Snow and ice warning as Storm Ciara crosses the country – RTE.ie

Met ireann has lifted its Status Orange wind warning along the Atlantic coast as Storm Ciara continues to cross the country.

Meanwhile, a Status Yellow snow and ice warning is in place for the entire country with widespread wintry showers forecast.

The west and north are expected to be worst affected and the warning remains in place until midnight Tuesday.

A Status Yellow wind warning has also been issued for counties Donegal, Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Sligo, Clare and Kerry.

Met ireann said a combination of spring tides and high seas could also result in coastal flooding, especially at high tide.

The number of homes, farms and businesses without electricity has increased again over the last few hours, due to the weather conditions.

The ESB said there were around 8,300 customers affected across the country.

Most of the power outages have been caused by high winds, but some faults are due to lightning.

The ESB said it hopes to reconnect all the affected customers overnight, with crews working to carry out repairs as soon as possible and where conditions are safe to do so.

A number of local authorities in western counties say they will be closely monitoring high tides over the coming days.

Galway City Council says car parks in the Salthill area will be closed ahead of high tide tomorrow morning, which is due at around 6am.

Sligo County Council says members of the public should take particular care in coastal areas due to the high tides, large swells and onshore winds.

Meanwhile, Kerry County Council says a section of the R569 Clonkeen to Kilgarvan road has been closed, with diversions in place, to a partial collapse of the road during Storm Ciara.

In Clare, the N85 at Ballyea South, Inagh, is closed due to flooding, while the Cliffs of Moher will be closed to visitors all day.

The Road Safety Authority and AA Roadwatch is asking road users toexercise extreme caution while using the roads due to weather conditions.

People are also being advised to stay away from exposed beaches, cliffs, piers, promenades and harbours.

The Irish Coast Guard has said it "strongly advises" the public to stay away from exposed beaches, cliffs and piers during the ongoing stormy conditions.

It says the message is to "stay back, stay high and stay dry" during the high tides, large swells and onshore winds.

In Northern Ireland, people and livestock were rescued from flooding amid the aftermath of Storm Ciara.

Bad weather conditions resulted in a number of incidents of flooding, particularly in counties Fermanagh and Tyrone.

Firefighters helped two people trapped in a car in flood water to safety in the Lisnawery road area of Augher, Co Tyrone early on yesterday morning.

They pushed the car out of the water at around 8am, and the pair escaped without injury.

A couple of hours later, firefighters rescued 12 sheep from flood water using lines and a reach pole at an incident in the Cavan road area of Dromore, Co Tyrone.

Meanwhile, on Saturday night, a pump was used to divert water away from 15 houses at risk in Laragh's Croft in Enniskillen, Co Fermanagh.

As well as Ireland, Storm Ciara hashit the UK, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark and Switzerland.

Germany's rail operator Deutsche Bahn has cancelled long-distance train services in many parts of the north west.

It said cancellationswould be extendedto the rest of the country.

Rail companies in England, Scotland and Wales have urged passengers not to travel, during what the UK's Met Office has said could be the strongest storm to hit the country for seven years.

Additional reporting Fergal O'Brien and PA

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Snow and ice warning as Storm Ciara crosses the country - RTE.ie

Virus outbreak shuts North Korea’s best route around US sanctions – The Business Times

Thu, Feb 13, 2020 - 5:50 AM

Seoul

NORTH Korea's decision to shut the border with China to avoid the coronavirus will set back its nascent economic recovery, renewing pressure on leader Kim Jong-un to return to nuclear negotiations with US President Donald Trump.

A jump in fuel prices, a dip in port activity and the suspension of train and air links show the early impact as reports emerge of the first virus case in North Korea. In recent days, Seoul-based NK News reported a 36 per cent jump in diesel prices and diminished activity at the port of Nampo, along with new quarantine procedures.

The closed borders will cut off foreign tourism that provides the cash-starved state with hard currency and further limit the trickle of trade it has with the outside world. The economic blow, if sustained, might make it tougher for Mr Kim to keep pushing back against Mr Trump's demands.

Before the virus complicated matters, things had been looking up - reforms, a bumper harvest and sanctions-dodging were helping Pyongyang claw back some of the lost growth triggered by tougher United Nations (UN) trade restrictions and a drought.

The UN Conference on Trade and Development estimated that the economy expanded by 1.8 per cent last year, following its biggest slump in decades in 2018. That view tallied with a surge in China's imports that suggested an increase in economic activity and trade.

Global sanctions piled on North Korea in 2017 for its nuclear and missile tests have slammed its trade and access to vital resources such as oil. That hasn't stopped Mr Kim from building his nuclear arsenal and finding ways to evade the economic restrictions, such as the illegal trading of commodities via high-seas transfers between ships, the US and others have said.

North Korea stepped up its illegal exports of coal last year, with most of those deliveries headed for China, according to a confidential UN report reviewed Monday by Bloomberg News. Pyongyang raked in US$370 million worth of shipments from January through August alone, a panel monitoring the enforcement of sanctions on North Korea said in the report to the Security Council, citing evidence provided by an unidentified member-state.

The Kim regime also managed to import luxury vehicles and other sanctioned items, including alcohol and robotic machinery, the report showed. While these activities could be affected by the border closure, other illicit activity highlighted in the report won't, such as the country's acquisition of virtual currencies and cyberattacks against global banks to evade financial sanctions.

Even before the virus, there was a limit to how much Mr Kim could do to shore up the economy without more access to foreign capital. One study after another has suggested that he would eventually face an economic crisis if he was unable to secure enough hard currency to sustain development. BLOOMBERG

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Virus outbreak shuts North Korea's best route around US sanctions - The Business Times

Snow and wind hits the north as Met Office warnings continue – Press and Journal

Schools were closed, ferries cancelled and roads across the north battered by snow and sleet yesterday.

The Met Office had a weather warning out for high winds and snowfall, which changes to a warning for snow and ice today.

A high wind speed of 89mph was recorded at the top of Cairngorm Mountain, while there were gusts of 56mph at sea level on the isle of Tiree.

The Met Office recorded 10cm of snow in Aviemore, while flurries closed the A93 between Braemar and the Spittal of Glenshee.

A spokesman warned the wintry showers would continue across the north today.

Shetland Coastguard was called in to assist police and close the Churchill Barriers on the narrow causeway connecting mainland Orkney with South Ronaldsay due to high seas.

The barriers closed at 11am and re-opened just an hour later, but St Margarets Hope and Burray in Orkney were affected by flooding.

Northlink Ferries cancelled all sailings on the Pentland Firth route and todays sailings are under review.

West coast ferry operator CalMac was also forced to cancel or disrupt most of its services.

A CalMac spokesman said: The tail end of Store Ciara continues to cause problems across the west coast ferry network, with all 28 routes impacted to a greater or lesser extent.

In total we have cancelled services completely on 10 routes and people travelling should ensure they keep up to date with the status of the sailing theyre planning on taking.

Moray Council kept Tomintoul Primary School closed for the day as snow prevented the school bus for reaching it.

Highland Council was forced to close 10 of its schools and six nurseries due to bad weather and some of the buildings being without power or heating.

The authority was also out treating roads throughout the area due to snow and sleet, which made for treacherous driving conditions.

Cromarty, Dornoch, Kessock and Skye Bridges were closed for periods throughout the day to high sided vehicles.

Aberdeen City Council was last night preparing for temperatures to drop.

A spokeswoman said: Sleet and ice conditions are expected overnight and road surface temperatures are expected to drop to -0.9C on most routes with some down to -1.9C during the early hours.

Were gritting primary routes this afternoon and again early morning, and city centre pavements before 7.30am too.

Rescue teams were called out after a small blue boat broke free from her mooring on the river of Thurso.

Scrabster and Melvich Coastguard volunteers joined Thurso lifeboat to investigate just before 10pm on Monday and found the vessel had drifted ashore.

The owner later recovered the boat.

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Snow and wind hits the north as Met Office warnings continue - Press and Journal

What’s Up This Weekend: GRPM space celebration, free fishing weekend, Paint the Park – WZZM13.com

GRAND RAPIDS, Mich.

Every Wednesday, we help you plan your weekend with Grand Rapids Kids this week you have the chance to celebrate space exploration, and the life of Grand Rapids astronaut, Roger B. Chaffee.

The space celebration comes after another astronaut from Grand Rapids returned, after breaking the record for the longest single spaceflight completed by a woman.

Roger That! is happening at the Grand Rapids Public Museum on Friday and Saturday. The event features a public celebration at the GRPM and an academic and public conference at Grand Valley State University. Learn about Chaffee and space exploration with hands-on fun, including a jet propulsion activity, looking through telescopes, creating underwater ROVs and interacting with space artifacts.

Also, you can fish for free, only two times a year in Michigan, and this weekend is one of them. On Saturday and Sunday all fishing license fees are waived, and a Recreation Passport is NOT required to get into state parks.

The West Michigan Golf Show is Friday through Sunday at DeVos Place. Tickets for adults are $10 online, and $12 at the door, kids 14 and under are free.

Paint the Park is on Saturday from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. in Rosa Parks Circle. As part of the World of Winter festival, you can paint the ice at the rink -- and enjoy a street party including food trucks, pictures with the Frozen princesses, and ice carving.

Finally celebrate African American history and culture at Taste of Soul Sunday at the Grand Rapids Public Library. The free event from 1 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. features live music, crafts and free food samples.

For more information about these events and many others, log onto GRKids.com and subscribe to the daily newsletter.

