‘Blind’ Director Addresses Backlash Over Casting Alec Baldwin And Not Disabled Actor In Lead Role – Deadline

EDITORS NOTE: Michael Mailer, director of the Alec Baldwin-starring film Blind that opens today,was criticized this month by the nonprofit Ruderman Family Foundation for casting an actor who was not actually blind as the lead. (In the Vertical Entertainment film, Baldwin playsBill Oakland, a novelist who lost both his wife and his eyesight in a car accident.) The foundations goal is to fight for the self-representation of people with disabilities on both big and little screen. Said president Jay Ruderman in a statement July 5: Alec Baldwin in Blindis just the latest example of treating disability as a costume. We no longer find it acceptable for white actors to portray black characters. Disability as a costume needs to also become universally unacceptable. While Mailer the son of Norman Mailer who is making his directorial debut with the movie recognizes the good work of the foundation, he takes issue with its viewpoint. Here is his response, which he titled Where Does Political Correctness End and Cultural Fascism Begin?

My soon-to-be-released film Blind was recently criticized by the Ruderman Family Foundation, a disabled advocacy organization, for casting Alec Baldwin in the role of a partially blind man. Their objection is that Alec is not actually blind. In its statement in the July 5th Los Angeles Times, the Foundation accuses the film of crip-face, (a takeoff on blackface). Not only is such a statement unhelpful to disabled advocacy, it also in effect discredits Academy Award-winning performances over decades by the likes of Daniel Day-Lewis in My Left Foot, Jamie Foxx in Ray, Jon Voight in Coming Home, Al Pacino in Scent Of A Woman, and Eddie Redmayne in The Theory Of Everything to name just a few.

Denigrating these actors and films is both ignorant and unfair. I have always said no movie particularly an independent one ever wants to get made. It must be dragged, kicking and screaming, into production. In order to greenlight an independent film, one must attract a name actor for a fraction of a studio paycheck if there is to be any chance at getting the film financed. And while Im sure there are many talented, vision-impaired actors out there, I do not currently know of any who have the marquee appeal needed to get even a modestly budgeted film made. Such are the realities of film financing today. If Jay Ruderman had his way, none of the above-mentioned movies, including mine, would ever have been produced; these inspiring stories that delve into the aspirations and empowerment of the disabled, would not be told, and our cultural horizons would surely be dimmer.

This situation also speaks to the larger forces governing political correctness, which have become so poisonous as to ossify any helpful and progressive cultural discourse. If political correctness can be used as a cudgel to attack the very freedoms of expression the United States so cherishes, how can such a notion protect against the clear and present countervailing forces of brutishness that succeed in destroying advances in human rights. My father Norman Mailer, an active voice against the fascistic tendencies present in Americas oft-fragile democracy, wrote many novels set in lands to which he had no physical or hereditary relationship. Because he was not Egyptian or German by birth, did he have no business writing about ancient Egypt and Hitlers youth? Art and political correctness rarely mix. And thats kind of the point. But when the requirement to be PC stifles freedom of expression, a line has been crossed.

As a producer-director, I would welcome an expanded pool of talent and greater opportunity to work with the disabled. (In fact, a number of disabled people were cast in speaking and background roles in Blind.) So rather than attempt to score cheap media points by going after talented actors like Alec Baldwin who was simply excited by the professional challenge of playing a disabled character why doesnt the Ruderman Family Foundation focus on creating constructive dialogue and programs to advance actors who suffer from disabilities.

I applaud the good work they do. There are bigger fish to fry than my little film.

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'Blind' Director Addresses Backlash Over Casting Alec Baldwin And Not Disabled Actor In Lead Role - Deadline

Former employees of multiplex arrested for cloning cards at … – Hindustan Times

Four persons, including three former employees of PVR cinemas in Gurgaon, were arrested by Gurgaon police for allegedly cloning credit and debit cards of customers who visited the theatres.

The accused are suspected to have cloned around 45 to 50 cards of customers and siphoned off an amount of Rs20 to Rs25 lakhs of customers who visited the theatres located on two malls on MG Road, the police said on Friday.

The accused have been identified as Ajay Raghav, Sanjay Jat, Rahul Yadav and Sonajeet. They took note of ATM pin numbers of customers and later used it to withdraw cash from the cards cloned by them. Raghav, Jat, and Yadav worked in the mulitplexes.

Two ATM card readers, one card cloning machine, one laptop and few cloned cards were recovered from the accused. The accused have been sent on three days police remand for further questioning.

The machines are easily available online at a very low price, police said.

A few days earlier, a similar racket was unearthed inDelhi where an employee of Farzi cafe in Connaught Place was caught by police for cloning cards.

Sumit Kuhar, deputy commissioner of police (crime), said that Ajay Raghav, a resident of Mathura in UP,was the kingpin of the gang and was arrested from Mathura.

Raghav got to know that police was after him so he had shifted his accommodation. He is married and used the stolen money for familys expenses, said Kuhar.

Raghavs arrest and unraveling of the gang came after a Gurgaon resident Dhrishti Bhasin complained at Sector 56 police station that someone had withdrawn Rs50,000 from her account using a debit card on May 25.

The matter was referred to the Cyber crime cell, which formed a team under cell in-charge inspector Anand Kumar that started identifying the ATMs from where the cash was being withdrawn.

After sustained investigation, the police was able to identify Sanjay Jat, a resident from Alwar in Rajasthan, and arrested him from his brothers house in south city 2, said Kuhar.

On questioning, Jat spilled the beans and this led to the arrest of others including Raghav, Sonajeet who lives in DLF phase 4, and Rahul Yadav who is from Kosli in Rewari.

It is being suspected that there are more members involved in the fraud, who used to steal ATM pin numbers from different locations. Police is also on the look out of a person, who had taught card cloning to Jat, which led to his entry into this trade.

The accused have been arrested in a case registered at sector 56 police station under section 379 (theft), 420 (fraud), and 120b (criminal conspiracy) of IPC and section 66 of the IT Act.

A representative of the PVR cinemas said that officials authorised to speak to the media were not available.

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Former employees of multiplex arrested for cloning cards at ... - Hindustan Times

Multiplex workers in card cloning racket – Times of India – Times of India

GURUGRAM: A four-member gang of cyber criminals, in their early-to-mid 20s, who cheated many people by cloning credit and debit cards, was busted on Friday. The accused had duped around 50 people of over Rs 20 lakh in total, in only the last three months, by employing a unique trick, police said.

The mastermind, Raghav, was employed at the canteen of a multiplex at DT City Centre Mall, Sector 29, not too long ago. One of his accomplices was currently working there. Police have recovered a laptop and three electronic gadgets, which they used to clone plastic cards.

The accused had bought the card reader and card writer on an e-commerce website for Rs 27,000 and then used them to dupe many unwary customers of lakhs of rupees. All four were produced in a city court today. Police have taken them on four days remand for questioning.

The cyber crime cell was alerted following the complaint of Gurgaon-resident Drishti Bhasin, who alleged that Rs 50,000 had been fraudulently withdrawal from her account using her debit card. Following the leads provided by the cyber crime team, headed by inspector Anand Kumar, crime branch arrested the accused Sanjay, resident of Mundawar village, Alwar district, Rajasthan; Rahul Yadav, resident of Kosli village, Rewari district; Sonajeet, resident of Gurgaon and Ajay Raghav, resident of Mathura district, UP.

