Championing Blockchain Education in Africa: Women Leading the Bitcoin Cause – Cointelegraph

Its no secret that women are underrepresented in the technology and financial industries. In the U.S, women only hold a quarter of computing-related jobs. Some sectors, like software engineering, fare even worse, with female representation as low as 15%.

And now along comes blockchain, a technology that promises a global revolution through decentralization. Blockchain has already begun to transform many industries, from finance and supply chain management to healthcare and governance.

However, it has yet to significantly change the demographics of the tech industry.

According to a study conducted by Long Hash, a cryptocurrency research firm, women only represent 14.5% of blockchain startup team members. At the management level, the number is even lower, with women only accounting for 7% of executives and 8% of advisors.

In Africa, the story has been quite different. The continent has greatly taken to blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies, and women have been playing a key role. Despite the tech industry traditionally being a boys club, a rapidly growing number of fearless, dedicated and determined women have taken the industry by storm, rising to various positions of power and influence.

In Africa, women have faced marginalization for centuries. Economic exclusion, lack of access to education, gender-based violence, limited participation in political decisions these are just a few of the many challenges that the continents women face.

This has been one of the reasons Bitcoin, and the underlying blockchain technology, have appealed to many women. For them, blockchain promises freedom. The technology gives them hope that they can break free from the shackles of financial captivity by the legacy systems, decades of corruption, lack of opportunities and more.

For example, in Botswana Alakanani Itireleng has been on the frontline in preaching the blockchain gospel. Known as The Bitcoin Lady, she is the founder of Satoshicentre, a blockchain hub which works with several developers to use blockchain to solve Africas biggest challenges.

In South Africa, Sonya Kuhnel has continued to be one of the most renowned leaders in the blockchain space. Kuhnel is the founder of Xago, an XRP cryptocurrency exchange and payment gateway that allows retailers to accept XRP payments. She is also the founder of The Blockchain Academy, an institution committed to up-skilling 10,000 software engineers on blockchain technology by 2022.

In Kenya, Roselyn Gicira leads blockchain innovation and adoption, serving as the chairperson of the Blockchain Association of Kenya. Gicira also leads the Kenya Women in Blockchain Chapter which seeks to ensure that more women get into the blockchain industry.

And in Nigeria, Doris Ojuedeires efforts to promote blockchain have gone beyond her home country, reaching out to women across the continent and bringing them into blockchain and cryptocurrencies. She shared her journey with me, one that has seen her rise to become one of Africas most influential blockchain voices.

Doris got into cryptocurrencies when she was studying accounting in university, eight years ago. At the time, crypto was a niche field that few in Africa were involved with most of them men. This didnt faze Doris, and she sought all the materials she could find to learn more about Bitcoin and other upcoming cryptocurrencies.

She started off by investing in crypto trading. As a novice, Doris lost a lot of money initially through online scams. However, she battled on, and in time she started making profits from crypto trading. The venture proved to be quite fruitful for her, giving her financial independence while still at the university.

It was when she graduated that she discovered there was much more to Bitcoin than just making profits. As she learned about blockchain technology, she realized that it had the potential to transform lives for millions of Africans, especially the continents women. It was then that she decided to embark on educating the masses about blockchain, a passion that still drives her today.

In Africa, Bitcoin had become synonymous with scams after several investors lost millions of dollars to Ponzi schemes. This was the first thing Doris set out to change, educating thousands of Nigerians about Bitcoin and the world of opportunities it opens up.

She realized that women were vastly underrepresented in Bitcoin and blockchain. She set out to change this, eventually leading to the birth of Blockchain African Ladies (BAL). BAL is a non-profit organization that educates African women on blockchain technology. The organization has grown rapidly and now has members in Kenya, Cameroon, Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, Egypt, Cote dIvoire and many other countries.

BAL organizes meet-ups, workshops, mentorship programs and conferences for the women, geared towards sparking an interest in blockchain. Its biggest event is the Blocktech Women Conference, an event that attracts some of the foremost leaders in blockchain to inspire, educate and interact with the women. Unlike most blockchain events that have only a few female speakers, 80% of the speakers at Blocktech are women.

Doris has gone beyond education, though. She told me:

While blockchain can help eradicate, or at least reduce, many of the challenges that African women go through, teaching them about it isnt enough. The women need to be financially independent. This is the biggest weapon they can use to liberate themselves. When they no longer depend on anyone, they can then reach their full potential.

Her desire to make African women financially stable led to the founding of Crypto Lioness, a platform she uses to educate women about crypto trading. Crypto Lioness allows the women to connect via WhatsApp, Telegram and other social media platforms to learn the dos and donts of crypto trading, share tips, learn from experts and support each other.

Through Doris efforts, thousands of women in Africa have joined the blockchain industry. This is her greatest accomplishment, she tells me. She believes that this will be a catalyst for widespread adoption of the technology and cryptocurrencies across the continent.

However, she believes that there is much more to be done if women are to become fully involved in blockchain, a belief that Ciara Sun, the vice president of Huobi Global shares.

Sun joined the blockchain industry after working with global giants such as the Boston Consulting Group and Ernst & Young.

Having seen how the current financial world was working, it was an easy move towards what I considered the future world of finance, she tells me.

Women continue to face challenges that most men dont, including having their decisions frequently questioned, she revealed. With blockchain being an intersection of finance and technology two industries where women are underrepresented its no surprise that women occupy very few positions of power and influence.

This has to change if blockchain is to achieve its full potential, she believes, stating:

Crypto and blockchain is so heavily based on doing things differently, but when you have only one half of the population involved in up to 99 percent of the big decisions, you are limiting the potential to really change things and cause great disruption.

The crypto and blockchain space needs to be bold and brave enough to seek out the other perspectives that can come from women in the space.

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Championing Blockchain Education in Africa: Women Leading the Bitcoin Cause - Cointelegraph

Crypto VC Firm Assesses the ‘State of Blockchain Governance’ – CoinDesk – CoinDesk

Everyone in crypto has been talking about decentralized finance (DeFi) since bankless lending started to boom in June. But, looked at another way, its really a governance boom.

Into this environment has stepped Greenfield One, an early-stage venture capital firm that just published a comprehensive new resource on the topic of blockchain governance.

Take, for example, COMP. DeFi has been hot ever since Compound started distributing its COMP governance token on June 15. COMP didnt introduce new features to the product, it just gave users a means to voice how the $777 million lending protocol should evolve.

The report from the Berlin-based Greenfield One looks at this and every notable spin on blockchain governance leading up to the birth of yield farming following COMPs debut.

The [Compound] community uses a variant of liquid democracy, the report states.

But despite crypto founders best intentions, the Greenfield One team found blockchain governance schemes tend to get put together fast and then treated with reverence. At times that faith is misplaced.

Im not saying that teams arent taking governance seriously, but it always feels like something that they build on the side, Jascha Samadi, a Greenfield One partner, told CoinDesk in a phone call.

The venture firm often starts working with portfolio companies well before mainnet launch, Samadi said, coaxing them to consider various governance models as early as possible.

Therefore, Greenfield One thought it would be helpful to have an overview of what different groups have tried so far. Since such a guide didnt already exist, the group decided to make one.

This is such an important topic that we really just need to raise awareness, Samadi said.

The report covers Bitcoin, Ethereum, Decred, Tezos, Cosmos, Polkadot, several DAO frameworks, MakerDAO, Nexus Mutual and Compound.

It also deals with describing the roles of stakeholders seen across blockchains such as miners, validators, users, full-node operators and companies. It deals with strategies for off-chain governance as well as the various questions that can be dealt with on-chain.

The cryptocurrency industry has a tendency to function as if the world began on Halloween 2008, when Satoshi Nakamoto released the Bitcoin white paper, but Greenfield One realized there is a larger literature of organizational theory that applies to cryptocurrencies.