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What's Up This Weekend: GRPM space celebration, free fishing weekend, Paint the Park - WZZM13.com

No ‘Space’ for Earth in Newly Released Presidential Budget – State of the Planet

by Sophie Capshaw-Mack|February 12, 2020

Image: Sophie Capshaw-Mack

The White House recently released the presidents fiscal year 2020 budget proposal with plans to increase funding NASA by 12 percent, totaling $25.2 billion. According to NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine, President Trumps move makes for one of the strongest budgets in NASA history.

This stands in sharp contrast to the proposals diminutive allocation of $6.7 billion for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), representing a funding decrease of 26 percent. In his budget, Trump calls for the elimination of 50 so-called wasteful programs from the EPAs agenda, including efforts that clean up toxic Superfund sites. Not unexpectedly, the budget proposal includes absolutely no mention of climate changetwo words that were likewise never uttered in the presidents recent State of the Union Address.

If approved by Congress, the new funds for NASA will support the organizations ambitious Project Artemis, which plans to send the first woman and next man to the moon in 2024 in preparation for landing on Mars in the future. These missions could theoretically pave the way for human colonies on Mars, as multi-billionaires Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos famously aspire to establish with their respective space exploration companies, SpaceX and Blue Origin.

But what about the rest of us who dont have plans (or enough money) to live in a sci-fi-esque biosphere in space? And what about all of the nonhuman species here on Earth? One study has estimated that there are 1 to 6 billion species currently inhabiting our planet how will these beings fare in the midst of Earths sixth mass extinction, which is only just beginning? These questions are surely beyond Trump, a vehement climate change denialist who has famously weakened protections for species under the Endangered Species Act.

I am all for space travel. However, I believe that our nations goals in space ought to align with our goals here on Earth. Preserving and protecting our planet is vital for humanity as we face an unprecedented human-altered climate. While further exploration in space is both necessary and inevitable, we cannot abandon our only home in the meantime.

Sophie Capshaw-Mack is a graduate student in the MPA in Environmental Science and Policy program. This post is part of an independent study entitled, Art, Ethics, and Climate Change led by sustainability ethics lecturer Adela Gondek, in which Capshaw-Mack creates art and accompanying written pieces about the present environmental crisis we face.

If youre interested in learning more about the MPA-ESP program, please contact assistant director Stephanie Hoyt (sah2239@columbia.edu) with any questions or to schedule a campus visit. MPA-ESP is currentlyaccepting applicationsfor summer 2020 with an application deadline of February 15, 2020.

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No 'Space' for Earth in Newly Released Presidential Budget - State of the Planet

Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX) 2020 To Hold In June – Space in Africa

With a focus on deliberating recent developments and innovation as well as providing pragmatic solutions to concurrent challenges in space exploration, the Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX) 2020) presents an opportunity for thought leaders and stakeholders, including engineers, scientists, entrepreneurs, educators, agency representatives and policymakers, to meet on a common ground to discuss and learn about how space exploration investments provide benefits as well as how to increase these benefits through thoughtful planning and cooperation.

The conference, scheduled from 9 11 June 2020 in Palace, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation is jointly organisedby the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) and Russias state corporation for space activities, ROSCOSMOS. GLEX 2020 programmes outline includes an Opening Event; several Plenary Events and Keynote Lectures; a Technical Programme with Sessions in several parallel technical streams; a Global Networking Forum (GNF) Programme and an attractive social and networking programme including a Welcome Reception and a Gala Dinner.

Also, the conference will include an exhibition, located in the Catherine Hall of the Congress Venue (Tavricheskiy Palace). The exhibition presents an opportunity for companies and organisations to sample their product and services, and socialise with potential clients and stakeholders.

The event in Russia will be the first time the conference is holding in Europe, and its third consecutive time. Its inaugural conference held on 22-24 May 2012 in Washington DC, explored ideas, debated roadmaps, and discussed the future opportunities provided by human and robotic space exploration. The last conference was held in 2017 in Beijing, China.

New Report: The African space economy is now worth USD 7 billion and is projected to grow at a 7.3% compound annual growth rate to exceed USD 10 billion by 2024. Read the executive summary of the African Space Industry Report - 2019 Edition to learn more about the industry. You can order the report online.

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Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX) 2020 To Hold In June - Space in Africa

Global AI in Space Exploration Market, Trends, Analysis, Opportunities, Share and Forecast 2019-2027 – Galus Australis

Global AI in space exploration Market is valued approximately USD 2 billion in 2018 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 7.25% over the forecast period 2019-2026.

Machine learning and AI leave their imprints on various fields including construction, automation, image analytics, and space exploration along with many others. Many applications of AI in space are being researched on various domains which include relative positioning, communication, and many others. Various spacecraft and space vehicles including satellites that are operating in the space may generates large amount of data owing to the complexity of the research missions. AI in space exploration enables the data transmission over large distances with ease. Many organizations and government agencies are collaborating on machine learning solutions for the detection of new planets, space weather using magnetosphere and atmosphere measurement.

With rapid technological development and increasing investment in the R&D sector, space exploration is experiencing rapid technical development owing to the integration of AI and the space vehicles which are developed for space exploration. The factor leading to the growth of AI in space exploration is the development of AI-based robots that can perform highly complex tasks over a longer period without human inference and for enhancing mobility and manipulation benefits. AI offers high flexibility, accuracy and control owing to the development of 3D perception and proximity GNC in AI robots. Moreover, robotic arms in space exploration are witnessing high demand due to the high weightlifting and handling capabilities that are offered to astronauts.

The regional analysis of AI in the space exploration market is considered for the key regions such as Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America and the Rest of the World. North America is expected to dominate the market share of AI in space exploration market owing to the presence of space organizations such as NASA and CSA working effectively towards the development of AI in space exploration. Moreover, the U.S. and Canada are investing in the R&D sector and technological innovations to explore deep space. Whereas, Asia-Pacific is also anticipated to exhibit the highest growth rate / CAGR over the forecast period 2019-2026 owing to the factors due to various ongoing and upcoming space programs in developing countries such as India and China.

Major market player included in this report are:

Orbital ATKDARPANeuralaDescartes LabsKittyHawkIris AutomationFlyby NavPrecisionHawkPilot.aiMRX Global Holding Corp.Oceaneering InternationalMaxar TechnologiesNorthrop GrummanAstrobotic TechnologiesMotiv Space Systems

The objective of the study is to define market sizes of different segments & countries in recent years and to forecast the values to the coming eight years. The report is designed to incorporate both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the industry within each of the regions and countries involved in the study. Furthermore, the report also caters the detailed information about the crucial aspects such as driving factors & challenges which will define the future growth of the market. Additionally, the report shall also incorporate available opportunities in micro markets for stakeholders to invest along with the detailed analysis of competitive landscape and product offerings of key players. The detailed segments and sub-segment of the market are explained below:

By Product Type:

Robotic armsRoversSpace probesOthers

By Applications:

GovernmentCommercial

By Region:

North AmericaThe U.S.CanadaEuropeUKGermanyAsia PacificChinaIndiaJapanLatin AmericaBrazilMexicoRest of the World

Target Audience of the AI in space exploration Market in Market Study:

Key Consulting Companies & AdvisorsLarge, medium-sized, and small enterprisesVenture capitalistsValue-Added Resellers (VARs)Third-party knowledge providersInvestment bankersInvestors

To request a sample copy or view summary of this report, click the link belowhttps://digitsnmarkets.com/sample/5310-ai-in-space-exploration-market

About Digits N Markets:

Digits N Markets has a vast repository of latest market research reports on trending topics, niche company profiles, market size and other relevant data released by renowned publishers. We have access to the database related to niche markets and trending topics in various industries. We also update the data regularly to provide recent statistics to the client. Recent data and reports will be featured on our websites and clients will be able to access the same. Our clients will be able to benefit from qualitative & quantitative insights in the report which will support them in taking concrete business decisions.

Contact Us :Digits N Markets410 E Santa Clara Street, Unit #762San Jose, CA 95113Phone :+1 408-622-0123Email:sales@digitsnmarkets.comWebsite:-www.digitsnmarkets.com

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Global AI in Space Exploration Market, Trends, Analysis, Opportunities, Share and Forecast 2019-2027 - Galus Australis

Planetary Society Members Travel to Washington to Push for Investment in NASA – The Planetary Society

Annual Day of Action brings 115 space advocates from 28 states to Washington, D.C. on Monday, February 10, 2020

PRESS STATEMENT02/10/2020

CONTACT:Danielle GunnEmail: danielle.gunn@planetary.orgPhone: +1-626-793-5100

Washington, D.C. (February 10, 2020) The Planetary Society, the worlds largest independent space interest organization, is holding its annual Day of Action in Washington, D.C. today, the same day the White House releases its FY 2021 NASA budget request.

Society members from 28 states will meet with more than 150 congressional offices and encourage lawmakers to support space science and exploration programs at NASA. The members are private citizens who have traveled to the Capitol using their own resources.

Ive always wanted to find a way to help NASA, said Peter Kitch, a Society member and Day of Action participant from Los Angeles, California. Most of the people on Capitol Hill are expecting the professional lobbyists that are being paid to show up and to be pushing an agenda. Thats whats unique about this group. Were just fans of space.

Im humbled by the dedication of our members, said Casey Dreier, The Planetary Societys Chief Advocate and organizer of the Day of Action. They are taking time off of work or school to attend. Washington, D.C. is not cheap for travel or lodging. They are here because they truly believe in the value of the space program.

Thousands more Planetary Society members and supporters will join those in Washington, D.C. by contacting their government representatives from home. The Planetary Society encourages people around the world to pledge to join the Day of Action, with resources and online training at planetary.org/dayofaction.

