to be in the topological regime [9, 10]. These devices, fabricated through epitaxial growth of superconducting aluminum on indium antimonide semiconductors, showed evidence of a high-quality superconducting gap [10] and also of near energy degeneracy between the topological qubit states [9]; a large energy difference between qubit states is often related to the detrimental decoherence rate of a qubit. However, the rules of the game of designing and fabricating Majorana nanowire devices have proven to be rather different from what had been anticipated. For example, it turns out that it is quite straightforward to drive the newly fabricated devices [9] into the desirable Coulomb blockade regime (where the quantization of electronic charge dominates charge transport) but difficult to fabricate controllable contacts to connect the devices to superconducting circuitry. Interestingly, concurrent theoretical work has clarified that the topological qubit state of a Majorana nanowire can be measured via the phase shift of electron transport through the device when the transport is in the Coulomb blockade regime. This work led to suggestions that the basic operations for TQC could be performed using a procedure that relied on measurements of topological qubits.

Karzig and colleagues study comes at a point in time where there is optimism for the realization of TQC using Majorana nanowires but possibly along a path with several constraints. For example, branched structures of a nanowire could be used to generate a network of wires for TQC, but superconducting contacts are only easy to make at the ends of the wire. This would mean that superconducting contacts must be avoided in making a large network of wires. Also, the qubit lifetime will ultimately likely be limited by quasiparticle poisoning, a phenomenon in which an anomalously large number of unwanted quasiparticles, arising from Cooper electron pairs broken by stray microwaves, exists in the devices. The Karzig study brings together a large number of authors with expertise in device fabrication, in strategies for TQC, and in the solid-state-physics issues involving Majorana nanowires. The researchers propose a protocol for scalable TQC based on the existing Majorana nanowires, assuming that they can be brought into the topological phase.

The protocol involves designing a network from small sets of Majorana wires and performing a sequence of measurements on the sets (Fig. 1). The central idea is to use physical constraints on the network, such as aligning all wires with a global magnetic field, to predict which sets may be measured easily to perform TQC. For example, the researchers considered networks made from sets of four and six wires (tetron and hexon designs) together with the rule that only nearby Majorana zero modes could be measured in each configuration. They then devised a strategy for TQC that optimizes robustness to quantities such as environmental temperature and noise as well the size of the network. The result of the analysis is a few scalable architectures that future experimental groups could pick between, depending on their device-construction capabilities and computational goals. The hexon architectures are likely to be computationally more efficient than the tetron architectures but will probably be more difficult to construct.

While the scope of this work might be limited to these specific devices, detailed analysis of this kind is absolutely key to motivating both experimentalists and theorists to make progress towards a realistic platform for TQC that actually works in practice. The Karzig study likely lays the foundation for analogous work with other topological platforms as they become experimentally viable candidates for TQC. I must also clarify that the significance of this work does depend on whether future experiments meet the outstanding experimental challenges, foremost among which is the reliable generation of Majorana nanowires in a topological phase. That being said, I think Karzig and co-workers paper will serve as a case study to follow, even if the properties of topological superconducting systems turn out to be somewhat different from the ones assumed.

This research is published in Physical Review B.

Jay Sau is an Assistant Professor of Physics at the University of Maryland (UMD), College Park. He holds a B.Tech. in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Kanpur, India, and a Ph.D. in physics from the University of California at Berkeley. After postdoctoral positions at UMD and Harvard University, he joined the Physics Department at UMD in 2013. His research group develops theoretical tools in condensed-matter physics to predict and understand topological phases that might one day be used to perform topological quantum computation.

