Offshore Banking in 2017 Where, How & Why | Sovereign Man

2. Offshore Banking in Singapore

When Singapore gained independence half a century ago, it was a backwater with no natural resources.

Today, it is one of the leading financial centers in the world.

Considering Singapores foreign reserves and sovereign wealth fund, the countrys financial position is exceptional, with net assets well over 100% of GDP.

In short, there is no chance Singapore is going broke any time soon.

The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) is also solvent, and over the past few decades has proven to be a wise financial regulator.

Thats why Singapore has never had a banking failure in its history, ever.

And while past performance is no guarantee of future results, the entire banking system continues to maintain conservative levels of capitalization and liquiditycertainly much more than banks in the West.

It remains an oasis of financial stability. Its banks are well supervised and well regulated.

We wouldnt hesitate opening an offshore bank account in Singapore.

That being said, in the past you could open an excellent bank account in Singapore without even leaving home, but it has gotten much harder over the past few years.

Nowadays you will have to visit the island state in person andmany banks require substantial minimum deposits now.

First, lets get the elephant out of the room.

Unless youve been living under a rock, you are without a doubt aware of the Panama Papers scandal.

Thanks to that, Panama is suffering from an image problem.

Yes, theres a long list of politicians and crooks who used the services of the Mossack Fonseca law firm to hide income or immorally acquired funds.

But most of the Panama Papers uproar is just ballyhooing by people who dont understand (or dont want to understand) how offshore works... or why its so essential to the global economy.

Panama is a 100% dollarized economy and you will be dealing with US dollars as a depositor there.

On top of that Panama is just a short flight away from North America, so the physical presence requirement can be easily met if you reside in the States.

We have spent weeks crunching the numbers and visiting multiple banks in the country, and we can tell you that Panamas banking sector regardless of what ill-informed, financially illiterate journalists report is on solid footing.

Panamanian banks are liquid and well capitalized. Additionally, the governments debt position of 39.1% is pretty manageable.

Here at Sovereign Man we focus on providing objective, rational advice. Here it is:

The Panama Papers scandal should not deter you from considering banking in Panama if that is a jurisdiction that works for you.

On top of that Panama is the easiest place in the world to establish a second residency, which means you can knock out two major Plan B needs with just one visit.

A tiny German-speaking principality sandwiched between Switzerland and Austria, Liechtenstein, like its Swiss neighbor, has perfected the art of banking.

Liechtenstein has long been known as one of the top asset protection and private banking jurisdictions in the world.

The country is in compliance with all major directives and treaties for anti-money laundering and tax regulation initiatives, and it is rightly seen today as a well-regulated, blue-chip, offshore (technically onshore) destination.

Liechtenstein does not bother providing transactional banking to non-residents and focuses instead on high-end services (and does them extremely well).

If you are looking for a private bank, rather than a transactional bank account, we think Liechtenstein should be on your radar.

Not a single bank in Liechtenstein needed ANY assistance from the state during the global financial crisis. The countrys banks are generally conservative and well run.

Unfortunately, only a few of Liechtensteins banks have gone through the trouble and expense of setting up entities licensed as investment advisors with the SEC. Those few are the only ones able to take US persons as clients.

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Offshore Banking in 2017 Where, How & Why | Sovereign Man

Offshore by Penelope Fitzgerald – Goodreads

An exquisite little novel in which not much happens until the end, and yet, due to storms of all kinds, the whole world of each protagonist changes irrevocably.

Flux, Transition, Contrast, Stagnation

"Reality seemed to have lost its accustomed hold, just as the day wavered uncertainly between night and morning."

Everyone lives between land and water, but each is also caught in some other dichotomy: childhood or adulthood; togetherness or separation; comfort or poverty; in or out of love; life or death; artistry or manual labour; dreams or cold reality.

"Decision is torment for anyone with imagination... [because] you multiply the things you might have done and now never can". But that can lead to paralysis.

Parallels in my Life

I don't relate to the specific circumstances, and its set before I was born, but the paralysis of indecision, when torn between two thoughts or situations is something I often struggle with. Sometimes it leads to an impulsive decision (which I may or may not regret), other times I try to pass the decision to someone else, or just avoid making it altogether. I feel I should be able to learn from this beautiful book, but it suggests diagnosis (which I'd already worked out), but no prescription. And that's fine.

Setting and Atmosphere

It is set in "the Reach", a small community of barge-dwellers in London, around 1962. The houseboats are permanently moored; their movement is limited to bobbing up and down on the tide.

The residents are very much a community, and yet they have almost nothing in common, other than the fact they are all adrift (even the cat), living in a never-world between land and water - literally, and in a more profound, psychological sense.

"The barge-dwellers, creatures neither of firm land nor water would have liked to be more respectable than they were... but a certain failure, distressing to themselves, to be like other people, caused them to sink back, with so much else that drifted or was washed up."

It vividly conjures the vicissitudes of the sights and sounds of the water and weather, aided by a splattering of boaty jargon. "The river's most elusive hours, when darkness lifts off darkness, and from one minute to another the shadows declare themselves as houses or craft at anchor."

Characters

"Was there not, on the whole of Battersea Reach, a couple, married or unmarried, living together in the ordinary way?"

All the characters are Characters. As are the five boats. In fact, tradition dictates that owners are addressed by the name of their boat, though that doesn't happen all the time, and one owner thwarts it by changing the name of his boat to match his own name.

The main characters are Nenna (only 32, but with daughters Martha, 12, and Tilda, 6); Maurice, a young gay man making ends meet as a prostitute; Willis, an old marine painter, whose boat is in need of sprucing up; boat-proud Woodrow (Woodie); and Richard, a natural leader, ex-navy, now working in insurance, with the biggest, smartest boat.

All have troubles of some sort, though Nenna's are most evident. She's depressed and has other vague mental health issues. When she's alone, her thoughts "took the form of a kind of perpetual magistrates' hearing", perpetually having to defend her action and inaction regarding her marriage. Meanwhile, she is over-reliant on her daughters, who no longer attend school. Her "character was faulty, but she had an instinct to see what made other people unhappy".

Tilda is perhaps the least convincing character, which is a shame, as it could be fixed by making her 10, rather than 6. Growing up in the Reach, she is understandably fascinated by and knowledgeable about the river. She "had the air of something aquatic, a demon from the depths", and "respected the water and knew that one could die within sight of the Embankment". But her language and insight don't always sound right: "Do you think Ma's mind is weakening?" and "It's not the kind who inherit the earth... They get kicked in the teeth".

In contrast, Martha is "armed at all points against the possible disappointments of her life, conscious of the responsibilities of protecting her mother and sister, worried a the gaps in her education... she had forgotten for some time the necessity for personal happiness."

