Workstream, A Staffing Automation Startup, Helps Small Businesses Hire Hourly Workers – Forbes

In our era of on-demand work, whether its ride-sharing to food delivery, low unemployment makes hiring even more onerous for employers across the board. For those in the restaurant business, hiring becomes more difficult as staffing demands are more variable and less predictable than other professions. Desmond Lim, 33, Max Wang, 31, and Lei Xu, 29, knows this first hand as a former restaurant owner, and created Workstream in 2017 as a solution. Workstream is a staffing startup focused on automating hiring and onboarding for businesses employing hourly workers. The San Francisco-based startup has completed a seed fundraising round, raising from Basis Set Ventures and Heartland Ventures.

A significant pain point is the ability of companies to recruit and retain employees effectively. The turnover rate for hourly workers is often orders of magnitude higher than the yearly turnover rate for office workers. For example, the restaurant industry has anastronomical rate of turnoverwith an average churn of around 73%, (1.5x the industry averageof 46% for all private-sector workers and multiples higher than the annual 10-20% tech worker turnover).

To help solve this issue, Workstream has developed platforms to help source, screen, hire and onboard employees efficiently as companies grow. With a focus on hourly workers, Workstream combines AI and text messaging to hire workers four times faster than other methods, says Basis Set Ventures Lan Xuezhao.

Workstream cofounder Desmond Lim.

The hiring needs of small-to-medium-sized businesses can vary significantly because of the current demand they are trying to serve. For business owners employing in the hospitality industry, the problem of adequate staffing can be severe. Lim and his family have experienced this issue first hand as owners and employees. His parents were hourly workers. Lims father was a driver, and his mother assisted her spouse. Lim himself started his first business in the restaurant industry. He owned and operated a Thai restaurant, Treehouse Caf. At Treehouse, as part of the primary operations, Lim had to manage screening, hiring and onboarding, new workers, in a manual fashion. People apply through online job portals but may not show up for an interview. If they are hired, they may not show up on time or at all for training because they miss reminders via phone or email.

Lim wasnt the only one to deal with the challenges of hiring hourly workers during his time as a restaurateur (he later sold the business). TheNational Retail Foundation predicted $3.8 trillionin retail sales in 2019, which reflects 3.8% to 4.4% year over year growth. The growth of sales leads to a growth in jobs in the retail sector. The same can be said for the restaurant sector as well. TheNational Restaurant Association predicts $863 billionin 2019 sales for all U.S. restaurants and the addition of 1.6 million jobs by 2029. The growth of these jobs directly drives the needs for better hiring and onboarding platforms to help retailers better serve their customers at large volumes of sales.

Workstreams core product is a hiring automation platform built for hourly workers. Lim and his team found that the major bottleneck is in sourcing and hiring hourly workers, given theU.S. unemployment rate is at an all 50 year low. Workstream sends text messages to the applicant to make sure applicants proceed through the hiring process successfully. The texts sent include a link to a form to help capture information to move them forward in their candidacy for the job. The startup has found that their clients, some of whom are Jamba Juice, Subway, and Sports Basement, have increased their conversion rate of candidates to employees threefold while decreasing the time needed to screen and onboard them by half. The startups ability to serve its current clients well comes from a strong founding team.

Lim, Wang, and Xu all have one thing in common. They are all immigrant founders who came from different regions of the world. Lim, hailing from Singapore, studied at Harvard for his Masters in Public Policy. Aside from his restaurant business, Lim had previously worked at Bank of America Merrill Lynch as an investment banker, WeChat as a product manager, and as a founder of QuikForce, an on-demand logistics startup. Wang, coming from China, obtained his Masters from Cornell Tech in Computer Engineering. Wang was previously a software engineer at Sinovation Ventures and a founder of a China-based startup before co-founding Workstream. Xu, also born in China, studied Industrial Engineering and Economics at U.C. Berkeley and previously founded a YC-backed (S16) ed-tech startup called Emote. For many hourly workers, these threes efforts through Workstream will help them find the jobs they need to thrive in todays and tomorrows economy.

If you enjoyed this article, feel free to check out my other work onLinkedInand my personal website,frederickdaso.com. Follow me on Twitter@fredsoda, on Medium@fredsoda,and on Instagram@fred_soda.

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Workstream, A Staffing Automation Startup, Helps Small Businesses Hire Hourly Workers - Forbes

Robotic Process Automation Software Market Latest Trends , Size, Share, Types, Technical Applications, In-depth Industry Analysis and Competitive…

Global Robotic Process Automation Software market research report is a base analysis of the recent and latest scenario of the industry. A detailed study of market done by our Robotic Process Automation Software professional and research experts team. This Robotic Process Automation Software market report offers company details, volume study, product scope, manufacturing cost and price, profit, supply and demand, import-export activities and consumption. It includes the main Robotic Process Automation Software marketing tendencies that covering market restraining and driving factors, Robotic Process Automation Software opportunities, risk/challenges, market share, leading players as well as Robotic Process Automation Software major growing regions.

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Major leading players included in the Robotic Process Automation Software market report are:

UiPathAutomation AnywhereBlue PrismKofaxWorkFusionJidokaNICEKryon SystemsDatamaticsHelpSystemsEnableSoftSpiceCSMAntWorksPegasystemsNTT Data

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BFSIEducationManufacturingTelecom & ITOthers

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Orbis Reports is constantly motivated to offer superlative run-down on ongoing market developments. To fulfill this, our voluminous data archive is laden with genuine and legitimately sourced data, subject to intense validation by our in-house subject experts. A grueling validation process is implemented to double-check details of extensive publisher data pools, prior to including their diverse research reports catering to multiple industries on our coherent platform. With an astute inclination for impeccable data sourcing, rigorous quality control measures are a part and parcel in Orbis Reports.

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Robotic Process Automation Software Market Latest Trends , Size, Share, Types, Technical Applications, In-depth Industry Analysis and Competitive...

Industrial Automation Market Boosting the Manufacturing Industry Worldwide – Robotics Tomorrow

Industrial automation market is projected to occur at a handsome CAGR of 7.56% during the forecast period from 2019 to 2027.

The global industrial automation market exhibits a highly cutthroat competition mainly due to the presence of innumerable players, observes Transparency Market Research based on a newly published report. The fragmented nature of this market's vendor landscape depicts most players integrating their products with advanced technologies. With an increasing demand for industrial-grade products occurring in almost every sector, a high requirement for automation that can help mass produce commodities is being felt all over the globe. This has caused a spike in the number of players entering the industrial automation market, which is certainly expected to increase the competitive intensity during the upcoming years.

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According to experts from Transparency Market Research, the global industrial automation market had gained revenue worth US$227.29 bn in 2018, which is further expected to grow up to US$438.08 bn by the end of 2027. This growth is projected to occur at a handsome CAGR of 7.56% during the forecast period from 2019 to 2027.

Demand for Fast Production Capacity Creates Need for Rampant Industrial Automation

A rapidly increasing demand for fast production capacities is primarily driving the global industrial automation market. Such a high demand mainly exists in terms of automotive assemblies, telecom networks, aircrafts, heat treating boilers and ovens, chemical plant machinery, steering and ship stabilization, and other machinery systems. Moreover, several companies are pouring large sums of money to facilitate research and developmental processes regarding industrial automation. This too has been responsible for propelling growth in the global industrial automation market.

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Industrial Automation Market Boosting the Manufacturing Industry Worldwide - Robotics Tomorrow

Automation Puts Reply Guys Out of Work in Fake Social Media App Botnet – VICE

Ever wanted to post something to social media just for the cheap, dopamine-fueled thrill of seeing a stream of favs and comments, but not risk interacting with a real human being? Botnet, a social media simulation for iOS where you're the only human in a sea of bots, might be just what you need.

When you download the app, you enter a fantasy world where you're the most popular userand only non-boton a social network. It feels like a blend of the big three apps: the overall layout of Facebook, the commenting system of Instagram, and the anarchy of Twitter. While it feels real enough when you're posting about your cat or the weather, Botnet's views on politics are baffling, though not moreso than a particularly obsessed Twitter rando.

According to the makers of the app, when you post, all the comments are made by bots trained on thousands of "real conversations." For a dollar each, you can buy bots that will troll you or make dad jokes. It's deeply refreshing in some ways. All the minutiae that I post about is treated like the most fascinating and mind blowing content to this army of bots. I love being popular.

Posting about my cat or my boyfriend yielded an eerily accurate facsimile of what happens when I post something stupid on social media. Bots in the replies to both pictures said "great pic!" or posted the "100" emoji. In general, Botnet's use of emojis is stellar. Just like on Instagram or Twitter, the first replies I get to any post are the same emojis people use to get in their first replystars, crying laughing faces, and hearts.

Some of the replies were so convincing, I reached out to Billy Chasen, artist and creator of Botnet, to ask if there were any real users on the app other than myself. The company told Motherboard that it uses GPT-2, an algorithm created by OpenAI, and trained it on "millions of internet comments."

"Everything they write is original and based on training," Chasen said.

When I posted about politics on Botnet, things got weirder.

Botnet functions basically like a diary. While the bots give you the impression of there being interaction, you're actually just writing down your thoughts in a closed system that no one but yourself will see. What I do in my real life diary is try to decompress and untangle my stresses, and on Tuesday, February 11, one of my greatest stresses is the New Hampshire primary election. I wrote in Botnet, "Bernie Sanders will be victorious in New Hampshire." Instead of hearts and smiley faces, one of the first replies I got was "The Democratic Party will not abandon Marianne Williamson." The bots, it seems, have some pretty wild political opinions.

From there, I started to test more general political opinions. By this point I had paid a buck to get some troll bots, which have red hued icons. When I mentioned socialism, they all insisted I'd be better off volunteering.

When I said that socialism is the only path to an ethical society, one of my bots attributed the quote, hilariously, to JFK.

The friendly bots didn't really understand what I meant when I wrote, "workers of the world unite," but the troll bots were right on cue with telling me that queer people should go fuck themselves.

It's incredible not just how deranged these bots are, but how much like real social media these replies are. I've had exchanges like these with real human beings on Twitter, confusing anger and Marianne Williamson stanning included. That said, Botnet did generate a comment leagues funnier than anything I've seen on Twitter when I've tried to talk politics:

New Hampee, indeed.

This article originally appeared on VICE US.