Torsten Karzig, Christina Knapp, Roman M. Lutchyn, Parsa Bonderson, Matthew B. Hastings, Chetan Nayak, Jason Alicea, Karsten Flensberg, Stephan Plugge, Yuval Oreg, Charles M. Marcus, and Michael H. Freedman

Phys. Rev. B 95, 235305 (2017)

Published June 21, 2017

Torsten Karzig, Christina Knapp, Roman M. Lutchyn, Parsa Bonderson, Matthew B. Hastings, Chetan Nayak, Jason Alicea, Karsten Flensberg, Stephan Plugge, Yuval Oreg, Charles M. Marcus, and Michael H. Freedman

Phys. Rev. B 95, 235305 (2017)

Published June 21, 2017

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Donald Trump Is a Crook – New York Magazine

Ad will collapse in seconds CLOSE / the national interest June 21, 2017 06/21/2017 5:12 pm By Jonathan Chait Share Donald Trump. Photo: Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images

On November 17, 1973, President Richard Nixon delivered a speech that became famous for his self-defeating boast, I am not a crook. The windup to the infamous phrase consisted of Nixon defending his aggressive, but legal, tax-avoidance strategies. I made my mistakes, but in all of my years of public life, I have never profited, never profited from public service I have earned every cent, he insisted. (This was perhaps half-true.) And in all of my years of public life, he continued, I have never obstructed justice. (This was not true the year before, Nixon had tried to get the CIA to quash the FBI investigation into Watergate.)

Like Nixon, Donald Trump denies having engaged in obstruction of justice, even though he plainly has (both by asking intelligence agencies to push back against the FBI, according to reports, and by firing the FBI director over the Russia investigation, by Trumps own admission). Unlike Nixon, Trump does not deny profiting from public service. He does it brazenly and flamboyantly.

If he were a normal president, rather than one who produced calamities at an unprecedented pace, Trumps open profiteering would receive five-alarm media coverage and threats of impeachment. The Washington Post recently reported that Trumps budget slashes funding for a wide array of low-income housing programs, the one notable exception being a program that his own firm benefits from. The story connects this shady decision to an even shadier one: Trumps appointment of Lynne Patton a wedding planner close to the Trump family who possesses zero relevant experience and who has falsified her rsum to oversee the Department of Housing and Urban Developments programs in New York City. That is, Trump is using his budget to suspiciously single out for favoritism a program from which his firm benefits, and then installing a wildly unqualified personal loyalist in a position where she could protect his funding stream. This scandal alone could shake a non-Trump presidency to its foundations.

That it has caused barely a ripple helps to explain why Trump feels emboldened to locate the first fundraiser for his reelection campaign at his hotel in Washington. Trumps Washington hotel has already raked in cash from lobbyists and government officials, foreign and domestic, seeking to curry favor with the First Family. Trump has gotten away with it because his party has evinced zero interest in restraining him. The GOP Congress has quashed investigations of his profiteering or demands that he produce his tax returns. Now the party elite will literally be suborned at an event conjoining his public duties and the fattening of his own wallet.

History has mostly forgotten what Nixon said after his famous line: I am not a crook. I have earned everything I have got. The premise of that statement was that a president who enriches himself through office is a crook. So, what does that make Donald Trump?

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Iraqi and coalition forces blame ISIS; ISIS blames the U.S.-led coalition.

The Democrats arent going to take back the House by winning voters who recoil at the thought of a liberal woman from San Francisco holding power.

Mitch McConnell apparently is not any nicer than Paul Ryan.

The president wont get the meeting he asked for, chairman Cedric Richmond wrote in a letter.

Holding his first fundraiser at his own hotel is a message that the president wants to flaunt his self-enrichment.

You guys care much more about that stuff than I do, he told reporters.

Who among us?

All three trademark requests have been granted since the election.

But officials say the evidence indicates the attack was more spontaneous than premeditated, though the investigation continues.

Some Senate Republicans are realizing that theres a tension between solving the opioid epidemic and throwing millions of people off health insurance.

Hes tired of them asking snarky questions to get on TV.

Founded with an Australian billionaire and Brett Ratner, the company was also behind Wonder Woman and Suicide Squad.

Democrats again outperformed historical markers but disappointed those looking for a breakthrough. What does that mean for 2018?

King Salman has made his ambitious and hawkish 31-year-old son next in line to the Saudi throne.

The presidents budget demands draconian cuts to public housing but maintains a subsidy to landlords that nets him millions each year.

The bus smashed into a church, several other vehicles, and sent one person to the hospital.

Declining values of three NYC office buildings are responsible for the dip.

Gone is much of peoples power to sue federal officials who engage in egregious violations of constitutional rights.