During interrogation, the accused revealed so far, they had cloned over 50 debit and credit cards, and duped many people in the NCR of a total of over Rs 20 lakh.

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Multiplex workers in card cloning racket - Times of India - Times of India

First gene-edited cloned dog may open gates to more cloning and … – Genetic Literacy Project

Last week, Beijing-based biotech company Sinogene introduced Longlong to the world, a cute beagle puppy that is the first dog ever cloned using gene-editing. Longlong was born from a surrogate mother on May 26th, and even though he looks and acts like any other puppy, hes genetically identical to another dog, 2-year-old Apple. Like Longlong, Apple was born in a laboratory and used to research human diseases.

Lai Liangxue, the lead scientist at Sinogene, thinks animal cloning, although controversial, is necessary for learning about human disease prevention. LaitoldSixth Tonethat Longlongs success means that Chinese biotech companies will be able to conduct biomedical research on their own clones which is also much cheaper than gene-editing.

Meanwhile, Shi Zhensheng, a researcher and professor at China Agriculture University, believes that cloning dogs will benefit both man and mans best friend. The gene-edited dogs have great advantages in helping scientists to research human medicine and genetic diseases, also promoting the study on veterinary medicine, he said, according toCGTN.

Several pet owners have already come forward, Zhao said, seeking to bring beloved family dogs back to life. In South Korea, this sort of thing costs up to $100,000. The cloning of Longlong cost the company 10 million yuan ($1.5 million), a price that Zhao hopes to cut significantly in the coming years.Our price will be half of that, he said. We hope to popularize [such cloning] for the public.

The GLP aggregated and excerpted this blog/article to reflect the diversity of news, opinion, and analysis. Read full, original post: Scientists show off worlds first dog cloned through gene-editing, hope to start producing pets in mass

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First gene-edited cloned dog may open gates to more cloning and ... - Genetic Literacy Project

How Donald Trump got human evolution wrong – Washington Post

By Holly Dunsworth By Holly Dunsworth July 14 at 7:00 AM

Human evolution has a public relations problem. That isnt just because some people are skeptical of science in general or because creationists reject the notion of evolution. As it is often studied and taught, human evolution can be male-biased and Eurocentric, even reeking of sexism and racism.

This evolutionary tale from PresidentTrump, with help from a ghostwriter, in Think BIG and Kick Ass in Business and Life, illustrates the problem:

The women I have dated over the years could have any man they want; they are the top models and the most beautiful women in the world. I have been able to date (screw) them all because I have something that many men do not have. I don't know what it is but women have always liked it. So guys, be cocky, confident, smart, and humorous and you will be able to get all the women you want. We may live in houses in the suburbs but our minds and emotions are still only a short step out of the jungle. In primitive times, women clung to the strongest males for protection. They did not take any chances with a nobody, low-status male who did not have the means to house them, protect them, and feed them and their offspring. High-status males displayed their prowess through their kick-ass attitudes. They did not give a crap about what other people in the tribe thought. That kind of attitude was and still is associated with the kind of men women find attractive. It may not be politically correct to say but who cares. It is common sense and it's true and always will be.

This just-so story about men, women, sex and success may fit with many peoples impression of human evolution, but it contradicts the actual science.

First, simple genetic explanations dont exist for most complex behaviors. There are no known genes for kick-ass attitudes or wanting to have sex withsomeone who exhibits them. Further, its unlikely that Trump would exist had his ancestors not given a crap about what other people in the tribe thought. Prosociality cooperating with others, maintaining rich and mutually trustworthy relationships is humanitys bread and butter. Finally, althoughits true that we are primates descended from a long line of jungle-dwelling ancestors before they expanded into all kinds of habitats, its also true that evolution never stopped. Very little about us always will be.

Yet for all the missed beats and flat notes, its clear that Trumps tale is riffing on some outdated but persistent ideas in popular science.

[How to teach kids about climate change where most parents are skeptics]

In every human population around the world, men are on average larger and stronger than women, as is the case in most other primate species. This is often explained by sexual selection for male dominance, that is, male vs. male competition for mates. So, in the past, bigger, dominant males fought and scared away smaller ones and had more opportunities to mate with females. As a result of their relatively greater reproductive output, the genes of these males got passed on at a relatively higher rate than the genes of the smaller guys. This process was enhanced by female preference for making babies with these bigger, stronger, dominant males.

Traditional perspectives on human evolution such asthis one about men and womens body size and behavior have long dominated the science and its popular dissemination. But it deserves scrutiny.

Presenting a human evolutionary narrative over and over againin whichmale competition and female preference are the explanation for big, strong males is too narrow, too simple. It reminds me of when students claim that their B in my human evolution course is keeping them off the deans list, but their transcript isnt exactly straight As. Theres usually more to a story.

A more nuanced explanation for male dominance is less likely to lead anyone to conclude that patriarchy is hard-wired in our genes. Just look more carefully at nature, at the social sciences, the humanities, art, literature! Myriad biological and non-biological factors contribute to the development and persistence of the global phenomenon of how men are disproportionately powerful, and even more so if they belong to the ruling race, religion or clan.

Male baboons and chimpanzees coerce and harass females for sex and obviously male humans do, too, but thats not evidence for genetically hard-wired, male-dominant sexual behavior at all, let alone for it being at the root of the patriarchy. Imagine someone leaping from the observation that primates eat hand-to-mouth to the assumption that its a genetic cause of our growing waistlines. When it comes to sex, we can inadvertently make some atrocious leaps of evolutionary logic about any species, but most of all ourselves. Not only are all primates stellar social learners of good, bad and nifty behaviors, but this overly imaginative primate cant help but inject bias into making sense of it all. Shared behaviors of monkeys, apes and us are not excuses to be fatalistic about sexual harassment and assault by humans who have a much more complex culture in which to learn cooperative behavior and to enforce it. Yes, were primates, and were also humans.

It may be true that Trumps version of maleness is a result of natural and sexual selection, but every other version of maleness across the globe is just as much (or just as little) a product of evolution as is his. If we ask different questions, we reveal other facets of our evolutionary history.

[Humans are driving the evolution of new species]

Primatologist Sarah Hrdy in 1981 published one of many books toward a more complex and complete human evolutionary history called The Woman That Never Evolved. Using the same theoretical tools that scientists had used to build the male-driven explanation for male body size and male dominance, she flipped the question. She asked why so many females in the primate world werent as big as males or even bigger, since female primates compete, too.

Females do not coyly wait for a champion to earn the honor of having sex with them. They do not necessarily cling to males for defense any more than males do, and often such clinging is just a warped description of male dominance over smaller females. Only some of the facts of nonhuman primate behavior are gathered, even fewer are published, and when they are, human bias factors into their interpretation. What we have is only part of the story.

Evolutionary theory has grown up since its conception. Based on mountains of observations of genes and traits over generations, evolutionary scientists have developed much more skepticism toward explanations that lean too dogmatically onnatural or sexual selection. Scientists increasingly resist the temptation to assume that everything evolved for asingle or specificreason, and that everything must exist because it boosted the survival and reproduction of those who passed it on. We know that perpetual mutation and the chance of passing along (or not passing along) traits occurs within complex cooperative systems with constant biological change.

