A 360-degree approach to getting the perfect glowy skin this summer – Emirates Woman

The glow

When it comes to supplements, are we too reliant on these miracle capsules for skin-deep beauty? We look at a 360-degree approach instead.

Over the years of curating our routines and discovering hero products that deliver exactly what we need, one thing we all have come to realise is that beauty isnt only skin-deep. There has been an evolution of products on the market that promise to nourish our complexion, and they are not just the formulas you apply on the surface. Many well-known brands have extended their skincare lines beyond topical products by introducing supplements that help tackle concerns from the inside. See it as a 360-degree approach to your daily routine.

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Some specialists believe that topical products only address around 20 per cent of skin issues, which naturally forces us to look to supplements as well as personal habits. Skin is the largest organ of our body. It is meant to protect us, but it is also a mirror a mirror that reflects our health and the faults in the body, Zuzana Hrdinova, a Lifestyle Consultant and Health Coach, explains.

Despite the nutritional supplement market being a multi-billion-dollar industry, the data to support the use of most of these products is poor. There is very little evidence that any supplement or a multivitamin can reverse the course of a disease or play a role in our skin health, she adds.

Shirley DSouza, a Certified Ketogenic & Primal living coach, agrees that there are a lot of decoy supplements out there in the market, especially when claiming a whole list of benefits, but does believe some supplements can be beneficial in replenishing the nutrients that are lost through the agricultural process.

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Supplements may be useful for people who are unable to get adequate nutrition from diet alone, adds health coach, Sheetal Ramchandani. For example, it is recommended that vegans take a supplement of vitamin B12 since it isnt adequately available in plant foods and some specific conditions, like gastrointestinal issues that can affect nutrient absorption, call for more than high nutrition and require extra support that supplements can provide.

Zinc is one of the widely recommended supplements that support the immune system, while Omega 3 repairs the skin barrier. Iron can also be extremely beneficial, especially for those prone to eczema or psoriasis. But like with anything, seeking professional advice is the best way for you to know for sure that what you are taking is beneficial, as Hrdinova points out: If you take calcium, magnesium or zinc, but you are deficient in Vitamin D, you will not be absorbing those minerals and hence you will not see any results.

Vitamin C and E are emerging as skincare heroes among the beauty insiders as they are seen as powerful antioxidants. Collagen supplements are also on the rise. As we age, we produce less collagen that results in wrinkles and loss of skin elasticity. It is still hard to judge whether the collagen you ingest will have the same properties when it reaches your skin as the digestion process breaks it down, so perhaps its more beneficial to look at products that encourage collagen production. Chicken soup, for example, is rich in amino acids which encourages our bodies to produce collagen. One big change I would add to a diet is bone broth chicken or beef which is full of collagen but more importantly full of electrolytes and has properties that help, our gut health a lot more. Our gut health is important as it is our main communication to the brain, hormones and nerves, DSouza reveals.

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It appears that all of our supplement trails lead us back to something we can easily change our diet. There are certain nutrients that help us to get the look of glowing, healthier skin and slow down the ageing process, Hrdinova explains. Essentials are vitamin C, E, A, antioxidants, essential fatty acids, copper, zinc, selenium, but also vitamin B and iron. All these nutrients are available in a balanced diet. My advice for anybody who wants to have smoother and clearer complexion and glossy, silky hair is to eat healthy food including lots of fruit and vegetables, drink sufficient water, exercise frequently, get out in the fresh air, get proper rest and learn to manage your stress levels.

DSouza also champions a healthy lifestyle, promoting a balanced diet and cutting down on junk food. Cucumber and kale added to our diet has properties of naturally hydrating our skin, the nutrient silica is a trace mineral found in high levels inside cucumbers, she explains. Silica contributes to the growth and maintenance of connective tissue throughout your body.

We need to limit eating things in plastic or packets with long shelf life and eat more natural basic ingredients, she continues. If you cannot pronounce the additive or do not know the added preservative do not eat it.

Hrdinova echoes this saying, Excessive consumption of refined sugars and artificial sweetener and trans fats (fried food) can cause inflammation which may lead to a breakdown in collagen and elastin and have a negative impact on the skins strength and elasticity. Too much of caffeine from coffee or energy drinks have an impact on the hormonal levels in our body and may lead to breakouts of acne.

The only additional supplement DSouza would add for a glowing complexion is a probiotic at least with a minimum of 1 billion colony forming units and containing either genus Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium or Saccharomyces boulardii.

Looking at the busy skincare industry promising a miracle solution with every new launch, it is easy to become overwhelmed at the options that are before you. The bottom line, take a closer look at your diet, seek advice if you want to introduce supplements, and continue to enhance your skincare routine. A glowing and healthy complexion requires attention from all angles, especially if you want to achieve long-lasting results.

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A 360-degree approach to getting the perfect glowy skin this summer - Emirates Woman

Weight Loss Dietary Supplements Market Size By Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies And Forecast Up To…

New Jersey, United States,- Latest update on Weight Loss Dietary Supplements Market Analysis report published with extensive market research, Weight Loss Dietary Supplements Market growth analysis, and forecast by 2026. this report is highly predictive as it holds the overall market analysis of topmost companies into the Weight Loss Dietary Supplements industry. With the classified Weight Loss Dietary Supplements market research based on various growing regions, this report provides leading players portfolio along with sales, growth, market share, and so on.

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Global Marine Omega-3 Market 2020 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updated Analysis By Product (Marine Animals Source Omega-3, Marine Plant Source Omega-3); By…

Global Marine Omega-3 Market Report Industry Analysis, Market Size, Historical-Current-Future Trends, Competitive Landscape and Forecasts to 2026

The markets growth and development depends on the factors such as the modernization and the current technological advancements. This research study on the Marine Omega-3 market has considered all these aspects and the information provided is based on the current market trends. TheMarine Omega-3 marketreport includes all the minute and important information about the Marine Omega-3 market which aids the clients to rethink on their current market strategies and implement new ones as per the market standards. The major data points that are mentioned in the Marine Omega-3 report includes the growth factors, limitations of the market, future market opportunities, market challenges, and others. All these facts about the market are explained in detail so as to the client understands the market condition easily.

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The major market players that are operating in the Marine Omega-3 market areDSM, BASF, EPAX, Golden Omega, TASA, Omega Protein, Croda, KD Pharma (Marine Ingredients), GC Rieber, Polaris, Auqi, Kinomega, Skuny, Xinzhou, Anti-Cancer, Sinomega, Orkla Health, LYSI, OLVEA Fish Oils, Hofseth BioCare, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Bioprocess Algae, Shandong Yuwang Pharmaceutical, Maruha Nichiro Foods, Solutex. The market has been segmented based onMarine Animals Source Omega-3, Marine Plant Source Omega-3. The market segmentation is not only restricted toDietary Supplements, Fortified Food and Beverage, Infant Formula, Pharmaceuticals, Pet Foods, Othersbut also includes the sub segments which also contributes to the market growth and development. The geographical prominence of the Marine Omega-3 market is categorized into Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. Again the market data is not restricted to regional presence but every prominent country-wise data is also included for understanding the Marine Omega-3 market in-depth.

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Vitamin P: Overview, Benefits, and More – Healthline

Vitamin P is a term that was once used for a group of plant compounds called flavonoids. However, these compounds are not actually vitamins.

There are several types of flavonoids found in fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, and wine. They give certain foods their color, provide plants with protection from ultraviolet (UV) rays and infection, and may offer health benefits (1).

This article provides an overview of vitamin P, including info on the different categories of flavonoids, food sources, and possible benefits.

Flavonoids, also known as bioflavonoids, are a family of polyphenol plant compounds with six subclasses. There are currently over 6,000 known flavonoids (2).

When first extracted from an orange by scientists in 1930, they were thought to be a new type of vitamin and, therefore, named vitamin P. This name is no longer used, as flavonoids are not vitamins (1).

Flavonoids exist in plants to help prevent infection, protect against the sun and environmental stresses, and attract insects for pollination. Theyre also responsible for the color of many deep-colored fruits and vegetables, such as berries, cherries, and tomatoes (1).

Here are the major classes of flavonoids and their food sources:

The major classes of flavonoids include flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, isoflavones, and anthocyanidins. Different types of flavonoids are abundant in fruits, vegetables, red wine, cocoa, and teas.

Flavonoids are thought to offer a variety of health benefits and help prevent heart disease, diabetes, and other diseases.

Perhaps the best-studied function of flavonoids is their ability to act as antioxidants. They have been shown to reduce the formation of reactive molecules called free radicals, which can lead to cell damage and disease (1, 3).

Most research on the benefits of flavonoids has been conducted in test tubes. Thus, the activity of flavonoids in the body is not well understood.

In fact, its generally thought that theyre poorly absorbed and not very bioavailable.

For one, it appears that your metabolism largely influences the bioavailability of flavonoids in your body. They may also be rapidly excreted (4, 5).

When flavonoids are consumed, theyre broken down into compounds called metabolites. Some of these metabolites may exhibit properties similar to those of the flavonoid from which they were derived, but others do not (4, 5).

Whats more, studies suggest that whether flavonoids are consumed with carbs, proteins, or fats can affect their bioavailability and absorption. These factors are also affected by the composition of your gut bacteria (6, 7).

Thus, its difficult to determine how and whether a particular flavonoid affects human health.

While limitations exist, some human studies suggest that flavonoids have possible health benefits.

Below are some of those benefits, many of which stem from their antioxidant activity, as well as other mechanisms that are not fully understood:

While results from some observational studies suggest that flavonoids may help protect against disease, more extensive research is needed to fully understand how flavonoids affect human health.

Furthermore, this article highlights just a few of the possible health benefits of flavonoids. A growing body of research is examining the functions of flavonoids, as well as the specific classes of flavonoids.