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Automation Puts Reply Guys Out of Work in Fake Social Media App Botnet - VICE

Epiroc and ASI Mining to automate Roy Hill haul truck fleet – International Mining

Epiroc has signed a contract with Roy Hill to deliver a fully automated haul truck solution for its iron ore mining operation in Western Australia.

In partnership with automation specialist ASI Mining which Epiroc owns 34% of Epiroc is convert Roy Hills haul trucks from manned to autonomous use. The two will deliver a safe and interoperable solution for Roy Hills mixed truck fleet, with an ability to expand to other mining vehicle types and manufacturers, and capability to integrate with existing Roy Hill systems, Epiroc said.

Epiroc and ASI Mining will also be working closely with Roy Hill and its partners Hitachi and Wenco on truck conversion and integration of the Wenco fleet management system.

The project will see a phased implementation, with testing and production verification of up to eight trucks undertaken in the initial phase prior to the second phase of full fleet expansion from mid-2021.

Helena Hedblom, Epirocs Senior Executive Vice President Mining and Infrastructure, said: Epiroc is proud to collaborate with Roy Hill, ASI Mining and other partners to automate Roy Hills haul truck fleet, boosting safety and productivity for a crucial aspect of its mining operation. This is a very strong example of how automation will take a mining companys operation to the next level.

Roy Hill CEO, Barry Fitzgerald, said the mining company was well positioned to transition to automation. Our teams on site and in our Remote Operations Centre (ROC) in Perth have demonstrated a clear capacity to deliver complex projects, sustainable change and operational excellence with the recent success of our autonomous drill program and fleet optimisation initiatives. Now is the right time to bring the combined expertise of Roy Hill, Epiroc, ASI Mining and Wenco together to convert our haul truck fleet.

Fitzgerald adde: Care is one of our core values, with safety at the heart of everything we do. Roy Hills Smart Mine program is driving innovation across our business, and the automation of our haulage fleet is central to delivering safety and production improvements.

Roy Hill is an iron ore mining project in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Located 340 km southeast of Port Hedland, it has an integrated mine, rail and port facilities and produces 55 Mt/y of iron ore, with approval to increase to 60 Mt/y. Its ROC in Perth provides end-to-end integration of operations, according to Epiroc.

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Epiroc and ASI Mining to automate Roy Hill haul truck fleet - International Mining

Automation Solutions Market in the Oil and Gas Industry 2020-2024 | Rise in the Global Demand for Oil and Gas to Boost Growth | Technavio – Business…

LONDON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Technavio has been monitoring the automation solutions market in the oil and gas industry and it is poised to grow by USD 1.49 billion during 2020-2024, progressing at a CAGR of 3% during the forecast period. The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment.

Rise in the global demand for oil and gas has been instrumental in driving the growth of the market. However, interoperability issues due to proprietary software might hamper market growth. Request a free sample report

Automation Solutions Market in the Oil and Gas Industry 2020-2024: Segmentation

Automation Solutions Market in the Oil and Gas Industry is segmented as below:

Product

Geographic segmentation

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Automation Solutions Market in the Oil and Gas Industry 2020-2024: Scope

Technavio presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources. Our automation solutions market in the oil and gas industry report covers the following areas:

This study identifies growing importance of big data analytics and IoT as one of the prime reasons driving the automation solutions market in the oil and gas industry growth during the next few years.

Automation Solutions Market in the Oil and Gas Industry 2020-2024: Vendor Analysis

We provide a detailed analysis of around 25 vendors operating in the automation solutions market in the oil and gas industry, including some of the vendors such as ABB Ltd., Eaton Corp. Plc, Emerson Electric Co., Honeywell International Inc., Mitsubishi Electric Corp., OMRON Corp., Rockwell Automation Inc., Schneider Electric SE, Siemens AG and Yokogawa Electric Corp. Backed with competitive intelligence and benchmarking, our research reports on the automation solutions market in the oil and gas industry are designed to provide entry support, customer profile and M&As as well as go-to-market strategy support.

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Automation Solutions Market in the Oil and Gas Industry 2020-2024: Key Highlights

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Automation Solutions Market in the Oil and Gas Industry 2020-2024 | Rise in the Global Demand for Oil and Gas to Boost Growth | Technavio - Business...

32% of jobs in ‘red wall’ seats at risk of automation by early 2030s – LabourList

32% of all jobs in red wall constituencies won by the Tories from Labour in the last election are estimated to be at risk of automation by the early 2030s.

A report by Future Advocacy has said that eight million jobs are at risk of automation over the next ten years and it has called on the government to protect communities.

The think tank estimated that 30% of jobs are vulnerable nationally with the greatest loses expected in retail, manufacturing and transport.

The research shows that the impact of automation will be felt differently across the various regions in the country with an uneven distribution of job losses.

1.2 million jobs in retail are thought to be at risk, with a further 1.1 million in manufacturing and 800,000 in transport.

A researcher at the think tank Anna Pick said: The task of levelling up Britain is only going to be made harder by the oncoming decade of automation. Our report projects that almost a third of existing jobs could be automated by 2030.

We must ensure that communities, particularly those in towns and rural areas across the Midlands and the North of England, do not suffer as a result. The government needs to double down on efforts to create jobs, boost skills, and improve infrastructure.

A recent review by the committee on standards in public life investigated the way in which artificial intelligence and automation will change the way in which public services are delivered.

The Labour-affiliated union Unite criticised the report for a failure to examine and discuss the threat that the phenomena pose to public sectors jobs.

Analysis previously commissioned by the trade union found that employment in health and local authorities are at a high risk of automation.

An executive officer for Unite, Sharon Graham said: A report on robots in the public sector has forgotten about the humans. Its astounding that an in-depth report on artificial intelligence and ethics in the public sector has been produced without any consideration of the risk new technologies could have on public sector workers livelihoods.

There are over five million workers employed in the public sector including the NHS and local authorities where many jobs are at a high risk of automation.

Unite is developing a political and industrial strategy to build a future that works. New technology is going to generate a lot of opportunities but there are also threats. We will fight to make sure the benefits are shared and used to do things that help public sector workers and their families, such as reducing working time without loss of pay.

Research suggests that the impact of job automation will not be equal across different demographics within the population.

A report by the office for national statistics in 2017 demonstrated that over 70% of those jobs considered vulnerable to automation were held by women.

In addition to this younger people are significantly more likely to be in employment expected to be more heavily affected by automation over the next few years.

Some industries have already seen significant impact. Between 2011 and 2017, reporting from the ONS revealed that 25.3% of supermarket checkout disappeared.

Various companies are experimenting with increasingly automated models Amazon, for example, has been trialling shops that operate without any staff.

The full report from Future Advocacy can be found here: Automation and Britains New Political Landscape Future Advocacy

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32% of jobs in 'red wall' seats at risk of automation by early 2030s - LabourList

Automated oil and gas well control – Engineer Live

Juliana Bond explores a further step towards the automation of oil and gas well operations

One major oil and gas industry challenge is that well control is entirely reliant on a single human being to detect an influx and safely shut-in the well. The complex sequence of events required by the driller to make a well safe following an influx includes a complex mixture of human factors, knowledge and physical skills. These include: Situational Awareness Levels 1 to 3; knowledge of the rig and drill string; knowledge of the formation pore pressure and mud weight; short- and medium-term memory of up to five drilling parameters; and fine motor skills to drive the equipment to the appropriate place and then stop the mud pumps and top drive.

On cyber rigs, much of the actions are needed on a system designed with little regard to the ergonomics required for a series of fast actions that must be done precisely. A series of decisions need to be made, often with competing drivers, and the implications of making the wrong decision are dramatic. Additionally, the individual may be required to function the Blowout Preventer equipment, which is not a daily occurrence, so they may not be fully familiar with its functionality. Once functioned, the driller is required to verify it has functioned correctly. The worker is expected to diagnose a potential fault and function other components until the well is sealed. All of this is done under the goal of minimising the volume of the influx.

There may be dramatic implications for creating non-productive time and subsequently affecting the drillers career. This creates a stressful situation. One end of the scale is creating a major accident and the other end of the scale is preventing a major accident. Given the complexity of the required tasks and the ever-increasing demands on our drillers, it is understandable that up to 67% of blowouts are caused by human factors issues.

Oil and gas well control can be improved by using automated technology. An automated well control system has been developed by Safe Influx to recognise an influx whilst drilling ahead, space out, flow check, stop the mud pumps and top drive, flow check and, as necessary through the sequence, activate the BOPs to safely close in the well.

All of this is done with machine code instructions enabling simultaneous commands to be issued and executed. The well and equipment control algorithms enable swift detection and shut-in of an influx, dramatically reducing the volume of the influx. A smaller influx volume results in more well kill options and less time required to resolve the situation before resuming productive operations.

Monitoring signals from the rigs existing systems are read within the central control system. As required, signals are sent to control the various drilling rig equipment.

The automated system covers all rigs, onshore and offshore, regardless of location, water depth and well type. The technology allows continuous monitoring and error-free execution of well control operations, reacting to an influx as soon as it is detected.

Comparison tests have shown that the technology enables shut-in times up to five times faster than current conventional human interface methods, with influx volumes typically 20%-25% of those experienced during manual shut-in.

The Safe Influx system consists of a small unit and HMI touchscreen for the driller to configure and operate. The driller sets up the parameters to initiate an automated well control sequence. The system is designed to let the driller know what is happening at all times and what the next event is. Therefore, the crew member can intervene at any moment to stop the automated sequence progressing. The shut-in sequence is pre-determined by the operator and drilling contractor and the driller sets the system up accordingly.

The system design goals, equipment, software and functionality have been assessed by an independent verification body, resulting in a technology qualification certificate being awarded. This demonstrates that the system has achieved its stated design goal of automated gas or oil well control. Ultimately, this technology could prove to be a game-changing solution to the oil & gas industry; improving the safety, environmental and cost performance of drilling.

Juliana Bond is with Safe Influx

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Automated oil and gas well control - Engineer Live

Neurotechnology Market Professional Survey and In-Depth Analysis Research Report Foresight to 2017 2025 – Redhill Local Councillors

Business Intelligence Report on the Neurotechnology Market

PMR, in a recently published market study, offers valuable insights related to the overall dynamics of the Neurotechnology Market in the current scenario. Further, the report assesses the future prospects of the Neurotechnology by analyzing the various market elements including the current trends, opportunities, restraints, and market drivers.

