Protect the Institutionalized and Defeat the Inhumanity of Eugenics – CNSNews.com

A horse visits the elderly. (Photo credit: Elizabeth W. Kearley/Getty Images)

In 2006, I was invited to speak in Alkoven, Austria at a conference on human rights located adjacent toHartheim Castle. Hartheim Castle was built in the ninth century and, in the 19thcentury, it came to serve as a home for children with physical and mental disabilities.

However, in the early 1940s, Hartheims humanitarian purpose was poisoned by the Nazi government as it began to use the castle for itsT4 euthanasia program, a nationwide eugenics program managed by mostly German physicians with the intent to eradicate those seen as being unworthy of lifein this case, the institutionalized.

This included the incurably ill, mentally or physically disabled, the elderly, and the emotionally distraught. In the hierarchy of Nazi values, inferiors like these were exterminated. Indeed, it is estimated that the T4 program was responsible for the death of upwards of 200,000 individuals either by starvation, lethal injection, or poison gas. The T4 program started before the Holocaust, in which 6 million people, predominately of Jewish heritage, were murdered. During my visit, I toured Hartheim Castle where 30,000 of these so-called inferiors fell victim to the T4 program. It was a harrowing experience.

Unbeknownst to most Americans, the eugenics movement was becoming a full-fledged intellectual craze in the United States some 20 years prior to Germanys T4 program. U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas documents this grim history in his concurring opinion inBox v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc.

Justice Thomas writes that the U.S. eugenics movement undermined the American education system, particularly among progressives, professionals, and intellectual elites. Perhaps surprisingly, leaders in the eugenics movement held prominent positions at Harvard, Stanford, and Yale, among other schools, and eugenics was taught at 376 universities and colleges.

Justice Thomas asserts that there was an aggressive movement to convince the government to enact eugenics laws targeting black people who were considered inferior to the white race. Thomas notes, however, that although race was pertinent, eugenicists did not qualify a persons fitness solely by race. He writes thata typical list of dysgenic individuals would also include some combination of the feeble-minded, insane, criminalistic, deformed, crippled, epileptic, inebriate, diseased, blind, deaf, and dependent (including orphans and paupers).

As the scope of the atrocities of the Holocaust came to light, the U.S. eugenics movement was dealt a serious blow it had been their ideology that facilitated the murder of millions. However, times changed, and in 1973 the U.S. Supreme Court passedRoe v. Wade, which led to the legalization of abortion throughout theentirety of pregnancy. Abortion as we know it today has become a vehicle for a modern-day eugenics program, this time under the banner of choice rather than compulsion.

Since 1973, the U.S. has permitted the legal murder of more than60 million children. Tragically, upwards of70 percentof mothers whose children are given a prenatal disability diagnosis, like Down Syndrome, abort to avoid the possibility of a disabled child.

Simultaneously, euthanasia confronts those who are institutionalized due to incurable illness, cognitive disability, old age, and medical dependency. In other words, the dysgenic individuals identified by Justice Thomas are still at risk today, both pre-born and born, but the basis for their elimination is disguised behind pleasant-sounding euphemisms.

Whether one earns the full rights of a human person increasingly depends on the degree of ones cognitive capacitiesanarbitrary and dehumanizing standard by design. If a person does not meet society'sever-changing criteria of humanity, then life-affirming care can be stripped from the individual by subjective decision-makers who adhere to what they call a quality-of-life assessment. Rather than recognizing the inherent dignity of all human life, this assessment focuses on productivity, utility, and economic status. Human rights and due process are noticeably absent under this new regime.

Indeed, since the first end-of-life case was heard by theNew Jersey Supreme Courtnearly forty years ago, the right to die has gained broader cultural acceptance with the near universal backing of academia, particularly in medical and law schools. New generations are taught that physicians are the arbiters of the value of life rather than patients themselves or their loved ones.

New laws and policies seek to enshrine subjectivity and quality of life assessments as paramount, to officially label some human beings as unworthy of life. Indeed,Michael Hickson, a 46-year-old disabled man who was starved and died from untreated sicknesses related to COVID-19 after physicians refused to treat him on quality-of-life grounds, represents one of the latest victims of our new regime. Mr. Hicksons tragedy illustrates how we deny care to those who have become burdensome to us.

The deadly-by-design consequences of our new regime are abundantly clear in the coronavirus pandemic. It began at a nursing home inWashington State, the center of the first known virus outbreak in the United States. The virus rapidly made its way across the country in institutions that were treating the disabled and elderly who were dying in frightening numbers. Concern quickly grew that the pandemic was particularly deadly to this population, so much so that the Trump administration issued a stern warning not to treat these individuals any differently if they contracted the virus.

Inexplicably, New York began forcing patients who had already contracted thecoronavirus into nursing homes with virus-free, at-risk patients. Unsurprisingly, New York quickly found itself dealing with an onslaught of deaths due to this high-risk population placed directly in the crosshairs of the virus.

The reaction of the nation is what you would hope as they were shocked and outraged with what was happening. Sadly, however, all the pandemic did was expose a prevailing attitude and what is occurring every day across countless nursing homes and health care systems: a prejudice toward the institutionalized, and the reality that we are a throwaway culture for those who have lost the ability to contribute in a way society decides is meaningful.

There are reasons for hope.Oklahoma Gov. Kevin Stitt recently signed the Nondiscrimination in Health Care Coverage Act, which puts an end to the rationing of health care based on quality-of-life assessments.

This is good news and underscores that laws exist to protect those most in need of protection.

Legitimate law and policy never endorse treating equal human beings as if they were not equal, or the violence, marginalization, or killing that makes such lethal bigotry a threat to our society.

Our hope lies in more leaders understanding the magnitude of what is happening and joining together with all walks of life people of all ages, backgrounds, and beliefs to foster a more equitable and justice-oriented future.

Bobby Schindler is a Senior Fellow with Americans United for Life, Associate Scholar at the Charlotte Lozier Institute, and President of the Terri Schiavo Life & Hope Network.

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Protect the Institutionalized and Defeat the Inhumanity of Eugenics - CNSNews.com

Letter: Where are the protests about abortion? | The Globe – The Globe

Sometime this coming week in the Twin Cities and other U.S. cities, an adult stranger will enter the room of a small child. The child will sense something is wrong as the adult begins to prod and make contact with some type of metal instrument. The child will try to move away, but the room is very small, so any means of escape are blocked off. The instrument will now clamp onto the childs limb or torso and proceed to tear, pull and crush. The child will scream, but no one will hear because the room is too well insulated. The screams will eventually stop. His or her body parts will be incinerated, or maybe even be sold to some health research center.

No name will be given and no grave will be marked for the unwanted child, whose unique personality is known only to God.

With all the opinions on racism in the media, do any of them deal with the following:

1. Do any of the protests condemn the taking of lives of Black babies at abortion centers?

2. Margaret Sanger, who founded Planned Parenthood, believed in eugenics: the mass of ignorant Negroes still breed carelessly and disastrously, so that the increase among Negroes, even more than the increase among whites, is from that part of the population least intelligent and fit, and least able to rear their children properly. (Birth Control Review, Volume XXII, Number 8 (New Series, May 1938, the Negro Number)

Do any of the protesters deal with Planned Parenthoods founder? Do they protest at Planned Parenthood?

A St. Cloud Times editorial stated: We want the best leadership we can get for our cities, schools, counties and state ensuring protection of the rights of every American, born or naturalized. What kind of leadership is it when our two U.S. Senators, Smith and Klobuchar vote to allow killing of children who survive an abortion?

What so ever you do to the least of my people, that you do unto me (Matt. 25:40)

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Letter: Where are the protests about abortion? | The Globe - The Globe

Tar Heels stomped out the Phantoms; Scorpions next? – Elkin Jonesville Tribune

Stephen Harris

Back in the Hometown

A news reports in from an alternate Earth in the DC Comics Multiverse:

A large gathering of multicultural protesters from Minneapolis, San Francisco and New York City converged today on the north quad of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, surrounded the Silent Sam Confederate soldier statue and vehemently chanted for hours, demanding that UNC drop its nickname, the White Phantoms.

That last parts true. North Carolinas sports teams once were called the Phantoms, principally its undefeated 1923-24 basketball team (before the Dean Smith era) that posthumously was named the universitys first national champions.

The Phantom nickname didnt stick, however, and by 1950 those at the school had settled on Tar Heels, the nickname of the state.

Now, a small Chapel Hill group called Union Soldier Campaign has called for the elimination of Tar Heels as UNC-CHs nickname because of its association with Confederate soldiers. Imagine the sticky situation (heh-heh) today if the nickname instead was still White Phantoms (white from the uniforms, phantoms because of untouchable speed nothing to do with racism).

Tar Heel also has nothing to do with racism or blackness except for the natural color of tar. Eastern North Carolinas extensive pine forests once produced tar and pitch starting before the Revolutionary War to help waterproof and preserve wooden sailing ships. When Cornwallis British Redcoats crossed the Tar River in 1781 trying to conquer North Carolina, their shoes became stained by tar dumped in the river by Patriots, my old UNC-CH N.C. history professor the late Bill Powell once taught.

But because Confederate commander Robert E. Lee once famously praised God bless the Tar Heel boys during the Civil War for North Carolina soldiers sticking to their ground in battle, it now provides an opening for an attack on the hallowed nickname.

Whats puzzling in all of this is the silence surrounding more problematic nicknames at Duke and Wake Forest.

The Blue Devils of Duke were named by a 1921 student newspaper contest after les Diables Bleus, a group of French soldiers in World War I known for long blue capes worn in the cold Alps mountains. The nickname has nothing to do with devilment or Satanism, so the nickname is left alone.

Similarly, the student newspaper at Wake Forest, back when the school was in Wake County, named that colleges sports teams Demon Deacons following a coy 1923 description of devilish play against the Blue Devils. Wake Forest had been called The Baptists, a reference to the schools denominational origins. Again, no ties to Satan.

Even N.C. States cute wolfpack moniker has not avoided attack. In 1946, chancellor John Harrelson did not like wolfpack. He famously said the only thing lower than a wolf is a snake in the grass. Harrelson asked students to come up with a new nickname. They refused.

Weve yet to hear from UNC-CH or the governor about the modern assault on Tar Heels. History and heritage and good sense may just win out on this one.

North Carolina residents have sat back on their heels ever since, happy to be Tar Heels, once opined professor Powell, so often quick with a wicked little grin and a playful poke at a rival. Whod want to be a Sandlapper, anyway? Oh, professor, better let the South Carolinians alone during these sensitive times. As well as those on the mountain of conceit, as you described Virginia.

Now, East Wilkes Middle School, about that disgusting nickname Scorpions

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Tar Heels stomped out the Phantoms; Scorpions next? - Elkin Jonesville Tribune

SLIDESHOW: Black Lives Matter Rally takes place at the Beverly City Hall – The Salem News

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SLIDESHOW: Black Lives Matter Rally takes place at the Beverly City Hall - The Salem News

Six Things Everyone Should Know About Quantum Physics

Quantum physics is usually just intimidating from the get-go. It's kind of weird and can seem counter-intuitive, even for the physicists who deal with it every day. But it's not incomprehensible. If you're reading something about quantum physics, there are really six key concepts about it that you should keep in mind. Do that, and you'll find quantum physics a lot easier to understand.

Everything Is Made Of Waves; Also, Particles

Light as both a particle and a wave. (Image credit: Fabrizio Carbone/EPFL)

There's lots of places to start this sort of discussion, and this is as good as any: everything in the universe has both particle and wave nature, at the same time. There's a line in Greg Bear's fantasy duology (The Infinity Concerto and The Serpent Mage), where a character describing the basics of magic says "All is waves, with nothing waving, over no distance at all." I've always really liked that as a poetic description of quantum physics-- deep down, everything in the universe has wave nature.

Of course, everything in the universe also has particle nature. This seems completely crazy, but is an experimental fact, worked out by a surprisingly familiar process:

(there's also an animated version of this I did for TED-Ed).

Of course, describing real objects as both particles and waves is necessarily somewhat imprecise. Properly speaking, the objects described by quantum physics are neither particles nor waves, but a third category that shares some properties of waves (a characteristic frequency and wavelength, some spread over space) and some properties of particles (they're generally countable and can be localized to some degree). This leads to some lively debate within the physics education community about whether it's really appropriate to talk about light as a particle in intro physics courses; not because there's any controversy about whether light has some particle nature, but because calling photons "particles" rather than "excitations of a quantum field" might lead to some student misconceptions. I tend not to agree with this, because many of the same concerns could be raised about calling electrons "particles," but it makes for a reliable source of blog conversations.