Traditionally, scholars have been focused on the firm as the unit of analysis in organizational design, which has become less and less congruent with the emerging patterns of organizing in peer-to-peer networks and on platforms, they write.

The report opens its discussion by grounding decentralized technology in a larger conversation about how humans get things done together, such as through firms or nations.

From an institutional perspective, blockchains can be viewed as a new coordination technology competing with firms, markets and national economies as institutional alternatives organizing the economic actions of groups of people, the report states.

This alternative first manifested with Bitcoin.

But not everything Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency networks need can be sorted out on-chain. By far not all activities are reliably traceable and automatically verifiable on public blockchains (especially human labor, where some subjectivity in quality is involved), the authors write. Thus the need for residual control, that is human-powered governance.

The deeper we dug we realized that its such a broad and vast topic, Samadi told CoinDesk. Before we dive into how to best or most effectively govern we need to understand what blockchains are in a broader sense of organizational theory.

Cryptocurrency may be moving Earth toward the singularity, but humans are still key to the project for the foreseeable future. As the writers note in their conclusion:

"In the end, social consensus is what defines a cryptonetwork."

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Crypto VC Firm Assesses the 'State of Blockchain Governance' - CoinDesk - CoinDesk

The U.S. Election System Is Not Ready for Blockchain Technology Yet – Nextgov

The 2020 election cycle poses many challenges to election security, voter integrity, voter confidence and voter safety. Renewed efforts from threat actors to disrupt the elections process, combined with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, raise serious questions about what Election Day will look like.

Many argue that integrating blockchain technology into the election process will address these new concerns and improve the integrity and security of elections. While efforts to leverage blockchain technology in elections are noble, there is still much for election officials to understand about blockchain technology:

What is blockchain technology and how could it secure the election?

Blockchain technology takes many forms but typically consists of a decentralized public ledger made of records, or blocks. In theory, the decentralized nature and mathematics of blockchain technology would improve the integrity and auditability of elections: Its design relies on distributed copies, across many nodes, of each entry on the ledger for immutable proof of each ballot cast. Researchers and private organizations have referenced these blockchain elements as ways to respond to old and emerging threats.

However, election officials must understand how blockchain technology would be integrated into the current election infrastructure. Voting is currently limited to in-person voting or mail-in ballots. Blockchain technology would require a digital platform and almost certainly require an internet connection, two things that are not easily accessible to many Americans.

How would blockchain integrate into the current elections infrastructure?

U.S. elections rely almost entirely on in-person voting, with mail-in ballots accepted for documented exceptions. Transitioning to a blockchain-based solution would only be feasible in the context of remote voting. There are many moving parts to elections infrastructure, including voting machines, voter registration databases, voting tabulation technology and election management systems. All of these components are essential to ensuring every Americans ballot is properly counted. If we move to blockchain, what technology requirements would exist for each voter to cast a ballot? How would voters verify their identity online? Would blockchain solutions require everyone to vote online?

In addition, blockchain does not exist in a vacuum. It requires extensive support from human personnel and other technology. The expertise for managing instances of blockchain technology remains scarce. Many state and local elections officials often have minimal technical resources to meet basic business requirements. Incorporating challenging and largely unproven blockchain technology into their environment would be an onerous task.

Is blockchain technology currently in use in American elections?

Remote blockchain voting solutions have been used in local elections in West Virginia, Oregon, Utah and Colorado. However, these initiatives were short-lived following research that the remote voting services were found to be vulnerable to attack. Academic and governmental organizations have expressed concern about the vulnerability of these new technologies. Despite significant interest in the technology, blockchain continues to only be implemented on a limited scale.

What authority do federal, state, and local governments have in the authorization or prohibition of blockchain technology?

The American election system is designed to be decentralized, with most authority at the state and local level. This guarantees that elections are conducted in the most secure and accessible way for citizens. What regulations should be in place for blockchain technology? Would there be direction from the federal government regarding blockchain? How can government ensure the integrity of the vendors offering blockchain solutions to elections? Third-party technology used in 2020 Iowa Primary elections led to confusion and concerns over the validity of results. While the software solution used in Iowa did not leverage blockchain technology, this is proof that without proper testing, new technological solutions can complicate election operations. It is crucial that election officials address supply chain risks and vet firms offering election software.

Will blockchain technology ever be ready to implement into the voting process?

There is still much to learn about the costs and benefits of blockchain technology. The potential benefits that blockchain could provide to the elections process cannot be discounted. Improvements to election integrity and auditability are attractive technologies. However, the American election system is not quite ready to implement blockchain technology on a large scale.

There is little doubt that officials must address the concerns of security and integrity of American elections. However, more questions than answers exist on what blockchain means for the U.S. election system, so it should not be seen as the solution at this point.

Burt Barrere is a manager for cybersecurity and Dan Goga is an associate for cybersecurity, both with Grant Thornton Public Sector.

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The U.S. Election System Is Not Ready for Blockchain Technology Yet - Nextgov

Is permissioned, decentralised and regulated the future of blockchain? – fingerlakes1.com

I started to ponder this question after I read this thought piece by Zurab Ashvil, the Founder of L3COS, on ABC Money. In it, Ashvil outlines why he thinks existing decentralised blockchains have failed and how a permissioned, decentralised and regulated blockchain is needed if the technology is going to be used to power digital economies.

Most people in crypto and blockchain will dismiss this idea out of hand and I must admit it isnt an idea that has ever struck me as the answer to the problems the industry faces. At the same time though, theres no doubt that blockchain technology has huge potential but hasnt been adopted en masse. Furthermore, Ashvils assertion that the public and permissioned blockchains used today have failed to prove popular enough is certainly a valid one.

Which brings me back to my original question is permissioned, decentralised and regulated blockchain the future of this technology?

First of all, its worth looking at the arguments for and against the existing blockchain solutions that exist. On the one hand, there are public blockchain, like Ethereum, and on the other there are permissioned blockchain, like IBM Blockchain.

Anyone who has been around long enough will know that blockchain began in the public sphere. Bitcoin was released as a peer-to-peer electronic cash system and Ethereum was developed afterwards as a public blockchain for decentralized applications. These public blockchain are certainly driving innovation, as the massive increase in DeFi use cases has shown. However, the reality is that these are still niche interests within tech and finance.

When it comes to permissioned blockchain, you see some headline grabbing stories, such as how Maersk has collaborated with IBM on the Tradelens platform. But these stories are isolated and sporadic rather than a gathering snowball of use cases that you would expect if this approach was going to win through.

So, to the future. Ashvil argues that the decentralised elements of blockchain technology are the important bits that must be kept because they mean that huge amounts of bureaucracy can be cut from economies as they digitise. The problem he wants to solve is the anonymity of entities interacting in a public blockchain, which he describes as follows:

This is such a fundamental error because it doesnt reflect human nature or the societal structures we all recognise. People want to know who they are dealing with so they can be trusted to operate fairly and honestly.

L3COS claims to solve this problem through the implementation of 195 super nodes, under the control of sovereign states, at the top of a triple layer consensus system. These nodes exchange information with each other via Proof of Government consensus, with the system already achieving over 1.5 million transactions per second. It certainly sounds impressive and, according to Ashvil, the L3COS system provides the regulated infrastructure that can power Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC), another hot topic in blockchain right now.

Of course, the big question as to whether the permissioned, decentralised and regulated blockchain they propose will achieve all this revolves around whether it can gain traction in a way that previous blockchains have not.

The involvement of governments will be key and might be tricky considering how many states have cracked down on cryptocurrencies in the past. At the same time though, it is wrong to conflate blockchain technology with cryptocurrencies and some nations are already using blockchain in their digital services for citizens. Furthermore, L3COS is designed to allow all existing decentralised applications to transfer from other blockchain networks, which could help it to gain momentum.