As per the report, the Neurotechnology Market is set to grow at a CAGR of ~XX% over the forecast period 2017 2025 and exceed a value of ~US$ XX by the end of 2029. The report suggests that significant progress in technology, growing investments towards R&D projects, and increasing awareness related to curbing industrial waste are some of the primary factors that are expected to drive the growth of the Neurotechnology Market during the assessment period.

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Some of the market participants in the global neurotechnology market are General Electric Company, Siemens Healthcare Private Limited, Koninklijke Philips N.V., Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Shimadzu Corporation, Hitachi Medical Corporation, Elekta AB, Tristan Technologies, Inc., allengers, Natus Medical Incorporated, and Magstim. The market of neurotechnology has witnessed consolidation among the key players such as collaboration, partnership, patent transfer, increasing research and development activities, product introduction, mergers and acquisition, and joint ventures among the international as well as domestic players are the distinctive trend of competition in the neurotechnology market.

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Facial Recognition System Market Drivers is Responsible to for Increasing Market Share, Forecast to 2026 – Instant Tech News

The report offers a exclusive research investigation of theFacial Recognition System Marketwith nitty gritty data of Product Types, Key Players Such as A (3M, Animetrics, Aware, Inc., Ayonix Corporation, Cognitec Systems, Daon, Gemalto NV, Herta Security, IDEMIA, KeyLemon S.A., NEC Corporation, Neurotechnology, NVISO SA., Panasonic i-PRO Sensing Solutions Co., Ltd., and Techno Brain). This excellent statistical surveying and examination report give a ground-breaking study that prepares showcase players to wind up mindful of concealed development openings, assume responsibility for the aggressive scene, center around high-development fragments, and to do substantially more.

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Elon Musk promises to have the Neuralink brain chip in a human this year – Inceptive Mind

The device that allows the human brain to connect to a computer could be implanted in a person for the first time later this year, announced the founder of Neuralink neurotechnology company, the tycoon Elon Musk.

Last year, Musks Neuralink introduced a special microchip and flexible fiber electrodes that should allow the human brain to connect to computers or machines. At the same time, he announced that the electrodes in question would like to be implanted with a laser in the future because it is more suitable than a mechanical drill for making holes in the skull.

This crazy project of Elon Musk and his startup seems to be going well. Elon Musk said on Twitter that the Neuralink is working on an awesome new version of the companys signature device. Clearly better than Utah Array, he said contentedly.

Musk claimed that (the new version) just needs to be unequivocally better than Utah Array, which is already in some humans & has severe drawbacks. Utah Array is an existing interface designed to record neural activity in the brain.

Neuralinks ambitions are really great! The main purpose of the device is to compensate for entire sections of the brain lost due to a stroke, accident, or congenital disease.

Of course, it is not yet clear what the updated concept looks like and whether it will work at all. SpaceX and Tesla chief, however, is full of optimism and enthusiasm. The potential is truly transformational for restoring brain & motor functions, he said in his tweet on Monday.

If the arrival of the first tests on the human brain is encouraging, the road is long until the actual implantation of Neuralink. In another tweet, he says: First, we need to make it super safe & easy to use, then determine the greatest utility vs. risk. From initially working to volume production & implantation is a long road.

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Elon Musk promises to have the Neuralink brain chip in a human this year - Inceptive Mind

Pooja Bedi stirs controversy over anti-reservation comments, Twitter reminds her of daughter Alayas… – Hindustan Times

Actor Pooja Bedi stirred controversy after tweeting against reservation on Tuesday. Her comments were met with conflicted reactions, with many pointing out that it was probably her privilege - she is the daughter of actor Kabir Bedi - that prompted her to make the statements in the first place.

Pooja had written in a tweet, Dear @priyankagandhi I think its VERY positive that @BJP4India wants 2 end the quota & reservation systems! if we believe in ONE india & merit & an end to divisive politics.... this is definitely a step in right direction. This reservation system cannot be a FOREVER entitlement. She was reacting to a statement made by the Congress Priyanka Gandhi.

One person, reacting to Poojas tweet, wrote, Pooja, Why dont you work for abolition of caste? Thats definitely ONE India. Fight for those who die cleaning the shit from gutters. Thats ONE India. And lovely how you flippantly discard centuries of atrocities committed by upper castes on those lower down the ladder. Responding to this, the actor wrote back, We have graduates sweeping floors because someone with way lesser marks got their job based on quota. Yes, Atrocities were inflicted in past. But Thats no reason 2 punish the good & deserving youth of today. Reward merit & INDIA will flourish! Caste system is a misused vote bank.

Also Watch | Saif Ali Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Alaya F attend special screening of Jawaani Jaaneman

Another person, responding to Poojas original tweet, commented, Like your sheer hardwork and no entitlement or fame you received as a result of your parents? Or like how your daughter has struggled along with all those struggling actors in Mumbai and poor girl is trying to get a role?

The person was making a reference to Poojas daughter, Alaya F, who recently made her debut in the film industry with the film Jawaani Jaaneman, and fielded a barrage of questions about nepotism in Bollywood. We need to realise that even in our struggle, we are privileged. If we got rejected in 10 auditions, someone else has got the thumbs down 100 times. Their struggle is greater than ours. But just because Im privileged, doesnt mean that Im not going to do what I love and work hard at it, Alaya had told Mumbai Mirror.

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Pooja Bedi stirs controversy over anti-reservation comments, Twitter reminds her of daughter Alayas... - Hindustan Times

Pooja Bedi’s anti-reservation tweet triggers debate, netizens remind her of daughter Alaya F’s ‘struggle’ – India TV News

Pooja Bedi's anti-reservation tweet triggers controversy

Pooja Bedi took to Twitter to put forward her views on a statement made by Congress' Priyanka Gandhi. This triggered a sort of heated debate on the micro-blogging site. Applauding BJP government, Pooja had written in a tweet, Dear @priyankagandhi I think its VERY positive that @BJP4India wants 2 end the quota & reservation systems! if we believe in ONE india & merit & an end to divisive politics.... this is definitely a step in right direction. This reservation system cannot be a FOREVER entitlement.

This didn't go down well with a certain section of Twitterati who pointed out that she is privileged enough to make such statements. Going brutal, some even took a dig by making a remark on Pooja and her daughter Alaya F's 'struggle' in Bollywood.

Reacting on Pooja's tweet, one wrote,Pooja, Why dont you work for abolition of caste? Thats definitely ONE India. Fight for those who die cleaning the shit from gutters. Thats ONE India. And lovely how you flippantly discard centuries of atrocities committed by upper castes on those lower down the ladder.

Another commented, ''Like your sheer hardwork and no entitlement or fame you received as a result of your parents? Or like how your daughter has struggled along with all those struggling actors in Mumbai and poor girl is trying to get a role?''

''Very convenient words from a rich, upper caste person. Please shed some wisdom by sharing your thoughts on caste system which is the root of discrimination,'' wrote a Twitter user.

For the unversed, Alaya F made her Bollywood debut with Jawaani Jaaneman starring Saif Ali Khan and Tabu.

During the promotions of Jawaani Jaaneman, Alaya while addressing the question of nepotism said that even in their struggle, they are privileged.

We need to realise that even in our struggle, we are privileged. If we got rejected in 10 auditions, someone else has got the thumbs down 100 times. Their struggle is greater than ours. But just because Im privileged, doesnt mean that Im not going to do what I love and work hard at it, Alaya had told Mumbai Mirror.

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Pooja Bedi's anti-reservation tweet triggers debate, netizens remind her of daughter Alaya F's 'struggle' - India TV News

There Are Five Types Of Political Leader. So Which Is Donald Trump? – Forbes

WASHINGTON, DC - FEBRUARY 04: President Donald Trump delivers the State of the Union address as ... [+] House Speaker Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) and Vice President Mike Pence look on in the chamber of the U.S. House of Representatives on February 04, 2020 in Washington, DC. President Trump delivers his third State of the Union to the nation the night before the U.S. Senate is set to vote in his impeachment trial. (Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images)

Leadership literature comprises thousands of works hundreds of which are typologies that categorize leaders in ways to explain their actions. But very few examine Political Leadership. And given the rise of populist parties and alternative facts, advancing understanding of actions taken by politicians is crucial.

And so, last month, ITV's Peston selected a typology from Harvard Business Review famed for its global media coverage and usage by Fortune 500 executives the world over. Researchers, including myself, were tasked with applying the work to the political industry - given its high degree of generalizability. The findings concluded that five types of political leaders exist, which are as follows.

1. Surgeon Leaders

They're incredibly decisive and incisive, somewhat Machiavellian, and rule-breaking by nature. They focus on delivering short term impact by quickly identify what's not working. Then they forensically redirect attention and resources to problems most pressing because they don't prioritize things that aren't mission-critical. Often seen as a ruthless disciplinarian, these leaders believe they're mandated to build performance shifts using their trusted blueprints and rulebooks of which people must obey to the latter. In the short-term, this strategy can work well, and performance typically improves significantly, usually within the first two years they're tenured. Observants will claim to have witnessed an incredible transformation. But this is temporary because the entity has become cult-like in operation, meaning it is heavily reliant and dependent upon one person themselves the "chosen one." And after the Surgeon leaves, performance crashes back to earth. Observants will then blame the new leader, while buoyed up by an undeserved reputation, the Surgeon has moved on to their next patient or Golf Course in the case of Donald Trump a classic Surgeon Leader.

WASHINGTON, DC - FEBRUARY 06: U.S. President Donald Trump holds a copy of The Washington Post as he ... [+] speaks in the East Room of the White House one day after the U.S. Senate acquitted on two articles of impeachment, ion February 6, 2020 in Washington, DC. After five months of congressional hearings and investigations about President Trumps dealings with Ukraine, the U.S. Senate formally acquitted the president on Wednesday of charges that he abused his power and obstructed Congress. (Photo by Drew Angerer/Getty Images)

Even post-acquittal, he wears the badge of impeachment somewhat favorably because it provides a useful re-election narrative. Even so, 'the Donald' is one of only three presidents in U.S. history to be impeached and the only president to seek re-election after being impeached. In his recent State of the Union address, he declared, "Our economy is the best it has ever been." Adding, "If we hadn't reversed the failed economic policies of the previous administration, the world would not now be witnessing this great economic success." But critics, including Speaker Nancy Pelosi, suggests this claim is unfounded, calling it "a manifesto of mistruths."