This "door number three" nature of quantum objects is reflected in the sometimes confusing language physicists use to talk about quantum phenomena. The Higgs boson was discovered at the Large Hadron Collider as a particle, but you will also hear physicists talk about the "Higgs field" as a delocalized thing filling all of space. This happens because in some circumstances, such as collider experiments, it's more convenient to discuss excitations of the Higgs field in a way that emphasizes the particle-like characteristics, while in other circumstances, like general discussion of why certain particles have mass, it's more convenient to discuss the physics in terms of interactions with a universe-filling quantum field. It's just different language describing the same mathematical object.

Quantum Physics Is Discrete

These oscillations created an image of "frozen" light. (Credit: Princeton)

It's right there in the name-- the word "quantum" comes from the Latin for "how much" and reflects the fact that quantum models always involve something coming in discrete amounts. The energy contained in a quantum field comes in integer multiples of some fundamental energy. For light, this is associated with the frequency and wavelength of the light-- high-frequency, short-wavelength light has a large characteristic energy, which low-frequency, long-wavelength light has a small characteristic energy.

In both cases, though, the total energy contained in a particular light field is an integer multiple of that energy-- 1, 2, 14, 137 times-- never a weird fraction like one-and-a-half, , or the square root of two. This property is also seen in the discrete energy levels of atoms, and the energy bands of solids-- certain values of energy are allowed, others are not. Atomic clocks work because of the discreteness of quantum physics, using the frequency of light associated with a transition between two allowed states in cesium to keep time at a level requiring the much-discussed "leap second" added last week.

Ultra-precise spectroscopy can also be used to look for things like dark matter, and is part of the motivation for a low-energy fundamental physics institute.

This isn't always obvious-- even some things that are fundamentally quantum, like black-body radiation, appear to involve continuous distributions. But there's always a kind of granularity to the underlying reality if you dig into the mathematics, and that's a large part of what leads to the weirdness of the theory.

Quantum Physics Is Probabilistic

(Credit: Graham Barclay/Bloomberg News)

One of the most surprising and (historically, at least) controversial aspects of quantum physics is that it's impossible to predict with certainty the outcome of a single experiment on a quantum system. When physicists predict the outcome of some experiment, the prediction always takes the form of a probability for finding each of the particular possible outcomes, and comparisons between theory and experiment always involve inferring probability distributions from many repeated experiments.

The mathematical description of a quantum system typically takes the form of a "wavefunction," generally represented in equations by the Greek letter psi:. There's a lot of debate about what, exactly, this wavefunction represents, breaking down into two main camps: those who think of the wavefunction as a real physical thing (the jargon term for these is "ontic" theories, leading some witty person to dub their proponents "psi-ontologists") and those who think of the wavefunction as merely an expression of our knowledge (or lack thereof) regarding the underlying state of a particular quantum object ("epistemic" theories).

In either class of foundational model, the probability of finding an outcome is not given directly by the wavefunction, but by the square of the wavefunction (loosely speaking, anyway; the wavefunction is a complex mathematical object (meaning it involves imaginary numbers like the square root of negative one), and the operation to get probability is slightly more involved, but "square of the wavefunction" is enough to get the basic idea). This is known as the "Born Rule" after German physicist Max Born who first suggested this (in a footnote to a paper in 1926), and strikes some people as an ugly ad hoc addition. There's an active effort in some parts of the quantum foundations community to find a way to derive the Born rule from a more fundamental principle; to date, none of these have been fully successful, but it generates a lot of interesting science.

This is also the aspect of the theory that leads to things like particles being in multiple states at the same time. All we can predict is probability, and prior to a measurement that determines a particular outcome, the system being measured is in an indeterminate state that mathematically maps to a superposition of all possibilities with different probabilities. Whether you consider this as the system really being in all of the states at once, or just being in one unknown state depends largely on your feelings about ontic versus epistemic models, though these are both subject to constraints from the next item on the list:

Quantum Physics Is Non-Local

A quantum teleportation experiment in action. (Credit: IQOQI/Vienna)

The last great contribution Einstein made to physics was not widely recognized as such, mostly because he was wrong. In a 1935 paper with his younger colleagues Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen (the "EPR paper"), Einstein provided a clear mathematical statement of something that had been bothering him for some time, an idea that we now call "entanglement."

The EPR paper argued that quantum physics allowed the existence of systems where measurements made at widely separated locations could be correlated in ways that suggested the outcome of one was determined by the other. They argued that this meant the measurement outcomes must be determined in advance, by some common factor, because the alternative would require transmitting the result of one measurement to the location of the other at speeds faster than the speed of light. Thus, quantum mechanics must be incomplete, a mere approximation to some deeper theory (a "local hidden variable" theory, one where the results of a particular measurement do not depend on anything farther away from the measurement location than a signal could travel at the speed of light ("local"), but are determined by some factor common to both systems in an entangled pair (the "hidden variable")).

This was regarded as an odd footnote for about thirty years, as there seemed to be no way to test it, but in the mid-1960's the Irish physicist John Bell worked out the consequences of the EPR paper in greater detail. Bell showed that you can find circumstances in which quantum mechanics predicts correlations between distant measurements that are stronger than any possible theory of the type preferred by E, P, and R. This was tested experimentally in the mid-1970's by John Clauser, and a series of experiments by Alain Aspect in the early 1980's is widely considered to have definitively shown that these entangled systems cannot possibly be explained by any local hidden variable theory.

The most common approach to understanding this result is to say that quantum mechanics is non-local: that the results of measurements made at a particular location can depend on the properties of distant objects in a way that can't be explained using signals moving at the speed of light. This does not, however, permit the sending of information at speeds exceeding the speed of light, though there have been any number of attempts to find a way to use quantum non-locality to do that. Refuting these has turned out to be a surprisingly productive enterprise-- check out David Kaiser's How the Hippies Saved Physics for more details. Quantum non-locality is also central to the problem of information in evaporating black holes, and the "firewall" controversy that has generated a lot of recent activity. There are even some radical ideas involving a mathematical connection between the entangled particles described in the EPR paper and wormholes.

Quantum Physics Is (Mostly) Very Small

Images of a hydrogen atom as seen through a quantum telescope. (Credit: Stodolna et al. Phys. Rev.... [+] Lett.)

Quantum physics has a reputation of being weird because its predictions are dramatically unlike our everyday experience (at least, for humans-- the conceit of my book is that it doesn't seem so weird to dogs). This happens because the effects involved get smaller as objects get larger-- if you want to see unambiguously quantum behavior, you basically want to see particles behaving like waves, and the wavelength decreases as the momentum increases. The wavelength of a macroscopic object like a dog walking across the room is so ridiculously tiny that if you expanded everything so that a single atom in the room were the size of the entire Solar System, the dog's wavelength would be about the size of a single atom within that solar system.

This means that, for the most part, quantum phenomena are confined to the scale of atoms and fundamental particles, where the masses and velocities are small enough for the wavelengths to get big enough to observe directly. There's an active effort in a bunch of areas, though, to push the size of systems showing quantum effects up to larger sizes. I've blogged a bunch about experiments by Markus Arndt's group showing wave-like behavior in larger and larger molecules, and there are a bunch of groups in "cavity opto-mechanics" trying to use light to slow the motion of chunks of silicon down to the point where the discrete quantum nature of the motion would become clear. There are even some suggestions that it might be possible to do this with suspended mirrors having masses of several grams, which would be amazingly cool.

Quantum Physics Is Not Magic

Comic from "Surviving the World" by Dante Shepherd. (http://survivingtheworld.net/Lesson1518.html )... [+] Used with permission.

The previous point leads very naturally into this one: as weird as it may seem, quantum physics is most emphatically not magic. The things it predicts are strange by the standards of everyday physics, but they are rigorously constrained by well-understood mathematical rules and principles.

So, if somebody comes up to you with a "quantum" idea that seems too good to be true-- free energy, mystical healing powers, impossible space drives-- it almost certainly is. That doesn't mean we can't use quantum physics to do amazing things-- you can find some really cool physics in mundane technology-- but those things stay well within the boundaries of the laws of thermodynamics and just basic common sense.

So there you have it: the core essentials of quantum physics. I've probably left a few things out, or made some statements that are insufficiently precise to please everyone, but this ought to at least serve as a useful starting point for further discussion.

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Six Things Everyone Should Know About Quantum Physics

quantum mechanics | Definition, Development, & Equations …

Quantum mechanics, science dealing with the behaviour of matter and light on the atomic and subatomic scale. It attempts to describe and account for the properties of molecules and atoms and their constituentselectrons, protons, neutrons, and other more esoteric particles such as quarks and gluons. These properties include the interactions of the particles with one another and with electromagnetic radiation (i.e., light, X-rays, and gamma rays).

Britannica Quiz

All About Physics Quiz

What is the name of the theoretical explanation of the behaviour of subatomic particles offered by British physicist P.A.M. Dirac in the 1920s?

The behaviour of matter and radiation on the atomic scale often seems peculiar, and the consequences of quantum theory are accordingly difficult to understand and to believe. Its concepts frequently conflict with common-sense notions derived from observations of the everyday world. There is no reason, however, why the behaviour of the atomic world should conform to that of the familiar, large-scale world. It is important to realize that quantum mechanics is a branch of physics and that the business of physics is to describe and account for the way the worldon both the large and the small scaleactually is and not how one imagines it or would like it to be.

The study of quantum mechanics is rewarding for several reasons. First, it illustrates the essential methodology of physics. Second, it has been enormously successful in giving correct results in practically every situation to which it has been applied. There is, however, an intriguing paradox. In spite of the overwhelming practical success of quantum mechanics, the foundations of the subject contain unresolved problemsin particular, problems concerning the nature of measurement. An essential feature of quantum mechanics is that it is generally impossible, even in principle, to measure a system without disturbing it; the detailed nature of this disturbance and the exact point at which it occurs are obscure and controversial. Thus, quantum mechanics attracted some of the ablest scientists of the 20th century, and they erected what is perhaps the finest intellectual edifice of the period.

At a fundamental level, both radiation and matter have characteristics of particles and waves. The gradual recognition by scientists that radiation has particle-like properties and that matter has wavelike properties provided the impetus for the development of quantum mechanics. Influenced by Newton, most physicists of the 18th century believed that light consisted of particles, which they called corpuscles. From about 1800, evidence began to accumulate for a wave theory of light. At about this time Thomas Young showed that, if monochromatic light passes through a pair of slits, the two emerging beams interfere, so that a fringe pattern of alternately bright and dark bands appears on a screen. The bands are readily explained by a wave theory of light. According to the theory, a bright band is produced when the crests (and troughs) of the waves from the two slits arrive together at the screen; a dark band is produced when the crest of one wave arrives at the same time as the trough of the other, and the effects of the two light beams cancel. Beginning in 1815, a series of experiments by Augustin-Jean Fresnel of France and others showed that, when a parallel beam of light passes through a single slit, the emerging beam is no longer parallel but starts to diverge; this phenomenon is known as diffraction. Given the wavelength of the light and the geometry of the apparatus (i.e., the separation and widths of the slits and the distance from the slits to the screen), one can use the wave theory to calculate the expected pattern in each case; the theory agrees precisely with the experimental data.

By the end of the 19th century, physicists almost universally accepted the wave theory of light. However, though the ideas of classical physics explain interference and diffraction phenomena relating to the propagation of light, they do not account for the absorption and emission of light. All bodies radiate electromagnetic energy as heat; in fact, a body emits radiation at all wavelengths. The energy radiated at different wavelengths is a maximum at a wavelength that depends on the temperature of the body; the hotter the body, the shorter the wavelength for maximum radiation. Attempts to calculate the energy distribution for the radiation from a blackbody using classical ideas were unsuccessful. (A blackbody is a hypothetical ideal body or surface that absorbs and reemits all radiant energy falling on it.) One formula, proposed by Wilhelm Wien of Germany, did not agree with observations at long wavelengths, and another, proposed by Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) of England, disagreed with those at short wavelengths.

