Freedom to Choose Medicare – HuffPost

As Republicans flail about trying to find a magic solution to healthcare, they refer constantly to the importance of freedom as the key criterion by which their proposal must be judged. Freedom to choose healthcare plans, or none at all, is more important to them than coverage. They then invest this freedom with all kinds of wonderful benefits until the CBO informs them, nyet (a language they seem to speak well), it rips coverage away from millions of people and premiums will go up.

Republicans seem to ignore that illness itself is enslaving. Think of how a serious illness compromises ones choices in life. Even more enslaving than illness, is illness that could have been prevented or treated if proper coverage, at reasonable cost, were available. How much freedom do people thrown into personal bankruptcy due to illness have?

It is why the Affordable Care Act was the greatest advancement in freedom in generations.

Ok, now, so what about the freedom for each and every American to choose Medicare? While 55-65 year-olds are the most expensive patients for private insurers, they would be the least expensive for Medicare. Hence, it would likely extend the solvency of Medicare even further than the Affordable Care Act did (an oft-forgotten fact, before the ACA, Medicare was slated to go insolvent in 2016).

A freedom agenda that was more than empty jargon would provide everyone the freedom to choose Medicare for coverage. It would be good for people, good for patients, good for the economy, and good for freedom.

Indeed, even among the current Medicare population, just 5% of people covered by Medicare account for 50% of its annual costs; 10% account for about 61%. Generally, these are people with multiple chronic diseases, with each illness adding substantially to their overall costs of care. . Such accumulation of chronic diseases increases with age.

Hence, providing everyone the freedom to choose Medicare would extend its longevity beyond the additional ~14 years Obamacare achieved. Details would have to be calculated regarding premiums since part A (Hospital care coverage) costs nothing for those who have paid Medicare taxes for 10 years, that a 30 year-old would not have had time to do. Part B is $134 monthly plus additional amounts based upon income. Should Part D (drug coverage) be mandatory for under 65s?

Some system of covering reproductive health would have to be built in so that women were not negatively impacted. But, since women at reproductive age are likely to be otherwise healthy compared to the elderly, the costs should be more than outweighed by their premiums.

All that said, it is a favorable actuarial picture for the program and the people.

Fulfill the freedom agenda. Freedom to choose Medicare.

Embrace it. Repeat it. Pass it.

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Freedom to Choose Medicare - HuffPost

Stormers’ Halton homers as Freedom All-Stars earn 10-3 win – LancasterOnline

Sean Halton was 1 for 5 in Wednesday nights Atlantic League All-Star Game, but that one hit was fairly significant. After all, it kickstarted the Freedom Divisions offense for the night.

In the top of the second at at TD Bank Ballpark in Bridgewater, New Jersey, Halton one of five All-Star selections from the Lancaster Barnstormers sent an offering from Bridgeport righty Rainy Lara over the wall for a home run. Haltons solo shot was immediately followed by another from Sugar Lands Kevin Ahrens, himself a former Stormer. The homers forged an early tie and led to an eventual 10-3 victory for the Freedom Division team.

New Britains Jovan Rosa had belted a two-run homer to put the Liberty squad up 2-0 after one inning, but the home team managed just one more run, in the fourth inning, the rest of the way.

The Freedom Division really asserted itself in the top of the third, as Southern Maryland's Zach Wilson touched losing pitcher John Brownell of the Long Island Ducks for a three-run homer. Wilson eventually earned the games MVP honors just hours after he collected the leagues Home Run Derby title as well.

Four other Lancaster players played for the Freedom Division team Wednesday: pitcher Scott Shuman, catcher Anderson De La Rosa, and infielders Vladimir Frias and Garrett Weber. De La Rosa connected for a pair of singles in his two at-bats. Weber went 1 for 5 in the game, and Frias was 0 for 2.

Weber and Frias turned a 4-6-3 double play in the bottom of the ninth, and De La Rosa cut down Somerset's Justin Pacchioli on a steal attempt in the seventh inning.

Shuman, meanwhile, was one of four pitchers out of the 18 used in the game to throw a perfect inning. He got the side in order in the bottom of the sixth, striking out one.

Former Lancaster starter Brian Grening, now of Southern Maryland, picked up the pitching win for the Freedom side, working a flawless second inning.

In other Atlantic League news Wednesday, Bethpage Ballpark and the Long Island Ducks were selected as the host of 2018 All-Star Game.

Its a great honor to host the All-Star Game and festivities, Ducks president/GM Michael Pfaff said via a league release. We are looking forward to creating a special event that will be memorable for all that attend in 2018.

The Ducks have hosted the event twice before, in 2002 and 2010.

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Stormers' Halton homers as Freedom All-Stars earn 10-3 win - LancasterOnline

Planning Commission discusses Freedom Plan comments – Carroll County Times

At their Tuesday evening meeting, the Carroll County Planning and Zoning Commission discussed comments on, but did not vote on whether to approve the Freedom Plan.

The Freedom Plan creates a guide for future long-term growth in the South Carroll area, in terms of roads, resources and future land use designations, which can then guide future zoning changes. State guidelines require the plan be updated every 10 years, but the Freedom Plan was last updated in 2001 the planning commission spent the past year drafting a new plan, which it accepted in April.

Public comment was accepted by the commission throughout the planning process and during the 60-day review period after the commission voted to accept the draft plan in April. Those comments, from the public and state agencies, are now available online.

The commission and county planning staff noted that there were more positive comments about the plan than they had expected, but also noted a familiar thread in many of the negative comments a concern that development envisioned as possible in the plan with a 25-plus-year scope will happen all at once.

"The concern is that all of this will happen all in one year," said County Director of Planning Phil Hager. "You don't just hold out a sign that says open season and every available lot gets developed at the same time."

At the same time, members of the commission expressed concern about the impact on traffic and congestion some of the land use designation changed proposed in the Freedom Plan could lead to. The group decided to wait until at least Tuesday, July 18, their next meeting, before voting on the plan, to give themselves time to consider all of the issues.

Hager, who will leave office at the end of July to become head of the Anne Arundel County Office of Planning and Zoning, advised the commission members to think carefully about what criteria they would use to approve or deny any requested changes to the plan, noting that opinion alone is not enough.

"You need to base it on something that will stand the test of a court case," he said. Otherwise, someone challenging the plan in court would only have to prove that the change they disliked was not fairly arrived at and then "you could end up with something very, very different than anything you discussed."

Once the commission does vote, and presuming the plan is approved, the next step will be for the Carroll Board of County Commissioners to take up the plan, a process that will include more opportunities for public comment. The commissioners can either alter the plan, reject it or adopt it, the latter of which would lead to its implementation.

jon.kelvey@carrollcountytimes.com

410-857-3317

twitter.com/CCT_Health

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Planning Commission discusses Freedom Plan comments - Carroll County Times

‘Kashmiri’ hacks municipal committee’s website in UP, demands freedom – Hindustan Times

The website of the municipal committee in Uttar Pradeshs Rampur district was hacked by a person, who called himself a Kashmiri and posted messages demanding freedom on it on Wednesday, an official said on Thursday.

The message started with Hacked by NABEEL that flashed in place of the usual homepage of the Rampur municipal committee.

A single BEE is ignored but when millions come together the bravest RUN IN FEAR. The one thing the government fear is the day we stand together, it said.

The alleged hacker wrote GO INDIA GO BACK WE WANT FREEDOM, below it and followed it an extended note regarding Kashmiris and Muslims. The message ended with, i am a Kashmiri, it is my crime? But I am proud committing the crime.