Plot Summary

(view spoiler)[Nenna often chats long into the night with Maurice, but there is a frisson between her and Richard. Willis' barge (Dreadnaught) sinks, though he escapes, and is put up by Woodie. Eventually, Nenna plucks up courage to visit her husband, Edward. He's a wastrel, recently returned from a failed attempt to make money in South America, and won't come to the boat. (Meanwhile, Martha gets friendly with a 16-year old German, Heinrich, staying for 24 hours, as a friend of a friend of Nenna's sister.) She hoped to spend the night and win him back, but things don't go well, and she walks home, where Richard is waiting (his wife, Laura, has recently left him properly) and takes her out in a dinghy, before returning to the Reach. We later discover they did go into a cabin together. Meanwhile, Laura's wealthy sister is over from Canada, and wants to take her and the girls to start a new life there. But Richard is attacked by Harry, an acquaintance of Maurice (who uses Maurice's boat to store stolen goods) and is severely injured. His wife comes back to take care of him. Meanwhile, Edward comes looking for Nenna, but ends up drinking with Maurice, before trying to board Nenna's barge (she's not in, because of the storm) and possibly falling into the cold and turbulent waters. (hide spoiler)]

Then it ends! I like untidy, open endings, but this was SO open, I was aghast. (view spoiler)[Do Edward and Maurice survive? Does Richard stay with Laura? Do Nenna and the girls go to Canada, and if not, do she and Richard have a chance, or even she and Edward? Will Harry be caught, and if so, what are the implications for Maurice (if he lived)? What about the homeless and penniless Willis - he surely can't go on living with Woodie? (hide spoiler)]

Quotes

* "That crucial moment when children realise that their parents are younger than they are."

* The advantages of youth, "Tilda cared nothing for the future, and had, as a result, a great capacity for happiness." Also, "Her heart didn't rule her memory... she was spared that inconvenience."

* A petty criminal "had no expression, as though expressions were surplus to requirements."

* "Tenderly responsive to the self-deception of others, he was unfortunately too well able to understand his own."

* "Martha bruised so easily. A princess, unknown to all about her, she awaited the moment when these bruises would reveal her heritage."

* "Many enterprises in Chelsea which survived entirely by selling antiques to each other."

* A man, propositioning a woman on a street, "smelled of loneliness".

* "The kind of man who has two clean handkerchiefs on him at half past three in the morning."

* "She would go with him to the end of the world if his outboard motor was always going to start like that." 😉

* A young German (ex) aristocrat had "an upbringing designed to carry him through changes of regime and frontier, possible loss of every worldly possession... had made him totally self-contained and able with the sunny smile and formal handshake of the gymnast to set almost anybody at their ease."

* "The ship's cat was in every way appropriate for the Reach. She habitually moved in a kind of nautical crawl... Through years of attempting to lick herself clean, for she had never quite lost her self-respect, Stripey had become as thickly coated with mud inside as out. She was in a perpetual process of readjustment... to tides and seasons... The resulting uncertainty as to whether she was coming or going had made her, to some extent, mentally unstable."

More Fitzgerald?

Given how much I loved this, I was excited to pick up The Blue Flower (see my review HERE). It couldn't have been more different. I had to force myself to finish it. Nevertheless, this was so good, I will give Fitzgerald another chance. One day.

And there is a growing tide of support among my GR friends for The Bookshop, which - apart from its bookish appeal - sounds much closer to this.

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Offshore by Penelope Fitzgerald - Goodreads

Quotes About Spirituality (7179 quotes)

For me, trees have always been the most penetrating preachers. I revere them when they live in tribes and families, in forests and groves. And even more I revere them when they stand alone. They are like lonely persons. Not like hermits who have stolen away out of some weakness, but like great, solitary men, like Beethoven and Nietzsche. In their highest boughs the world rustles, their roots rest in infinity; but they do not lose themselves there, they struggle with all the force of their lives for one thing only: to fulfil themselves according to their own laws, to build up their own form, to represent themselves. Nothing is holier, nothing is more exemplary than a beautiful, strong tree. When a tree is cut down and reveals its naked death-wound to the sun, one can read its whole history in the luminous, inscribed disk of its trunk: in the rings of its years, its scars, all the struggle, all the suffering, all the sickness, all the happiness and prosperity stand truly written, the narrow years and the luxurious years, the attacks withstood, the storms endured. And every young farmboy knows that the hardest and noblest wood has the narrowest rings, that high on the mountains and in continuing danger the most indestructible, the strongest, the ideal trees grow.

Trees are sanctuaries. Whoever knows how to speak to them, whoever knows how to listen to them, can learn the truth. They do not preach learning and precepts, they preach, undeterred by particulars, the ancient law of life.

A tree says: A kernel is hidden in me, a spark, a thought, I am life from eternal life. The attempt and the risk that the eternal mother took with me is unique, unique the form and veins of my skin, unique the smallest play of leaves in my branches and the smallest scar on my bark. I was made to form and reveal the eternal in my smallest special detail.

A tree says: My strength is trust. I know nothing about my fathers, I know nothing about the thousand children that every year spring out of me. I live out the secret of my seed to the very end, and I care for nothing else. I trust that God is in me. I trust that my labor is holy. Out of this trust I live.

When we are stricken and cannot bear our lives any longer, then a tree has something to say to us: Be still! Be still! Look at me! Life is not easy, life is not difficult. Those are childish thoughts. Let God speak within you, and your thoughts will grow silent. You are anxious because your path leads away from mother and home. But every step and every day lead you back again to the mother. Home is neither here nor there. Home is within you, or home is nowhere at all.

A longing to wander tears my heart when I hear trees rustling in the wind at evening. If one listens to them silently for a long time, this longing reveals its kernel, its meaning. It is not so much a matter of escaping from one's suffering, though it may seem to be so. It is a longing for home, for a memory of the mother, for new metaphors for life. It leads home. Every path leads homeward, every step is birth, every step is death, every grave is mother.

So the tree rustles in the evening, when we stand uneasy before our own childish thoughts: Trees have long thoughts, long-breathing and restful, just as they have longer lives than ours. They are wiser than we are, as long as we do not listen to them. But when we have learned how to listen to trees, then the brevity and the quickness and the childlike hastiness of our thoughts achieve an incomparable joy. Whoever has learned how to listen to trees no longer wants to be a tree. He wants to be nothing except what he is. That is home. That is happiness. Hermann Hesse, Bume. Betrachtungen und Gedichte

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Quotes About Spirituality (7179 quotes)

Bitcoin Price Prediction: BTC Price to Get a Boost After Exchanges Slash Fees?

Daily Bitcoin News Update
Bitcoin is the only crypto in the top 10 that's trading in green on Friday morning. The BTC price has hopped across the $11,000 mark, most likely because buying and selling BTC has just become a whole lot cheaper.

Major crypto exchanges around the world are slashing withdrawal fees for BTC. How did that happen?

Anyone who's downloading the new Bitcoin update, that is, "Bitcoin Core version 0.16.0," is automatically shifting to SegWit—a tweak in the code that has made BTC transactions a lot cheaper and faster than before. Exchanges are likewise benefiting from it.

Two big global exchanges, Binance and Kraken,.

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Bitcoin Price Prediction: BTC Price to Get a Boost After Exchanges Slash Fees?

Ethereum Price Forecast: ETH Hurt by Weak Trading & High Concentration

Ethereum News Update
While blockchain use-cases are filtering into the real economy, cryptocurrency markets have sputtered to a standstill. Prices are just moving sideways.

But before we delve into those forces, I want to emphasize that blockchain development is happening at all levels of business, even the upper echelon of the Fortune 500.

For example, Walmart Inc (NYSE:WMT) recently filed an application with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for delivery technology that uses a decentralized ledger for recording information. (Source: “.

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Litecoin Price Prediction: Litecoin Update Out, Relay Fees Lowered to Compete with BTC

Daily Litecoin News Update
The same week as Bitcoin’s new upgrade is rolled out, Litecoin developers release the Litecoin update in a bid to stay ahead of the curve. The just-released "Litecoin Core version 0.15.1" embraces lower relay fees.