In 1900 the German theoretical physicist Max Planck made a bold suggestion. He assumed that the radiation energy is emitted, not continuously, but rather in discrete packets called quanta. The energy E of the quantum is related to the frequency by E = h. The quantity h, now known as Plancks constant, is a universal constant with the approximate value of 6.62607 1034 joulesecond. Planck showed that the calculated energy spectrum then agreed with observation over the entire wavelength range.

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quantum mechanics | Definition, Development, & Equations ...

The strange link between the human mind and quantum physics

"I cannot define the real problem, therefore I suspect there's no real problem, but I'm not sure there's no real problem."

The American physicist Richard Feynman said this about the notorious puzzles and paradoxes of quantum mechanics, the theory physicists use to describe the tiniest objects in the Universe. But he might as well have been talking about the equally knotty problem of consciousness.

Some scientists think we already understand what consciousness is, or that it is a mere illusion. But many others feel we have not grasped where consciousness comes from at all.

The perennial puzzle of consciousness has even led some researchers to invoke quantum physics to explain it. That notion has always been met with skepticism, which is not surprising: it does not sound wise to explain one mystery with another. But such ideas are not obviously absurd, and neither are they arbitrary.

For one thing, the mind seemed, to the great discomfort of physicists, to force its way into early quantum theory. What's more, quantum computers are predicted to be capable of accomplishing things ordinary computers cannot, which reminds us of how our brains can achieve things that are still beyond artificial intelligence. "Quantum consciousness" is widely derided as mystical woo, but it just will not go away.

Quantum mechanics is the best theory we have for describing the world at the nuts-and-bolts level of atoms and subatomic particles. Perhaps the most renowned of its mysteries is the fact that the outcome of a quantum experiment can change depending on whether or not we choose to measure some property of the particles involved.

When this "observer effect" was first noticed by the early pioneers of quantum theory, they were deeply troubled. It seemed to undermine the basic assumption behind all science: that there is an objective world out there, irrespective of us. If the way the world behaves depends on how or if we look at it, what can "reality" really mean?

The most famous intrusion of the mind into quantum mechanics comes in the "double-slit experiment"

Some of those researchers felt forced to conclude that objectivity was an illusion, and that consciousness has to be allowed an active role in quantum theory. To others, that did not make sense. Surely, Albert Einstein once complained, the Moon does not exist only when we look at it!

Today some physicists suspect that, whether or not consciousness influences quantum mechanics, it might in fact arise because of it. They think that quantum theory might be needed to fully understand how the brain works.

Might it be that, just as quantum objects can apparently be in two places at once, so a quantum brain can hold onto two mutually-exclusive ideas at the same time?

These ideas are speculative, and it may turn out that quantum physics has no fundamental role either for or in the workings of the mind. But if nothing else, these possibilities show just how strangely quantum theory forces us to think.

The most famous intrusion of the mind into quantum mechanics comes in the "double-slit experiment". Imagine shining a beam of light at a screen that contains two closely-spaced parallel slits. Some of the light passes through the slits, whereupon it strikes another screen.

Light can be thought of as a kind of wave, and when waves emerge from two slits like this they can interfere with each other. If their peaks coincide, they reinforce each other, whereas if a peak and a trough coincide, they cancel out. This wave interference is called diffraction, and it produces a series of alternating bright and dark stripes on the back screen, where the light waves are either reinforced or cancelled out.

The implication seems to be that each particle passes simultaneously through both slits

This experiment was understood to be a characteristic of wave behaviour over 200 years ago, well before quantum theory existed.

The double slit experiment can also be performed with quantum particles like electrons; tiny charged particles that are components of atoms. In a counter-intuitive twist, these particles can behave like waves. That means they can undergo diffraction when a stream of them passes through the two slits, producing an interference pattern.

Now suppose that the quantum particles are sent through the slits one by one, and their arrival at the screen is likewise seen one by one. Now there is apparently nothing for each particle to interfere with along its route yet nevertheless the pattern of particle impacts that builds up over time reveals interference bands.

The implication seems to be that each particle passes simultaneously through both slits and interferes with itself. This combination of "both paths at once" is known as a superposition state.

But here is the really odd thing.

If we place a detector inside or just behind one slit, we can find out whether any given particle goes through it or not. In that case, however, the interference vanishes. Simply by observing a particle's path even if that observation should not disturb the particle's motion we change the outcome.

The physicist Pascual Jordan, who worked with quantum guru Niels Bohr in Copenhagen in the 1920s, put it like this: "observations not only disturb what has to be measured, they produce it We compel [a quantum particle] to assume a definite position." In other words, Jordan said, "we ourselves produce the results of measurements."

If that is so, objective reality seems to go out of the window.

And it gets even stranger.

If nature seems to be changing its behaviour depending on whether we "look" or not, we could try to trick it into showing its hand. To do so, we could measure which path a particle took through the double slits, but only after it has passed through them. By then, it ought to have "decided" whether to take one path or both.

The sheer act of noticing, rather than any physical disturbance caused by measuring, can cause the collapse

An experiment for doing this was proposed in the 1970s by the American physicist John Wheeler, and this "delayed choice" experiment was performed in the following decade. It uses clever techniques to make measurements on the paths of quantum particles (generally, particles of light, called photons) after they should have chosen whether to take one path or a superposition of two.

It turns out that, just as Bohr confidently predicted, it makes no difference whether we delay the measurement or not. As long as we measure the photon's path before its arrival at a detector is finally registered, we lose all interference.

It is as if nature "knows" not just if we are looking, but if we are planning to look.

Whenever, in these experiments, we discover the path of a quantum particle, its cloud of possible routes "collapses" into a single well-defined state. What's more, the delayed-choice experiment implies that the sheer act of noticing, rather than any physical disturbance caused by measuring, can cause the collapse. But does this mean that true collapse has only happened when the result of a measurement impinges on our consciousness?

It is hard to avoid the implication that consciousness and quantum mechanics are somehow linked

That possibility was admitted in the 1930s by the Hungarian physicist Eugene Wigner. "It follows that the quantum description of objects is influenced by impressions entering my consciousness," he wrote. "Solipsism may be logically consistent with present quantum mechanics."

Wheeler even entertained the thought that the presence of living beings, which are capable of "noticing", has transformed what was previously a multitude of possible quantum pasts into one concrete history. In this sense, Wheeler said, we become participants in the evolution of the Universe since its very beginning. In his words, we live in a "participatory universe."

To this day, physicists do not agree on the best way to interpret these quantum experiments, and to some extent what you make of them is (at the moment) up to you. But one way or another, it is hard to avoid the implication that consciousness and quantum mechanics are somehow linked.

Beginning in the 1980s, the British physicist Roger Penrose suggested that the link might work in the other direction. Whether or not consciousness can affect quantum mechanics, he said, perhaps quantum mechanics is involved in consciousness.

What if, Penrose asked, there are molecular structures in our brains that are able to alter their state in response to a single quantum event. Could not these structures then adopt a superposition state, just like the particles in the double slit experiment? And might those quantum superpositions then show up in the ways neurons are triggered to communicate via electrical signals?

Maybe, says Penrose, our ability to sustain seemingly incompatible mental states is no quirk of perception, but a real quantum effect.

Perhaps quantum mechanics is involved in consciousness

After all, the human brain seems able to handle cognitive processes that still far exceed the capabilities of digital computers. Perhaps we can even carry out computational tasks that are impossible on ordinary computers, which use classical digital logic.

Penrose first proposed that quantum effects feature in human cognition in his 1989 book The Emperor's New Mind. The idea is called Orch-OR, which is short for "orchestrated objective reduction". The phrase "objective reduction" means that, as Penrose believes, the collapse of quantum interference and superposition is a real, physical process, like the bursting of a bubble.

Orch-OR draws on Penrose's suggestion that gravity is responsible for the fact that everyday objects, such as chairs and planets, do not display quantum effects. Penrose believes that quantum superpositions become impossible for objects much larger than atoms, because their gravitational effects would then force two incompatible versions of space-time to coexist.

Penrose developed this idea further with American physician Stuart Hameroff. In his 1994 book Shadows of the Mind, he suggested that the structures involved in this quantum cognition might be protein strands called microtubules. These are found in most of our cells, including the neurons in our brains. Penrose and Hameroff argue that vibrations of microtubules can adopt a quantum superposition.

But there is no evidence that such a thing is remotely feasible.

It has been suggested that the idea of quantum superpositions in microtubules is supported by experiments described in 2013, but in fact those studies made no mention of quantum effects.

Besides, most researchers think that the Orch-OR idea was ruled out by a study published in 2000. Physicist Max Tegmark calculated that quantum superpositions of the molecules involved in neural signaling could not survive for even a fraction of the time needed for such a signal to get anywhere.

Other researchers have found evidence for quantum effects in living beings

Quantum effects such as superposition are easily destroyed, because of a process called decoherence. This is caused by the interactions of a quantum object with its surrounding environment, through which the "quantumness" leaks away.

Decoherence is expected to be extremely rapid in warm and wet environments like living cells.

Nerve signals are electrical pulses, caused by the passage of electrically-charged atoms across the walls of nerve cells. If one of these atoms was in a superposition and then collided with a neuron, Tegmark showed that the superposition should decay in less than one billion billionth of a second. It takes at least ten thousand trillion times as long for a neuron to discharge a signal.

As a result, ideas about quantum effects in the brain are viewed with great skepticism.

However, Penrose is unmoved by those arguments and stands by the Orch-OR hypothesis. And despite Tegmark's prediction of ultra-fast decoherence in cells, other researchers have found evidence for quantum effects in living beings. Some argue that quantum mechanics is harnessed by migratory birds that use magnetic navigation, and by green plants when they use sunlight to make sugars in photosynthesis.

Besides, the idea that the brain might employ quantum tricks shows no sign of going away. For there is now another, quite different argument for it.

In a study published in 2015, physicist Matthew Fisher of the University of California at Santa Barbara argued that the brain might contain molecules capable of sustaining more robust quantum superpositions. Specifically, he thinks that the nuclei of phosphorus atoms may have this ability.

Phosphorus atoms are everywhere in living cells. They often take the form of phosphate ions, in which one phosphorus atom joins up with four oxygen atoms.

Such ions are the basic unit of energy within cells. Much of the cell's energy is stored in molecules called ATP, which contain a string of three phosphate groups joined to an organic molecule. When one of the phosphates is cut free, energy is released for the cell to use.

Cells have molecular machinery for assembling phosphate ions into groups and cleaving them off again. Fisher suggested a scheme in which two phosphate ions might be placed in a special kind of superposition called an "entangled state".

Phosphorus spins could resist decoherence for a day or so, even in living cells

The phosphorus nuclei have a quantum property called spin, which makes them rather like little magnets with poles pointing in particular directions. In an entangled state, the spin of one phosphorus nucleus depends on that of the other.

Put another way, entangled states are really superposition states involving more than one quantum particle.

Fisher says that the quantum-mechanical behaviour of these nuclear spins could plausibly resist decoherence on human timescales. He agrees with Tegmark that quantum vibrations, like those postulated by Penrose and Hameroff, will be strongly affected by their surroundings "and will decohere almost immediately". But nuclear spins do not interact very strongly with their surroundings.

All the same, quantum behaviour in the phosphorus nuclear spins would have to be "protected" from decoherence.

This might happen, Fisher says, if the phosphorus atoms are incorporated into larger objects called "Posner molecules". These are clusters of six phosphate ions, combined with nine calcium ions. There is some evidence that they can exist in living cells, though this is currently far from conclusive.

I decided... to explore how on earth the lithium ion could have such a dramatic effect in treating mental conditions

In Posner molecules, Fisher argues, phosphorus spins could resist decoherence for a day or so, even in living cells. That means they could influence how the brain works.

The idea is that Posner molecules can be swallowed up by neurons. Once inside, the Posner molecules could trigger the firing of a signal to another neuron, by falling apart and releasing their calcium ions.

Because of entanglement in Posner molecules, two such signals might thus in turn become entangled: a kind of quantum superposition of a "thought", you might say. "If quantum processing with nuclear spins is in fact present in the brain, it would be an extremely common occurrence, happening pretty much all the time," Fisher says.

He first got this idea when he started thinking about mental illness.

"My entry into the biochemistry of the brain started when I decided three or four years ago to explore how on earth the lithium ion could have such a dramatic effect in treating mental conditions," Fisher says.