The biological changes that matter most often have to do with embryological development rather than beating the competition to food, safety, or mates.We know that natural and sexual selection permit constant change,are usually very weak, and tolerate a lot of variation. This view of life is household thinking for many scientists and scholars, but it has hardly made its way out to the public. Why not?

We seem to be stuck on an old story thatis less than what we deserve. Maybe its because some analyses trying to break the male-biased mold are dismissed as feminism, which is still widely assumed to be incompatible with the scientific pursuit of knowledge. Maybe its a thirst for American narratives where exceptional individuals are being specially selected. Maybe its because when a persons autobiography is largely a quest to get laid, their biography for our species cant help but echo that.

[Is the eclipse moving bacward?]

But there are billions of human experiences, all equally worthy of influencing evolutionary thinking.

Like most girls, I reached my maximum height years before my male friends did. What I have learned as a biological anthropologist suggests that physiological constraints on growth could help explain why women stop getting taller right around the time we start regular menstrual cycles, a costly metabolic process that could divert resources away from height. Pregnancy and lactation are even costlier, so womens smaller bodies may boost but also betray their talent for metabolic marathons. There could be a similar explanation for why men do not grow even bigger than they do, as we might expect after generations of kick-ass attitudes. Furthermore, male dominance may be much more the result of their bigger bodies than the cause. Anthropologist Ruth Benedict summed it up long ago by writing, The trouble with life isn't that there is no answer,it's that there are so many answers.

Human evolution is for everyone, Trump included. We each take our species origin story personally. Evolution may as well be a gigantic Rorschach test, and that goes for the scientists, too. Some see the competition and identify with its battle cry survival of the fittest, while others see infinite cooperation despite constant change. Perspectives on evolution vary wildly among experts and nonexperts alike, but too few are aware of it. So lets flood the texts, the classrooms, the campfire circles, the zeitgeist with diverse stories from diverse perspectives on the science of human evolution.

Without diverse lives contributing to the science, our evolutionary stories will remain simplistic and woefully incomplete. And when translated in the public sphere, our myopic stories are too often used to justify self-interest and the status quo, such asgender inequality and racism. Trump made this too garish to ignore any longer.

Science has a diversity problem. There was passionate debate before the March for Science about whether it should be explicitly political and whether it should include diversity and inclusion among its chief causes. Beyond the many impacts of these issues on human lives, there are also very real consequences for the knowledge that humans create. Diversifying the brains, bodies and voices of science means better science, better understanding of how the world works. Perhaps they will generate questions about human evolution that no one thought to ask.

Holly Dunsworth is an associate professor of anthropology at the University of Rhode Island.

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How Donald Trump got human evolution wrong - Washington Post

Statue of ‘Scopes monkey trial’ evolution backer unveiled – WYFF Greenville

DAYTON, Tenn. (AP)

The Tennessee town known for the famed 1925 "Scopes monkey trial" saw no protesters Friday as it unveiled a statue of the lawyer who argued for evolution near a sculpture of his creationism-advocating legal rival.

About 75 people were on hand at the Rhea County Courthouse in Dayton as officials revealed the statue of skeptic Clarence Darrow, who argued for evolution. His likeness stands on the opposite side of the courthouse from a 2005 statue of William Jennings Bryan, the Christian defender of biblical creationism.

Though pockets of opposition to the statue exist due to religious objections, no protesters showed at Friday's ceremony for the sculpture championed by atheists. Some attendees donned 1920s-era garb for the festivities.

The new statue hasn't drawn teeming crowds like the ones that forced some 1925 trial proceedings to be moved outdoors. Historians say the trial started as a publicity stunt for the small town, and it succeeded in grabbing plenty of national headlines.

The one small hitch Friday had nothing to do with public backlash - the group had trouble peeling off the black cloth that covered the statue. Former Star Trek actor John de Lancie used an umbrella to help pry it off the Darrow sculpture's head.

Philadelphia-based sculptor Zenos Frudakis crafted the Darrow statue, funded largely by $150,000 from the Freedom from Religion Foundation. The group said the project would remedy the imbalance of Bryan standing alone.

Historians say the trial came about after local leaders convinced John Thomas Scopes, a 24-year-old high school teacher, to answer the American Civil Liberties Union's call for someone who could help challenge Tennessee's law that banned teaching evolution. He was found guilty but didn't spend time in jail.

Bryan, a three-time Democratic candidate for president, died just five days after the trial ended.

Formally known as Tennessee vs. John Thomas Scopes, the case was immortalized in songs, books, plays and movies.

The unveiling Friday helped kicked off Dayton's annual Scopes Trial festival, a 10-day event featuring a theatrical production.

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Statue of 'Scopes monkey trial' evolution backer unveiled - WYFF Greenville

Download of the day Evolution – TechRadar

Evolution invites you to construct simple stick creatures, then leave them to their own devices and let them learn how to walk. You can play it in your browser, but if you want to save your creations you'll need to download the desktop version (available for Windows and Mac).

Create joints, then link them with bones, then connect muscles to the bones. Once you think you have something worthy of the gift of life, select how many of the creatures should be in each generation, select an action (running, jumping, obstacle jump or climbing), then click Evolve.

At first, your poor creatures will probably collapse in an undignified heap, but the most successful member of each generation will be used to spawn the next, and after several iterations hopefully theyll evolve into something capable of locomotion as they learn how to use their muscles to best effect.

My creature a hideous tangle of muscle and bone began by flailing and twitching like a stick man wrapped in a bungee cord, but eventually developed a kind of bouncy walk, using momentum from its horrible limbs to propel itself forward. Nothing as co-ordinated as actually walking, but satisfying nonetheless.

Download here: Evolution

Download of the Day is our pick of the best free software around whether it's useful, fun, or just plain silly. If you have any recommendations, please send them to downloads@techradar.com.

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Download of the day Evolution - TechRadar

Grandma’s insomnia might be a product of evolution | Popular Science – Popular Science

If your sleep is getting worse with age, evolution might be to blame.

A study recently published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B found that humans' age-specific sleep patterns may have evolved to protect mixed-age groups from potential danger in the night. And in this scenario, the elderly members of these groups may have drawn the short strawtheir restless sleep made them perfect for the night watch.

Looking at sleep patterns is really relevant not only to basic science, but also to increasing our understanding of cross-cultural sleep, says Alyssa Crittenden, a study co-author and assistant professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. It provides crucial clues of how species evolved.

The study was conducted among the Hadza people, a hunter-gatherer group in Tanzania. They traditionally sleep outside, without the technology many of us now use to stay comfortable while we snoozefrom air conditioning to a roof over our heads to shield us from the rain. Crittenden has studied the Hadza for 13 years, and she emphasizes the people arent relics of the past. They are as modern and contemporary as you and me, she says. But when it comes to sleep, their chosen environment is unusually similar to that of our ancestorsso they make excellent study subjects.

Most human sleep research has been in sleep labs in Western societies, says first author David Samson, who was a postdoctoral fellow at Duke University at the time of the study and is currently an assistant professor at the University of Toronto, Mississauga. Its not a great model, they go from one temperature- and light-controlled room to another.

