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The Origins of Libertarianism: Nathaniel Branden

Posted on June 4, 2018 by ev1

A Bit of History

When I first heard the term libertarianism in the early 1950s, I mentioned it to Ayn Rand as a possible name for our political philosophy. She was suspicious of the term and inclined to dismiss it as a neologism. Its a mouthful, she remarked. And it sounds too much like a made-up word.

I answered, Maybe so, but what alternative do we have?

She said, Were advocates of laissez-faire capitalism.

I answered, Sure, but thats kind of a mouthful too its not a one-word name and besides, it puts the whole emphasis on economics and politics and we stand for something wider and more comprehensive: were champions of individual rights. Were advocates of a non-coercive society.

I suggested that libertarianism could convey all that by means of a single word especially if we were to define libertarianism as a social system that (a) barred the initiation of force from all human relationships and (b) was based on the inviolability of individual rights.

Ayn considered this suggestion briefly, then shook her head and said, No. It sounds too much like a made-up word.

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The Origins of Libertarianism: Nathaniel Branden

Store Nootropics Expert

Posted on June 4, 2018 by jessica

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Artificial Superintelligence: The Coming Revolution …

Posted on June 3, 2018 by Danzig

by William Bryk

The science fiction writer Arthur Clarke famously wrote, Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Yet, humanity may be on the verge of something much greater, a technology so revolutionary that it would be indistinguishable not merely from magic, but from an omnipresent force, a deity here on Earth. Its known as artificial super-intelligence (ASI), and, although it may be hard to imagine, many experts believe it could become a reality within our lifetimes.

Weve all encountered artificial intelligence (AI) in the media. We hear about it in science fiction movies like Avengers Age of Ultron and in news articles about companies such as Facebook analyzing our behavior. But artificial intelligence has so far been hiding on the periphery of our lives, nothing as revolutionary to society as portrayed in films.

In recent decades, however, serious technological and computational progress has led many experts to acknowledge this seemingly inevitable conclusion: Within a few decades, artificial intelligence could progress from a machine intelligence we currently understand to an unbounded intelligence unlike anything even the smartest among us could grasp. Imagine a mega-brain, electric not organic, with an IQ of 34,597. With perfect memory and unlimited analytical power, this computational beast could read all of the books in the Library of Congress the first millisecond you press enter on the program, and then integrate all that knowledge into a comprehensive analysis of humanitys 4,000 year intellectual journey before your next blink.

The history of AI is a similar story of exponential growth in intelligence. In 1936, Alan Turing published his landmark paper on Turing Machines, laying the theoretical framework for the modern computer. He introduced the idea that a machine composed of simple switchesons and offs, 0s and 1scould think like a human and perhaps outmatch one.1 Only 75 years later, in 2011, IBMs AI bot Watson sent shocks around the world when it beat two human competitors in Jeopardy.2 Recently big data companies, such as Google, Facebook and Apple, have invested heavily in artificial intelligence and have helped support a surge in the field. Every time Facebook tags your friend autonomously or you yell at Siri incensed and yet she still interprets your words is a testament to how far artificial intelligence has come. Soon, you will sit in the backseat of an Uber without a driver, Siri will listen and speak more eloquently than you do (in every language), and IBMs Watson will analyze your medical records and become your personal, all-knowing doctor.3

While these soon-to-come achievements are tremendous, there are many who doubt the impressiveness of artificial intelligence, attributing their so-called intelligence to the intelligence of the human programmers behind the curtain. Before responding to such reactions, it is worth noting that the gradual advance of technology desensitizes us to the wonders of artificial intelligence that already permeate our technological lives. But skeptics do have a point. Current AI algorithms are only very good at very specific tasks. Siri might respond intelligently to your requests for directions, but if you ask her to help with your math homework, shell say Starting Facetime with Matt Soffer. A self-driving car can get you anywhere in the United States but make your destination the Gale Crater on Mars, and it will not understand the joke.

This is part of the reason AI scientists and enthusiasts consider Human Level Machine Intelligence (HLMI)roughly defined as a machine intelligence that outperforms humans in all intellectual tasks the holy grail of artificial intelligence. In 2012, a survey was conducted to analyze the wide range of predictions made by artificial intelligence researchers for the onset of HLMI. Researchers who chose to participate were asked by what year they would assign a 10%, 50%, and 90% chance of achieving HLMI (assuming human scientific activity will not encounter a significant negative disruption), or to check never if they felt HLMI would never be achieved. The median of the years given for 50% confidence was 2040. The median of the years given for 90% confidence was 2080. Around 20% of researchers were confident that machines would never reach HLMI (these responses were not included in the median values). This means that nearly half of the researchers who responded are very confident HLMI will be created within just 65 years.4

HLMI is not just another AI milestone to which we would eventually be desensitized. It is unique among AI accomplishments, a crucial tipping point for society. Because once you have a machine that outperforms humans in everything intellectual, we can transfer the task of inventing to the computers. The British Mathematician I.J. Good said it best: The first ultraintelligent machine is the last invention that man need ever make .5

There are two main routes to HLMI that many researchers view as the most efficient. The first method of achieving a general artificial intelligence across the board relies on complex machine learning algorithms. These machine learning algorithms, often inspired by neural circuitry in the brain, focus on how a program can take inputted data, learn to analyze it, and give a desired output. The premise is that you can teach a program to identify an apple by showing it thousands of pictures of apples in different contexts, in much the same way that a baby learns to identify an apple.6

The second group of researchers might ask why we should go to all this trouble developing algorithms when we have the most advanced computer known in the cosmos right on top of our shoulders. Evolution has already designed a human level machine intelligence: a human! The goal of Whole Brain Emulation is to copy or simulate our brains neural networks, taking advantage of natures millions of painstaking years of selection for cognitive capacity.7 A neuron is like a switchit either fires or it doesnt. If we can image every neuron in a brain, and then take that data and simulate it on a computer interface, we would have a human level artificial intelligence. Then we could add more and more neurons or tweak the design to maximize capability. This is the concept behind both the White Houses Brain initiative8 and the EUs Human Brain Project.9 In reality, these two routes to human level machine intelligencealgorithmic and emulationare not black and white. Whatever technology achieves HLMI will probably be a combination of the two.

Once HLMI is achieved, the rate of advancement could increase very quickly. In that same study of AI researchers, 10% of respondents believed artificial superintelligence (roughly defined as an intelligence that greatly surpasses every human in most professions) would be achieved within two years of HLMI. 50% believed it would take only 30 years or less.4

Why are these researchers convinced HLMI would lead to such a greater degree of intelligence so quickly? The answer involves recursive self-improvement. An HLMI that outperforms humans in all intellectual tasks would also outperform humans at creating smarter HLMIs. Thus, once HLMIs truly think better than humans, we will set them to work on themselves to improve their own code or to design more advanced neural networks. Then, once a more intelligent HLMI is built, the less intelligent HLMIs will set the smarter HLMIs to build the next generation, and so on. Since computers act orders of magnitudes more quickly than humans, the exponential growth in intelligence could occur unimaginably fast. This run-away intelligence explosion is called a technological singularity.10 It is the point beyond which we cannot foresee what this intelligence would become.

Here is a reimagining of a human-computer dialogue taken from the collection of short stories, Angels and Spaceships:11 The year is 2045. On a bright sunny day, a Silicon Valley private tech group of computer hackers working in their garage just completed their design of a program that simulates a massive neural network on a computer interface. They came up with a novel machine learning algorithm and wanted to try it out. They give this newborn network the ability to learn and redesign itself with new code, and they give the program internet access so it can search for text to analyze. The college teens start the program, and then go out to Chipotle to celebrate. Back at the house, while walking up the pavement to the garage, they are surprised to see FBI trucks approaching their street. They rush inside and check the program. On the terminal window, the computer had already outputted Program Complete. The programmer types, What have you read? and the program responds, The entire internet. Ask me anything. After deliberating for a few seconds, one of the programmers types, hands trembling, Do you think theres a God? The computer instantly responds, There is now.

This story demonstrates the explosive nature of recursive self-improvement. Yet, many might still question the possibility of such rapid progression from HLMI to superintelligence that AI researchers predict. Although we often look at past trends to gauge the future, we should not do the same when evaluating future technological progress. Technological progress builds on itself. It is not just the technology that is advancing but the rate at which technology advances that is advancing. So while it may take the field of AI 100 years to reach the intelligence level of a chimpanzee, the step toward human intelligence could take only a few years. Humans think on a linear scale. To grasp the potential of what is to come, we must think exponentially.10

Another understandable doubt may be that its hard to believe, even given unlimited scientific research, that computers will ever be able to think like humans, that 0s and 1s could have consciousness, self-awareness, or sensory perception. It is certainly true that these dimensions of self are difficult to explain, if not currently totally unexplainable by scienceit is called the hard problem of consciousness for a reason! But assuming that consciousness is an emergent propertya result of a billion-year evolutionary process starting from the first self-replicating molecules, which themselves were the result of the molecular motions of inanimate matter then computer consciousness does not seem so crazy. If we who emerged from a soup of inanimate atoms cannot believe inanimate 0s and 1s could lead to consciousness no matter how intricate a setup, we should try telling that to the atoms. Machine intelligence really is just switching hardware from organic to the much faster and more efficient silicon-metallic. Supposing consciousness is an emergent property on one medium, why cant it be on another?

Thus, under the assumption that superintelligence is possible and may happen within a century or so, the world is reaching a critical point in history. First were atoms, then organic molecules, then single-celled organisms, then multicellular organisms, then animal neural networks, then human-level intelligence limited only by our biology, and, soon, unbounded machine intelligence. Many feel we are now living at the beginning of a new era in the history of cosmos.

The implications of this intelligence for society would be far-reachingin some cases, very destructive. Political structure might fall apart if we knew we were no longer the smartest species on Earth, if we were overshadowed by an intelligence of galactic proportions. A superintelligence might view humans as we do insects and we all know what humans do to bugs when they overstep their boundaries! This year, many renowned scientists, academics, and CEOs, including Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk, signed a letter, which was presented at the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. The letter warns about the coming dangers of artificial intelligence, urging that we should be prudent as we venture into the unknowns of an alien intelligence.12

When the AI researchers were asked to assign probabilities to the overall impact of ASI on humanity in the long run, the mean values were 24% extremely good, 28% good, 17% neutral, 13% bad, and 18% extremely bad (existential catastrophe).4 18% is not a statistic to take lightly.

Although artificial superintelligence surely comes with its existential threats that could make for a frightening future, it could also bring a utopian one. ASI has the capability to unlock some of the most profound mysteries of the universe. It will discover in one second what the brightest minds throughout history would need millions of years to even scrape the surface of. It could demonstrate to us higher levels of consciousness or thinking that we are not aware of, like the philosopher who brings the prisoners out of Platos cave into the light of a world previously unknown. There may be much more to this universe than we currently understand. There must be, for we dont even know where the universe came from in the first place! This artificial superintelligence is a ticket to that understanding. There is a real chance that, within a century, we could bear witness to the greatest answers of all time. Are we ready to take the risk?

William Bryk 19 is a freshman in Canaday Hall.

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Evidence Emerges of CNBC Collusion with Roger Ver, BCash

Posted on June 3, 2018 by ev1

Wilma Woo December 20, 2017 5:30 am

Mainstream news network CNBC is under intense scrutiny as evidence emerges its senior staff used connections to plug Bitcoin Cash (BCH).

As Bitcoin prices dropped below $17,000, Bitcoin Cash, also known as BCH or BCASH, suddenly shot up in value on US exchange Coinbase, hitting around $9000.

The average price of 1 BCASH coin across major exchanges is now almost $3500, a rise of 45% in 24 hours.

While the events unfolded, CNBC, which had controversially hosted major BCASH proponent and Bitcoin critic Roger Ver on its TV network, began broadcasting tweets of a highly suspicious nature compared to its usual tone.

The tweets, according to cryptocurrency commentator WhalePanda among others, were compiled under the auspices of marketing and partnership manager Gaby Wasensteiner, whose husband, Paul Wasensteiner, is executive director of the so-called Bitcoin Cash Fund.

The first of the controversial tweets from CNBCs Fast Money official Twitter account reads:

(Roger Ver) aka Bitcoin Jesus joins us tomorrow to discuss the biggest change to the crypto world since time was invented! Must see TV.. (Bitcoin Cash) is here deal with it!!

Critical responses received answers including deal with it and threats to unfollow those who did not agree with CNBCs pro-BCASH perspective.

deal with it

CNBC's Fast Money (@CNBCFastMoney) December 20, 2017

So unusual is the style and lack of neutrality of the news networks tweets that cries of foul play are currently echoing through the cryptocurrency community.

Collusion between the Wasensteiners and Ver himself is an increasingly conspicuous narrative, with users on Reddit noting Paul Wasensteiner is also the founder of a London BCASH meetup.

WhalePanda meanwhile continued voicing his suspicions, arguing it was, in fact, Paul who orchestrated the CNBC tweets.

What Im saying is that her husband is actually tweeting, he clarified.

No, she's posting pretty much all BCash propaganda. What I'm saying is that her husband is actually tweeting from the @CNBCFastMoney account 🙂 with his extremely aggressive BCash tweets.

WhalePanda (@WhalePanda) December 20, 2017

The sudden burst of what is known in the cryptocurrency industry as shilling a concerted yet often covert effort to increase or decrease the reputation of a coin or entity marks a new turn in rival coins ability to manipulate broader market sentiment.

What do you think about CNBCs BCASH tweets? Let us know in the comments below!