At this point, Fisher's proposal is no more than an intriguing idea

Lithium drugs are widely used for treating bipolar disorder. They work, but nobody really knows how.

"I wasn't looking for a quantum explanation," Fisher says. But then he came across a paper reporting that lithium drugs had different effects on the behaviour of rats, depending on what form or "isotope" of lithium was used.

On the face of it, that was extremely puzzling. In chemical terms, different isotopes behave almost identically, so if the lithium worked like a conventional drug the isotopes should all have had the same effect.

But Fisher realised that the nuclei of the atoms of different lithium isotopes can have different spins. This quantum property might affect the way lithium drugs act. For example, if lithium substitutes for calcium in Posner molecules, the lithium spins might "feel" and influence those of phosphorus atoms, and so interfere with their entanglement.

We do not even know what consciousness is

If this is true, it would help to explain why lithium can treat bipolar disorder.

At this point, Fisher's proposal is no more than an intriguing idea. But there are several ways in which its plausibility can be tested, starting with the idea that phosphorus spins in Posner molecules can keep their quantum coherence for long periods. That is what Fisher aims to do next.

All the same, he is wary of being associated with the earlier ideas about "quantum consciousness", which he sees as highly speculative at best.

Physicists are not terribly comfortable with finding themselves inside their theories. Most hope that consciousness and the brain can be kept out of quantum theory, and perhaps vice versa. After all, we do not even know what consciousness is, let alone have a theory to describe it.

We all know what red is like, but we have no way to communicate the sensation

It does not help that there is now a New Age cottage industry devoted to notions of "quantum consciousness", claiming that quantum mechanics offers plausible rationales for such things as telepathy and telekinesis.

As a result, physicists are often embarrassed to even mention the words "quantum" and "consciousness" in the same sentence.

But setting that aside, the idea has a long history. Ever since the "observer effect" and the mind first insinuated themselves into quantum theory in the early days, it has been devilishly hard to kick them out. A few researchers think we might never manage to do so.

In 2016, Adrian Kent of the University of Cambridge in the UK, one of the most respected "quantum philosophers", speculated that consciousness might alter the behaviour of quantum systems in subtle but detectable ways.

Kent is very cautious about this idea. "There is no compelling reason of principle to believe that quantum theory is the right theory in which to try to formulate a theory of consciousness, or that the problems of quantum theory must have anything to do with the problem of consciousness," he admits.

Every line of thought on the relationship of consciousness to physics runs into deep trouble

But he says that it is hard to see how a description of consciousness based purely on pre-quantum physics can account for all the features it seems to have.

One particularly puzzling question is how our conscious minds can experience unique sensations, such as the colour red or the smell of frying bacon. With the exception of people with visual impairments, we all know what red is like, but we have no way to communicate the sensation and there is nothing in physics that tells us what it should be like.

Sensations like this are called "qualia". We perceive them as unified properties of the outside world, but in fact they are products of our consciousness and that is hard to explain. Indeed, in 1995 philosopher David Chalmers dubbed it "the hard problem" of consciousness.

"Every line of thought on the relationship of consciousness to physics runs into deep trouble," says Kent.

This has prompted him to suggest that "we could make some progress on understanding the problem of the evolution of consciousness if we supposed that consciousnesses alters (albeit perhaps very slightly and subtly) quantum probabilities."

"Quantum consciousness" is widely derided as mystical woo, but it just will not go away

In other words, the mind could genuinely affect the outcomes of measurements.

It does not, in this view, exactly determine "what is real". But it might affect the chance that each of the possible actualities permitted by quantum mechanics is the one we do in fact observe, in a way that quantum theory itself cannot predict. Kent says that we might look for such effects experimentally.

He even bravely estimates the chances of finding them. "I would give credence of perhaps 15% that something specifically to do with consciousness causes deviations from quantum theory, with perhaps 3% credence that this will be experimentally detectable within the next 50 years," he says.

If that happens, it would transform our ideas about both physics and the mind. That seems a chance worth exploring.

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The strange link between the human mind and quantum physics

Of Viruses and the Limits of Masculine (Dys)topias – Resilience

Finally, we arrived at the conclusion that its health, and not the economy, stupid! We are faced with the evidence that the way we envision health care affects everything. The limitations of the current approach unfold in most tragic ways.

From a political point of view, the pandemic revealed that the promise of safety does not hold. Citizens cannot trust the system anymore to protect them. It is not the fault of the incumbents and public employees. It is the entire system of production that loses legitimacy. It does not correspond to our needs and it does not protect us from such dangers as a pandemic.

When I say mode of production, it is not about surgical masks and ventilators. Certainly, some may have wondered whether it would be in the national interest to have national suppliers for medical equipment so that they can be mobilized in the times of crisis. However, the questions about how to respond to the demand for hospital supplies are irrelevant when it is too late. They just show that there were many more questions that needed to be pondered upon before the outbreak of the crisis.

We have arrived at the limits of masculine, technocratic utopias. Living in the world of progress does not protect us from the problems of developing countries. The belief in medicine and vaccination exposes us to sudden and unexpected plagues. Pharmacological approaches can step in only after it is already too late.

What is a masculine utopia and why does it not work?

The theories about economy of scale convinced many that centralization in production is a good thing and a sign of progress. If you calculate the revenues for the few, maybe it does make sense for them but at high costs for the entire population.

COVID-19 sheds light on the limitations of the centralized supply. Amazon employees enjoying limited autonomy in the operation are forced to overwork, which undermines their immune system, and then they cannot protect themselves. Due to lack of adequate measures, they put themselves at risk and their families respectively. The damages to the local businesses that Amazon has induced now reveal themselves. There is more potential supply in neighborhoods and in conditions that the owners can control because they are in direct relation with their employees and customers rather than seeing them as an expendable crowd. If there would be a more de-centralized distribution system, there would be more autonomy in undertaking protective measures and finding creative solutions. More direct relations induce more care for another because of the inter-dependence between all parties.

The chicken processor Tyson, is reported to use a peracetic acid an antimicrobial as a replacement for antibiotics formerly fed to animals. Workers whose task is to spray this substance on carcasses experienced eye irritation, sore throats, headaches and sinus infections. A scientist suspects that it may damage lungs in long term exposure. An estimated 250,000 workers work with this sterilizer. The corona virus is particularly dangerous for them. Again, the perils of mass production are revealed.

When it comes to the necessities such as food, there are so many more questions to be asked in the context of a plague like this one. The lack of healthy food undermines immune systems. Caloric value, engineered by mass agriculture and centralized production, does not solve the problem, it only helps us survive another day. We cannot expect our bodies to deal with a malignant virus if they already have to deal with poisons in McDonalds meals. Holistic thinking about food in the case of health and production systems is noticeably absent in technocratic utopias although it has been obvious for dozens of years that food matters.*

Imagine that each citizen would be embedded in a decentralized network of food supply, which I propose in my feminine utopia. Self-organization of a part of the production process or stable long term relations with food producers promise more resilience in the times of a plague. It is easier to adapt the production process to include new safety measures. For example, the co-producing peers may decide for separate shifts so that less contact is necessary. In Washington, DC, I participated in a network linking consumers and producers. We took our orders from a backyard of one of the organizers.

Many diseases treated by the medical system are preventable. We do not need to handle the consequences of obesity, stress, or loneliness but rather eradicate the factors contributing to them. If there would be more systemic reflection in thinking about prevention, hospitals would be available for real emergencies. This is what medicine should be for acute cases. The rest can be solved by changing the conditions of living.

The philosophical underpinnings of the current system prevent the adequate dealing with the pandemic. It would make so much sense to get food supply under state control and redistribute daily meals to those vulnerable, while maintaining the operation of businesses. Giving temporary accommodation to those who may otherwise infect others, for example, the staff working in elder care would further protect the most vulnerable. This, however, would mean that food and housing are commons. Instead, governments are ready to pay for technological rather than subsistence measures, which does not touch upon the dogmas of private property.

The ongoing environmental damage is predicted to make humans vulnerable to further plagues. When biodiversity is on the wane, viruses have one particular species to live on humans.

We should already start preparing for the next pandemic. This time, it may be made in India. In the region of Hyderabad, the pharmacological companies leak waste into ground and water. We cannot imagine the viruses that are going to grow in this way. Using antibiotics in excess further contributes to strengthening viruses. One of the causes is the irresponsible prescription by doctors, which induces the development of viruses resistant to treatment antimicrobial resistance. In India, 60,000 babies a year are estimated to die because of this phenomenon. The main contribution to generating superbugs is most probably the practice of farmers of feeding antibiotics to animals as a way of making them fatter. Further imbalance in the eco-system is caused by irresponsible prescription of anti-depressants. Drugs in human waste enter the environment, which affects marine life by changing behavior of aquatic species and putting them in danger. In the UK, 7.3 million people were prescribed antidepressants in 2017-2018 according to The Guardian. In Australia, nearly one in ten adults takes anti-depressants.

These examples demonstrate that the cure in the hands of Big Pharma is actually worsening the health for all species. The future holds for us more stories of viruses and the limitations of masculine (dys)topias.

Naomi Klein warned that the quarantine may be used to increase the power of digital companies by strengthening the importance of their products and services in health and education. Coherent with her shock doctrine hypothesis that the periods of crisis are used by powerful actors to increase their power, she calls this shift the Screen New Deal. This development promises to further undermine the human resources in these crucial and understaffed services, whereas digital giants will accumulate more wealth.

Fortunately, there are other models than the centralized system of production. Initiatives within the framework of cosmolocalism have responded swiftly to the innovation needs of a response to Corona virus. Innovation in farming following the cosmolocal approach is implemented by Tzoumakers in Greece and LAtelier Paysan in France.** And lets not forget the growing movement of permaculture, community supported agriculture, buying clubs, consumer cooperatives, and small-scale farmers.

Katarzyna Gajewska, PhD, is an author and educator. You can contribute to her crowdfunding campaign to help publishing the feminine utopia Imagine a Sane Society or other forthcoming Creative Commons books. Listen to an excerpt! She does not want her work to benefit Amazon because she opposes its practices.

For more evidence of technocratic utopia disappointment, see Rutger Bregman (2017): Utopia for Realists: And How We Can Get There. New York: Little, Brown and Company.

* Among earlier conceptualizations on the relation between food and immunity to tuberculosis, see: Weston Price (1938/2010): Nutrition and Physical Degeneration: A Comparison of Primitive and Modern Diets and Their Effects. Oxford: Benediction Classics, p. 29. This book is in public domain.

Indian Parliament proposed restrictions in January 2020. Pharmacological industry representatives tried to water-down the constraints in March 2020. Andrew Wasley , Alexandra Heal , Madlen Davies (31 March 2020):Indian drug companies try to gut antibiotic pollution controls, The Bureau of Investigative Journalism.

Aniruddha Ghosal (2018):This is Indias Action Plan to Battle Superbugs That Kill 60,000 Newborns Every Year, News 18.

Mike Mcrae (2018):Your Antidepressants Are Ending Up in The Environment, Bathing Fish in a Drug Soup, ScienceAlert.

Mya Frazier (2020): If one of us gets sick, we all get sick: the food workers on the coronavirus front line. The Guardian, 17 April.

Naomi Klein (2020):Screen New Deal: Under Cover of Mass Death, Andrew Cuomo Calls in the Billionaires to Build a High-Tech Dystopia. The Intercept, 8 May.

** Vasilis Kostakis and Chris Giotitsas (2020):Intervention Small and local are not only beautiful; they can be powerful, Antipode Online.

Featured image: By Ambrosius Holbein Folger Shakespeare Library Digital Image Collection http://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/8855bx, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=41822513

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Of Viruses and the Limits of Masculine (Dys)topias - Resilience

Are we on the cusp of the ‘Age of Freedom’? | Greenbiz – GreenBiz

Anything with "technology convergence" and "climate change" in the same sentence captures my attention. Contextualize it in the "making or breaking of human civilization as we know it" and Im hooked and admittedly a tad skeptical.

Thats why I buckled up and dug into the recent 90-page report put forth by think tank RethinkX, co-founded by internationally recognized technologists and futurists Tony Seba and James Arbib. "Rethinking Humanity" makes the case that the convergence of key technologies is about to disrupt the five foundational sectors that underpin the global economy, and with them every major industry in the world.

Super heady stuff, to be sure.