Flavonoids are thought to offer a number of health benefits, but most research has been conducted in test tubes. Some observational studies in humans suggest that they may boost brain health and decrease the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

Currently, there is no Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for flavonoids, as theyre not considered essential for human development. A diet rich in healthy, whole foods will naturally contain flavonoids and contribute to good health (11).

Therefore, supplemental versions are unnecessary, but they do exist. Some of the most common flavonoid supplements include quercetin, flavonoid complexes, and rutin (12).

Theres no standardized dosage for flavonoid supplements, and each kind may have specific instructions for its use. The side effects and potential dangers of many of these supplements are unknown.

Experts warn that while theres no risk of toxicity from the amount of flavonoids commonly consumed through food, there may be risks associated with high dose supplements (11).

High doses of flavonoids may negatively affect thyroid function, interact with medications, and affect levels of other nutrients in your body (12).

Whats more, supplements are not tightly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and, therefore, can be contaminated or contain amounts of flavonoids that differ from whats reported on their labels.

Finally, many research studies have shown that eating whole foods that contain certain nutrients offer greater benefits than their supplement-form counterparts.

If you want to try a supplement, consult your healthcare provider, especially if youre pregnant or breastfeeding.

Flavonoids are widely available in foods, but supplements are available. These supplements are not regulated and may have unknown harmful side effects. Always consult a healthcare provider before trying one.

Flavonoids, once known as vitamin P, are a large class of plant compounds found in deeply colored fruits, vegetables, cocoa, tea, and wine.

Studies suggest that they act as antioxidants and may help protect against chronic diseases. However, the beneficial effects of flavonoids in the human body may be limited by metabolism and other factors.

To reap the possible benefits of flavonoids, eat a variety of plant foods. Supplements are also available, but they should only be taken after consulting a healthcare provider, as their effects are not well understood.

Eating a variety of whole foods that are good sources of flavonoids is likely more beneficial to your overall health.

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Vitamin P: Overview, Benefits, and More - Healthline

Increase in the Adoption of Vegan Vitamins and Supplements to Propel the Growth of the Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market Between 2020-2030 – 3rd…

The research study presented here is a brilliant compilation of different types of analysis of critical aspects of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market. It sheds light on how the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market is expected to grow during the course of the forecast period. With SWOT analysis and Porters Five Forces analysis, it gives a deep explanation of the strengths and weaknesses of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market and different players operating therein. The authors of the report have also provided qualitative and quantitative analyses of several microeconomic and macroeconomic factors impacting the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market. In addition, the research study helps to understand the changes in the industry supply chain, manufacturing process and cost, sales scenarios, and dynamics of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market.

Each player studied in the report is profiled while taking into account its production, market value, sales, gross margin, market share, recent developments, and marketing and business strategies. Besides giving a broad study of the drivers, restraints, trends, and opportunities of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market, the report offers an individual, detailed analysis of important regions such as North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. Furthermore, important segments of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market are studied in great detail with key focus on their market share, CAGR, and other vital factors.

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Market Participants

The market participants in the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market identified across the value chain include

among the manufacturers of Vegan Vitamins and Supplements across the globe.

Opportunities for the Market Participants in the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market

The rising concerns over the animal or based products and protein, growing vegan population, enriching preference for meat alternatives, propelling demand for healthy and nutritional products has made Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market popular in various regions of the world. Rising health consciousness, surging food and beverages industry and booming economy are some of the reasons behind the growth of Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market in the forecasted period.

Outpouring demand for nutritional and functionally augmented processed food products are driving the growth of the market. Some of the factors like diseases caused due to feeding fortification, and vitamin deficiencies, increased per-capita income and increased health awareness among people, rising incidence of obesity and related diseases is making consumers opt for food and beverages products that are low in fat and rich in minerals, are fueling the Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market growth

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Table of Contents Covered In Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market Are:

Industry Overview: The first section of the research study touches on an overview of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market, market status and outlook, and product scope. Additionally, it provides highlights of key segments of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market, i.e. regional, type, and application segments.

Competition Analysis: Here, the report brings to light important mergers and acquisitions, business expansions, product or service differences, market concentration rate, the competitive status of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market, and market size by player.

Company Profiles and Key Data: This section deals with the company profiling of leading players of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market on the basis of revenue, products, business, and other factors mentioned earlier.

Market Size by Type and Application: Besides offering a deep analysis of the size of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market by type and application, this section provides a study on top end users or consumers and potential applications.

North America Market: Here, the report explains the changes in the market size of North America by application and player.

Europe Market: This section of the report shows how the size of the Europe market will change in the next few years.

China Market: It gives analysis of the China market and its size for all the years of the forecast period.

Rest of Asia Pacific Market: The Rest of Asia Pacific market is analyzed in quite some detail here on the basis of application and player.

Central and South America Market: The report explains the changes in the size of the Central and South America market by player and application.

MEA Market: This section shows how the size of the MEA market will change during the course of the forecast period.

Market Dynamics: Here, the report deals with the drivers, restraints, challenges, trends, and opportunities of the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market. This section also includes the Porters Five Forces analysis.

Research Findings and Conclusion: It gives powerful recommendations for new as well as established players for securing a position of strength in the global Vegan Vitamins and Supplements market.

Methodology and Data Source: This section includes the authors list, a disclaimer, research approach, and data sources.

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Key Questions Answered in Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market Report are:

Research Methodology of Vegan Vitamins and Supplements

Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market Report uses trustworthy primary and secondary research sources to compile its reports. It also relies on latest research techniques to prepare highly detailed and accurate research studies such as this one here. It uses data triangulation, top down and bottom up approaches, and advanced research processes to come out with comprehensive and industry-best market research reports.

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Increase in the Adoption of Vegan Vitamins and Supplements to Propel the Growth of the Vegan Vitamins and Supplements Market Between 2020-2030 - 3rd...

Nutribio aims to beat Brexit with 2.5m food facility in Cork – Business Post

Nutribio, the Cork-based animal nutrition business, will open a 2.5 million facility in Little Island later this year to manufacture high-value food supplements for export markets.

Donal OSullivan, chief executive at Co-Operative Animal Health (Cahl), Nutribios parent company, said the 20,000-square-foot facility was part of its Brexit-proofing strategy.

He said the move would enable Nutribio to target new export markets and attract British clients looking for a manufacturing partner in the EU.

Brexit will be a much bigger challenge for us than Covid-19. The pandemic caused some supply chain issues for us, but we would see it as a temporary problem, whereas Brexit is long term, OSullivan said.

The impact of Brexit on the agri-food sector in Ireland could be transformational, he added, particularly in the event of a no-deal outcome.

We could be looking at additional tariffs on food exported to the UK and that could hit producers here. If farmers in Ireland are hit hard, that would have a knock-on effect on our business, he said.

The new facility, which will open later this year, would allow Nutribio to pick up high-value contracts overseas, OSullivan said.

We want to build up our export business more and talk to companies in the UK to see if we can do work for them, because well be in the EU. Those are the two ways were trying to fight our way out of Brexit, he said.

Nutribio makes nutritional products primarily for cattle farmers in the beef and dairy sector, but also for pig and sheep farmers worldwide.

The company sells its own products, including Immuboost and Ruminlix, through distributors such as Origin in the North and Wynnstay Group in Britain.

It is also a contract manufacturer, developing, manufacturing and packaging animal nutrition products on an outsourced basis for clients in Ireland and overseas, such as Techmix and Tonosity.

We make concentrate products. Our history has been to sell into the Irish market. About 50 per cent of cows here eat something out of our factory, OSullivan said.

Thats still our core business, but in more recent years weve started to get involved in international business and export.

OSullivan said Nutribio exported to about 40 countries, including Britain, France, Germany and Hungary.

More recently weve gone into Pakistan where there is less competition, he said. Were targeting places where our competitors are less active and engaged.

Were selling in countries in east Africa through the Irish governments Africa Agri-Food Development Programme (AADP). Thats about helping small farmers to look after their animals better and maximise their potential. Its been quite a success for us and quite a valuable piece of business.

Nutribio is the animal nutrition arm of Cahl, which is owned jointly by Dairygold and Glanbia. The company was formed in 1998 following the merger of Master Farm Nutrition, a Cahl subsidiary, and Preference Products, the Cork-based subsidiary of British animal feed business Rumenco.

Nutribio employs just over 40 people and is a client company of Enterprise Ireland, the state agency.

I think people underestimate the value of the education Enterprise Ireland offers, OSullivan said.

Weve taken part in their Leadership 4 Growth and Innovation 4 Growth programmes and they helped us to create a culture, a common understanding and language.

It means that when we are talking to potential clients who are heavily invested in innovation, they can see that we know what were talking about. Its opened up opportunities for us.

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Nutribio aims to beat Brexit with 2.5m food facility in Cork - Business Post

The Covid-19 opportunity for Ayurveda – Fortune India

The Coronavirus crisis has reminded people of the necessity of staying healthy. A special emphasis has been on building immunity. The Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) had also issued an advisory on boosting immunity. Among the measures suggested: drink warm water throughout the day, or a herbal tea (kadha)a concoction of tulsi (Indian basil), dalchini (cinnamon), kalimirch (black pepper), shunthi (dry ginger), munnaka (raisin) and golden milk (half a teaspoon of turmeric in hot milk).

There has been a 1.2x spike in online searches for health and immunity, says a recent survey by Facebook India and the Boston Consulting Group. It adds that 49% consumers intend to buy more vitamins, herbs and supplements in the coming days.

Across the world, people are gravitating towards proactive and preventive healthcare, driving the demand for food supplements and immunity boosters. A recent Invest India report, titled Invigorating Ayurveda in the times of Covid-19, says that the pandemic has dramatically increased consumer demand for dietary supplements that improve nutrition, assist with sleep and stress relief, support strong immune function and improve resistance to health threats. The national investment promotion and facilitation agency adds that a growing geriatric population and its increased awareness of nutritional values and preventive healthcare has further augmented the global herbal supplements market, which is expected to expand to $8.5 billion by 2025, with a CAGR of 6.2%.