Just to be clear, relay fees are different than transaction fees. Transaction fees will be lowered in the next major update, the "Litecoin Core version 0.16.0," which is currently in the works.

So what’s the difference? What does the current upgrade offer?

In layman's terms, a relay fee is the minimum fee you’re willing to pay for a transaction, while the transaction fee is the amount you actually pay. Confused? Let’s break.

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Litecoin Price Prediction: Litecoin Update Out, Relay Fees Lowered to Compete with BTC

NANO Price Forecast 2018: This Could Spark a Rally in the NANO Coin Price

One Cryptocurrency Everyone Is Talking About in 2018
The Nano cryptocurrency is currently a hot topic on everyone’s lips. This emerging crypto got the social media world abuzz after the founder of a rival cryptocurrency gave it a thumbs-up. This week's biggest Nano news is that Litecoin founder Charlie Lee has bought some NANO coins. But we’re speculating something bigger for NANO, which may cause Nano prices to skyrocket this year.

But first, let’s quickly rehash the two events that caused a stir this week. Two days ago, the founder of Litecoin (which is supposedly a competitor of Nano) took to Nano's subreddit to question its technology. The comments he left on the.

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NANO Price Forecast 2018: This Could Spark a Rally in the NANO Coin Price

Ripple Price Prediction: What New Partnership Says About XRP’s Future

Ripple News Update
A company processing $20.0 billion in cross-border payments is launching an XRP pilot program, adding more real-world demand for Ripple’s native cryptocurrency.

The company is Cambridge Global Payments.

For those unfamiliar with Cambridge, it is a fairly large player in the international payments space, with 13,000 clients in North America, Latin America, Europe, and Australasia. (Source: “Cambridge to use XRP for Faster Global Payments,” Ripple, March 1, 2018.)

“We are excited for the insights this pilot program is expected to deliver, and we.

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Ripple Price Prediction: What New Partnership Says About XRP’s Future

Self-proclaimed Satoshi Nakamoto sued for swindling $5 …

Craig Wright, the man who claimed to be the inventor of bitcoin, has been sued for stealing $5 billion worth of cryptocurrency from his business partner.

Wright, who claimed in 2016 that he had created bitcoin under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, has allegedly participated in a joint bitcoin-mining venture with the now-deceased IT consultant, Dave Kleiman.

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The lawsuit is being brought by Kleimans brother (Ira Kleiman), who accused Wright of using phony contracts and signatures to lay claim to bitcoins mined by Dave.

Craig forged a series of contracts that purported to transfer Dave's assets to Craig and/or companies controlled by him. Craig backdated these contracts and forged Dave's signature on them, Ira Kleiman said, according to the complaint.

The plaintiffs seek the return of the bitcoins, which would now be worth over $10 billion. The lawsuit said the uncertain state of those bitcoins was related to Wrights well-publicized tax issues, which caused his home to be raided by Australian police.

In an email exchange quoted in the complaint, Wright admitted to holding 300,000 bitcoin on Kleimans behalf. [Dave] mentioned that you had one million bitcoins in the trust and since you said he has 300,000 as his part. I was figuring the other 700,000 is yours, Ira Kleiman wrote shortly after his brothers death in 2013. Is that correct?

Around that, Wright replied, adding Minus what was needed for the companys use.

Ira Kleiman is also seeking compensation for the intellectual property his lawyers claim arose from the partnership between his deceased brother and Wright. [The] plaintiff demands judgment against [the] defendant for the value of the wrongfully retained bitcoin and IP, together with court costs, interest, and any other relief this court deems just and proper, said the complaint.

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Self-proclaimed Satoshi Nakamoto sued for swindling $5 ...

Who is Satoshi Nakamoto, Cryptocurrency’s Elusive Creator …

Cryptocurrencies have revolutionized the finance industry and the way people perceive the concept of money. Digital assets that use cryptography to secure transactions and creation, cryptocurrencies are the first form of decentralized currency meaning no bank or middleman controls its use.

One of the best-known forms of cryptocurrency isbitcoin. Created in 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto, bitcoin is the first (and currently most valuable) cryptocurrency in the world. December 2017 saw the highest recorded value of the currency at more than $19,000. While the price of a single bitcoin has since fallen to around $10,000, even that is incredibly impressive considering bitcoin was only worth $1,000 at the start of the year.

Unlike other forms of currency, bitcoin is not backed by any central organization (like a bank or country) or by a physical item (like gold). It sits atop a public ledgerblockchain, where a highly sophisticated mathematical formula creates scarcity and allows users to mine portions of the currency.

Creator of bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, is also credited with the invention of the first blockchain database, which set the foundation for more forms of cryptocurrency to emerge like Ethereum and Litecoin. However, despite the fact that Nakamoto is such an important figure in the world of modern finance, not much is known about the elusive cryptocurrency creator.

Satoshi Nakamoto is believed to be a Japanese-born man in his 40s, but the thing is, no one really knows for sure. Whether Nakamoto is a man, woman, or group of individuals is unknown as well, because the mysterious creator has somehow remained anonymous despite the rising popularity of the cryptocurrencies that Nakamoto helped create.

Which begs the questions: Where did the name Satoshi Nakamoto come from if no one actually knows who this person is? Even though the name Satoshi Nakamoto is being used a placeholder until the real creator(s) come forward, the name itself certainly didnt show up randomly.

An online profile under the name Satoshi Nakamoto was first used on the P2P Foundation website in 2008, a peer-to-peer networking site where the first papers on bitcoin were released. Another account under the same name released Version 0.1 of the bitcoin software on Sourceforge in 2009. Its clear that whether or not Satoshi Nakamoto is the cryptocurrency creators actual name or not, its the name they want us to know them by.

Nakamoto also communicated with users via email for a few years after the softwares release, but as not been involved with bitcoin since 2011. Nakamotos anonymity hasnt stopped people from trying to figure out their true identity. A feature in Newsweek, which was released back in 2014, claimed to have discovered the true identity of Nakamoto, and pointed to a retired Japanese-American man living in California named Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto.

Dorian Nakamoto denied any role in the creation of bitcoin and says that he is not Satoshi Nakamoto, but some people werent convinced. The day after the Newsweek piece ran, a comment from the original Satoshi Nakamoto on P2P posted simply I am not Dorian Nakamoto.

Another feature, this time in The New York Times, claimed the creator of bitcoin was an American man of Hungarian descent named Nick Szabo. While Szabos career and interest in bitcoin might point to his involvement in the creation of the first cryptocurrency, he has denied that he is Satoshi Nakamoto, so the trail runs cold again.

But the search for Satoshi Nakamoto has posed more questions, like what the unmasking of the bitcoin creator would actually mean for the future of the currency and cryptocurrencies as a whole.

Many people dont seem to care who Nakamoto is, and unless Nakamoto one day decides to step out from the shadows, there isnt really much we can do to find out their identity and probably not much to be gained from it either.

Bitcoin hasnt and never existed in a vacuum. It wasnt something that suddenly showed up out of the blue, but was created by building off the ideas of multiple people over several decades. And while Satoshi Nakamoto helped push the industry to new limits, they werent the only person/people capable of doing so.