The vision Seba and Arbib detail reads somewhat like a distant techno-utopia. But the vision they lay out isnt all that far off: Climate change solved and poverty eradicated within the next 15 years? Got my attention.

Given that Seba and Arbib have been impressively accurate over the past decade in predicting the speed and scale of technological disruption, I figured it was worth giving the analysis a closer look.

Focusing on the disruptive potential of emerging technologies in the information, energy, transportation, food and materials sectors, the report predicts that across all five and within the next 10 years we could see costs of key technologies fall by 10 times or more, production processes become 10 times more efficient, all while using 90 percent fewer natural resources and producing up to 100 times less waste.

What Seba and Arbib are calling the "fastest, deepest, most consequential transformation of human civilization in history" isnt just a reframe of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which we know is underway and being enabled by emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics and 3D printing. Indeed, many of their predictions will sound familiar to those conversant in technological change. But its not just the march of progress of individual technologies that will save us.

The report does not introduce this alluring vision as an absolute quite the contrary. Therein lies one big variable: Humans need to make it happen, and fast.

Instead, the report posits that we are on the cusp of the third age of humankind what they describe as "The Age of Freedom." This new era will be defined by a shift away from models of centralized extraction to localized creation; ones built, they say, not on coal, oil, steel, livestock and concrete, but on photons, electrons, DNA, molecules and qbits (a unit of quantum information).

They predict, for example, that the combination of cheap solar and grid storage will transform energy systems into entirely distributed models of self-generation in which electrons are virtually free. And that as the widespread adoption of autonomous electric vehicles replaces car ownership with on-demand ride sharing, well completely reimagine and redesign our roads, infrastructure and cityscapes.

Their vision for the future of food, outlined in greater detail in another report last year, predicts that traditional agriculture soon will be replaced by industrial-scale brewing of single-celled organisms, genetically modified to produce all the nutrients we need (say what?). Similar processes, combined with additive manufacturing and nanotechnologies, will allow us to create all the materials necessary to build infrastructure for the modern world from the molecule up, rather than by continuing to extract scarce and depleting natural resources.

These transformations mirror, in many ways, what weve seen already in the information sector in which the decentralization enabled by the internet has reduced barriers to communication and knowledge in ways unimaginable 25 years ago.

What may sound like a pipe dream is what Seba and Arbib claim could be a lifestyle akin to the "American Dream" in terms of energy consumption, transport needs, nutritional value, housing and education accessible to anyone for as little as $250 a month by 2030.

To be clear, the report does not introduce this alluring vision of The Age of Freedom as an absolute quite the contrary. Therein lies one big variable: Humans need to make it happen, and fast. Will the public embrace self-driving cars and genetically modified foods, among other innovations? Futurists have been wrong before about such things. (Werent we all supposed to be getting around in flying cars by now?)

"We can use the upcoming convergence of technology disruptions to solve the greatest challenges of humankind inequality, poverty, environmental destruction if, and only if, we learn from history, recognize what is happening, understand the implications and make critical choices now; because these very same technologies that hold such promise are also accelerating civilization's collapse," Seba said.

We can use the upcoming convergence of technology disruptions to solve the greatest challenges of humankind inequality, poverty, environmental destruction if, and only if, we learn from history ...

Indeed, we face an epic choice.

But, are utopia or dystopia really our only options? Is framing the path forward in a binary win-or-lose scenario actually accurate, let alone helpful for the business leaders, policy makers and citizens in whose hands such a complex set of decisions rest today? And what about the millions of people without access to jobs, food, housing or healthcare right now? Where do they fit into this grand, seemingly idyllic plan?

The report outlines a set of recommendations which, in many ways, seem as unlikelyas the vision theyre intended to enable. Giving individuals ownership of data rights, scaling new models for community ownership of energy and transportation networks, and allowing states and cities autonomy on policies such as immigration, taxation and public expenditure, for example, take time.

The rapid reimagining and restructuring of what they call our societys fundamental "Organizing System" is no small feat. And the report seems to gloss over many messy realities of how social change actually occurs.

Still, theres something compelling here. Regardless whetherSeba and Arbibs techno-utopian dream materializes in the ways theyve outlined, the report offers compelling ideas for building a more robust, resilient and equitable society than weve ever seen. It's certainly good fodder as we enter a decade that will, without question, be defined by great disruption and already is.

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Are we on the cusp of the 'Age of Freedom'? | Greenbiz - GreenBiz

Local minor leaguers grind through frustration of a summer without baseball – Pressconnects

Emily Jablon and students from the Binghamton Hosuing Authority are creating a mosaic for Columbus Park in Binghamton.

How to cope, stay sharp and fit and committed absent competitive baseball?

Ryan Clark is a regular in the weight room and pitching tunnels of the Bo Dome. Michael Osinski is wearing out that pitching machine firing sizzlers in the direction of his bat. Justin Topa figured, why not go ahead and build a backyard mound?

That trio from Broome County is among the masses of minor leaguers dealt a summer devoid of baseball. The three started at their organizations respective spring training facilities only to be shooed away in concert with the coronavirus outbreak.

Clark is a Johnson City native who pitches in the Los Angeles Angels organization, Osinski a Vestal High alum and corner infielder in the Boston Red Sox chain, and Topa a Chenango Valley graduate and pitcher in the Milwaukee Brewers organization.

Ryann Clark of Johnson City, a pitcher in the Angels organization, is among minor leaguers from Broome County whose careers are on hold.(Photo: Provided)

All were hopeful, eager, rip-roarin ready, until

Osinski received a text while gassing up his vehicle in Fort Myers, Florida, around supper hour that March evening. It said, everyone come to the field and grab your stuff because were sending everyone home. I packed my stuff and left Fort Myers around 8 that night.

Clark absorbed the news from MLB Network while getting his day started in the weight room in the Angels Tempe, Arizona, headquarters.

Topa was recipient of an email on a Thursday that informed the Brewers would be postponing all activities through the weekend. Then, literally Friday afternoon it was, Heres your flight home, he said.

Osinski, wholl turn 25 on August 4, is a fourth-year professional long on versatility. Hed played mostly third base, some first base and in abbreviated spring training was mixed in at second and acquainted to the corner outfield positions. He was coming off a 2019 season interrupted by a broken bone in his hand, incurred while batting in his sixth game of the season. Notably, he finished that game pre-diagnosis, in fact even grabbed a base hit.

Michael Osinski, Vestal High grad, in 2019 with Triple-A Pawtucket.(Photo: Provided)

The whole baseball world is in the same situation so you cant really look at it as a negative, he said. At this point you have to find something you can take advantage of when we come back. You have to get better any way possible, youve got to get something positive out of it no matter what. You cant go backward, you have to be moving forward.

Clark, 26 and a fifth-round draft choice of the Atlanta Braves in 2015, was primed as primed could be for his sixth professional season.

Its definitely frustrating, not in an anger way, he said. With no minor league season, people can get really upset about that or whatever. Im still happy because I still have a job playing baseball. They released a ton of guys, there were two waves of cuts. Im thankful the Angels think highly enough of me to keep me around.

The most frustrating part is, Im still continuing with my development, trying to get better every day. Ive been putting on live ABs here with other pro pitchers, some college guys. Were facing professional hitters and other college guys who arent with a big-league team.

This is the best Ive feltever. My velocity is right where I want it to be, my off-speed stuff is right where I want it. So the most frustrating part is, no matter how well I do right now, no one can see it. Like if this is the year where everything clicks, a really good year to set me up for next year, there is no record of it.

Similarly, there was much promise attached to an eighth professional season for 29-year-old Topa.

I think most frustrating for me is knowing how prepared I was going into the season, he said. I felt really well in spring training, I was fortunate enough to be what they call a major league backup, so I was at pretty much every major league spring training game this year and I ended up pitching in three or four. Its one of those things where theyd bring 3-4 guys to every game and if they hit their pitch limit or something happens, then these minor league guys will go in and help cover some innings.

Justin Topa, a Chenango Valley High graduate, doing work in 2019 with the Double-A Biloxi Shuckers.(Photo: Provided)

Last game, velocity was there, arm felt great, I was making a pretty good impression with the big-league staff. So, for everything to shut down and to have the minor league season canceled, thats the most frustrating part for sure.

Topa resides in West Chester, Pennsylvania, and is fortunate to have two nearby facilities hes utilized the last couple offseasons. However, shortly after his return from spring trainingthe state shut down gyms and the like.. And so, Plan B: Secure dumbbells for home workouts, construct that backyard pitching mound and enlist the services of a high school catcher to backstop his bullpens.

He eventually gained access to a gym for lifting purposes, and his go-to facility recently reopened.

Arms good, staying in shape, pretty much ready to go when we get the go-ahead, said Topa, whose initiation to minor league ball came at age 10 as a part-time Binghamton Mets bat boy, a gig that led to full-time detail at NYSEG Stadium.

Home for Clark and wife Anna these days is Dublin, Ohio, not far from Bo Jacksons Elite Sports in Columbus114,000 square feet, 75-foot-high ceiling, full-size infield, pitching tunnels, full weight room. Call it Utopia for the professional athlete bent on maintaining overall fitness and baseball shape.

Theres a great group of guys out here who all want the same thing, to pitch in the big leagues, he said. With the Dome and all the mounds they have in there, Im fortunate to have that resource as well. Where if I was, say, back home and Im trying to figure what fields I can get on and whos around to play catch or whod want to catch.

Ive gotten very lucky with my situation in Columbus, from offseasons to now, said Clark, who played last autumn in the Dominican RepublicThat was a blast, completely new culture and great competition.

Osinski has spent his downtime on the home front in Vestal. Taking it easy with the baseball stuff, honestly, not blowing myself out, he said. There are four-a-week batting sessions, thrice-a-week fielding ground balls on the high school turf, workouts at the house and camps to work in Cortland.

What he misses the most in this, his first baseball-free summer since age 5 or so?

Being able to suit up every night and play the game I love, being around all the guys, he said. Its been weird. In Zoom meetings we always have a good time and give it to each other like we do when were playing. But thats what I miss the most, being around the team and being able to play.

The future look of minor league ball when we emerge from the pandemic, given Major League Baseballs intentions to lop 40 farm teams and significantly scale back the draft?

Competition is going to be a lot stronger, Osinski said. Just shows how much more you have to put in the work, be ready to go and take care of every opportunity you get. Thats what its going to come down to now.

Clark: The biggest impact from this coronavirus pandemic is going to be money. Im interested to see how that affects owners, GMs, signing people who are free agents this year.

With minor leagues, I dont know. Seems almost like something theyll get to it when they get to it.

Follow Kevin Stevens on Twitter @PSBKevin. Support our journalism and become a digital subscriber today. Click here for our special offers.

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Lawyer’s bold bid to end the lockdown – Chronicle

A Sydney lawyer who went viral for telling Melbourne residents they did not need to wear masks is trying to take his battle against health orders to the High Court - but he wants you to pay for it.

Nathan Buckley has launched a GoFundMe campaign, seeking to raise $1 million so he can sue the nation's governments and "remove all lockdown restrictions immediately".

Mr Buckley named border restrictions against Victorians, mandatory quarantine for Queenslanders who visit a coronavirus hot spot, and guidelines around visiting aged-care facilities as just some of the rules he wanted to put an end to before taking aim at more specific health measures.

"People are being fired from their jobs for refusing to have a flu vaccination," he wrote.

"People are being told to wear masks when all the evidence clearly states that masks are useless. Masks represent oppression.

"Enough is enough. The purpose of this campaign is to raise enough money to challenge the states, territories and the Federal Government in the High Court of Australia. The challenge is to remove all lockdown restrictions immediately. We will end the lockdown laws."

Mr Buckley said his campaign would get millions of people back into work and "save Australia from the depths of despair of a deep recession".

"Like all Australians, I will forever be grateful to all contributors who free Australia from the chains of the Government's lockdown restrictions," he wrote.

Wearing masks or face coverings across Melbourne has become mandatory as the state of Victoria is gripped by a second wave of COVID-19. Picture: NCA NewsWire / Ian Currie

The lawyer, who says he is admitted to the roll of practitioners on the High Court of Australia, has already raised more than $12,500 towards his campaign, but if he does not raise enough money, he claims he will refund or redistribute the money to his other campaigns.

Mr Buckley's other campaigns include a $10 million bid to change laws in Australia around mandatory flu vaccinations for visits to aged care homes and some workplaces - which has since been updated to include a challenge to a health order in Victoria mandating masks be worn in public.