Himalaya Drug Company, a leader in the nutrition and wellness segment, has confirmed that during the lockdown, there has been a significant increase in demand for immunity and wellness products containing pure herbs such as guduchi, tulsi, amalaki, and ashwagandha, among others, along with propriety formulations such as Septilin and Immusante, the report says.

Despite being a millennia-old tradition, the Ayurveda industry is actually at a nascent stage and therefore, primed for investments in several areas that are sure to yield high returns. The governments approval for 100% foreign direct investment in the sector has opened doors for all stakeholders to work together to harness Ayurvedas potential in India and across the world, says the Invest India report.

The report identifies investment opportunities in two categories: standardisation and marketing. Product standardisation, the report says, must be the first area of investment both nationally and globally. While Ayurvedic remedies are popular in India, the near absence of standardisation does not permit wider acceptability of Ayurveda products.

Globally, the lack of international licensing norms makes it difficult to push the products overseas. It becomes nearly impossible to prove the safety, purity and efficacy of Ayurveda products which leads to insufficient market penetration, the report says. Selling the products globally in the absence of licensing norms is also expensive for manufacturers. Since there are no standardisation norms in India that could be presented to overseas regulations bodies before sale in those countries, manufacturers have to invest hundreds of thousands of dollars in clinical trials that match each countrys certification norms.

Coming to marketing, the report says that proven knowledge of Ayurvedas benefits needs to be disseminated widely in order to develop a global interest in the sector. The demand for all-natural and herbal products has led to some Indian startups using Ayurveda to solve contemporary problems, the report says, citing the example of the women-focussed &Me.

The other problem the industry faces, according to the report, is that Ayurveda is not that well understood. Helping people globally better understand the benefits of Ayurveda, clearly articulating its proven records and how it fits into ones life are key first steps that can greatly improve Ayurvedas reception in the global market.

The report suggests that one marketing strategy could be developing products with specific target audiences, say for example senior citizens. Another option is to use digital platforms to target audiences and tailor products to their needs. The report suggests that the 70-million-strong global yoga audience be targeted by the Ayurveda industry.

These investments, the report says, will allow Ayurveda to evolve itself to a form that is cognisant of the needs and trends of new generations.

The good thing is that the total value of Ayurvedic and herbal exports has been steadily rising since 2015, and was at $446 million in FY19, according to Statista. According to leading player Baidyanath Group, India roughly exports about 5% of its manufactured products every year. Exports usually include ingredients or single-ingredient products, the report says.

Just how big is the Ayurvedic market? According to a 2019 report by Maximize Market Research, the global Ayurvedic market was valued at $4.57 billion in 2017, and was forecast to touch $14.62 billion, at a CAGR of 16.14%.

What is significant is that India is one of the largest producers of raw materials for Ayurveda products. The ingredients used in in Ayurvedic products are almost entirely sourced from India. For example, turmeric is sourced from the North-East, while saffron comes from Kashmir. Some specialised ingredients, though, are sourced from Indonesia. As herbal medicines become mainstream in many developed countries, India can emerge as a strong market leader for herb-derived drugs and dietary supplements. The sale of turmeric, for instance, is increasing manifold every year and India, as one of the largest cultivators of this anti-allergen, can use this opportunity to establish its presence as a preferred global supplier of such raw materials used in the production of natural and Ayurvedic products, the Invest India report says.

The report concludes that the pandemic has reminded us that our bodys immunity is our first and best line of defence. Healthy living and good nutrition are crucial for self-preservation. It predicts that Ayurveda is poised to re-enter our lives in unique ways. This ancient wisdom has taught us that the more things change, the more they stay the same.

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The Covid-19 opportunity for Ayurveda - Fortune India

Global Laminarin Market 2020 COVID-19 Updated Analysis By Product (20%-30% Purity, 35%-60% Purity, 60%-95% Purity, Others); By Application (Food &…

Laminarin Industry Overview Competitive Analysis, Regional and Global Analysis, Segment Analysis, Market Forecasts 2026

TheLaminarin marketreport begins with the market overview/market definition and the market scope. This helps in understanding what exactly is the report study dealing with. The next section includes the target audience of the Laminarin market. It is very important for the clients to understand what type of users or what kind of consumers deal with Laminarin market in order to determine their focus goals.

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In the last section, the Laminarin market report incorporates detailed information on the demand & supply chain analysis, import and export, industry size, sales volume, market shares, as well as value analysis of all the industry players operating in the Laminarin market. Some of the major market players that are included areShaanxi Huike Botanical, Hangzhou Skyherb Technologies, Shaanxi Senfu, Xian SR Bio, Xian Tianrui Biotechnology, Guilin Fengrunlai Biotech, Nutra Green, Xian Yunuo, Xian Haijia. Each market player is profiles in detail within the report by the research analysts.

In the next section, the Laminarin market report includes the research tools and methodologies that were incorporated while studying the Laminarin market. For instance, Porters Five Force analysis, SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, top-down or the bottom-up approach that was used for market data analysis. It also includes details about the primary research and the secondary research that were conducted by the research analysts.

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The next major section of the Laminarin market study includes the market segmentation. To understand any market with ease the market is segregated into segments, such as its product type, application, technology, end-use industry. By dividing the market into small components helps in understanding the market with more clarity. The market segments of the Laminarin market includes{20%-30% Purity, 35%-60% Purity, 60%-95% Purity, Others}; {Food & Beverages, Dietary Supplements, Others}. The data that is provided within the study is both quantitative and qualitative. Data is represented with the help of tables and figures that include graphical representation of the numbers in the form of histograms, bar graphs, pie charts, etc.

Another major segment of the Laminarin market is its geographical presence on the global platform. The major regions that have been considered include Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, North America, and the Middle East and Africa. The Laminarin market study is not restricted to regional level but also includes country-wise data.

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Major Advantages for Laminarin Market:

Well-organized description of the international Laminarin market along with the ongoing inclinations and future considerations to reveal the upcoming investment areas. The all-inclusive market feasibility is examined to figure out the profit-making trends to obtain the most powerful foothold in the Laminarin industry. The Laminarin market report covers data which reveal major drivers, constraints, and openings with extensive impact analysis. The current market is quantitatively reviewed from 2019 to 2028 to pinpoint the monetary competency of the global Laminarin market. Last but not least, PORTERS Five Forces Analysis shows the effectiveness of the customers and providers from a global perspective.

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Global Laminarin Market 2020 COVID-19 Updated Analysis By Product (20%-30% Purity, 35%-60% Purity, 60%-95% Purity, Others); By Application (Food &...

FNB News – Impact on the nutraceuticals industry amidst the pandemic | FNB News – fnbnews.com

While the world was battling with various geopolitical, economic and religious issues, a virus rapidly crept in and helped us realise what really matters. Health indeed is the only wealth we have. As over eight lakh people are infected with the novel Corona virus or Covid-19 (with the number increasing at an alarming rate), the path to build immunity is crucial to fight the virus. And it is no secret that the role of nutrients in supporting the immune system is extremely important. However, this is not easing commercial woes for the nutraceuticals industry.

A lowdown on the lockdownMajor organisations across the world are facing a financial crunch, and it is not surprising that the nutraceuticals industry has an arduous journey ahead. Not only are various expos and international meets getting postponed (with a bleak chance of resuming), the export and trade relations between countries are on a complete halt, and maybe even strained, posing a threat to the manufacturing process.

Meanwhile, government restrictions have not made it easy on the customer front. However, the consumption of potential nutrients and micronutrients like vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6 and B 12, folate, zinc, iron, copper and selenium for immunity defence is pivotal. It is imperative for the government to allow dietary supplements and natural product retailers to remain operational as essential businesses. The dietary industry associations in the US are also urging their government to do the same.

In times like these, having the nutraceuticals industries operate is very important now more than ever. It will get challenging for the government to fulfil the basic nutritional needs of our population of 1.2 billion with minimum labour in such difficult times.

Additionally, food-based nutrition may take a dip, as the prices may hike due to the scarcity, making it challenging for the people falling under low economic strata to sustain their needs. This poses another challenge of being vulnerable to the virus and its spread. Thus, the FSSAI must suggest that nutraceuticals supplements can offer vital nutritional benefits to keep the immune system at its optimal. Additionally, for urban consumers its easy storage will help sustain the healthy habit.

Situational needs of nutraceuticals brandsCovid-19 is presenting an almost never-seen-before situation that will compel nutraceuticals companies to evaluate their supply chains and adapt to new systems faster than ever before. Most companies are running from pillar to post in order to put together a business continuity plan to ensure that their customers remain unaffected or at least, minimally affected.

Given the current market scenario, emerging nutraceuticals brands targeting the preventive healthcare segment must thoroughly understand and ascertain the degree of work that is required to establish consumer trust with regards to the efficacy promise of the brand. There is also a real threat of an unforeseeable crisis that could disrupt a very interdependent and convoluted supply chain.

On the other hand, it is important for dietary supplement brands to not overreact in this situation. In all likelihood (and we hope), that this change and a shift in the policies, consumption and manufacturing may be temporary. While it may impact our business and commercials significantly, it might also fuel the need for supplements for the end-consumer. A key shift in the markets would be that India could be the next big source of raw materials as well as finished goods, as the Chinese trade experiences a slump.

Nutraceuticals brands need to continue doing their best to create awareness amongst the people about the ongoing situation. Most consumers are seeking information through social media. Hence, it becomes important to educate the customers digitally, to ensure this message reaches out in a wider magnitude.

It is also crucial that in this time of crisis, nutraceuticals companies and healthcare service and product providers come together to spread knowledge and not fear, as there is already a lot of panic due to all the fake news available on the Internet, given the disproportionate amount of information asymmetry that exists.