This is a great time to be a space advocate, added Dreier. The next decade of human spaceflight is being debated right now. So is the future of robotic exploration at Mars and beyond. Critical investments are proposed for planetary defense. It is essential that the public participates in this discussion to ensure a bright future for space exploration.

I think everybody underestimates how much a single person can contribute, Kitch concluded.

Press Resources

Casey Dreier, Chief Advocate and Senior Space Policy Adviser, is available for interviews. Please arrange with Danielle Gunn, chief communications officer, at danielle.gunn@planetary.org

The Planetary Society

Help fund NASA and join us in Washington, D.C.! Planetary Society members Mari and Peter traveled with their fellow advocates last year and helped advance space science and exploration.

The Planetary Society has inspired millions of people to explore other worlds and seek other life. With the mission to empower the world's citizens to advance space science and exploration, its international membership makes the non-governmental Planetary Society the largest space interest group in the world. Carl Sagan, Bruce Murray and Louis Friedman founded The Planetary Society in 1980. Bill Nye, a longtime member of The Planetary Society's Board, serves as CEO.

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Planetary Society Members Travel to Washington to Push for Investment in NASA - The Planetary Society

The space where Jeff Bezos will spend his money after space exploration is clear – Somag News

Apart from Amazon, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos also owns a space research company called Blue Origin. Although Bezos says that the only way to evaluate its financial resources in the past period is space research, it is currently oriented towards different investments. Lets take a closer look at Jeff Bezos new target.

Approximately 1 week ago, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, who managed to add $ 13.5 billion to his fortune in just 15 minutes, is now the richest person in the world, according to Forbes. Bezos, who owns Blue Origin and Washington Post as well as Amazon, is a name that evaluates its financial resources quite interestingly.

Jeff Bezos, one of the billionaires who spent their money on extraordinary things, said Space travel is the only option in response to a question posed to him how he could use his assets in the past period. Bezos, who made a serious investment in Blue Origin in accordance with his response, seems to be turning to different investments these days.

The new goal of Jeff Bezos; Bel Air and Beverly Hills mansions:According to the New York Post, Bezos and his girlfriend Lauren Sanchez went on a manor hunt in the Bel Air and Beverly Hills areas of the USA. It was stated that a manor built on an area of 40,000 square meters is on the agenda and the price of this manor is determined as 225 million dollars.

Bezos, who bought 3 different properties in Manhattan after the Amazon could not agree to open a second center in New York, is thought to direct its investments to the real estate area. Of course, these developments do not mean that Bezos will cut Blue Origins budget because Bezos sees this company as a means of realizing his dreams.

Bezos, who bought two artworks in 2019: $ 52.5 million and the other $ 18.5 million, may want to create a collection in this area as well. The fact that Bezos wealth is growing day by day seems to trigger the desire to invest in different fields. We will be sharing with you by following the developments on the subject. Stay tuned to avoid missing.

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The space where Jeff Bezos will spend his money after space exploration is clear - Somag News

The Future of Space Food – Cool Hunting

MIT Media Labs Space Exploration Initiative focuses on all kinds of research and preparation for the day when humanity becomes a space-native civilization, as comfortable in the cosmos as we have been on Earth. The team (made up of 50+ graduate students, staff, scientists, designers, and engineers) works on countless aspects of space travel, but hones in on two central topics: boredom and food. These entities will be inextricably linked on a nine-month trip to Mars. Industrial designer Maggie Coblentz, who leads gastronomic research, tells Nicola Twilley for Wired, Humanitys off-world survival will depend on a diet that can nourish not only travelers bodies but their minds and souls. From changes in the human digestive system in space, to preparation, food packaging, size, weight, the dangers of weightlessness (like choking) and more, the team does remarkable work exploring optionswhich may include Pop Rocks and algae-based caviar. Read the full article at Wired.

Via wired.com

Posted on 11 February 202011 February 2020

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The Future of Space Food - Cool Hunting

Op-Ed | The Greatest Challenge for the Space Community Talent – SpaceNews

Today, every government, industry, infrastructure, military and community is connected to and relies on space.From high-speed data transfer via satellites, to the innovative technologies and scientific discoveries delivering real benefits on Earth, space is increasingly a crosscutting component in 21st century society. But do we have what we need to access the full potential of space? Not yet.

This is at the heart of my discussion with government and industry members of the space community during the State of Space 2020 address at the National Press Club on Feb. 11.

A ground truth is that the future of space is not just about the thrill of exploration, it is also the realization that space is a powerful economic force. The global space economy reached $414.75 billion in 2018, according to The Space Report. Its potential is much greater. Economic analysts from a variety of organizations forecast that the space economy will be worth $1 trillion within the next two decades. With more than 80 nations operating in space and 40 spaceports across five continents (and a dozen more spaceports in development), the future of space is even brighter than our current successes and breakthroughs.

Seizing this great potential, however, is not just about launching rockets, placing satellites in orbit, and aspiring to return to the Moon and to explore Mars. Realizing the trillion-dollar space economy hinges on something here on Earth: talent. To be blunt, there is not enough of it. The world needs a skilled, qualified, educated workforce that can lead the space community into the future and beyond our atmosphere. Without capable talent with critical knowledge bases, none of us, or the booming space economy are going anywhere.

For years, there has been a focus on the STEM crisis in America, but STEM is only part of a much larger workforceshortage, skill deficit and innovation gap. There is an opportunity for everyone to be a part of the space economy technical and non-technical so we need to seek out untapped demographics and adopt a culture of lifelong learning a continuum of training, upskilling and reskilling from career entry-to-exit. We need to empower entrepreneurs who can close the innovation gap by commercializing the thousands of space-technology patents laying idle that can improve life on Earth. To compound the challenge further, other nations (allies and adversaries) are also working fast to cultivate a vibrant workforce and to attract skilled talent from abroad to serve the exact same needs.

This presents a global priority for the future of space, and there are no easy answers. For all the innovative marvels of engineering and science that make space operations possible and better life on Earth in every industry, the space community must marshal the same spirit and commitment in building a broad and more diverse workforce if it is to fulfill the trillion-dollar prediction and pioneer new frontiers on Earth and beyond. This includes:

Bringing together young professionals and veterans in the space community to encourage collaboration and mentorship that transfers knowledge to the future space workforce.

Engendering access and a fascination with space subject matters among lifelong learners and ensuring we do so equitably, regardless of gender, geography, ethnicity or economic background.

Coordinating with academia, industry and government to forge the synergies that result when the talent pipeline is driven by educators toward the real-world needs of businesses and the public sector.

Oftentimes, news outlets and geopolitical figures look to frame the current space community in antiquated terms of East versus West. Such classifications are a vestige of the Cold War and do not reflect the real space community or the environment in which it operates today. This is not an us versus them competition. Rather, every country, corporation, and community is competing for the same talent that can take us to space and allow us to stay.

If we want the space economy to reach the potential that we envision for it, it will require a shared focus on improving education, a universal commitment to supporting innovation and an unwavering realization that by reaching into space, we elevate the quality of life for everyone on Earth while we reach for frontiers beyond it.

Thats a Space for all approach and a mission in which we should always aspire because when we do, no one will ever be left behind.

Thomas E. Zelibor is the CEO of the Space Foundation, a nonprofit serving the space community, and a retired Rear Admiral of the U.S. Navy.

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Op-Ed | The Greatest Challenge for the Space Community Talent - SpaceNews

Another Goldilocks World and the Space Telescope That Discovered It – The Planetary Society

The planet has the less than romantic name TOI 700 d, but its discovery has generated passion among those searching for another Earth, including Emily Gilbert. The graduate student is lead author of a paper about the new world. TESS, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, played a key role in its discovery. MIT planetary scientist and astrophysicist Sara Seager returns to tell us about this powerful tool and more. We also visit with the leader of NASA heliophysics research as she awaits launch of the Solar Orbiter. Look out! The rubber asteroids are back on Whats Up!

A Planetary Society r-r-r-r-rubber asteroid AND a Planetary Radio t-shirt from the Planetary Society store.

The Spitzer Space Telescope was named after astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer, Jr. What was his middle name?

The winner will be revealed next week.

Of the planets and current dwarf planets in our solar system, which has the shortest (solar) day?

Haumea is covered in crystalline ice,Like that from your fridge that is cooling and nice.It rotates in less than four hours or so,The shortest of all solar days that we know.It orbits the sun from a long ways away,And takes about six thirty four thousand days!

Matt Kaplan: [00:00:00] Another Goldilocks World and the powerful Space Camp that helped us discover it, this week on Planetary Radio.

Welcome. I'm Matt Kaplan at the Planetary Society with more of a human adventure across our solar system and beyond. We've got so much for you this week, planetary scientist and astrophysicist, Sara Seager, is back to tell us about TESS, the space telescope that is revealing new exoplanets. One of those worlds is in the fabled habitable zone of its Dwarf star. We'll learn about it from Emily Gilbert, the graduate student who served as lead author of one of three papers about TOI 700 d. We'll also hear about the beginning of a mission to learn more about our own star, and out there beyond it all, waits Bruce Betts with this week's what's up, including the return of the rare and [00:01:00] dangerous rubber asteroids. Sounds like a lot, but there's so much more going on in space exploration. Here are a few headlines from the most recent edition of the down Lake collected by Planetary Society, editorial director, Jason Davis.

Welcome home. NASA astronaut, Christina Koch is back on Terra Firma after 328 days in low earth orbit. She now holds the record among women for the longest single space flight, and she says she looks forward to someone else breaking that record. NASA's Mars 2020 Rover has been packed up and shipped off to the Kennedy Space Center. The launch window opens in July and runs into August. And the Russian Space Agency, Roscosmos reports that all 13 science instruments have been installed on the Lander that will carry the European Space Agencies, Rosalind Franklin Rover to the Martian surface. Same launch window as the NASA mission, of course. You'll find these [00:02:00] stories and more at planetary.org/down link, and soon you'll find much more including great space images, cool facts and announcements from the Planetary Society and it will all be delivered to your inbox. Stay tuned.