The researchers studied Hadza adults ranging from those in their late teens to the elderly. While the subjects slept, they each wore an actigraph, which Samson describes as a super Fitbit. Much like its commercial analog, the device is worn on the subjects wrist and can tell if they are asleep or awake based on activity. But the actigraph also has extra capabilities, like measuring the amount of light in the environment, and it can withstand much harsher conditions.

From the actigraph data, the researchers characterized each subjects sleep pattern: when they were sleeping or awake, and how long each period lasted. Some people were lighter sleepers who regularly woke up throughout the night, others slept undisturbed all night; there were subjects that went to bed early and woke up early, while other subjects tended to sleep later in the night and into the morning.

By layering the sleep patterns of all the subjects, they found that over the course of 20 nights, there were only 18 one-minute intervals when all the subjects were asleep at once. At any given time during the night, almost 40 percent of the Hadza were awake (or sleeping lightly) while the rest slept deeply. This lines up with the sentinel hypothesis, a pre-existing idea that having a variety of sleep patterns provided humans with an evolutionarily advantage. If groups of people had varying sleep patterns, they could more easily rest without being vulnerableand they'd all be more likely to survive and successfully reproduce, allowing the mismatched sleep patterns to persist in future populations. The sentinel hypothesis has never been tested in humans before, Crittenden says.

The biological roots of these patterns lie in circadian rhythms, the internal clock that dictates our behavior at any given time of day. Are you an early bird? A night owl? Well, those are actual biological characteristics, known as chronotypes (scientists actually use lark and owl to describe the two extremes). They can even be inherited. Chronotypes encapsulate the unique ways that each of our individual circadian rhythms drive our sleep behavior.

In this study, the researchers compared the subjects chronotypes with demographic variables, and only one seemed to be linked: age. Older subjects were, as the proverb says, "early to bed and early to rise"the lark chronotypeand they tended to wake up frequently during the night. The Hadza don't have official guards posted at night, but since older individuals were more likely to be awake, Crittenden says, they were more likely to be functioning as sentinelsif not in any official capacity. Their wakefulness made them the most likely ones to be alerted to danger.

People have thought about the evolutionary role of elders in human society before, in what is known as the grandmother hypothesis. It suggests that women live beyond their reproductive yearsa trait unique to humans, killer whales, and pilot whalesbecause they play an important role in their familial group's survival. They can help care for grandchildren and teach them how to survive, allowing younger females to focus on reproducing. The researchers expanded that idea to coin the poorly sleeping grandparent hypothesis: In mixed-age groups, grandmothersor grandparents in generalmay sleep discontinuously so that they can remain alert to potential dangers while their offspring rest.

According to Samson, this finding could provide an important new perspective on how people think about and stigmatize insomnia, a condition that is very common among older peoplealmost half of adults over the age of 60 report having trouble sleeping.

It may normalize things we consider to be disorders, Samson says. We tend to label things as a disorder if they dont match up with normal parameters. But insomnia may be an evolutionary mismatch with the modern context.

It could also impact how insomnia is treated in the elderly. For example, cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to be effective in treating insomnia: By identifying the cause of the insomnia, people are able to effectively manage it. Explaining the evolutionary origins of insomnia could play a similar role in treatment.

This was the first study of the sentinel hypothesis in humans, but it wont be the last. Samson and Crittenden hope to study sleep in populations around the world, ranging from rainforests to the Arctic, and compile the results into a global sleep database. If the patterns hold, then they might actually be able to show that the sentinel hypothesis is at play among humans, Crittenden says.

It could help us ask and answer questions about how humans adapted to different ecological niches around the world, Samson says.

So, kids, the next time your parents wonder why you dont wake up earlier, just remind them that you evolved to be this waygetting up early is grandmas job.

The rest is here:

Grandma's insomnia might be a product of evolution | Popular Science - Popular Science

The Evolution of Change – CleanTechnica

Published on July 15th, 2017 | by Guest Contributor

July 15th, 2017 by Guest Contributor

Originally published on NexusMedia. ByJeremy Deaton

This is the last of five installments in aseriesabout clean energy.

Disruptive technologies may face terrific backlash, but eventually low cost and convenience prevail. Computers replaced typewriters. Cassettes replaced records. Cars replaced horses. And none of it happened overnight.

At the turn of the 20th century, most Americans thought of the automobile as a loud, costly, unreliable alternative to a horse. The country lacked paved streets and gas stations, and cars were prone to breaking down or crashing. The automobile was a toy for rich men willing to flirt with danger. For most everyone else, it was a terrible nuisance.

States passedonerous lawsto restrict car travel. Tennessee demanded drivers notify the authorities a week before taking a trip. Vermont required each car be ushered about by a person waving a red flag. InPennsylvania, a group of farmers pushed for a law to protect horses from cars. In case a horse is unwilling to pass an automobile on the road, it read, the driver of the car must take the machine apart as rapidly as possible and conceal the parts in the bushes.

Henry Ford next to a Model T. Source:Ford MotorCompany

In 1900, there were just8,000 carson the road. Then came Henry Ford, mass production, and the Model T. By 1910, Americans owned some 470,000 cars. By 1920, a staggering 9.2 million. Opposition faded, and the automobile became a staple of American life. Today, there is a car in every garage, a gas station on every block, and millions of miles of roads and highways stretching from coast to coast.

As Elon Musk, CEO ofTesla, accurately noted, When Henry Ford made cheap, reliable cars, people said, Nah, whats wrong with a horse? That was a huge bet he made, and it worked.

Unlike the automobile, clean energy is still in its adolescence, a period when falling costs and widespread adoption spur resistance from business leaders, policymakers, and the public. But, in time, wind and solar will grow and mature, deliver more jobs, more tax revenue, and smaller power bills. Like the automobile, they will become ubiquitous.

Change comes in fits and starts, meets resistance, and then happens all at once. As Henry Ford said, We have only started with the development of our countrywe have not as yet, with all our talk of wonderful progress, done more than scratch the surface.

Read the rest of thisseriesfrom Nexus Media.

Jeremy Deaton writes forNexus Media, a syndicated newswire covering climate, energy, policy, art and culture. You can follow him@deaton_jeremy.

Check out our new 93-page EV report, based on over 2,000 surveys collected from EV drivers in 49 of 50 US states, 26 European countries, and 9 Canadian provinces.

Tags: Elon Musk, Ford, Ford Model T, Henry Ford, Tesla

Guest Contributor is many, many people. We publish a number of guest posts from experts in a large variety of fields. This is our contributor account for those special people. 😀

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The Evolution of Change - CleanTechnica

Evolution and the Insensitive Sandwich – Discovery Institute

David Brooks atthe New York Times has taken a lot razzing for a column about social class signifiers and how they serve to insulate the upper middle class and exclude everyone else. He describes insensitively taking a friend to a fancy sandwich shop. The friend had only a high school degree.

Suddenly I saw her face freeze up as she was confronted with sandwiches named Padrino and Pomodoro and ingredients like soppressata, capicollo and a striata baguette. I quickly asked her if she wanted to go somewhere else and she anxiously nodded yes and we ate Mexican.

American upper-middle-class culture (where the opportunities are) is now laced with cultural signifiers that are completely illegible unless you happen to have grown up in this class. They play on the normal human fear of humiliation and exclusion. Their chief message is, You are not welcome here.