Why do Democrats keep losing special elections? (The answer is actually much simpler than you think.)

Five major shareholders demanded that he step down following months of bad news for the ride-sharing company.

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Donald Trump Is a Crook - New York Magazine

Queen’s Speech: Donald Trump’s UK state visit in fresh doubt – BBC News


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Queen's Speech: Donald Trump's UK state visit in fresh doubt
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Donald Trump's state visit to the UK is in fresh doubt after there was no mention of it in the Queen's Speech. The US president accepted the Queen's invitation for him to travel to Britain when Prime Minister Theresa May visited Washington in January.
Queen's Speech renews doubt over Trump's state visitCNN
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Queen's Speech: Donald Trump's UK state visit in fresh doubt - BBC News

Donald Trump to help Senate with health care bill vote – Washington Times

President Trump may be called upon once again to deliver support for a Republican health care bill as the Senate angles for a vote next week.

For weeks, Mr. Trump has given Majority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky breathing room to write a bill, cheering on the effort from the sidelines. But with a floor showdown looming, the president plans to ratchet up his involvement with the sorts of phone calls and tweets that helped get a bill through the House last month.

I think it helps when he speaks to the specifics of what were trying to accomplish here, said Sen. Thom Tillis, North Carolina Republican.

Senate Republicans have been writing their bill in secret, but Mr. McConnell plans to release a discussion draft Thursday. Republican lawmakers are hoping for a bill that lowers customers premiums and chases fewer people out of the health care markets than the House bill.

But Republicans will need near unanimity to pass the bill, and resistance is strong among a sizable chunk of Senate Republicans, who dislike the process or the substance of the legislation.

I personally think that holding a vote on this next week would definitely be rushed, Sen. Ron Johnson, Wisconsin Republican, said on CNN. I cant imagine, quite honestly, that Id have the information to evaluate and justify a yes vote just within a week.

He received a tacit rebuke from Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker, who said Republicans will have no excuses if they balk at their primary chance for repeal.

Republicans insist that Obamacare is collapsing and say they are on what amounts to a rescue mission. They say the choice is between their solution and a disaster.

The Affordable Care Acts woes deepened Wednesday as insurer Anthem said it was largely exiting Wisconsin and Indiana.

This law has failed our state, said House Speaker Paul D. Ryan, Wisconsin Republican.

He harnessed Mr. Trump and other top administration officials this year to bridge gaps among House Republicans and deliver passage of a plan that would lower costs for younger, healthier Americans though it would free insurers to raise costs for those approaching Medicare eligibility, and would leave tens of millions fewer people insured within a decade, according to the Congressional Budget Office.

Mr. Trump has been increasing his efforts on the Senate side in recent days. Last week, he hosted more than a dozen Senate Republicans at the White House to build unity ahead of the bills unveiling.

The White House launched a webpage to encourage Obamacare repeal, and the administration has deployed Health and Human Services Secretary Tom Price to highlight the rising rates and declining choices in Obamacares exchanges.

It is clear that Obamacare needs to be fixed, and that is what we are focusing on. Our team here is working with Senate leadership to support them as they work though proposing a bill that will work for all Americans, said White House deputy press secretary Lindsay Walters.

At a rally in Iowa on Wednesday, Mr. Trump said passing a repeal bill is achievable, even if its an uphill struggle.

We have a very slim, 52-48 [majority.] That means we basically cant lose anybody, Mr. Trump said. I think and I hope I cant guarantee anything but I hope were going to surprise you with a really good plan.

He also took credit for urging senators to reinvest federal savings into from the House bill into the Senate plan, saying he wants a bill with heart.

Earlier Wednesday, senior White House officials attended an HHS listening session with health care consumers, including retirees, business owners, doctors and insurance agents.

Kellyanne Conway, counselor to the president, told the gathering that repealing and replacing Obamacare was not just a campaign promise, but an imperative for the president.

Yet the headwinds are growing.

A Politico-Morning Consult poll released Wednesday said opposition to the Republican health care plan has doubled from 15 percent to 30 percent among Republican voters since late April, shortly before the House passed its version.

Democrats are calling on Republicans to help sink the bill next week. Just a few defections from the 52-seat Republican majority could doom the repeal effort.