The hacking was first noticed by municipal officials while uploading new tenders.

The message was being flashed each time we visited the website and unlike floating advertisements, it was blocking the entire homepage, said Ashwini Tripathi, an IT specialist who handles the website.

According to Tripathi, the website was developed two years ago by a Noida-based company which was informed about the messages.

The experts from the company cleared it hours after we informed them about it, said Tripathi adding, No harm was done to the website or any other data attached to it by the hack.

The website lacked security features and was easily hacked into. But the hacker apparently was only an amateur and was able to alter only the homepage, said Faizan Alam, principal programmer of the company.

We have cleared the glitch and advised the municipal committee to buy additional security features for the website, he added.

The officials of the municipal committee decided not to register a police complaint regarding the matter.

Police officials said they were not aware of the hacking.

An investigation will be ordered regarding the matter once a formal police complaint is filed by the municipal committee, they said.

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'Kashmiri' hacks municipal committee's website in UP, demands freedom - Hindustan Times

Issa participates in DC eugenics event – Escondido Grapevine (registration) (blog)


Escondido Grapevine (registration) (blog)
Issa participates in DC eugenics event
Escondido Grapevine (registration) (blog)
Embattled Congressman Darryl Issa (R-49th District) on June 28 participated in the eugenics founded and funded Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) annual Hold Their Feet to the Fire event at Phoenix Park Hotel in Washington, D.C..

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Issa participates in DC eugenics event - Escondido Grapevine (registration) (blog)

‘Study’ finds fewer children would help climate change liberals … – Washington Examiner

It's not uncommon for liberals to applaud abortion rights; it's less unusual for them to straight-up advocate a kind of soft eugenics in order to improve, of all things, climate change. This is not only authoritarian and immoral but a natural extension of being fanatically pro-choice.

Liberals are applauding the study cited in this Guardian piece, originally published in Environmental Research Letters, which finds that "the greatest impact individuals can have in fighting climate change is to have one fewer child, according to a new study that identifies the most effective ways people can cut their carbon emissions."

Vocal pro-choice proponent and feminist Jill Filipovic approves those suggestions and took it a step further, revealing an inside look at how many of her peers feel about where children rank on the scale of importance, next to the all-consuming, scientifically-proven armageddon of the future: climate change.

The study also found that, while having fewer kids could also somehow help the planet fight its own demise, "there are other things, like "selling your car, avoiding long flights, and eating a vegetarian diet." Not only do scientists fail to agree climate change poses an imminent threat to the world 40 percent doubt man-made global warming but notice a difference in the scale of important things people can do to lessen climate change? One has to do with mostly material stuff, and the other is about procreating a human.

For liberals who are vocal about the right of women to abort their own growing, unborn babies, it stands to reason the same group would applaud the concept of merely avoiding having babies altogether, or at least family planning, for the environment's sake.

Children are not only a gift, but a boon one of those babies might actually become the person who cures cancer or invents the newest Apple-like product. I wouldn't expect a group who rallies for eugenics and abortion to understand that.

Nicole Russell is a contributor to the Washington Examiner's Beltway Confidential blog. She is a journalist in Washington, D.C., who previously worked in Republican politics in Minnesota. She was the 2010 recipient of the American Spectator's Young Journalist Award.

If you would like to write an op-ed for the Washington Examiner, please read our guidelines on submissions here.

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'Study' finds fewer children would help climate change liberals ... - Washington Examiner

Cris Cyborg reacts to being bumped from UFC 214 co-main slot – FanSided

CURITIBA, BRAZIL - MAY 14: Cristiane 'Cyborg' Justino of Brazil prepares to enter the Octagon before facing Leslie Smith in their women's catchweight bout during the UFC 198 event at Arena da Baixada stadium on May 14, 2016 in Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. (Photo by Josh Hedges/Zuffa LLC/Zuffa LLC via Getty Images)

Julian Edelman throws some shade at Peyton Manning during the ESPYS (Video) by David Austin Bumpus

Kid Rock announces his campaign for the U.S. Senate by Kat Tenbarge

Cris Cyborg Justino hasnt had the easiest year, and it looks like another mark has been placed on her somewhat tumultuousUFC career. Justinos previously scheduled co-main event bout with Tonya Evinger has been bumped down to the third fight, according to the official UFC 214 line-up.

I fight for my fans, Justino told FanSided on Wednesday. I dont care if I am the first fight or the last. Im just blessed to be fighting on July 29 and grateful to have the opportunity to show the world I am the best.

Justino almost didnt get her chance at UFC gold when former championGermaine de Randamie refused to fight Justino. Ultimately, de Randamie was stripped of the title after refusing to defend the belt and Justino was booked to face Invicta featherweight champion Megan Anderson. As fate would have it, Anderson was unable to fight due to circumstances that are still not quite clear, and Justino was paired with Invicta bantamweight champion Tonya Evinger instead.

It was previously reported by MMA Fighting that Justino would fight in the co-main slot for UFC 214 Jones vs. Cormier 2, but that was before the UFC announced the addition of a third title fight, this time between Tyron Woodley and Demian Maia.

Justino is undefeated in her two previous UFC showings and has not lost a bout since 2015. Evinger will go up a weight class to meet the former Invicta champion at 145 pounds. Evinger is making her long awaited IFC debut. She has not lost a bout since 2011.

UFC 214 official line-up:

Main Card (Pay-Per-View)

Preliminary Card (FXX)

Preliminary Card (UFC Fight Pass)

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Cris Cyborg reacts to being bumped from UFC 214 co-main slot - FanSided

”I see two advantages: I can take hot things without oven mitts and hands do not freeze when it is cold” – Realnoe vremya

09:00, 13.07.2017

The interview with the pilot of bionic prostheses about the present and future of prosthetics in Russia

How soon will scientists create prosthesis identical to human limbs? How noticeable is the lag of the Russian technologies of prosthetics compared to foreign ones? Is it possible in Russia to get a good prosthesis using budget money, not spending millions of rubles? What problems and difficulties does a person who acquire a disability face in Russia? A pilot of bionic prostheses, SMM manager of the company Motorika Konstantin Deblikov, who a few years ago lost his hands during an explosion of pyrotechnics, answered to these and many other questions to Realnoe Vremya.

Konstantin, what do you do now? Has your life changed significantly after the incident in 2014?

I'm working in Motorika company, we produce interesting, unusual prostheses for children and high-tech prostheses for adults. In parallel, I organize competitions of human cyborgs, I try to promote high-tech prosthetics and to change opinion of the society and people with disabilities on the issue of amputation in Russia.

As for changes in my life I wouldn't say that my life turned upside down. I have a musical education and I used to play the guitar, but it is obvious that it is impossible to continue this activity with current prosthetics. However, I did not give up doing music, I began to play drums, electronic music. In other words, the accents have changed a little, but my hobbies remained the same. Now I have a goal in life: I understand what problems people with disabilities have in Russia, and now I have concentrated on how to try to solve these problems.

On your Facebook page you posted a curious video where well-known designer Artemy Lebedev assures you that ''if a tram runs over him and he loses his legs, then he'll just open Yandex and look for information what to do next''. He also said that he ''absolutely will not change in the case of loss of limbs''. His statement caused outrage in the comments. Don't you think that he a bit overestimated his abilities?

No, I don't think so. Moreover, I think that I have not changed a little after the amputation. In some ways, of course, my lifestyle has changed, but what the man is, for what he lives, how he sees and perceives the world it is the basic things. I think if a person is really mature, then no injury, no disability can break him, and it is not necessarily it changes it. So, in that sense, I agree with Artemy. If to speak about change of consciousness, then I think that I did not have it, and Artemy, as a mature man, internally would not change greatly.