In her thorough book The Sum of Small Things, Elizabeth Currid-Halkett argues that the educated class establishes class barriers not through material consumption and wealth display but by establishing practices that can be accessed only by those who possess rarefied information.

To feel at home in opportunity-rich areas, youve got to understand the right barre techniques, sport the right baby carrier, have the right podcast, food truck, tea, wine and Pilates tastes, not to mention possess the right attitudes about David Foster Wallace, child-rearing, gender norms and intersectionality.

Among the right attitudes he lists, Brooks missed something, didnt he? Evolution is a theory of origins, but its much more than that. Adherence to it, even in the absence of any deep familiarity with its scientific meaning or the evidence for or against it, is also a powerful cultural signifier. There could hardly be any more powerful.

While David Brooks was mocked for the slightly precious focus on rarefied sandwich ingredients, he makes a valid overall point. We should add, though, that beliefs about science too play on the normal human fear of humiliation and exclusion. This needs to be understood in any discussion of evolution, intelligent design, and allied matters. Even more than intimidation through fear of being punished in ones career, as a scientist, journalist, whatever, the threat of embarrassment being associated with the deplorable creationists is a highly effective weapon wielded by evolutionists.

This is nothing new. The dynamic goes way back, as Tom Wolfe notes repeatedly in his brilliant ecent book, The Kingdom of Speech. As Wolfe describes, the stage was set for the embrace of Darwinism by what the German sociologist Max Eber called the disenchantment the world. Well-educated, would-be-sophisticated people all over Europe had begun to reject the magical, miraculous, superstitious, logically implausible doctrine of religion The emphasis there should be on would-be sophistication being perceived as sophisticated.

This worked to evolutions great advantage. Before long, people began to judge one another socially according to their belief, or not, in Darwins great discovery.

Alfred Russel Wallace, co-discover of evolution by natural selection and later a defector to intelligent design, did not possess Charles Darwins social ranking, and this affected the reception he received from Englands ladies and gentlemen. Wallace, after all, was a mere flycatcher by trade:

[He] never felt comfortable with any of them except [geologist Charles] Lyell, who was the old man of the naturalists and had first noticed his talent back in 1855. The others, including Lyells wife, Mary Horner Lyell, intimidated him. She found Wallaces table manners common, bordering on crude.

Probably, Wallace would not have known how to order a Padrino or a Pomodoro if his life depended on it. More:

They [the Gentlemen] had upper-class drawlsThey excelled at the sort of ironically clever conversation they had picked up and polished at Oxbridge. Even their blandest comments piped out UPPER CLASS! UPPER CLASS! without bringing up the subject of class at all.

How little things have changed! Wolfe knows all about the pull that prestige exerts in the history of ideas. His real story in the book is about the evolution of speech and how scientists have thought about it. So naturally Noam Chomsky plays a huge role. Chomsky was encircled by a glow of Radical Chic. It was the 1960s, and Wolfe describes the social function of attitudes about the Vietnam War:

[B]y then, 1967, opposition to the war in Vietnam had become something stronger than a passionnamely, a fashion, a certification that one had risen above the herd.

On the other hand, Chomskys eventual challenger, the younger linguist Daniel Everett, was of a lesser status, not just professionally but, what was worse, socially. This was for religious reasons:

[T]he linguist Geoffrey Pullum pointed out something everybody realizedbut nobody ever said, namely, that by now, the early twenty-first century, the vast majority of people who thought of themselves as intellectuals were atheists. Believers were regarded as something slightly worse than hapless fools. And the lowest breed of believer was the evangelical white Believer. There you had Daniel Everett.[H]is not merely evangelical but his missionary past was a stain that would never fade away completelynot in academia.

It always amazes me how thoughtful people seem not to see this the urgent need to be and be seen as above the herd at work in themselves, how it shapes their thinking about range of subjects. When personal prestige is at stake, the mental picture of yourself that you carry around in your head, personal blindness is the rule, not the exception.

The terror of being stained by lower class associations plays an enormous but widely unacknowledged role in maintaining discipline among the upper middle class. You see this in politics, religion, the media, academia, and yes, science, and not least in anything to do with evolution.

Photo: Porchetta sandwich, by T.Tseng via Flickr.

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Evolution and the Insensitive Sandwich - Discovery Institute

‘Scopes monkey trial’ town erects evolution figure’s statue … – Washington Times

NASHVILLE, Tenn. (AP) - The famed Scopes monkey trial pitted two of the nations foremost celebrity lawyers against one another, but only one of them was memorialized outside the Tennessee courthouse where the landmark case unfolded until now.

On Friday at the Rhea County Courthouse in Dayton the public will behold a 10-foot statue of the rumpled skeptic Clarence Darrow, who argued for evolution in the 1925 trial. It will stand at a respectful distance on the opposite side of the courthouse from an equally huge statue of William Jennings Bryan, the eloquent Christian defender of the biblical account of creation, which was installed in 2005.

The trial that unfolded there nine decades ago garnered national headlines in what historians say started as a publicity stunt for the small town. Formally known as Tennessee vs. John Thomas Scopes, the case generated front-page headlines nationwide and was immortalized in songs, books, plays and movies. Dayton hosts its annual Scopes Trial festival for 10 days, starting Friday, featuring a theatrical production.

Historians say the trial came about after local leaders convinced Scopes, a 24-year-old high school teacher, to answer the American Civil Liberties Unions call for someone who could help challenge Tennessees law that banned teaching evolution. He was found guilty but didnt spend time in jail.

Bryan, a three-time Democratic candidate for president, died just five days after the trial ended.

In Dayton, home of a Christian college thats named for Bryan, its not hard to envision the community accepting a statue venerating the august champion of the faith.

But Darrow is another matter.

Rifts over evolution and creationism continue almost a century later, and the Darrow statue was requested by atheist groups.

Pockets of opposition in the town suggest many Christians still see the science of evolution as clashing with their faith. Dayton resident and minister June Griffin has led much of the backlash against the Darrow statue, citing religious convictions.

This is a hideous monstrosity, Griffin said. And God is not pleased.

Two weeks ago about 20 supporters and 20 protesters clashed peacefully at the courthouse over the statue, said Rhea County Sheriffs Department Special Projects Coordinator Jeff Knight.

Nevertheless, the Darrow statue hasnt drawn teeming crowds in Dayton like the ones that forced some of the 1925 trial proceedings to be moved outdoors.

Regardless of how peoples beliefs differ, the statue helps represent history, said Rhea County historian Pat Guffey. Most people seem OK with it, she added.

I just think that something that is history should stay, or should be put up, no matter what, Guffey said. I dont think we should try to change history.

Philadelphia-based sculptor Zenos Frudakis crafted the new statue, funded largely by $150,000 from the Freedom from Religion Foundation. The group said the project would remedy the imbalance of Bryan standing alone.

Bryan was there as an attorney, a prosecutor, and Clarence Darrow as a defense attorney. And now, the history has been restored, Frudakis said.

Frudakis, an admirer of Darrow, said the sculpture offers an honest look at the lawyer.

He looks like he slept in his suit, which he often did. Sometimes his shirts were torn, Frudakis said of Darrow. He smoked too much. He drank too much. He was a womanizer. I got as much of that as I could in the sculpture.