All of these things, plus many other factors, will play a role in deciding whether blockchain has a permissioned, decentralised and regulated future and well have to wait and see what occurs. Predicting which technologies will or wont succeed is always difficult but the fact that so many states are now looking at blockchain for their CBDC must suggest that government involvement will play a role in the technologys evolution.

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Is permissioned, decentralised and regulated the future of blockchain? - fingerlakes1.com

A City in South Korea Is Expanding Its Blockchain Payment Program – Cointelegraph

A major satellite city in South Korea, Seongnam, is preparing to expand its existing blockchain-powered payment program by issuing new digital gift certificates.

According to Kyunghyang Shinmun, the citys Blockchain infrastructure will rely on a mobile app named Chak app. This app will be built by the Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation, or KOMSCO. Seongnams project hopes to make it easier for elderly and middle-aged residents to utilize the citys existing Blockchain technology. They also hope to strengthen the use of contactless payments during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Local media outlets said that three digital gift certificate types representing cash, check cards, and mobile cards can be used at 45,000 card merchant locations across the city.

Seongnam is well known for its Pangyo Tech Valley an IT complex that serves as the headquarters for many of the countrys tech giants, such as Kakao Group, SK Telecom, AhnLabs, Nexon, among others.

The operator behind Seongnam's project previously praised the record breaking profits brought in by its stablecoin and blockchain projects in 2020.

KEB Hana Bank, one of the biggest commercial banks in South Korea, reached an agreement on August 9 with the state-backed highway operator, the Korea Expressway Corporation, to bring blockchain-based toll payments to the nations highways.

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A City in South Korea Is Expanding Its Blockchain Payment Program - Cointelegraph

Advocating blockchain adoption – The Star Online

AS the world becomes increasingly digital, many of the traditional ways to transfer and trade assets can be deemed as time-consuming and inefficient, particularly so for transactions that need to be safe, secure and traceable.

In the wake of new technology, OMC Group is advocating blockchain as the solution to these problems.

Co-founder and chief executive officer Datuk Jack Lee believes there is enormous potential for businesses to develop blockchain-linked applications for the security of data and information.

Most people equate blockchain to bitcoin and speculative cryptocurrency investment. In reality, says Lee, the technology enables traditional assets to be digitised conveniently, making them more secure to trade, manage and operate.

In recent times, asset tokenisation has become increasingly popular.

So OMCs mission is to redefine peoples understanding of blockchain and its benefits, he says.

The company, which developed the OMC platform, is a subsidiary of software and IT services provider AIO Synergy Holdings Bhd.

Capturing business: Lee aims to grow its B2B segment, particularly in supply chain integration, real estate transactions, healthcare records and financial sectors.

Lee, who hails from Miri, Sarawak, is no stranger to the tech scene and has been involved in nurturing and growing tech related businesses.

OMC started developing its proprietary blockchain platform in 2017 and has invested more than RM10mil of its internal funds in the business. It has been offering solutions through its own patented decentralised ledger technology (DLT) known as Authorised Proof of Capacity (APoC), which is the consensus mechanism used to run its OMChain.

The APoC consensus mechanism is used for trust and verification purposes on the OMChain, a public blockchain network which distributes data in a decentralised way.

This is to enable companies in different industries to gain insights that can be combined with blockchain technology to build new kinds of projects.

OMC, in turn, will be able to monetise its blockchain-as-a-service (BaaS) platform through charges for users to develop applications for various industries such as plantation and agriculture, e-commerce, financial services and entertainment.

OMCs platform also supports private transactions and smart contracts to ensure data privacy on the blockchain.

The company also sells its hybrid point-of-sales (POS) devices, which include a mining feature that rewards users with points that can be used for transactions. At the moment, OMCs POS system is used by more than 30,000 customers in China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia.

Setting up its tech: OMC has invested more than RM10mil in the business.

However, Lee acknowledges that there is still a lot of market education work needed to increase awareness on this technology despite the fact that blockchain technology has been around since early 2000.

Our focus is currently on the business-to-business (B2B) segment, especially in the areas of identifying management and certification, supply chain integration, real estate transactions, healthcare records and financial sectors.

The key benefits of blockchain technology is that it can reduce processing time and save money while ensuring transparency, security and trust by removing intermediaries from these processes as well as removing the risk of manipulation by the participants in the process.

This allows businesses to save time and cost and build trust and confidence for their brand with consumers, he says.Target industries

With industries rushing to digitise and automate their operations and transactions, Lee opines that blockchain could potentially play a role in revolutionising government applications, supply chain logistics, consumer transactions and data security.

At the moment, the healthcare market in the Asia Pacific region has seen the most significant growth in the level of blockchain technology adoption.

The end users in this sector include healthcare providers, healthcare payers and pharmaceutical companies. There are a number of applications within the healthcare segment that are utilising, or could potentially leverage, blockchain including clinical data interoperability and exchange, billing, claim settlements and supply chain management.

In short, Lee says, the technology has made the management of data much more methodical for the industry and has enhanced data security and interoperability.

While Asia is seeing strong growth in this area, China remains the most prominent player in blockchain growth. Tech giants such as Alibaba and Tencent also offer or are developing similar blockchain services.

Blockchain technology is still in the early majority adoption phase, where the technology has begun to gain traction and spread exponentially, but there is still some way to go for it to reach full adoption.

But one of the obstacles that the industry faces is the lack of talent. As with most new technology, the expertise needed to support its growth is scarce. And despite growing interest in Asia, there are not as many blockchain developers in the region.

On its part, Lee says the group is taking the initiative to help develop the blockchain ecosystem in this part of the world through the Asia Blockchain Center (ABC) which will serve as an accelerator, incubator and coworking space to nurture major blockchain innovations.

ABC will also provide various academic programmes and collaborate with universities to cultivate talents to meet market needs. The centre also aims to enable developers to innovate and work together.

This will hopefully develop talent as well as assist businesses to adopt this fast growing technology.

OMC strives to work with the best talents and groups in the industry to research and develop blockchain solutions to help businesses adopt blockchain technology to further benefit businesses, society, community and the country.

We strongly believe in achieving our vision to become the leader in the blockchain industry, says Lee.

Lee says the groups legal team is currently engaging with regulators to work out a possible legal framework on blockchain payments. Its plans include obtaining a licence in Malaysia to offer financial services in 2021 such as cross-border payment services, as well as expanding its footprint globally through its own patented technology, APoC.

Another important factor for the companys growth is funding a notable challenge for most startups in the tech space to continue developing its technology.

Lee says OMC has attracted interest from the tech and investment community, and is in talks with a strategic investor from China to raise new funds to expand its BaaS platform across the region.

It aims to secure an investment to further develop and promote its B2B blockchain ecosystem, especially in North Asia and Asean countries. Such capital would also help them in developing the expertise needed to enhance the ecosystem, says Lee.

While investment discussions have been delayed by the Covid-19 pandemic, Lee says OMC continues to engage and welcome approaches from strategic partners.

Additionally, ABC will be playing a part in drawing in more funds for this technology by becoming the nexus of Asias blockchain investment firms.

Although the company has to navigate through delayed plans and short-lived trends in a fast changing market, Lee expects 2020 to still be a very busy year for OMC. The coronavirus outbreak may have disrupted some of the timelines, but the company has taken the time to refine and recalibrate many of its products and services and Lee hopes to roll them out by the end of the year.

The team continues to labour through its research and development work and they remain focused on their long-term goals.

I believe that blockchain will be the trend in the future and I foresee that the demand for blockchain applications will be huge, hence our move into this direction will help to redefine how companies and businesses adopt this technology in the new digital age, says Lee.

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Advocating blockchain adoption - The Star Online

OCC chief expects SWIFT-like bank-to-blockchain connections in 3 to 5 years – Banking Dive

Acting Comptroller of the Currency Brian Brooks said Thursday he thinks banks will be connecting to blockchain the way they are connecting to the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) network in three to five years.