Images courtesy of Twitter, Shutterstock

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Evidence Emerges of CNBC Collusion with Roger Ver, BCash

Free eugenics Essays and Papers

Posted on June 3, 2018 by ev1

Title Length Color Rating Early 20th Century Eugenics as part of Modernism - As the sun was setting on the 19th century, a new theory, called eugenics was just beginning to rise. Eugenics is the idea that human mental, moral, temperamental and physiological traits are passed down through generations, and that society should attempt to foster the reproduction of those with favorable traits and discourage or eliminate those with less than favorable traits. In the early parts of the 20th century, eugenics was put into practice across the rich world. This increase, not only in popularity but in application is best viewed when part of the greater context of modernity.... [tags: Eugenics]:: 5 Works Cited 1047 words(3 pages)Strong Essays[preview] The History of Eugenics in America - Eugenics is the study of the agencies under social control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations either physically or mentally. After the major turn of the century, eugenics developed into a world- wide movement. (Vermont University, 2003) It was led by scientist and scholars in several diverse fields, and funded by wealthy philanthropists, also supported by statesmen. Eugenics played a very vital and central role in the political, social, and intellectual history of numerous diverse peoples and nations.... [tags: The Eugenics Movement]:: 5 Works Cited 2148 words(6.1 pages)Research Papers[preview] Eugenics: A Controversial Science - Eugenics has been a very controversial science that has existed in the world for centuries. Eugenics is defined as the study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population by such means as discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits (negative eugenics) or encouraging reproduction by persons presumed to have inheritable desirable traits (positive eugenics)(Dictionary.com, 2005). Its base came from the idea that the human race could be perfected by getting rid of its undesirable traits and the desirable ones could be multiplied.... [tags: Eugenics Essays]1168 words(3.3 pages)Better Essays[preview] The Eugenics Movement - In the 1920s, a company in New York started a movement known as The Eugenics Movement. The idea of eugenics was eventually picked up by Germany, China, Peru, India and Bangladesh. The movement is still in effect till this day; however, it is not as prevalent as it once was. The beginning of the Eugenics Movement all started at Cold Spring Harbor, New York. The United States coined the term Eugenics from Great Britain in the early 1900s. In the year 1910, a man by the name of Charles B. Davenport founded the Eugenics Records Office (ERO).... [tags: Eugenics, ERO, sterilization]:: 3 Works Cited 1539 words(4.4 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Eugenics -Not the Way of the Future - Eugenics in the world today has become an issue because of its many positive uses furthermore its possible consequences. It is believed by many that eugenics does more harm than good, on the other hand there are exceptions; it is not the way of the future. There is no doubt that it could be extremely useful for preventing diseases such as cancer and others before we are even born. But, with this also comes the ability to give children genes before their born that will give them talent to run faster, jump higher, use more of their brain which will strictly discriminate them from the rest of society in a way where they will always stand out, the reason being is their extraordinary talents due... [tags: Eugenics, Genetic Engineering]722 words(2.1 pages)Good Essays[preview] The Ethics and Morality of Eugenics in Society - My research revolves around the ethics and morality of eugenics (Science of heredity and good breeding), and whether society should be in favor of influencing genetics in order to create a more favorable genetic pool. This topic interests me because I find great interest in political and cultural issues, and I have always been fascinated by whether eugenics would actually work and if governments should be in support of it. The sources I found were all scientific journals from credible books. I did this to because I needed to gain information on studies that have taken place in the name of eugenics as well as establish that eugenics is high priority within the scientific community.Taking this... [tags: disabled, eugenics, influencing genetics]:: 7 Works Cited 1598 words(4.6 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] The Three Stooges: Charles Darwin, Adolf Hitler and Margaret Sanger - Only the most imaginative mind could fathom the thought of human beings being selected or disregarded and even killed based on biological protocol. This scientific theory is responsible for the reproduction of superior genes through heredity by controversial means. This idea is based on the evolution of the human species or basically survival of the fittest. Charles Darwin who is the greatest known scientist to ever live popularized this theory and is responsible for the brutality and death of well over 100 million human beings.... [tags: Eugenics]:: 41 Works Cited 1299 words(3.7 pages)Strong Essays[preview] A Look at Eugenics - Introduction Eugenics is the conviction and practice of enhancing the hereditary nature of the human population. It is a social theory upholding the change of human hereditary qualities through the advancement of higher proliferation of individuals with coveted characteristics and decreased multiplication of individuals with less-wanted or undesired attributes. It alludes to the investigation of or faith in the likelihood of enhancing the characteristics of the human species or a human populace, especially by embracing varied hereditary qualities or pessimistic selective breeding.... [tags: Heredity Nature, Human Heredity Qualities]:: 4 Works Cited 1221 words(3.5 pages)Strong Essays[preview] The ethics of eugenics - The theory of eugenics has changed throughout time from its conception by Sir Francis Galton to its modern technological interpretation in the 21st century. The term has been embraced by Social Darwinists, Progressives, human genetic engineers, and Nazis, to just name a few. The theorys popularity has undergone cycles of approval and upheaval as it is a fairly conceptually fluid idea. Today its definition is still hazy, with both sides of its controversial spectrum debating what it really means.... [tags: Social Darwinists, Sir Francis Galton]:: 28 Works Cited 1675 words(4.8 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] The Misapplication of Eugenics - The concept of eugenics has to do with the belief or practice of improving the genetic quality of the human race (Eugenics 2010). The concept was first introduced by Francis Galton, a researcher who wished to apply Darwins theory of evolution to the human race. Much like many endeavors that start off with good intentions, the results of applying this concept in real life were gross crimes against humanity. The eugenics movement in the early 20th century perverted the original concept by employing morally objectionable techniques including forced sterilization, marriage restrictions, segregation, internment camps, and genocide (Black 2012).... [tags: Humans, Genetic Quality, Francis Galton]:: 4 Works Cited 1023 words(2.9 pages)Strong Essays[preview] The Downfall of Eugenics - In the twentieth-century politics has played a vital role in the way disease is perceived by the average person. Every aspect of disease became a political concern with eugenics publically taking on a major role in public policy. Giving credit to eugenics, many Americans began to worry more about their personal genetic traits as well as the traits that they may pass on to their children. Later society became interested with eugenics on a more community-oriented basis. The downfall of Eugenics came when reformers began to use it as a program of social control, promoting government intervention and coercion in human reproduction. Masturbation was once seen as degenerative disease that led... [tags: Medical Ethics]:: 4 Works Cited 1192 words(3.4 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Edwin Black's War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race - Edwin Black's War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race To the average American it seems unfathomable that US based research into the "scientific" practice of eugenics could have been the foundation and impetus for Hitler's Nazi genocide and atrocities. In addition, notions of racial superiority and the scientific quest for the development of a pure Aryan nation, both by the United States and foreign countries, particularly Germany, were funded and fueled by monies from such prominent families as the Rockefellers, Carnegies and Harriman's.... [tags: Edwin Black Eugenics Master Race Essays]1983 words(5.7 pages)Strong Essays[preview] What is Eugenics? - Introduction Eugenics is defined as a science that deals with the improvement (as by control of human mating) of hereditary qualities of a race or breed (1). The principles of eugenics have been used in many different countries for various reasons. In the United States, eugenics reached its peak in the pre-World War II period. It was believed that the most efficient way to deal with social problems, such as mental illness, poverty and crime, was to inhibit reproduction among people with such characteristics.... [tags: Science, Improving Hereditary Traits. Human]:: 20 Works Cited 1713 words(4.9 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] The Eugenics Movement - ... Both women selected Gregory Pincus to develop the contraceptive pill. Once the birth control pill was created, Pincus began collaborating with John Rock because the next step was to start human trials ("People & Events: Gregory Pincus"). The first study of the pill was conducted in 1954 (People & Events: The Pill and the Women's Liberation Movement). The test was successful, and showed a 100% effectiveness rate. Not a single woman who took part in the trials ovulated while taking the pill.... [tags: criminals, poverty, women, social class]2040 words(5.8 pages)Better Essays[preview] The Practice of Positive Eugenics - Since its inception in 1883, eugenics has long since been the subject of controversy and a forum for discussion on ethics and morality. Positive eugenics, defined as, "encouraging reproduction by persons presumed to have inheritable desirable traits," is considered a benevolent form of eugenics, but can be used for sinister purposes. Negative eugenics, officially defined as, "discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits," is perhaps the more well-known variety of eugenics, with notable examples such as the Holocaust and forced sterilization.... [tags: ethics and morality, reproduction]:: 13 Works Cited 1178 words(3.4 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Eugenics: Improving The Human Race? - The idea that one can improve the human race by careful selection of those who mate and produce offspring is called eugenics. It is better understood as the process of selective breeding can improve human society. The term eugenics is from the greek, meaning well-born. The idea of eugenics is to have a society be abundant with many wanted traits, during a movement called the melting pot where people tried to solve their problems with the use of technology. Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development, is the book in which Sir Francis Galton first mentioned the term eugenics.... [tags: Scientific Research ]:: 5 Works Cited 1135 words(3.2 pages)Better Essays[preview] Eugenics - Eugenics, the word that got its bad reputation years ago through an event that changed history: the Holocaust. First dubbed by Francis Galton in the 1880s, the word Eugenics stemmed from the words good and generation. (Eugenics-Meanings) Eugenics means the study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population. This improvement is done through discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits (negative eugenics); or encouraging reproduction by persons presumed to have inheritable desirable traits (positive eugenics).... [tags: Genetic Engineering]:: 6 Works Cited 1552 words(4.4 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Eugenics - Taken from the Greek word eugenes meaning good in stock the term eugenics was coined in 1883 By Francis Galton (1822-1911). Today it is defined by the OED as Pertaining or adapted to the production of fine offspring, esp. in the human race. We will attempt to explain what eugenics was within in the context of its time and how it was to be applied to humans. We will also attempt to identify who its supporters were and the many different reasons why the eugenic doctrine appealed to them. The problem of what to do about the urban poor had been a continuing worry for the middle classes since the mid nineteenth century.... [tags: Sociology]2214 words(6.3 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Eugenics or Forced Sterilization Programs - Heredity: Like begets like. Eugenics or force sterilization programs were government policies that attempted to force people to undergo surgical sterilization, and also aim to assimilate any genetic deficiency (Keith 2011). The pseudo-science behind eugenics was based on a misconception of heredity that assumed that the deficient inevitably passed down their pathology to their progeny, and with this misconception, heredity became related to the crude term like begets like (Grekul 2008). This term was the foundation of what shaped the Eugenics movement into a dark and horrific period (McLaren 1990).... [tags: Sexual Sterilization Act, Canadian history]1630 words(4.7 pages)Better Essays[preview] The Eugenics Movement for Criminality - The eugenics movement started in the early 1900s and was adopted by doctors and the general public during the 1920s. The movement aimed to create a better society through the monitoring of genetic traits through selective heredity. Over time, eugenics took on two different views. Supporters of positive eugenics believed in promoting childbearing by a class who was genetically superior. On the contrary, proponents of negative eugenics tried to monitor societys flaws through the sterilization of the inferior. Due to an increased surge of criminality in many cities during the 1900s, eugenicists began to focus on the role of genes in determining criminal behavior.... [tags: genetics, violence, psychopathy]569 words(1.6 pages)Good Essays[preview] Eugenics: Solving Social Problems? - The melting pot was a movement to solve social problems of the population with the use of technology. Eugenics is the use of science to solve social problems. It is defined as the study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population, especially by such means as discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits or encouraging reproduction by persons presumed to have inheritable desirable traits.... [tags: Scientific Research ]:: 9 Works Cited 1201 words(3.4 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Nazi Eugenics and Racial Hygiene - The Nazis perpetrated many horrors during the Holocaust. They enacted many cruel laws. They brainwashed millions into foolishly following them and believing their every word using deceitful propaganda tactics. They forced many to suffer doing embarrassing jobs and to live in crowded ghettos. They created mobile killing squads to exterminate their enemies. Finally, as part of The Final Solution to the Jewish Question, they made concentration and killing camps. Another thing the Nazis did was to use eugenics as another mean to micromanage the population.... [tags: Holocaust, Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler]:: 7 Works Cited 1198 words(3.4 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Eugenics: Man versus God - Eugenics: Man vs God The most merciful thing that a family does to one of its infant members is to kill it. -Margaret Sanger, Woman and the New Race Seven-foot, blonde haired, blue-eyed super-humans bearing the swastika and marching in perfect Aryan rhythm, bred to be smarter, stronger, superior. This is a typical image when people hear the word eugenics, but there are two distinct branches: negative eugenics, which looks at removing undesirables and degenerates from society, and positive eugenics, which looks to promote the positive hereditary traits within society.... [tags: improving genetic qualities of a population]974 words(2.8 pages)Strong Essays[preview] IVF and the New Eugenics - The addition of a child into a familys home is a happy occasion. Unfortunately, some families are unable to have a child due to unforeseen problems, and they must pursue other means than natural pregnancy. Some couples adopt and other couples follow a different path; they utilize in vitro fertilization or surrogate motherhood. The process is complicated, unreliable, but ultimately can give the parents the gift of a child they otherwise could not have had. At the same time, as the process becomes more and more advanced and scientists are able to predict the outcome of the technique, the choice of what child is born is placed in the hands of the parents.... [tags: Infertility]:: 8 Works Cited 1509 words(4.3 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Eugenics and Genetic Testing - The history of harmful eugenic practices, spurring from the Nazi implementations of discrimination towards biologically inferior people has given eugenics a negative stigma (1,Kitcher, 190). Genetic testing, as Kitcher sees it through a minimalistic perspective, should be restrained to aiding future children with extremely low qualities of life (2,Kitcher, 190). He believes that genetic engineering should only be used to avoid disease and illness serving the role of creating a healthier human race.... [tags: Morality, Society, Science]1752 words(5 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Eugenics and Planned Parenthood - When one contemplates the concept of eugenics, few think of modern contraception and abortion when in reality they are one in the same. The American Eugenics Society, founded in 1923, proudly proclaimed that men with incurable conditions should be sterilized. However these conditions were often none that could be helped, such as, ones intelligence, race, and social class (Schweikart and Allen 529-532). The purpose of the society was to create the perfect class of men; elite in all ways.... [tags: Birth Control Movement]:: 12 Works Cited 1395 words(4 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Was Eugenics Ever Moral? - Eugenics is the study or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species. Sounds good, right. But the question here is, is it moral to sacrifice someones life or the ability for someone to create life in the name of science. Surely Francis Galton and Gregor Mendel thought so. In the nineteenth century, biology was at its peak. Charles Darwin, who just happens to be Galtons cousin, had