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'Scopes monkey trial' town erects evolution figure's statue ... - Washington Times

Allowed in by Trump, Afghan girls robotics team lands in DC – ABC News

Twice rejected for U.S. visas, an all-girls robotics team from Afghanistan arrived in Washington early Saturday after an extraordinary, last-minute intervention by President Donald Trump.

The six-girl team and their chaperone completed their journey just after midnight from their hometown of Herat, Afghanistan, to enter their ball-sorting robot in the three-day high school competition starting Sunday in the U.S. capital. Awaiting them at the gate at Washington Dulles International Airport were a U.S. special envoy and Afghan Ambassador Hamdullah Mohib, who described it as a rare moment of celebration for his beleaguered nation.

"Seventeen years ago, this would not have been possible at all," Mohib said in an interview. "They represent our aspirations and resilience despite having been brought up in a perpetual conflict. These girls will be proving to the world and the nation that nothing will prevent us from being an equal and active member of the international community."

In the short time since their visa dilemma drew global attention, the girls' case has become a flashpoint in the debate about Trump's efforts to tighten entrance to the U.S., including from many majority-Muslim countries. Afghanistan isn't included in Trump's temporary travel ban, but critics have said the ban is emblematic of a broader effort to put a chill on Muslims entering the U.S.

The girls' story has also renewed the focus on the longer-term U.S. plans for aiding Afghanistan's future, as Trump's administration prepares a new military strategy that will include sending more troops to the country where the U.S. has been fighting since 2001. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said Friday the strategy was moving forward but "not finalized yet."

Trump's personal intervention earlier in the week using a rare "parole" mechanism to sidestep the visa system ended a dramatic saga in which the team twice traveled from their home in western Afghanistan through largely Taliban-controlled territory to Kabul, where their visa applications were denied twice.

The U.S. won't say why the girls were rejected for visas, citing confidentiality. But Mohib said that based on discussions with U.S. officials, it appears the girls were rebuffed due to concerns they would not return to Afghanistan. It's a fate that has beset many Afghans seeking entry to the U.S. in recent years as continuing violence and economic challenges lead many to seek asylum in America, or to travel through the U.S. to Canada to try to resettle there.

As their case gained attention, Trump intervened by asking National Security Council officials to find a way for them to travel, officials said. Ultimately the State Department, which adjudicates visa applications, asked the Homeland Security Department to let them in on "parole," a temporary status used only in exceptional circumstances to let in someone who is otherwise ineligible to enter the country. The U.S. granted parole after determining that it constituted a "significant public benefit."

Ambassador Alice Wells, the acting U.S. special envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan, downplayed concerns that the girls might use the parole to stay in the U.S. or go to Canada. As she drove to the airport to greet the girls, she said by phone that they were proud to represent Afghanistan and "proud to return to be role models to others around them."

Competing against entrants from more than 150 countries, the girls will present a robot they devised that can recognize blue and orange and sort balls into correct locations. They'll also be feted at a hastily arranged reception at the Embassy of Afghanistan attended by supporters who had petitioned the U.S. to let them in.

The Taliban, ousted by the U.S.-led coalition in 2001, denied schooling to girls when they ruled the war-torn country. Wells said that since 2002, the number of Afghan children attending school has increased from about 900,000 virtually all boys to 9 million today including 40 percent girls.

"We're looking to ensure that Afghanistan continues its trajectory to stabilizing politically and economically," Wells said. "It's young women like these that are going to be the future of Afghanistan."

Reach Josh Lederman on Twitter at http://twitter.com/joshledermanAP

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Allowed in by Trump, Afghan girls robotics team lands in DC - ABC News

Afghan girls robotics team arrives in US following Trump’s visa intervention – ABC News

The all-girl robotics team from Afghanistan which was twice denied visas to enter the U.S. for a competition, but were then given the go-ahead earlier this week after President Trump intervened, arrived shortly after midnight on Saturday at Dulles International Airport outside Washington, D.C.

The young women are in the U.S. for the inaugural FIRST Global Challenge, in which teams of young women and men from around the world showcase robots they created. The three-day competition kicks off Sunday at Washington's DAR Constitution Hall.

The team arrived at Dulles to a crowd of supporters, as well as the U.S. State Department's acting assistant secretary for south and central Asian affairs, Alice G. Wells, and Afghanistan's Ambassador to the U.S., Hamdullah Mohib.

"The plane just landed," Mohib tweeted at 12:13 a.m. "The girls will be out soon to begin their journey through D.C. in a few minutes."

The Afghan embassy also tweeted photos of the team's supporters awaiting their arrival at Dulles.

The six girls from western Afghanistan's Herat region had twice been denied visas to enter the country by the U.S. State Department, although the reason was never publicly disclosed. Still, many critics pointed to Trump's travel ban executive order and his administration's policies, which some perceive as hostile to some foreigners, for the girls' denial of entry.

On Wednesday, a senior administration official told ABC News that President Trump had intervened on the girls behalf to allow them to compete.

"The State Department worked incredibly well with the Department of Homeland Security to ensure that this case was reviewed and handled appropriately," Dina Powell, deputy national security adviser for strategy, said in a statement following the president's intervention. "We could not be prouder of this delegation of young women who are also scientists -- they represent the best of the Afghan people and embody the promise that their aspirations can be fulfilled. They are future leaders of Afghanistan and strong ambassadors for their country."

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Afghan girls robotics team arrives in US following Trump's visa intervention - ABC News

Malden robotics team goes global before going home – Daily Item

July 14, 2017

COURTESY PHOTO Malden High Robotics Club advisor Chris Bazzinotti and Malden students are shown at the International Botball Tournament held this past week in Norman, Okla.

MALDEN They fell short in the end, but the citys high school robotics team marched over global competitors during this weeks International Botball Tournament.

They had already pushed the envelope by winning the schools first New England Regional Botball Championship. Little did they know they would not only knock off the top-seeded team in the world and then advance to the Elite Eight in the world before bowing to a former, recent World Champion.

What a week in Norman, Okla., for the students from Malden.

It was a great showing and despite the intensity, it was a lot of fun and very satisfying for our students, said Chris Bazzinotti, a Malden High technology teacher who serves as advisor to the Robotics Team.

When the students won the New England title in May, they immediately began a fundraising drive which raised nearly $8,000 to fund the trip to the Midwest to participate in the International Botball Championship, where teams from around the world battled for the world crown in a competition hosted by the Global Conference on Educational Robotics (GCER).

According to the Botball Educational Robotics Program Botball competitions revolve around using student-made robots to complete a series of tasks, such as collecting objects and moving them to another location or recognizing certain color objects and sorting them, within a set time limit of two minutes. Sensors and cameras give input to the robots, which help to identify objects.

Between competitions, participants program the robots using an Integrated Development Environment.

The Malden High Robotics team was seeded 33rd in the 64-team competition and came out of the gate with a win over a team from a Peoples Republic of China middle school affiliated with Qingdao University. The Chinese team came in as the 32nd seed.

Up next for Malden was the tall task of facing off against the number one-seeded team in the competition, former two-time world champion Los Altos (Calif.) Community School.

They were aware of the competition, but our students were in there with confidence, Bazzinotti said.