Then, they won't be the bottleneck of transactions, he told Jeremy Allaire, CEO of Circle, in a Zoom interview for the stablecoin payments software company's "Money Movement" podcast.

Instantaneous settlement [with stablecoin] would be a game-changer," Brooks said, noting the system's speed and cost advantages.

There is a 7%charge on a transactions changing dollars to yen, he said. "Imagine if you could take the cost out,"he said.

Beyond that, he said, stablecoin may help preserve the role of the dollar in the financial system.

"Currently, we are the only country in the world that doesn't have to change money to buy oil in Saudi Arabia. Even the Saudis do. That can't last for years,"Brooks said. "The dollar has been reserve currency for a long time not because it's better or easier to use but because it's more liquid."

Stablecoin is to the dollar what email is to the letter, Brooks said,and users need to have no less confidence in it than if they were using a prepaid debit card.

He argued for a decentralized system of payment rails led by companies rather than one that is government-owned, noting that the Visa network began as a credit card offered by Bank of America.

"What I always find puzzling when we talk about this is, why, given that history, people now believe that the payments system is a government service,"Brooks said.

The comments could be seen as a blow against the Federal Reserve's effort to roll out the FedNow system when The Clearing House's Real Time Payments network is already running,with 29 participating financial institutions and a reach of more than half of demand deposit accounts in the U.S.

"My personal view is, the ultimate public ownership of the payment rails is when you have a network, like the internet, of interconnected institutions and computers that are maintaining ledgers and allowing direct person-to-person transactions,"Brooks said. "We're way down the path of decentralization."

Before joining the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Brooks served as chief legal officer for the digital currency exchange Coinbase.

Regulators need to establish reserve and audit expectations for stablecoins, he said, adding that Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering safeguards are the most important aspects of money transmission networks to be perfected.

There needs to be a balance between privacy and the ability to investigate crime with stablecoins, Brooks said.

"Private transactions that can't be traced forever is a nonstarter,"he said.

The risks of stablecoins are not trivial, Brooks said but added there is too much public appetite for their benefits to stop them.

By analogy, Brooks said every municipal government wanted to ban Uber, but consumer demand for the service overwhelmed their objections.

The OCC last month told nationally chartered banks and federal savings associations in an interpretive letter they had the authority to provide cryptocurrency custody services for customers through escrowing encryption keys used in connection with digital certificates.

Institutions that provide crypto custody services must conduct them "in a safe and sound manner, including having adequate systems in place to identify, measure, monitor, and control risks," the letter said.

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OCC chief expects SWIFT-like bank-to-blockchain connections in 3 to 5 years - Banking Dive

A New Digital Order Unveiling The Interplay Of Law & Blockchain Technology – (A Three-Part Article Series) – Part A | Blockchain Technology: The…

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The advent of blockchain technology in the year 2009 hascompletely revolutionised the digital space. The idea of creating auniversal, entirely decentralised network for carrying outtransactions of a myriad nature has forced us to re-think thecapabilities and limitations of the internet. While blockchaintechnology holds the future and the key to ensuring ease ofcarrying out transactions over the digital space, the same has alsoled us to contemplate some very pertinent questions as to thelegality of such transactions devoid of any laws or regulationsoverlooking the same. A blockchain network that is transnational innature also leads us to examine how our existing territoriallylimited laws can ensure supervision over transactions happeningover such a vast network.

The present series seeks to examine some of these ragingquestions that need to be discussed, deliberated and answered. Theseries has been divided and presented into multiple, separate,comprehensive parts, with each part dealing with a specificsubject. The first paper in the series is presented in three parts,wherein the first part will capture the intricacies of theblockchain network, its essential characteristics and types, whilethe second part will discuss blockchain from a legal perspectiveand will set out the measures adopted by various sectoralregulators in India, the third and final part shall discuss theinitiatives of various States in India in advancing theimplementation of the technology. The forthcoming parts in theseries aim to analyse the interaction of the technology withdistinct legal practices such as Data Privacy, Arbitration, DisputeResolution, Corporate Transactions, Intellectual Property Rightsetc.

As the world advances towards a digital revolution, it has ledto the birth of a decentralised world that seeks to self-govern andnot rely upon a central authority of power to sustain and survive.It is a world that is increasingly controlled by codes, hash,programming to name a few. This system of decentralised power overthe internet arises from a general mistrust of central structures,established rules of conduct (overregulation) and governance thatseeks to promote an era of digital anarchy.

The name 'blockchain' stems from its technical structure a chain of blocks. Each block is chronologically linked tothe previous block via a cryptographic hash. A block is adata structure that allows each system to store a list oftransactions/information. Transactions are created and exchanged bypeers of the blockchain network which modify the state of theblockchain. As such, transactions can exchange monetary amounts,but are not restricted to financial transactions only and evenallow the execution of arbitrary code within so called smartcontracts.1

Blockchain was created to support a uniform, secure,decentralised system for sustaining the transfer of value-basedcrypto assets. The technology that first made its appearance in2008 in a paper written by Satoshi Nakamoto2 (apseudonym), was directed towards creating a decentralised onlineeconomy which did not require a central authority to sustain orgovern the system, one that was beyond borders, and theirconcomitant rules and regulations. In essence, blockchaintechnology was as big of a revolution as the creation of theinternet, combining a rebellion against all sources of power withthe genius of cryptography so much so that it seems almost ironicalthat during the current times governments across the globe havestarted channelling the usage of the technology having realised thepotential it possesses. While Nakamoto's paper only sought toutilise blockchain technology for enabling the transfer ofcryptocurrencies, more specifically bitcoins, this is merely asingular application of the revolutionary technology. The geniusbehind the technology lies in the distributed ledger system that itworks on.

Interestingly, cryptocurrencies unlike tangible currencies areeasier to copy and may be re-utilised since these constitutecompletely digital transactions leaving no trace in the tangibleworld especially in absence of a central authority. This issue waswitnessed by DigiCash which was created by cryptographer DavidChaum in 1994.3 Digicash relied upon Chaum's companyto validate all transactions and unfortunately, when his companywent bankrupt in 1998, DigiCash went down with it.4

Blockchain showcased an elegant solution to this problem ofdouble spending and continued reliance on a central regulatoryfigure. Blockchain permitted mutually mistrusting entities toperform financial payments without relying on a central trustedthird party while offering a transparent and integrity protecteddata storage.5 Due to these properties, blockchain as atechnology has gained much attention beyond the purpose offinancial transactions with the technology being utilisedacross various fields and services, such as financial market, IOT,supply chain, medical treatment, voting, storage and decentralizedautonomous organizations to name a few.6

Blockchain, has been defined as a digital, decentralised(distributed) ledger that keeps a record of all transactions thattake place across a peer-to-peer network.7 Apeer-to-peer network allows all participants within the network toshare files, resources and data that does not separately require amain server computer.8 Blockchain may also be conceivedas a transparent distributed database that records details of alltransactions performed by the system'sparticipants.9

Put simply, a blockchain stores a record of information (asa ledger) that does not require a central authority to governthe network (decentralised). The technology is powered byan interconnected network of participants (nodes orminers), that lend to the network the unique characteristicsof being decentralised and distributed.

A blockchain network is a multi-layered dimension in itself withseveral systems or nodes connected to the network, with nothird-party interference or control. A node could be a laptop, acomputer, or even a small server. Each node over a blockchainnetwork stores the entire record of transactions over the network.These nodes are linked together by a software protocol whichgoverns the blockchain network.

If we are to draw a parallel between a banking system and ablockchain, the similarity lies in the fact that both systems needto store information with respect to transactions. While banksstore the information on a private and centralised system, thestorage system in a blockchain is completely different and uniquewith the entire blockchain functioning as a giant, decentralisedledger that stores information.10 Each node over ablockchain network stores a copy of the information/transactionsover the network, such that there is no central single systemserving as a ledger for the information. The records so saved getsautomatically updated whenever a new transaction is added to ablock.