If three of them will step up and say this is wrong then we can roll up our sleeves and do the right thing for America, said Sen. Richard J. Durbin, Illinois Democrat.

Among the items conservative Republican lawmakers will be looking for in the draft bill is a provision to gut as many of Obamacares strictures as possible. Moderate Republicans, meanwhile, are looking for a gradual phaseout of Obamacares vast expansion of Medicaid, hoping to shield states from a major funding cliff.

Some thorny social issues are also rearing their heads.

Mr. Tillis said drafters are researching ways to ban consumers from using refundable tax credits offered in the plan to pay for abortions. The House version contained a prohibition, but the Senate parliamentarian is likely to rule that it flouts the budget rules that govern the debate.

Barring the use of taxpayer assistance for abortion is key for conservatives, who say the overall plan already is falling short of expectations.

Democrats, meanwhile, are ratcheting up their resistance, hoping to apply enough eleventh-hour pressure to sink the Republican effort.

Sen. Bernard Sanders, Vermont independent, told progressive demonstrators on Capitol Hill on Wednesday to rally the American people, to tell the Republican leadership, Yes, let us improve Obamacare, but were not going to destroy it.

Democrats say Medicaid cuts in the Republican plan will be devastating and that Obamacares struggling exchanges can be salvaged with more federal spending to beef up subsidies and backstop insurers losses.

Despite the widespread exodus of insurers from the program, an online startup called Oscar announced Wednesday that it would expand next year into five states: Ohio, Texas, New Jersey, Tennessee and California. It will also continue to sell products in New York.

Their decision to expand follows a move by Centene Corp. to expand into Kansas, Missouri and Nevada next year and reach further into Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Ohio, Texas, and Washington.

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Donald Trump to help Senate with health care bill vote - Washington Times

Edwardsville man charged with threatening to assassinate President Trump – Belleville News-Democrat


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Edwardsville man charged with threatening to assassinate President Trump
Belleville News-Democrat
An Edwardsville man posted on Facebook that he wanted to assassinate President Donald Trump, and is now facing federal charges. Joseph Lynn Pickett was charged for threatening the president of the United States on June 15. U.S. Secret Service Special ...

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Donald Trump’s New York Golf Club Seeks to Avoid Tax Bogeyman – Newsweek

President Donald Trumps Organization wants to see its tax bill for a New York golf club cut in half. The company, which is now being run byhis sons Donald and Eric, is seeking a property tax break of $250,000 for Trump National Golf Club in Westchester, New York, town officialshave said,ABC Newsreported Wednesday.

The Trump Organization has long sought lower corporate tax bills, and its latest attempthas not been received well by local residents. It is very difficult when you see someone who has all these assets at his disposal who would rather pay lawyers to avoid his civic duty of paying taxes,Gloria Fried, a Democrat who collects taxes for Briarcliff Manor, where the course is based, told the news channel.

President Donald Trump at The Trump International Golf Links Course, Aberdeen, Scotland, on July 10, 2012. Ian MacNicol/Getty

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The Trump Organization values the course, which covers 143 acres of Westchester County, at $7.5 million, according to the report, but the town saysit should be closer to $15.1 million.Trump bought the land in 2009 for $8 million and built the 18-hole golf course, along with a housing development.

The Trump Organization has regurlarly challenged property valuations in the pastto gain tax reductions. Tax assessors rated Trump National at $15 million in 2016, while Trumps lawyers claimed it was worth just $1.35 million. Neither Trumps lawyer nor his spokesperson responded to ABCs request for comment.

The president is a big golf fan and has golf courses around the world, from Los Angeles to Scotland and Dubai.He has been photographedplayingwith world No.2 Rory McIlroy.

In April, The Independent reported that Trump had played golf 16 times since becoming president, despite promising not to play much golf. Trump criticized his predecessor President Barack Obama on Twitter for how often he played the sport.

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Donald Trump's New York Golf Club Seeks to Avoid Tax Bogeyman - Newsweek

Donald Trump’s Net Worth and Approval Ratings Are Both Steadily Declining – Newsweek

Donald Trumps net worth is in decline as his New York real estate portfolio struggles to keep up with the citys evolving landscape and competition, according to Bloomberg Billionaires Index, which compiled the presidents mortgage documents, debt forms and a new financial disclosure released Friday.