Malden High ended up with a huge win when the top-seeded Los Altos team and Malden advanced to the Sweet Sixteen, this time against Talenthaus from Germany. Malden again prevailed and moved on to the fabled Elite Eight where they faced off against the Dead Robots Society team of northern Virginia.

Maldens luck finally ran out as the Dead Robots Society squad prevailed and moved into the Final Four. The local students could take some consolation knowing the team that knocked them out of the International Tournament, Dead Robots Society, advanced all the way to the final and were crowned World Champions for the first time since 2013.

All in all, quite a summer feat with an international flair for some students from Malden out in the Midwest.

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Malden robotics team goes global before going home - Daily Item

Hogan visit highlights Gaithersburg’s firm’s robotics lineup (Video) – Washington Business Journal


Washington Business Journal
Hogan visit highlights Gaithersburg's firm's robotics lineup (Video)
Washington Business Journal
Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan may have quite a bit of sway in the state. But he doesn't often get a chance to control a robotic unmanned ground vehicle designed for the military. During a visit with Gaithersburg robotics company Roboteam Inc., Hogan tested ...

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Hogan visit highlights Gaithersburg's firm's robotics lineup (Video) - Washington Business Journal

Better, Faster, Smarter: Making Agile Robots – USC Viterbi School of Engineering (press release) (blog)

USC Center for Advanced Manufacturing team comes in first at the Agile Robotics for Industrial Automation Competition (ARIAC)

The first place team from USCs Center for Advanced Manufacturing. From left to right: Matthew Buckley, Professor S.K. Gupta, and Brual Shah. Photo/S.K. Gupta

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in collaboration with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Open Source Robotics Foundation (OSRF), held their first annual Agile Robotics for Industrial Automation Competition (ARIAC), concluding earlier this month. First place was awarded to a team from USCs Center for Advanced Manufacturing (CAM), including CAM Founding Director Satyandra K. (S.K.) Gupta, post-doctoral researcher Brual Shah, and undergraduate student Matthew Buckley (Computer Science 18).

The world of manufacturing is no stranger to robotics. These programmable machines are perfect for the repetitive tasks often necessary in the production process. However, they are currently limited to pre-programmed moves, meaning they are unable to be quickly modified or reconfigured when an error occurs traits that fall in the category of robotic agility.

Robot agility refers to the ability of the robot to change its behavior in response to product change, production volume change and manufacturing facility changes. It is needed to reduce product realization time, said Gupta, Smith International Professor in the Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (AME).

If we can have researchers like S.K.s group start to address challenges that industry is facing when incorporating robotics in their industrial systems, then we can find solutions for them to be able to solve their challenges and make them more productive and be able to do better in the global economy Schlenoff

As a part of the Department of Commerce, NIST works to promote industry and make the U.S. more competitive in the global market. Teaming up with IEEE and OSRF, they developed ARIAC as a way to start addressing these current obstacles in industrial robotics.

We talked with various people from industry and we tried to understand the challenges that they were facing in using robots, said Craig Schlenoff, associate program manager of robotics program at NIST and competition chair for ARIAC. We then included those challenges in the competition to see how well teams could come up with interesting approaches in order to address those challenges.

The entire competition was performed virtually, using a computer simulation of a robotic arm on a manufacturing shop floor, allowing teams to participate from home. They were tasked with writing a software program that gave the robot autonomy while completing pick-and-place kit assembly tasks. The robot needed to be able to overcome agility challenges, such as the suction gripper failing, the notification of faulty parts, and the reception of high-priority orders.

Simply put, The main objective was to develop next generation robots that are intelligent and flexible, said Gupta. Though the actual competition, consisting of three rounds of qualifiers before the final competition with 15 different challenge scenarios, was not so simple.

We had to arrange parts on trays as quickly as possible, using as few sensors as possible, said Buckley, who was responsible for writing the teams software code. The major challenges were getting everything working in a simulated environment, which can be unreliable and error-prone, as well as creating a solution that had a clear advantage over other teams.

Submitted software was scored based on performance, efficiency and cost. The USC team, Realization of Robotics Systems, used the latter of which to optimize their system. By using less cameras, they were able to greatly reduce cost.

The rules were such that a one camera solution was advantageous and enabled us to score more points. However, this solution was difficult to implement and increased the overall cycle or completion time, said Shah, whose role in developing the logic and planning for their software is reflected in his research at CAM.

The 56 teams that registered for the competition consisted of researchers from educational institutions as well as representatives within industry, spanning three continents and bringing a world-wide perspective to the challenges at hand.

Thats why we had this competition, Schlenoff said. If we can have researchers like S.K.s group start to address challenges that industry is facing when incorporating robotics in their industrial systems, then we can find solutions for them to be able to solve their challenges and make them more productive and be able to do better in the global economy.

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Better, Faster, Smarter: Making Agile Robots - USC Viterbi School of Engineering (press release) (blog)

Google will now let you back up your entire computer for FREE on its servers – Mirror.co.uk

Google has a number of apps that let you store your data on its servers . But while Google Photos and Google Docs only host certain types of files, the company is soon going to let you store everything online.

A new service called "Backup & Sync" will become part of the Google Drive service and will allow both Mac and Windows users to store the entire contents of their PC or laptop on Google's platform.

"In the coming weeks, we will launch Backup and Sync from Google, a tool intended to help everyday users back up files and photos from their computers, so theyre safe and accessible from anywhere," Google announced on its official blog post .

The new feature will replace the Photos and Drive uploader on desktops and can also be configured to automatically back up devices you connect to your computer, like SD cards, cameras or your phone. Like the current Drive, you'll be able to access your files from any other device with access to it.

At the moment the feature is only limited to individual consumers - businesses won't be able to take advantage of all the extra free space.

The move comes after the company revealed it will stop serving personalised adverts based on the contents of their Gmail messages . Google has faced plenty of criticism over the years from privacy advocates for reading the contents of emails in order to serve more accurate adverts.

How you feel about uploading your entire computer to Google is something to bear in mind before you take advantage of the new feature.

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Google will now let you back up your entire computer for FREE on its servers - Mirror.co.uk

Virtual reality helps reinvent law enforcement training – CBS News

Virtual reality is being used to train law enforcement officers for scenarios they may encounter out in the field, ranging from traffic stops to active shooter situations.

A new facility incorporating a virtual reality simulator along with a physical training environment was introduced last month in Monmouth County, New Jersey. The facility is the first of its kind in the state and another step towards virtual reality becoming a more mainstream element in law enforcement training across the country.

The facility is called STARS: Situational Training And Response Simulator, and is a joint initiative involving various agencies in Monmouth County. The location is divided into two parts. The first is a physical plant which places officers in a tangible environment using non-lethal training rounds, smoke, fire alarms, strobes, and other special effects. For the second, virtual portion of the training, they are using the VirTra V-300 simulator from a company called VirTra Systems Inc.

This simulator has five screens which allows trainees a 300-degree view of the situation. Scenarios are designed to replicate real-life events that officers may encounter in the field, ranging from domestic violence incidents to active shooter situations. The trainees are equipped with a variety of tools including training firearms that recoil and weigh the same as an authentic firearm would.

The scenarios are pre-recorded using trained actors with approximately 10 to 15 different outcomes per scenario. An operator in the training room controls how the simulation unfolds based on the actions of the trainee.