Interestingly, while a technical glitch in the central server ofa bank that stores the records of all transactions might cause amassive uproar, the same would just never happen on a blockchainnetwork because even if one 'node' (i.e. a system)fails to function or experiences a glitch of some sort, theremaining network of nodes would still hold a copy of the recordsin the ledger. Another major difference between a bank ledger andthe decentralised ledger is that while all nodes have access to therecords stored over a blockchain network the same is not the casein a bank ledger which is subject to restricted access and anysteps to access the records without authorisation might land one inprison. This system also allows all nodes over the network tovalidate and authenticate each and every transaction before it canbe stored on a block.

11

The above figure is a classic representation of a decentralisedledger. Alice who wants to send cryptocurrency over the network toBob will have to do the same through a network of nodes spreadacross the globe. Once the transaction has been validated through aconsensus mechanism, the records maintained by every node over thesystem will get automatically updated.

Certain set of nodes who perform a more specialised function arereferred to as 'miners'. A 'miner' is a node in thenetwork who works towards authenticating a transaction. Simply putminers are nodes who have invested in higher levels of programming,specialised mining software and computer power that enables them tocarry out extremely complex computational tasks in order tovalidate a transaction. While all miners are nodes, all nodes mayor may not be miners.

Any person who wishes to join a blockchain network as a mineronly needs to create an account over a platform that gives accessto the network, and additionally invest in specialised computersoftware and programming powers. Upon doing the same, the person(or in essence his system) may become a miner and thereafter mayparticipate in validating transactions. In reality, it is not theindividual miner who authenticates the transaction, rather it isthe system that performs extremely complex tasks using hashingfunctions (SHA-256) towards authenticating the transaction. Theprocess of performing SHA-256 hash twice to arrive at a winninglottery number which is less than a target threshold, which in turncan then be used to authenticate and add new blocks of informationto the blockchain, is known as mining. In exchange for the task ofauthenticating, miners are incentivised with a block reward by thenetwork.

Blockchains possess the capacity to function on a transparent,public network, where the identities of nodes and miners are hiddenaway with private keys and encryptions. Every node over the networkhas a public key and a private key that are paired together. Whilea public key is visible to all and could be considered akin to anemail address, the private key is more like a password and ispossessed by the node only. The private key attaches authenticityto any information sent out by the node or any transaction made byattaching a digital signature to the transaction and the privatekey is only known to the miner/node it belongs to.12

For a transaction to be validated over a blockchain network,each miner over the network performs the SHA- 256 hash twice in thehope that the said hash will provide a number lesser than a targetthreshold. Essentially, it is like performing a long mathematicaldivision and hoping that the number arrived at is a single digit.The miners/computers are expending huge amounts of energy hopingthat it would randomly pick a winning lottery number (and not amathematical puzzle as is commonly misunderstood) which will allowthe miner to claim that they have the next block and thus entitledto the next block reward.13

Hashing is an integral part of the process because it assistsother nodes in authenticating or tracing the transaction. Whilemining and hashing techniques are complicated and a detailedexplainer on these is outside the purview of this paper, it is safeto say that mining involves a game of trial and error by each mineruntil one hits the jackpot by creating a valid hash andauthenticating the transaction. A miner's system has to keepgenerating hash numbers till one wins the gamble. The Bitcoinnetwork typically uses the Secure Hashing Algorithm 256 (SHA-256)that performs the task of reducing every input transaction to afixed output length of 256 bytes. This means no matter the inputlength of the data, the output length is always fixed.

Before the block with the validated information can be added tothe blockchain, the same has to be verified by a majority of nodesover the system. These nodes run a simple calculation in order toensure that the hash output so generated is valid and abides by thenetwork protocol. This system of verification ensures that onlyauthentic data has been stored on a block. Once the block has beenverified, it is added to the network.

Every validated transaction is stored on a block which is thenadded to the chain. Each block over a network comprises of fourcomponents: (a) Timestamp; (b) Nonce & Difficulty; (c) Hash ofthe present block; and (d) Hash of the previous block.

When a miner attains the winning lottery number, it generates aunique hash number that attaches validity to the transaction. Ahash is a unique 64 digit hexadecimal number that operates as aunique fingerprint for each block. Instead of searching for acertain transaction in a network of thousands of blocks, everytransaction can simply be traced through its uniquehash.14 The hash so generated is authenticated by amajority of nodes over the network, once authenticated thetransaction gets recorded in a block.

A block does not simply record the hash of its own data, it alsostores the hash of the previous block. However, the first block ina blockchain (called the 'Genesis Block') cannot pointtowards the hash of a previous block. The Genesis Block depicts theprevious hash value as 0.15 This feature lends toblockchain network a certain amount of authenticity, sincemodifying the hash of a particular block would necessarily requiremodification of the hashes contained in all other preceding blocksover the network. Accomplishing this would require a node or aminer to possess extremely fast computational power that changesthe hash numbers of the blocks faster than they are created.

In addition to the hash, each block over the blockchain networkalso consists of a nonce number. This number is appended to theblock header, and miners must guess this nonce number through trialand error in order to get through to the hashvalue.16

17

A blockchain network has no centralised authority to govern andregulate the system. All the decisions over the network have to bemade by the network of nodes by reaching a consensus. The consensusmechanism may manifest itself in several ways over a blockchainnetwork. For instance, consensus may be said to be achieved when amajority of the nodes validate the hash generated by the miner andcreate a consensus that the block should be added to the blockchain(the proof-of-work consensus).18 This consensus is ofutmost significance on the network due to the lack of a centralauthority.

This consensus forms the grundnorm upon which the blockchainsubsists. However, in some cases, the nodes may be unable to cometo a consensus as to a certain transaction. This is where a'fork' or a split is created. A fork results in creation ofa new chain of blocks stemming from the previous chain. The forkcreated may be a soft fork, one that does not alter the validity ofthe old chain, however, it may also be a hard fork, one wherein thenew chain cannot be validated with the old rules, and a consensusis needed as to which chain of blocks shouldprevail.19

The diagram below elaborates how a transaction is undertaken ona bitcoin network:

20

Blockchain networks carry a unique set of characteristics, fewbeing:

Like the internet, blockchain network transcends borders andfunctions seamlessly. Nodes over a blockchain network may be spreadacross the globe each possessing a copy of all transactions takingplace over the network. This decentralised network of nodes spreadacross the globe constitute the real authority over a blockchainnetwork responsible for keeping the network up and running. Thereis no central authority governing the activities over the network,no central server holding all records together. The nodes over thenetwork operate together in-tandem with each other to verifytransactions, adding a block to the chain, and serving asindividual ledgers with updated record of all transactions takingplace over the network.

The blockchain network functions on a pre-defined consensusmechanism. The consensus that has to be reached among the nodesover the network accords to the network its unique characteristics,constituting the ability to remain decentralised, and renderingdata stored over the network non-repudiable. For validating andrecording a new transaction over the network, a consensus of nodeswould have to be achieved. The consensus mechanism allows users totrust the network without the need of knowing the identity of othernodes.

The soul of a blockchain network lies in the fact that there isno central power figure in the system. If we imagine a blockchainnetwork to be a nation in itself, it would be a nation run by theindividual citizens all of whom have equal power to run the same,build aspects that they want, and most importantly simultaneous anduniform access to information. Relying upon the same analogy, on ablockchain network, citizens are replaced by the individual nodesin the system. All of these nodes have equivalent and universalpowers. All of them have the capacity to authenticate or validatetransactions broadcasted over the network, although they mustcompete to achieve the valid hash.

While the records of transactions stored on a block areaccessible to all nodes over the network, the data stored on ablock cannot be modified or deleted. If data over a block is indeedto be modified or deleted, it would require a consensus of morethan half the number of miners or nodes over a system, that is,about 51% of the system would have to collude in order to attainthe objective.21 This would mean convincing a majorityof anonymous nodes over the system to tamper the data, which on theface of it may be challenging.