Konstantin, I do not want to touch the topic of disadvantages, so I would better to ask you about benefits of prosthesis.

I can name two advantages that I see: I can take hot things without oven mitts and hands do not freeze when it is cold (laughing).

Are prostheses expensive and whether it is possible in Russia to get a good prosthesis for budget money?

It is possible, but most likely, one has to try very hard because nobody will be consumed with desire to give a person a pricey prosthesis if by legislation it is possible to give him something cheaper and of lower quality. But if a person is ''charged'', if he knows the algorithm to act, where to go and where to write a complaint, then this option is possible.

In Moscow, it is easier to obtain an expensive prosthesis than in the regions. Besides, a lot depends on how old you are, under what circumstances you got the injury, whether the prosthesis will return you the ability to live active life, to earn and return in the number of taxpayers in order to offset the cost of the prosthesis. Everything is very individually. Some people manage to get good quality prostheses at the expense of the budget (including foreign expensive prostheses), while others cannot, and, unfortunately, they get outdated traction prostheses.

Now everything is heading in the direction so that in Russia people did not buy foreign prostheses at million rubles the government is investing in domestic developments. The prices of foreign prosthesis are very greatly exaggerated, like of any medical technology or pharmacology. Prices are very different from the cost. Again, I have to mention Motorika, the company now specialises on the creation of high-tech prostheses, which will cost about 350,000 rubles. It's already dramatically reduced prices.

Speaking of Motorika, since you work in a Russian company that creates prosthetics, I want to ask you: how do we lag from foreign technologies of prosthetics?

If to speak about children's prosthetics, now in Russia we do good prosthesis. Previously, in most cases, all that children were offered were some cosmetic things that just cover the injury, hide it under silicone, thereby developing child's complexes plus not giving any functionality. The situation has changed, in particular, thanks to Motorika that makes prostheses that return children functionality of their impaired limbs. So, as for children's prosthetics, now everything is getting better.

As for the high tech prosthetics, we are still lagging behind Europe and the US, but one should understand that their situation was developing differently: in last few decades various companies were actively competing against each other, different engineering teams were created, development of which were constantly compared and improved. As a result, now they have some really good products.

In fact, we are already close to so that in Russia there were qualitative means of rehabilitation, and it would be great if the government also gave attention to the issue and investments, of course.

Let's say such situation happened, I want to communicate with people who are with me ''in the same boat'' so as not to drown completely in the depression and learn useful things. Where do I go?

Absolutely nowhere. Now they have to look for separate people online. Different people write me every day, asking questions. For now, we communicate only this way.

Of course, you can go to a regional unit of the society of the disabled, but, for example, when I went to our Honestly, I ran out of there because there was only depression and just some kind of horror going on. Complete hopelessness.

Maybe you have a desire to improve the situation on you own somehow?

I'm trying to do it, I have plans to create a non-profit organization. I hope that everything will work out and I can bring people together, help young and not very young people who are in a difficult situation. Generally, such movement should come from the disabled people themselves and not from the government. If they are active, then other people will have a disability, it will be much easier because there will be a live community.

What is the situation with the attitude of our society towards people with disabilities? I remember a lot of unpleasant cases, including the situation with Renata Litvinova and Evgeny Smirnov.

It just so happened that for centuries in Rus' and Russia the attitude towards people with disabilities were like to defective, dependent, unhappy people. But in fairness it should be noted that this attitude, of course, has considerably transformed in recent years. Actually, I think that in the basis of this behaviour there is the fear of disability, because that's what we don't want to think about, it is what reminds us of death, it is what causes some negative emotions.

I think the situation will change much more actively, if, in the first place, people with disabilities themselves begin to change the attitude. The more these people are in media, on television, on the Internet, the more active they are, the better it will be for the society that will begin to get used to people with disabilities, and begin to treat them quite normally.

The situation with Litvinova and Posner happened due to the fact that people do not fully understand how to treat people with disabilities. It seems to me, to say to a man with no leg: ''I do not like your dance because you are a bad dancer'' would be extremely tolerant and correc, because it is exactly the same person who can dance well and can dance badly. If you don't like how a disabled person dances, then you can tell him directly, and that's all nothing wrong with that. We should learn how to look at all people equally.

By Lina Sarimova. Photo: facebook.com

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''I see two advantages: I can take hot things without oven mitts and hands do not freeze when it is cold'' - Realnoe vremya

Xande Ribeiro vs Roberto Cyborg In Copa Podio Superfight! – Jiu-Jitsu Times

The Copa Podio, a professional jiu-jitsu league in Brazil, will be making its way to Manaus, Brazil. This version of the cup will be featuring three superfight.

The Middleweight Grand Prix begins on August 12 at 3 P.M. Pacific Time. The Middleweight Grand Prix will feature fighters that weight up to 88 kilos as they compete to be named king.

The biggest match of the night is the much anticipated fight between Xande Ribeiro and Roberto Cyborg. The winning team will have a chance to claim the title next season.

Roberto Cyborg (in the photo with his wild training partner) will face Xande Ribeiro in the new Copa Podio team

Posted by Copa Podio onFriday, June 30, 2017

Well known for being a mainstay in the Brazilian jiu-jitsu community for almost two decades, Xande Ribeiro is a black belt and a co-founder of the Ribeiro Jit Jitsu Association.

Achievements:

Roberto Cyborg is a black belt jiu-jitsu competitor. One of his unique techniques, the Tornado Guard, caught the attention of the jiu-jitsu community after his fights with Abmar Barbosa and Braulio Estima. He has since started his own training academy called Fight Sports.

Achievements:

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Xande Ribeiro vs Roberto Cyborg In Copa Podio Superfight! - Jiu-Jitsu Times

Lake Shore Drive proposals would shift beaches, straighten Oak Street curve – Chicago Tribune

In the 80 years since Lake Shore Drive was established as Chicago's lakeside highway, planners have struggled to strike a balance between keeping traffic moving and preserving the city's premier parkland.

The scenic avenue has undergone numerous extensions and pedestrian access projects over the years as the city has tried to maintain the historic parks and venues along the route.

On Wednesday, state and local officials revealed the most significant redevelopment plans in decades for North Lake Shore Drive between Grand and Hollywood avenues a stretch beset with traffic bottlenecks, pedestrian and cyclist overcrowding, and flooding from Lake Michigan. In the concepts, Oak Street and North Avenue beaches would be shifted, parkland added, and bike and pedestrian lanes further separated.

The big issue is the variety of users, said Jeff Sriver, director of transportation planning and programming for the city's Department of Transportation.

"It's not just a road or a highway," he said. "As many transit passengers take it as take CTA rail lines, with 70,000 riders using the corridor on buses. It's also the Lakefront Trail. Then, there's all the park activity. It's much more complex and interesting than your standard road project."

At a public meeting at DePaul University's student center, members of the multiagency task force displayed renderings and exhibits of options, which are still in the brainstorming stage.

Among those options was a proposal to add a few hundred feet of lakefill on the Near North Side, lessening the need to close parts of the road during storms.

"The extension of the park and seawall into the lake is needed to protect Lake Shore Drive from flooding, so waves will never overtop it and get into it like they do today," Sriver said. "As a happy coincidence we can use all this space as park."

The added space would allow for construction of a lane of traffic in both directions. And it would allow the notoriously sharp "S-curve" near Oak Street, where crashes and spinouts frequently occur, to be somewhat straightened. The speed limit on the curve could be 40 mph, as it is elsewhere in the road, instead of the current 25 mph in that stretch, Sriver said.