In the description, he explains the target is so high as to ensure he can pay in the event he loses in court and is ordered to pay costs.

Another fundraiser has been launched to fight the No Jab No Play laws in South Australia, which has raised nearly a quarter of its $200,000 target.

On July 24, Mr Buckley told supporters he was in discussions with "several high net-worth individuals" to try and get their financial support.

"I am positive that this will get off the ground," he wrote.

Nathan Buckley has also launched a $10 million bid against mandatory vaccinations for health workers. Picture: GoFundMe

Mr Buckley went viral earlier this month for telling Victorians: "Don't wear a mask."

"Get a $200 fine then elect to have it determined in court," he wrote on Facebook.

"Every single one of you 6.359 million Victorians can challenge the fines in court. The Victorian Government won't fight you in court. It is far too expensive for them to do so."

Mr Buckley has since taken the post down, noting on one of his GoFundMe accounts he acted "at the request of the NSW Law Society".

In June, he advised Victorians to avoid the lockdown, and the lawyer has also provided legal letters to healthcare workers who do not want a flu vaccination.

NCA NewsWire sent several questions to Mr Buckley about when his lawsuits might proceed, refunding the money if they didn't, who would be running the multiple High Court challenges, and what he believed was an acceptable alternative to the current health orders.

Mr Buckley said he was "not engaging with media" and declined to comment.

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Lawyer's bold bid to end the lockdown - Chronicle

Anger and concern over SA’s R70bn IMF loan | Citypress – News24

Anger and concern over SAs R70bn IMF loan. Picture: Tim Sloan/AFP/Getty Images

NEWS

Saftu general secretary Zwelinzima Vavi said on Wednesday that the federation notes with deep concern and anger that the IMF issued communication confirming that it had lent South Africa $4.3 billion (R70 billion) following the acceptance by government of all conditions stipulated by the IMF.

In terms of alternative solutions to IMF funds, Saftu had looked at the possibility of quantitative easing, higher taxes on corporations and the rich, tighter exchange controls, a crackdown on illicit financial flows and other strategies to address the debt load.

Vavi said the IMF conditions were based mainly on so-called fiscal consolidation made in the supplementary budget in June 2020, including expenditure cuts of R230 billion over the next two years, a commitment to freeze public sector wages for 2020/21, and a plan to put an artificial ceiling on the debt-to-GDP ratio.

These were policies that the union federation had already rejected, he said, adding that this policy platform is exactly what has landed us where the country is today, at an economy that moves from years of stagnation to recession and now directly into a depression.

He said this included a record-breaking unemployment rate for any industrial society; shockingly high levels of poverty; a society that has become the most unequal in the whole world; structured racial and gender oppression; and ecologically catastrophic policies.

Vavi said those who celebrated the IMF loan and conditions were the beneficiaries of the status quo.

READ:G20 may now look beyond initial debt relief for poorest nations

They will not be affected by the massive cuts in state expenditure as they long ago contracted out of the chronically understaffed and underresourced public healthcare system, public education, public transport and even public policing, given that they have their own private security arrangements.

They will certainly be directly and indirectly affected though because deindustrialisation, rising social anger and declining state sovereignty will heighten this countrys contradictions between classes, races and genders. If some right-wingers believe that the IMF will sort out this country via shrinking the state then this is a very short-term, self-destructive way of thinking.

He also said that governments economic stimulus package was wholly inadequate from the beginning. Government claimed that it had made available a R500 billion stimulus package when in reality it had only released R170 billion in new money, which Vavi says was a pathetic 3.4% of GDP.

The rest of the funding will come at the expense of other service delivery priorities, as well as deep cuts in state workers salaries. We have argued that government must at least put aside 15% of the GDP to intervene, which would be more than R1 trillion, Vavi said.

He said that government was advised against the policies adopted by even the most conservative governments including the UK and US.

Today government is unable to protect industries such as liquor, tobacco and tourism which had to be closed down to curb the spread of the virus as it simply has no resources to protect jobs and firms.

He cited the appalling and unprecedented economic and human catastrophe exposed by the Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey.

Vavi said the report, which was published on July 15, revealed a net loss of 3 million jobs between February and April.

One in three income earners in February did not earn an income in April, which translated into almost immediate job loss when lockdown was declared. 47% of respondents reported that their household ran out of money to buy food in April, the survey said.

Vavi said the IMF loan would not reverse but exacerbate the catastrophe.

Saftu called for full transparency regarding all the loans provided by international financial institutions.

We do not understand the rationale for hard-currency borrowing, which in 2020 is expected to total $7.5 billion from international financial institutions, including the World Bank, the New Development Bank and the African Development Bank.

The economy has achieved a current account surplus [it is usually 4%+ of GDP in deficit] thanks to the crash of imports and lack of profits flowing back to multinational corporations, Vavi said.

He said the $52 billion in current SA Reserve Bank foreign reserves suggested that South Africa was not short of dollars.

In other words, it is bizarre fiction for the IMF to argue that it must make this loan to South Africa to meet the urgent balance of payment needs stemming from the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic when even the top Treasury official responsible for international finance admitted to Goldman Sachs in a conference call [on April 26] that finding additional funding is not urgent.

He said the cost of a dollar loan was much higher than locally sourced credit from liquid financial markets since South Africa must repay the loan in dollars even though we can expect the rand to continue its decline in coming months and years, thus making the loan much more expensive in real terms.

Political Journalist

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Anger and concern over SA's R70bn IMF loan | Citypress - News24

There Is Nothing Conservative About What Trump Is Doing in Portland – Defense One

Twenty years ago, Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquistnot generally thought of as a radical liberalsaid: We can think of no better example of the police power, which the Founders denied the National Government and reposed in the States, than the suppression of violent crime and vindication of its victims. Last week Attorney General William Barr went full interventionist, telling the press that he was deploying federal law-enforcement officers to Chicago and Albuquerque, New Mexico (this coming after the previous weeks deployment to Portland), to combat violent criminal activity. President Trump said much the same thing as he rattled off cities his administration was eyeing for future interventionChicago, Philadelphia, Detroitbecause of gun violence and drugs.

How greatly have traditional conservative values of federalism and limited government been transformed. Today, a sitting Republican president invokes the power of the federal government to send militarized Department of Homeland Security agents (equipped with military-grade weapons, body armor, tear gas, and camouflage, like armed forces entering a war zone) to swarm American city streets under unwritten rules of engagement. If video evidence now circulating is to be credited, these agents are not merely protecting federal property; they have detained citizens who arent violating any law and used the power of their presence to chill civil protests and disobedience.

This is a complete corruption of conservative ideals. There is nothing conservative about unconstitutional police activity, and there is nothing conservative about unilateral federal intervention in state affairs. Those are the acts of an authoritarian.

Anne Applebaum: Trump is putting on a show in Portland

The consequences of this radical expansion of federal law-enforcement authority are enormousand none of them are likely to be good. This is what is keeping both of us awake at night. We are conservatives who are united in our love of the Constitution, the limited rule of law, effective government, individual rights, and civil discourse. We believe in checks and balances and the separation of powers.

And we are watching all of this crumble before our eyes, as the executive branch deploys unchecked power.

For starters, the events now unfolding will make Americas reckoning with the challenges in its criminal-justice and policing system even more difficult. After George Floyds killing, law enforcements tenuous role once again took center stage in Americas communities, particularly for communities of color and those in poverty. Now whatever progress might have been made through reforms at the state and local levels will be subsumed under the weight of federal intervention. If repairing the relationship between law enforcement and the communities they protect was difficult before, the presidents unilateral intervention into local affairs has made it impossible.

Of equal importance, the presidents actions have undermined the Constitution and transgressed norms of acceptable presidential behavior. Deploying a federal strike force when the local government does not want it is, as former Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff told The Washington Post, legally questionable. And Tom Ridge, who served as the first homeland-security secretary, under President George W. Bush, echoed that concern: DHS was not established to be the presidents personal militia. One of us, Paul Rosenzweig, served as the deputy assistant secretary for policy at DHS during the George W. Bush administration. But the reality is that a department created to protect the American people from external threats has now been transformed into a force against the very people it is supposed to serve.

How, then, can the nation repair the damage? We can think of several ways.

First, and most obvious, the other branches of government need to oppose and prevent this warlike activity. Specifically, for too long congressional oversight has atrophied. The Founders never imagined a supine Senate, willing to allow the president to exercise nearly limitless power in violation of every tenet of federalism.

Quinta Jurecic and Benjamin Wittes: Nothing can justify the attack in Portland

Now is the time for Congress to respond. Most immediate, the appropriations bill for Homeland Security is due for consideration on the floor of the House later this week. The representatives will be derelict in their duty if they do not adopt some type of funding limitations that restrict the ability of DHS to be deployed as the presidents personal militia. And the courts, while limited by the doctrines of standing and jurisdiction, should block these breaches of Americas most basic values and norms whenever a case is properly presented.

Second, America must address the original grievance that has prompted these demonstrations in the first place, and which has only been exacerbated by Trumps use of federal force. State and local governments must renew their efforts to reform local policing. When law enforcement is perceived as acting arbitrarily or oppressively, it loses a valuable tool in the cooperation and respect of the community. But it also gambles with something essential to police in a democracylegitimacy and the peoples consent to law enforcements use of force on their behalf. America is closer than most people realize to whole communities simply rejecting the idea that police departments (at least as currently conceived) have any legitimate role to play in securing their communities. This is why police officers themselves should welcome reforms that can help heal divisions between them and communities of color. The legitimacy of the exercise of authority in a democratic republic is always a fragile thing, and Americas current approach to policing poor and minority communities is straining it to the breaking point.

Resolving these differences starts by focusing on three Ts: training, transparency, and transforming police culture. Police training should move away from its current stress model, drawn from the military, which disproportionately focuses on weapons, tactics, investigations, and paperwork. Instead, training should be longer (most law-enforcement training programs last just a few months) and include more academic elements focused on constitutional norms, mental-health and addiction awareness, and de-escalation. Reforming transparency means changing rules, contracts, and laws that prevent the public from meaningful oversight of police. This includes rules that prohibit decertification of police who are found guilty or liable for serious breaches of use-of-force policies. Additional states and municipalities must establish review boards with significant civilian membership that have the power to investigate, compel testimony, and make findings. Both of these categories of reform flow into and are important elements of the third: transforming police culture.

Culture is the product of training, tactics, oversight, and internal procedures. It is shaped by such seemingly trivial matters as uniformsofficers feel different, and interacts with those around them differently, if they are wearing police blues and not battle dress uniforms and body armorand by such important factors as reducing the flow of cast-off military-grade equipment from the Pentagon to local police departments, which makes the local police look and, more important, act like an occupying force. Ultimately, the goal is to instill in police a sense that they are part of a profession, like medicine or law, that is marked by minimum entry requirements, continuing education, high professional standards, and external and internal accountability mechanisms.

Police cannot be alien to the communities in which they operate. The effective exercise of force in a democracy depends on the consent of the policed. Without that consent, the alternatives are oppression or anarchy, or both.

Tracey L. Meares and Tom R. Tyler: The first step is figuring out what police are for

Finally, and most important from our perspective, civil society must recognize and reaffirm the fundamental conservative values that animated much of the countrys constitutional structure. As conservatives, we find it somewhat ironic that todays defenders of state and local authority are frequent advocates for federal mandates. Meanwhile, those defending federal deployments today were supposedly devout federalists just a few years ago.

For ourselves, we prefer consistency. There is a reason that the federal government is one of limited powers. There is a reason that the Constitution identifies only three federal crimes. And there is a reason that, even today, federal criminal law is narrow and jurisdictionally constrained.

The Founders understood that policing authority should be closer to the citizenry and more directly responsive to local control. As James Madison put it in Federalist No. 45: The powers reserved to the several States will extend to all the objects which, in the ordinary course of affairs, concern the lives, liberties, and properties of the people, and the internal order, improvement, and prosperity of the State. [They are] numerous and indefinite. By contrast, in order to prevent unaccountable authority from growing without limit, Madison assured us that the powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined.

Perhaps Madisons predictions have not proved completely accurate. But those concerns that animated him more than 200 years ago remain the same today. And that is why Americans should be gravely concerned with how President Trump has transformed federal authority. Forty years ago, President Ronald Reagan said that the nine most terrifying words in English language were Im from the government, and Im here to help.