Satoshi Nakamoto has been instrumental in the cryptocurrency market for sure, but they also havent really been involved in it in any meaningful way since 2010. Most of the open-source code has been rewritten by a group of programmers whose identities are known,drawing focus away from Nakamoto. So while it might be interested in finally learn who Satoshi Nakamoto really is, it wouldnt likely have a big impact.

However, despite their anonymity, Satoshi Nakamoto is estimated to be worth upwards of $20 billion (although the exact number varies widely from $6-20 billion, but theyre still a millionaire whichever way you spin it) and could be the 44th richest person in the world, according to Forbes.

Knowing who holds that much money (5% of the entire bitcoin stash) could definitely have lasting implications, but wont likely affect the future of cryptocurrencies as a whole.

So for now the identity of the father of cryptocurrency will remain a mystery. But bitcoin and other currencies like it will continue to have lasting impacts on money for a very long time.

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Libertarianism – Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This page is about free-market individualism. Some people (especially in Europe and Latin America) use the word libertarianism to refer to "libertarian socialism" (see anarchism)

Libertarianism is an idea in ethics and politics. The word comes from the word "liberty". Simply put, libertarians believe that people should be able to do whatever they desire as long as their actions do not harm others. As a result, Libertarians want to limit the government's power so people can have as much freedom as possible.

Libertarianism grew out of liberalism as a movement in the 1800s. Many of the beliefs of libertarianism are similar to the beliefs in classical liberalism. It also has roots in anarchism and the Austrian School of economics.

Like other people, libertarians oppose slavery, rape, theft, murder, and all other examples of initiated violence.

Libertarians believe that no person can justly own or control the body of another person, what they call "self-ownership" or "individual sovereignty." In simple words, every person has a right to control her or his own body.

In the 19th century, United States libertarians like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and Lysander Spooner were all abolitionists. Abolitionists were people who wanted to end slavery right away.

Garrison based his opposition to slavery on the idea of self-ownership. Since you have a natural right to control your own body, no one else has any right to steal that control from you. Garrison and Douglass both called slave masters "man stealers."

If you have a right to control your own body, then no one has a right to start violence (or force) against you.

Some libertarians believe that all violence is unjust. These libertarians are often called "anarcho-pacifists". Robert LeFevre was a libertarian who rejected all violence. However, most libertarians believe that there are some ways violence can be justified.

One thing that justifies violence is self defense. If someone is violent towards you, you have a right to defend yourself with equal force.

The libertarian Murray N. Rothbard said that it would be wrong to kill someone for stealing a pack of gum. If you steal gum, this is an act of violence against the property owner. The owner has a right to use defensive violence to get the gum back, but killing the thief goes too far. That is too much force because it is not equal to the force used by the thief. Punishment must be equal to the crime. A student and colleague of his, Walter Block, said that a punishment shouldn't be equal to the crime, but rather enough to make up for the damage the crime caused plus how much it cost to catch the criminal.

Some libertarians believe that it is your moral duty to defend yourself and your property if you can. This belief is usually held by Objectivists. These people believe that pacifism is immoral. Most libertarians reject this view.

All libertarians believe that it is wrong to start violence against any person or against what he or she owns. They call this the "non-aggression principle."

Ownership is the right to control something. Property is the thing that you control.

Libertarians believe that property rights come from self-ownership. This means that because you have a right to control your own body, you also have a right to control what you make with it.

The English philosopher John Locke said that a person comes to own something by using it. So, if you turn an area that no-one else owns into a farm and use it, that area becomes your property. This is called the "homestead principle."

Libertarians also say that you can become a legitimate owner by receiving something as a gift or by trading it with someone for something they own. You do not become a legitimate owner by stealing. You also do not become a legitimate owner by simply saying you own something. If you have not "homesteaded" the thing or received it through trade or gift, you do not own it.

Libertarians are opposed to states (or governments) creating any "laws" that tell people what they can and cannot do with their own bodies. The only legitimate laws are laws that say a person may not start violence against other people or their legitimate property. All "laws" stopping people from doing nonviolent things should be repealed, according to libertarians. (These "laws" are usually called "victimless crimes" because there is no victim if there is no theft.)

In most countries, the state (or government) takes tax money from the people. All libertarians support cutting taxes back, and some libertarians believe the state should not take tax money at all. Libertarians think people can take care of the poor without the government. They believe that people should pay for the things that they want to use, but not have to pay for other things that they do not want. Tax evasion (refusal to pay taxes to the state) is a victimless crime. Libertarians would prefer to see taxation replaced with lotteries, user fees, and endowments.

Libertarians think everyone should be allowed to decide what is good or bad for her/his own body. Libertarians think if people want to drive cars without wearing seat belts, it is their own choice. They should not be forcibly stopped from doing that, not even by the state. If a person wants to donate all of her/his money to a charity, or waste it all gambling, that is also something she/he should decide for herself/himself. No one should be forcibly stopped from doing that, not even by the state. Libertarians even say that if adults want to use harmful drugs, they should be allowed to do that, even if it spoils their lives. It is the drug user's own choice because it is the drug user's own body. As long as the drug user does not start using violence against other people or their legitimate property, no one should use violence against the drug user or the drug user's legitimate property, not even the government.

Many libertarians also believe that families and friends should look after people so that they will not use drugs, drive without seat belts, or do other things that are dangerous for them. But no one can force others to do things that they do not want to do, or to stop them from doing nonviolent things that they want to do.

There are two basic types of libertarians. All libertarians fall into one of these two broad types.

Minarchists are libertarians who believe that society should have a state with very limited power. They typically believe that the only things the state should have are police and judges to make sure that people obey the laws. Some also believe in having a military to make sure that no one attacks the country. Some minarchists believe in having a small amount of taxation.

Two famous minarchist libertarians are Robert Nozick and Ayn Rand. Nozick believed that the only legitimate thing a state can do is have a police force. He called his legitimate state a "night-watchman state." Rand believed that the state should have a police force and a court system.

Libertarian anarchists usually call themselves anarcho-capitalists, free-market anarchists, individualist anarchists, or just anarchists.

Libertarian anarchists do not believe the state is needed. They believe that people can organise their own lives and businesses. They want to replace the state with voluntary organisations, including charities, private companies, voluntary unions, and mutual aid societies. They also want to end all forced taxation.

They say that state police can be replaced with "DROs" (Dispute Resolution Organisations) or "private protection agencies." They also say that state judges can be replaced with "private arbitration."

The most famous libertarian anarchist was Murray N. Rothbard. Others include Lysander Spooner, Benjamin R. Tucker, and Linda & Morris Tannehill.

Most libertarians fall under one of the two types of libertarians listed above. But there are other types, too.

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Libertarianism - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

How to use the Tor Browser to surf the web anonymously

Recently, BoingBoing ran an article about how some librarians in Massachusetts were installing Tor software in all their public PCs to anonymize the browsing habits of their patrons. The librarians are doing this as a stand against passive government surveillance as well as companies that track users online and build dossiers to serve highly-targeted advertising.

It's an interesting project and a bold stand for user privacy. But the good news is that if you want to browse anonymously, you don't have to go to the library to use Tor. Connecting to the Tor network from your own PC is quick and painless thanks to the Tor project's dead simple Tor Browser. (Want even more privacy? Check out the top picks from our VPN reviews.)

Tor is a computer network run by volunteers worldwide. Each volunteer runs what is called a relay, which is just a computer that runs software allowing users to connect to the Internet via the Tor network.