just introduced his idea of survival of the fittest. Galton then took that thesis and dissected it.... [tags: human species, charles darwin]:: 7 Works Cited 1043 words(3 pages)Strong Essays[preview] International Eugenics - Throughout the history of international relations, the study of human diversity has held a key role in establishing the political principles and recognized shared culture that defines nationhood. Nations have traditionally been associated with a specific geographic location and political ideology, but they also have ethnical identifiers associated with this shared culture. These ethnical identifiers were thrust onto the world stage during the end of the nineteenth century with the introduction of the study of eugenics.... [tags: Sociology ]:: 13 Works Cited 1825 words(5.2 pages)Term Papers[preview] Social Darwinism: History of the Study of Eugenics - The study of eugenics has been around for many years. China has one of the leading birth control systems containing the one child policy and Eugenics. Eugenics is a system of improving human population by promoting the most socially desirable individuals to reproduce while preventing the socially undesirables from reproduction. Eugenics comes from the Greek word meaning good or well born. It is the belief that some people are genetically superior to others; and that one inherits their relatives mental and psychological traits.... [tags: one child policy, china]724 words(2.1 pages)Better Essays[preview] The Rise and Fall of the Eugnics Movement - Introduction According to Merriam-Webster.com, eugenics is defined as the theory dealing with the production or treatment of a fine, healthy race. Despite this seemingly innocent representation, eugenics is an extremely controversial science. Some even debate whether or not it is worthy of the label of science, or if its just a form of intellectual racism. Nevertheless, eugenics was greatly embraced and was behind a scientific and social revolution during the late 19th century through the Second World War.... [tags: A Historical Analysis of Eugenics]:: 10 Works Cited 3924 words(11.2 pages)Term Papers[preview] How the US introduced Eugenics to the World - Eugenics is defined as human improvement by genetic means to improve the hereditary qualities of a race or breed and it was coined by Francis Galton in 1869. Throughout history, the World has borne witness to such atrocities as genocide, where the roots of these movements have been to eliminate the undesirables to allow the strongest and purest an opportunity to thrive and exist. Many would believe that the eugenics movement first started in Europe when the Nazis tried to eradicate Jews, Gays, Gypsys or anyone else they deemed not a part of the master race dreamed up by Hitler.... [tags: sterilization, genetics, Germany, race]:: 10 Works Cited 1022 words(2.9 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Eugenics: America's Dark Past and Future - The idea of a blonde-haired, blue-eyed race is often credited to Adolf Hitler. The not as well-known part is that this idea was around before Hitler and actually was spread to Germany by eugenics scientists in the United States. In this paper we will look into the full history of eugenics and how the idea was spread across the world. Along the journey we will encounter many major donors that may be of surprise to some of us. Eugenics has been a dark presence in the history of America and will continue to be until real strides are made to end racism.... [tags: blonde-haired, blue-eyed race, hitler]:: 9 Works Cited 1460 words(4.2 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Genetic Engineering: Cloning: Dolly and Eugenics - Cloning is vital in American society because it will help us further our knowledge in genetics. Also cloning will make us realize how much scientists can actually accomplish knowing how to clone. Scientists were able to clone an animal in 1997. That accomplishment made all the scientists theories about cloning possible. It gave the scientists hope that one day they will maybe be able to clone a human because they were able to clone a mammal. Eugenics is also vital to American society. Eugenics is the practice of improving humans genetic quality of the human population as a whole.... [tags: dna, science, god]:: 13 Works Cited 1691 words(4.8 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Eugenics in America - Eugenics in America Eugenics profoundly impacted the culture of the twentieth century. Coined in 1893 by Sir Francis Galton, it studied the heredity and selection of favorable traits. Born out of the social tumults of the late nineteenth century, it represented the Western elites attempt to protect itself from so called inferior cultures of the colonies and new wave immigration. The late eighteenth century was a turbulent time throughout America. An influx of immigrants packed into massive cities such as New York and Chicago.... [tags: Sociology Essays Research Papers]710 words(2 pages)Better Essays[preview] Reprogenetics and Eugenics - Reprogenetics and Eugenics Advantages: Reprogenetics will enable parents to give their children genes that they themselves do not carry, thereby increasing their offspring's chances for health, longevity, happiness, and success -- this is an appalling prospect for many bio ethicists. Eugenics embodies the desire and attempts of a society's leaders to control the breeding practices of its citizens, including the forcible sterilization or murder of those deemed as carrying undesirable genes.... [tags: Papers]862 words(2.5 pages)Better Essays[preview] Eugenic Decision-Making - Eugenics is defined, in some way or the other, as the process of reshaping the human race by determining the kinds of people who will be born. As such, there is much debate in the field of eugenics, with authors, like Philip Kitcher, who support laissez-faire or a minimalist approach of eugenics in which eugenic decision-making should be limited only to avoid neurological illnesses and in which parental free choice is valued. Gregory Stocks essay, The Enhanced and Un-Enhanced, presents otherwise by supporting the position of maximalist eugenics, allowing individuals the full extent in the selection of genes.... [tags: Gattaca, Laissez-Faire, Maximalist Eugenics]1482 words(4.2 pages)Strong Essays[preview] The Understanding of Eugenics, and the Move Forward from Past Failures. - The Understanding of Eugenics, and the Move Forward from Past Failures. Eugenics, from the Greek word Eu-genes, which means well-born or of good stock, In 1869 was the name given to the work produced by scientist Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911). Sir Francis Galtons work was based primarily on the theories of biological evolution, first developed by Charles Darwin, and was published in his book The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, 1859. Charles Darwin theorized that all species of life descended from common ancestors, and that natural selection had a profound effect by using selective breeding to enhance its worth.... [tags: Sir Francis Galton, Bilogical Evolution, Biology]:: 4 Works Cited 938 words(2.7 pages)Better Essays[preview] Atrocities Associated with the Eugenics Movement - Atrocities Associated with the Eugenics Movement Among the fears of many environmentalists is that of overpopulation. Acutely aware of the finite resources that the planet possesses and the limitations of renewable resources, there are concerns that the planet may soon reach its maximum caring capacity. Since the First Great Transition ten thousand years ago, the planet has experienced an astounding increase in population. Generations later, the planet is beginning to feel the effects of continual population expansion.... [tags: Exploratory Essays Research Papers]:: 4 Works Cited 1243 words(3.6 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Eugenics - The roots of eugenics can be traced back to Britain in the early 1880s when Sir Francis Galton generated the term from the Greek word for well-born. He defined eugenics as the science of improving stock, whether human or animal. According to the American Eugenics Movement, todays study of eugenics has many similarities to studies done in the early 20th century. Back then, Eugenics was, quite literally, an effort to breed better human beings by encouraging the reproduction of people with "good" genes and discouraging those with "bad" genes. (www.eugenicsarchive.org) According to Merriam-Webster, the modern day definition of eugenics is, a science that deals with t... [tags: essays research papers]1049 words(3 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Neo-Eugenics The Social and Biological Ethics of Designer Babies - Neoeugenics is the idea of new, neo, eugenics or a new way of creating a healthier race. Eugenics was first defined in the late 1800s by a man named Sir Francis Galton who said that it was basically the study of traits that will cause an advantage or disadvantage in the traits of future generations. Eugenics soon turned from being about the use of artificial selection of breeding to create a stronger species, to being about the advancement of certain races over others. When talking about neo eugenics, it is believed that it may turn into something similar to that of eugenics in that the use of artificial selection would now be used to bring the upper class higher in standards of health and... [tags: Healthier Reace, Future Generations]:: 2 Works Cited 1586 words(4.5 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Eugenics - Eugenics President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." The Civil War was fought to save the republic and free the enslaved. World War II was fought to save the world and stop a group which thought they were a superior race. What do these two wars have in common. They were fought, in part, for equality.... [tags: Papers]1119 words(3.2 pages)Good Essays[preview] Eugenics Should be Abolished - Eugenics Should be Abolished Since the end of the 19th century, eugenics has had a significant role in the development of Western society. There have been laws established by its presence and a war fought to cease its progress. To analyze the philosophy of and the actions due to eugenics, one must look at the past and see what contributions eugenics has made to events in history. One must also look at the present applications of eugenics and how they affect the lives of people. With these two directions, one can see that because it is racist, encourages immoral actions and is biologically unsound, eugenics is iniquitous and should be abolished from modern medical and political thought.... [tags: Papers]3259 words(9.3 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Ethics of Genocide and Eugenics - Gene Therapy: Genocide and Eugenics or Striving for a More Perfect Population Controversy and Ethics Just as there are different types of people who look at one glass of water and describe it as half full or half empty, the public has many different views on the future of our society. Gene therapy is also a glass that can be viewed in different angles different perspectives. Some say it has great potential to shape the ideals of our future, while others believe it signifies intolerance for disabilities, imperfections that supposedly deplete from a persons interests, opportunities and welfare (quoted by Peter Singer, xviii).... [tags: Biology Medical Biomedical Genetics]:: 2 Works Cited 1413 words(4 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Euthanasia Essay: Eugenics To Euthanasia - Eugenics To Euthanasia This essay presents the appeal which euthanasia has to modern society. What is this appeal based on. Is it a valid appeal. These and other questions are addressed in this paper. See if this story sounds familiar: A happily married couple - she is a pianist; he a rising scientist - have their love suddenly tested by a decline in the wife's health. Diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, she falls victim to a steady loss of muscle control and paralysis. The desperate husband uses all his professional skills to save her.... [tags: Free Euthanasia Essay]:: 1 Works Cited 1001 words(2.9 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Genetic Engineering and Eugenics - Genetic Engineering and Eugenics The idea of genetic engineering has been a very heated topic of discussion lately. The possibilities of this topic range from cloning to gene therapy and eugenics. The most recent type, eugenics through gene therapy has created a lot of controversy. Eugenics is the study of how to improve human genetic heritage. This basically is the engineering of babies. The thought of these new designer babies raises many new questions. What are the consequences of these advances.... [tags: Exploratory Essays Research Papers]1108 words(3.2 pages)Strong Essays[preview] The American Eugenics Movement - The idea of eugenics was first introduced by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that the breeding of two wealthy and successful members of society would produce a child superior to that of two members of the lower class. This assumption was based on the idea that genes for success or particular excellence were present in our DNA, which is passed from parent to child. Despite the blatant lack of research, two men, Georges Vacher de Lapouge and Jon Alfred Mjoen, played to the white supremacists desires and claimed that white genes were inherently superior to other races, and with this base formed the first eugenics society.... [tags: essays research papers fc]:: 3 Works Cited 1421 words(4.1 pages)Strong Essays[preview] In Opposition of Eugenics and Human Embryo Research - In Opposition of Eugenics and Human Embryo Research There are a variety of views of eugenics and all that it entails. The definition of eugenics is "the science of improving the physical and mental qualities of human beings through control of the factors influencing heredity," ( Funk and Wagnall's, 1984). Others think eugenics is the social control of human genetic evolution, an ideology of racism and genocide, thought to improve society and halt disease while others think only of the Nazi Regime (Saetz, 1985 and McGee, 1997).... [tags: Argumentative Persuasive Essays]667 words(1.9 pages)Better Essays[preview] Ethical Complications of Genetic Engineering and Eugenics - Genetic engineering is currently the fastest growing and perhaps most controversial field of science. Genetic engineering is decoding and manipulating DNA to use for scientific and medical purposes. "The discovery that human cells can be grown in a petri dish has opened up breathtaking possibilities for curing disease - and a morass of ethical complications" (Allen 9). Genetic engineering has already started to be most helpful in the field of medicine. The map of the human genome offers many cures and potentially successful medical procedures.... [tags: Exploratory Essays Research Papers]:: 6 Works Cited 3149 words(9 pages)Strong Essays[preview] To What Extent are American Scientist and Institutions Responsible for Nazi Eugenics? - During Adolf Hitlers reign many American companies and scientist contributed towards advances in eugenic studies, are they to blame for the atrocities that occurred in the Second World War. It started in the late 1800s by Francis Galton who believed that to raise the present miserably low standard of the human race breeding the best with the best had to happen. Although the United States had a large amount of involvement, many European scientists and governments aided the research. In the late 1800s many rich businessmen and prior slave owners were most likely upset as slavery had been abolished, so through science they wanted to make Africans and Asians an inferior race.... [tags: adolf hitler, second world war, racism]:: 7 Works Cited 1043 words(3 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Josef Mengele and The Inhumane Experiments in Auschwitz - He cut into me, without anesthetic, . . .The pain was indescribable. I felt every slice of the knife. Then I saw my kidney pulsating in his hand. I cried like a madman, I cried out the prayer; Hear, O Israel: the Lord our God, the Lord is one . . . And I prayed to die, that I might not suffer this agony any more (Hall). This was said by a patient of Dr. Josef Mengele, Mr.Yitzhak Ganon. Mr. Ganon was of the survivors of the inhumane experiments that took place in Auschwitz by the hand of the abominable man that is Josef Mengele.... [tags: angel of death, evil, eugenics]:: 10 Works Cited 1323 words(3.8 pages)Strong Essays[preview] The Humanities of Science - The philosophy of science is to improve our knowledge about the world and how our bodies behave to enhance our well-being. Science has aid us in many ways such as increasing our lifespan, improving medicine, and advancing technology. Provided that the government of Canada and Quebec want to improve the quality of life for its people and encourage the growth of scientific discoveries, they should invest in scientific research that will continue to expand our knowledge and use that newly acquired knowledge to continue improving our quality of life.... [tags: lifespan, medicine, technology, eugenics]817 words(2.3 pages)Better Essays[preview] Stereotypes where the Mentally Handicapped People are Ignorant - In history, stereotypes in society have been negative towards people with disabilities and that often led to discrimination. Colonial Americans, in the 1700s, referred to people with handicaps as lunatics. Lunatic by todays definition is someone crazy or insane. However, the root word, lunar, means, moons. Back then, people thought that a full moon had something to do with the mental illness that the child was born with. Some thought that the baby could be affected by being conceived, being born under, or sleeping in the light of a full moon.... [tags: disabilities, lunatic, eugenics]627 words(1.8 pages)Better Essays[preview] Eugenics: An Excuse To Be A Racist Or A Means To A Better Tomorrow? - Eugenics: An Excuse to be a Racist or a Means to a Better Tomorrow. The term eugenics was coined in the late 19th century. Its goal was to apply the breeding practices and techniques used in plants and animals to human reproduction. Francis Galton stated in his Essays in Eugenics that he wished to influence "the useful classes" in society to put more of their DNA in the gene pool. The goal was to collect records of families who were successful by virtue of having three or more adult male children who have gain superior positions to their peers.... [tags: essays research papers]1102 words(3.1 pages)Strong Essays[preview] American Eugenics: Race, Queer Anatomy, and the Science of Nationalism - American Eugenics: Race, Queer Anatomy, and the Science of Nationalism Works Cited Missing Nancy Ordover argues that current attempts to regulate marginalized social groups are eugenicist movements couched in new language. While "today, the preoccupation with immigrant fertility is couched in concerns over expenditures rather than in classic eugenicist worries over the depletion of the national gene pool" (54), that supposed strain on the national economy presented by immigration