(The author is CEO & director, Purenutrition.me. He can be reached at customercare@purenutrition.me)

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Chitosan Supplements Market Size By Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies And Forecast Up To 2026 – 3rd…

New Jersey, United States,- Latest update on Chitosan Supplements Market Analysis report published with extensive market research, Chitosan Supplements Market growth analysis, and forecast by 2026. this report is highly predictive as it holds the overall market analysis of topmost companies into the Chitosan Supplements industry. With the classified Chitosan Supplements market research based on various growing regions, this report provides leading players portfolio along with sales, growth, market share, and so on.

The research report of the Chitosan Supplements market is predicted to accrue a significant remuneration portfolio by the end of the predicted time period. It includes parameters with respect to the Chitosan Supplements market dynamics incorporating varied driving forces affecting the commercialization graph of this business vertical and risks prevailing in the sphere. In addition, it also speaks about the Chitosan Supplements Market growth opportunities in the industry.

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Chitosan Supplements Market Classification by Types:

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The report of the Chitosan Supplements market is an in-depth analysis of the business vertical projected to record a commendable annual growth rate over the estimated time period. It also comprises of a precise evaluation of the dynamics related to this marketplace. The purpose of the Chitosan Supplements Market report is to provide important information related to the industry deliverables such as market size, valuation forecast, sales volume, etc.

Major Highlights from Table of contents are listed below for quick lookup into Chitosan Supplements Market report

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Bioflavonoids Supplements Market Size By Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies And Forecast Up To 2026 -…

New Jersey, United States,- Latest update on Bioflavonoids Supplements Market Analysis report published with extensive market research, Bioflavonoids Supplements Market growth analysis, and forecast by 2026. this report is highly predictive as it holds the overall market analysis of topmost companies into the Bioflavonoids Supplements industry. With the classified Bioflavonoids Supplements market research based on various growing regions, this report provides leading players portfolio along with sales, growth, market share, and so on.

The research report of the Bioflavonoids Supplements market is predicted to accrue a significant remuneration portfolio by the end of the predicted time period. It includes parameters with respect to the Bioflavonoids Supplements market dynamics incorporating varied driving forces affecting the commercialization graph of this business vertical and risks prevailing in the sphere. In addition, it also speaks about the Bioflavonoids Supplements Market growth opportunities in the industry.

Bioflavonoids Supplements Market Report covers the manufacturers data, including shipment, price, revenue, gross profit, interview record, business distribution etc., these data help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows a regional development status, including Bioflavonoids Supplements market size, volume and value, as well as price data.

Bioflavonoids Supplements Market competition by top Manufacturers:

Bioflavonoids Supplements Market Classification by Types:

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Cataloging the competitive terrain of the Bioflavonoids Supplements market:

Unveiling the geographical penetration of the Bioflavonoids Supplements market:

The report of the Bioflavonoids Supplements market is an in-depth analysis of the business vertical projected to record a commendable annual growth rate over the estimated time period. It also comprises of a precise evaluation of the dynamics related to this marketplace. The purpose of the Bioflavonoids Supplements Market report is to provide important information related to the industry deliverables such as market size, valuation forecast, sales volume, etc.

Major Highlights from Table of contents are listed below for quick lookup into Bioflavonoids Supplements Market report

About Us:

Market Research Intellect provides syndicated and customized research reports to clients from various industries and organizations with the aim of delivering functional expertise. We provide reports for all industries including Energy, Technology, Manufacturing and Construction, Chemicals and Materials, Food and Beverage, and more. These reports deliver an in-depth study of the market with industry analysis, the market value for regions and countries, and trends that are pertinent to the industry.

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Bioflavonoids Supplements Market Size By Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies And Forecast Up To 2026 -...

COVID-19 Impact On Global Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market Research Report Strategies, Shares, Trends, Growth Analysis Forecast to 2027 – Daily…

"Global Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market Assessment Report: Present & Forecast Evaluation"is a comprehensive blend of qualitative and quantitative analysis in terms of Food and Beverage Air Filtration market size, demand, revenue, gross margin, value, and volume. The whole research study is segmented based on regions, product type, application, and top companies operating in Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market. The report begins with the introduction on Food and Beverage Air Filtration Industry, drivers, restraints, trends, PEST analysis, PORTERs Five Forces analysis. The macro-economic factors, Food and Beverage Air Filtration manufacturing cost, industry chain structure and pricing analysis are conducted. The pandemic impact in terms of production, demand, profit, growth scope is covered in our latest report updated in June 2020.

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The Food and Beverage Air Filtration production, market performance over past and present years, opportunity mapping, investment feasibility and growth orbits are specified in this research report. The regional markets share of every industry player, product type and application is studied which is as follows:

Top Companies Involved in Food and Beverage Air Filtration Industry are:GEMU Gebr. Muller Apparatebau GmbH & Co. KGDonaldson Company, Inc.Porvair Filtration Group Ltd.Spirax Sarco Engineering PlcParker Domnick HunterAPC Filtration, Inc.General Electric CompanyPall CorporationNano Purification Solution Ltd.Camfil Group3M

Top Product Types Evaluated are:Dust CollectorMist CollectorCartridge CollectorHEPA FilterBaghouse Filter

Top Applications studied are:Food & IngredientsDairyBottled WaterOthers

To derive the vital Food and Beverage Air Filtration Industry aspects like market share, revenue, production, demand various primary interviews and interactions are carried out with industry experts like VPs, CEOs, Marketing Managers, R&D Managers, distributors, national sales mangers of top companies. Primary and performance analysis is carried out by interviewing the distributors, traders, dealers and more. The most crucial segment like Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market competition and trends is studied in this report.

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The report evaluates the positive and negative impact of ongoing situations on Food and Beverage Air Filtration Industry with forecast opportunities and CAGR value. The historical and present industry situations, market trends, technological innovations, regulations, upcoming technologies, and challenges are covered. The Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market revenue is expected to surpass US$ XX Million by 2021 with a growth rate of xx.xx% from 2021-2027.

Regional Perspective and Food and Beverage Air Filtration Analysis:

The market scope and regional division include North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East & Africa, South America, and Rest of the World. The industry presence in the Asia-Pacific region is expected to expand at a good pace due to the increase in production facilities, existing players developing new opportunities and new players emerging in Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market. North America is expected to reach a higher market share followed by the European region. Demand for Food and Beverage Air Filtration products and its relevant applications across different market segments is growing rapidly.

Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market Analysis Based on Top Companies:

After the market competition and overview by top players, company profiles of every Food and Beverage Air Filtration Industry player is provided in detail. This segment covers the company overview, business portfolio, production details & description, vital financials, developments, SWOT analysis, and more. Top companies across the globe are profiled in this research study. The report can be customized based on the users choice and more players can be added as per requirements.

The forecast Food and Beverage Air Filtration industry vision covers the market size estimation, growth driving factors, risk analysis & mitigation, new entrants SWOT analysis, and investment feasibility.

Key Assessments & Food and Beverage Air Filtration Market Research Report Highlights:

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Penn Museum to remove Morton Cranial Collection from public view after student opposition – The Daily Pennsylvanian

Samuel George Morton's collection of about 1,000 crania will be removed from public display. (Photo by Eric Sucar, University Communications)

Penn Museum will remove the Morton Cranial Collection, a collection of about 1,000 crania with some belonging to enslaved individuals, from public view after students called for the crania to be repatriated.

The collection is the work of Samuel George Morton, an 1820 Perelman School of Medicine graduate who used the skulls of enslaved people to argue that there are inherent differences between the brains of people of different races.

Morton, who is from Philadelphia, was an active participant in the medical and scientific community in the early 19th century.

During the Penn & Slavery Projects 2019 symposium, students presented findings that the Morton Cranial Collection includes 53 crania belonging to enslaved individuals from Havana, Cuba and two crania belonging to enslaved Americans. A portion of the collection is currently in public view in a Center for the Analysis of Archaeological Materials classroom in the Museum.

The collection on display in the CAAM classroom will be removed from public view by the end of the summer, but will still be accessible for research, Williams Director of the Penn Museum Julian Siggers wrote in an email sent to The Daily Pennsylvanian on Wednesday.

Morton used the findings from his cranial collection as a scientific justification for slavery and is known as the founding father of scientific racism, according to Discover Magazine. His research, as described on Penn Museum's website, was taken as proof that Europeans, especially those of German and English ancestry, were intellectually, morally, and physically superior to all other races.

Morton's personal views were largely white supremacist, according to the Museum site, and his work contributed to the development of racist thought through his suggestion of innate hierarchies among different races. Credit: Kylie Cooper The Penn Museum released a statement explaining that the Museum is working to change the racist narratives it was built on.

Biases within the Morton collection have been criticized for years, including in a June guest column in the DP by rising College sophomore Gabriela Alvarado.

Alvarado said the statement the Museum recently released in solidarity with the Black Lives Matter movement is ironic as it still has the Morton Cranial Collection on display to the public.

The statement reads that the Museum is working to change the racist narratives it was built on.

"Racism has no place in our Museum," the statement reads. Recognizing it was built on colonialism and racist narratives, the Museum wrote it is working to change these narratives and its associated institutional biases.

I think it's really clear that they're not being sincere, Alvarado said. They are fully aware that they have [The Morton Collection], and theyre fully aware that people arent okay with it but they keep it anyway.

In their guest column, Alvarado argued the Museum should repatriate the crania in addition to moving them out of their current public display.

Through the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, the Penn Museum repatriated various Native American crania from the collection. NAGPRA, however, only protects the remains and certain cultural objects of federally recognized tribes, native Alaskan corporations, and native Hawaiian organizations. This leaves many crania in the collection unprotected, allowing the Museum to continue to keep and display the Morton Cranial Collection.