Trump, who repeatedly bragged about his wealth and successes as a business mogul along the campaign trail to help propel him to the Oval Office, is also suffering a dip in approval ratings, as his administration battles accusations of collusion with the Kremlin. The presidents job approval hovers at nearly 36 percent, a CBS poll released Tuesday indicated.

The presidents purported net worth slipped from 3 billion in 2016 to 2.9 billion in 2017. Trump has regularly claimed his total assets were worth at least 10billion.

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Related: Heres how Trump could actually be impeached

The Trump properties across New York City are having a difficult time attracting new clientele, as the Big Apples commercial real estate trends move toward skyscrapers and modern, innovative buildings. Trump Tower, along with the presidents several other luxe buildings, like 40 Wall Street and 1290 Avenue of the Americas, are consistently underperforming since Trump took office.

Were in the biggest development pipeline in Manhattan since the 1980s, Keith DeCoster, director of real estate analytics at Savills Studley, told Bloomberg Tuesday. Older buildingscirca 1980s, 1990sare having a tougher time competing.

The presidents millions in losses coincides with his continued decline in approval ratings, as Trump seeks to quiet the noise surrounding multiple federal investigations into Russias meddling in last years presidential elections and claims he obstructed justice when firing ex-FBI Director James Comey. The presidents approval rating peaked just above 40 percent during his first international trip as commander-in-chief, before returning to a controversial and stalled GOP health-care bill, as well as continued probes into his campaign and White House administration.

But not all Trump properties are suffering massive losses: Business at Mar-a-Lago, Trumps Winter White House,isbooming ever since he took office and membership rates reportedly rose to more than$200,000 annually. Meanwhile, nearly 200 Democrats have sued the president, claiming hes blatantly violating the Constitution by not giving up ownership of the Trump organization. The lawsuit also demands further transparency regarding the presidents international business deals.

The bottom line is, we have no clue as to most of the investors and partners of Donald Trump around the world, the lawsuit states. We have no accurate and complete knowledge about all those payments and benefits because he has made no disclosure.

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Donald Trump's Net Worth and Approval Ratings Are Both Steadily Declining - Newsweek

After five long years, San Bernardino is officially out of bankruptcy. What’s next? – Los Angeles Times

After five years that brought major changes to San Bernardino, the struggling city is officially out of bankruptcy.

The citys plan for emerging from bankruptcy which was approved earlier this year by U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Meredith Jury became effective June 15, officials said this week. The city, facing a $45-million budget shortfall, had declared bankruptcy in August 2012.

In the years-long process since, San Bernardino has seen its fire department and other services outsourced, its staff cut by hundreds and its public services neglected. Meanwhile, it has struggled to cope with increased violence that officials have attributed in part to an under-resourced police department.

Here are some things to know about the end of the bankruptcy process, what it means for the city and what might be next.

The citys plan of adjustment became effective June 15. That means the city can begin paying its creditors under the terms outlined in that plan, which was negotiated over several years.

Its details have been known for some time.

Most significantly, the plan preserves pension benefits for employees and retirees, though employees will have to contribute more to their pension plans, benefits were modified for new employees and retirees will lose some health benefits they were promised.

Some bondholders and unsecured creditors will be paid only 1% of what they were owed.

In a memorandum on the citys most recent proposed budget, City Manager Mark Scott put it this way: While the citys momentum has improved significantly, it would be overly optimistic to suggest that decades of decline can be reversed overnight.

The bankruptcy plan, Scott noted, is very realistic in showing only modest budgetary growth over a 20-year period.

The citys poverty rate is high about 33% of its residents live in poverty and its average household income is low, making it difficult for San Bernardino to generate the revenue it needs to pay for years of backlogged services.

But city officials say they are slowly making progress toward some of their goals.

The City Council is expected to approve a $160-million operating budget for the coming fiscal year at its meeting Wednesday evening, along with a $22.6-million capital improvement budget, which will help with street repairs, city park improvements and other much-needed projects.