The Chicago Avenue intersection, where turning vehicles must make tight maneuvers, was reimagined without traffic signals, with Lake Shore Drive running underneath Chicago Avenue.

Officials hope the two fixes would alleviate some of the most chronically congested and crash-prone areas, which contributed to an average of 1,165 vehicle accidents a year between 2007 and 2011, according to data.

"I'm pleased with our beautiful cityscape, and they already identified safety as the No. 1 concern," said Larry Nutson, 74, of Lakeview. "But speeding and speeding enforcement is a problem, specifically in my ward with high-performance motorcycles. So, I'm hoping to see a calming of the traffic. The city needs to find a way to enforce this ... because a lot of them don't even know what the speed limit is."

The task force is also weighing reserving lanes of traffic for buses, high-occupancy vehicles or express toll lanes.

However, the congestion and safety concerns don't pertain only to drivers.

Officials presented options to alleviate run-ins between cyclists and pedestrians. In many cases, they are suggesting bicycle paths that fly over pedestrian tunnels.

While plans to separate bike and pedestrian paths along the lakefront are already underway, the new concepts seek to maintain and expand the space between high- and low-speed pathways.

Some alternatives called for the removal of a few pedestrian access tunnels and bridges, half of which are in poor condition, and the creation of new ones.

In a couple of plans, the Division Street tunnel would be removed in favor of one at Banks Street, which concerned Gold Coast resident Doug Saleeby, 62.

"I actually live near there, and I see a million kids a day ride the Red Line to go to the beach," Saleeby said. "And I don't think people who live near there would want them wandering down Astor and Banks to get there."

Wednesday's meeting also revealed options that didn't make the cut, including a suggestion for a light rail line, which the task force determined would cost $4 billion. Proposals for an underwater tunnel in Lake Michigan, an underground tunnel along Lake Shore Drive and a causeway over the lake between Chicago Avenue and Diversey Parkway were also dismissed.

At $3 billion, the tunnels would cost much more than the other alternatives, officials said, and would require hefty operating expenses for extensive ventilation systems to purge auto exhaust and smoke from traffic emergencies.

Costs and funding sources haven't been considered as of yet, according to state and local transportation officials. Projects wouldn't begin until 2019 at the earliest.

"It's really redefining the way the drive works for the future," Sriver said. "It will be the 'new drive' not the drive we got for 80 years. We want to maintain and carry forward the good aspects but also consider the function and need for the users of the park. We see a great opportunity to re-envision how it works."

tbriscoe@chicagotribune.com

Twitter @_tonybriscoe

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Lake Shore Drive proposals would shift beaches, straighten Oak Street curve - Chicago Tribune

Great white shark attack closes beaches of popular surfing community – Fox News

The beaches of a popular surfing community in California have been partially shut down for at least four days after a shark attacked a kayak.

An experienced kayaker in Santa Cruz said he was kayaking Tuesday morning when he felt a sudden tug. The kayaker looked down and said he saw what he thinks was a great white.

"I saw the shark hanging on the front end of my boat," Steve Lawson told KSBW-TV.

The shark bit the front of the kayak, and Lawson jumped into the water in a panic. He was not injured in the attack.

The closing of Santa Cruz's beaches is "unprecedented," said Fire Chief Jim Frawley. (KTVU)

SHARK BITES BOTH LEGS OF SWIMMER OFF POPULAR FLORIDA NUDE BEACH

He called Harbor Patrol for help and authorities arrived in 90 seconds.

"I spent a little time in the water swimming around. I panicked, everyone panics," Lawson said. "There's a shark in the water, but he didn't come back. He wasn't interested in me."

Police shut down water activity within a 1-mile radius.

There is increased patrol along the beach to make sure swimmers and surfers stay out of the water. (KTVU)

We were able to meet up with the kayaker and get him out of the water and actually did determine that it was true predatory attack on a water craft, said Santa Cruz Fire Chief Jim Frawley. And, so out of an abundance of caution, we go ahead and posted in the beaches and have completely limited water access for the next four days.

Frawley said the partial closure is unprecedented but necessary to make sure beachgoers are safe. He said there will be increased patrols along the beaches and on water vessels to remind people not to swim in the water.

GOLF BALL DIVER RECOVERING AFTER ALLIGATOR ATTACK IN FLORIDA

Frawley said lifeguards and beach patrol will enforce the order even though its a surfing destination that attracts people FROM across the country. He said those who defy the directive could be fined up to $200.

Every time you go into the ocean you always run the risk of encountering the wildlife that is there, Frawley said. We just caution people to be aware of their surroundings, understand what the conditions are not only about what is in the water but how the water behaves and also to listen and heed any warnings from lifeguards and Ocean Safety staff.

Santa Cruz is a popular spot for surfers, attracting people across the country. (KTVU)

As for Lawson, he told KGO-TV that he has no plans to stop kayaking after 25 years because of the attack.

He posed with police, smiling, for photos soon after the run-in.

Includes reporting by The Associated Press.

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Great white shark attack closes beaches of popular surfing community - Fox News

25 of Africa’s best beaches – CNN

(CNN) No one's going to claim Africa has all the best beaches in the world, but it has some of them.

From the wind-tickled shores of the Seychelles to the haunting, seal-dappled coast of Namibia, the continent's sandy fringe is varied and dramatic.

Here's a small sample of Africa's best beaches.

You really can walk across the Red Sea at Sharm el-Sheik.

Sharm el-Sheikh has become Egypt's resort capital for good reason: the warm, crystal waters and wide beaches are great for swimmers and sunbathers and it's the gateway to some of the best diving in the world, along the reefs of the Red Sea.

Good to know: If you want a day on the beach but not in the sun, Sharm el Maya offers good shade.

You're in hawksbill territory.

Good to know: Watamu is an important breeding ground for green and hawksbill turtles.

Good to know: Want to learn to kitesurf? Lessons are available here.

The zanzi-best of Zanzibar.

It's tough to choose the best beaches on this laid-back island, but Nungwi, on the north of the Zanzibar, is one of them.

What was once a simple fishing village and dhow-building center has become a popular holiday destination, where palms casually amble onto a beach that dissolves gradually into shades of turquoise.

Good to know: At sunset, white-sailed dhows leave from the boat yard. Have your camera ready.

Lakes have beaches too, sometimes.

There isn't much to Chitimba besides a peaceful stretch of inland beach -- the lake the beach borders is one of the biggest in Africa. Wrapped with densely vegetated hills and trees that filter down to the edge of the sand, it's a quiet piece of freshwater paradise.

If you're feeling energetic, Chitimba Camp's guides can take you walking into the surrounding hills.

Good to know: Ichthyologists say there could be up to 1,000 species of fish in Lake Malawi.

Camera out, flippers on, good times here we come.

Jungle and boulders tumble down a hillside and into the small beach and bay of Anse Soleil in the southwest of Mahe. It's peaceful, private and a very romantic beach from which to watch the sun set.

Good to know: The simple cafe on the beach serves some of the best seafood in the area.

Worth the plane ride, cycle, taxi and/or walk.

It's obvious why Anse Source d'Argent has been labeled the world's most photographed beach. A walking trail, with jungle tumbling down a hill on one side, winds between massive granite boulders to reveal a sandy beach so perfectly white, and with water so exquisitely turquoise, it seems unreal.

Good to know: There are so many pretty beaches on La Digue, which is easily explored by bicycle.

It's not called Belle Mare for nothing.