Before hitting the open Internet, the Tor Browser will connect to several different relays, wiping its tracks each step of the way, making it difficult to figure out where, and who, you really are.

While Tor is gaining a reputation as a tool for buying illicit goods online, the software has numerous legitimate uses. Activists masking their location from oppressive regimes and journalists communicating with anonymous sources are two simple examples.

If, like the librarians in Massachusetts, you don't have an exotic reason for using Tor, it's still a good tool to keep your browsing private from your ISP, advertisers, or passive government data collection. But if the NSA or other three-letter agency decided to actively target your browsing habits that's a whole different ballgame.

The easiest way to use Tor is to download the Tor Browser. This is a modified version of Firefox along with a bunch of other software that connects you to the Tor network.

Once you've downloaded the installer, you have two options: You can just install the software or you can check the installation file's GPG signature first. Some people like to check the installation file to make sure they've downloaded the proper version of the browser and not something that's been tampered with.

But checking the GPG signature is not a painless process and requires an additional software download. Nevertheless, if that's something you'd like to do, the Tor Project has a how-to explaining what's required.

Whether or not you've checked the GPG signature, the next step is to install the Tor browser itself.

You can install the Tor browser on a USB stick.

For Windows, the Tor Browser comes as an EXE file, so it's basically like installing any other program. The key difference is that the browser doesn't have the same default location as most programs. Instead, it offers your desktop as the install location.

The Tor browser does this because it is portable software and doesn't integrate into a Windows system the way typical programs do. This means you can run the Tor browser from almost anywherethe Desktop, your documents folder, or even a USB drive.

When you arrive at the Choose install location window Click Browse... and then choose where you'd like to install the browser. As you can see in the image above, I installed it to a USB drive that I tote around on my key chain.

Once you've got your location selected, just press Install and Tor takes care of the rest.

Once the browser is installed, you'll have a plain old folder called Tor Browser. Open that and inside you'll see "Start Tor Browser.exe". Click that file and a new window opens asking whether you'd like to connect directly to the Tor network or if you need to configure proxy settings first.

Most people can simply connect directly to the Tor network to get started. (Click to enlarge.)

For most people, choosing the direct option is best, so choose Connect. A few seconds later a version of Firefox will launch and you are now connected to the Tor network and able to browser in relative anonymity.

To make sure you're connected to Tor go to whatismyip.com, which will automatically detect your location based on your Internet Protocol address. If your browser shows you coming from a location that is not your own, you are good to go. Just make sure you do all your anonymous browsing from the Tor Browser itself as other programs on your system are not connected to Tor.

But browsing anonymously on Tor isn't quite as easy as booting up a program. There are also some rules of the road you should observe, such as connecting to every site possible via SSL/TSL encryption (HTTPS). If you don't, then anything you do online can be observed by the person running your exit node. The browser has the Electronic Frontier Foundation's HTTPS Everywhere add-on installed by default, which should cover your SSL/TSL needs most of the time.

The Tor Project has more tips on browsing anonymously.

Also, remember that browsing in anonymity does not make you immune to viruses and other malware. If you are going to the seedier parts of the Internet, Tor cannot protect you from malicious software that could be used to reveal your location.

For the average Internet user, however, the Tor Browser should be enough to stay private online.

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How to use the Tor Browser to surf the web anonymously

California Beaches | Vacation Travel Guide for Beaches in …

California Beaches provide one of the most popularvacations in the USA and the trends tells uswhy. 54% of the nations population lives within 50miles of shorelines, and more people are moving tocoastal areas every day. That's why our Californiabeach travel guide was designed to assist more than85% of travelers in Calif., who are local residents,and visitors from around the nation andinternationally who seek to grab some of that famoussunshine!

It's no mystery whybeaches & citieshold great allurestand on a busy Los Angeles beachduring a hot summer day to view the happy people(including celebrities) seeking relaxation andrecreation. Take one look and you'll be hooked!

500 California beaches offer tourists diverse landscapes, activities, & attractions toexplore along 1,000 miles of the USA's west coast.Paralleling and sometimes veering away from thePacific Ocean are flat, sandy expanses and rockyshores. What are the best beaches in California? Ourtop 10 beach picks are: San Diego's Ocean Beach(OB), Encinitas, Laguna Beach (all 26 beaches!),Newport Beach, Huntington Beach, Santa Barbara,Pismo Beach, Carmel, Santa Cruz and Ocean Beach SanFrancisco.

California Beaches alphabetical list provides resources, videos, pictures of beaches,piers, sunsets, surfers, and sunbathing information.The vacation guide has top quality photos to help plan your trip with alittle help from your friends. We'retraveling and searching for insider tipsto over 1,000 beaches, holiday vacations &destinations you won't find in the other travelguides. Summer is most popular for visits to thebest beaches in California and the good news is thataffordable prices for beach hotels can be found,along with shopping deals, and even delicious, cheapmeals! World famous CA really has it all.

California Events: Festivals & Fairs,Cruises, Parades, Car Shows, Art Walks and Concerts inCalifornia calendar of events celebrate holidays,culture, sports & food.

CHECK PRICES Search for hotel rooms, look at thehotel locator maps, pictures, and evenattraction tickets to major theme parks.

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Southern California Beaches and Coastal Towns

Southern California Beaches and Coastal Towns

The San Diego County coastline starts at the border with Mexico and runs north to Orange County. In between are over 100 named beaches with a lot of diversity.

See Beaches

Orange County is sandwiched between the large urban metropolises of San Diego and LA. The OC coastal cities are smaller in size, but they compete in the quantity and quality of their beaches.

See Beaches

Los Angeles County is home to about ten million people and on sunny days it seems like most are at the beach. Luckily there are many amazing beaches from Long Beach to Malibu to choose from.

See Beaches

Catalina Island is a short ferry ride away from ports in Long Beach, Dana Point, and Los Angeles. Catalina's public beaches are yours to discover.

See Beaches

Renting a vacation home in Malibu is one of the best ways to stay and enjoy this stretch of the California Coast. There are few hotels in Malibu and they []

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Rancho Palos Verdes has few hotels, but it has many vacation rentals available. Some of these vacation rentals by owner are located inside the Terranea Resort property, but others are []

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Solana Beach is one of those places on the California coast that doesnt have many hotels, yet it should be a considered for any Southern California vacation. There are several []

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The luxurious Omni La Costa Resort presents elegant accommodations with exceptional amenities to match. With around 600 modernly appointed guestrooms, villas and suites, the large resort also supplies two championship []

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The Las Americas Premium Outlets make up a large open-air outlet mall located on the US side of the Mexico Border south of San Diego. This is a huge mall []

See attraction

Take time to play Golf Gardens the 18-hole putt-putt miniature golf course that has been entertaining Catalina Island visitors for about 40 years. This is one of those things that []

See attraction

Bayview Park is a hidden gem on Coronado Island. It has one of the best views of the San Diego Skyline and yet this small pocket park is seldom visited []

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Southern California Beaches and Coastal Towns

Beaches Turks & Caicos Review – Family Vacation Critic

1 Lower Bight Road, Providenciales B.W.I, Turks & Caicos

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The expansive resort is truly a wonderland, following a $125-million expansion comprised of the Italian Village, Key West Village, new pools and restaurants, and an enhanced Pirate's Island Waterpark, the largest aqua playground in the Caribbean. The water park, now expanded to 10 times its original size, features eight slides, a Body Glove Waves surf simulator, a 650-foot lazy river and much more.