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"The main objective is to have the officers go in and be submersed in different scenarios so they have that split-second decision-making capability," said Monmouth County Sheriff Shaun Golden. "And not only split-second decision-making capability on use of force, but de-escalation how to handle different scenarios, how to provide commands so that we have positive outcomes along the way."

Other law enforcement agencies around the country have also added virtual reality simulators to their arsenal of training techniques. Earlier this year, the Sonoma County Sheriff's Office in California added the VirTra V-300 simulator. Sonoma County Sheriff's Sgt. Spencer Crum said that while simulation technology has had a place in law enforcement for decades, it has evolved into what can genuinely be called "virtual reality."

"When I went to the academy in the late 80s and early 90s they had something called FATS, which is Fire Arms Training Simulator. This has kind of evolved from that," Crum explained. "Back in the day, it was this really kind of rough single TV screen. It was kind of a 'shoot, don't shoot' situation. But this is significantly better than those old days because it is so virtual reality and you can turn around and move and all of our weapons are functioning."

Crum also spoke about an electronic impulse device which can be used to deliver a mild shock to the trainee, although his agency hasn't adopted that technology.

"We have a device which introduces pain and stress," said Scott Dilullo, federal law enforcement business development manager at VirTra Systems Inc. He explained to CBS News why pain and stress might be useful, even desirable, in a training situation.

"We're to trying to elicit what we call in training a 'fear response,' because once we elicit that fear response the heart rate can get over a hundred and sixty beats per minute. This is where we understand that the officers have problems making decisions. It affects their motor skills and all of that so we need to get their heart rates up. We need to get them stressed."

VirTra Systems' VR and other training technology is currently used by more than 200 individual law enforcement agencies across 38 states. But it's not the only company delving into the virtual reality business for law enforcement.

Ethan Moeller, CEO of LEVRS Inc., is planning on rolling out virtual reality technology for law enforcement later this year. His firm has also been working with corrections agencies. Moeller currently offers a 360-degree virtual reality platform which requires the user to wear a headset. The environment they see projected inside is real and was previously filmed; while the user can look around in the virtual environment, he or she cannot move within it.

The LEVRS 'Argo' training platform uses computer-generated imagery (CGI) to create realistic scenarios that law enforcement officers may encounter in the line of duty.

Tyson Iravani, courtesy of Levrs Inc.

The company has used the technology to film the environment where soon-to-be-released inmates will be living, allowing them to first see it through a virtual headset to help make their transition into the outside world go as smooth as possible. LEVRS has an ongoing partnership with the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections for this service.

Moeller is also working on a computer graphics platform which uses a virtual reality headset paired with computer-generated imagery to create virtual scenarios and situations for law enforcement. That version uses the VIVE system to track hand and body movement so that users can move and walk within a realistic world.

Like VirTra, an operator must be present to determine the outcome of the scenario. However, Moeller hopes that speech recognition software may be able to remove the need for an operator in the future, instead allowing the scenario to unfold naturally based on the verbal commands and actions of an officer. Various outcomes would be preprogrammed by a trainer.

"The great thing about virtual reality is that it brings you closer to a real-life experience than anything else that I've ever at least experienced. And because of that, when you train you want to get that environment as real as possible and that's what VR does," Moeller said.

"But it does it without the risks of real life. So if you make a mistake in virtual reality you don't get hurt, no one else gets hurt, and you learn."

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Virtual reality helps reinvent law enforcement training - CBS News

Mass. town home to largest virtual reality arena in country – WCVB Boston

Mass. town home to largest virtual reality arena in country

Updated: 6:54 PM EDT Jul 14, 2017

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WEBVTT OUR ERIKA TARANTAL FOUND OUTIN A SPECIAL PREVIEW TO GROUPADVENTURE.ERIKA: MY TREK IS READY TO TAKEYOU ON A JOURNEY.>> WELCOME.I'M YOUR GAME MASTER.ERIKA: FIRST, THE PARAMETERS ANDTHEN THE PROPER EQUIPMENT.TRULY HIGH TECH GERA.I TOTALLY FEEL LIKE A GHOSTBUSTER -- HIGH TECH GEAR.MAYBE YOU HAVE ONEVIRTUAL-REALITY GOGGLES BUT NOTLIKE THIS.WHAT YOU SEE AND HEAR I S ABOUTTO CHANGE.PLAYERS ARE IMMERSED IN WHATEVERWORLD HAS TAKEN OVER THISWAREHOUSE.THIS IS CRAZY.THIS IS A FREE ROAMVIRTUAL-REALITY ARENA.>> IF YOU ARE NOT TIED TO ACOMPUTER, YOUR BODY IS THECONTROLLER AND YOUR BRAIN ISGOING TO FEEL LIKE IT IS REAL.ERIKA: THIS GAME IS CALLED SABESURVIVAL.AN AUSTRALIAN-BASED COMPANYALLOWS PLAYERS TO INTERACT ANDWORK AS A TEAM.AHHH!NOT FUNNY.WHERE ARE MY BUDDIES?GOOD, YOU'RE HERE.IT WAS REALLY COOL HOW QUICKLY IBECAME A TEAM FOR THE PEOPLE IWAS PLAYING WITH.THE GAMES CAN BE MODIFIED INREAL-TIME BY ON-SITE ENGINEERS.PLAYERS REGISTER FOR 45 MINUTESSESSIONS.LIKE A MOVIE THEATER, GAMES WILLCHANGE.>> AGE-WISE, IT IS A 13 PLUSACTIVITY.THERE IS PHYSICAL.ERIKA: I'M DEAD.I'M GOING TO RELAX.SET TO OPEN TO THE PUBLIC INAUGUST, FIRST-TIME PLAYERS WEREALREADY HOOKED.>> TOTALLY EXCEEDED ANY SORT OFEXPECTATION.ERIKA: THANKS FOR HAVING MYBACK.THIS WAS REALLY INTENSE BUT FUN.

Mass. town home to largest virtual reality arena in country

Updated: 6:54 PM EDT Jul 14, 2017

MindTrek allows you to enter new imagined worlds and you don't need travel alone.

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Mass. town home to largest virtual reality arena in country - WCVB Boston

New Trailer for Virtual-Reality Mario Kart Game Looks Like a Crazy Good Time – The Drive

There are few experiences more satisfying in multiplayer gaming than hurling a perfectly-placed green shell at your friend in Mario Kart.You line up, take aim as you're both hurtling down a straight, and whamo, watch them flip majestically through the air as you zip by underneath. Now imagine all that, but in glorious first-person virtual reality. Count us in.

Bandai Namco has produced several licensed arcade versions of Nintendo's most popular racing series, but its latest creation is no cabinet with a steering wheel. No, Mario Kart Arcade GP VR is a life-sized kart simulator with a tilting, vibrating base, an HTC Vive virtual-reality headset for truly immersive action, and hand trackers so you can actually grab and throw items at your opponents.

We reported on the project when it was announced back in June, but today the game was officially unveiled at Bandai Namco's VR Zone Shinjuku, a huge, virtual-reality arcade complex in Tokyo, Japan. With early reviews starting to trickle in, a new trailer released this week seems to confirm what they've all been sayingit's a rollicking, insanely fun time.

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New Trailer for Virtual-Reality Mario Kart Game Looks Like a Crazy Good Time - The Drive