The sunrise from the quiet beach of Belle Mare, on the east coast of Mauritius, is worth the bleary-eyed wake-up call. Although it's known for its fine white sand, you're likely to find a secluded space along this barely-developed stretch of beach.

The water is calm and shallow; just what you want for wallowing away lazy days.

If you've always longed to relax on a white stretch of beach where shade is provided by lazy palm trees, not striped umbrellas, Ifaty, on the southwest coast of Madagascar, could be your answer.

This stretch of coastline, lined in parts by fishermen's houses built mostly from natural materials, is flanked by coral reef, which you can explore with goggles and a snorkel or on the surface from a colorful dugout canoe.

Good to know: You could catch sight of whales if you visit in July or August.

Umbrellas and deckchairs not allowed.

A sandy eight-kilometer stretch of beach with gorgeous, clear water is what you can expect from Tofo in Mozambique.

It's perfect for beach-lollers, sand-frolickers and further out to sea, divers and fishermen have good opportunities to express themselves too.

Good to know: If you're keen on surfing or fly fishing, the quieter beach of Tofino is your best bet.

The day's best catch? The view.

For an idyllic tropical island beach, Bazaruto, the namesake of Bazaruto Archipelago, wins hands-down.

The island's lazy sand beaches stretch forever into clear turquoise water, before dropping off into the Indian Ocean, and palm trees dangle over the beach creating perfect cocktail-sipping shade.

Good to know: Bazaruto Archipelago is renowned for its diving opportunities.

Explore the rock pools at dusk.

Situated at the mouth of the Ivungu River mouth, Uvongo beach has a shallow lagoon, perfect for little ones to splash about in. Hire a pedallo and paddle to the base of the 23-meter-high waterfall that drops into the lagoon.

Good to know: At low tide, take a net and explore the rock pools at the south end of the beach.

Where cliffs and postcards collide.

Coffee Bay on South Africa's Wild Coast is beautifully wild. With cliffs that plummet and green hills that roll into the turbulent waters of the Indian Ocean, this is one moody beach that will take your breath away.

Hole In The Wall (eight kilometers up the road from Coffee Bay) is a spectacular rock just out to sea at the mouth of the Mpako River.

Good to know: The best way to see this beautiful stretch of coastline is to walk it.

The rocks of urban bliss.

On a summer's day, you'll struggle to find a place to lay your towel among all the beautiful bodies lazing about on Camps Bay, probably Cape Town's most popular beach.

The road next to the beach is lined with cafes and bars, themselves filled with young trendies -- pack your best boardies or bikini. The Clifton beaches, next to Camps Bay, offer more privacy among the boulders.

Good to know: Get even further from the crowds at Blouberg beach, where you can capture spectacular sunsets and take postcard photos of Table Mountain across Table Bay.

Where even the jackals are taking it easy.

There can be few beaches as hauntingly beautiful as Namibia's Skeleton Coast.

This wide, wild, rugged stretch of beach between the Swakop and Kunene rivers is often shrouded with fog -- the result of the cold air over the Atlantic meeting the warm air of the Namib Desert -- and the beach has become a graveyard for ships that run aground in the shallow, rocky waters.

Good to know: Expect to see lots of seals and marine bird life near the wrecks.

More German than Germany.

What is a beach if it's not a playground? Swakompund in Namibia has reinvented itself as an adventure center, with fishing, surfing, kayaking, quad biking and sand boarding.

Good to know: Swakopmund is often described as being more German than Germany -- so eat at the Bavarian-style Swakopmund Brauhaus restaurant.

The beaches of Loango National Park in Gabon have become famous for their surfing hippos -- but you can also see elephants, buffaloes, gorillas and leopards on the sand.

The uninhabited coastline of the park is more than 100 kilometers long, and offers good sightings of dolphins and humpback and killer whales.

Good to know: Your best chance of seeing the surfing hippos is January. From September to May you're likely to see forest elephants and red forest buffaloes on the beach; October to February is turtle nesting season.

What you're likely to remember about the beautiful sandy arc of remote Beyin beach are the tall, soaring palms along its edge. It's a classic African working beach, and you can expect to watch about 100 men pulling in enormous seine nets filled with fish.

Good to know: The stilted Nzulezo village can be reached by taking a dugout boat from the irrigation canal across the road from the beach.

You'll struggle to find a quieter, more perfect shoreline than Banana Beach on the tiny island of Prncipe, off Africa's west coast.

It boasts clear, shallow waters, forest-fringed edges and, quite likely, not another tourist in sight. Hard to beat the completely laid-back atmosphere of the island, too.

Good to know: Some of the world's best deep-sea fishing waters are off the coast of Prncipe.

There's a real sense of space and being in the middle of nowhere at River No. 2 Beach just outside Freetown in Sierra Leone, with its pure white sand and a backdrop of lush, vegetated mountains.

Good to know: If you can tear yourself away from the beach, hire a canoe from the local development association and paddle up the river to a waterfall.

You won't be the only one enjoying the sunset here.

A wide bay with a flat beach fringed on one side by unspoilt dune vegetation and on the other, the corduroy waves of the Atlantic Ocean -- Cap Skirring is one of the loveliest beaches of Casamance, which is in turn one of Senegal's most beautiful regions.

There's not been too much development in terms if tourism here, but a taxi ride to the white beach of Boucotte will get you even further from it all.

Good to know: Keen drummers can be entertained at the nearby villages of Kafountine and Abn.

At remote Chaves Beach on Boa Vista, a striking expanse of curvy, wind-carved sand dunes eventually run down into the Atlantic. With its open landscape and soft sand, this desert island is a sunbather's paradise. Chaves beach is isolation at its most lovely.

Good to know: Love seafood? Ask one of the local fishermen to catch your favorite.

Essaouira is beautiful at dusk.

The sprawling beach of Essaouira offers ample space for travelers wanting to soak up some sunshine in this very laid back Moroccan town -- but it's the wind and waves that attract high numbers of wind- and kite-surfers in summer, and surfers in winter.

Further around the bay away from the harbor is a castle that's said to have been the inspiration for Jimi Hendrix's "Castles Made of Sand."

Good to know: Essaouira is beautiful at dusk. Walk to the harbor for great snapshots looking back towards the old town, along the city walls.

Kite-boarding and windsurfing are the water sports of choice here.

The wind blows every day at Dakhla in the south of Morocco, making it perfect for kiteboarders. Flanked on one side by a huge, calm lagoon and good waves on the other, the beach is popular with beginners, novices and pro kiteboarders.

Good to know: The lagoon is calm and shallow, and good for snorkeling.

A beach worthy of its town.

While you'll be lured to the beach at Sidi Bou Said, it's the town on the cliff above it that has become the real appeal of this Tunisian haven.

The narrow cobbled streets are lined only with white buildings with blue doors, windows, shutters and balconies, bougainvillea tumbling down and palm trees reaching up.

Good to know: If Sidi Bou Said beach is too crowded, head to La Marsa. Note that while Sidi Bou Sad definitely rates as one of Africa's best beaches, check travel advisories before traveling to Tunisia, where the political situation is fluid.

Editor's note: This article was previously published in 2012. It was reformatted and republished in 2017.

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25 of Africa's best beaches - CNN

Italy’s best beaches and islands – CNN

(CNN) In a perfect world, we wouldn't need to explain why Italy's beaches and islands are worth visiting.

We wouldn't need to describe the fluorescent waters and talcum-powder sand, or highlight the delicious seafood or lively nightlife.

Fortunately, this isn't a perfect world, so we get to show off these beautiful spots and you get to read about them and start planning your next trip.