Also, since all records are stored with a unique hash and everyblock is timestamped, tampering with one block will trigger therequirement to modify all the previous blocks which will requiremassive computational power especially in order to attain 51%consensus.22 This unique characteristic essentiallymakes a blockchain network tamper-proof and resilient to change.This may be of great benefit in several sectors (especiallyfinancial sector) that must necessarily rely upon the tamper proofnature of records, for instance, banking and financial sectors.

While all blockchains operate in a similar manner, blockchainsmay be of three types depending upon the extent of accessibility tothe system:

Blockchain technology constitutes one of the most potent digitalrevolutions of our times and it is here to stay. With consistentresearch and efforts on in the field in order to make it morecompatible with distinct sectors, the technology is bound to beclosely tied up with digital advancements in the near future.

While the technology may prove to be quite beneficial whenapplied across sectors, certain concerns may arise. While theinherent decentralised, tamper-free nature of the technology lendscertain benefits and advantages to the network, the samecharacteristics also bring forth a plethora of challenges. Theseconcerns arising from the interplay of the technology with the lawand various sectoral regulators shall be discussed in the secondpart of this paper.

Footnotes

1. Karl Wst & Arthur Gervais,Do you need a Blockchain?, (April 27, 2020, 10:33 am), https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/375.pdf.

2. Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: APeer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, (April 28, 2020, 11:01am), BITCOIN.ORG, https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.

3. Aaron Wright & Primavera DeFilippi, BLOCKCHAIN AND THE LAW 19 (2018).

4. Id.

5. Supra note 2.

6. Iuon-Chang Lin & Tzu-Chun Liao,A Survey of Blockchain Security Issues and Challenges,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NETWORK SECURITY, Vol.19, No.5, 653-659(2017).

7. Blockchain: the next innovation tomake our cities smarter, (May 18, 2020, 11:10 am), FICCI-PWC,http://ficci.in/spdocument/22934/Blockchain.pdf.

8. James Cope, What's aPeer-to-Peer Network?, (April 27, 2020, 13:30 PM), https://www.computerworld.com/article/2588287/networking-peer-to-peer-network.html.

9. Balamurali K., 2020: an Era ofb-Governance Blockchain, 21ST NATIONAL CONFERENCE ONE-GOVERNANCE - COMPENDIUM OF SELECTED PAPERS, 2020, DEP. OFADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS & PUBLIC GRIEVANCES, GOVT. OF INDIA, 69,73.

10. The Economist, Blockchain TheNext Big Thing, Or Is It?, (April 27, 2020, 13:30 PM), https://www.economist.com/special-report/2015/05/07/the-next-big-thing.

11. CB Insights, What is BlockchainTechnology?, [image], (April 27, 2020, 13:30 PM), https://www.cbinsights.com/research/what-is-blockchain-technology/.

12. Leon Di, Why do I Need a Publicand Private Key over a Blockchain? (June 08, 2020, 19:13 PM),https://blog.wetrust.io/why-do-i-need-a-public-and-private-key-on-the-blockchain-c2ea74a69e76.

13. Keir Finlow Bates, https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6678487266249314304/.

14. Online Hashcrack, Hashing inBlockchain Explained, (April 27, 2020, 15:00 PM), https://www.onlinehashcrack.com/how-to-hashing-in-blockchain-explained.php.

15. Medium, What is Genesis Block andWhy Genesis Block is needed?, (May 16, 2020, 10:00 PM), https://medium.com/@tecracoin/what-is-genesis-block-and-why-genesis-block-is-needed-1b37d4b75e43.

16. Jake Frankenfield, Nonce(May 16, 2020, 10:00 AM) https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nonce.asp.

17. Hash of the previous block,[image], (May 9, 2020, 8:45 pm), https://www.mdpi.com/J/J-02-00021/article_deploy/html/images/J-02-00021-g002-550.jpg.

18. Investopedia, Consensus Mechanism(Cryptocurrency), (May 16, 2020, 14:30 PM), https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consensus-mechanism-cryptocurrency.asp.

19. Geeks for Geeks, BlockchainForks, (May 15, 2020, 11:57 PM), https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/blockchain-forks/.

20. How Bitcoin TransactionsWork?, [image], (June 10, 2020, 13:28 PM), https://janzac.com/how-bitcoin-transaction-works/.

21. The Economist, supra note10.

22. Aaron Wright, supra note 3,at 36.

23 Darya Yafimava, What areConsortium Blockchains and What Purpose Do they Serve?, (April29, 2020, 9:00 AM), https://openledger.info/insights/consortium-blockchains/.

Originally published 6 August2020

The content of this article is intended to provide a generalguide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be soughtabout your specific circumstances.

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Japans Top HR Firm Is Working on a Blockchain-Based Recruitment App – Cointelegraph

Persol Group, one of the largest human resource companies in Japan, has partnered with major Japanese IT and electronics company, NEC Corporation, to build a new blockchain-powered recruiting platform. Persol Group is one of the largest staffing companies in the country, with 32,000 employees and a market cap of $5.7 billion as of 2017.

According to the announcement, the two companies have begun working on a Proof-of-Concept to test a direct recruiting service that utilizes blockchain technology to securely manage personal data, prevent falsification of information, and ensure authenticity.

This new platform is expected to target the shortage of IT human resources in Japan. Citing data from Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry, the companies reps noted that the skill gap could account for 800,000 people by 2020.

According to the announcement, NEC is acting as a technology provider within the initiative. Teruyuki Nakajima, general manager of corporate business incubation at NEC, said:

NEC will start a new direct recruiting initiative that utilizes its own blockchain technology. Through these initiatives, we hope that opportunities to find employment online will be provided to everyone fairly, and that a world where diverse work styles and lifestyles will be realized.

A number of companies around the world have implemented blockchain to improve their recruitment-related processes so far. This has come at a crucial time, given the increased unemployment rate caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In February 2020, human resources firm Randstad announced an integration with enterprise blockchain platform Cypherium to automate its workflow using smart contracts. In 2019, Big Four auditing firm Deloitte integrated privacy tech by cryptography startup QEDIT to track, share, and validate the qualifications of staff.

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Japans Top HR Firm Is Working on a Blockchain-Based Recruitment App - Cointelegraph

Blockchain Adoption Is Critical For The 5G Economy To Thrive – Forbes

Next generation technology tools and applications have the potential to redefine the economy; blockchain will need to play a leading role.

NurPhoto via Getty Images

There is no shortage of emerging technology applications and tools that are rapidly moving from the realm of science fiction to practical reality. Self-driving cars, the internet of things, smart devices for both individual and institutional use, digital twins of physical devices, and all kinds of other new ideas are quickly becoming mainstream.

That said, and no matter what specific tool is being examined, all of these new ways of doing business are dependent on the information that is being communicated. Put simply, data needs to flow in real time, and do so in a manner that is encrypted or otherwise deemed trustworthy.

If blockchain had not already been invented or thought of, it would certainly be in development to address these needs. Taking a step back from the specifics of blockchain, it makes perfect sense that in order for this array of new inventions, products, and services to operate as advertised, and create the economic growth that is predicted, the information that underpins these inventions must be secure.

A smart phone malfunctioning might represent an inconvenience, but if self-driving cars are hacked or other industrial devices connected to a 5G network are hacked, it can very quickly become a dangerous situation for all parties involved.

While a full-fledged blockchain policy might still be a pipe dream at this point, there are several specific components of the 5G economy that are directly dependent on successfully implementing and integrating blockchain.

Lets take a look at just how integral the core components of blockchain are to this next stage of economic growth and development.