Were committed to exploring what we should do with repatriation of the crania of the enslaved individuals within this collection, Siggers wrote to the DP. He added that the repatriation process it is complicated because there is little information about the individuals other than that Morton acquired them from Cuba.

School of Arts and Sciences Ph.D. second-year VanJessica Gladney, who studies history and is a Penn & Slavery Project fellow, said that while she understands that repatriation of the crania may be difficult, she is excited to see the Museum take action.

Im glad theyre committed, Gladney said. So are we. Im excited to start working together.

Alvarado said removing the crania from public view is a good first step, adding that the Museum must do more than consider repatriation.Its going to be tough, but that makes it all the more important, and Im sure there are many people who want to help with repatriation, Alvarado said.

Police Free Penn, a newly formed assembly calling on Penn to abolish policing and transform community safety at the University, has also called for the abolition of the Morton Cranial Collection. School of Arts and Sciences Ph.D. third-year Jake Nussbaum, who studies anthropology and is a member of PFP, said entirely abolishing Morton's collection is complicated.

When we say abolish we are talking about finding ways to return all of those remains or either give them proper burials or return them to descendent communities, and that's going to vary a lot from the different communities that are within the collection, he said.

Nussbaum said Penn Museum's plan to remove the collection from display is great, but said any repatriation process should include students and represent the interests of BIPOC communities.

School of Arts and Sciences Ph.D. fifth-year, Paul Mitchell, who is also studying anthropology, said that despite the removal of the collection from display, the injustice surrounding Morton's collection should not be forgotten. Facing the injustices embodied in the collection requires a commitment to restorative methodologies which address the impact of the scientific racism Morton helped construct, he said.

Just as these remains were transformed into objects through their collection, they must now be uncollected, [and] recognized as persons, Nussbaum said. Approaching this ethical challenge is as complex as it is crucial.

Get our newsletter, Dear Penn, delivered to your inbox every weekday morning.

On July 2, Penn announced that it will remove the century-old statue of George Whitefield, a former slave owner, from the Quad, and stated it will create a Campus Iconography Group to research and advise the University about memorialization on Penn's campus.

Gladney said that the Morton Cranial Collection should be included in this University-led research endeavor.

It's important to note that many of these remains are traced back to people in descendant communities who would not want their kids on a shelf in the museum, Mitchell said. And the Museum needs to acknowledge that if its going to make statements about solidarity.

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Penn Museum to remove Morton Cranial Collection from public view after student opposition - The Daily Pennsylvanian

National View: Defunding police would only prove that Black lives don’t matter – Duluth News Tribune

Thats because, in the wake of the memorial services, protests, and riots, there has been a steady call for changing the police by defunding them.

On the June 14 edition of Face the Nation, an interview with Seattle Police Chief Carmen Best was prophetically titled, Policing will never be as it was. Truer words have yet to be written.

Chief Best appeared to be at odds with Seattle Mayor Jenny Durkan over how to deal with protesters who created CHAZ, or the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone. Later called CHOP, or Capitol Hill Organized Protest, this occupation of several square blocks of the Emerald City best showed how the sides lined up in this raging debate.

While she said there was not a cop-free zone in her city, Bests decision not to forcibly disband the CHAZ/CHOP reflected a hesitancy among departments in dealing with protesters. CHAZ/CHOP insisted they were free of a police presence, and the mayors office wanted only a limited first-responder presence there.

Whichever side had the upper hand, the bottom line was that governments are anxious to avoid the next high-profile police use of deadly force and rioting thereafter. Consider what happened in Atlanta, which was the latest city to suffer arson and vandalism after Rayshard Brooks was killed by an officer there. That officer was immediately fired and charged with murder. Incidents like this will only increase demands for defunding.

Defunding may actually be more of a wish than reality given complex webs of municipal, state, and federal law in addition to civil-service and police-union regulations to be untangled before what is an obviously dangerous goal can be attained. While there still may be cops, however, they may have to deal with significant funding cuts like those already proposed in Los Angeles and New York City.

But people like me safety citizens who value our communities and want to work with authorities to keep them crime-free must take these radical activists at their word. The screaming protesters and slightly less shrill elected officials are demanding defunding. Safety citizens need to make it clear we support fully funded and empowered police departments. Period. And they need to know that we also support punishing rogue officers.

Both safety citizens and police critics hoped earlier community policing policies would be the solution to long-term tensions between law enforcement and urban communities. Its focus on relationship-building at all levels, however, seems to have fallen short of the mark. In fact, it appears that relationship-building between police and the public gave way to calls for diminished police powers and even abolishing the profession altogether.

Defunding proposals couldnt come at a worse time. Culturally, American law enforcement became increasingly unpopular since the 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri. This tipping point birthed "de-policing," where officers who feel they are under too much scrutiny cease being proactive for fear of termination or even prosecution by state and federal authorities.

A bitter irony emerges with the rise of Black Lives Matter activism. Less empowered and underfunded police departments will effectively be set up to fail in underserved low-income, high-crime communities. My grassroots security consulting began in such an area. I know firsthand that less-monied and less-empowered departments mean more misery for majority-black communities.

These poorly funded departments already experience personnel shortages and lengthy 911 response times. Residents in the occupied CHAZ/CHOP complained about a lack of first responders. How will matters be made worse by withholding or terminating police budgets there and across America?

Regardless of whether defunding demands are wishful thinking or determined steps toward an abolition of the police profession, one inescapable conclusion remains: Defunding police is defeating public safety. This defeat would be acutely felt in the very communities screaming that black lives matter.

Nadra Enzi is a member of the Project 21 black leadership network and is a grassroots security consultant in New Orleans. He wrote this originally for InsideSources.com.

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National View: Defunding police would only prove that Black lives don't matter - Duluth News Tribune

Who Were The Enslaved People Who Fought For The Abolition Of Slavery? – BBC History Magazine

When the African-American Frederick Douglass who was a towering figure in the history of US slavery and its abolition was born into bondage in 1818, a resurgence in slavery was about to begin in the US, Brazil and Cuba. Indeed, despite 1791s seismic slave uprising in Haiti, which had destroyed that nations slave trade and sown the seeds of defiance across the Americas, slavery remained profitable. Yet by the time Douglass died in 1895, slavery had not only vanished from the Americas but had become universally reviled.

It was a staggering turnaround. In the course of a lifetime, slavery had been overthrown across the western hemisphere. The story of this transformation is a complex, sometimes confusing one and at its heart lie the efforts of slaves themselves.

An undated photograph of African-American abolitionist Frederick Douglass. Born into slavery in 1818, by the time he died in 1895, slavery had been eradicated in the Americas. (Bettmann/Getty Images)

In the early 19th century, enslaved Africans, their offspring and their descendants were ubiquitous across the Americas. Though African slaves travelled with Columbus, and were later settled in the Spanish Caribbean, the enslavement of Africans in the western hemisphere essentially started with the Portuguese traffic of people from the continent early in the 16th century. Slavery did not take secure root until the Portuguese settlement of Brazil and the introduction of sugar plantations there in the late 16th century. Over the next 300 years, more than 12 million Africans were loaded on to slave ships bound for the Americas.

In the 17th century, slavery spread throughout the English and French Caribbean colonies, where slave labour serviced tobacco, cotton and then sugar industries, and in the North American colonies, where enslaved people worked primarily in tobacco and rice cultivation.

In North America, the Caribbean and Brazil, these people formed a mighty, vital force, though elsewhere they were more marginal. All of Europes major colonial powers Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Britain and France were eager participants in the Atlantic slave trade, and all shipped staggering numbers of Africans across the ocean to tap the bounty of their American possessions.

Until the mid-18th century, this had provoked hardly a whimper of objection or resistance by religious, legal or moral commentators. Yet by the late 19th century those same nations, and their churches, laws and politics, had utterly renounced slavery. The British ended slavery in 1838; the French after earlier false starts followed suit in 1848. The 13th Amendment of 1865 formally ended slavery in the United States, but it continued in Cuba until 1886 and Brazil until 1888.

The slave poachers of earlier centuries had become the aggressive gamekeepers of the 19th century. It was little less than a revolution and the story of the fall of slavery in the Americas is also the story of slave defiance.

Though only one major colony fell to slave revolt Haiti (known then as Saint-Domingue) on Hispaniola it would be wrong to diminish the significance of such defiance. Douglass was often asked why, if slavery was as violent and repressive as he claimed, slaves not did overthrow their oppressors across the Americas as they had in Haiti. The answer, as he knew, was that slavery was a system sustained by draconian control and management.

True, slavery was also sustained by other elements such as inducements and small rewards, but enslaved people everywhere were left in no doubt about what would happen to those who openly resisted. Planters capricious blows and whippings, as well as the daily rigours of plantation life, were reinforced by bloody penal codes in all slave societies. Whenever revolts erupted as they did regularly on Atlantic slave ships and in the colonies suppression was swift and extreme, and invariably out of all proportion to the initial violence of the uprising.

Even so, African slavery was peppered with open revolt across the Americas, though it was less widespread and less violent in North America than in the Caribbean and Brazil. In the long years before the last enslaved Africans stumbled ashore in Cuba in 1867, there were many who were prepared to take a risk and turn to violence in an effort to win liberty. Indeed, many had been enslaved during conflicts in Africa, and brought that combat experience to the Americas.

Though most slave defiance fell well short of open revolt, it remained a feature of all slave societies. Enslaved people dragged their feet at work, feigned ignorance, took revenge on crops and animals, and measured out their days and tasks in ways that suited them, but were always careful not to transgress too flagrantly. Complaints about slave behaviour of apparent laziness, stupidity, inattention and downright disobedience echo through the literature of slave-holding life.