Diving, seafood, dancing: perfect vacation trinity. Plus the sea of the Tremiti islands is gorgeous.

People come here to cover their bodies with clay mixed with seawater, which makes skin smooth and serves as a soothing balm.

The place is great for snorkeling and diving, too: the shallows are one of the best attractions.

You get here from San Domino island, which has lively nightlife.

Wine Bar Era Ora has great cocktails and A Furmicula is worth a visit if you're up for dancing.

All the colors of a great island destination.

At the foot of the elegant town of Taormina, Isola Bella Beach is one of Sicily's most beautiful and popular.

Archeology, shopping and sunbathing combine here.

The little isle in front and the protected bay with its emerald, still waters are perfect for swimming and snorkeling.

Nearest airport: Catania. From mainland drive to Messina for the ferry.

One prison you might not wish to escape.

An uncontaminated isle just-off the northern coast of Sardinia, Asinara Island is quiet and surrounded by nature and shimmering sea.

Once a penal colony, today it's a protected park where the only inhabitants are local albino wild donkeys, freely grazing the land, and more than 650 other animal species.

No clubs, no hotels, no restaurants. You get here by motorboat from Stintino, a chic fishing village.

Get to Stintino from Olbia port/airport or Alghero airport.

World's biggest wind protector?

Many Romans' favorite holiday spot, the lunar atmosphere at Chiaia di Luna is striking.

It's great for sea adventurers with precipices, inlets, the caves of Ponzio Pilato and the nearby isle of Zannone.

At the harbor, visitors can rent a motorboat or go for a guided tour.

The scenic town's crazy nightlife is something to behold. The best aperitifs can be had at the glamorous Bar Tripoli on the main square, where VIPs mingle with football players.

Come here and you'll understand why it's considered by many to be one of the most beautiful islands in the world.

The water color and almost prehistoric scenery of colorful pebble-stone beaches, granite cliffs, sea stacks and grottos will make you feel like Indiana Jones exploring a new world.

The island is uninhabited. There's a small restaurant open only during the summer.

If you feel like trekking, there are dozens of organized tours.

Lampedusa Island -- blinding white cliffs, fluorescent blue waters, African-like temperatures and dry desert.

The heart-shaped Rabbits' Islet beach, one of the world's best beaches, is what makes this island special.

Lampedusa is Italy's southernmost island (it's near Tunisia), with blinding white cliffs, fluorescent blue waters, African-like temperatures and dry desert.

Protected turtles lay eggs here; dolphin-watching is one of the main attractions. But in recent years the island has become better known as a major entry point for migrants attempting to get into Europe.

At the harbor, visitors can rent a boat for a tour around the island and nearby volcanic isle of Linosa, featuring a spectacular black and red Mars-like beach.

The local cream pastries and fish couscous at Trattoria del Porto are great.

Get here by plane from Rome, Milan or Bologna.

Windsurf by day, gorge on seafood by night.

Loud and vibrant, "noble and popular," as locals define it, it's a top windsurfing site and an elegant holiday location.

The restaurants along the sea promenade lure tourists with their stands of fresh fish.

Get here by car or bus from Palermo, just 11 kilometers away.

Mountain trails make this one beach destination you won't want to laze about on.

Inside the Mount Conero Park on the Adriatic coast, Numana Beach lies at the base of a high, rugged cliff.

It's silent, peaceful and breezy and surrounded by lush vegetation: no wonder hermits used to come here in the Middle Ages to meditate.

To get here, take highway A14, exit at Ancona -- the area is also connected by plane from Rome and Milan.

Black and blue -- one of Italy's most beautiful "bruises."

The largest of Sicily's Aeolian Islands, the black volcanic rocks at Lipari contrast with the whitewashed roofs of the houses.

Standing on the Belvedere Quattrocchi, a rocky platform suspended above the stacks, visitors can enjoy a panoramic view of the archipelago.

Along the village's central street you'll find Da Bartolo, a restaurant serving delicious local fish specialties.

Get here by ferryboat from Naples, Palermo or Messina.

One of Sardinia's top spots, this is the biggest island in the Mediterranean's Maddalena archipelago.

The coral beaches of Budelli and Spargi atolls can be reached by boat.

The pinkish granite rock (some of which was used to build the Statue of Liberty) makes the picturesque fishermen's village -- dubbed "Little Paris" -- glitter at sunset.

The panoramic road that circles the isle takes in several old military forts.

The island is famous for its nightlife: Bar Milano offers food at all hours and DJ music.

How to get here: fly into Olbia airport or port (from the mainland), then ferry from Palau.

Where life imitates postcards.

White sand, palms, shallow turquoise waters -- welcome to Italy's Maldives.

Closest airport: Palermo, then a two-hour drive by car or bus.

Editor's note: This article was previously published in 2013. It was reformatted and republished in 2017.

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Italy's best beaches and islands - CNN

Mayflower Beach arrests tipping point for angry residents – Cape Cod Times (subscription)

Dennis selectmen to create committee to address town beach conditions.

SOUTH DENNIS About 60 people crowded into the meeting room at Dennis Town Hall on Tuesday night to voice concerns about the condition of town beaches after a Fourth of July incident brought national media attention to Mayflower Beach.

In response, the Board of Selectmen decided to create a committee made up of residents, police and members of the Beach Department to discuss solutions to these problems. The selectmen will provide more information about this committee at their next meeting.

Dennis police arrested five teenagers on the holiday after four allegedly were seen having sex in the water and a fifth repeatedly ignored police orders to leave the area. An officer suspected they had been drinking alcohol. The incident attracted a crowd, and a video posted on Twitter of the teens being arrested while onlookers chanted USA! went viral.

Angry residents at the meeting said they believed Dennis beaches have become increasingly more rowdy, and the July 4 episode was the tipping point.

This is not a new problem, William Savicki, of Dennis, said. What youre seeing happen on July Fourth is the culmination of a problem which has escalated for the past 12 years.

Residents said they were horrified by what happened, and worried that Dennis beaches would develop a bad reputation.

An image has been created for the bayside beaches, said Wendy Thurmond, who started an online petition to encourage local authorities to crack down on illegal activity at town beaches. Im so embarrassed as a property owner. We made international news.

Four of the teenagers 19-year-olds Julianna Murphy, of Penfield, New York; Stephen Cerrone, of Quechee, Vermont; Lukas Kaminski, of Hopkinton, and 18-year-old Molly Hines of Penfield, New York were each arrested on a charge of disorderly conduct, and appeared in Orleans District Court last week. Judge Robert Welsh III agreed to postpone their arraignments for at least six months while they participate in a program for youthful offenders.A 17-year-old was ordered to appear in juvenile court this week, but the criminal records of juveniles are not publicly available.

Police ramped up their presence on Dennis beaches after the incident, and last weekend, monitors checked every cooler and bag that went onto a beach for alcohol, which is prohibited on town beaches.

After the incident we had all hands on deck, Beach and Recreation Director Dustin Pineau said. Everybody was working for the entire weekend.

Underage drinking, drug use, traffic congestion, overcrowding and beachgoers getting dropped off at the beach rather than paying for parking are major issues at Dennis beaches, according to residents who spoke Tuesday night. Some residents said the presence of drunken people and drug dealers on and near town beaches caused their children to be afraid of going to the beach.

Paul McCormick, chairman of the Board of Selectmen, said Wednesday that the increasing popularity of beaches such as Mayflower was a double-edged sword for Dennis. Although the influx of tourists is good for the local economy, the large crowds can lead to incidents such as the one on July 4, he said.