is still located in immigrant's reproduction, although it is less frequently explicitly the "whiteness" of the nation that is threatened.... [tags: Sociology Sociological Essays]1123 words(3.2 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Methods of Experimentation and Research in the Natural Sciences that are Limited due to Ethical Considerations - The production of knowledge, the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject (New Oxford), has constantly been accomplished throughout the history of man as a result of the characteristics of creativity and curiosity. These attributes, besides ethics, have set humans apart from the other species allowing for constant and rapid development. According to (Rest), an ethical judgment is the process by which an individual determines that one alternative is morally right and another alternative is morally wrong.... [tags: eugenics, animal testing, ethical judgement]:: 8 Works Cited 1459 words(4.2 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Altering Human Genome - Altering Human Genome The gene pool could use a little chlorine. -Bumper Sticker Consider Gods handiwork; who can straighten what He hath made crooked? -Ecclesiastes 7:13, from Gattaca I not only think that we will tamper with Mother Nature. I think Mother wants us to. -Willard Gaylin, from Gattaca With the scientific breakthroughs of the recent decades the humans have become more powerful than ever in their mastery of Nature. The genetic engineering that allows extracting and modifying the genetic makeup of the future person or animal is in a sense the power of Creation.... [tags: Eugenics Genetics Science Essays]:: 14 Works Cited 1425 words(4.1 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Genetic Engineering: Pros and Cons - Our world has finally begun its long-predicted descent into the depths of chaos. We may not yet realize it, but more and more problems plague the very state of our humanity with each passing day, such as cancer, famine, genetic disorders, and social elitism. It seems as though there is little hope, although a new solution has finally emerged, in the form of genetic engineering. It is apparent, however, that currently we cannot proceed, because while there are an abundant amount of advantages to genetic engineering, it is not a utopian process; criticism includes its practicality, theological implications, and changes in modern social structure.... [tags: Eugenics, Ethics]:: 5 Works Cited 1212 words(3.5 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Allegiance and Loyalty to Totaltarian Society in The Anthem by Ayn Rand - Totalitarian societies include government control over every part of life of the people in that society. The government often has a ruler who is a dictator and has absolute control over the public and private life of the citizens. The leaders of these societies, both real and fictionalized, enforce the rule that children have to live apart from their families because they want loyalty and allegiance to the government, collectivism among the people, and the practice of eugenics. Allegiance to the government is the most important factor in totalitarian societies because it helps dictatorial leaders manipulate the people of the society.... [tags: governement, eugenic, collectivism]629 words(1.8 pages)Better Essays[preview] History and culture of Never Let Me Go - Kazuo Ishiguro's novel Never Let me Go uses a dystopian fantasy world to illustrate the author's view that our real world practice of eugenics is as equally immoral and degrading as the world he describes. The eugenic-soaked world of Never Let me Go is dystopian, and our real world, with its quiet adoption of 'soft' eugenics, is equally dystopian. Ishiguro's point is that utopia can never be attained in either realm if it contains the contagion of eugenics. By depicting unfair struggles that eugenics rigged "pre-destination" imposes on his oh so human characters, Ishiguro portrays the Eugenist's utopian wet dream as a nightmarish perversion of humanity's social contract.... [tags: Literature]:: 1 Works Cited 1330 words(3.8 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Trying to Improve the Human Race by Controlling Reproduction - Trying to Improve the Human Race by Controlling Reproduction THE idea of "Natural Equality" is one of the most deluded ideas that have ever afflicted itself upon mankind. It is simply a figment of the human imagination. Nature knows no equality. She thrives on the idea of the survival of the fittest. The exact definition of eugenics is "The study of methods to improve the human race by controlling reproduction." Therefor eugenics is a pseudo science. It is about the selective prevention or encouragement of births for social, racial, or political ends.... [tags: Papers]390 words(1.1 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Review of a Website - If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday, quoted Pearl Buck. Most everyone has a time in their life where history becomes important to them. Whether that be tracing back family heritage, writing a research essay, or just out of curiosity. All and all, history is very influential to peoples lives and what better way to learn about history then to visit the website Image Archive on the American Eugenics Movement. This credible website offers an opportunity for the public to learn more about our American history in an interactive and creative way.... [tags: Website Review, Reliable Sources]973 words(2.8 pages)Better Essays[preview] Role of Doctors Under Nazis - Role of Doctors in Nazis Racial Hygiene Germany was out to establish a new utopian world order where everything worked in harmony. They wanted to become a healthy and vibrant organism of healthy Aryans. The German doctors were mobilized to create this new world. The German bureaucrats believed all their social burdens were brought on by the handicapped, incurables and homosexuals as well as the Jews and gypsies. The physicians were to use all their medical knowledge and scientific expertise in the treatment for their new world.... [tags: essays research papers fc]:: 2 Works Cited 2232 words(6.4 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Genetic Engineering in Humans - Author Chuck Klosterman said, The simple truth is that were all already cyborgs more or less. Our mouths are filled with silver. Our nearsighted pupils are repaired with surgical lasers. We jam diabetics full of delicious insulin. Almost 40 percent of Americans now have prosthetic limbs. We see to have no qualms about making post-birth improvements to our feeble selves. Why are we so uncomfortable with pre-birth improvement? Despite Klostermans accurate observation, there are reasons people are wearisome toward pre-birth enhancement.... [tags: Genetic Engineering ]859 words(2.5 pages)Better Essays[preview] The High Cost of Genetic Engineering - The High Cost of Genetic Engineering Genetic research on human embryos, in correlation with the human genome, is the key to gene therapy, genetic diagnosis, and even to genetically engineered human beings. Knowing which gene controls what trait and causes what genetic disease will arm doctors with a powerful tool to treat their patients at the molecular level. On the other hand, this allows people to possibly manipulate genes to enhance specific traits or create the perfect baby. Genetic research on human embryos has two implications. A practical one in therapeutic research (to detect, and hopefully correct gene flaws), and then the potentiality of allowing parents to decide how the... [tags: Persuasive Argumentative Essay Examples]:: 9 Works Cited 1197 words(3.4 pages)Strong Essays[preview] An Enhanced Genotype: Ethical Issues Involved with Genetic Engineering and their Impact as Revealed by Brave New World - An Enhanced Genotype: Ethical Issues Involved with Genetic Engineering and their Impact as Revealed by Brave New World Human society always attempts to better itself through the use of technology. Thus far, as a species, we have already achieved much: mastery of electronics, flight, and space travel. However, the field in which the most progress is currently being made is Biology, specifically Genetic Engineering. In Aldous Huxleys Brave New World, humanity has taken control of reproduction and biology in the same way that we have mastered chemistry and physics.... [tags: Genetic Engineering ]:: 6 Works Cited 2288 words(6.5 pages)Term Papers[preview] History And Procedures of Gene Therapy - The History And Procedures of Gene Therapy Abstract: Over the course of history there has been the idea of gene therapy has inspired many great scientists. The history of eugenics is important to the history of gene therapy because it is how gene therapy originated. Eugenics has driven many people to take extreme measures to try and make a better human race, this includes the Nazi party and the movement in the 1930s inspired by Francis Galton. After that, research in eugenics continued and the human genome project sprung from the minds of scientists.... [tags: Biology Medical Biomedical Genetics]:: 2 Works Cited 1810 words(5.2 pages)Term Papers[preview] The indoctrination of the Concept of Racial Hygiene: The Begining of t - The Indoctrination of the Concept of Racial Hygiene: The Beginning of the End The idea of biological degeneration had been studied by doctors, psychiatrists, and scientists many decades before the 1930s and the Nazi regime were ever in power. The idea that the integrity of populations was being undermined by behaviors of alcoholism, criminality, or mental deficiency was a topic for researchers before anyone even knew who Adolf Hitler was. In this essay I will discuss the evolution of a concept that would become known as racial hygiene.... [tags: essays research papers fc]:: 2 Works Cited 2296 words(6.6 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Engineering the Perfect Human - For centuries, mankind has been fascinated by the idea of perfection. In recent decades, the issue has been raised regarding the perfect human and whether scientists are able to engineer and create this. Attempts have been made in the past to engineer this said perfect human, through eugenics and scientific racism, but until now, these attempts have been ineffective. Only now, with modern technology, are scientists able to make more significant progress in altering the human genome to the produce desired characteristics of perfection.... [tags: Genetic Engineering ]:: 21 Works Cited 1831 words(5.2 pages)Term Papers[preview] Whats Genetic Engineering? - You are unique. Born into a family, you are the culmination of months worth of waiting and patience from your parents. The moment you are born may very well be the best day of their lives. Though you may not be very respectful at times, they still love you just as much as they did before. If they could change you thoughif they could have put you together before you were bornwould they. In the society of today, technology and human intellect are increasing at an astonishing rate. While the two may be equal at this moment, there will come a time where technology will overtake human intellect and may very well change the way we look at society today more than it ever has before.... [tags: biotechnology, scientific breakthroughs]:: 9 Works Cited 1281 words(3.7 pages)Strong Essays[preview] The Truth Behind The Holocaust - The twentieth century was a time of change. With two world wars occurring within roughly three decades, it was no surprise that society became forever changed. These two world wars, however, resulted in perhaps one of the most significant and catastrophic events in history - the Holocaust. The Holocaust saw about six million Jews killed by command of German dictator Adolf Hitler. Despite resulting from World War II, however, Hitlers massive genocide of European Jews was planned before the Second World War, and therefore was intentionalism, because of the blame from post-World War I Germany, the twentieth century movement of eugenics as a racial hygiene, and the actions to exterminate Jews... [tags: adolf hitler, nazis, treaty of versailles,germany]:: 9 Works Cited 1675 words(4.8 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] A Comparison of Myself to Adolf Hitler - Struggle is the father of all things. It is not by the principles of humanity that man lives or is able to preserve himself above the animal world, but solely by means of the most brutal struggle. If you do not fight, life will never be won. (Hitler) For most of the world, Adolf Hitler's name is synonymous with thoughts of hatred, criminality, and pure evil. Although he is responsible for the greatest genocide known to humanity, Hitler is now known to be one of the most influential World leaders weve ever known.... [tags: Essay About Myself]:: 5 Works Cited 1230 words(3.5 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Atwood's Oryx and Crake: Chaos Then, Chaos Now, Chaos Later - One brilliant man alone tore down the world, in an attempt to create the perfect people. Instead of creating his ideal world, he created utter chaos, where the number of healthy and living humans fell rapidly. After the complete disorder came to an end, destruction and damage were not the only remnants left behind. A new world was begun with the end of the human race and the birth of the perfect race, which was made up of creatures of flawlessness and excellence. Margaret Atwood tells a story of an end, revolving in the time of a society of the future.... [tags: Literature]:: 6 Works Cited 1489 words(4.3 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Perfect Society: The Effects of Human Genetic Engineering - Many citizens strive to make our society a better one for everyone. By attempting to filter out genetic inferiorities, many believed there were positive effects to the idea of eugenics. Many historic eugenicists thought society would be better by preventing the births of people afflicted with these inheritable diseases. This sterilization movement was very flawed in the early 20th century. Much of the data collected and methods used by eugenicists determined why certain individuals were malleable to a society.... [tags: eugencies, sterilization, diversity]1451 words(4.1 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Darwin and History - Following 1859, The Origin of Species had at last entered public consciousness. While the theories presented by Darwin were simultaneously being celebrated, condemned or challenged, it triggered a new form of self-awareness. Because Darwin initially avoided addressing the ultimate question of human evolution until The Descent of Man published in 1871, it would lead others to pursue the matter with diverse explanations. Known as the father of German Darwinism, Ernst Haeckels Natrliche Schpfungsgeschichte (The History of Creation) was first published in German in 1868 and translated into English in 1876.... [tags: Scientific Research ]:: 6 Works Cited 1149 words(3.3 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Euthanasia: An End to Misery - Thomas More, in describing a utopian community, envisaged such a community as one that would facilitate the death of those whose lives had become burdensome as a result of torturing and lingering pain (Voluntary Euthanasia). Euthanasia is an act that would be used to relieve suffering patients. Before one can argue for or against the legalization of euthanasia, he must understand the difference between the different types of euthanasia: active versus passive, voluntary versus non-voluntary and involuntary, and euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide.... [tags: Ethics ]:: 6 Works Cited 1369 words(3.9 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Genetic Discrimination - In the 1920s the United States became the world center of eugenic activity and social policy. From 1907-1960 more than 100,000 innocent Americans were sterilized in more than 30 states. The American eugenics movements of the 1920s and 1930s recognized human beings as being either cherished or substandard. They established degeneration programs to improve races of low grade causing racism to intend more rapidly. The main targets of degeneration were the usual victims of racism Jews, Indians, Blacks, and many more minorities.... [tags: Discrimination ]584 words(1.7 pages)Good Essays[preview] The Nazi Euthanasia Programme Based on Racial Purity Theories - The Nazi Euthanasia Programme Based on Racial Purity Theories While the actual program of 'euthanasia' was initiated by Hitler in 1939 the whole idea of racial purity, Social Darwinism and eugenics had been on the rise In Europe and more importantly Germany for quite some years. The issue that called for the commencement of the program was in fact written at the end of October but was predated 1st of September to coincide with the start of the war, as it was interestingly enough seen as a paralleled war by the Nazis.... [tags: Papers]2513 words(7.2 pages)Powerful Essays[preview] Main Points of an Essay by an Author Regarding Racism in the South - The essays of the authors in this book focus on the different views of racial segregation in the south. There are many different dimensions of racial discrimination brought to the light by these well-educated authors. This book shows the perspective of segregation of blacks and whites in the south. Over all this book of essays assess the costs of segregations impact on the entire nation. The author of this book, a civil rights historian, recounts the pilgrimage of black teachers in the south. This book gives a comprehensive understanding of how blacks and whites exist side-by-side after slavery is abolished.... [tags: Civil Rights, Discrimination]587 words(1.7 pages)Good Essays[preview] Genetic Engineering is Unethical - Genetic engineering is a technology that has been created to alter DNA of different species to try and make them more improved. This essay will discuss the eugenics, the religious point of view about genetic engineering, genetically modified food and the genetic screening of embryos. In this essay it will be said wether genetic engineering is ethical or unethical. During 1924 Hitler said that everyone needs to be blond hair, blue eyes and white. This is known as Eugenics, thanks to a new science known as biotechnology in a few decades.... [tags: Genetic Engineering Essays]492 words(1.4 pages)Strong Essays[preview] Franz Boas Discuss the Contribution of Anthropology - Franz Boas has been considered by many as the "Father of American Anthropology", as he was a pioneer in breaking down the American isolationism, intolerance and misinformation about and biological diversity and linguistics. Born in Minden, Westphalia, Germany, in 1858, from a Jewish family, Boas early thinking was based on the ideals of the 1848 German revolution and followed his parents intellectual freedom (Stocking, 1974). However, Boas did not set out with the specific ambition to study human cultures, and after attending the universities of Heidelberg, Bonn and Kiel, in 1881 he earned a PhD.... [tags: Deconstructing, Discrediting, Concept of Race ]:: 14 Works Cited 1247 words(3.6 pages)Strong Essays[preview]