Just as common was the universal sense that slaves could not be trusted. Although slave-owners often lived close to their possessions some even living with them as common-law partners and although many slaveholders felt that they had gained their slaves trust and loyalty, most nursed deep-seated concerns. Time and again, trusted slaves turned: they hit back, ran away and proved disloyal in ways their owners had not expected. Hence there was a widespread, recurring and abiding sense of betrayal among slave-owners.

After the Declaration of Independence of the United States cut that countrys ties from Britain in 1776, the new nations ideals (all Men are created equal) seemed to augur an end to slavery. Yet, ironically, several of the Founding Fathers who drafted and proclaimed those ideals were slave-owners. The American republic ushered in a new form of democracy, while being anchored in slavery. Moreover, slaverys value increased after 1800, thanks to the dramatic impact of the cotton boom in the American South. The United States was, then, born arguing about slavery and those arguments had repercussions throughout the enslaved Caribbean. What followed in Haiti, however, was totally different.

After the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, Frances most valuable possession, Saint-Domingue, was propelled into a maelstrom of conflicts that lasted from 1791 until the colony gained independence in 1804. Saint-Domingue was worked during that period by around 600,000 enslaved people, a huge proportion of whom had been brought to the colony in the previous ten years. They produced enormous volumes of sugar and coffee; indeed, the value of the French colonys exports exceeded those of Brazil and Mexico combined, and was double that of the entire British Caribbean.

Yet this was a fragile system, powered by an army of recalcitrant slaves owned and supervised by 30,000 white people and a similar number of gens de couleur (people of mixed race). After the outbreak of revolution in the mother country, it rapidly splintered into conflicts with colonial authority and between and among the colonys social groups. Each group fought for its own interest: for dominance (the white population), for an equal role (the gens de couleur) or for freedom (the enslaved population). The French struggled to maintain their colonial control, and revolutionary upheavals and violence swept the colony on an apocalyptic scale.

The conflicts in Haiti destroyed slavery, swallowed invading British and Spanish armies, and devastated the economy. They sent refugees fleeing often with their slaves for the safety of Jamaica, Cuba or the United States; indeed, memorials in the Catholic graveyards of New Orleans and Charleston bear witness to the presence of slave-owners from the French colony. By the time the independent nation of Haiti emerged in 1804, the population of the former Saint-Domingue had fallen by a third and the lush landscape was pockmarked by the ruins of plantations and devastated properties.

However badly damaged it was, though, Haiti was the first independent black nation outside Africa, and its leaders notably Toussaint LOuverture were elevated to heroic status among slaves everywhere. For the enslaved and the freed alike, the complexities of the Haitian revolution were easily distilled into a simple issue: black freedom had been won by the defeat of a colonial system and its imperial armies. Whatever the cost and whatever the flaws, Haitis independence offered a beacon of hope for millions of slaves elsewhere. It was an inspiration for those who yearned for freedom.

An engraving from a British anti-slavery publication of 1826 shows an overseer whipping an exhausted black slave on a plantation, where violence and bloody penal codes subdued resistance (Photo 12/Getty Images)

Slaveholders, naturally, viewed it differently. For them, it was a terrifying tale with a cautionary lesson: slavery was a volatile system, and you tampered with it at your peril. All subsequent slave troubles in Brazil, the Caribbean and the United States were viewed through the historical prism of Haiti, which hardened slaveholders hearts. The events in Saint-Domingue in the late 18th century strengthened slave-owners belief that if you gave slaves an inch they would take an African mile. The story of slave freedom evolved thereafter in the shadow of Haiti.

Throughout the 19th century, violence and unrest preceded or accompanied slave freedom everywhere. The British Caribbean colonies worked by enslaved people had always been volatile, but the first half of the 19th century witnessed large-scale uprisings in Barbados (1816), Demerara (1823) now in Guyana and Jamaica (183132). The last of those, the 11-day rebellion dubbed the Baptist War, came close to defeating the British, and was a sign of the profound changes taking place among the enslaved. The British slave trade had ended in 1807, and enslaved populations increasingly comprised local-born people, growing numbers of whom were Christians. Chapels, slave preachers, the Bible (with its powerful imagery of freedom and salvation) and huge gatherings of enslaved people away from plantations combined to create a radicalising brew. Planters had once feared African defiance; now they worried about enslaved Christians.

Equally, the violent suppression of enslaved Christians caused outrage among fellow worshippers in Britain. Thousands of Christian voices were added to growing demands for an end to slavery, and abolition became a widely popular movement that British parliament was unable to resist though the pill was somewhat sweetened by a growing sense that sugar might be more easily acquired from non-slave sources in Asia.

Economic criticisms of the system, observing that free labour was more economic than slave labour, were not applied to US cotton or Brazilian coffee, however. Both of those huge slave-based industries, which helped transform the western hemisphere in the 19th century, were made possible by new large-scale domestic slave trades that replaced the supply of labour from across the Atlantic. Almost one million slaves were forcibly moved across North America to the southern cotton empire, and an even greater number were transported from older Brazilian settlements to newly developing areas of the country.

The abolition of slavery in the French colonies is proclaimed on 27 April 1848, depicted in a contemporary painting by Franois-Auguste Biard (Heritage Images/Getty Images)

As people were transferred from old slave-powered industries to new slave regions to feed the voracious labour demands of the US cotton and Brazilian coffee plantations, a miserable story of violation and upheavals was repeated, with many families broken up. This reignited slave defiance, so that fugitives and resistance became even more pressing problems for slave-owners. In response, tighter controls and more severe management strategies were implemented to keep the enslaved at their tasks.

This brutal repression by these slaveholding regimes sparked growing outrage among a swelling band of opponents. Christian sensibility was again critical, especially in the US. Though the South found biblical justifications for slavery, the growing tide of criticism was also rooted in American faith, sharpened by evidence of the violence meted out to slaves in their moments of defiance notably fugitives seeking freedom in the North.

The entire story changed with the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, when enslaved people began to tip the balance. They abandoned the plantations in their thousands, undermined the Souths economic ability to fight the war, and provided massive collective evidence if more were needed of their detestation of bondage. For all its military uncertainties, the Civil War proved the coup de grce for US slavery.

A similar pattern was evident across the old Spanish empire in Central and South America. There, wars for independence in the 1810s and 1820s had undermined local slavery, which in other areas had already withered. Numbers of enslaved people were in any case small compared with other regimes: in 1800, there were about 250,000 enslaved people across Spains vast empire, compared with 1.5 million in the US and 1.2 million in Brazil.

War and upheaval proved corrosive to Spanish slavery. The major exception was in Cuba, where initially, at least slavery was revitalised by a massive expansion of tobacco and sugar plantations, thanks in large part to US investment during the 19th century leading to modernisation and industrialisation. Yet there, too, slave insurgency and the inevitable violent repression by planters and colonial authorities fuelled demands for freedom from both slaves and their supporters on the island and in Spain. As with earlier Spanish colonial revolts, Cubans fighting for independence encouraged slave rebellion and flight. Slavery began to unravel in the military and political confusion of the struggle for independence in the second half of the 19th century. Abolition finally came in 1886.

Two years later, Brazil where African slavery had proved so vital to European settlers three centuries before became the last country in the Americas to abandon slavery. Again, warfare and the tumultuous struggle for independence from Portugal (finally achieved in 1822) had provided the backdrop for slave resistance. After independence, revolts continued to punctuate Brazils slave expansion in the 19th century, these uprisings often led by recently imported Africans, many of them Muslims and others with experience of African warfare. The flight of slaves from the plantations to free communities in the wilderness or to the anonymity of the expanding cities was a constant drain on enslaved populations. So, too, was recurring social disorder, allowing slaves to flee from the fighting or to join it. Violence, again, enabled slaves to seize their freedom. Brazils slaves were also backed by a growing band of supporters, mainly urban-dwelling, literate, educated people increasingly outraged that Brazil was the sole Christian nation left sustaining slavery.

Opposition to slavery flourished on both sides of the Atlantic. The outrages of slavery were reported and disseminated in cheap printed publications, and from pulpits and in crowded lecture halls, to an increasingly literate and educated urban population. The voice of popular, often reforming politics turned decisively against slavery. So, too, did churches, which earlier had been silent bystanders.

So, by the end of the 19th century, slavery fell. It had been denounced and reviled by both secular and religious interests but the balance was tipped decisively by the subversion of the slaves themselves. In that transformed climate, the old traditions of slave defiance came into their own. Slaves took their chances, and finally helped to overthrow the system that had held them and their forebears in miserable bondage for so long. It is time we recognised fully the role played by the enslaved themselves in bringing down the slave empires that had lasted for so many shameful centuries.

James Walvin is professor of history emeritus at the University of York. His latest book is Freedom: The Overthrow of the Slave Empires (Robinson, 2019)

This article was taken from issue 16 of BBC World Histories magazine

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Who Were The Enslaved People Who Fought For The Abolition Of Slavery? - BBC History Magazine

Unlocking the Bars on Life: Understanding Criminal Justice Reform – The Emory Wheel

We have the power to forge a righteous future for our country and recent events have made that clear. Police forces are being defunded in Los Angeles, New York City and Minneapolis. Additionally, local officials plan to eventually dismantle the Minneapolis Police Department entirely; even Congress is taking action to reform the police nationally. These steps toward justice for the murders of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Ahmaud Arbery and so many others are small victories in the larger, ongoing battle for a more impartial justice system. However, that fight encompasses more than police brutality and if we desire sustainable change, we must grow more knowledgeable and organized, keep up the pressure on our elected officials and educate those ignorant of the flaws prevalent in our justice system.

For decades, the United States has claimed to be the Capital of the Free World. The fact remains, however, that the U.S. holds almost 5% of the worlds population, yet about 20% of the worlds prison population. This is unacceptable. Since 1970, the U.S. prison population has risen by nearly 700%. This is unacceptable. Tough on crime campaigns and prison building programs encouraged by federal subsidies have supplemented the prison crowding epidemic. This overcrowding is an economic burden. This is unacceptable. Racial disparities at every level of the U.S. justice system have promoted an environment in which Black people have become the targets of civil and literal extermination. The word unacceptable is beyond inadequate; it could never adequately describe the 243-year affliction that is institutionalized racism in the U.S.