Families revel in the resort's 21 onsite restaurants with an array

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The Italian Village also has its own 14,000-square-foot pool with a signature swim-up bar; an expanded Kids Camp facility for ages 5 to 12, with an arts and crafts center; a teen lounge with arcade games and foosball; Liquid, an aqua-themed nightclub for teens; 7,000 square feet of retail space; and five gourmet restaurants, plus a wood-fired pizza oven. There are Imperial Suites and other top-tier suite offerings in the Italian Village for the discerning family. Some of the top-tier suites also have butler service.

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Real time satellite tracking for: SPACE STATION – N2YO.com

SOYUZ MS-06 RETURNS THREE ISS CREW MEMBERS TO EARTH - Expedition 54 Flight Engineers Mark Vande Hei and Joe Acaba of NASA and Commander Alexander Misurkin of Roscosmos have returned from the International Space Station (ISS) in their Soyuz MS-06 spacecraft. The trio landed on the steppes of Kazakhstan around 02:31 UTC.During their 168 days in space, they were part of the first expedition that began a long-term increase in the crew size on the U.S. segment from three people to four, enabling NASA to double the time dedicated to research surpassing 100 hours of research in one week. More (Source: NASASpaceFlight.com - Mar 1)

SECOND OF NOAAS HIGH-DEFINITION WEATHER SATELLITES READY FOR LAUNCH - The second satellite in a quartet of new NOAA weather observatories is awaiting liftoff Thursday aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket, heading for a position 22,000 miles from Earth to scan the western United States and Pacific Ocean for typhoons, wildfires and fog.The GOES-S weather satellite, to be renamed GOES-17 once in orbit, is bolted on top of a 197-foot-tall (60-meter) Atlas 5 rocket set for launch from Cape Canaveral at 5:02 p.m. EST (2202 GMT) Thursday.The launch window extends for two hours, and the official weather outlook calls for an 80 percent probability of favorable conditions. More (Source: SpaceFlight Now - Mar 1)

NEW SATELLITE WILL SHIFT SHAPE WHILE IN SPACE - While the U.S. and Russia often steal the scene when it comes to wondrous space missions, in Europe the U.K is launching a new satellite that is sure to surprise its international partners. The Eutelsat Quantum satellite, built by the firm Airbus, will be the first commercial satellite equipped to shapeshift while in orbit. Operators will be able to reconfigure the satellite in real time, modifying elements such as its frequency and the areas of the earth it covers. Speaking with Phys.org, Yohann Leroy, deputy CEO of French satellite operator Eutelsat, said that what is really new is the level of flexibility that the satellite will provide [] thanks to a combination of technologies that we will put on board the satellite. More (Source: Futurism - Feb 28)

RUSSIA CLAIMS IT NOW HAS LASERS TO SHOOT SATELLITES - A defense source tells Russian media that military engineers have advanced work on the next big anti-satellite weapon.Russian defense companies have created a plane-mounted laser that can hit satellites at least according to an anonymous source quoted by Russian news agency Interfax. On Saturday, an Interfax report cited the source as saying that weapons maker Almaz-Antey has completed work on the anti-satellite complex, which includes the laser and associated ground control gear. More (Source: Defense One - Feb 28)

STATION HATCHES CLOSED, TRIO PREPARES TO HEAD HOME - At 2:58 p.m. EST, the hatch closed between the Soyuz MS-06 spacecraft and the International Space Station in preparation for undocking. Expedition 54 crewmates Mark Vande Hei and Joe Acaba of NASA and Commander Alexander Misurkin of Roscosmos are scheduled to undock their Soyuz at 6:08 p.m. NASA Television will air live coverage of undocking beginning at 5:45 p.m. More (Source: NASA - Feb 28)

EUTELSAT QUANTUM EUROPE'S NEW-GENERATION ULTRA-FLEXIBLE SATELLITE - This Monday, Eutelsat, Airbus and ESA presented the new Quantum satellite in Portsmouth, UK. A communications satellite of the latest generation, it is much more versatile than anything that came before. On July 9th 2015, less than three years ago, Eutelsat, Airbus, and the European Space Agency (ESA) signed an agreement for the construction of a telecommunications satellite called the "Quantum" that would be very different from all its predecessors. And now construction is finished: On Monday, the engineering partners presented the Quantum in the British coastal town of Portsmouth, with ESA astronaut Tim Peake in attendance. More (Source: Deutsche Welle - Feb 27)

JAPAN LAUNCHES H-2A ROCKET CARRYING RECONNAISSANCE SATELLITE - Japan on Tuesday launched an H-2A rocket carrying a government intelligence-gathering satellite from the Tanegashima Space Center in southwestern Japan.The optical reconnaissance satellite will be used for such purposes as monitoring developments at North Korean missile launch facilities, increasing the number of the nation's intelligence-gathering satellites to seven.The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. launched the H-2A F38 rocket from JAXA's launch site in Kagoshima Prefecture. More (Source: Kyodo News Plus - Feb 27)

SPACE HOTELS COULD BE REALITY BY 2021 - For many of us, space tourism seems pretty far off.But according to the Daily Mail, the ultra-wealthy could be making reservations in a space hotel as early as 2021.Once again, we are all super jealous of rich people and their extravagant travel plans. Billionaire hotel mogul, Robert Bigelow, founder of private space company Bigelow Aerospace, has announced the companys plans to send an inflatable hotel into orbit and create a new space station. More (Source: Travel Weekly - Feb 27)

JAPANESE SPY SATELLITE LAUNCH DELAYED BY POOR WEATHER FORECAST - A bad weather forecast has prompted Japanese space officials to delay the launch of an H-2A rocket with a high-resolution government-owned reconnaissance satellite by at least 48 hours until Monday night, U.S. time.Ground crews at the Tanegashima Space Center, Japans primary spaceport in the southwestern part of the country, will keep the H-2A rocket protected inside a vertical assembly building before rollout to the launch pad around a half-day before liftoff. More (Source: SpaceFlight Now - Feb 25)

SPACEX POSTPONES FALCON 9 LAUNCH OVER PAYLOAD FAIRING CONCERNS - SpaceX officials have postponed the launch of a Spanish-owned telecommunications satellite from Cape Canaveral planned for this weekend to conduct additional testing on the Falcon 9s payload fairing pressurization system, the company announced Saturday.SpaceX did not set a new launch date, but the mission was expected to be pushed back multiple days from its previous Sunday launch target.Standing down from this weekends launch attempt to conduct additional testing on the fairings pressurization system, SpaceX said in a statement posted on Twitter. Once complete, and pending range availability, we will confirm a new targeted launch date. More (Source: SpaceFlight Now - Feb 25)

ASTRONAUT: TRUMP'S PLAN FOR THE SPACE STATION A HUGE MISTAKE - Donald Trump's administration is floating a proposal to return to the moon -- and to shut down the International Space Station to help pay for it. The first part of this idea is good. The second is horrible. If enacted, it could well spell the end of NASA's human spaceflight for the foreseeable future.There is a wild card here, too: I refer to the commercial spaceflight efforts of companies like Elon Musk's SpaceX and Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin. For the first time, visionary leaders of commercial companies are striving to build space infrastructure and exploration programs funded by commercial activities. Yes, there is the possibility of NASA partnering with them, but that is not the pressing question in my view now; the continuation of ISS is. More (Source: CNN - Feb 23)