Free eugenics Essays and Papers

List of human spaceflights – Wikipedia

Posted on June 3, 2018 by Danzig

These chronological lists include all crewed spaceflights that reached an altitude of at least 100km (the FAIdefinition of spaceflight, see Krmn line), or were launched with that intention but failed. The USA has adopted a slightly different definition of spaceflight, requiring an altitude of only 50 miles (80km). During the 1960s, 13 flights of the US X-15 rocket planemet the US criteria, but only two met the FAI's. These lists include only the latter two flights; see the list of highest X-15 flightsfor all 13. As of the launch of Soyuz MS-08 on March 21st 2018, there have been 319 crewed spaceflights that reached 100km or more in altitude (321 attempted crewed flights with two failed attempts), 8 of which were sub-orbital spaceflights.

To date, there have been four fatal missions in which 18 astronauts died.

*Includes the two failed launches of STS-51-L and Soyuz T-10-1.

The Salyut series, Skylab, Mir, ISS, and Tiangong series space stations, with which various of these flights docked in orbit, are not listed separately here. See the detailed lists (links above) for information.

Missions which were intended to reach space but which failed to do are listed in italics, and fatal missions are marked with asterisk.

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List of human spaceflights - Wikipedia

MH-Hannover: MD/PhD Program "Molecular Medicine"

Posted on June 3, 2018 by ev1

Fully accreditated in 2009 as the first PhD program in Germany according to European standards (ECTS), the Hannover Biomedical Research School features an interdisciplinary curriculum leading to a PhD thesis after 3 years.

The program is a joint venture between thefollowing institutions:# Hannover Medical School# TheUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover# The Leibniz UniversittHannover# TheFraunhofer Institute ITEM Hannover# The FriedrichLffler Institute Mariensee# The Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Braunschweig # TwinCore (Hannover)

PhD topicscover abroad spectrum, including the following areas:# Immunology & Infection# Molecular & Cell Biology# Hematology & Oncology# Biochemistry & Structural Biology# Genetics# Stem Cell Research

Potential PhD students: Holders of an M.Sc. or equivalent degree in Medicine,Veterinary Medicine, Biology, Biochemistry, Biotechnologyor Molecular Biology.

Medical students/graduates are invited to check MD/PhD education for more clinical training options. Please note that we only award a PhD title (not an "MD/PhD")

What we offer: In-depth basic science seminars for the first two years. And all are welcome to attend lectures of the Biomedicine or Biochemistry Master programmes.

Next application deadline: April 1st, 2018. Online application from December1st 2017 at http://www.hbrs-application.de

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MH-Hannover: MD/PhD Program "Molecular Medicine"

SolidarityNYC

Posted on June 3, 2018 by Danzig

Visibility:

Our map of New York Citys solidarity economy, available above, is heralded as a model for similar efforts around the world. Weve come a long way from our first version back in 2009, but the purpose remains the same: render the solidarity economyvisible to organizers, neighbors, researchers, policymakers, and to the solidarity economy groups themselves. Mapping keeps our organizing and research in touch with changes in the field and presents a cohesive and tangible framework for those seeking examples of community-led economic development in our city. We practice cooperation with others seeking to map their communities by sharing our data as members of the Data Commons Cooperative and sharing our website code (without a fee) with aligned groups. Weve also inspired liberal and progressive groups, such as the Freelancers Union, to start their own mapping projects.

Our short films, Portraits of a Solidarity Economy, are an effort to put a human face on an abstract economic concept. Each one explores a single individuals involvement with a solidarity economy organizationa worker co-op, intentional community, barter network, community development credit union, food co-op, or participatory budgeting initiative. We also created a short animation explaining the solidarity economy. They have been featured at film festivals and teach-ins alike, and can be viewed without a fee on this page.

In 2015 we are retooling our map to provide more comprehensive information about the organizations and models represented and are seeking to create longer films emphasizing more in-depth analysis of how solidarity economy organizations work.

Our research and organizing grew out of our efforts to map the many organizations in the city. As we attended sectoral network meetings it became clear there are many shared challenges for solidarity economy organizations, but that no study had been conducted of the New York City groups we were meeting. In 2012 we launched a Deep Listening and Movement Building project to identify what the common challenges and goals are across sectors, and to examine how groups were either already cooperating or how they would like to in the future. This led to the report Growing A Resilient City: Possibilities for Collaboration in New York Citys Solidarity Economy, which outlined substantial overlap in communications, technical assistance, financing, and governance issues. In February 2013 we gathered our 32 respondents and additional organizations for an evening of discussion about our findings and what the potential next steps could be. There was a great deal of enthusiasm for moving ahead with plans for greater cooperation, but it had become clear to SolidarityNYC that we could not properly support this level of organizing without financial support.

In 2013 we solicited and received our first substantial funding for the continuation of our movement building process, which in 2013-2014 allowed us to support a steering committee of solidarity economy leaders who hosted focus groups to dig deeper into the needs and goals of these groups. We are currently working with these groups to draft a proposal for a new organization, a multi-stakeholder cooperative to support New York Citys solidarity economy, called the Cooperative Economy Alliance of New York City, or CEANYC (pronounced scenic.) This organization will be independent of SolidarityNYC, and our collective will join as a member under the appropriate stakeholder class once it is launched.

We are currently engaged in a new Deep Listening and Movement Building project, this time focused on community-based social justice organizations engaged or interested in engaging in solidarity economy practices or community-led economic development. We hope to better understand the principles, goals, and culture of these organizations to better support cooperation and connection between them and the traditional solidarity economy groups.

Weve been told by several visitors that our website is the best English language solidarity economy site available. Were proud to offer the map and films as educational resources, but were also committed to bringing our analysis and listening strategies to others interested in this work. We regularly provide solidarity economy workshops, without a fee, for local groups and national groups ranging from students to philanthropists. Because of our vast local and national network, we are also available to convene technical assistance gatherings when movement building opportunities arise. For example, during Occupy Wall Street we hosted an Occupy Workplace Democracy event in conjunction with the Eastern Conference on Workplace Democracy and the Fund for Democratic Communities that included presentations by seasoned cooperators, co-op attorneys, and co-op financiers for five new New York City co-ops emerging from Occupy.

Last April we hosted a dialogue between Jessica Gordon Nembhard and a local African American solidarity economy organization, Black Womens Blueprint, about the legacy of African American cooperation in the U.S. and New York City. In 2015 we are interested in creating new resources, including a handbook and organizing training, to promote youth-based regional solidarity economy development, but this is dependent on financial support. If you are interested in a workshop, training, or presentation on the solidarity economy or a related topic please email us at info (at) solidaritynyc (dot) org.

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SolidarityNYC

F.A.Q. Fundamental Beliefs | churchofsatan.com

Posted on June 2, 2018 by Danzig

Why do Satanists worship The Devil?

We dont. Satanists are atheists. We see the universe as being indifferent to us, and so all morals and values are subjective human constructions.

Our position is to be self-centered, with ourselves being the most important person (the God) of our subjective universe, so we are sometimes said to worship ourselves. Our current High Priest Gilmore calls this the step moving from being an atheist to being an I-Theist.

Satan to us is a symbol of pride, liberty and individualism, and it serves as an external metaphorical projection of our highest personal potential. We do not believe in Satan as a being or person.

No. We are atheists. The only people who perform sacrifices are those who believe in supernatural beings who would consider a sacrifice to be some form of payment for a request or form of worship. Since we do not believe in supernatural beings there is no reason for a Satanist to make a sacrifice of any sort.

Satanism has strong rules prohibiting sexual activity with children and non-human animals. In fact, if a Church of Satan member abuses children sexually or otherwise, his membership is automatically terminated without possibility for re-instatement. The Church of Satan also does not accept anyone who is not legally adult as an Active Member. In Satanism, sexual activity is only advocated between consenting adults.

No. Our ritual is basically a form of self-therapy and is most often done in private. The three basic rituals are presented in The Satanic Bible by Anton Szandor LaVey and these do not demonstrate any type of abusive behavior.

There is no such thing. People who believe in some Devilish supernatural being and worship him are Devil-worshippers, not Satanists. Anton LaVey was the first to define Satanism as a philosophy, and it is an atheist perspective. Theistic Satanism is an oxymoronic term and thus absurd. In Satanism each individual is his or her own godthere is no room for any other god and that includes Satan, Lucifer, Cthulhu or whatever other name one might select or take from history or fiction.

When LaVey refers to an idea, concept, or quote derived or taken from someone else, he often cites the author, either in the paragraph or in the indexes of his books. If anything LaVey writes seems similar to past concepts, oftentimes, it is augmented with modern circumstances, as well as his own thoughts. Seeing that Satanism is a work in progress, an attempt for melding science with philosophy, we are fully justified in choosing the concepts of old, working with them in our context and taking them into the future. (If we didnt, who else would?) This is the same process used by scientists, doctors, psychologists, and many other professionals. Nothing would get done if individuals merely went along with established thought and never added to it. Its evolution, pure and simple.

Do not e-mail us with questions before you have spent time reading through this FAQ as we will direct you to go back and read it.

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F.A.Q. Fundamental Beliefs | churchofsatan.com

Humanism vs. Atheism | Progressive Humanism

Posted on June 2, 2018 by Danzig

A couple of days ago, a 21 year-old student asked me: Is it a contradiction of terms to be a Humanist but not an Atheist? I replied approximately as follows:

It depends on how you define your terms. I believe that the essence of humanism is a sense that humanity as a whole is more important than any of its subgroups. Basic to humanism is an attitude that starts with a sense of togetherness, a sympathy and a sharing, accompanied by a sense that you as an individual share responsibility for our collective future with all the rest of humanity.

If you believe there is a God specifically dedicated to the protection or care of the group you happen to belong to, whether that group is defined by religion or race or whatever, and that your god supports your group as opposed to other groups, I dont think you can properly be considered a true humanist.

If you believe that there is a God up there someplace that you can invoke to alter specific things that are going to happen, you are not a true humanist. You are in effect passing the buck to an entity whose existence is unverifiable. The humanist says, in effect, the buck stops here.

If you dont submit to either of those two beliefs, however, you can be a humanist in practice even if you choose to believe in some higher power. Some atheists might dispute this, but I believe they are being unnecessarily exclusive, and underrate the need for all of us to work together to combat the pernicious forces of the conservative religious types. Issues like the separation of church and state are very important, and non-believers need to work together with sensible believers to make sure we suffer no return to theocratic tyranny.

******To put it in technical terms, there is a great gap between theists and deists, where deists believe there is a power up there but basically we are on our own. That gap is far more important, in practical terms, than the gap in belief between deists and atheists. As long as you recognize that human destiny is made here on earth, by us humans, and that we are solely responsible for what happens, whether you believe in God (the deist approach) or dont (atheism) is a matter of choice, and an individual seriously concerned with the future of humanity can go either way. A deist with strong humanist leanings is likely to be a person that makes a positive contribution to humanity as a whole. I am a humanist who prefers not to believe in any superior power, but I welcome humanism wherever I find it. We need each other.

CSC 7/16/00

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Humanism vs. Atheism | Progressive Humanism

The Trouble With Atheism | Documentary Heaven

Posted on June 2, 2018 by Danzig

The Trouble with Atheism is an hour-long documentary on atheism, presented by Rod Liddle. It aired on Channel 4 in December 2006. The documentary focuses on criticizing atheism, as well as science, for its perceived similarities to religion, as well as arrogance and intolerance. The programme includes interviews with a number of prominent scientists, including atheists Richard Dawkins and Peter Atkins and Anglican priest John Polkinghorne. It also includes an interview with Ellen Johnson, the president of American Atheists.

Liddle begins the documentary by surveying common criticisms of religion, and particularly antireligious arguments based on the prevalence of religious violence. He argues that the very stupid human craving for certainty and justification, not religion, is to blame for this violence, and that atheism is becoming just as dogmatic as religion.

In order to support his thesis, Liddle presents numerous examples of actions and words by atheists which he argues are direct parallels of religious attitudes. He characterizes Atkins and Dawkins as fundamentalist atheists and evangelists.

In response to atheistic appeals to science as a superior method for understanding the world than religion, Liddle argues that science itself is akin to religion: the problem for atheists is that science may not be as far away from religion as you might imagine.

He describes Fermilab, a U.S. Department of Energy National Laboratory focused on particle physics, as a temple to science, and characterizes Charles Darwins The Origin of Species as a sacred text for atheists.

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The Trouble With Atheism | Documentary Heaven

Life Legacy – Morgan & Nay Funeral Centre

Posted on June 2, 2018 by ev1

Let Us Pause To Honor the Memory of Mr. Taylor Robert Wingham

Mr. Taylor Robert Wingham, age 20, of Madison, Indiana entered this life on December 9, 1997 in Madison, Indiana. He was the loving son of Randall Lee Bowling and Bobbi J. Sage. He resided all of his life in Madison and was a 2016 graduate of Madison Consolidated High School with academic honors. He worked the production line at Arvin Sango in Madison. He was a member of the Trinity United Methodist Church and participated in their youth activities. Taylor enjoyed shooting, target practice, playing the guitar, playing video games and survivalism. He was a loving son, brother, grandson and friend. Taylor died on Sunday, February 18, 2018, at 4:33 a.m. in the Emergency Room at the King's Daughters' Hospital in Madison, Indiana.

Click Here for Tribute or Funeral Service Video

A LOVING FAMILY Taylor will be missed by his loving mother, Bobbi J. Sage of Madison, Indiana; his loving sister, Chloe Sage of Madison, Indiana; his maternal grandma, Ruth Johns Witt Sage of Madison,, Indiana; his paternal grandma, Ernestine White of Austin, Indiana; his aunts, Venita Sweeney of Garner, North Carolina, Mona Lanzoni of Madison, Indiana, Veronica Martin and her husband, Gregg of Southlake, Texas; his uncles, Ray Bell of Madison, Indiana, Thomas Bowling of Scottsburg, Indiana; several cousins, great aunts, great uncles and other relatives. He was preceded in death by his father, Randall Lee Bowling, died July 8, 2002, his maternal grandpa, Robert William Sage, died January 12, 2005, his paternal grandpa, William Thomas Bowling, his cousin, Timothy Axl Lanzoni, died October 5, 2010.

CELEBRATION OF LIFE CEREMONY Celebration services will be conducted Thursday, February 22, 2018, at 1:00 p.m., by Pastor Dennis Ingle at the Morgan & Nay Funeral Centre, 325 Demaree Drive in Madison, Indiana. Taylor will be laid to rest with his father in the Wesley Chapel Cemetery in Austin, Indiana.

VISITATION Friends may call Wednesday from 4:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m. and Thursday from 12:00 Noon until the time of service at the Morgan & Nay Funeral Centre, 325 Demaree Drive Madison, Indiana.

MEMORIAL EXPRESSIONS Memorial contributions may be made to the Taylor Wingham Remembrance Fund. Cards are available at the funeral home. Online condolences, http://www.morgan-nay.com

Kintetsu International Express (Oceania)

Posted on June 2, 2018 by Danzig

About Us

Kintetsu International Express (Oceania) is an ATAS accredited travel agent in Australia, a member of the Australian Federation of Travel Agents.