LONDON, ENGLAND - DECEMBER 13: Britain's Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster Michael Gove speaks at ... [+] QEII before a speech by Boris Johnson as the Conservatives celebrate a sweeping election victory on December 13, 2019 in London, England. Johnson called the first UK winter election for nearly a century in an attempt to gain a working majority to break the parliamentary deadlock over Brexit. As the results roll in the Conservative Party has gained the number of seats needed to win a clear majority at the expense of the Labour Party. Votes are still being counted and an overall result is expected later today. (Photo by Chris J Ratcliffe/Getty Images)

In Britain, Michael Gove has also demonstrated severe mistruths throughout his tenure and should face imprisonment for his lies told during the Brexit campaign, according to critics. The classic Surgeon Leader who infamously stabbed Boris Johnson in the back and David Cameron in the front is hated by many teachers but holds a reputation in and around Westminster as the most effective minister of recent times. During his rise to the top, Gove seemingly developed a canny ability to get things done he's a fixer, just like fellow Westminster Surgeon Dominic Cummings. His track record is of effectiveness occurred across three different government departments, primarily due to his laser-like focus about what he wants to achieve and bloody-mindedness about getting there, again, just like Cummings.

2. Soldier Leaders

They like order and efficiency, hate waste, and subscribe to the view that entities fail because they're fat, lazy, and frivolous. Consequently, they're inclined to trim and tighten, focusing on the bottom line with an insatiable tenacity and heavy-duty focus on tasks. These leaders often cut staff and non-essential activities, automate processes, and fixate on operational details, which in turn drives a culture and climate of fear and uncertainty. Finances typically improve during their tenure because they 'tighten the screws' on people and processes, but this isn't sustainable over time because people and processes are suffocated. By the time they need to breathe again, the Soldier has moved onto their next mission.

COLLEGE STATION, TX - JANUARY 20: Former Defense Secretary and 46th Vice President Dick Cheney ... [+] attends an event honoring the 20th anniversary of the Persian Gulf War on January 20, 2011 in College Station Texas. The Gulf War was waged against Iraq from August 1990 to February 1991 during President George H. W. Bush's administration. (Photo by Ben Sklar/Getty Images)

Dick Cheney optimizes the Solider Leader. Serving as secretary of defense between 1989 and 1993, he directed two military campaigns, receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his leadership. Then, using the contacts he'd made, entered the private sector as Chairman and CEO of Halliburton. Upon returning to Capitol Hill in 2001 with a $36 million severance package, Cheney joined the Oval Office as vice president and began an eight-year tenure of deregulation, self-regulation, and corruption. His orders to subordinates included illegally spying on innocent Americans, introducing a regime of torture, and diverting raw intelligence directly to his office - which manipulated presidential decision making and resulted in mistruths shared about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction war followed. During the run-up to which, Halliburton received a $7 billion contract to provide logistics no other company was allowed to bid - one of the most significant cases of war profiteering ever.

MANCHESTER, ENGLAND - OCTOBER 04: Whilst 80,000 people attend a demonstration organized by the TUC ... [+] and anti-austerity protesters, British Chancellor George Osborne arrives on day one of the Conservative Party Conference (Photo by Dan Kitwood/Getty Images)

In Britain, George 'nine jobs' Osborne optimizes the Solder Leader. Even though his political tenure has ended, at least for now, some would argue it continues under a new guise. His time as Chancellor of the Exchequer was extremely eventful. Entering Downing Street in May 2010, Osborne inherited national growth in a state of recovery and improving public sector finances. But, rather than building on this growth, he ordered sizeable cuts to government expenditure. In doing so, he tightened the screws on the economy and society - millions of working families were left worse off, and some districts had to cut spending by up to 46 percent. His reasoning for such severe levels of Austerity was to manage the public purse, debt, and deficit better. In the short term, fiscal improvements occurred. But two years later, national income declined and wiped out those improvements meaning the government missed all its targets for reducing public debt. The legacy of Osborne's orders remain infamous - those affected by his Austerity measures were receptive to the 2016 Leave campaign - meaning his 'screw tightening' contributed to Brexit. But Osborne, like Cheney, didn't stick around. He left Parliament and began several new missions earning himself millions.

3. Accountant Leaders

They appear more moderate and liked than Surgeons. They're keen to invest and grow, focusing on the top line, unlike Soldiers, because they subscribe to the view that entities fail if they're small and weak. These leaders oppose Austerity Politics and are resourceful leaders who operate systematically, focusing on economic growth. As such, Accountants are often described as creative financiers, are good with figures, and possess a je ne sais quoi. During their tenure, economic performance usually increases and continues to do so after their departure. Consequently, they're typically remembered more favorably than Surgeons and Soldiers even if they do have faults worthy of impeachment.

Former US president Bill Clinton talks during the Special Session on Haiti, on the second day of the ... [+] World Economic Forum meeting in Davos on January 28, 2010, which is to be attended by 2,500 top politicians, captains of industries and civil society leaders. Addressing the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, Clinton said the catastrophe could turn out to be an opportunity for the devastated Caribbean island state to emerge from generations of grinding poverty. AFP PHOTO PIERRE VERDY (Photo credit should read PIERRE VERDY/AFP via Getty Images)

Bill Clinton optimizes the Accountant Leader - he presided over one of the most impressive economic turnarounds in modern history. During his presidency, he executed a fiscal strategy that invested in people, innovation, and infrastructuretransforming the weak economy he inherited into a powerhouse, turning deficits into surpluses, and creating a bedrock for strong future growth. He foresaw changes that globalization would bring and began thinking about solutions the nation would need to prosper in the 21st century. By the end of his tenure, 22.7 million new jobs existed. Additionally, unemployment decreased to a 30-year low, and gross domestic product grew by 35 percent overall through the most prolonged period of sustained growth in U.S. history. Also, the Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplusthe first such surplus since 1969.

CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA - JUNE 05: Gordon Brown, the former UK prime minister and current head of ... [+] the World Economic Forum's infrastructure initiative, delivers a speech on the third day of the 25th World Economic Forum meeting held under the theme "Then and Now: Reimagining Africa's Future" in Cape Town, South Africa on June 5, 2015. (Photo by Ashraf Hendricks/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images)

In Britain, Gordon Brown optimizes the Accountant Leader. His tenure was certainty eventful and made the bank of England operationally independent when it came to setting monetary policy, ending decades of politically motivated interest rate manipulation. Early on, his strict adherence to the Golden Rule allowed him to be simultaneously fiscally responsible and distributive he even earned the revered title "Flash Gordon." But in the second half of his tenure, possibly in a bid to make himself more popular ahead of becoming PM, he abandoned it, and the deficit increased. Brown's policy of encouraging banks to lend up to 125 percent mortgages inadvertently laid the foundations for the nation's financial crisis. But even so, Ipsos MORI regards him as the county's most successful post-War Chancellor and best in terms of providing economic stability, working independently from the Prime Minister, and leaving a lasting legacy on Britain's economy.

4. Philosopher Leaders

They're passionate debaters and love to discuss the merits of alternative approaches, often guided by principles driven by dogma. They are adept with words and very inspiring to those who share a prevailing ideology but often jarring and stubborn to those who don't. These leaders can appear to marginalise those who are guided by different principles and are somewhat elitist, although they'd never say so because they believe they're anti-establishment. Consequently, they spend most of their time debating and discussing whether a direction of travel is the right thing to do generally with their supporters, which creates echo chambers. Thus, Philosophers can miss the viewpoints held by a wider population. Supporters of Philosophers are very excited when they begin their tenure they believe a revolution will transpire. So much change is promised, but very little is delivered. When asked why Philosophers will never accept fault someone or something else should be blamed even the electorate.

Presidential Woodrow Wilson speaks to a crowd in Union Square. (Photo by Library of ... [+] Congress/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)

Woodrow Wilson optimizes the Philosopher Leader. He was the first college professor to occupy the presidency. His tenure driven by ideology, but marred by elitism, racism, and white supremacy - desiring to rid the nation of those he classified as "hyphenated Americans." He supported segregation in government departments and did little to end race riots that occurred during his administration even throwing a civil-rights leader out of the White House. He pushed laws to prosecute and imprison those who disagreed with his policies including journalists and presidential candidates. And he made the colossal blunder of entering World War I where his idealism paid a substantial cost and led to unintended consequences in Germany and Russia, contributing to the rise of totalitarian regimes and a second world war.

GLASGOW, SCOTLAND - AUGUST 31: Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn joins hundreds of protestors during a ... [+] Stop the Coup protest in George Square on August 31, 2019 in Glasgow, Scotland. Left-wing group Momentum, remain group Another Europe is Possible and the People's Assembly coordinate a series of "Stop The Coup" protests across the UK aimed at Boris Johnson and the UK government proroguing Parliament. (Photo by Ian Forsyth/Getty Images)

In Britain, Jeremy Corbyn optimizes the Philosopher Leader. During his tenure, the British Labour Party became "institutionally anti-Semitic" and weighed down by allegations of extremism. Despite this, many of his supporters believe he produced "the most wonderful manifesto this country has ever seen." But atypical of a Philosopher echo chamber, it delivered the worst general election defeat since 1935. Labour won 203 seats, down 59, and saw its vote share fall 7.8 percentage points to 32.2, while the British Conservatives won 365 seats, up 47, with 43.6 percent of the vote. Consequently, former home secretary David Blunkett blamed the devastating defeat on Corbyn and his "ultra-left wing sect of losers." Additionally, the three-time election-winning former prime minister Tony Blair called on Labour members to abandon the policies and philosophic ideologies of Corbyn arguing that the Party will never see power again till it demonstrates moderatism.

5. Architect Leaders

They're the most long-termist of the five and focus on redesigning and transforming to build long-term sustainable impact. These leaders are often insightful and visionary, subscribing to the view that entities fail because they don't adequately serve. In many ways, they're a combination of the best attributes of the other four leaders: they exemplify the concept of Servant Leadership an interconnected series of principles coined by Robert Greenleaf in 1977 that focuses on stewardship. Subsequently the tenure of an Architect Leader often produces steady performance improvement, though less so than Surgeon and Soldier Leaders. This is because Architect Leaders refuse to make quick wins - long-term sustainability is their singular agenda item. And for this reason, they're often vilified by those who are seemingly addicted to immediate impact and short term gains. Perversely, this means the work of an Architect Leader is often unappreciated in the moment for it takes time for the fruits of their labor to blossom, and there is, unfortunate reluctance within society to recognize genius in its own time - Surgeon Leaders are valued much more.