Its part of whats been going on in society, he said. It has a lot to do with people liking to see more outlandish behavior, and it just is part of a norm today that didnt exist maybe in the past. And of course its all captured on a phone.

But town officials are determined to do what they can to prevent another scene such as this one, which has caused much distress among residents, he said.

Its unfortunate that one really bad incident makes people feel that way, but I believe the beaches are still wholesome and popular places to go, he said.

Follow Madeleine List on Twitter: @madeleine_list.

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Mayflower Beach arrests tipping point for angry residents - Cape Cod Times (subscription)

Palm Beaches Marathon to run on Palm Beach – WPEC

PALM BEACH, Fla. (CBS12)

For the first time the Palm Beaches Marathon will be run on Palm Beach. The island's council approved the race to run over the Flagler Bridge, wind south along the Cocoanut Row bike trail, then cutting down to the Lake Trail, before crossing back at the Royal Park Bridge. Honda Classic Executive Director Ken Kennerly has taken over the race this year. The race will be run on December 3rd.

In a release, Kennerly said: "Palm Beach is one of the most iconic and desirable places in the world and the opportunity to include the island in the new course is an enormous enhancement for local runners, those who will visit from around the country and for the race. Raising the bar of this race is my premier goal as Palm Beach and Palm Beach County deserve the very best. I can't thank the Town Council enough for its belief in our vision.

"We employed the same strategy when I took over The Honda Classic, which has seen enormous growth and recognition as becoming one of the premier events on the PGA TOUR. Being able to include Palm Beach island in a segment of the FITTEAM Palm Beaches Marathon is a big step in the right direction toward our efforts to create an elite International running experience."

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Palm Beaches Marathon to run on Palm Beach - WPEC

Unguarded beaches fuel parental concern – KARE

Solvejg Wastvedt - MPR , KARE 1:46 PM. CDT July 12, 2017

There was no life guard on duty last weekend when a 5-year-old boy drowned at a beach on Carver Lake in Woodbury. (Photo: KARE)

WOODBURY, Minn. - When a 5-year-old boy drowned at a Woodbury beach last weekend, there wasn't a lifeguard around.

That's the case at swimming spots around the state. Minnesota beaches are increasingly going without lifeguards, which means parents and other adults need to know how to keep children safe around the water.

"The trends in that most waterfronts, whether it be lakes or rivers, state parks, some of the bigger county parks do not have lifeguards on duty," Woodbury Park and Recreation Director Bob Klatt said. "Whereas if you're at pay facilities, it's typically the case that there are lifeguards there."

Stock image (Photo: KARE)

Carver Lake, where the boy drowned, used to be lifeguarded, Klatt said. But in 2009, it was converted from a fenced-in, paid facility to a free area.

Klatt said that was partly a budget decision for the city entrance fees weren't covering the cost of lifeguards. However, he said beach usage has increased since cutting the fees.

Woodbury doesn't plan to change the no-lifeguard practice, Klatt said, and it isn't alone.

Minneapolis parks and recreation has lifeguards at eight of its 12 beaches.

Three Rivers Park District discontinued beach lifeguards in 2002 for budget reasons, a spokesperson said, and it doesn't plan to bring the guards back either.

But for some parents, lifeguarding shouldn't be about the money.

"Having a lifeguard out here wouldn't be that much of an expense really," said parent Cory Albert, "and I think the funding could be there and I don't see why it's not."

NewsCut: 'There's a lot of money in Woodbury ... But not enough for a lifeguard'

One recent day, Albert took his daughters to Carver Lake to swim near the posted signs reading, "Swim at your own risk." He made them wear arm floaties, which he said is a must for safety.

Still, he said he wishes there was extra protection at the beach. "I think there should be a lifeguard here, especially because it's kind of remote, it takes a little while to get to, and it would be safer if there was someone obviously here."

On the other end of the beach, Shiloh Clamons disagreed, saying that lifeguards' rules can be "ridiculous."

Clamons, a daycare provider, noted that she's watching her kids, too.

"If there's a lifeguard or not a lifeguard, it's always the responsibility of the adult that brings the child to always have an eye on the child that's swimming," she said.

However, Clamons said it bothers her that not everyone has the same access she did to learning about water safety.

Clamons grew up in Minnesota. But families who are new arrivals to the U.S. as immigrants or refugees may not have experience with lakes and beaches.

A recent USA Swimming Foundation study of five southern U.S. cities found wide disparities in swimming ability by race and income level.

For anyone taking care of kids in the water, Three Rivers Park District media specialist Tom Knisely has a simple tip: watch them.

Choking on water is like choking on food, Knisley said. Drowning victims can't talk, Knisley said, so you need to watch not just listen.

"Drowning is silent. People have this impression that it's like in the movies, 'Help me, help me I'm drowning I'm drowning,' and that they'll be able to hear whether their child is in distress or not. That's not the way it happens."

MPR

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Unguarded beaches fuel parental concern - KARE

Astronomers just discovered the smallest star ever – Astronomy Magazine

A team of astronomers at the University of Cambridge was on the lookout for new exoplanets when they came across an exciting accidental discovery: They found the smallest star measured to this day.

This tiny new star, which is being called EBLM J0555-57Ab, is about 600 light-years from Earth, and has a comparable mass (85 Jupiter masses) to the estimated mass of TRAPPST-1. The new star, though, has a radius about 30 percent smaller. Like TRAPPIST-1, EBLM J0555-57Ab is likely an ultracool M-dwarf star.

The team used data from an experiment called WASP (the Wide Angle Search for Planets), which is typically used in the search for planets rather than stars, to look for new exoplanets. During their studies, they noticed a consistent dimming of EBLM J0555-57Abs parent star, which signified an object in orbit. Through further research to measure the mass of any orbiting companions, they discovered the object theyd detected was too massive to be a planet it was instead a tiny star.

Though EBLM J0555-57Ab is incredibly small, it still has enough mass for hydrogen fusion, which powers the Sun and makes it Earths energy source. Just barely bigger than Saturn, the star has a gravitational pull 300 times stronger than Earths. If the star were much smaller (about 83 Jupiter masses), there wouldnt be enough pressure in its center for the process to occur, and it would instead have formed as a brown dwarf, rather than a true star.

The team plans to use this newly discovered star to better understand planets orbiting stars. Details of this discovery will be published in the Astronomy & Astrophysics journal.

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Astronomers just discovered the smallest star ever - Astronomy Magazine

Heart of an exploded star observed in 3D – Astronomy Now Online

Remnant of Supernova 1987A as seen by ALMA. Purple area indicates emission from SiO molecules. Yellow area is emission from CO molecules. The blue ring is Hubble data that has been artificially expanded into 3D. Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO); R. Indebetouw; NASA/ESA Hubble

Supernovas the violent endings of the brief yet brilliant lives of massive stars are among the most cataclysmic events in the cosmos. Though supernovas mark the death of stars, they also trigger the birth of new elements and the formation of new molecules.

In February of 1987, astronomers witnessed one of these events unfold inside the Large Magellanic Cloud, a tiny dwarf galaxy located approximately 163,000 light-years from Earth.

Over the next 30 years, observations of the remnant of that explosion revealed never-before-seen details about the death of stars and how atoms created in those stars like carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen spill out into space and combine to form new molecules and dust. These microscopic particles may eventually find their way into future generations of stars and planets.

Recently, astronomers used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to probe the heart of this supernova, named SN 1987A. ALMAs ability to see remarkably fine details allowed the researchers to produce an intricate 3D rendering of newly formed molecules inside the supernova remnant. These results are published in theAstrophysical Journal Letters.