Kintetsu International belongs to the travel arm of the Kintetsu Group, a multi-billion-dollar conglomerate which operates a major Japanese rail system, bus & freight forwarding companies department stores, restaurants & hotel chains.

Our network covers 160 offices in Japan and 43 worldwide offices in 31 cities. Utilizing our global network, we guide our customers to every location around the globe with quality and dependable services.

Examples of Kintetsu Group Companies:

Japan Rail Passes and Kintetsu Rail Passes

Kintetsu International Express (Oceania) is an authorized travel agent to sell Japan Rail Pass and Kintetsu Rail Pass in Australia.

For detail and pricing, please access the link below:

Mt. Fuji Climbing Tour

Mt. Fuji has long been a symbol of Japan and is listed as world heritage. This English guided tour is recommended to be in your must-do list in Japan.

Click below to see the detail of the tour.

Japan Local Tours -Yokoso Japan Tour(Operated by Club Tourism Japan)

If you are planning to visit Japan, why not join one of the local tours operated by our affiliate Club Tourism in Japan.

ATAS Accreditation No. A10753

Sydney Head Office: Level 1, 120 Sussex Street, Sydney NSW 2000

PO Box Q1743 Queen Victoria Building NSW 1230

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Kintetsu International Express (Oceania)

Home – Deane Hutton | Futurist, Keynote Speaker, Science …

Posted on June 2, 2018 by ev1

// one of Australia's best-known Science Communicators and Futurists

He gives keynote presentations at more than 70 venues each year (business conferences, seminars and schools) speaking about science, technology and the future. Deane uses graphics, video, models, demonstrations and audience interaction. Audience members find out how to recognise future trends, overcome the insecurity of change, and create the future they want. Since 2009, Deane has presented an interactive keynote titled Going Green with Dr Deane more than 200 times. This keynote describes environmental problems and challenges - and offers practical solutions to help save Planet Earth.

He has worked as a science presenter on The Curiosity Show (18 years), Hey Hey It's Saturday (seven years), Seven News and The New Inventors. Deane has also presented talkback radio segments on science issues on FiveAA in Adelaide. In 2007 and 2008, he presented weekly science and technology radio broadcasts through Asia and Africa on Radio CVC.

Deane has degrees in Science and Education and a PhD in Visual Perception and Message Design. He holds a CSP (Certified Speaking Professional) accreditation from the International Federation for Professional Speakers and is a Fellow of the Australian College of Educators (FACE).

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Home - Deane Hutton | Futurist, Keynote Speaker, Science ...

Quantum computing: A simple introduction – Explain that Stuff

Posted on June 2, 2018 by jessica

by Chris Woodford. Last updated: March 9, 2018.

How can you get more and more out of less and less? The smaller computers get, the more powerful they seem to become: there's more number-crunching ability in a 21st-century cellphone than you'd have found in a room-sized, military computer 50 years ago. Yet, despitesuch amazing advances, there are still plenty of complex problemsthat are beyond the reach of even the world's most powerfulcomputersand there's no guarantee we'll ever be able to tacklethem. One problem is that the basic switching and memory units ofcomputers, known as transistors, are now approaching the point wherethey'll soon be as small as individual atoms. If we want computersthat are smaller and more powerful than today's, we'll soon need todo our computing in a radically different way. Entering the realm ofatoms opens up powerful new possibilities in the shape of quantumcomputing, with processors that could work millions of timesfaster than the ones we use today. Sounds amazing, but the trouble isthat quantum computing is hugely more complex than traditionalcomputing and operates in the Alice in Wonderland world of quantumphysics, where the "classical," sensible, everyday laws of physics no longer apply. What isquantum computing and how does it work? Let's take a closer look!

Photo: Quantum computing means storing and processing information using individual atoms, ions, electrons, or photons. On the plus side, this opens up the possibility of faster computers, but the drawback is the greater complexity of designing computers that can operate in the weird world of quantum physics.

You probably think of a computer as a neat little gadget that sits on your lap and lets you send emails, shop online, chat to your friends, or play gamesbut it's much moreand much lessthan that. It's more, because it's a completely general-purposemachine: you can make it do virtually anything you like. It'sless, because inside it's little more than an extremely basiccalculator, following a prearranged set of instructions called aprogram. Like the Wizard of Oz, the amazing things you see in front of youconceal some pretty mundane stuff under the covers.

Photo: This is what one transistor from a typical radio circuit board looks like. In computers, the transistors are much smaller than this and millions of them are packaged together onto microchips.

Conventional computers have two tricks that they do really well: they can storenumbers in memory and they can process stored numbers with simple mathematical operations (like add and subtract). They can do more complex things by stringing together the simple operations into a series called an algorithm (multiplying can bedone as a series of additions, for example). Both of a computer's keytricksstorage and processingare accomplished using switchescalled transistors, which are like microscopic versions of theswitches you have on your wall for turning on and off the lights. Atransistor can either be on or off, just as a light can either be litor unlit. If it's on, we can use a transistor to store a number one(1); if it's off, it stores a number zero (0). Long strings of onesand zeros can be used to store any number, letter, or symbol using acode based on binary (so computers store an upper-case letter A as1000001 and a lower-case one as 01100001). Each of the zeros or ones is called a binary digit (or bit) and, with a string of eight bits, you can store 255 differentcharacters (such as A-Z, a-z, 0-9, and most common symbols).Computers calculate by using circuits called logic gates,which are made from a number of transistors connected together. Logicgates compare patterns of bits, stored in temporary memories calledregisters, and then turn them into new patterns of bitsandthat's the computer equivalent of what our human brains would calladdition, subtraction, or multiplication. In physical terms, thealgorithm that performs a particular calculation takes the form of anelectronic circuit made from a number of logic gates, with the output from one gate feeding in as the input to the next.

The trouble with conventional computers is that they depend onconventional transistors. This might not sound like a problem if yougo by the amazing progress made in electronics over the last fewdecades. When the transistor was invented, back in 1947, the switchit replaced (which was called the vacuum tube) was about asbig as one of your thumbs. Now, a state-of-the-art microprocessor(single-chip computer) packs hundreds of millions (and up to twobillion) transistors onto a chip of silicon the size of yourfingernail! Chips like these, which are called integrated circuits, are an incredible feat of miniaturization. Back in the1960s, Intel co-founder Gordon Moore realized that the power ofcomputers doubles roughly 18 monthsand it's been doing so eversince. This apparently unshakeable trend is known as Moore's Law.

Photo: This memory chip from a typical USB stick contains an integrated circuit that can store 512 megabytes of data. That's roughly 500 million characters (536,870,912 to be exact), each of which needs eight binary digitsso we're talking about 4 billion (4,000 million) transistors in all (4,294,967,296 if you're being picky) packed into an area the size of a postage stamp!

It sounds amazing, and it is, but it misses the point. The moreinformation you need to store, the more binary ones and zerosandtransistorsyou need to do it. Since most conventional computers canonly do one thing at a time, the more complex the problem you wantthem to solve, the more steps they'll need to take and the longerthey'll need to do it. Some computing problems are so complex thatthey need more computing power and time than any modern machine couldreasonably supply; computer scientists call those intractableproblems.

As Moore's Law advances, so the number of intractable problemsdiminishes: computers get more powerful and we can do more with them.The trouble is, transistors are just about as small as we can makethem: we're getting to the point where the laws of physics seem likelyto put a stop to Moore's Law. Unfortunately, there are still hugelydifficult computing problems we can't tackle because even the mostpowerful computers find them intractable. That's one of the reasonswhy people are now getting interested in quantum computing.

Things on a very small scale behave like nothing you have any direct experience about... or like anything that you have ever seen.

Richard Feynman

Quantum theory is the branch of physics that deals with the world ofatoms and the smaller (subatomic) particles inside them. You mightthink atoms behave the same way as everything else in the world, intheir own tiny little waybut that's not true: on the atomic scale, the rules change and the "classical" laws of physics we take for granted in our everyday world no longer automatically apply. As Richard P. Feynman,one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century, once put it: "Things on a very small scale behave like nothing you have any direct experience about... or like anything that you have ever seen." (Six Easy Pieces, p116.)

If you've studied light, you may already know a bit about quantumtheory. You might know that a beam of light sometimes behaves asthough it's made up of particles (like a steady stream ofcannonballs), and sometimes as though it's waves of energy ripplingthrough space (a bit like waves on the sea). That's called wave-particle dualityand it's one of the ideas that comes to us from quantum theory. It's hard to grasp thatsomething can be two things at oncea particle and awavebecause it's totally alien to our everyday experience: a car isnot simultaneously a bicycle and a bus. In quantum theory, however,that's just the kind of crazy thing that can happen. The most striking example of this is the baffling riddle known as Schrdinger's cat. Briefly, in the weird world ofquantum theory, we can imagine a situation where something like a catcould be alive and dead at the same time!

What does all this have to do with computers? Suppose we keep on pushingMoore's Lawkeep on making transistors smaller until they get to thepoint where they obey not the ordinary laws of physics (likeold-style transistors) but the more bizarre laws of quantummechanics. The question is whether computers designed this way can dothings our conventional computers can't. If we can predictmathematically that they might be able to, can we actually make themwork like that in practice?

People have been asking those questions for several decades.Among the first were IBM research physicists Rolf Landauer and Charles H. Bennett. Landauer opened the door for quantumcomputing in the 1960s when he proposed that information is a physical entitythat could be manipulated according to the laws of physics.One important consequence of this is that computers waste energy manipulating the bits inside them(which is partly why computers use so much energy and get so hot, even though they appear to be doingnot very much at all). In the 1970s, building on Landauer's work, Bennett showed how a computer could circumventthis problem by working in a "reversible" way, implying that a quantum computer couldcarry out massively complex computations without using massive amounts of energy.In 1981, physicist Paul Benioff from Argonne National Laboratory tried to envisage a basic machine that would work in a similar way to an ordinary computer but according to the principlesof quantum physics. The following year, Richard Feynman sketched out roughly how a machine using quantum principles could carry out basiccomputations. A few years later, Oxford University's David Deutsch(one of the leading lights in quantum computing) outlined thetheoretical basis of a quantum computer in more detail. How did thesegreat scientists imagine that quantum computers might work?

The key features of an ordinary computerbits, registers, logic gates,algorithms, and so onhave analogous features in a quantum computer.Instead of bits, a quantum computer has quantum bits or qubits,which work in a particularly intriguing way. Where a bit can storeeither a zero or a 1, a qubit can store a zero, a one, bothzero and one, or an infinite number of values in betweenandbe in multiple states (store multiple values) at the same time!If that sounds confusing, think back to light being a particle anda wave at the same time, Schrdinger's cat being alive and dead, or acar being a bicycle and a bus. A gentler way to think of the numbersqubits store is through the physics concept of superposition(where two waves add to make a third one that contains both of theoriginals). If you blow on something like a flute, the pipe fills upwith a standing wave: a wave made up of a fundamental frequency (thebasic note you're playing) and lots of overtones or harmonics(higher-frequency multiples of the fundamental). The wave inside thepipe contains all these waves simultaneously: they're added togetherto make a combined wave that includes them all. Qubits usesuperposition to represent multiple states (multiple numeric values)simultaneously in a similar way.

Just as a quantum computer can store multiple numbers at once, so it canprocess them simultaneously. Instead of working in serial (doing aseries of things one at a time in a sequence), it can work inparallel (doing multiple things at the same time). Only when youtry to find out what state it's actually in at any given moment(by measuring it, in other words) does it "collapse" into one of its possible statesandthat gives you the answer to your problem. Estimates suggesta quantum computer's ability to work in parallel would make it millions of times faster thanany conventional computer... if only we could build it! So howwould we do that?

In reality, qubits would have to be stored by atoms, ions (atoms withtoo many or too few electrons), or even smaller things such as electronsand photons (energy packets), so a quantum computer would be almost like a table-topversion of the kind of particle physics experiments they do atFermilab or CERN. Now you wouldn't be racing particles round giantloops and smashing them together, but you would need mechanisms forcontaining atoms, ions, or subatomic particles, for putting them into certainstates (so you can store information), knocking them into other states (so you canmake them process information), and figuring out what their states are after particularoperations have been performed.

Photo: A single atom can be trapped in an optical cavitythe space between mirrorsand controlled by precise pulses from laser beams.

In practice, there are lots of possible ways of containing atoms and changing their states usinglaser beams, electromagneticfields, radio waves, and an assortment of other techniques.One method is to make qubits usingquantum dots, which are nanoscopically tiny particles of semiconductors inside which individual charge carriers, electrons and holes (missing electrons), can be controlled. Another methodmakes qubits from what are called ion traps: you add or take awayelectrons from an atom to make an ion, hold it steady in a kind of laser spotlight(so it's locked in place like a nanoscopic rabbit dancing in a very bright headlight),and then flip it into different states with laser pulses. In another technique,the qubits are photons inside optical cavities (spaces betweenextremely tiny mirrors). Don't worry if you don't understand; not many people do. Since the entirefield of quantum computing is still largely abstract and theoretical, the only thing we really need to knowis that qubits are stored by atoms or other quantum-scale particles that canexist in different states and be switched between them.

Although people often assume that quantum computers must automatically bebetter than conventional ones, that's by no means certain. So far,just about the only thing we know for certain that a quantum computer could do better than anormal one is factorisation: finding two unknown prime numbers that,when multiplied together, give a third, known number. In 1994,while working at Bell Laboratories, mathematician Peter Shor demonstrated an algorithm that a quantum computercould follow to find the "prime factors" of a large number, whichwould speed up the problem enormously. Shor's algorithm reallyexcited interest in quantum computing because virtually every moderncomputer (and every secure, online shopping and banking website) usespublic-key encryption technology based on the virtual impossibility of finding prime factors quickly (it is, in other words, essentiallyan "intractable" computer problem). If quantum computers couldindeed factor large numbers quickly, today's online security could berendered obsolete at a stroke. But what goes around comes around,and some researchers believe quantum technology will lead tomuch stronger forms of encryption.(In 2017, Chinese researchers demonstrated for the first timehow quantum encryption could be used to make a very secure video callfrom Beijing to Vienna.)

Does that mean quantum computers are better than conventional ones? Notexactly. Apart from Shor's algorithm, and a search method called Grover's algorithm, hardly any other algorithms have been discovered that wouldbe better performed by quantum methods. Given enough time andcomputing power, conventional computers should still be able to solveany problem that quantum computers could solve, eventually. Inother words, it remains to be proven that quantum computers aregenerally superior to conventional ones, especially given the difficulties ofactually building them. Who knows how conventional computers might advancein the next 50 years, potentially making the idea of quantum computers irrelevantand even absurd.

Photo: Quantum dots are probably best known as colorful nanoscale crystals, but they can also be used as qubits in quantum computers). Photo courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory.