LOCKHEED MARTIN COMPLETES ASSEMBLY ON ARABSAT'S NEWEST COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE - A new, high-capacity communications satellite that will deliver TV, internet and mobile phone services to the Middle East, Africa and Europe is one step closer to launch. Lockheed Martin has completed assembly on the Arabsat-6A satellite, which was recently shipped to its Sunnyvale, California facility to begin a comprehensive series of tests to ensure the satellite is ready for operations in orbit."This new satellite will strengthen our existing fleet that offers millions of people mobile and landline communications service across the region," said Khalid Balkheyour, CEO of Arabsat. "We look forward to completing and launching this state-of-the-art new satellite to offer even greater internet, television and radio services to our customers." More (Source: Space Daily - Feb 23)

THE LOW-COST MINI SATELLITES BRINGING MOBILE TO THE WORLD - Large chunks of the planet are still of out of reach of mobile phone signals - that's about four billion people without access to digital communications. But this could change thanks to shrinking satellite sizes and costs.Lower-cost, space-based mobile phone services will soon be a reality thanks to one firm's fleet of nano-satellites that will bounce your voice or text signal from one spacecraft to the next and finally down to the person you're calling. More (Source: BBN News - Feb 23)

RECYCLED SPACEX ROCKET BOOSTS PAZ RADAR SATELLITE, FIRST STARLINK TESTBEDS INTO ORBIT - Launching with a Spanish radar observation craft and the first two experimental satellites for SpaceXs planned global broadband network, a Falcon 9 rocket fired away from Californias Central Coast shortly before sunrise Thursday after several days of delays.The 229-foot-tall (70-meter) Falcon 9 launcher climbed into a clear sky from Space Launch Complex 4-East at Vandenberg Air Force Base, riding a column of orange exhaust from nine kerosene-burning Merlin main engines. More (Source: SpaceFlight Now - Feb 22)

ARMYS IMAGING SATELLITE UP AND RUNNING, BUT ITS FUTURE IS TBD - How valuable is it for troops in the field to have their own dedicated source of satellite imagery and other space-based intelligence? That is a question officials hope to answer in upcoming military exercises where commanders will have an opportunity to test the Armys newly deployed Kestrel Eye microsatellite.The Kestrel Eye Block IIM was sent into orbit in October from the International Space Station. It is now operational, said Dan Harkins, marketing manager at Adcole Maryland Aerospace, the satellite manufacturer. More (Source: SpaceNews - Feb 22)

SPACEX DELAYS FALCON 9 ROCKET LAUNCH DUE TO HIGH-ALTITUDE WINDS - SpaceX called off an attempted launch of its Falcon 9 rocket in California today (Feb. 21) due to strong high-altitude winds, according to the company's CEO, Elon Musk.The Falcon 9 rocket was scheduled to lift off at 9:17 a.m. EST (1417 GMT) from Space Launch Complex 4E at California's Vandenberg Air Force Base. But about 10 minutes before liftoff, SpaceX announced it was standing down from the launch try. More (Source: Space.com - Feb 22)

GOODBYE, ISS. HELLO, PRIVATE SPACE STATIONS? - Have you heard? The ISS might go away in 2025. Yep, that ISSour big, honking space laboratory in the sky, one of the most successful international partnership stories of all time. Continually staffed since 2000. Off the Earth, for the Earth. One of the most expensive public projects ever, second possibly only to Americas Interstate Highway System. Unofficially, 2025 has been the stations retirement year since 2014, when NASA and its international partners agreed to keep it flying through 2024. But theres always been an assumption that end date could stretch to 2028, a point cited as when degrading hardware might start making life aboard the station a little dicey. More (Source: The Planetary Society - Feb 21)

GOES-S TO LAUNCH NEXT WEEK JOINING GOES-16 IN NOAAS NEW GENERATION OF WEATHER SATELLITES - Americas fleet of weather satellites will grow this March as NASA and NOAA launch GOES-S, the newest satellite that will help meteorologists to improve forecast accuracy.GOES-S will be the second member of a new generation of geostationary weather satellites, joining GOES-16, formerly known as GOES-R, which launched on Nov. 19, 2016The GOES-S satellite will join GOES-16 as NOAA continues to upgrade its satellite fleet, Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross said. More (Source: Accuweather - Feb 21)

SPACEX LAUNCH OF PAZ AND MICROSAT-2A AND -2B POSTPONED - The launch of the Spanish PAZ satellite from Vandenberg AFB by SpaceX has been postponed, with a reference to "technical reasons" by that country's Ministry of Defense as the reason for the new delay. PAZ, when on orbit, will perform both military and civil operations, such as troop movements, environmental observations and more. More (Source: SatNews - Feb 19)

NASA EVICTS GOLD-HELMETED ROBO-ASTRONAUT FROM SPACE - NASA is sending the ISS Robonaut a sinister-looking humanoid with legs like tentacles back to Earth for repairs.Robonaut 2 has officially been out of action since 2015 after a hardware upgrade went terribly wrong leaving the dexterous humanoid incapacitated.Following failed attempts to get the gold-helmeted action man back on its feet, it will now be sent home for a fix, with the intention of one day returning to the International Space Station. More (Source: RT - Feb 17)

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Real time satellite tracking for: SPACE STATION - N2YO.com

Chess Engines Chess Tech

Chess engines are the brains of any chess program. Most modern engines come as separate entities to be added to your favorite GUI (Graphical User Interface). This post is aimed at helping you get some free chess engines and prepare them to install in your favorite GUI. Ill cover the GUI installation in separate posts.

How do you know what engines are the best?

Here is a list of the top rated free engines. http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/4040/rating_list_pure_free.html

Where can I get these engines? Well you can Google them by name. Komodo Chess Engine for example. Just Google Komodo and youll get a lot of links to the lizard.

Below are links to the current top three free engines. After you download them. You will need to unzip them. I recommend keeping them in their own folder. First I would make a folder called chess engines somewhere easy to find. Because you may want to use these engines in more than one program. Example c:chess enginesFire5

Komodo https://komodochess.com/Stockfish https://stockfishchess.org/Fire https://chesslogik.wixsite.com/fire

The engines will often come in 32 bit and 64 bit versions. They may have both versions inside the zipped file. If you have to select at the time of download you need to know which kind of computer you have. This is how you can tellhttps://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001121.htm.

So there may be a x32 (32 bit) version a x64 (64 bit) version. Also you may see bmi2 and popcnt versions. These additional versions are compiled to take advantage of special features built into specific microprocessors. The speed gained by running these versions are small but feel free to try them. If they dont run just switch back to the plain version. The BMI version may require changing settings in your computer bios. If you you want to do that here is a thread on that topic.http://www.chess2u.com/t10505-bmi2-or-popcnt

All about chess engines. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_engine

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What is CR? – critical rationalism blog

I like to think of CR (critical rationalism) as a kind of evolving philosophical tradition concerning how we should approach knowledge. It is the Socratic method only with a little bit of modern awareness. While most philosophical traditions regard knowledge as something that has to be certain and justified, CR takes the view that we dont have ultimate answers, but knowledge is nevertheless possible. Truth is an endless quest.