Last photograph of Abraham Lincoln, (1809-1865), 16th president of the United States of America and ... [+] Architect Leader, April 1865. Lincoln joined the Republican party in 1858 and was elected president two years later. In 1863, he proclaimed the emancipation of all slaves in the southern Confederate states and later that year restated his anti-slavery views in the Gettysburg Address. During his 1864 campaign for re-election, he embraced the abolition of slavery. He was infamously shot by actor John Wilkes Booth whilst attending the theatre in 1865. (Photo by Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Getty Images)

Abraham Lincoln optimizes the Architect Leader. He's often regarded as the greatest president ever because of his unwavering stewardship during the Civil War, and subsequent preservation of the Union. He's famed for delivering the Emancipation Proclamation, which led the way to the total abolition of slavery despite many of his cabinet secretaries criticizing it at the time for being too radical. They weren't his only critics and policy was not their only subject matter. Lincoln was ridiculed for not possessing adequate formal learning. His appearance, too, was joked upon words such as 'Idiot,' 'Yahoo,' 'Original Gorilla' frequently used. His wife said that the constant attacks caused him "great pain." Yet despite this, his persistence and courage enabled him to pioneer forward leaving behind a nation transformed and a timeless legacy.

Welsh Labour politician and Architect Leader Aneurin Bevan (1897-1960, right) addressing a National ... [+] Council of Civil Liberties meeting on the freedom of the press in Central Hall, Westminster, London, 24th April 1942. Original publication: Picture Post - 1143 - The Fight To Maintain The Freedom Of The Press - pub. 1942 (Photo by Kurt Hutton/Picture Post /Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

A similar path was tread in Britain by Aneurin Bevan a classic Architect Leader. Unlike the Philosopher style, he was not overly rigid in his approach to politics and was willing to compromise to put his ideas into practice. Though he died in 1960 and never led Party or Country, his legacy lives forever - the National Health Service (NHS). Since coming into being on July 5, 1948, his founding principle that healthcare must be free at the point of delivery based on need, not wealth, has become a bedrock of civic life and British identity. It is more popular now than at its creation, and more popular than the monarchy, the BBC and the military. Yet like Lincoln and many other Architect Leaders, his tenure was not without critics. And his frequent opposition to Winston Churchill made him unpopular with members of the electorate, leading to the regular receipt of excrement parcels at his address. Bevan never achieved the 'top job.' But he accomplished something far more valuable a legacy that continues to affect the prosperity of millions. And ultimately, isn't that what matters?

After all, we should be judging our politicians on their eulogy, not their resume.

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There Are Five Types Of Political Leader. So Which Is Donald Trump? - Forbes

What’s the Difference Between a Samurai and a Ninja? – HowStuffWorks

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In the Land of the Rising Sun, samurai movies are a century-old tradition. Pop culture frames the swordsmen as near-mythic figures. We're told samurai belonged to an elite class of Japanese warriors who always fought fair, loyally defended their medieval lords and hewed to a unifying honor code known as "bushido."

Scriptwriters thrill in pitting them against dark-robed ninja assassins. A fearsome mercenary, the standard movie ninja carries razor-sharp throwing stars and has mastered a unique martial art called "ninjutsu." Things get even hairier when the director gives him supernatural powers like flight or invisibility.

Magical talents aside, just how accurate is our modern outlook on samurai and ninjas? To find out, we interviewed three historians and learned some surprising things in the process.

Japanese history is broken down into eras and periods. Particularly relevant to our discussion are the Sengoku Period of 1467 to 1603 and the successive Tokugawa (or "Edo") Period that lasted until 1868.

The Tokugawa Period takes its name from a shogun family that assumed control of Japan in 1603. Shoguns were hereditary military dictators who'd been ruling the country since 1192. On paper, they served Japan's emperors. Yet in practice, these figures were far more powerful and it was they who truly called the shots.

Earlier centuries had been plagued by constant warfare. But things stayed calm under the Tokugawa regime. International trade was tightly regulated and the shoguns took pains to discourage political squabbling.

This was also a time when Japan redefined its relationship with samurai. As Thomas Conlan a professor of East Asian history at Princeton University told us via email, "The samurai became an identifiable social status only in the 1590s. Before then, all of society was militarized and there was no distinction between peasants and warriors."

Such ambiguity didn't sit well with General Toyotomi Hideyoshi. A game-changing warlord, he issued a nationwide "Sword-Hunt Edict" in 1588. This prohibited farmers from owning weapons of any sort. Under the new rules, only samurai and samurai alone could bear arms.

"Basically, people who were known to have fought in battles recently were considered samurai and were forbidden to go back to farming, and people who were known to be currently farming land had to surrender their weapons," says historian Nick Kapur of Rutgers University in an email. "In a lot of cases, it was self-reported and people basically got to choose."

Hideyoshi's reforms carried over into the Tokugawa Period. In effect, they laid the groundwork for a rigid, hereditary caste-like system that put samurai above artisans, peasants and merchants. By then, the feudal wars that defined the Sengoku Period had long passed. With no battles to wage, the samurai were given bureaucratic and administrative roles.

Hindsight has a way of glamorizing warfare. Just ask Sarah Thal, a historian of "early modern and modern Japan" who teaches at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

"During the long peace of the Tokugawa era, when samurai came to work more as administrators than as fighters, many romanticized the earlier times of war (in the 12th to 16th centuries for instance) when samurai actually fought," she says in an email.

The last shogun was overthrown in 1868. Afterward, Japan entered its reformative Meiji Period, which embraced industry and centralized governance. Historically, the samurai had served feudal lords and enjoyed special privileges. But all that soon changed.

"The official status of samurai was abolished in 1869 and their privileges revoked in the early 1870s," Thal explains. "With the abolition of their lords' domains, many former samurai were out of work, unable to get jobs in the new government.

"In the 1890s, they, their children, and many Japanese began trying to define a 'Way of the Samurai' that operated both as a nostalgia for the supposedly moral, good old days and as a critique of the modernizing trends of the time," Thal says.

Enter Nitobe Inaz. A diplomat and author, he radically transformed the way future generations would look at samurai. In 1899, Inaz published an influential book called "Bushido: The Soul of Japan." The text presents itself as an introduction to "bushido." According to Inaz, this was the traditional, universal code of conduct observed by real-world samurai.

Except it wasn't. "The so-called 'samurai code' of bushido did not exist in the [Sengoku] heyday of samurai warfare," Kapur notes. The word "bushido" itself wasn't coined until the peaceful Tokugawa Period.

But it's from "Bushido: The Soul of Japan" that we get some of the most pervasive myths about samurai values and behavior. "Samurai were not all the moral, noble, well-to-do spiritual swordsmen depicted in film," Thal says. "They did not have a single, coherent moral code that defined how they thought and acted."

"Just like warriors anywhere else," adds Kapur, "samurai raped and looted and pillaged and were constantly betraying their lords."

Speaking of misconceptions, it's time to talk ninjas. Supposedly, they were sellswords who performed covert operations, gathered intelligence and last, but not least assassinated people in the cover of darkness.

The neighboring Iga and Kka regions in southeastern Japan are usually cited as the training grounds where all ninjas honed their deadly skills. Sometimes, you'll even hear that ninjas formed a hereditary class or caste, not unlike the samurai.

Scores of Japanophiles, movie buffs and martial artists have embraced ninja lore. Every year, some enthusiasts get dressed up in jet-black garb to celebrate "Ninja Day" Feb. 22.

Not to rain on anyone's parade, but the storied mercenaries are ... kind of fabricated.

"Ninja as we know them today did not actually exist," Kapur says. The word ninja, he says, comes from "two Chinese characters meaning 'stealth' and 'man' ()." By the way, "shinobi" and not "nin" is how most Japanese-speakers pronounce the first character.

Medieval Japan had its share of folks who snuck into castles and embraced undercover warfare. Historical records show samurai weren't above such tactics. "We have a lot of documents about these activities, but [they] were carried out by a variety of people," Kapur says. "There was never any specialized class of assassins living in hereditary ... clans and selling their services for hire. This is pure myth which, like the myths about the samurai, was created during the long and peaceful Edo period."

Despite this, ninja fables are nothing new. "Even by the 18th 19th centuries, ninja had become a pop culture phenomenon in Japan," Thal says. "So there were all sorts of fantastic, fictional depictions in art, literature, drama and the like."

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What's the Difference Between a Samurai and a Ninja? - HowStuffWorks

Fighting for life (without parole): Death penalty abolitionists see change on the horizon – C-VILLE Weekly

In August 2006, 24-year-old William Charles Morva made national headlines when he sent the Montgomery County Police on a manhunt unlike any the town of Blacksburg had seen before.

While awaiting trial for an attempted armed robbery, Morva was taken to Montgomery Regional Hospital for minor injuries. After using the bathroom, he knocked out the deputy escorting him with a metal toilet paper dispenser, stole his gun, and fatally shot unarmed security guard Derrick McFarland before escaping the building.

As police searched the Blacksburg area for Morva, a disheveled man wearing only a blanket and boxers was spotted on the Huckleberry Trail near the Virginia Tech campus. Montgomery County Sheriffs Corporal Eric Sutphin went to check out the trail and encountered Morva, who fatally shot him.

After a 37-hour manhunt, Morva was finally captured on the trail, and was charged with two counts of capital murder. In March 2008, he was sentenced to death.

On July 6, 2017, Morva was executed by lethal injection at Greensville Correctional Center, becoming the 113th person executed in Virginia since the Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976.

Virginia plays a unique role in the history of the death penaltyits believed the first execution in America occurred in Jamestown in 1608. Since then, over 1,300 people have been executed here, more than any other state.

But times might be changing. Last January, the Virginia State Senate passed a bill banning the death penalty for defendants with severe mental illness, a bill that could have made a difference in Morvas case. It was not until after Morva was sentenced to death that a psychiatrist diagnosed him with delusional disorder, which made him falsely believe, among other things, that a former presidential administration conspired with police to imprison him, and that he was going to die in jail if he didnt escape. According to family and friends, Morvas mental health had been in a downward spiral since his father died from cancer in April 2004, leading him to drop out of high school, live in the woods, and, ultimately, engage in criminal behavior.