The sun is about to gain a new satellite. The Solar Orbiter Mission was launched from Cape Canaveral on the evening of, how appropriate, Sunday, February 9th. The joint ESA, NASA mission will eventually go into a more or less polar orbit around our star revealing those poles with cameras for the first time. Former Planetary Radio associate producer, MaryLiz Bender now with Cosmic Perspective was there to watch the Atlas five lift off. Here's a report she shared with us just two days before this launch.

MaryLiz Bender: I just got back from Kennedy Space Center after the Prelaunch NASA Science Briefing for the Solar Orbiter mission. There, I found a room of very excited scientists. Among them [00:03:00] was one of my favorite people to talk to, Nicky Fox. She is the director of the division of Heliophysics at NASA. Nicky has worked closely with a Solar Orbiter team and she was also the project scientist of the Parker Solar Probe Mission. We last talked just after the Parker Solar Probe launch in August of 2018, and now I am so glad to have had the chance to talk to her again just a couple of days before the launch of its sister mission, Solar Orbiter.

Nicky Fox: I was extremely excited the last time we talked cause I just watched the Delta IV Heavy lift off the pad and I was in a very exc- I think you actually introduced me as a very excited Nicky Fox, and I was indeed. Uh, I was over the sun with excitement with the Parker Solar Probe launch and equally as excited now to see Solar Orbiter go on Sunday.

MaryLiz Bender: You remember? That's amazing. That sparks my memory. You said, "I'm over the moon, I'm over the sun." [laughs].

Nicky Fox: That's true. I... and I was.

MaryLiz Bender: [laughs].

Nicky Fox: I describe myself as a launch junkie. Um, I... this is [00:04:00] the most exciting thing for me. Um, I think I got the bug, uh, very early. I worked on the, the Van Allen Probes and I, I was very blessed to work with the team very closely and, uh, see all that last minute preparation. Uh, obviously with Parker, I was down here for the last six weeks working with the team and so I know what they're going through, so even though I haven't had the opportunity to, to be in the clean room with Solar Orbiter, I know the excitement that this team is feeling. And so yes, uh, we cannot wait to see that, that rocket lift off the pad.

MaryLiz Bender: Yes. I say this all the time. So, I'm a launch junkie and I don't have any intimate connection really with this thing except to feel like humanity's doing this amazing thing together. Right? But I always say that watching a night launch is like watching a sun rise in the middle of the night.

Nicky Fox: I- it really is. And, and you know, you see the spectacle of it, then you, you hear, and then you feel the pressure, and there is, you know, that. Yes, it's wonderful. Um, daytime launch is a really nice... I don't wanna knock our daytime launches, but man, [00:05:00] the sight of that thing going at... uh, during the night is just amazing.

MaryLiz Bender: Can you tell me about your involvement with this particular mission? I know you answered a lot of questions today about Parker Solar Probe, really great data coming back from that right now, but what has been your role, um, in the Heliophysics Division for Solar Orbiter?

Nicky Fox: Well, so I started working with Solar Orbiter a number of years ago when I was still uh, the Parker Solar Probe project scientist, and I worked very, very closely with Daniel Mu- Mueller, um, and we, we really wanted to collaborate and we wanted to, to, to get these missions working together because they are so much better as a team. And so I've had a long involvement with the Solar Orbiter team, but since I moved down to NASA Headquarters, I'm sort of in charge of making sure that everything is perfect for launch on Sunday. And so I've worked extremely closely with our counterparts at ESA, uh, with, with our folks here at NASA's Launch Service Program with ULA, and just making sure everything is ready to go.

NASA has a couple of instruments that are, are flying on Solar Orbiter and... but it's, it's more than just those instruments. [00:06:00] It's really that, that team of 10 instruments working together, and so, uh, the team here, um, all of the different, the stakeholders, all of the partners just all pulling in the same direction for launch on Sunday.

MaryLiz Bender: I really loved the vibe of the excitement over the international collaboration on the science, especially, how do those decisions get made? Or how do you all talk to one another and say, "Hey, we've got something over here we think you'd like to work on?" Or, you know, how, how do people raise their hand to work with NASA and ESA?

Nicky Fox: It's pretty much like that. We work very, very closely with all of our partner agencies and we, you know, we, we meet together and we say, "Hey, there's this opportunity, would you like to take part in it?" Um, so there are lots of collaborations with Heliophysics, the sort of notable ones, the Ulysses and SOHO, uh, now of course, uh, Solar Orbiter adding to that legacy. And so, yeah, i- it really is just a, "Hey, there's an opportunity. Would you like to join us?" And we're always looking for ways to, to work together, uh, to really do things better. That's exactly how it happens for Heliophysics. [00:07:00] The thing I love about it is, honestly, wherever you go in the Solar System, we wanna go with you. We will take data from anywhere. We work really closely with our planetary colleagues, um, and now with our astrophysics colleagues as to, "Hey, what is the information we're learning about ASTA, how can we help you apply that to other stars?" And so, you know, I just love science.

MaryLiz Bender: Hmm.

Nicky Fox: Um, the sun has been... it's, you know, it guides us, it's there every day. We are sometimes argue about, which was the first branch of science. I always say it's Heliophysics because everybody looked up at the sun and stared at it and wondered what it was. And so we are now sending missions up close to really explain what's happening at our star.

MaryLiz Bender: It emits the source of life, right? I mean, so essentially you are studying almost every branch of science when you study the sun.

Nicky Fox: Absolutely. Yes. We put years and years into these missions. Daniel said he's working on this missions for 13 years. Parker Solar Probe, I'd worked on it for eight when it launched. You know, I mean there's... you've, you put a lot of work into it and it's not like we have another mission just sitting there that if something goes wrong [00:08:00] here we can launch it, this is our one shot at doing this. And so, yes, we're all nervous, but it's really just pure excitement. We can't wait to see Solar Orbiter join Parker Solar Probe, their sister, sister missions. We've always thought of them like that and we can't wait for them to get up there and start working together. But, as always, it's a great time to be a hyliophysicist.

Matt Kaplan: Cosmic Perspective's Mary Liz bender talking with NASA's Nicky Fox just two days before the beginning of the Solar Orbiter Mission.

The legacy of the Kepler Mission lives on. as of mid January, more than 4,000 exoplanets have been confirmed, and most of these were discovered by that space telescope. There are thousands more waiting for confirmation and now the list of worlds is growing, thanks to Kepler's daughter TESS. We'll focus in a few minutes on just one of these, a roughly earth sized planet known as TOI 700 d that orbits in its stars habitable zone. But first for [00:09:00] an overview of TESS and the current state of exoplanet research. I called on professor Sara Seager. She is an astrophysicist and planetary scientist at MIT where her team teases evidence of exoplanets from the data returned by TESS. Sara, welcome back to Planetary Radio. Uh, it's been a while since we've talked. In fact, well, we may mention those previous appearances because they'll be pretty relevant to today's discussion, but it's great to have you back on the show.

Sara Seager: Thanks, Matt. Great to be back.

Matt Kaplan: Let's talk about the transiting exoplanet survey satellite before we get onto other things. As I mentioned to you a moment ago, we have not talked about in depth on this show with... it's come up because it's done some great work, but we haven't brought it up in depth since the launch, which now was nearly two years ago. Has TESS been meeting everybody's expectations?

Sara Seager: Absolutely. Tess has, I would say even been exceeding expectations.

Matt Kaplan: That's great.

Sara Seager: Yeah. [laughs].

Matt Kaplan: I [00:10:00] see a... saw in looking at the website that it was going to cover the sky, what, 200,000 stars in two years, but, but we're not talking about it ending its mission in, in April, which would be the second year anniversary, are we?

Sara Seager: No, not at all. In fact, TESS has been extended. It has passed a review at NASA to get an extended mission, so it will be going for another two or three years, and honestly TESS could go on indefinitely. It's orbit is incredibly stable and it doesn't need much fuel. It really doesn't need much at all to keep going.

Matt Kaplan: Is that especially good news? Because, I mean it... the longer you stare at these stars and the planets that pass in front of them, the better off you are.

Sara Seager: That's right. It's better to stare at an object longer because the more transits we see, the more planets we can find. Right now, TESS is mostly finding planets that have periods, their year, the time it takes to go around their star is less than about a month, so it would be way better if we could stare at the same stars, you know, over and over again and find much longer [00:11:00] period planets. Also, if we can stare more often, we can bing the data down and we can look for smaller and smaller planets. Finally TESS's prime mission covers about 70% of the sky. During the extended mission, TESS has a chance to fill in the rest of the sky.

Matt Kaplan: That's great. Did we learn the basics of this through Kepler and the great work that that, uh, immediate ancestor of TESS did?

Sara Seager: We did. Kepler was so incredibly pioneering. It will be a legacy for all time. A lot of what we do on TESS builds directly on, on Kepler. The data reduction techniques we use, the data pipelines even, and all of our strategies and methods.

Matt Kaplan: So out of this 200,000 stars in this initial period of operation by TESS, how many roughly earth sized worlds in their habitable zones, uh, do... can we expect to find out of, out of this data?

Sara Seager: It's true TESS is looking at [00:12:00] 200,000 stars at two minute cadence in the prime mission, but did you know that TESS is also looking at millions more stars? Millions.

Matt Kaplan: No.