The modern founder of critical rationalism was Karl Popper. Popper pointed out we can never justify anything, we merely criticize and weed out bad ideas and work with whats left. Poppers initial emphasis was on empirical science, where he solved the problem of induction, something that had been haunting philosophers and scientists for centuries. The problem of induction is this. No matter how many times weve seen an apple fall to the ground after weve dropped it, do we have any way to prove the same thing will happen next time we drop it. The answer is no. What Popper pointed out is that you can never justify any scientific theory, but you can falsify it. If I were to claim that all swans were white, one black swan would falsify my theory. In this way, science moves forward by weeding out bad theories, so to speak.

Popper said that science moves forward through a method of conjecture and refutation. While Popper was primarily interested in science, he often commented on political problems as well. Popper liked to emphasize the need for an open society, a society where people can speak out and criticize. After all, if science progresses through refutations, criticizing becomes essential. We need to speak out and therefore we need the freedom to do so. Popper was against any form of government that didnt give people the chance to speak out. Poppers thinking could probably best be summed up in this quote, I may be wrong and you may be right, and by an effort, we may get nearer to the truth.

Popper worked hard to expand his ideas, and so have several other people. CR should not be viewed as one mans philosophy, but as a growing philosophical tradition. One in which several people have contributed and are still contributing. One notable person was William Warren Bartley, III. Bartley worked towards expanding the idea of critical rationalism to cover all areas of knowledge, not just empirical science. Bartley felt that while in almost all areas of knowledge we seek justification, we should instead seek criticism. While nothing can ever be justified in any ultimate sense, certainly we can see error and weed it out. This is true whether we are dealing with empirical science and perhaps even knowledge of what is ethical. An important part of Bartleys thinking could probably best be summed up in this quote, How can our intellectual life and institutions, our tradition, and even our etiquette, sensibility, manners and customs, and behavior patterns, be arranged so as to expose our beliefs, conjectures, ideologies, policies, positions, programs, sources of ideas, traditions, and the like, to optimum criticism, so as at once to counteract and eliminate as much intellectual error as possible, and also so as to contribute to and insure the fertility of the intellectual econiche: to create an environment in which not only negative criticism but also positive creation of ideas, and the development of rationality, are truly inspired.

Neither Bartley or Popper have exhaustively explored the full potential of the CR philosophical tradition. Indeed, there are unlimited possibilities. While CR often emphasizes criticism, it also encourages new approaches and creative thinking. We need to come up with as many new ideas as we can, then let the process of criticism weed out the less workable ones. As CR accepts that the truth is out there and we are working towards it, it is actually a very optimistic philosophical tradition. Perhaps the most optimistic among the big three philosophical traditions. What are the big three traditions. Let me give you a quick summary.

One, dogmatism. Decide that you are privy to ultimate truth and then just follow that truth no matter what. Does such an attitude contribute to fanaticism? Perhaps.

Two, pessimism. Decide that truth is impossible, relative, random, meaningless. Just do whatever you want because nothing matters anyway. Does such an attitude contribute to random violence? Perhaps.

Three, critical rationalism, the truth is out there, but no one has a monopoly on it, so lets work together to try and get a little closer to it. Does such an attitude contribute to progress and mutual respect? More than likely.

If youd like more details than this then thats what this blog is for, please look around and explore.

Matt Dioguardi, blog administrator

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What is CR? - critical rationalism blog

Summit Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility

Summit is the next leap in leadership-class computing systems for open science. With Summit we will be able to address, with greater complexity and higher fidelity, questions concerning who we are, our place on earth, and in our universe.

Summit will deliver more than five times the computational performance of Titans 18,688 nodes, using only approximately 4,600 nodes when it arrives in 2018. Like Titan, Summit will have a hybrid architecture, and each node will contain multiple IBM POWER9 CPUs and NVIDIA Volta GPUs all connected together with NVIDIAs high-speed NVLink. Each node will have over half a terabyte of coherent memory (high bandwidth memory + DDR4) addressable by all CPUs and GPUs plus 800GB of non-volatile RAM that can be used as a burst buffer or as extended memory. To provide a high rate of I/O throughput, the nodes will be connected in a non-blocking fat-tree using a dual-rail Mellanox EDR InfiniBand interconnect.

Upon completion, Summit will allow researchers in all fields of science unprecedented access to solving some of the worlds most pressing challenges.

The System User Guide is the definitive source of information about Summit, and details everything from connecting to running complex workflows. Please direct questions about Summit and its usage to the OLCF User Assistance Center by emailing help@olcf.ornl.gov.

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Summit Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility

Index of Economic Freedom – heritage.org

Download PDF Quick Facts

Brazils economic freedom score is 51.4, making its economy the 153rd freest in the 2018 Index. Its overall score has decreased by 1.5 points, with a steep drop in fiscal health and declines in labor freedom, business freedom, government spending, and government integrity overwhelming improvements in judicial effectiveness and property rights. Brazil is ranked 27th among 32 countries in the Americas region, and its overall score is below the regional and world averages.

Since taking office in August 2016, President Michel Temer has proposed economic reforms to slow the growth of government spending and reduce barriers to foreign investment. Government spending growth helped to push public debt to 70 percent of GDP at the end of 2016, up from 50 percent in 2012. Policies to strengthen Brazils workforce and industrial sector, such as local content requirements, may have increased employment at the expense of investment.

Brazil, the worlds fifth-largest country, has a mostly coastal population of more than 200 million and is dominated by the Amazon River and the worlds largest rain forest. Public corruption scandals have led to political chaos. Former President Luiz Incio Lula da Silva of the socialist Workers Party faces multiple judicial trials on charges of corruption. His successor, Dilma Rousseff, continued his leftist and populist agenda but was impeached and removed from office early in her second term for alleged budgetary misconduct to boost vote-buying during an ongoing economic downturn precipitated by crashing commodity prices. Michel Temer, a market-oriented centrist who then assumed the presidency, has also been tainted by allegations of corruption. His top priority has been consolidation of public finances.

Property rights are enforced, but challenges to intellectual property rights persist in Brazil. The judiciary, although largely independent, is overburdened, inefficient, and often subject to intimidation and other external influences. Corruption and graft remain pervasive, especially among elected officials, undermining the governments ability to make and implement policy without undue influence from private or criminal interests.

The personal income tax rate is 27.5 percent. The standard corporate rate is 15 percent, but other taxes, including a financial transactions tax, make the effective rate 34 percent. The overall tax burden equals 32.0 percent of total domestic income. Over the past three years, government spending has amounted to 40.5 percent of total output (GDP), and budget deficits have averaged 8.4 percent of GDP. Public debt is equivalent to 78.3 percent of GDP.

High nonsalary labor costs, low domestic productivity, and ongoing political uncertainties hamper business formation. Business owners often complain about the Custo Brasil (Brazil Cost), including poor infrastructure, rigid labor laws, and complex tax, local content, and regulatory requirements. The government has cut back on subsidized lending by the national development bank (BNDES) and has reduced fuel subsidies.

Trade is moderately important to Brazils economy; the combined value of exports and imports equals 25 percent of GDP. The average applied tariff rate is 8.3 percent. Nontariff barriers impede trade. Government openness to foreign investment is below average. Banking and capital markets are diversified and growing, but state involvement in credit markets has expanded steadily, and public banks account for 50 percent of loans to the private sector.

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Index of Economic Freedom - heritage.org