After Morvas appeals were denied on the state and federal level, many individuals and agencies, including the United Nations and Sutphins daughter, Rachel, petitioned then-governor Terry McAuliffe to change Morvas sentence to life in prison due to his severe mental illness. But McAuliffe declined to grant Morva clemency.

A year and a half after Morvas death, the bill banning the death penalty for the severely mentally ill passed in the state Senate with bipartisan support, 23-17. Although the House version died in committee, the Senate bill was a major victory for advocatesthe first time either chamber of the General Assembly had ever voted to limit the death penalty.

On January 30, a similar bill was reintroduced in the Virginia Senate and approved by an overwhelming margin (32-7). And with bipartisan patrons Delegate Patrick Hope (D-Arlington) and Delegate Jay Leftwich (R-Chesapeake), the House version may have a better chance of passing the Courts of Justice Committee this time.

But groups like Virginians for Alternatives to the Death Penalty dont want the momentum to stop there. In November, 13 family members of murder victimsin alliance with VADPsent a letter to the General Assembly asking lawmakers to join the 21 states (plus Washington, D.C.) that have outlawed capital punishment. This session, a bill to abolish the death penalty entirely was introduced in both chambers of the General Assembly, although it did not make it out of committee (the Senate Judiciary Committee voted to delay consideration of the bill until next year, while the House did not schedule hearings).

If Virginia abolished the death penalty, it would be one of the first Southern states to do so, and could lead the rest of the region to do the sameand bring about other crucial criminal justice reforms, advocates say.

Governor Ralph Northam has voiced his personal opposition to capital punishment, and a spokeswoman told the Richmond Times-Dispatch that if the General Assembly passed legislation to replace the death penalty with life without parole, the governor would absolutely sign it.

Could Virginia get rid of the death penalty for good?

Back in 1989, a Virginia Commonwealth University survey found that, while a majority of Virginians supported the death penalty, support decreased when given the alternative of life in prison with no possibility of parole, along with restitution to victims families.

The results spurred a group of 13 people, adamantly opposed to the death penalty, to form an advocacy group, Virginians Against State Killing, in the hope of swaying public opinion. In 1994, they changed their name to Virginians for Alternatives to the Death Penalty.

Since then, VADP has held numerous protests against the death penalty across the commonwealth, aiming to bring as much attention as possible to the many problems within the system. It has also sponsored educational programs, held vigils for those whove been executed, and lobbied the General Assemblynot just to reform the states death penalty laws, but to abolish it all together.

Though VADP has had limited influence for much of its history, it has gained more traction in the past decade, garnering greater public support and assistance from legislators, and helping to prevent the expansion of Virginias capital murder statute.

Today, the group has grown to 2,872 members, who have a range of political affiliations. Conservative membership has increased since Michael Stone, a 25-year veteran of the Catholic diocese of Richmond, became executive director in 2015.

One of the key things that Ive been focused on in my five years with [VADP] is diversifying the organization politically, he says. When I came on board, the membership was overwhelmingly moderate [and] liberal Democrats. Because of my long history with the Catholic diocese, I have really strong relationships, not only with the Catholic leadership in the state, but with a lot of evangelical and interfaith leadersas well as conservatives and Republicans.

If were going to win abolition in Virginia, it really needs to not be a partisan issue, he says.

At the diocese, Stone often worked with Bishop Walter Sullivan, who championed criminal justice reform. One day in 1984, Sullivan encouraged Stone to attend a vigil being held outside of Virginia State Penitentiary, where a man was to be executed. After much thought, Stone decided to go.

The penitentiary was on this busy, divided four-lane north-south road. And on the side where the prison was, there were about 40 of us lined up in a silent vigil holding candles, Stone says. On the other side was a group of over a hundred drunken revelers who were celebrating the execution of the man. They were holding up signs with racist messages and chanting racist things, because the man being executed that night was an African American gentleman.

It was just a very ugly scene. It struck me in that moment that there had to be something profoundly wrong with the death penalty, if that is what it could do to us as a society, he says. I came away strongly convinced that we had to end the death penalty.

Like previous directors, Stone was VADPs sole paid employee. But in 2017, after much fundraising, the group was able to hire Dale Brumfield as its field director, who has led scores of public education programs and single-handedly increased VADP membership by at least 500across the political spectrum, says Stone.

Others, like former VADP board president and capital defense attorney Matthew Engle, work directly in the courtroom. In 2015, Engle opened a private practice in Charlottesville with his partner, Bernadette Donovan. The pair represent capital murder defendants (and other serious felony cases) at the trial level across the commonwealth, and have helped reverse multiple death sentences.

Engles fight against the death penalty began many years earlier, while he was an undergraduate at Cleveland State University, where he worked at a residential treatment unit that helped former inmates reintegrate into society. He saw first-hand how ex-offenders could be rehabilitated and learned that people who have been convicted of crimes, even very serious violent crimes, are often not that different than the rest of us, he says.

[That] really got me thinking about the death penalty and realizing that a lot of the people I was getting to know and really enjoyed working with, but for a few lucky breaks, could have been sentenced to death, Engle says. It made me really feel it was not something I could support.

After graduating from Washington & Lee School of Law in 2001, Engle went on to work for the Virginia Capital Representation Resource Center in Charlottesville and for the Capital Defender Office of Northern Virginia, providing representation to those facing the death penalty. In 2010, he became legal director of the UVA law schools Innocence Project, both teaching at UVA and representing many wrongfully convicted inmates.

In addition to the several organizations, like Engles, that have been advocating against the death penalty in Virginia for years, VADP is joined in its fight by the ACLU of Virginia. Since the national ACLU became active in Virginia in the 1960s, its Virginia affiliate has voiced its opposition to the death penalty through public education, litigation, and advocacy.

It has challenged (unsuccessfully) Virginias policy of keeping all death row inmates in solitary confinement, and fought to reverse the death sentence of William Morva.

That is a person who undoubtedly in my mind was put to death suffering from very severe mental illness, says Bill Farrar, director of strategic communications for the ACLU of Virginia. It makes me tremendously sad, personally, to think about a person who was strapped down to a table and had poison injected into his veins, and no idea what was happening to him or why.

Those in favor of the death penalty often say they want justice for the families of murder victims. And some victims families do push for capital punishment. Unlike her granddaughter, Eric Sutphins mother, Jeaneen Sutphin, wanted Morva to be executed, though she felt empathy for his family.

I have no hatred for this creature who shot him execution-style, she told the Richmond Times-Dispatch about Morva, shortly before his execution date. I just want justice for my son.

But not all families of murder victims feel that the penalty brings them justice.

In 2001, Lucy and Terry Smith were brutally tortured and murdered in their home in Ephrata, Pennsylvania, by their 17-year-old adopted son, Michael Bourgeois, and his 19-year-old friend, Landon May.

Linell Patterson, Terrys daughter (and Lucys stepdaughter), was only 19 at the time. She had just moved to Virginia to attend Eastern Mennonite University when the murders occurred.

Her parents deaths rocked Patterson, and her then-21-year-old sister Megan Smith, to their core. Patterson felt both clashes of anger and deepest sadness, she says, and that no one could understand what they were going through.

Bourgeois pleaded guilty to two counts of first-degree murder, and was sentenced to life in prison without parole (later changed to 80-years-to-life due to changes in juvenile sentencing laws). However, because May did not plead guilty to all of his charges, he was put on trial by jury, which Patterson and her family attended.

[When] we had a meeting with the prosecuting attorney [Craig Stedman], he sat us down and told us what to expect. It was very clear he knew what he was doing. He was very confident [and] calming, she says. He felt like he was our person.

But then he asked us how we felt about the death penalty, [and] my sister and I [said] we dont want to be a part of that, she says. His tone changed very, very quicklyand he made it absolutely clear that regardless of how we felt, he was going to pursue the death penaltyOur opinions didnt actually matter.

Throughout Mays trial, Patterson says, Stedman continuously talked about how he was seeking justice for the Smiths family, and it felt to her like he was lying and using them. She felt even more adamantly opposed to the penalty after meeting Mays family, who were just as devastated, connecting with them through their shared grief.

I just will not forgot that noise that came out of that line of women when it was announced that Landon was to have the death penalty, Patterson says. I had also made that noise. I had also cried in that same way.

After Mays trial (and through the years of legal appeals that come with a death penalty conviction), Patterson experienced a whole range of emotions, and felt that she had nowhere to put them. She began reaching out to and meeting with other family members of murder victims, who she found to be incredibly nurturing.

They were living very similar experiences, but also they were much further along in their process and had a sense of healing that was inspiring. I was able to visually see what it looked like to have this kind of trauma occur, and then continue to live a life that is based on joy, and calmness, and social justice, Patterson says. Thats something that I wanted.

She also began researching the numerous injustices within the death penalty system, leading her to connect with anti-death penalty groupsincluding VADP, where she later served on the board.

Since then, Patterson has shared her story with a host of schools, legislators, and organizations, and written many op-eds against the death penalty. Shes also gotten married, and moved to Harrisonburg. Her work as a nurse practitioner keeps her quite busy, but she still makes time to be involved with VADP.

Though her advocacy against the death penalty has brought her healing, Mays impending executionin the name of justice for her and her familystill haunts Patterson to this day. It wont bring her parents back or bring them justice, she says, only making a whole other family grieve in the same way.

I understand when people want the death penalty. Its not that I havent struggled with those feelings, she says. But all that means is that some people want it, and some people dont. You have to strip that away and explore the actual system, and then you find out that the system stinks. Its not functional, and it makes a ton of mistakes.

Like Patterson, Rachel Sutphin, who was 9 when Morva gunned down her father, has continued to advocate against the death penalty. Now a student at Columbia Theological Seminary, she has signed a joint letter with a dozen other surviving family members of murder victims asking the new General Assembly to end the death penalty.

Instead of supporting my family and me when we needed it the most, the Commonwealth devoted its resources to the trial and appeals that lasted more than 10 years. Year after year, I was retraumatized by the uncertainty and was repeatedly forced to relive the worst day of my life, she wrote in an op-ed for The Washington Post. Morvas execution brought no solace to me, but it strengthened my resolve that the death penalty needs to be abolishedto value and protect human life.