The operating budget also allows for some additional staff in various departments.

San Bernardino has long been affected by high levels of violence, and last year it recorded its worst homicide rate in decades. So officials have focused on boosting the police department, which saw significant staffing cuts in recent years.

Under the citys proposed budget, about $76 million has been dedicated to funding the department up from about $70 million last year.

Were gearing up to have a police department thats better resourced, Scott said in an interview Wednesday.

The city is in the process of replacing about one-quarter of an aging fleet of police vehicles, Scott said. And it is hoping to fill a large number of vacant officer positions but that is no easy goal, given the time and resources it takes to recruit and train new police officers.

The departments resources have been boosted by a number of grants, including a federal grant announced late last year to offset the cost of hiring 11 officers.

The city is also in the process of implementing a new violence reduction program, and officials are in the late stages of recruiting someone to administer it, Scott said.

City officials would like people outside the city to see its potential rather than its troubles. They tout the the fact that it is home to Cal State San Bernardino and San Bernardino Valley Community College, its relatively low-cost housing and lower costs of doing business.

As the citys proposed budget this year stated:

Opportunities for first-time home buyers, entrepreneurs, investors and employers are vast; one only needs to see the potential.

But bankruptcy has cast a cloud over many of the citys aspirations. Now that its lifted, officials are hoping outsiders will take a new look at the city.

The thing Ive run into is that people have not understood how they are going to do business with a city in bankruptcy, Scott said. They ask, Will you keep your staff? Will you be able to follow through on your obligations?

Now, he said, were able to say to people, Were like any other city.

He added: Its time for us to show off that we can be a reliable place to do business. Its up to us now to perform.

paloma.esquivel@latimes.com

Twitter: @palomaesquivel

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After five long years, San Bernardino is officially out of bankruptcy. What's next? - Los Angeles Times

Mesothelioma Risk Continues to Rise for Decades After Asbestos Exposure – Surviving Mesothelioma

A pair of Polish researchers have confirmed what a number of other studies have suggested that the risk of contracting malignant mesothelioma continues to rise, even decades after a persons last exposure to asbestos.

The study was conducted by asbestos-exposure experts at the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine and included a total of 131 patients with pleural mesothelioma.

Another 655 people enrolled in a health surveillance program for asbestos-related diseases between 2000 and 2014 were included as controls.

When researchers Beata Swiatkowska and Neonila Szeszenia-Debrowska used the data to calculate the odds that asbestos-exposed people would develop malignant mesothelioma, the results were sobering.

Instead of declining over time, the chance that an asbestos-exposed worker would receive a diagnosis of mesothelioma continued to climb, the further he or she got from their last asbestos exposure.

The results show that the risk of pleural mesothelioma continued to increase even after 40 years since the last exposure, states the report. In fact, the people who had last been exposed to asbestos 4 decades ago were more than two-and-a-half times as likely to contract mesothelioma as those whose last exposure was just 5 years ago.

Another key observation from the new mesothelioma study is that the type of asbestos to which a person is exposed may also impact their risk of contracting pleural mesothelioma.

While all types of asbestos have been shown to cause mesothelioma, the Polish study found that the risk was very high in people who worked around crocidolite or blue asbestos. The risk of mesothelioma was also 5 times higher in workers who were exposed to a mixture of different types of asbestos than it was in those who were only exposed to chrysotile asbestos.

The researchers say an understanding of the dose-response relationship in occupationally-exposed people could be helpful in the study of mesothelioma risk among people exposed to asbestos in their environments.

Asbestos is a naturally-occurring mineral that was used for decades in a variety of industrial and construction applications. Although many countries have now banned its use, the incidence of mesothelioma, the most deadly disease associated with asbestos exposure, has continued to rise.

One big reason for this rise is the biopersistence of asbestos, the sharp fibers of which stay in the body indefinitely after exposure, triggering cancer-caused inflammation at the cellular level. Although multi-modal treatments have modestly increased mesothelioma survival rates, there is no cure.

Source:

Swiatkowska, B and Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N, Mesothelioma continues to increase even 40 years after exposure Evidence from long-term epidemiological observation, June 2017, Lung Cancer, pp. 121-125

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