The researchers also discovered a variety of previously undetected molecules in the remnant. These results appear in theMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

When this supernova exploded, now more than 30 years ago, astronomers knew much less about the way these events reshape interstellar space and how the hot, glowing debris from an exploded star eventually cools and produces new molecules, said Rmy Indebetouw, an astronomer at the University of Virginia and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in Charlottesville. Thanks to ALMA we can finally see cold star dust as it forms, revealing important insights into the original star itself and the way supernovas create the basic building blocks of planets.

Supernovas Star Death to Dust Birth

Prior to ongoing investigations of SN 1987A, there was only so much astronomers could say about the impact of supernovas on their interstellar neighborhoods.

It was well understood that massive stars, those approximately 10 times the mass of our sun or more, ended their lives in spectacular fashion.

When these stars run out of fuel, there is no longer enough heat and energy to fight back against the force of gravity. The outer reaches of the star, once held up by the power of fusion, then come crashing down on the core with tremendous force. The rebound of this collapse triggers a powerful explosion that blasts material into space.

As the endpoint of massive stars, scientists have learned that supernovas have far-reaching effects on their home galaxies. To get a better understanding of these effects, Indebetouw helps break down the impact of these star-shattering events. The reason some galaxies have the appearance that they do today is in large part because of the supernovas that have occurred in them, he said. Though less than ten percent of stars become supernovas, they nonetheless are key to the evolution of galaxies.

Throughout the observable universe, supernovas are quite common, but since they appear on average about once every 50 years in a galaxy the size of the Milky Way, astronomers have precious few opportunities to study one from its first detonation to the point where it cools enough to form new molecules. Though SN 1987A is not in our home galaxy, it is still close enough for ALMA and other telescopes to study in fine detail.

Capturing 3D Image of SN1987A with ALMA

For decades, radio, optical, and even X-ray observatories have studied SN 1987A, but obscuring dust in the remnant made it difficult to analyze the supernovas innermost core. ALMAs ability to observe at millimeter wavelengths a region of the electromagnetic spectrum between infrared and radio light make it possible to see through the intervening dust and gas. The researchers were then able to study the abundance and location of newly formed molecules especially silicon monoxide (SiO) and carbon monoxide (CO), which shine brightly at the short submillimeter wavelengths that ALMA can perceive.

The new ALMA image and animation show vast new stores of SiO and CO in discrete, tangled clumps within the core of SN 1987A. Scientists previously modeled how and where these molecules would appear. With ALMA, the researchers finally were able to capture images with high enough resolution to confirm the structure inside the remnant and test those models.

Aside from obtaining this 3D image of SN 1987A, the ALMA data also reveal compelling details about how its physical conditions have changed and continue to change over time. These observations also provide insights into the physical instabilities inside a supernova.

New Insights from SN 1987A

Earlier observations with ALMA verified that SN 1987A produced amassive amount of dust. The new observations provide even more details on how the supernova made the dust as well as the type of molecules found in the remnant.

One of our goals was to observe SN 1987A in a blind search for other molecules, said Indebetouw. We expected to find carbon monoxide and silicon monoxide, since we had previously detected these molecules. The astronomers, however, were excited to find the previously undetected molecules formyl cation (HCO+) and sulfur monoxide (SO).

These molecules had never been detected in a young supernova remnant before, noted Indebetouw. HCO+ is especially interesting because its formation requires particularly vigorous mixing during the explosion. Stars forge elements in discrete onion-like layers. As a star goes supernova, these once well-defined bands undergo violent mixing, helping to create the environment necessary for molecule and dust formation.

The astronomers estimate that about 1 in 1000 silicon atoms from the exploded star is now found in free-floating SiO molecules. The overwhelming majority of the silicon has already been incorporated into dust grains. Even the small amount of SiO that is present is 100 times greater than predicted by dust-formation models. These new observations will aid astronomers in refining their models.

These observations also find that ten percent or more of the carbon inside the remnant is currently in CO molecules. Only a few out of every million carbon atoms are in HCO+ molecules.

New Questions and Future Research

Even though the new ALMA observations shed important light on SN 1987A, there are still several questions that remain. Exactly how abundant are the molecules of HCO+and SO? Are there other molecules that have yet to be detected? How will the 3D structure of SN 1987A continue to change over time?

Future ALMA observations at different wavelengths may also help determine what sort of compact object a pulsar or neutron star resides at the center of the remnant. The supernova likely created one of these dense stellar objects, but as yet none has been detected.

The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation, operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.

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Heart of an exploded star observed in 3D - Astronomy Now Online

AstroFest to present four nights of stargazing, space exploration – The Daily Collegian Online

From simulated gooey alien planet surfaces to open telescope viewings on the Davey Lab roof, Penn State's Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics will offer an interactive perspective on the science of astronomy when it hosts the 18th Annual AstroFest.

AstroFest came to life 18 years ago when Nahks Tr'Ehnl was still a Penn State student double majoring in art and astronomy. Tr'Ehnl said he and a few other classmates were in town for the summer and decided to incorporate a festival of astronomy at the same time as the Central Pennsylvania Festival of the Arts.

"Several members of the astronomy club just happened to be here in town for the summer and thought it would be nice to have an open house," Tr'Ehnl said. "I wanted to tie in both art and astronomy. Then, things just started to pick up from there."

Between Wednesday, July 12 and Saturday, July 15, the fifth floor of Davey Lab will be open from 8:30 p.m. to 11:30 p.m. to the community for free. Participants will have the opportunity to stargaze the night sky after 10 p.m. on the roof of Davey Lab and, if the weather permits, viewers should get the opportunity to see Jupiter, Saturn, the Ring Nebula and Globular Cluster M13, among others.

Festivalgoers can also watch cosmic rays pass through a cloud chamber, participate in their own bottle rocket launchings, and play an astronomy video game featured in Penn State's Astro 001 course.

Tr'Ehnl, who was also the co-creator of the video game, said the video game could help people understand astronomy better.

"As a subject, astronomy is mainly visual, as far as observational astronomy goes," Tr'Ehnl said. "Videogames are produced in a 3-dimensional format which helps demonstrate spatial relations between stars and planets to offer viewers a different perspective."

According to AstroFest co-founder Jane Charlton, who is also a professor in the Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, the festival will host 14 different astronomy-related presentations which will each last 30 minutes long. Presentation topics will vary from the solar eclipse, expected on Aug. 21, to black holes.

"People come all four nights and don't repeat a single thing," Charlton said. "We always have new demonstrations every year because of new volunteers, and that's what keeps me going."

Other activities featured during the four-night activities will include astronomy origami, also known as "astrogami, planetarium shows, finding habitable zone planets and an astronomy idol competition.

"I want it to be a mini Disney world of astronomy," Charlton said. "Showing people outside of the Penn State community about astronomy is important, and most of them always seem to be have a good time."

Tr'Ehnl said that people go to AstroFest during the busy week because they are curious as to what's going on in the science community.

"[AstroFest] is a very important way for people to see what astronomers do and feel a connection to it, TrEhnl said. That this is what funding for science comes from, what results come from NASA and why we as taxpayers are impacted by it. All these things that you may hear on the news and TV are a chance to get hands-on with it and get to ask direct questions to the people who do the science."

Chris Palma, another professor in the Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, said the department hosts AstroFest every year because they want people to get excited about astronomy.

"Astronomy is a popular science, Palma said. Its all on TV, which is why we all feel an obligation to help run programs like AstroFest. If I want people to get anything out of AstroFest, I just want them to have a good time."

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AstroFest to present four nights of stargazing, space exploration - The Daily Collegian Online