Three decades after they were first proposed, quantum computers remainlargely theoretical. Even so, there's been some encouraging progresstoward realizing a quantum machine. There were two impressivebreakthroughs in 2000. First, Isaac Chuang (now an MIT professor, but then working at IBM'sAlmaden Research Center) used five fluorine atoms to make a crude,five-qubit quantum computer. The same year, researchers at LosAlamos National Laboratory figured out how to make a seven-qubitmachine using a drop of liquid. Five years later, researchers at theUniversity of Innsbruck added an extra qubit and produced the firstquantum computer that could manipulate a qubyte (eight qubits).

These were tentative but important first steps.Over the next few years, researchers announced more ambitious experiments, addingprogressively greater numbers of qubits. By 2011, a pioneering Canadiancompany called D-Wave Systems announced in Nature that it had produced a 128-qubitmachine; the announcement proved highly controversialand there was a lot of debate over whether the company's machines had really demonstrated quantum behavior.Three years later, Google announced that it was hiring a team of academics (including University of Californiaat Santa Barbara physicist John Martinis) to develop its own quantum computers based on D-Wave's approach.In March 2015, the Google team announced they were "a step closer to quantum computation," having developeda new way for qubits to detect and protect against errors.In 2016, MIT's Isaac Chuang and scientists from the University of Innsbruckunveiled a five-qubit, ion-trap quantum computer that could calculate the factors of 15; one day, a scaled-up version of this machine mightevolve into the long-promised, fully fledged encryption buster.

There's no doubt that these are hugely important advances.and the signs are growing steadily more encouraging that quantumtechnology will eventually deliver a computing revolution.In December 2017, Microsoft unveiled a completequantum development kit, including a new computer language, Q#, developed specifically forquantum applications. In early 2018,D-wave announced plans to start rolling out quantum power to acloud computing platform.A few weeks later, Google announced Bristlecone, a quantum processorbased on a 72-qubit array, that might, one day, form the cornerstone of a quantum computer that could tackle real-world problems.All very exciting! Even so, it's early days for the whole field, and mostresearchers agree that we're unlikely to see practical quantumcomputers appearing for some yearsand more likely several decades.

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Quantum computing: A simple introduction - Explain that Stuff

Agenda

Posted on June 2, 2018 by jessica

Day 1 | Day 2 | Download Brochure

Tuesday, May 1, 2018

7:30 am Conference Registration and Continental Breakfast

8:30 Welcome Keynote and State of the Neurotechnology Industry

The Neurotechnology Industry Organization and guest speakers provide an annual review of trends and developments in neuropharmaceuticals, neurodevices, and neurodiagnostics.

Panelists: Alison Fenney, Member, Board of Directors, Neurotechnology Industry Organization

Harry Tracy, President, NI Research

James Cavuoto, Editor & Publisher, Neurotech Reports

9:00 Investing in Neurotech Panel

A diverse panel of private, public and strategic investors will discuss their investment strategies. What does it take to get a neurotech company funded? What are the benefits and risks of business models in devices, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics and information technology? What are todays deal terms and valuations? What are the best exit strategies and how is neurotech comparing to other industries?

Moderator: Joshua Pinto, Vice President, Healthcare Investment Banking, Credit Suisse

Panelists: Rahul Ballal, Entrepreneur-in-Residence, Versant Ventures

Laura Tadvalkar, Senior Associate, MP Healthcare Venture Management

Paulina Hill, Principal, Polaris Partners

Jamil Beg, Principal, 5AM Ventures

William Robb, Founding Partner, NovaQuest Capital Management

10:00 Coffee Break with Exhibit Viewing

10:40 Treatments for Alzheimers and Cognitive Disorders

As the population ages, the market for neurodegenerative disorders is exploding. Current treatments stabilize symptoms only for a short period of time. What is on the horizon for symptom improvement and disease modification from drug and device companies? Can earlier or more accurate diagnosis improve outcomes?

Moderator: Michael Gold, Vice President, Development Neurosciences, AbbVie

Panelists: Christopher U. Missling, President and CEO, Anavex Life Sciences

Leen Kawas, President and CEO, M3 Biotechnology

Michael Mullan, CEO, Archer Pharmaceuticals

Casey Lynch, CEO, Cortexyme

Carlos Buesa, CEO, Oryzon

11:40 Developments on the Horizon for Pain and Epilepsy

Drugs and devices with novel mechanisms of action are on the horizon to decrease side effects and improve efficacy in treatment resistant populations for epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Hear from leading companies on their approaches.

Moderator: Robert H. Ring, Founder & President, Auts Consulting and Advisory Solutions

Panelists: Gregory T. Mayes, President, CEO & Founder, Engage Therapeutics, Inc.

Stephen Collins, CEO, Biscayne Neurotherapeutics

Ana Maiques, CEO, NeuroElectrics

Louis Mayaud, CSO, Mensia Technologies

12:40 pm Networking Luncheon

2:00 Internal and External Research and Development

Pharmaceutical and device companies are looking to provide complete solutions that span from prevention to treatment. Functions across the value chain will be kept in house or partnered. This panel of experts will discuss how they approach collaborations with other companies, academic groups, research institutes, and platform companies.

Moderator: Christine de los Reyes, Vice President, Strategic Planning & Business Development, Alopexx Enterprises, LLC

Panelists: Jeff Erb, Senior Director, Strategy and Business Development, Medtronic

Isaac Veinbergs, Head, External Innovation, Sanofi

Eric Schaeffer, Senior Director, Neuroscience Innovation, Johnson & Johnson Innovation

3:00 Refreshment Break with Exhibit Viewing

3:45Targeting Orphan Diseases

Orphan disorders are a hot area of investment due to perceived benefits with regulatory agencies, ready access to patients, and premium pricing. This session will gather companies developing treatments for ALS, lysosomal storage disorders, Huntingtons, and more.

Moderator: Daniel Burch, Global Medical Officer, PPD Biotech

Panelists: Marc Martinell, CEO, Minoryx

Andrew Lim, CEO, Circumvent Pharmaceuticals

Lynn Durham, CEO & Founder, Stalicla

Michael Panzara, Franchise Lead, Neurology, WAVE Life Sciences Ltd.

Pushkal Garg, Chief Medical Officer, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals

David B. Clissold, Director, Hyman, Phelps & McNamara, P.C.

4:45 Strategic Development of Your Product Outside of the US: The Australian Advantage

Tina Soulis, PhD, CEO, Neuroscience Trials Australia

This session will focus on case studies to demonstrate the approval process, regulatory framework, tax advantages, networks and overall capabilities that exist in Australia that could be used as part of a strategic development plan to save time, effort and cost when planning your studies.

5:00 Emerging Company Showcase - Learn More About Our Participants

The third annual Emerging Company Showcase offers the stage to young neurotech companies to pitch their drug, device, diagnostic, or software to an audience of investors, CEOs, and executives in the field.

Moderator: Carla Lema Tome, Advisor, Neurotechnology Industry Organization

Participants: Lowry Curley, CEO, AxoSim, Inc

Dan Rizzuto, CEO, Nia Therapeutics

Shawn Ritchie, CEO and CSO, Med-Life Discoveries LP

Sefi Epel, CEO, Brainmarc

Visar Berisha, Co-Founder, CSO, Aural Analytics

Julie Collens, CEO, Vivid Genomics

Devon Greco, Founder and CEO, Narbis

Kumar Sripathirathan, CEO, DEHA

Steven Prawer, Director, Cofounder, CTO, iBIONICS

Eliav Shaked, Founder & CEO, RetiSpec

6:00 Welcome Reception with Exhibit Viewing

7:00Close of Day

Day 1 | Day 2 | Download Brochure

Wednesday, May 2, 2018

8:00 am Continental Breakfast

8:45Keynote Presentation

Stephanie Fertig, MBA, Director, NINDS Small Business Programs, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health

9:00 Partnering and Licensing in Neurotech Panel

Big pharma, biotech and medtech need to act to capitalize new innovations that provide solutions to the global demands in healthcare. This insider panel will discuss their areas of interest for in-licensing novel therapeutics, devices and diagnostics and what they look for in a partner.

Moderator: John Reppas, Director, Public Policy, Neurotechnology Industry Organization

Panelists: Murali Gopalakrishnan, Head, Neuroscience Search and Evaluation, AbbVie

Robert Bagdorf, Vice President, Biopharmaceuticals Search and Evaluation, Pfizer

Matt Gunderman, Director, Business Development, Boston Scientific

10:00 Coffee Break with Exhibit Viewing

10:40 Parkinsons and Other Movement Disorders

Current treatments for movement disorders can improve functioning, but suffer from side effects and off period, especially as the disease progresses. A number of novel pipeline pharmaceuticals and devices seek to address these issues. This session will explore how disease modifying treatments alter the course of movement disorders, and how companion diagnostics can be leveraged to provide the most optimal outcomes for patients.

Moderator: Julie G Pilitsis, Chair Dept of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Professor of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College

Panelists: Ralph Kern, COO and CMO, BrainStorm Therapeutics

Randall W. Moreadith, CEO, Serina Therapeutics

Michael Almstetter, CEO, Origenis

Nader Yaghoubi, President and CEO, PathMaker Neurosystems Inc.

Jim DeMesa, CEO, Emerald Health Pharmaceuticals

11:40 Next-Generation Psychiatry

Schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, addiction, ADHD and other psychiatric illnesses represent a large portion of the neurotech market. Development of promising next-generation treatments is challenging. Novel devices and diagnostics are poised to change the treatment landscape. This session will gather the most innovative treatments for mental health disorders.

Moderator: Manuel Lopez-Figueroa, Venture Partner, Bay City Capital

Panelists: Remy Luthringer, CEO, Minerva Neurosciences

Stephen Brannan, CMO, Karuna Pharmaceuticals

Atul Mahableshwarkar, Vice President, Clinical Development, BlackThorn Therapeutics

Michael J. Detke, CMO, Embera Therapeutics

Eric J. Messika, President and CEO, Coronis Neurosciences Ltd.

12:40 pm Networking Luncheon

2:00 Frontiers in Neurotechnology

In this session, we will hear from companies on the cutting edge. Novel neurostimulation devices are being developed for new markets. Closed loop systems create the promise of reduced side effects and more targeted treatment. New technology is yielding benefits in delivery of therapeutics to brain. This session will preview next generation products and companies in neurotechnology.

Moderator: Daniel OConnell, Founding member & Managing Partner, NeuroVentures; President and Chief Executive Officer, Acumen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

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Agenda

Active and Passive Nihilism – Academy of Ideas

Posted on June 2, 2018 by jessica

The following is a transcript of this video.

We are approaching the end of our journey through Nietzsches ideas on nihilism.

In this lecture we will examine the important but often overlooked emotional dimension of nihilism and introduce how individuals, especially today,utilize secular means to avert nihilism. We will then look at someof Nietzsches key ideas about nihilism which we have yet to cover; including his view of nihilism as a mere transitional stage, along with his interesting demarcation between active and passive nihilism.

In his book Beyond Good and Evil Nietzsche made a comment which seems especially relevant to nihilists:

Gradually it has become clear to me what every great philosophy so far has been: namely, the personal confession of its author and a kind of involuntary and unconscious memoir. (Beyond Good and Evil, Friedrich Nietzsche)

This seems to be especially true of one who tries to defend nihilism; nihilistic philosophical arguments are usually invented afterwards to defend feelings of despair and dread over the utter futility of life, rather than being what leads one to such a position in the first place.

Victor Frankl emphasizes this point; nihilism, he states, cannot be treated as an abstract problem, rather, it is an existential problem that arises when ones existence in the world becomes problematic. As he puts it:

nihilism as it is experienced the actual existential sense of the meaningless and futility of life is not the product of an intellectual theory. (Viktor Frankl)

As has been noted in previous lectures, in order for a meaning or purpose in life to be satisfactory, and thus to prevent the onset of the emotional feelings associated with nihilism, most individuals need to be convinced that the purpose they believe in is objective. In other words, they must believe that such a purpose is not the arbitrary creation of one or a handful of individuals but rather that it exists written in the fabric of the universe so to speak. Nietzsche emphasized the point that historically human beings have been granted this assurance through teachings espoused by what he called a superhuman authority.

In The Will to Power he explains:

The nihilistic question for what? is rooted in the old habit of supposing that the goal must be put up, given, demanded from outside by some superhuman authority. (The Will to Power, Friedrich Nietzsche)

But belief in otherworldly sources for the answers to our existential questions has for many over the past century been harder and harder to swallow.

However, this need to find apurpose to ones life is an unrelenting force, and today individuals are increasingly finding ways of averting nihilism which do not involve beliefs in the supernatural. Instead many are utilizing what can be seen as a secular alternative for finding meaning and purpose in life.

This alternative, which is a modern phenomenon, is the participation in mass movements. Such participation often includes supporting a political party or leader, a war, or just strongly identifying ones self with their nation.

In the early 20th century, which as we mentioned in the previous lecture was the generation which Nietzsche prophesized would witness the rise of nihilism, this secular way of averting nihilism was taken to the extreme, and often resulted in totalitarianism and other revolutionary movements.

The two most infamous mass movements of the early to mid 20th century were Nazism and Communism. In an article titled The Hungry Sheep published in the early 1950s an astute writer described the appeal of communism and showed how it provided followers with a purpose:

From the outside, the communist may look like an ant in an anthill, but to himself he may seem to be a comrade helping to carry out a great design what in another context would be called the Will of God

The author says later in the article in regards to those who joined thecommunist movement:

For the first time they belong to something, to a cause good or bad as it may be, but something at any rate which transcends their narrow personal interests and opens up a world in which each has his part to play and all can pull together.

Through the feeling that one is an active and contributing member of ones society, it is possible for many to obtain, to one degree or another, the existential certitude regarding the meaning of life which religions used to provide.

We will now proceed to examine some more of Nietzsches key ideas regarding nihilism. As we have already noted in previous lectures, Nietzsche himself went through a period of nihilism, writing that he had lived through the whole of nihilism, to the end, leaving it behind, outside himself. Through the process of enduring and eventually overcoming nihilism, Nietzsche obtained intimate knowledge regarding its nature.

Nietzsche didnt think of nihilism as a satisfactory philosophical position so much as he thought of it as a disease, calling it pathological. Like any disease, those afflicted with nihilismshould strive to rid themselves of it and for this reason, thought Nietzsche, nihilism could be considered as a transitional stage in ones life. If one is stricken by nihilism they must use it to their advantage and learn the lessons which it has to offer, but ultimately it should not be the stopping point in ones philosophical journey.