Sara Seager: It is.

Matt Kaplan: Wow.

Sara Seager: Because the team found a very clever way to be able to down link what we call full frame images. You know, it's so hard to send data back to earth, it's very huge bottleneck and so we can't send all the stars in the field of view, but we're able to in the data onboard, to stack the data and send 30 minute cadence down to the ground. And so in addition to studying those 200,000 special- specially chosen stars, we can also look at so many more stars.

Matt Kaplan: That's fantastic. All right, well the more you look at, the more of these, I hesitate to use the phrase, but I will, earth like planets we're going to find, right?

Sara Seager: You do hesitate for good reason because-

Matt Kaplan: [laughs].

Sara Seager: ... we really want to reserve Earth-like for the true earth twin, the earth size, earth mass planet orbiting a sunlight star in a one year period. TESS, it turns out is purposely designed to be very, [00:13:00] very sensitive to small planets orbiting very small stars. They're very different from our sun, M dwarf stars among the most common types of stars that we have.

Matt Kaplan: So MIT, one of many institutions, but the, the lead institution in many ways for dealing with, uh, TESS data, I mean, what's it like there? Is it. is it a busy place, is... a you and your colleagues search for these worlds?

Sara Seager: It's very busy, very busy and it's actually mostly young people getting, getting the hard work done. Here at MIT, we're responsible for finding the planet candidates that go out to the community so people can work on them. Here we actually brand objects, TESS objects of interest. So whenever you say TOI this, TOI that, it actually came from my team's work here. The computers do all the hard work, there's the official data pipeline out at NASA Ames that works on the 20,000 objects per month at two minute cadence, and here at MIT, we run our so-called quick look pipeline on hundreds of thousands of stars that come at 30 minute cadence [00:14:00] and the computers churn away and they present us with a long list of what they call threshold crossing events. And it's our job here using more computer programs to find out which ones are worthy of being designated a TESS object of interest. And at the very end of that process, it's gonna sound funny to you, but we actually have humans, we call it [inaudible 00:14:19].

Matt Kaplan: [laughs].

Sara Seager: Yeah. We have [inaudible 00:14:20], groups and we meet every few say from one to three o'clock and it's like a rotating group of trained experts, and we literally look through the data, and there's data products that come with it and we try to decide whether it's worth putting it out to the community and giving it an official TOI stamp so people can look at it further.

Matt Kaplan: That is so cool. I have to think that over the years that we have been finding exoplanets, you and other folks like your team there at MIT have gotten better and better at this?

Sara Seager: Definitely, you can say that finding planets by transits is actually a very mature method. It is standard operating procedure.

Matt Kaplan: Your [00:15:00] Seager equation, uh, a twist on the famous Drake equation, you, you really consider with this only these habitable zone and sized planets, right? I... and, and I, I noted that one of your factors in the equation... by the way, we'll put up a link to this somewhere online, maybe through your own website, one of the factors calls for stars that are quiet and, and that's gonna come up again when we talk to, um, Emily Gilbert in a minute but, but tell us why that was an important factor to include.

Sara Seager: At the moment, we are struggling to find planets around variable star... very highly variable stars. It turns out that stars, even our own sun because of its spots, vary with time. Uh, many of these [inaudible 00:15:45], stars, they're just so variable. It's like, "Wow, what happened?" And the star is not just constant with time. Every time TESS takes an image of it, it's brightness is slightly different and this is usually due to spot, spottedness of the star and its stars are rotating so [00:16:00] different spots are forming and are coming in and out of view. It's sort of a just a selection effect. It's a problem with nature that the noisy stars are hard for us to find planets around and they'll also be hard for us to study planets around later.

Matt Kaplan: So this isn't a reference to, uh, low activity by the star in terms of like solar flares, which you know I think is one of the things we, we will talk with Emily Gilbert about because that dwarf star around which TOI 700 d is revolving uh, is a, is a fairly quiet star, but, but that is another issue, right?

Sara Seager: Right. These spotted stars, we think, correlate with stars with flares-

Matt Kaplan: Mm-hmm [affirmative].

Sara Seager: ... so they're just generally active all around and these flares are something else. I mean, apparently Proxima Centauri, our very nearest star to our earth, to our solar system, which has a planet around it, apparently that flare, that if you were looking at it at the right time from a truly dark sky, you would have seen it brighten.

Matt Kaplan: Oh my, that's bad news. [laughs].

Sara Seager: I know. Right. [00:17:00] I don't know, we're really not sure. Maybe, maybe there's intelligent beings on planets orbiting stars that flare, and they're looking at our sun and their version of the Drake equation says, noisy star. Maybe they're thinking, "Now there's no way those folks can get energy. How do they recharge their power grid?" [laughs].

Matt Kaplan: [laughs].

Sara Seager: We really don't know.

Matt Kaplan: Yeah, we don't know what we don't know, in fact. With that in mind, you came on in 2017 because you were part of the announcement of the discovery of those worlds around the star known as TRAPPIS 1, three years later, are we much closer to, to finding a planet that has signs of possible life?

Sara Seager: Yes and no. That's the scientist answer always.

Matt Kaplan: Yeah.

Sara Seager: We're no closer in terms of having data in our hands. I don't have a spectrum that I can analyze and give you a yes or no on that. We're still closer because more methods have developed, more [00:18:00] candidate bio sinker gases have been thought of, and the James Webb is closer to launch, so we're definitely closer in that sense, but no, we can't... we don't have anything solid to report on at the moment.

Matt Kaplan: I'm glad you mentioned the James Webb. The JWST, James Webb Space Telescope, of course. The first time you came on the show, we met each other at Northrop Grumman right next to where that great infrared telescope was coming together, but that was more than five years ago. It sounds like you're still very much looking forward to this, uh, powerful new tools starting to do its work.

Sara Seager: Not just me, but our entire exoplanet community's waiting, literally waiting and excitedly expectantly wanting James Webb to be launched and be taking data. You would not believe how many people are in this field right now, even as compared to 2017.

Matt Kaplan: I know, sadly we've got this, this little, uh, interruption of at least some, uh, infrared data because I mean we were just talking about it [00:19:00] last week on this show, we've lost the Spitzer Space Telescope, that other infrared, uh, instrument that has been doing such great work out there in space. What does that mean for, for you and, and for the exoplanet community?

Sara Seager: Spitzer was a workhorse for exoplanets. I would wish we could look at the glass as half full in this case because Spitzer was supposed to stop operating, I wanna say five to 10 years ago. It's incredible how the scientists and engineers were able to keep Spitzer working and it's been so great, recently, mostly for validating exoplanets, by looking for them from space or by trying to characterize them by their secondary clips or by what we call their thermal phase curves. Uh, it's definitely sad to see Spitzer wrap up.

Matt Kaplan: Hmm. All right. Well, like we said, if everything goes well and NASA's still hoping that this happens next year or 2021, we'll have the JWST out there. Do you have some confidence that with this powerful new tool that you will start to get [00:20:00] those spectra from these planets that, that might tell you, "Hey, look, there's some oxygen or, or some other sign that could be an indication of life?"

Sara Seager: Well, yes and no, I know, yes and no. [laughs].

Matt Kaplan: [laughs]. Once again?

Sara Seager: I'll, I'll say that everyone, including myself, is working as hard as possible to make sure that, you know, in the limited lifetime of the James Webb Space Telescope, that we're able to get all the data we need. It's a bit tricky because we don't have any earth like planets that the James Webb can observe. It doesn't have the capability, nor do we have any that we will be able to work with and understand in detail. We're kind of going blind in a way because all these planets around M dwarf stars, they're very different from earth and we really, um, we're working hard to expect the unexpected and to plan for what might be out there. So we're trying to make sure that as a community we cover all the right planets, at the right wavelengths, and that we just have that great data to work with. So we're hopeful that we'll find it, but, you know, life has to be there.

Matt Kaplan: Yeah.

Sara Seager: We have to [00:21:00] keep the right planets. Life has to be generating gases that accumulate in the atmosphere.

Matt Kaplan: You know, the debate goes on as to what data telescopes may be able to return, spectra, that would actually say to us, "Yeah, this could be life," as opposed to some non biological process. Do you see progress in that area as well?

Sara Seager: Yes, there's been a lot of progress, somewhat to the negative in a way, because oxygen is our favorite bio signature gas, uh, here on earth. Our atmosphere is filled with oxygen to the 20% by volume. But without life, without plants and photosynthetic bacteria, we'd have no oxygen. And in the last few years since we've talked, people have been working hard to come up with false positive scenarios. What if you found oxygen and it wasn't related to life. So people are working on scenarios with corroborating gases in the atmosphere. And it's funny because someone comes up with a new scenario where oxygen could be a [00:22:00] false positive, and then a couple of years later, someone shoots that scenario down.

Matt Kaplan: [laughs].

Sara Seager: So we're making progress here. I think we'll be, I think we'll be ready.

Matt Kaplan: But it's good science, right? I mean, you want people to be shooting those down?

Sara Seager: We want people to be shooting those down, we want to know what we need, what information we need. It's tough, though. I liken it to a forensic crime scene. You're gonna have clue, you're gonna have evidence, but you've got to put the story together.

Matt Kaplan: Wow. Yeah, it is a detective story, isn't it? Before we go, as I said, we're gonna be talking to Emily Gilbert at the University of Chicago uh, in just a moment or two. And, of course, she is just a grad student and yet she was the lead author of one of these three papers that, that you are also a co-author of, uh, do you see this as, as something very positive that we're seeing, uh, grad students and sometimes even undergraduates, uh, popping up as people who are doing, making great contributions to, uh, our knowledge in planetary science?