For the first time since the Gallup poll began asking Americans for their stance on the death penalty, in 1985, a majority of Americans today are opposed to itwhen life without parole is also on the table.

In 2019, 60 percent of Americans surveyed, across a wide range of demographics and party lines, chose life without possibility of parole as the better penalty for murder over the death penalty. Thirty-six percent opted for capital punishment.

Thats a big shift even since the last Gallup poll, in 2014, when 50 percent of Americans said the death penalty was the better penalty for murder, and 45 percent favored life in prison.

While some states, like Wisconsin and Minnesota, abolished the death penalty many decades ago, this change in public opinion can be reflected in other states more recent actions. Washington and New Hampshire abolished the death penalty in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Also in 2019, California governor Gavin Newsom ordered a moratorium on executions in the state, which currently has 737 inmates on death row, for as long as he is governor. (The death penalty can only be abolished by California voters, a move they narrowly rejected in 2016.)

And in Virginia, no juries have handed down the death penalty in more than eight years.

Stone attributes this overall decline in public support and use of capital punishment to the rise in awareness of its numerous issues, especially when the system gets it wrong.

Since 1973, 167 death-row inmates, 87 of them black, have been exonerated of all charges. According to a 2014 study by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1 in every 25 people sentenced to death is innocentan error rate of 4.1 percent.

As the Death Penalty Information Center notes, its impossible to know how many of the 1,513 people executed in the United Sates since 1976 (when the death penalty was reinstated) were innocent. However, it lists over a dozen executed inmates who were possibly innocent, as well as several who were pardoned after their executions.

People have also become more aware that people of color are more likely to be given the death sentence than white people, Carissa Phillips, VADPs secretary, says, pointing to recent television shows and movies like Just Mercy that expose the racism within the death penalty system.

According to The Intercept, from 2009 to 2018, 60 percent of defendants given the death penalty were people of color. And today, while black people make up only 13.4 percent of the total population, they make up roughly 41 percent of those on death row, per the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Funds 2019 report.

A person is also much more likely to receive the death penalty if the murder victim is white. Ever since executions have been carried out exclusively for murder, 75 percent of death penalty convictions have involved the murder of white victimseven though black and white people are equally as likely to be victims of murder.

And, as Engle notes, the death penalty disproportionately affects the poor.

What I have learned from the cases that Ive worked on, the single biggest factor that determines whether or not somebody gets sentenced to death isnt how bad they are [or] how heinous or awful the crime is[but] how effective the defense lawyers are, he says, putting thoseespecially black peoplewho cannot afford to hire a good lawyer at a grave disadvantage.

Largely because of the lengthy legal process involved, the death penalty is also far more expensive than life without parole. Like many other advocates, Stone believes the millions of dollars going towards death penalty cases should instead go towards services for victims families, from funeral costs to counseling, and programs that effectively prevent acts of violence.

There really is no evidence that the death penalty prevents violent crime in any way, he says. In fact, the murder rates in abolition states tend to be significantly lower than the murder rates in death penalty states.

In addition, the years of mandatory appeals and uncertainty continue to traumatize murder victims family members, as well as the other people involved in the criminal justice system, Stone says.

Stone points, in particular, to the executioner, who has to administer the lethal injection and actually end the life of someone who is helpless, strapped to a gurney. He says that performing executions can traumatize them over time. Former VADP board member Jerry Givens was an executioner in Virginia for 17 years, and still wonders if he ever killed an innocent person.

People dont realize that [for] the people that have to carry these things out, thats a burden on them, Givens says. Its no machine; its a human being that has to take another human beings life.

Before working in the system, Givens used to think that people that take other peoples lives deserve to have their life taken as well. However, he realized that the death penalty was not right after seeing that innocent people were being sentenced to deathlike Anthony Ray Hinton, a black man who was wrongly convicted of murder and held on Alabamas death row for 28 years.

Think about the people thats incarcerated now. Were they given a fair trial? Is there such a thing as a fair trial in the American criminal justice system? he says. The system is broken.

To Givens, the death penalty only shows the world that killing is okay, and it must be ended.

As much as public opinion has shifted, there are still significant numbers of prosecutors and politicians, as well as average Americans, who believe those convicted of capital offenses deserve to die, and that their deaths bring true justice to victims and their families.

Republican Delegate Matt Fariss, who represents the 59th District (including parts of Albemarle), says he wishes we didnt need the death penalty, but supports it in some egregious cases, such as violent gang and drug related [cases] and sexual abuse cases that end in murder.

There just needs to be stiff enough penalties that people realize when theyre heading down these paths, that theyre heading down the wrong path, he says.

Fariss also believes not having the death penalty for egregious cases does an injustice to victims families.

There needs to be some accountability and responsibility to the victims, he says. I just dont know how I could ever look a victims family in the eye and tell them that their loved ones life was less important than the person who took it.

But with the Democratic takeover of Virginias legislature, in addition to growing bipartisan support, advocates see reform as only a matter of time.

The death penalty is in its last days here in Virginia, says Stone. We are cautiously optimistic that there will be a serious floor debate on death penalty abolition in at least one chamber of the General Assembly in the next session.

If an abolition bill is not passed this legislative session, Phillips believes it could happen within the next year or two, while Engle sees it happening most likely within the next decade.

Others like Farrar say that its difficult to determine the political will to abolish the death penalty in Richmond, on the part of both Democrats and Republicans. And, as shown by other states, it can take years of political battles to get abolition passed.

For some, theres a real urgency to make real changes as quickly as we can, and for some, theres a desire to do that in a more incremental way, says Farrar. There is momentum on a national level away from the death penalty but, historically Virginia, especially in its criminal justice system, hasnt really looked to other states as something to follow.

In the meantime, advocates like Patterson are committed to keeping up the fight.

The movement has given her a sense of purpose when there has been very little purpose, she says. To succeed in abolishing the death penalty would feel a sense of accomplishment in that I have been a part of something that mattersIt would feel like we are stepping towards social justice.

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Fighting for life (without parole): Death penalty abolitionists see change on the horizon - C-VILLE Weekly

Pupils from St Francis Primary School in Nailsea set up museum to showcase work on history of town | Latest educational news in Somerset – North…

PUBLISHED: 10:00 07 February 2020 | UPDATED: 12:49 07 February 2020

Vicky Angear

Year3 pupils from St Francis Primary School with models they have made for a local history museum in their classroom. Picture: MARK ATHERTON

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Young historians from St Francis Primary School have been studying various buildings and key figures in the town.

The pupils researched significant times in the history of Nailsea including the important work of Hannah More - a champion of social reform, female education and the abolition of slavery - and the use of the tithe barn.

Pupils made a range of items, from posters and models to baked goods, and invited them to the History of Nailsea museum to see their work.

A school spokesman said: "Over the weeks the children worked on projects to showcase their knowledge, this ranged from posters to models, and even baking.

"The children's museum was a hit and they loved showing off what they know. Some of them have even entered their work into the Nailsea Young Historian competition."

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Pupils from St Francis Primary School in Nailsea set up museum to showcase work on history of town | Latest educational news in Somerset - North...

Britain and unionism now officially creating a hierarchy of victims – The Irish News

The British Secretary of State for the north recently signed legislation to establish a payments scheme for people injured during the Troubles. However, the caveat added that this only applies to those affected through no fault of their own is a direct contradiction of the definition of a victim in the 2006 Victims and Survivors Order and a clear attempt by the British and unionism to control the narrative, manipulate the entire process and in effect establish a hierarchy of victims to suit their own agenda. This is simply unacceptable and doesnt take a degree in astrophysics to see how it will work.

Throughout the conflict Britain ran nefarious, shadowy undercover cells in the north like the Military Reaction Force, Special Reconnaissance Unit, 14th Intelligence Company and Force Research Unit. In 2013 Panorama aired a documentary about the MRF and drew on interviews from former members who admitted that they shot unarmed civilians without warning and at random. The existence of these secretive groups has never been admitted nor have their activities been investigated. However, under the legislation proposed by the Tory government there will be nothing to stop former members of these state paramilitary militias and other intelligence operatives who controlled and armed loyalist murder gangs from applying and getting a legacy payment for physical and/or mental health issues brought on by their service in the north. It will be ensured, more than likely through new legislative clauses that their conditions will come under no fault of their own.

In comparison 17 men, women and children were killed during the Troubles by rubber and plastic bullets. Hundreds more were injured and maimed through the use of these weapons. Many of those affected were hit by the British army and RUC firing recklessly in built-up, urban areas and often in a totally random manner. A lot of victims were also deliberately targeted and many of them were totally innocent people who have been left with life changing injuries as well as severe psychological issues. Under the British proposals victims of rubber/plastic bullets will more than likely fall foul of the no fault of their own clause as they will in all probability be blamed for their own predicament by the terms of the scheme and seen to be responsible for their conditions by those responsible for overseeing the process.

So we could have the surreal situation where British operatives who killed innocent people could get a legacy pension while civilians who were maimed by the same state forces will get nothing. This is Britain and unionism officially creating a hierarchy of victims, telling many people they simply dont matter and that their suffering means nothing.

S BURNSBelfast BT15

Revision of code of conduct for Spads may prove an exercise in futility

The return of Stormont has seen a few fresh faces introduced to the chambers along with these novices return the main protagonists of the previous administration. Although for some of the former ministers albeit in a somewhat reduced capacity. There was also a proposed revision of the code of conduct pertaining to unelected special advisers which one can only assume is to prevent individuals from going on solo runs. The suggested revision may prove an exercise in futility. Also extremely worrying and wholly incongruous with the spirit of the New Decade, New Approach is the return of former Spads to highly paid positions. An example of this is Peter Robinsons former adviser who left the job collecting a generous pay-out along with a handsome pension, before going on to pursue a career as an MP, a venture which failed miserably. And in line with the culture of preferentialism this temporary civil servant has returned as special adviser to the First Minister with a further eye-watering salary of 85,000 pa. With an anticipated 40,000 compensation package for being unelected this surely is strengthening the union democracy at work eh.

KEVIN McCANNBelfast BT1

Sinn Fin as normal as Fianna Fil

Fianna Fil leader Michel Martin considers Sinn Fin not a normal democratic party. Fine Gael taoiseach Leo Varadkar agrees. Do they think it is, as Fianna Fil taoiseach Sean Lemass said of his party in 1926, a slightly constitutional party?