A just criminal justice system is one of the most important tools available to any society. To qualify as just, such an institution must demonstrate impartiality toward all racial and socioeconomic groups while balancing punishment and rehabilitation. To this end, a just system should have a series of measures that combat racism, classism and recidivism (the tendency of ex-convicts to reoffend), all of which fuel mass incarceration in the U.S. The current justice system punishes those with criminal records long after they have paid their debts to society this approach is counterproductive by both moral and economic standards.

Ex-convicts face discriminatory practices inherently enabled by our current justice system. Popular belief is that after an individual commits a crime and does their time, the punishment is over, but the reality is much harsher. According to Katheryn Russell-Brown and Angela J. Davis Criminal Law, former convicts are rendered ineligible for welfare, student loans, public housing, and food stamps. In 21 states, formerly incarcerated individuals lose their right to vote. These restrictions constitute lifelong barriers to rehabilitation and cause most people to end up back behind bars. In 2005, 68% of state prisoners released were arrested again within the next three years, 83% within nine years.

Black and Hispanic people disproportionately suffer from this cruel reality. A 2020 study of traffic stops between 2011 and 2018 found that Black and Hispanic drivers were, on average, much more likely to be pulled over during traffic stops than white people. Further, those drivers were more likely to be searched after being pulled over. This correlation suggests racial profiling plays a significant role in our justice system. The victims of profiling are more likely to be arrested, sent to jail or prison, and are subsequently forced into a vicious cycle of recidivism. However, this disproportionality is much more than a statistical quirk. As more Black and Hispanic individuals are incarcerated, fewer are able to vote. If we are not able to vote, our children will be less likely to vote as well. Racist criminal justice policies threaten to destroy Black and Hispanic communities in the present and ensure they remain politically weak in the future.

The scope of judicial inequality explains why there are so many solutions being proposed to secure a more impartial justice system. We must demand the prioritization of convict rehabilitation. Doing so could redefine our prison systems mission by helping ex-convicts avoid reincarceration through safe, truly voluntary in-prison jobs, skill training, educational programs and parole reform, among other strategies. We should also work to strengthen the existing social safety net for ex-convicts. The justice system should work alongside different agencies to ensure former criminals are able to receive an education, find a place to live and a job to receive legal income. The recent buzzwords, police abolition, have been popularized by Campaign Zeros #8CantWait project. It entails the defunding and abolition of police departments. Following the steps outlined by #8CantWait, we could implement a system like community policing, in which officers are recruited from and specially trained to work within communities to develop compassionate relations with inhabitants and the area.

After their release from prison, many ex-convicts endure a cycle of poverty and discrimination that, all too often, enables their eventual reincarceration. Structural flaws in our justice system have allowed racism and classism the would-be ghosts of Americas depraved past to haunt our countrys modern pursuit for social justice and equality. Our goal as a nation should be to help end systemic racial injustices and assist victims of the prejudicial justice system. We must pressure our elected officials and demand they assist us in changing our justice system. Reforms proposed to combat police violence are receiving attention, but we cannot stop there. Prison reform still demands our attention. Members of our communities are still in need of our help to end their prolonged victimization at the hands of the current justice system. The definition of justice is dictated by the people. It is time we step up to the challenge of doing so.

Peter Nicholas Cooke (23C) is from Atlanta, Georgia.

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Unlocking the Bars on Life: Understanding Criminal Justice Reform - The Emory Wheel

Frederick Douglas saw hope in the Declaration of Independence – St. Albans Messenger

During this past Fourth of July weekend many people were posting on social media that the Fourth of July should not be celebrated because slavery was practiced when the Declaration of Independence was written. To further support their assertion, they used an excerpt of Frederick Douglass keynote address at an Independence Day celebration in Rochester, New York on July 5, 1852 that asked, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?"

Learning about history and understanding it in the context of time is so very important. When I read Frederick Douglass whole speech, instead of just the small section that was posted, I had a very different perspective. I personally feel the strongest section of that speech is at the conclusion:

Allow me to say, in conclusion, notwithstanding the dark picture I have this day presented, of the state of the nation, I do not despair of this country. There are forces in operation which must inevitably work the downfall of slaveryI, therefore, leave off where I began, with hope. While drawing encouragement from "the Declaration of Independence," the great principles it contains, and the genius of American Institutions, my spirit is also cheered by the obvious tendencies of the age

The obvious tendencies of the age he refers to were referencing a greater ease of communication. Certainly, if Douglass, a fugitive slave in the 1800s could hold much hope and encouragement from the Declaration of Independence, so we can, too, have encouragement. Constructive communication and finding common ground can heal the racial tensions we are experiencing today. We have a lot to learn from Frederick Douglass. Americans of every background can celebrate the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, the document that started this country but also laid the groundwork for the abolition of slavery.

You can read his entire speech here: masshumanities.org/files/programs/douglass/speech_complete.pdf

Patricia Crocker

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Frederick Douglas saw hope in the Declaration of Independence - St. Albans Messenger

Viewpoints: ‘Hamilton’ is actually perfect for this moment – The Daily Herald

Daveed Diggs portrays Thomas Jefferson in a filmed version of the original Broadway production of Hamilton. (Disney Plus via AP)

By Tyler Sperrazza / The Washington Post

Americans rush to watch Hamilton on Disney Plus has reignited conversations about the award-winning musical during a time of racial reckoning for the United States. While early criticism of the play in 2016 focused on its glorification of the Founders and the institutions they championed, the focus has now shifted to the shows erasure of slavery, the politics of Lin Manuel Miranda and the creative teams silence in the wake of George Floyds killing, which Miranda apologized for in a video on May 30.

But while it is easy to attack a single 2-hour musical for not solving racism (much in the way many blame Barack Obama for not solving racism) the show was groundbreaking when it first launched in a moment eerily similar to now. The show debuted at the Public Theater five months after the police killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Mo., amid a national uprising spurred by the Black Lives Matter movement. And now, the films premiere on Disney Plus in the context of the protests spurred by the police killing of Breonna Taylor, George Floyd and others reminds us that it is critical and perhaps even the perfect show for this moment.

Why? Because Hamilton rests on the long tradition of black and brown theater makers using their craft to subvert white Americas dominant narratives. Since the Reconstruction Era, black theater has offered a space to present a counter-perspective of American nationalism; the perspective that centers on black voices and black experiences.

Theater has long been a venue for creating meaning from the nations history, and often its most violent eras. In Hamilton, Miranda forces his audience to confront the fundamental paradox of the American Revolution: How could a war fought for freedom also uphold slavery? But the script rarely asks that question. Instead, the presence of black men and women embodying the founding generation demands an answer every time they step onstage. Mirandas project follows a long line of black playwrights and theater makers who have interpreted and reinterpreted Americas wars onstage since the Reconstruction Era.

In the wake of the Civil War, over 180,000 black men who had served in the United States Colored Troops arrived home looking for ways to commemorate their time served and to memorialize the war as a war to end slavery. Many formed veterans organizations under the umbrella of the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), the largest and most politically powerful Union veterans organization in the nation.

The white membership of the GAR almost universally adopted the dominant narrative being peddled to ascribe meaning to the Civil War: It was fought to preserve the Union; the abolition of slavery was merely a fortunate by-product of the nations reunification. Like the majority of white Americans, these veterans also believed that Reconstruction was about this reconciliation, not addressing racial inequality. To that end, white GAR members commissioned and wrote dozens of melodramatic plays that pushed the narrative of a war fought to preserve the Union.

Black veterans within GAR, however, balked at this interpretation of the war, and some used theater to challenge it. In 1871, the racially integrated Sedgwick Post of the GAR in Norwich, Conn., commissioned The Volunteer, which incorporated a sharp critique of any narrative that dismissed slaverys role in the war. The play explicitly mentioned the greater sacrifices made by black soldiers because of their inhumane treatment at the hands of Confederate armies.

Another integrated post in Springfield, Mass., performed The Post of Honor, which centered on a black soldier heroically fighting to end slavery. Newspapers reported large crowds at these integrated performances, reflecting the desire of black Americans to centralize black stories in public interpretations of the war.

In the wake of Reconstruction and through the turn of the 20th century, when Jim Crow segregation and white supremacist violence were sweeping the nation, multiple black playwrights used the stage to center black families experiences with lynching. Koritha Mitchells book, Living With Lynching, asserted that black communities used art to sustain conceptions of themselves as modern citizens in a nation that allowed their execution at the hands of white lynch mobs.

These lynching dramas countered the way in which lynch mobs openly celebrated the murders of black Americans. They demanded that attention be paid to the plight of black citizens at a time when governments, especially in the South, had codified segregation and endorsed African Americans deaths at the hands of white mobs. While these lynching dramas were not necessarily widely performed, the scripts themselves reflected what Mitchell refers to as self-conscious efforts to build community.

Black dreams for citizenship and equality were at the core of the scripts. Lynching plays focused on the experiences of black American families as a direct counter to the dominant narrative found in minstrel shows, vaudeville and mainstream melodrama that portrayed African Americans as violent animals or ignorant buffoons.

Black theater was critical to campaigns for racial equality long before the modern civil rights movement of the 1950s. W.E.B. Du Boiss pageant, The Star of Ethiopia, portrayed by a cast of more than 300 black performers, asserted the importance of black Americans to the founding of the United States. The pageant premiered in New York in 1913 as part of the National Emancipation Exposition commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation.