Today he might revise that statement to, Were from the government, and were in chargeof everything.

This story is part of the project The Battle for the Constitution, in partnership with the National Constitution Center.

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There Is Nothing Conservative About What Trump Is Doing in Portland - Defense One

Pak’s oppressed provinces disillusioned with ruling coterie and Pakistan Army – News Intervention

An international NGO Alliance for Persecuted People Worldwide (APPWW) recently organised a panel discussion on Oppression of Pakistans Indigenous People. The discussion was held in the backdrop of COVID-19 pandemic. Eminent persons representing the many oppressed regions of Pakistan and their people through various political parties, organisations and institutions were invited to speak in the discussion. The views give a deep insight into the very critical state of affairs within Pakistan as aggravated by the COVID-19 crisis.

The situation in Gilgit-Baltistan was explained by Senge Hasnan Sering, Director of Institute of Gilgit-Baltistan Studies and an international activist for the cause of freedom of his people from occupation and oppression by Pakistan. He said that since Gilgit-Baltistan is not a constitutional part of Pakistan there is a deeply embedded mindset of treating it as a colony. Now, the colonisation process has become two fold with China also getting involved in exploitation of the natural resources and the people of the region.

The situation created by the COVID-19 pandemic has given an opportunity to the exploitative forces to go for massive land grab. There has been a huge movement of troops in the region at a time when people need medicines and yet armed forces are being sent in. In fact, COVID-19 quarantine centres for Pakistan Army personnel have been set up in Gilgit-Baltistan to keep them away from the media glare in Punjab, and these facilities are not open to the locals.

As it is, the region is short of medical facilities like hospitals and medical institutions and is now grappling with critical shortage in supply of medicines. For cash strapped Pakistan, Gilgit-Baltistan holds no priority whatsoever, hence, the feeble infrastructure has been stretched to breaking point. Spread of Coronavirus through China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is also overwhelming the people. The Pakistan government is mulling over the feasibility of opening the region to tourists which will further enhance the risk factor. Senge Sering concluded with a demand for the justified amalgamation of the region with India.

The situation in Balochistan, another province forcefully amalgamated into Pakistan and witnessing a violent independence struggle as a consequence, was explained by Nabi Baksh Baloch, US Representative of the Baloch National Movement (BNM). He particularly emphasised the distressing lack of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for the doctors which leaves them very vulnerable to infection. Those from within the medical fraternity who agitated for PPE were jailed by the authorities. This insensitive act by the authorities is the only instance of its kind in the world where a government is arresting and harassing doctors during a medical emergency of such huge proportions.

As in the case of Gilgit-Baltistan, in Balochistan also, the Pakistan Army is leveraging the situation to strengthen its occupation of the region and suppress the legitimate aspirations of the people.

Zafar Sahito, representing Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz (JSMM) spoke of the historical significance of Sindh in the context of overall Indian civilisation. In this ageless region the famed and legendary Saraswati River once flowed and the Vedas were written. It finds mention in both Ramayana and Mahabharta. In the modern context, Sindh was the first province to financially uplift Pakistan with its industrial and commercial expertise. Now the proud and civilised people of Sindh have been made subservient to the Pakistans Punjabi elite which has no regard for their economic potential or civilisational roots.

Rehan Ibadat, central organiser of the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) a Sindh-based political party that represents the Mohajirs (Muslims from India who opted to go to Pakistan) said that his people are facing lack of education opportunities, lack of job opportunities and are being persecuted. Quite emotionally he said, this is not what the Mohajirs came to Pakistan for.

With regards to the COVID-19 situation both emphasised that the federal government has not shown any keenness to impose a lockdown on the cash cow region of the country which led to a rapid spread of the pandemic. Ultimately, it fell upon the provincial government to put its foot down and impose the lockdown. By then a lot of damage had been done; thousands of cases with a huge spike in deaths in the region have gone unreported.

Tarek Fatah, a Canada-based senior journalist of Pakistani origin opined in the webinar that Pakistan died as a nation in 1971 when 60% of its population and the complete eastern segment chose to seek independence, leading to the creation of Bangladesh. What is now left of Pakistan had nothing to do with the movement that led to the partition of the country, North-West Frontier Province, Sindh, Balochistan, and territories of Pakistan-Occupied Jammu and Kashmir did not make any demands for a separate Muslim nation. The concept was thrust upon them by the partition. The aforementioned provinces do not subscribe to the concept even today and are agitating to break the shackles of West Punjab imposed over them through blatant use of military might.

The second catastrophe, according to Tarek Fatah, was the imposition of Urdu as an official language of the new country. The language came from central India and to an extent from Punjab, the remainder of so-called Pakistan has no affinity with the language. It has over time created a cultural schism in the entire region. Tarek Fatah concluded by saying that internal contradictions in Pakistan are so intense that a breakup of the so-called nation is inevitable; it is only a question of time.

The world has changed manifold but the problems in Pakistan do not change. It is so because all provinces of Pakistan should be separate nations in their own right but are being forcefully subjugated and exploited by the Punjabi rulers. Sadly, until the breakup foretold by Tarek Fatah does not become reality inhumane suppression accompanied by gross human rights violations will continue. The world leaders should step in to help free the people from the shackles of de-facto military rule, supported by terrorists and fundamentalist militant warlords.

Jaibans Singh is a Geo-Political Analyst, Columnist and Author. He is also associated with the Centre for Socio-Cultural Study, Punjab

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Repealing Ohio’s CAT Will Enhance Economic Freedom and Opportunity – Buckeye Institute

Jul 29, 2020

Columbus, OH On Wednesday, The Buckeye Institute released new research by its Economic Research Center that looked at the impact eliminating Ohios commercial activities tax (CAT) would have on Ohios businesses and its rankings in national economic indexes. In Letting the CAT Out of the Bag: How to Improve Ohios Economy and National Rankings, Buckeye researchers found that by repealing the CAT, Ohio would move up 42 spots to first place in the Tax Foundations State Business Tax Climate Indexmaking Ohio more attractive to relocating businesses.

Despite research that shows the harmful effects of the commercial activity tax, Ohio still maintains this antiquated, Depression-era tax that hampers growth and prosperity for employers and employees across the state, said Rea S. Hederman Jr., executive director of the Economic Research Center at The Buckeye Institute and vice president of policy. Repealing this heavy corporate tax burden, especially as employers and employees struggle to survive and recover from the disruptive effects of the coronavirus, will enhance the economic freedom and opportunity that Ohio needs.

FACT SHEET: Letting the CAT Out of the Bag: Eliminating Ohios Commercial Activity Tax Will Improve the Economy

In the report, Buckeyes Economic Research Center pointed out the following:

Letting the CAT Out of the Bag was authored by Rea S. Hederman Jr.; Andrew J. Kidd, Ph.D., who was an economist at the Economic Research Center; and James B. Woodward, Ph.D., economic research analyst at the Economic Research Center.

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Repealing Ohio's CAT Will Enhance Economic Freedom and Opportunity - Buckeye Institute

Peering through the fog: The liberal international order in the real world – Atlantic Council

Lithuanian Military Academy students hold NATO membership states flags during the celebration of the 15th anniversary of Lithuania's membership in NATO in Vilnius, Lithuania March 30, 2019. REUTERS/Ints Kalnins

The liberal world order can be a pretty easy target to slam, and Professor Patrick Porters piece in War on the Rocks does a colorful job depicting its shortcomings. But his skewering portrait, useful as a cautionary tale, doesnt show the way to a better alternative.

The phrase liberal world order functions more or less as a stand-in for the US-led system that emerged after World War II: a security system based on NATO in Europe and a set of US-led alliances in Asia; the European Union, which ended European nationalist rivalry (a union which, US President Donald J. Trumps claims notwithstanding, the United States supported from the beginning); multilateral institutions that created rules to support trade, finance, and development; and an elastic system that allowed for the rise of new powers after 1945: Germany, Japan, South Korea, and in principle, Mexico, Brazil, India, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Egypt, and others. After 1989, the liberal system grew to embrace the newly self-liberated countries of Central Europe and offered post-Soviet Russia and rapidly-reforming China places in the system, though with mixed success.

The above description does nothing to convey the sense of confusion, improvisation, and anxiety that characterized the liberal world order even in its best years. The Good Old Days, much pined for today, seldom seemed that way at the time. Porters critique fairly points out the failures of the US-led system over the years; multiple examples of US hypocrisy as its steward (e.g. sometimes supporting dictatorships or holding itself exempt from its own rules); and US blunders, usually in the form of ill-considered military interventionsthe Iraq and Vietnam Wars come easily to mind.

Porter makes two deeper critiques: first, that the liberal order is inherently expansionist, seeking to impose its values on the world and causing endless tensions; and second, that the liberal order is so amorphous it actually has no real meaning other than as scaffolding for US arrogance and imposition of the countrys self-anointed role as world savior. He calls it fog. Porters strongest argument is his warning against hubris. Indeed, being realistic about obstacles, ones own assets, and the sheer complex nature of any problem you set out to fix, is a critical and needed piece of advice for the United States.

Porters argument loses strength, however, when he starts outlining his alternative, which goes beyond tactical realism to what I term doctrinal Realism, by which I mean a foreign policy view that national interests are defined as devoid of values while pursuit of values is dismissed as cant, cover, or simply unsustainable naivety. Tactical realism has its virtues, e.g., patience, and some of Porters suggestions have merittactical restraint, arms control, diplomatic openings to ones adversaries (he mentions Nixons opening to China), learning to live with some disorder, and other wise suggestions. But Porter also slips in some of doctrinal Realisms worst ideas, such as when he praises the United States for tacitly acknowledging the Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe during the Cold War.

Hes right that the United States did exactly that, especially under Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger. But it doesnt look good in retrospect. What was realistic about assuming the Iron Curtain was forever and that a miserable system of tyranny and economic failure could be imposed forever upon 100 million unwilling Europeans? Realists at the time, Porters policy forebears, argued that US support for Polands Solidarity movement was futile and destabilizing and that Ronald Reagan was a warmongering simpleton for his talk of communisms ultimate failure. But the Iron Curtain fell, pulled down as US-supported democratic movements gained power in Central Europe. Freedom and prosperity expanded in Europeshock therapy economic reforms, that Porter criticizes, worked out well in Poland and the Baltic States. The Cold War ended on freedoms terms and, although Porter objects to NATOs enlargement, presumably because it violated the Kremlins sphere of influence that he oddly embraces, the twin enlargements of NATO and the EU helped create the most united, peaceful, and prosperous Europe in history.

Porter suggests that the liberal world order is inherently expansionist. But perhaps the rule of law, democracy, and freedom has an attractive power of its own, an inherent appeal. In that case, it is the Realists preferred system of spheres of influence that is actually unstable: tyrannies, like Vladimir Putins Russia and possibly Xi Jinpings China, exercise repression at home and in their spheres either because they cant deliver for their people or are made insecure by the example of democracy too close to home. And, partly for the same reason, they will always push to expand their spheres.

Yes, the United States was inconsistent and hypocritical in its years leading the free world. And, yes, the more extravagant promises of the liberal world order, e.g. to usher in Immanuel Kants era of perpetual peace between republics, fall apart when set against the messy realities of the real world.

But does realitys messiness mean that the post-1945 international systemthe liberal world order that the United States ledwas meaningless? Was it nothing more than fog and cant, as Porter and many others charge? Lets peer through the fog. Lets instead compare the liberal world order not against the purity of its adherents most extravagant claims or against its critics abstract standards of unattainable perfection, but against the track record of its recent competition, Soviet Communism; the previous competitor of fascism; or against the pre-1914 system of imperialist balance of power. The liberal order gave the world generations of general great power peace and unprecedented prosperity. Stack that against the first half of the twentieth century.

Lets set the liberal world order, for all its faults, against its current challenger: neo-nationalism and might-makes-right, which appear to be the ultimate argument of this generations set of authoritarian challengers: Russian President Vladimir Putin, Chinese President Xi Jinping, and others including, in some sense, Trump himself.

Restoring some imagined Golden Age is not the issue. The issue is whether the liberal world order can be fixed and reengineered to meet todays challenges. Thats akin to Roosevelts challenge of reengineering US capitalism from the pits of the Great Depression: its no fun, and well be hit as we try from left and right. But wed better get started.