Fine Gaels predecessor Cumann na nGaedheal, prior to and during its proto-fascist 1930s Blueshirt period, said worse about Fianna Fil than is alleged about Sinn Fin today. They advertised in 1932, The gunmen and communists are voting for Fianna Fil today. It is acknowledged that Fianna Fil came to power with substantial IRA support, when the IRA was a mass organisation with thousands of members.

Fianna Fils policies resulted in a huge increase in public house-building and a significant, sustained, increase in the industrial workforce. The policies were characterised as disastrous pie-in-the-sky fantasies that would bankrupt the state. Cumann na nGaedheal was as opposed to Fianna Fils abolition of the oath of allegiance in the Dil to the British sovereign, as are both FF and FG today to Sinn Fins proposal for a border poll.

A knowledge of history and a sense of perspective would not go amiss.

NIALL MEEHANDublin 7

Young voters in charge

The youthful Eire voters are having their day in the sun.

What with a couple of referendums under their belts and now the intoxicating whiff of cordite emanating from Sinn Feins recent past, that section of voters could well believe they are in charge of everything, or perhaps nothing?

ROBERT SULLIVANBantry, Co Cork

Out of touch with electorate

Nothing better illustrates the extent to which Fine Gael and Fianna Fil are out of touch with the people of the country than, on the one hand, their desire that Sinn Fin be part of an administration in Northern Ireland, but on the other hand, their refusal to have them as a coalition partner in government in the Republic.

J ANTHONY GAUGHANBlackrock, Co Dublin

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Britain and unionism now officially creating a hierarchy of victims - The Irish News

Gay refugee fears he would be killed if he went home – Kent Live

Ali was just seven years old when he and his mother left his home country of Ivory Coast in West Africa.

First they travelled up through Burkina Faso, then Mali, Algeria and Morocco before making the dangerous boat trip across the Mediterranean to Spain.

At every point in the journey Ali says his mother had to take work to earn enough money to support them on the next leg of their trip. It took years.

Ali was twelve when they arrived in Morocco and fourteen when they made the crossing to Spain.

Ali says he always knew he was gay and, although he never discussed it with his mother, hes sure she knew too.

He said: "I had friends who were boys in Algeria and sometimes I hugged them but my mother told me I had to stop because she was worried I would get into trouble.

"I understood that I had to hide it.

Ali arrived in the UK when he was 16 and has been here ever since.

Hes 21 now and says that even when he arrived in the UK he wasnt able to come out.

I had hidden it for a long time and I was scared of how people would react. I didnt tell anyone.

But eventually, Ali said a friend asked him if he was gay and told him that he should come out.

He also importantly pointed out that he should tell his solicitor, who was helping him apply for refugee status.

Aldi said it was a relief.

He told his solicitor and that formed the basis of his asylum application.

Last year he was granted refugee status and he says it lifted a huge burden from his shoulders.

For a long time he had faced being forcibly returned to the Ivory Coast a country he had not lived in for many years and where he would have faced persecution.

He said: If you are gay in Ivory Coast they will never let you live in peace.

"You cant work and they will beat you. Maybe you will die."

LGBT History Month is an annual month-long observance of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender history, and the history of the gay rights and related civil rights movements.

It's aim is to raise awareness of, and combat prejudice against the LGBT community while celebrating its achievement and diversity and making it more visible.

The event was launched in the UK in the wake of the abolition of Section 28 - a clause in the Local Governance Act that banned authorities from " intentionally promote homosexuality or publish material with the intention of promoting homosexuality".

It has widespread support and includes the Met Police, Amnesty International and the CPS among its sponsors.

But living in Folkestone, Ali said life is different now.

He said: "For the first time in my life I am free. I dont have to pretend. I can be myself and I am happy.

Ali is now able to work and has a full time job working in recycling.

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He is also involved in the local gay community and really enjoys events like the annual Folkestone Pride.

He added: When I am at Pride I really feel proud. I am proud of myself and I am proud to live in Folkestone. This is my home now.

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Gay refugee fears he would be killed if he went home - Kent Live

City of London Corporation forced to confront winds of change – Telegraph.co.uk

Tim Hailes was partway through his interview for Lord Mayor of the City of London when the grandees on the panel started to ask questions about his personal life.

The prestigious ambassadorial role involves flying around the world to meet business leaders and politicians, entertaining visiting dignitaries over dinner and being the public face of the 950-year-old City of London Corporation that runs and represents Londons financial district.

How would he, as the first openly gay man to potentially hold the role, prevent the post from being "hijacked" by lobby groups representing those communities, panellists wanted to know? And who would be his official "consort at events?

Hailes succeeded in the interview and chose to defer his candidacy to take up another role yet the questions from the interview in 2018 sparked concernamong equalitiescampaigners when they emerged in the Financial Timeslast month.

The reports have triggered a review into the mayoral selection process and shine a light on tensions at the heart of the Corporation, the governing body of the Square Mile,as it tries to modernise.

Attitudes towards minorities arenot the only challenge that lies ahead, with the Corporations role, structure and transparency subject to growing debate as the world gets less deferential to tradition and more critical of authorities.

In a sign of how seriously concerns are being taken, Lord Lisvane, the former clerk of the House of Commons, has also beenasked to conduct a sweeping governance review.

"There's only so long an anachronism can last," said Graham Harrower, who was elected to the Corporation in 2015 and is one of the more radical of growing band of reformist councillors challenging their more traditional peers.

"Increasingly the winds of change are blowing around Guildhall. It's just that some of those inside haven't heard it. I think meaningful reform will have to come from the outside, he says.

The Corporation stretches back to the rights, independence and privileges granted by William the Conqueror to the burgeoning trading centre in London in the 11th century.

Successive monarchs relied on the wealthy centre for loans and strengthened its rights, helping what became the Corporation survive threats of reform or abolition under the Stuarts, the Victorians and, more recently, Labour's shadow chancellor John McDonnell.

It has emerged with exceptional powers, wealth and arcane traditionsthat help it be effective but also fuel criticisms of an "old boys network"that hastoo much power as well as conspiracy theories."You don't have to scratch very deep on the internet to find people who think the corporation is one step away from Bildeburg and run by lizards," says one former councillor.

Unlike other local authorities, the Corporation oversees the City's own police force, Lord Mayor a ceremonial yet powerful figure outranked only by the Queen and an office in parliament to represent the City's views to MPs.

Funded by taxpayers as well as its own property and investments, the Corporation is run by 100 councillors and 25 alderman. Unlike in other local authorities, they are unpaid, typically stand as independents rather than for a political party, and are voted for by workers as well as by residents. They are supported by more than 100 historic, wealthy livery companies representing trades from haberdashers to fishmongers.

Its activities range from the routine work of local authorities sprucing up parks and sponsoring schools to vast charitable giving and representing the powerhouse of the UK's economy on the world stage.

Those roles don't always sit easily together. The Corporation was accused of bowingto China when Taiwan, which is at odds with China over independence, was prevented from taking part in the annual parade to mark the election of a new Lord Mayor in 2019.

How well residents and ordinary workers are represented; the vast number of councillors; whether councillors should be paid; the lengthy and expensive Lord Mayoral selection process are all simmering sources of disagreement and areas ripe for reform, according to councillors.

"In the absence of party politics all politics is personal, it all gets a bit more tribal, a bit more catty, says one former councillor.

"The vast number of councillors meant that in reality the discussions took place not in the committee but between informal groups of members," says another.

The furore around the questioning of Hailes is not the only sign of tension within the council on the issue of diversity.A voluntary charter asking members to actively promote diversity had been been signed by about 70 members of the 100-strong court of common council, as of January. Among the signatories isleading councillor Edward Lord (who asks in work correspondence to be referred to by the pronouns "they/them" rather than "he/him).

"It's not because we are riven with bigots but because they [the charter] have gone too far," says one councillor. "The City actually bends over backwards to be inclusive and diverse," insistsanother former councillor.

The Corporation led by Catherine McGuinnessas chair of the powerful policy and resources committeeaims to get women into 45pc of senior positions by 2023, a target many feel is not ambitious enough. It also wants at least 30pc of candidates standing for the 2021 election to be women and 15pc to be black and ethnic minority, stressing that it aims to "reflect the communities we serve".

As it stares down the next decade, the City is also facing financial challenges, with plans to raise debt for the first time to fund new infrastructure projects. A moratorium on recruitment wasin place as recently as January.

The review being run by Lord Lisvane, a member of one of the trade guilds connected to the Corporation, and will report its initial findings in May. The City says it aims to ensure governance arrangements are "efficient, fair, transparent and accountable".Some critics want a root and branch overhaul.

Harrower says: "The fundamental problem with the City Corporation is that it combines the disparate and conflicting functions of a local authority, a representative of the financial city, a regulator of the livery companies, a major charity, a subsidised private club for its elected members and a freemasons meeting place. The solution is the disaggregation/abolition of those functions."

In whatever form, reform is likely to be slow and painful. The City is "incredibly resistant" to change, says one councillor, with changes such as relaxing dress codes for private functions long in the making.

Sir Mark Boleat, who chaired the policy and resources committee between 2012 to 2017, says he steered clear of the big structural or constitutional changes as they would have consumed his time in office, instead focusing on boosting the City's presence around the world and other more pressing matters.

"I think the Corporation works very effectively but if I had a clean sheet of paper, you would not have 125 members and 25 alderman. But did it get in the way of what I wanted to do? No," he says.

"You would not invent the City of London, absolutely not, but then you would not invent a lot of things.To people who say it should not exist, I would always say, what is the practical problem you are trying to solve?"

A Corporation spokesman said Hailes had voluntarily deferred his candidacy for Lord Mayor, stressing that the body fully supports the LGBT community, taking part in Pride celebrations and flying the rainbow flag. It has also signed up to several initiatives to promote diversity, and has amended recruitment and staffing procedures, such as better maternity pay and diversity training.

The spokesman adds:The City of London Corporation is determined to improve the diversity of its elected membership and is committed to becoming more inclusive and representative of the communities that it serves in the Square Mile and beyond.

We recognise that there is much more to do and will be taking further steps to encourage a diverse range of candidates for City elections. This is a major focus for the City Corporation and will build on initiatives in recent years to engage more people in the Citys democratic processes.

We are determined to ensure there are no barriers to any member of our community standing for elected office to the City of London Corporation.

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City of London Corporation forced to confront winds of change - Telegraph.co.uk