Sara Seager: Yes, TESS is a wonderful dataset [00:23:00] and there's so many planets, so many stars. It's just fantastic to see so many young people like Emily Gilbert really jumping on the data, and it's great to see them be able to find and work on such amazing new planets.

Matt Kaplan: Sara, I, I sure look forward to that, uh, launch and Firstlight from, uh, the James Webb Space Telescope and I don't think I will wanna wait longer than that to, uh, have another conversation with you. Maybe it'll happen before that, but uh, can I get you back on the show when, uh, when that big thing unfolds, fingers crossed, out there in space?

Sara Seager: Absolutely.

Matt Kaplan: Thank you, Sara. Great to talk to you.

Sara Seager: Thanks, Matt.

Matt Kaplan: That's Sara Seager, professor of planetary science and physics at MIT and a MacArthur fellow among her other honors. She is, uh, waiting for more data which is arriving, but uh, we'll see far more of it when the James Webb Space Telescope begins to do its work.

We're far from finished with this week show. Just pausing for a minute to remind you that there's much more [00:24:00] out there across the expanse for us to discover, which is a not too subtle way to tell you that we are once again brought to you by Amazon Prime Videos, the Expanse, Season Four. I just had a listener asked me if she should start by reading the books or just diving to the TV series. I love the books and highly recommend them, but the show is so very good and so true to the books where it matters that I'm just fine with anyone who wants to start with Amazon Prime Video and I remain indebted to Jeff Bezos for rescuing the show when it was dropped by sci-fi.

To review, season four finds the crew of the Rocinante exploring worlds beyond the wormhole like Ring Gate. Actually one world in particular that offers riches to any settlers from earth, Mars, or the belt who can reach it and survive. That survival is made far less likely by the magnificent ruins of a long dead alien civilization. Great [00:25:00] characters, spectacular action and vistas and human nature at its best and worst. That's the Expanse with episodes streaming now on Amazon Prime Video.

We've learned about TESS and related efforts from Sara Seager, let's go now to the University of Chicago to learn about just one newly discovered world. Three papers about it were published just a month ago and the first of these featured our next guest as its lead author. Emily Gilbert is a graduate student working toward her PhD. Emily, thanks very much for joining us on Planetary Radio and congratulations on the publication of this paper about this uh, new world, which, who knows, may not be so different from our own. Uh, again, thanks for joining us.

Emily Gilbert: Thanks so much, I'm so excited to be chatting with you.

Matt Kaplan: Tell us a little bit about TOI 700 d. I, I hope that someday it'll get a, a, a more romantic name than that, but I guess that'll, that'll do for now. [00:26:00] We just last week in our tribute to the Spitzer Space Telescope, we were talking about the TRAPPIST 1 worlds, now this one, your paper and the two others about it only just uh, were published at the beginning of January, toward the beginning of January. There still aren't that many of these worlds that are in the so called habitable or our Goldilocks zones, are there?

Emily Gilbert: No, I think we have somewhere around a dozen planets that are roughly earth sized and in the habitable zone.

Matt Kaplan: I guess this would be the latest edition?

Read the rest here:

Another Goldilocks World and the Space Telescope That Discovered It - The Planetary Society

Starting February 15 – The Montral Science Centre Invites You to Journey to Space – Canada NewsWire

MONTRAL, Feb. 11, 2020 /CNW Telbec/ -Starting February 15, visitors to the Montral Science Centre will be able to experience the life of an astronaut, thanks to our latest major exhibition: Journey to Space.

In a galaxy near youSpace is a dangerous place. To survive there, humans must face daunting challenges. This inescapable premise will confront visitors at the start of their epic journey. Divided into five interactive zones, Journey to Spacewill enable visitors to grasp the panoply of obstacles that astronauts living in space must overcome in order to perform actions that seem simple on terra firma: eating, sleeping, and even going to the toilet. In addition to controlling a robotic arm, aspiring astronauts will be able to enter a life-size reproduction of the International Space Station's Destiny laboratory and experience the disorientation of weightlessness while keeping their feet on Earth.

The future of space exploration While the whole world was celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Moon landing in 2019, many began to dream about Mars. The red planet is fascinating and recent technological advances have allowed us to foresee a new phase in space exploration. Thanks to the work of engineers, artists and futurologists, Journey to Spacelets visitors imagine the future of space exploration.

The Science Centre has added several elements to the exhibition to highlight Canada's contribution to space exploration. To be visited in conjunction with Water in the Universe, our zone containing a touchable lunar rock on loan from NASA.

A Journey to Spaceis produced by the Science Museum of Minnesota and the California Science Center with support from NASA.

To find out more about the exhibition, see our websiteFor photos, see our electronic press room

About the Montral Science Centre

The Montral Science Centre is a complex dedicated to science and technology, with more than 700,000 visitors annually. It is characterized by its accessible, interactive approach and its showcasing of local innovation and know-how. Its partners are TELUS, Volvo, nergir, Cogeco and La Presse +.

SOURCE Montreal Science Centre

For further information: Jean-Philippe Rochette, Public Relations Manager, Phone: 514.283.7160, [emailprotected]

https://www.centredessciencesdemontreal.com/

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Starting February 15 - The Montral Science Centre Invites You to Journey to Space - Canada NewsWire

AbbVie Forecasts Higher 2020 Profit on New Psoriasis and Arthritis Therapies – Equities.com

Image: Joshua Coppola, scientist, engineering, lab automation, works alongside his robotic lab partner, Venus. Source: AbbVie.

By Manas Mishra

(Reuters) - AbbVie Inc on Friday forecast 2020 earnings above Wall Street estimates as the drugmaker expects growth to be powered by its new treatments for psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis at a time when sales of its blockbuster drug Humira slow.

Shares of Illinois-based AbbVie are up 4.7% to $91.30 in late morning trading.

The drugmaker expects the two treatments, Skyrizi and Rinvoq, to bring in a combined revenue of about $1.70 billion in 2020.

The profit forecast excludes any impact from its $63 billion deal for Botox-maker Allergan Plc, which it expects to close in the first quarter.

The launches of Skyrizi and Rinvoq are going extremely well, Chief Executive Officer Richard Gonzalez said in a statement.

In the fourth quarter, Skyrizi brought in sales of $216 million, topping estimates of $142 million, according to five analysts polled by Refinitiv. Rinvoq, which was approved in August, brought in sales of $33 million.

AbbVie is betting on new treatments and the addition of Botox to its portfolio as it braces for a revenue hit when it loses patent protection for Humira, the worlds best-selling medicine, in its biggest market, the United States, in 2023.

While AbbVie is seeking to shine light on its early stage pipeline, we anticipate the performance of the stock will be heavily tied to ongoing Skyrizi and Rinvoq rollouts, said Citi analyst Andrew Baum.

He expects investors to focus on the delivery of promised savings from the Allergan deal.

Humira has been boosting the companys revenue ever since it was approved to treat psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the drugs sales have suffered since new competition entered Europe.

Quarterly sales of the blockbuster drug were largely unchanged compared with a year earlier at $4.92 billion. But it beat expectations of $4.85 billion.

The company forecast 2020 adjusted earnings of between $9.61 and $9.71 per share, ahead of the average analysts estimate of $9.48.

AbbVie reported net profit of $2.80 billion, or $1.88 per share, in the quarter ended Dec. 31, compared with a loss of $1.83 billion, or $1.23 per share, a year earlier when it recorded $4.12 billion in impairment charges.

Excluding items, the drugmaker earned $2.21 per share in the fourth quarter and beat expectations of $2.19.

Net revenue rose 4.8% to $8.70 billion, marginally higher than average analysts estimate of $8.69 billion.

Reporting by Manas Mishra and Tamara Mathias in Bengaluru; Editing by Arun Koyyur.

_____

Source: Reuters

DISCLOSURE:The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors, and do not represent the views of equities.com. Readers should not consider statements made by the author as formal recommendations and should consult their financial advisor before making any investment decisions. To read our full disclosure, please go to: http://www.equities.com/disclaimer. The author of this article, or a firm that employs the author, is a holder of the following securities mentioned in this article : None

Excerpt from:

AbbVie Forecasts Higher 2020 Profit on New Psoriasis and Arthritis Therapies - Equities.com

Addition of Apremilast to Biologic Therapy Is Successful for Treating Psoriasis in Biologic Fatigue – Dermatology Advisor

The combination of apremilast with biologics is safe and associated with reductions in the mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score in patients with psoriasis who have recently shown biologic fatigue, according to study results published in the Journal of Dermatology.

The study was a retrospective analysis of efficacy and safety results of a combination psoriasis treatment regimen consisting of apremilast and biologics (n=14). Patients included in the analysis were initially treated with 1 biologic, but after the efficacy of the biologic(s) declined, apremilast was added to the existing treatment program. Biologics included infliximab, adalimumab, secukinumab, ixekizumab, and ustekinumab.

Changes in the PASI score, as well as achievement of 75% and 50% reductions in PASI Score (PASI-75 and PASI-50, respectively), were assessed at weeks 0, 12, and 24 after the apremilast addition.

A total of 11 patients achieved a 90% improvement in PASI score after biologic therapy, with the lowest PASI scores ranging from 0 to 3.8 (mean, 1.30.3). Prior to biologic treatment, PASI scores in the overall cohort ranged from 5.9 to 39.0 (mean, 19.52.7). The mean PASI score before the addition of apremilast to biologic therapy was 3.20.4. The addition of apremilast to the existing biologic treatment protocol decreased the mean PASI score to 1.60.3 at 24-week follow-up. Approximately 50% of patients had achieved PASI-50, whereas only 29% achieved PASI-75 at 24 weeks.