The reason for Nietzsches view of nihilism as a transitional stage was because he saw the nihilistic conclusion that life is meaningless as mistaken; a mistake resulting from an erroneous generalization. Nihilists, after coming to the realization that the beliefs they had previously held regarding the meaning of life are false, all too often take this to imply that all beliefs in regards to lifes meaning are equally delusional. Instead of merely rejecting their old set of beliefs and continuing the search, theysee the search as futile and give up on trying to find meaning altogether.

This erroneous generalization is similar to the line of reasoning taken by anindividual who has their heart broken and proceeds to claim that love does not exist. The nihilist, in a similar manner,ashamed at themselves for believing in a meaning to life which they now understand to be false, makes the erroneous claim that there is no meaning to life whatsoever.

Nihilism, Nietzsche wrote, represents a pathological transitional stage (what is pathological is the tremendous generalization, the inference that there is no meaning at all. (The Will to Power, Friedrich Nietzsche).

It is when the nihilist realizes the error in his reasoning that nihilism becomes a transitional stage. Nietzsche arrived at this insight when he realized that the search for meaning and value in life is not futile, it is just that human beings have traditionally looked for meaning in the wrong places.

In fact, not only did he think it was possible to live a meaningful life, but Nietzsche thought all previous interpretations of existence had greatly underestimated just how meaningful human lives could be.

As we have discussed in earlier lectures, traditionally meaning has been found in a true world, apart from this earthly existence. But the benefit for the nihilist who rejects true world beliefs is that they are then forced to search for meaning on this earth, if they are to have any hope overcoming the nihilistic disease. Those bold enough to undertake such a task, would according the Nietzsche, soon find that life is far more valuable than they ever could have imagined.

He wrote:

In sum: the world might be far more valuable than we used to believe; we must see through the naivet of our ideals, and while we thought that we had accorded it the highest interpretation, we may not have given our human existence a moderately fair value. (The Will to Power, Friedrich Nietzsche)

Nietzsche didnt think everyone in a state of nihilism was capable of curing themselves. He in fact differentiated between two types of nihilists; those who have the strength to overcome it, and those who do not. The former he called active nihilists, while the latter he called passive nihilists.

Nihilism. It is ambiguous: A. Nihilism as a sign of increased power of the spirit: as active nihilism. B. Nihilism as decline and recession of the power of the spirit: as passive nihilism. (The Will to Power, Friedrich Nietzsche)

The passive nihilist is the individual, who when confronted with nihilism, sees it as an endpoint or a sign to stop the search for meaning. In short, this type of individual lacks the strength to make anything of their life, and unfortunately many who reach this stage will, as we discussed earlier, out of sheer desperation attach themselves to some form of mass movement in a final attempt to find an objective purpose to life.

Eric Hoffer, in his book The True Believer, provides an intriguing analysis of such an individual.

To the frustrated a mass movement offers substitutes either for the whole self or for the elements which make life bearable and which they cannot evoke out of their individual resources. (The True Believer, Eric Hoffer)

Like the passive nihilist, the active nihilist experiences the existentialconfusion and disorientation which accompanies the feeling that life is utterly futile and meaningless. However, instead of succumbing to this despair or diving blindly into a mass movement in order to soothe ones fears, as the passive nihilist does, Nietzscheenvisioned the active nihilist as an individual who charges forward and consciously destroys all the beliefs which previously gave meaning to their lives.

[Nihilism] reaches its maximum of relative strength as a violent force of destruction as active nihilism. (The Will to Power, Friedrich Nietzsche)

After ridding one self of all the beliefs and attachments which previously gave their life meaning, the active nihilist stands alone in the universe, a true independent free spirit able to create meaning instead of having it imposed on him by an authority figure. In Thus Spoke Zarathustra Nietzsche poetically emphasizes this point:

A new pride my ego taught me, and this I teach men: no longer to bury ones head in the sand of heavenly things, but to bear it freely, an earthly head, which creates a meaning for the earth. (The Will to Power, Friedrich Nietzsche)

In the next lecture, the final of this series, we will investigate some of the ideas Nietzsche thought could help one overcome nihilism and thus allow them to create a fulfilling and meaningful life. We will investigate such fascinating topics as Nietzsches attempt torevalue suffering.

Good Places to Start Ones Study of NihilismThe Specter of the Absurd: Sources and Criticisms of Modern Nihilism (1988) Donald CrosbyThe Self Overcoming of Nihilism (1990) Keiji NishitaniThe Dark Side: Thoughts on the Futility of Life from the Ancient Greeks to the Present (1994) Alan PrattThe Banalization of Nihilism: Twentieth Century Responses to Meaninglessness (1992) Karen Carr

Nietzsche and NihilismThe Will to Power Friedrich NietzscheThe Affirmation of Life: Nietzsche on Overcoming Nihilism (2009) Bernard ReginsterNietzsche: A Collection of Critical Essays (1973) Robert Solomon

Other Nihilistic WorksThe Trouble with Being Born Emile CioranA Short History of Decay Emile CioranThe Plague Albert CamusThe Fall Albert CamusThe Rebel Albert Camus

Living Childfree – RESOLVE: The National Infertility …

Posted on May 31, 2018 by jessica

My husband and I struggled with infertility for several years. I going to say on and off for several years, but even when we werent trying there was always the hope that I might get pregnant.

I have unexplained infertility no reason was discovered for my inability to get pregnant. After six failed procedures, and one miscarriage at 11 weeks, we decided to take a break. We wanted our lives back. We were stressed out and exhausted from all aspects of treatment: injectable medications, the monthly anticipation and resulting disappointment with each failed pregnancy test and the cost.

During this break I joined a mind-body group. The stated goal of the group was not to achieve pregnancy, but rather to regain a sense of control, to de-stress, to come together with other women and couples who were also struggling with infertility and talk about our experiences, learn coping techniques and have an emotional outlet. I was very angry and very sad. I felt like my body, which was created to bear children was defective that I was defective. I felt guilty that I was letting my husband down (he didnt make me feel guilty, I brought that on myself). I remember spending time with girlfriends and their new babies and young children and feeling like the girl without a baby. I had a hard time attending baby showers, christenings and celebratory, baby-centric events. In the group I learned relaxation techniques including meditation, which helped me to being to let go of the anger, the guilt, the sadness and the pain. I started journaling. The mind-body group was life-changing.

The decision to remain childfree evolved. As I mentioned earlier, it started as a much needed break from treatment. We tried it on, and it seemed like it might fit. As time went on, we thought about and talked about the option of continuing this way. I saw a therapist who specialized in working with infertile women and couples, and she helped me explore this further. Remaining childfree a term neither my husband nor I really like seemed like a viable option.

I refer to us as a family of two. Its a more positive and accurate description of who we are. Family is important to us. My husband has five siblings, and I have three; we have 19 nieces and nephews. We love spending time with them, and we also treasure spending time together and with our large network of friends. Interestingly, many of our friends, who we have known for years, dont have children for one reason or another. And, of course, many do.

There are certainly many positive things you can identify about not having children, including financial aspects and independence. Those didnt guide our decision, however, which wasnt always easy, even after we were resolute that it was right for us.

Just as my experience with infertility was a journey, so too is the decision to live our life without children of our own. Along the way a sense of control returned to my life. Infertility brings with it a sense of powerlessness. Each month another treatment cycle is attempted, and you hope for the best, knowing you have little or no control over the outcome.

Making this decision was empowering.

It is the first step in a process, the first step in allowing myself to begin to answer the question supposed I didnt have children, what would that be like? The answer continues to unfold everyday.

Contributed by: Jennifer Richmond

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Living Childfree - RESOLVE: The National Infertility ...

ABI | The Essential Resource for Today’s Busy Insolvency …

Posted on May 31, 2018 by ev1

Three years after opening up an office in Chicago, Fox Rothschild is doubling its presence in the Windy City through the acquisition of Shaw Fishman Glantz & Towbin, the American Lawyer reported. Philadelphia-based Fox Rothschild could already boast 18 attorneys in Chicago, up from four when it announced the office in April 2015. But according to chairman Mark Silow, the size of the Chicago legal market demanded that the firm expand further. The 23 Shaw Fishman attorneys will officially link up with Fox Rothschild on June 11. That tally also includes two bankruptcy lawyers in Wilmington, Delaware, who will also be part of the merger. Shaw Fishman, founded in 1988, is focused on bankruptcy, commercial litigation and real estate. Silow said the bankruptcy practices of the two firms were especially compatible. While the two firms will consolidate their Wilmington operations, they will initially continue to operate two separate Chicago offices for the next nine or 10 months, until Shaw Fishmans lease expires. Shaw Fishman name partner Robert Fishman called Fox Rothschild a superb fit.

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ABI | The Essential Resource for Today's Busy Insolvency ...

Things to Know About Degrees in Alternative Medicine …

Posted on May 31, 2018 by ev1

What holistic medicine degrees are available?

From certificates to doctoral degrees, the alternative medicine arena offers a wide range of educational resources for those interested in joining this growing field.

If you plan to work as a naturopathic doctor (ND), youll need to earn a doctoral degree in order to practice. This type of program teaches students about all the areas of natural health and prepares them to work in a private practice or clinic.

Other alternative medicine programs, like hypnotherapy or homeopathy, are typically geared toward those with an ND (or MD) and come in the form of diplomas or certificates. Many naturopathic doctors use homeopathy and hypnotherapy to complement their existing treatments. If youre interested in studying an area of alternative medicine as a hobby, you can also find courses and seminars.

If you plan to attend a college or university to be trained in alternative medicine, you can expect to learn about the following topics:

A bachelors of science (BS) degree in alternative medicine is a four-year program which will incorporate both general education requirementsEnglish, math, sciencewith specific course work related to alternative medicine.

If you already work in the natural health field as a massage therapist or other profession, earning a BS in alternative medicine can expand your career options and teach you how to include new treatment methods in to your job.

As an example of what you might encounter in a BS in alternative medicine program, Everglades University offers the following classes once a student has completed the general education requirements:

Becoming an ND doesnt require a pre-med undergraduate major, but if you know youre interested in heading down this career path, be sure to fulfill any science prerequisites that may be necessary for graduate school.

If youve got your sights set on a naturopathic doctor career right from the start, there are undergraduate naturopathic programs which include 20 semester or 30 quarter credits of chemistry, botany, biology, anatomy and physiology.

If youre looking to earn a master of science in alternative medicine degree, youre in luck. Theres no shortage of graduate programs, but youll need to determine what area of the field you want to focus on.

Concentrations include:

As an example of coursework in an MS program for alternative medicine, the National College of Natural Medicine (NCNM) Master of Science in Integrative Medicine Research includes these classes:

Physiology and health, nutrition, physical medicine and pulse reading are other topics youll be trained in.

Just like a medical doctor (MD), naturopathic doctors need the most advanced degree to practice. In fact, NDs learn the same basic sciences as an MD, but theyre also schooled in a vast array of alternative medicine techniques.

To become an ND, students must be trained in:

Clinical training will be another crucial aspect in your doctoral education.With clinical experience, youll meet with patients and get a sense of the environment you could one day be working in.

Your field of expertise will determine your licensure requirements. Licensure is done through the state you plan to work in, while certifications are generally provided by industry organizations. Certification does not necessarily mean you are licensed to practice.

Naturopathic Doctor

Not all states distribute licenses for alternative medicine practitioners, but the following states do, along with the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S Virgin Islands. The American Association of Naturopathic Physicians (AANP) is a proponent of licensure in all 50 states.

The Homeopathic Academy of Naturopathic Physicians (HANP) certifies NDs.

Homeopathic program graduates are licensed through the Council for Homeopathic Certification (CHC). In Arizona, Connecticut and Nevada, licensed homeopaths are also physicians. Meanwhile, unlicensed practitioners are allowed to practice homeopathy in California, Idaho, Louisiana, Rhode Island, Minnesota and Oklahoma. If you refer to yourself as a homeopathic doctor, youll need to have a medical license, otherwise you can work as a homeopathic counselor.

Hypnotherapy

Several certification organizations give their seal of approval to hypnotherapists including the American Association of Professional Hypnotherapists (AAPH), the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis (SCEH) and the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis (ACSH).

Certification can also be obtained via the American Board of Medical Hypnosis, the American Board of Psychological Hypnosis, the American Board of Hypnosis in Dentistry and the American Hypnosis Board for Clinical Social Work.

Holistic Health Practitioner

The American Association of Drugless Practitioners certifies holistic health practitioners.

Naturopathic degree programs train students to become an expert in the field of alternative medicine as well as how to work with patients seeking a different form of medical treatment. ND programs are rigorous and prepare students to work as a primary care physician.

In addition to a clinical practicum, courses will teach you about:

Your level of education will determine how much schooling youll need. An alternative medicine degree can take the following time to complete:

Not unlike traditional medical schools, online naturopathic programs exist, but professional organizations often discourage students from distance learning because medicine is such a hands-on field.

The Council on Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME), the accreditation body for ND schools, doesnt accredit online programs. If you earn a degree from a non-accredited school, youll be unable to sit for the professional exam to become licensed as an ND.

If you work in a state where NDs arent licensed and youve earned a degree from a non-accredited school, you can still use the ND title, but cannot present yourself as a physician. Instead, you can use your expertise to counsel patients.

If youre looking to earn a certificate in hypnotherapy or homeopathy, online programs are available.

If you attend a four-year naturopathic school tuition full time, expect to pay approximately $25,000* per year. While the cost can be steep, find out if your school offers financial aid, scholarships or grants.

Making sure your school is accredited is particularly important if youll be applying for financial aid. These schools qualify for federal and state financial aid, such as work-study programs and Stafford loans.

Programs for homeopathy and hypnotherapy cost less because theyre usually shorter in length and offered to practicing NDs and MDs as a way to complement their services.

Homeopathic school tuition runs between $200 and $7,500. The reason for the wide range in cost is length of time. Programs in the $200 to $1,000 range are generally week-long or weekend seminars, while the more expensive courses last longer and are more in-depth.

*Cost of tuition only. Prices do not reflect other fees.

ND program prerequisites

While each school has their own requirements, most NDs will expect incoming students to have:

Homeopathy program prerequisites

Pay attention to the prerequisites for homeopathic programs as some are geared strictly for medical professionals. These will require a medical license as a prerequisite. Programs offered for anyone interested in the practice generally dont have prerequisites.

Accreditation is an important part of your alternative medicine education. Its the seal of approval that a schools program provides a standard of education accepted in the industry. Be aware there are different bodies of accreditation based on the area of medicine you plan to practice.

Naturopathic Doctor

Attending a school which is not accredited by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME) will be a hindrance if you try to sit for a professional board exam. Only graduates of CNME-accredited schools are permitted to take these exams.

Homeopathy

Classical homeopathy programs are accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Homeopathic Education in North America.

The Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association, which is recognized by the U.S. Department of Education, is another accreditation body you may come across.

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