Data security. This is perhaps the most obvious connection between blockchain and the 5G economy that is rapidly approaching. Specifically, as more and more types of data and information are communicated wirelessly between sensors, devices, and all kinds of other tools, the importance of keeping this data safe is of paramount importance. Self driving cars, for example, may already exist, but hacks and other technology failures highlight the importance of keeping these devices secure.

Collaborations underway between IBM IBM and several automakers to develop a blockchain designed for this purpose, in addition to the efforts at the Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative (MOBI), are clear indicators of how seriously these projects are being taken.

Blockchain iterations. Blockchain is not being developed and refined in a vacuum, and is actually a logical extension of current technology trends emphasizing data mobility, transparency, and analytics. The digital economy requires a network that can scale, is flexible enough to handle different kinds of information, and can interoperate with existing technology tools.

Much like how 5G technologies build on existing digital and technological infrastructure, blockchain runs on existing infrastructure being turbocharged with the development of other technologies. The recent launching of a blockchain and AI unit by the Korean Central Bank shows just how powerful the combination of blockchain with other technologies can be.

Secured automation. Automation is an underlying business trend that shows no sign of abating, and even though blockchain did not cause this trend to exist, the digitization of virtually every service as a result of 5G will only accelerate automation. Automating subpar or substandard processes, however, will not create any economic value and might actually do more harm than good.

Blockchain-based smart contracts can provide a potential solution to this problem; since the contracts and executory clauses included therein need to be reviewed as a part of the conversion of regular contracts to smart contracts, the risk of erroneous events happening will decrease. Especially when combined with other technologies such as robotic process automation (RPA) and artificial intelligence (AI) platforms, the implications of blockchain-enabled automation are exciting.

These are just a few of the ways in which it makes logical sense for the increased adoption and implementation of 5G tools and platforms to accompany more widespread implementation of blockchain technology.

As promising as this sounds, and despite the reality that these changes and shifts have actually already started, the promise will never fully materialize if customers and business owners do not have confidence in the data driving the process. Data should be increasingly viewed as a competitive advantage and core competency for every organization, and protecting this data should be a priority at every organization.

Blockchain, although not a perfect tool, is well positioned to address some of the issues that currently exist in the technology space, and could prove to be the secret sauce necessary to propel 5G adoption forward.

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Blockchain Adoption Is Critical For The 5G Economy To Thrive - Forbes

Coronavirus hasn’t stopped me from quitting my job to backpack around the world – New York Post

Last December, Jordan Hurt swam in the Pacific Ocean after skydiving from 10,000 feet above Manuel Antonio, a rugged national park in Costa Rica.

Mid-swim, the 32-year-old realized he needed a break from the Big Apple a long break.

After nearly 10 years in New York and more than five working as an assistant to Million Dollar Listing New York real estate broker Ryan Serhant, Hurt questioned whether the hustle made him happy.

The answer was no, Hurt said. As I was in the ocean I just looked around and I was like, Oh, its this. This is what I want.

When he returned to the city in January, he started plotting out a yearlong backpacking trip around the world. By the time his planned July departure rolled around, however, Hurt had to contend with myriad obstacles due to the coronavirus, which began its major US outbreak in March. Not only did the Centers for Disease Control recommend avoiding all nonessential travel, but the bulk of the worlds nearly 200 countries shut their borders to US travelers and remain that way.

There was maybe one moment within that first stretch of quarantine that I thought, Oh, Im not going to be able to do this, said the Ohio native. I knew I had to stay hopeful and figure out a way for it to be possible.

Clinging to a now-or-never mentality, Hurt had already budgeted the time and money for the trip.

If I would have waited another year, my life could be completely different, said Hurt. I didnt own [my] apartment, I didnt have a partner, I didnt have a dog I was like, Pull the cord, lets go.

So, on July 5 a day after receiving negative COVID-19 test results he set off on his adventure. In his bag, he packed a stack of bandanas to wear over surgical masks.

First came a 14-day quarantine in a London Airbnb, where he watched Netflix and ordered fish and chips via Uber Eats. He chose the United Kingdom as a starting point, he said, because it allows US citizens to enter with the requisite two weeks isolation.

After the mandatory quarantine ended, he boarded a train for Gare du Nord station in Paris. Coming from the UK, he was able to enter France regardless of his own citizenship.

Hurt did have to reroute his itinerary three times to accommodate destinations that allow travelers. Initially, at the onset of the outbreak in the US in March, he figured he could begin in Guatemala and work his way down into South America. But the coronavirus soon spread to that region, with countries including Brazil, Chile and Peru continuing to battle major outbreaks. (Latin America has since recorded more than 5.4 million infections and more than 210,000 deaths.) So he switched tack and set his sights on Europe.

Hurt stayed with friends in Paris, then took a bus to Bordeaux and traveled the Atlantic coast, where he climbed Dune Du Pilat, Europes tallest sand dune. From there, he took a long-distance rideshare to Madrid and has since driven through southern Spain, hitting Seville, Cadiz, Tarifa, Malaga and Granada, chronicling his stops on social media.

Coronavirus cases in Spain, however, have risen throughout July and August and on Tuesday, national health authorities announced 8,618 new cases arose over the previous four days. Hurt is keeping his eyes on cases in Barcelona, which he wants to visit before making his way to Italy via France.

There is a huge lack of tourism, he said, adding that visits to tourist hot spots like Buckingham Palace in London and the Plaza de Espaa in Seville have been blissfully empty. Im just going with the flow and its different.

There are other Americans around Europe though not nearly as many as during any typical summer. One traveler from Miami told Politico he also reached Spain via the United Kingdom, where authorities didnt require him to isolate during a layover at Londons Heathrow airport. When he arrived in Barcelona, he was treated as a UK citizen and allowed to enter.

Even while forging ahead with his grand adventure, Hurt added, hes being responsible.

Every single place I go, I wear a mask and I wear a mask every day on the streets, he said adding that he also frequently uses publicly accessible hand sanitizer and stays 6 feet from others.

At the end of the day, I come in peace, he said. Im coming to experience different cultures and experience different beautiful landmarks Im not coming to be some fool out here.

When hes not sightseeing, hes eating at restaurants, where hes been able to dine inside as long as he wears a mask until reaching the table. And staying in hostels, hes made some friends, including a man from London with a similar backpacking route with whom Hurt has been traveling in Spain. Otherwise, he said, there is a certain amount of time Im spending alone, though he added that doesnt bother him.

Unlike in New York, museums and other attractions are open in Europe with social-distancing measures and timed tickets. Hurt hasnt encountered a site hes wanted to see but couldnt due to COVID-19.

For now, hes in Europe for a couple more months before trekking to Turkey, where Americans can enter with a visa after being checked for COVID-19 symptoms. He aims to head to Israel in October, but since March 18, Israels government has barred all foreigners from entering its borders.

[Coronavirus] has presented me with challenges and obstacles along the way, but in a way it kind of adds to the adventure, said Hurt. In the meantime, Im out seeing the world.

Whats more: He also hopes to reach Australia and previously COVID-free New Zealand, both of which have also sealed their borders to new arrivals. Other target destinations for 2021 include India and southeast Asia.

This is going to be one of those opportunities to really grow, he said. Its great to be alive and its great to be experiencing this time in my life.

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Coronavirus hasn't stopped me from quitting my job to backpack around the world - New York Post

Mothers, Babies Stranded in Ukraine Surrogacy Industry – The New York Times

KYIV, Ukraine Tears streamed down Yevhenia Troyans face as her flight took off from Northern Cyprus, one of the odd corners of Europe where Ukrainian surrogacy agencies have set up shop.

The flight in February was her last chance to return home to Ukraine before its borders slammed shut with coronavirus travel bans. But she had to leave abandon, she felt the baby girl she had just given birth to on behalf of a lesbian couple in London.

I had the feeling I was leaving my own baby behind, she said.

In one of the more bizarre consequences of coronavirus travel restrictions, biological parents, babies and surrogate mothers have become scattered and sometimes stranded in multiple countries for months this year.