There were 4 patients who developed diarrhea during the 24 weeks and 1 patient reported both diarrhea and nausea. In 2 patients, weight loss >5% of body weight occurred. Adverse events were not severe enough to cause any patient to discontinue the combination treatment.

Study limitations were the small number of patients, the inclusion of only patients with biologic fatigue, and its retrospective nature.

Based on their findings, the investigators concluded that apremilast could be safely combined with a biologic in psoriatic patients who are not responding adequately to a biologic alone.

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Reference

Takamura S, Sugai S, Taguchi R, Teraki Y. Combination therapy of apremilast and biologics in patients with psoriasis showing biologic fatigue [published online December 22, 2019]. J Dermatol. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.15193

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Addition of Apremilast to Biologic Therapy Is Successful for Treating Psoriasis in Biologic Fatigue - Dermatology Advisor

How to Apply Makeup to Skin With Psoriasis Expert Tips – Allure

As common as psoriasis may be, the autoimmune condition, which typically presents as rash-like scales on the skin, poses a unique challenge for those who wear makeup. Many people with the flaky, often red patches psoriasis causes want to conceal the condition's most visible symptom, but those plaques are also especially difficult to conceal. Where daily makeup application may be an afterthought for those who don't have psoriasis, those who do may not know how to apply foundation and concealer without emphasizing the roughness of their patches or further upsetting their skin.

"Applying makeup to psoriasis is challenging because plaque psoriasis has scales that can be uncomfortable and easily irritated," says makeup artist Dana Rae Ashburn. "You don't want to make the area look worse by piling on product. And you also don't want to make the affected area appear even more dry."

We spoke to Ashburn and other experts to determine the safest and most effective approach to applying makeup when you have psoriasis so you can feel confident, even during flare-ups.

How should psoriatic skin be prepped for makeup?

Complexion makeup can get caked up if applied over dry, scaly, thick psoriatic skin, according to New Jersey dermatologist Shari Sperling, which is why she emphasizes the importance of preparing skin for makeup. "You should moisturize and use products that help to soften the skin prior to applying makeup," she tells Allure.

Makeup artist Meredith Baraf couldn't agree more, urging head-to-toe moisturizer application. "Make sure to give extra love to any areas ofpsoriasis. You are moisturizing to soothe, soften, and hydrate your skin," she tells Allure. "By doing this you are also prepping your skin for seamless coverage of any areas ofpsoriasis."

Ashburn's favorite pre-makeup moisturizer for psoriatic skin is the Allure Best of Beauty and Readers' Choice Award winner CeraVe Moisturizing Cream, which can be used on both body and face. She also recommends following that with a hydrating primer such as 100% Pure's Luminous Primer.

What kind of makeup ingredients should you avoid?

As important as moisturizing ingredients are to the look and feel of skin with psoriasis, it's also important to avoid other types of ingredients and some are quite common.

"People with psoriasis should avoid ingredients like fragrances and dyes, as they are known to irritate your skin," Sperling tells Allure. "Also, alcohol in products can dry your skin out."

How should I apply foundation to psoriatic skin?

As tempting as it may feel to pile on heavy, full-coverage foundation, both Ashburn who often refrains from covering her own psoriasis with makeup and Baraf say it's best to keep it simple. "In my opinion, the fewer the products and steps, the better," she says. "You don't want to irritate or aggravate the area in the process of covering."

The two makeup artists also agree that when it comes to foundation buildable is best. "Look for a foundation that has sheer to buildable coverage not mattifying, but has a good amount of pigment," Ashburn suggests. Her favorite is lightweight Ilia True Skin Serum Foundation. Baraf likes Dior Diorskin Forever Undercover Foundation.

No matter what foundation you choose, the way you apply it really matters. "Remember that the tools you use to apply your foundation play a huge role in the payoff of the product you are applying," Baraf tells Allure, explaining that her approach to coveringpsoriasison the face is to apply foundation as she would to non-psoriatic skin.

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How to Apply Makeup to Skin With Psoriasis Expert Tips - Allure

Psoriasis: Types, Pictures, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments & Diet

Alwan, W., and F.O. Nestle. "Pathogenesis and Treatment of Psoriasis: Exploiting Pathophysiological Pathways for Precision Medicine." Clin Exp Rheumatol 33 (Suppl. 93): S2-S6.

Arndt, Kenneth A., eds., et al. "Topical Therapies for Psoriasis." Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 35.2S Mar. 2016: S35-S46.

Benhadou, Fairda, Dillon Mintoff, and Vronique del Marmol. "Psoriasis: Keratinocytes or Immune Cells -- Which Is the Trigger?" Dermatology Dec. 19, 2018.

Conrad, Curdin, Michel Gilliet. "Psoriasis: From Pathogenesis to Targeted Therapies." Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Jan. 18, 2015.

Dowlatshahi, E.A., E.A.M van der Voort, L.R. Arends, and T. Nijsten. "Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." British Journal of Dermatology 169.2 Aug. 2013: 266-282.

Georgescu, Simona-Roxana, et al. "Advances in Understanding the Immunological Pathways in Psoriasis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20.739 Feb. 10, 2019: 2-17.

Greb, Jacqueline E., et al. "Psoriasis." Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2 (2016): 1-17.

Kaushik, Shivani B., and Mark G. Lebwohl. "Review of Safety and Efficacy of Approved Systemic Psoriasis Therapies." International Journal of Dermatology 2018.

National Psoriasis Foundation. "Systemic Treatments: Biologics and Oral Treatments." 1-25.

Ogawa, Eisaku, Yuki Sato, Akane Minagawa, and Ryuhei Okuyama. "Pathogenesis of Psoriasis and Development of Treatment." The Journal of Dermatology 2017: 1-9.

Stiff, Katherine M., Katelyn R. Glines, Caroline L. Porter, Abigail Cline & StevenR. Feldman. "Current pharmacological treatment guidelines for psoriasis and psoriaticarthritis." Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology (2018).

Villaseor-Park, Jennifer, David Wheeler, and Lisa Grandinetti. "Psoriasis: Evolving Treatment for a Complex Disease." Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 79.6 June 2012: 413-423.

Woo, Yu Ri, Dae Ho Cho, and Hyun Jeong Park. "Molecular Mechanisms and Management of a Cutaneous Inflammatory Disorder: Psoriasis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18 Dec. 11, 2017: 1-26.

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Psoriasis: Types, Pictures, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments & Diet

Psoriasis Drugs Market Size Is Projected to Reach USD 13.1 Billion at a CAGR of 7.3% By 2025 – MENAFN.COM

(MENAFN - GetNews) Psoriasis Drugs Market Analysis By Key Players, Trends, Insights, Dynamics, Future Outlook, Applications and Segmentation, Forecast to 2025

Psoriasis Drugs Market Size, Growth and Share Analysis By Drug Class [Tumour Necrosis Factor Inhibitors (Adalimumab, Infliximab and Etanercept), Interleukin-Inhibitors (Ustekinumab, Secukinumab, Ixekizumab and Brodalumab), Vitamin D Analogues (Calcitriol, Calcipotriol and Tacalcitol)], Treatment Type {Topicals [Over-the-counter (OTC) Topicals, Topical Non-Steroids and Topical Steroids], Systemic (Retinoid, Cyclosporine and Methotrexate), Biologics [Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-) Inhibitors, InterleU.K.in 12 and 23 (IL-12/23) Inhibitors, Interleukin 17 (IL-17) Inhibitor, T cell Inhibitor]}, Region (Americas, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Middle East & Africa) - Forecast till 2025

Psoriasis Drugs Market Analysis

The Psoriasis Drugs Market is predicted to touch USD 13.1 billion at a 7.3% CAGR between 2019-2025, states the latest Market Research Future (MRFR) report. Psoriasis, simply put, is an autoimmune condition that causes rapid development of cells on the skin. The overgrowth can result in scaly, thick plaques that may itch and cause discomfort. Scales generally develop on joints, especially the knees and elbows, but it may appear in any part of the body including the face, scalp, neck, feet, and hands.

Various factors are propelling the global Psoriasis Drugs Market growth. Such factors, according to the latest Market Research Future report, include vulnerability towards psoriatic arthritis, favorable reimbursement policies, growing awareness about psoriasis, increasing availability of biosimilars and biologics, aging population and changing lifestyle. Additional factors propelling the growth of the Psoriasis Drugs Market include rising prevalence of autoimmune diseases, increasing incidence of psoriasis, increasing R & D activities for psoriasis treatment, and technological advancements.

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On the contrary, lack of knowledge regarding the exact cause of psoriasis and its etiology, the high price of medications with their low efficacy and efficiency, side effects associated with symptomatic treatments, and lack of permanent and effective treatment are factors that may hamper the Psoriasis Drugs Market growth during the forecast period.

Psoriasis Drugs Market Segmentation

The Market Research Future report offers a complete segmental analysis of the Psoriasis Drugs Market based on treatment type and drug class.

By drug class, thePsoriasis treatment Marketis segmented into vitamin D analogues, InterleU.K.in-inhibitors, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. The tumor necrosis factor inhibitors segment is again segmented into etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab. The InterleU.K.in-inhibitors segment is again segmented into brodalumab, ixekizumab, SecU.K.inumab, and ustekinumab. The vitamin D analogues segment is again segmented into tacalcitol, calcipotriol, and calcitriol.

By treatment, the Psoriasis Drugs Market is segmented into biologics, systematic, and topicals. The topicals segment is again segmented into topical steroids, topical non-steroids, and over the counter topicals. The systematic segment is again segmented into methotrexate, cyclosporine, and retinoid. The biologics segment is again segmented into T cell inhibitor, InterleU.K.in 17 (IL-17) inhibitor, InterleU.K.in 12 and 23 (IL-12/23) inhibitors, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) inhibitors.