In his 1916 essay, The Drama Among Black Folk, Du Bois explained the significance of subverting the dominant historical narrative, claiming that pageants like The Star of Ethiopia presented black Americans with the meaning of their history and their rich emotional life while simultaneously revealing black Americans to the white world as a human, feeling thing. Like the lynching dramas and plays for black veterans, Du Boiss black theater humanized African Americans in ways that the dominant white narrative never could. It allowed black voices to tell black stories, and insert themselves into the nations whitewashed history.

This is why Hamilton and the legacies it builds upon are vital to our current moment. Sure, it does not offer a perfect history. But it is musical entertainment, not a piece of historical scholarship. Yet, what it does offer is a continued legacy of black and brown theater makers using the stage to deal with the historical contradictions of our nations founding. By putting black bodies into the roles of the founding generation, Hamilton forces white audiences to sit and consume a reinterpretation of our national mythology, which for too long has only celebrated the work of white men.

As the country debates how history is portrayed through monuments and statues, the reintroduction of Hamilton streaming into our living rooms reminds us of how artists of color can use a tradition deeply rooted in the history of African American theater to reshape the dominant national narrative. Black theater has long offered a master class in anti-racist pedagogy and practice, and now, thanks to the Hamilton film, hundreds of thousands of Americans are paying attention.

Tyler Sperrazza researches black theater history and civil rights in the postbellum, pre-Harlem era.

Gallery

Chris Jackson portrays George Washington (left) and Lin-Manuel Miranda portrays Alexander Hamilton in a filmed version of the original Broadway production of Hamilton. (Disney Plus via AP)

From left, Daveed Diggs, Okieriete Onaodowan, Lin-Manuel Miranda, Leslie Odom Jr. and Anthony Ramos appear in a filmed version of the original Broadway production of Hamilton. (Disney Plus via AP)

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Viewpoints: 'Hamilton' is actually perfect for this moment - The Daily Herald

Five Halifax councillors wouldn’t support letter advocating abolition of nuclear weapons – Halifax Examiner

Coun. Bill Karsten speaks during Tuesdays nuclear weapon debate.

It was meant to be a symbolic gesture a wish for peace but concerns over jurisdictional meddling kept some of Richard Zurawskis colleagues from fully supporting his call to abolish nuclear weapons.

Zurawski brought the four-part motion to councils meeting on Tuesday. It read in full:

That Halifax Regional Council:

This motion is a commemoration, a wish for peace, a wish for the abolition of nuclear weapons and a small act on our behalf to write a letter in support of those in the federal government who would support the abolition of nuclear weapons, Zurawski said.

Coun. Bill Karsten was the most vocal opponent of Zurawskis motion.

Its not about me being a warmonger or me thinking this is great to have nuclear weapons in the world, Karsten said.

What it is for me is so near and dear to my hear; its jurisdictional.

Karsten was worried about stepping on the toes of the federal government which has yet to sign or ratify the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, according to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons website.

We dont know the federal governments position, Karsten said. Why would a council in Halifax, Nova Scotia want to weigh in on something that in reality is the federal governments responsibility?

Coun. Stephen Adams had the same concern, and also worried that the third part, allowing the creation of removable chalk outlines on the Grand Parade, would encourage gathering during the pandemic.

I have an immense amount of respect for Councillor Zurawski and I understand why hes brought this forward, Adams said. I get that, but as Councillor Karsten said, its a bit outside what we should do and who knows what it will lead to.

Coun. David Hendsbee expressed concern that the motion might lead to Halifax declaring itself a nuclear-free zone meaning big U.S. Navy ships carrying nuclear weapons wouldnt be welcome in the harbour. He was assured that wouldnt be the case.

The first part of the motion passed with only Karsten voting no. The second part passed unanimously. The third part passed with only Adams voting no.

On the fourth part the letter councillors Steve Streatch, David Hendsbee, Lorelei Nicoll, Sam Austin, Richard Zurawski, Paul Russell, Tim Outhit and Mayor Mike Savage and Deputy Mayor Lisa Blackburn voted yes.

Councillors Bill Karsten, Tony Mancini, Russell Walker, Stephen Adams, and Matt Whitman voted no.

Tuesdays motion was reminiscent of another by Zurawski. In 2018, he sought his colleagues support for a motion opposing offshore oil drilling.

As the Halifax Examiner reported the next day:

Zurawski cited the release of the International Panel on Climate Changes most recent report last week, which underscored the need to cut greenhouse gas emissions pretty much immediately or face irreversible climate change and all the human horrors that will come along with it.

The reason for this motion is a message to the public that we must stop this we have a dire report saying the continued use of fossil fuels is bad said Zurawaski, and the offshore is the epitome of continued use of fossil fuels.

The motion was defeated on a 10-6 votes. The yes votes (in opposition to drilling) came from councillors ShawnCleary, Lisa Blackburn, Stephen Adams, Waye Mason, Lindell Smith, and Zurawski. Mayor Mike Savage is in China and so didnt vote. All others voted pro-drilling.

Understand this was a toothless motion. Had it passed, it would have had no force of law. Stephen McNeil and his government would have kept on with their plans to expand the offshore. The motion was merely symbolic, a statement of concern.

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Five Halifax councillors wouldn't support letter advocating abolition of nuclear weapons - Halifax Examiner

In Plain Sight skywriting project targets US culture of incarceration: ‘We have a brief moment of clarity’ – The Guardian

If you look skyward on the fourth of July in the United States, you can usually expect to see fireworks burst forth above towns and cities as people celebrate Independence Day.

This year, in the sunny skies above the land of the free, the loaded question of independence for whom, and on whose terms? was brought into clear focus by sky-typing planes that wrote messages including CARE NOT CAGES, ABOLISH ICE and ESTOY AQUI (Im here) above detention facilities, immigration courts, borders, and historically significant sites in dozens of cities across the US.

The messages were part of In Plain Sight, an artwork by a coalition of 80 artists and activists. Over the course of a number of weeks, these messages will be delivered to the sky by two fleets of five planes. Founded by the interdisciplinary artists Cassils and rafa esparza, In Plain Sight is as ambitious in its scale as it is in its intention: working towards the abolition of immigrant detention and the US culture of incarceration.

I was shocked to learn that there are over 50,000 people in detention at any given moment, and that this is a for-profit industry, says Cassils, who is Canadian but lives in Los Angeles.

This is a humanitarian crisis. And its hiding in plain sight, thus the title. The idea is to really use the skywriting as a way of piercing through electoral politics, to focus on the fact that this is not a partisan issue.

Theres poetry to the skyward messages of In Plain Sight. It is literally visible, perhaps through windows of detention facilities, by the people whose liberation the action works towards. But it also recalls both the patriotic messages and red, white and blue smoke plumes that are daubed across the sky on 4 July.

Delivered by a method usually used to advertise car sales or insurance, In Plain Sight brings to mind the work of other artists who have harnessed the language of advertising, but does so in a uniquely 21st century fashion; its not just a shareable, photogenic action, but one that has an impact team led by the organiser, Set Hernandez Rongkilyo working to ensure the message lingers. In this way, the artists behind In Plain Sight hope to push the viewers experience of the artwork beyond contemplation and into direct action.

Oftentimes this speculative space that exists between an artwork and its reception by the viewer is filled with the hope that something generative is experienced by the viewer, esparza explains, saying the artists wanted to make something that can be of service to organisations that have been seeking justice for immigrant folks in detention for decades.

Sky-typing may appear, upon first glance, to be an ephemeral mode of performance (albeit one that can reach around 3 million people with each message), but the work will live on via the free Augmented Reality app 4th Wall: users will be able to see the messages floating in the sky above key locations they visit.

The hashtag #XMAP directs viewers to the accompanying website, xmap.us, allowing viewers intrigued by the heavenly messages to see, via geolocation, the detention facilities in their town. They will also be able to donate to local bond funds and engage with the 17 immigrant justice organisations involved such as ACLU Southern California, RAICES, and Freedom for Immigrants and their work being done on the ground.

The coalition of activists and artists involved is nearly as jaw dropping as the scale of the work, including former minister of culture for the Black Panther party, Emory Douglas, the Cree artist Kent Monkman, the conceptual artist Mary Kelly, the writer and performance artist ALOK Vaid-Menon and the revolutionary artist Dread Scott.

The Aboriginal Australian cross-disciplinary artist and writer SJ Norman contributed the message NO SUCH PLACE (the literal meaning of utopia), which appeared over the Laredo detention center in Texas. When Indigenous peoples speak the names of our nations we are frequently told, implicitly or explicitly, theres no such place, Norman said in the artists statement. The maintenance of the colonial project is contingent on atrocity and the perpetration of atrocity is largely contingent on denial. Settlers live with the ancestrally coded fear of losing what they know they stole in the first place.

Indeed, many Australians who shared the In Plain Sight images on social media were quick to note Australias significant rates of Aboriginal deaths in custody, incarceration and immigration detention such as the former Manus Island detainees now being held in Melbournes Mantra Hotel and how the inhumanity of such policies is magnified by the Covid-19 crisis.

The artists hope that as the messages fade from the sky, they will inspire in viewers a desire to bring about change. We knew it was ephemeral, but the quickness [with] which the wind erased the cloud really for me spoke to the moment were in currently, Cassils says. We have a brief moment of clarity with Covid, with uprisings, theres momentum thats building but we must act now, we must be relentless, we cannot give up.

The final fleets of planes will head to the skies in the coming weeks. Above the Statue of Liberty, where Emma Lazaruss inscribed sonnet Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free came to symbolise the hopefulness of immigration to the US, Dread Scotts message will float in the sky. It will read Carlos Ernesto Escobar Mejia, the name of the first immigrant to die in US detention from Covid-19.

In Plain Sight will continue in July, weather permitting. Visit xmap.us or follow @inplainsightmap on Instagram for updates

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In Plain Sight skywriting project targets US culture of incarceration: 'We have a brief moment of clarity' - The Guardian