Daniel Fried is the Weiser Family distinguished fellow at the Atlantic Council. He was the coordinator for sanctions policy during the Obama administration, assistant secretary of State for Europe and Eurasia during the Bush administration, and senior director at the National Security Council for the Clinton and Bush administrations. He also served as ambassador to Poland during the Clinton administration.Follow him on Twitter @AmbDanFried.

Tue, Jun 9, 2020

Many in the region expected the 100th anniversary of Trianon to be a blow up. It could be yet. But around the actual anniversary, it was a dog that did not bark: the significance was in what wasnt said, in nationalist pandering avoided and confrontation dodged, and positive gestures recognized.

New AtlanticistbyDaniel Fried

Tue, May 5, 2020

The United States needs to lead in devising both immediate and systemic responses to the coronavirus challenge, but not alone. Leadership means neither diktat nor incantation of old formulas. It means using American convening power to adapt tested principles to new challenges, crystalizing friends and alliestransatlantic, transpacific and not forgetting hemisphericaround a common agenda.

New AtlanticistbyAna Palacio and Daniel Fried

Fri, Feb 7, 2020

One lesson is that core values may have more viability than it seems, especially in the long term: for two generations after 1945, foreign policy professionals and scholars concluded that Roosevelts weak defense of Poland at and immediately after Yalta was pointless (or cynical) and that the principles of the Atlantic Charter were inapplicable east of the Iron Curtain. Soviet domination there, it was implicitly (and sometimes explicitly) accepted, was forever. But it turned out otherwise. The Yalta Conference failed but Yalta Europe was not forever. The strategic vision that Roosevelt spelled out in the Atlantic Charter and sought to realize at Yaltaeven if miserablynow seems the right one.

New AtlanticistbyDaniel Fried

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Peering through the fog: The liberal international order in the real world - Atlantic Council

Stock futures are flat ahead of Fed decision and Big Tech testimony – CNBC

Stock futures were little changed early Wednesday as investors awaited a congressional hearing on antitrust in Big Tech as well as the Federal Reserve's latest policy decision.

Dow Jones Industrial Average futures rose just 5 points, or less than 0.05%. S&P 500 futures gained 0.1% and Nasdaq 100 futures advanced 0.4%.

The Fed will conclude itstwo-daypolicy meetingWednesday and is set to release a statement at 2 p.m. ET. Chairman Jerome Powell will have a press conference at 2:30 p.m. ET.

The central bank is expected to keep short-term interest rates unchanged at near zeroto support the economy still struggling with the coronavirus pandemic.On Tuesday, the Fed announced it would extendits emergency lending programs through the remainder of 2020.

"Markets continue to expect ultra-accommodative policy from the Fed, and the Fed is unlikely to disappoint at this meeting,"Bill Callahan,investment strategist at Schroders, said in an email. "Given that we are still squarely in the center of the pandemic, the only question for investors is just how dovish the Fed will be."

Meanwhile, the chiefexecutives of Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google-parent Alphabet will testifybefore the House Antitrust Subcommittee later Wednesday following a yearlong probe into their anti-competitive practices. Investors will look for insights on how the Big Tech is handling antitrust challenges from regulators with the authority to break them up.

Shares of Big Tech are among the best performers this year. Facebook and Alphabet are both up more than 12% year to date entering Wednesday's session. Amazon has skyrocketed 62.4% over that time and Apple is up 27%.

The busiest week of the earnings season continued, with General Electric and Boeing releasing their latest quarterly figures. GE reported a stronger-than-forecast revenue, sending the stock up 1.6% in the premarket. Boeing posted a wider-than-expected loss and the stock traded 0.5% lower.

Shares of Advanced Micro Devices popped more than 1% after the chipmaker posted on Tuesday better-than-expected quarterly earnings and issued an upbeat guidance for the year.Starbucksswung to a loss during its fiscal third quarter, but the world's largest coffee chain raised its forecast for the current quarter, sending shares up more than 5% in extended trading.

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Stock futures are flat ahead of Fed decision and Big Tech testimony - CNBC

Lawmakers keen to break up ‘big tech’ like Amazon and Google need to realize the world has changed a lot since Microsoft and Standard Oil – Fairfield…

(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.)

Bhaskar Chakravorti, Tufts University

(THE CONVERSATION) Big tech is back in the spotlight.

The chief executives of Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google are testifying before Congress on July 29 to defend their market dominance from accusations theyre stifling rivals. Lawmakers and regulators are increasingly talking about antitrust action and possibly breaking the companies up into smaller pieces.

I study the effects of digital technologies on lives and livelihoods across 90 countries. I believe advocates of breaking up big technology companies, as well as opponents, are both falling prey to some serious myths and misconceptions.

Myth 1: Comparing Google with Standard Oil

Arguments for and against antitrust action often use earlier cases as reference points.

The massive 19th-century monopoly Standard Oil, for example, has been referred to as the Google of its day. There are also people who are recalling the 1990s antitrust case against Microsoft.

Those cases may seem similar to todays situation, but this era is different in one crucial way: the global technology marketplace.

Currently, there are two big tech clusters. One is in the U.S., dominated by Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple. The other is in China, dominated by Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent, Huawei and TikTok-maker ByteDance.

This global market is subject to very different political and policy pressures than regulators faced when dealing with Standard Oil and Microsoft. For example, the Chinese government has blocked most of the U.S. companies from entering its market. And the U.S. government has done likewise, blacklisting some Chinese outfits over perceived national security threats while discouraging others.

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese government has doubled down on championing its own technology companies.

U.S. companies size and data accumulation capabilities give the country economic and political influence around the globe. If the U.S. technology giants are broken up, the result would be a vastly uneven global playing field, pitting fragmented U.S. companies against consolidated state-protected Chinese firms.

Myth 2: Antitrust is about money

There are two main views of antitrust action among legal experts.

One focuses on consumer welfare, which has been the prevailing approach federal lawyers have taken since the 1960s. The other suggests that regulators should look at the underlying structure of the market and potential for powerful players to exploit their positions.

Those two sides seem to agree that price plays a key role. People who argue against breaking up the tech giants point out that Facebook and Google provide services that are free to the consumer, and that Amazons marketplace power drives its products costs down. On the other side, though, are those who say that having low or no prices is evidence that these companies are artificially lowering consumer costs to draw users into company-controlled systems that are hard to leave.

Both sides are missing the fact that the monetary price is less relevant as a measure of what users pay in the technology industry than it is in other types of business. Users pay for digital products with their data, rather than just money.

Regulators shouldnt focus only on the monetary costs to the users. Rather, they should ask whether users are being asked for more data than is strictly necessary, whether information is being collected in intrusive or abusive ways and whether customers are getting good value in exchange for their data.

Myth 3: Trust-busting is all or nothing

There arent just two ways for this debate to end, with either a breakup of one or more technology giants or simply leaving things as they are for the market to develop further.

In my view, the best outcome is right in the middle. The errant company is sued to make necessary changes but isnt broken up. The very fact that the government filed a lawsuit leads to progress with other companies. That is exactly what happened in past cases against the Bell System, IBM and Microsoft.

In the 1956 federal consent decree against the Bell System telephone company, for example, which settled a seven-year legal saga, the company wasnt split up. Instead, Bell was required to license all its patents royalty-free to other businesses. This meant that some of the most profound technological innovations in history including the transistor, the solar cell and the laser became widely available, yielding computers, solar power and other technologies that are crucial to the modern world. When the Bell System was eventually broken up in 1982, it did not do nearly as much to spread innovation and competition as the agreement that kept the Bells together a quarter-century earlier.

The antitrust action against IBM lasted 13 years and didnt break up the company. However, as part of its tactics to avoid appearing to be a monopoly, IBM agreed to separate pricing for its hardware and software products, previously sold as an indivisible bundle. This created an opportunity for entrepreneurs Bill Gates and Paul Allen to create a new software-only company called Microsoft. The surge of software innovations that have followed can clearly trace their origins to the IBM settlement.

Two decades later, Microsoft was itself the target of an antitrust action. In the resulting settlement, Microsoft agreed to ensure its products were compatible with competitors software. That made room in the emerging internet marketplace for web browsers, the predecessors of Apples Safari, Mozillas Firefox and Google Chrome.

Even Margrethe Vestager, the European Unions top antitrust official and frequent tech-giant nemesis, has said that antitrust prosecutions are part of how technology grows. But that doesnt mean they all have to achieve their most extreme ends and be broken up.

Myth 4: COVID-19 and the end of tech bashing

The current pandemic has highlighted the value of the technological innovations of the big tech companies.

Americans are relying more than ever on the internet and online shopping and delivery, while mobility data has been critical in gauging social distancing behaviors and guiding policy. Digital tools for tracking coronavirus cases, deaths and social distancing behaviors in the smallest counties have circulated widely, and social media and smartphone videos were crucial to the recent protests and calls for social justice.

Altogether, this has led to a softening of public opinion toward big tech and calls for an end to talk of breaking them up.

But the pandemic has also revealed numerous digital fault lines: differences in access by country, race and region; the ability of tech companies to exploit labor; and potential for new kinds of misuse of data.

Far from giving the technology industry a free pass, the pandemic is an opportunity to take a more balanced view. Yes, lets celebrate the Silicon Valleys value, but lets not turn a blind eye to the problems they create or worsen.

During the hearings, youll likely hear politicians accentuate the bad stuff, while the tech CEOs will paint an overly rosy image of themselves. Antitrust is complicated enough without misconceptions clouding their judgments as well.

This is an updated and expanded version of an article originally published on July 17, 2019.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article here: https://theconversation.com/lawmakers-keen-to-break-up-big-tech-like-amazon-and-google-need-to-realize-the-world-has-changed-a-lot-since-microsoft-and-standard-oil-143517.

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Lawmakers keen to break up 'big tech' like Amazon and Google need to realize the world has changed a lot since Microsoft and Standard Oil - Fairfield...

Kangaroo, blue macaws among animals rescued in Assam – The Hindu

Forest officials in southern Assams Cachar district have rescued a kangaroo and blue macaws among exotic wildlife species being smuggled out of Mizoram. They were packed among crates of fruits in a truck.

The seizure of these animals came less than two years after sleuths of the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) busted an international syndicate of exotic wildlife smugglers whose kingpin was based in Mizoram. That operation in October 2018 was carried out simultaneously in Chennai, Kolkata, Guwahati and Mizorams capital Aizawl.

The forest personnel were on a routine check of trucks around 11.30 p.m. on Tuesday for detecting illegal timber being carried. Foul smell emanating from one of the trucks made them suspicious, said Sunnydeo Chaudhary, Cachars Divisional Forest Officer.

A closer inspection revealed a kangaroo from Australia, six hyacinth or blue macaws and two capuchin monkeys from South America and three Aldabra tortoises, one of the largest species from the Seychelles group of islands.

Two persons identified as Narsimha Reddy and Navnath Tukaram Daigude have been detained and were being interrogated to find their forward and backward linkages, officials said.

They said they picked up the consignment from Mizoram for delivery in Guwahati. But we know from past records that exotic animals are smuggled in from Myanmar and are destined to Kolkata and other major cities across the country, Mr. Chaudhary told The Hindu.

In March 2018, a large consignment of exotic animals, including venomous snakes and giant scorpions, was seized from a vehicle at Jorabat, about 19 km from Guwahati and on the Assam-Meghalaya border. The consignment had come from Aizawl and was to be sold to a pet trader in New Delhi.

Meanwhile, the breeding of tigers caught on camera at Laokhowa-Burhachapori Wildlife Sanctuary ahead of International Tiger Day (July 29) has brought cheer to conservationists in Assam. Encroachment of this sanctuary, a buffer of Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR), had wiped out animals two decades ago.

The area was brought under KNPTR in 2007 and conservation efforts renewed. This was possible after we removed the encroachments, including 240 cattle sheds inside the sanctuary, said P. Sivakumar, KNPTRs director.

Wildlife officials said this pointed to better connectivity among the fragmented populations of tigers that could help check inbreeding and genetic mutations.

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A hub of deep expertise, the Department of Human Genetics helps partners across UCLA interpret data and leverage genomic technology to improve study design and solve medical problems.

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Steve Horvath, PhDThe precision of the epigenetic clock is the methodology that accurately measure biomarker of aging and could measure child development.Learn More

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Sriram Sankararaman, PhDArun Durvasula

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