Psoriasis Drugs Market Regional Analysis

By region, the Psoriasis Drugs Market report covers the latest trends and growth opportunities across the Americas, Europe, the Asia Pacific, the Middle East and Africa, and Latin America. Of these, North America will spearhead the market during the forecast period. Various factors are propelling the growth of the Psoriasis Drugs Market in the region, such as the growing awareness about psoriasis treatment, rising prevalence of psoriasis, presence of key manufacturers, and increasing health infrastructure.

The Psoriasis Drugs Market in Europe will have the second-largest share during the forecast period. Various factors are propelling the growth of the Psoriasis Drugs Market in the region such as growing awareness about psoriasis, the launch of biosimilars (amzevita, elerzi), and increasing prevalence of psoriasis.

The Psoriasis Drugs Market in the APAC region will grow at the fastest pace during the forecast period. Various factors are propelling the growth of the Psoriasis Drugs Market in the region such as growing geriatric population, large patient pool, improving medical facilities and healthcare infrastructure, increasing participation of key market players, increasing investments to develop new therapeutics to treat psoriasis, and increasing awareness.

The Psoriasis Drugs Market in the MEA will have a small share during the forecast period for the low economic development in Africa.

The Psoriasis Drugs Market in Latin America will have a favorable growth during the forecast period owing to the focus of manufacturers to create novel therapeutics and rise in the psoriasis patient pool.

Psoriasis Drugs Market Key Players

Notable players profiled in the Psoriasis Drugs Market report include Eli Lilly and Company (US), Amgen (US), AbbVie (US), Merck and Co. Inc (US), Pfizer Inc (US), Johnson & Johnson (US), Celgene Corporation (US), AstraZeneca (UK), UCB (Belgium), and Novartis International AG (Switzerland).

Psoriasis Drugs Industry News

Daavlin, a renowned US-based phototherapy units' manufacturer that utilizes therapeutic UV light to effectively and safely treat patients with eczema, vitiligo, and psoriasis have joined hands with HealthLens to give patients better access to receive a dermatology consultation as well as treatment right from their home. The patient just needs to book a consultation online, followed by uploading some pictures of the skin condition and brief health history, after which the information will get electronically encrypted and sent securely to the physician who will respond within 1-2 days.

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Psoriasis Drugs Market Size Is Projected to Reach USD 13.1 Billion at a CAGR of 7.3% By 2025 - MENAFN.COM

Effects of Obesity on Skin – Endocrinology Advisor

Excess body weight places a great strain on nearly all domains of the bodys functions. As the trend of obesity remains unchecked, clinicians will continue to see issues associated with obesity often the result of superficial physiologic reactions to the presence of excess fatty tissue as well as underlying pathophysiologic changes associated with increased adipose fat.1-3

Obesity has many cutaneous manifestations, including striae, intertrigo, plantar hyperkeratosis, lymphedema, acanthosis nigricans, and a greater risk for skin infections and melanoma.1,3 It also contributes to inflammatory dermatologic conditions such as psoriasis and poor wound healing.1

General skin features of people with obesity (defined as a body mass index [BMI] of 30 or higher) are often altered1,3 due to multiple obesity-related factors. A 2017 study3 of American women found that skin barrier and moisturizing functions were significantly impaired by obesity, resulting in considerable dryness and roughness, compared with nonobese women. Skin coloration changes such as facial redness believed to be due to dilation of the local blood vessels in response to inflammation were noted, as was reduced yellow coloration. Conversely, scaliness and roughness were products of systemic inflammation combined with insulin resistance, demonstrated by altered levels of interleukin (IL)-6, leptin, adipokines, and insulin.

Other localized skin manifestations linked to obesity include the following:

The chronic inflammatory skin condition hidradenitis suppurativa is often aggravated by the number and depth of skin folds, which increase with greater weight gain.2,5 This condition generally occurs in the armpit and groin and in skin folds, areas on the body given to friction (skin-to-skin and skin-to-clothing contact) as an individual moves. Hidradenitis suppurativa often begins with follicular plugging, which triggers inflammation and abscess formation.5 Further development into sinus tracts often promotes secondary infection of the area.

Patients with obesity are at higher risk for skin infections such as folliculitis, candidiasis, furunculosis, erythrasma, and tinea cruris as a result of obesity and comorbid conditions such as diabetes and impaired circulation.1,2 These infections most often occur in and around skin folds of the lower genital region and around the breasts, where increased moisture, body heat, and sweating contribute to the colonization of yeast and other bacteria.1,2

Other, more serious conditions may also develop, including the following:

Obesity is associated with a worsened prognosis of psoriasis and is considered an independent risk factor for the development of this chronic inflammatory skin disorder through the production of macrophages from adipose fat.1,6,7 Because visceral adipose fat is increased with obesity, the production of proinflammatory cytokines (including tumor necrosis factor-, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-18, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and adipokines (such as chemerin, visfatin, leptin, and adiponectin) also increases, stimulating autonomic inflammatory responses.6,7 Reduction of body weight has shown a direct correlation to reduced severity of psoriasis symptoms.1,6,7 Obesity also interferes with the pharmacodynamics of drugs used to treat psoriasis and can increase the risks for adverse events.7

All specialists will continue to see a rise in obesity-related complications, and dermatologists will be called on to treat a wide-ranging conditions related to weight issues. Many of the autonomic characteristics of skin are altered and, in some cases, impaired by obesity. Weight management may soon come under the dermatologists purview as a component of intervention for cutaneous manifestations of obesity, in addition to other treatments.1,2

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References

1. Shipman AR, Millington GWM. Obesity and the skin.Br J Dermatol. 2011;165:743-750.

2. Scheinfeld NS. Obesity and dermatology. Clin Dermatol. 2004;22:303-309.

3. Mori S, Shiraishi A, Epplen K, et al. Characterization of skin function associated with obesity and specific correlation to local/systemic parameters in American women. Lipids Health Dis. 2017;16(1):214.

4. Hahler B. An overview of dermatological conditions commonly associated with the obese patient. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2006;52(6):34-47.

5. Lee EY, Alhusayen R, Lansang P, et al. What is hidradenitis suppurativa? Can Fam Physician. 2017;63:114-120.

6. Chiricozzi A, Raimondo A, Lembo S, et al. Crosstalk between skin inflammation and adipose tissue-derived products: pathogenic evidence linking psoriasis to increased adiposity [abstract].Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2016;12:1299-1308.

7. Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Placek W. Compounds of psoriasis with obesity and overweight [abstract].Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2017;71:761-772.

This article originally appeared on Dermatology Advisor

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Effects of Obesity on Skin - Endocrinology Advisor

Biologic-Treated Patients With Psoriasis Have Higher Risk for HBV and HCV Reactivations – Dermatology Advisor

Patients with psoriasis who are treated with biologics have a higher risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) reactivations, especially if they are young, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositive, hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) seropositive, and receiving tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- inhibitor therapy, study data published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology suggest.

University researchers from Taiwan reviewed the medical records of patients with psoriasis who had been treated with TNF- inhibitors, interleukin (IL)-12/23 inhibitors, or IL-17 inhibitors. The investigators used baseline serology to categorize 561 patients with HBV infection into chronic HBV infection, resolved HBV infection, and occult HV infection categories. In addition, a total of 112 patients with HCV infection were included.

Overall, the cohort included 2060 patients with psoriasis treated with biologics between 2009 and 2018. A total of 3562 treatment episodes in the cohort were recorded. At baseline, every 3 months during a treatment episode, and at the end of treatment or follow-up, researchers measured HBV DNA/HCV RNA levels and serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels. Reactivations of HBV and HCV viral loads were assessed to examine variables associated with reactivation and biologic-treated psoriasis.

A total of 14 treatment episodes for HCV involved reactivation of the virus during 1522 person-months follow-up (incidence, 110.4/1000 person-years). Univariate and multivariate analyses did not find significant predictors for HCV reactivation. Conversely, reactivation of HBV was observed in 72 treatment episodes for chronic HBV during 3012 person-months follow-up, compared with 3 treatment episodes for occult HBV and 13 for resolved HBV.

Independent risk factors of HBV reactivation in the multivariable model included an absence of antiviral drug prophylaxis, HBsAg positivity, HBeAg positivity, and young age. In HBsAg-positive patients without antiviral prophylaxis, HBeAg positivity was an independent risk factor for HBV reactivation in the adjusted analysis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 3.35; 95% CI, 1.30-8.67; P =.0126). Reactivation of HBV was more common in patients treated with TNF inhibitors vs IL-17 inhibitors (aHR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.08-6.58; P =.033).

Limitations of the study include its observational design and lack of a comparison group, which the researchers suggest could have consisted of patients with psoriasis but without HCV or HBV infections and who were not treated with biologics.

Although the risk for HCV reactivation seems low in patients with chronic yet stable HCV, the researchers suggest that monitoring of the HCV viral load is still recommended for psoriasis patients with chronic active HCV disease.

Disclosure: Several study authors declared affiliations with the pharmaceutical industry. Please see the original reference for a full list of authors disclosures.

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Reference

Chiu HY, Chiu YM, Chang Liao NF, et al. Predictors of hepatitis B and C virus reactivation in patients with psoriasis treated with biological agent: a nine-year multicenter cohort study [published online December 7, 2019]. J Am Acad Dermatol. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.12.001

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Biologic-Treated Patients With Psoriasis Have Higher Risk for HBV and HCV Reactivations - Dermatology Advisor