Ukraine, with its relatively permissive reproductive health laws and an abundance of willing mothers among a poor population, is a hub of the international business, executives in the industry and womens rights advocates say.

But Ukrainian law bans surrogacy for same-sex couples or for clients who wish to select the sex of the child. In response, a branch of the Ukrainian industry began moving women to other jurisdictions for impregnation and birth, often to legal gray zones like the largely unrecognized, Turkish-backed, splinter state of Northern Cyprus.

An ideal destination for all family models, one company offering the service, Surrogacy 365, says on its website.

The women travel to have an embryo implanted, return to Ukraine for seven months of pregnancy, then travel again to give birth.

Virus travel restrictions drew attention earlier this year for blocking heterosexual parents from retrieving their babies inside Ukraine. At one point, 79 babies were stacked up in Kyiv, cared for by nurses, in cribs at a hotel.

In neighboring Russia, where surrogacy is also legal, a member of the Kremlins advisory council on human rights said that as many as 1,000 babies born in surrogacy are stranded, the Guardian reported. Virus travel bans also stranded babies born by Ukrainian surrogate mothers in third countries.

It is a very common illegal business in such countries as Northern Cyprus, Transnistria, Abkhazia and other unrecognized statelets, said Sergii Antonov, a lawyer and authority on reproductive law in Ukraine.

In Northern Cyprus, the Ukrainian mothers give birth without a legal surrogacy contract. Instead, they renounce custody after birth, which allows the genetic parents to adopt the children. It is a legal process that can stretch for several weeks.

In February and March, 14 Ukrainian mothers, fearful of being stranded by virus travel bans, left Northern Cyprus after giving birth but before completing the transfer to the genetic parents, leaving behind a crop of babies in legal limbo.

An ensuing dispute between agents and the mothers has spilled into the news media in Ukraine and shed light on what is usually a secretive business. The women say they endured shoddy medical care and mandatory C-sections, assertions supported by medical records of postpartum treatment. One baby died.

These illegal programs became visible only because the virus travel bans disrupted their business model, said Svitlana Burkovska, director of Mothers Force, a nongovernmental group.

Ms. Burkovska estimated that last year, before the virus travel bans, about 3,000 Ukrainian women traveled abroad for surrogacy births and another 30,000 traveled to donate eggs, mostly out of public view. It is very risky for the women giving birth, she said.

Her group is now investigating an underground maternity ward in an apartment in the town of Famagusta in Northern Cyprus. The mothers described it as a clandestine hospital. They said the nurses spoke only Turkish, and the doctors didnt know their medical histories.

When I came to the hospital a doctor was surprised to hear I had a C-section before, said one of the women, who offered only her first name, Ira, because she does not want family and friends to know of her work as a surrogate mother.

It was too late to follow safe practice and deliver her next child by Cesarean, as her cervix was opening, she said. An anesthesiologist arrived wearing a down jacket, rather than scrubs, inside the makeshift hospital, and she gave birth.

Several hours later, she watched the baby die on a table nearby while medical workers were trying to save her own life, she said. She was bleeding internally and vomiting.

They obviously did not have enough staff, Ira said. They put the baby aside, it was a nice healthy-looking girl. She did not breathe but I saw her moving, Ira said, crying while recalling the ordeal, which took place in February.

After the death, the Turkish doctors demanded the women give birth by C-section, though one was allowed a vaginal birth.

Updated August 12, 2020

I begged to give birth naturally, Ms. Troyan said. They promised me I could, but the doctor suddenly came and said I am having a C-section, right now.

An agent sent a text message to her phone: We dont need more deaths.

Another surrogate mother in the group, who offered only her first name, Yana, who is 22, carried a baby girl for a gay couple from England. The baby was born in the 36th week by C-section. I could have easily carried the baby full term, she said.

As the virus spread in February, the surrogacy agency asked the mothers to remain in Famagusta and feign parenthood of the children until paperwork was completed, but they left instead.

I was told to pretend, if the police came to check, that the biological father is my common-law husband, said one of the mothers, Yulia, 40, who carried twin girls for a gay couple from England.

Yulia is in touch with the couple, who paid more than 100,000 euros, or $118,000. But the couple has been unable to pick up the twins, she said. The babies are temporarily in foster care, Yulia said.

When she left, Ms. Troyan feared for the uncertain legal future of the girl she had given birth to, and she cried. In her case, however, the gay parents from Britain managed to retrieve the infant from Northern Cyprus.

Not all Ukrainian women who travel abroad to provide surrogacy services endured such ordeals.

Lyudmyla Medvedchuk, 40, had an embryo transfer in Ukraine and gave birth in Poland in mid-February, without incident. Ms. Medvedchuk, in an interview, said she enjoyed the experience of being a surrogate mother and planned to do so again.

But back in Ukraine, the group who gave birth in Northern Cyprus struggled even to receive reimbursements for postpartum treatments.

Two agents who arranged the births blamed the mothers for abandoning the babies and lashed out publicly. The agents published the mothers names online to intimidate them, and posted on social media disparaging comments calling them cattle. Reached by phone, one of the agents declined to comment.

Carlos Alberto Leiva Signes, a case manager with Surrogacy 365, declined to discuss the companys operations, writing you are requesting confidential information. Two gay couples in Britain, contacted through the mothers, declined to comment.

Back in Ukraine, the womens lack of documents showing renunciation of custody leaves them fearful that child welfare officials will investigate them after they request postpartum care without infants to show for the births.

I am afraid I can be arrested, said Yana.

Doctors, she said, have started asking her a question she cannot answer: Where is your baby?

Andrew E. Kramer contributed reporting from Moscow.

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Mothers, Babies Stranded in Ukraine Surrogacy Industry - The New York Times

Inside the exclusive world of luxury RV travel in America – Business Insider – Business Insider

The sun is setting in Indio, California, and Dan Cross and wife, Colleen, are driving a golf cart along a palm tree-fringed path.

They're heading to their friends' home for dinner, where dinner is served on a private outdoor patio near the pool. Mountains loom in the distance and the blazing sun fades away as the friends talk in Desert Shores Motorcoach Resort, the luxury RV resort the Crosses have called part-time home for the past 12 years and where a lot costs an average of $400,000.

Welcome to Desert Shores, where an RV lot will cost you $400,000. Courtesy Desert Shores

The Crosses have been RVing for nearly 35 years, and they've been in the high-end RV market for most of that time. Their primary residence is in Iowa, and they chose California to escape the cold Midwestern winters. They stay at Desert Shores from November through April, and to live there is to have a social existence.

"There's an awful lot of socializing going on within the park," Cross told Business Insider. "During a typical week, you find people inviting their friends and neighbors over and having dinner on their patios."

RVing has long been a popular travel option, but as the coronavirus pandemic led to border shutdowns around the world, many Americans have turned to old-fashioned domestic road travel to satiate their cabin fever. RVshare, a peer-to-peer rental marketplace, reported a 650% increase in bookings since early April.

RVs are hotels, cars, and offices in one with the added perk of bathrooms and WiFi. For families on the go, the sights and national parks in Western states like South Dakota, Wyoming, Arizona, and California remain top RV destinations. But for travelers who appreciate the finer things in life, luxury RV resorts, which are similar to five-star hotels, prove to be extremely popular.

Not just a place to park your RVs, RV resorts have spacious lots and operate essentially like country clubs, with monthly dues in exchange for access to a wide array of amenities.

Just 30 minutes from Palm Springs and Joshua Tree National Park and one hour from Big Bear Lake, Desert Shores has 141 lots.

All guests at Desert Shores sleep in their motorhomes, but each of those lots also has a villa. They're aptly named "villas": Each measures between 1,200 and 1,800 square feet and is replete with its own pool, hot tub, and patio. Indoors, space opens up to a kitchen, a great room, a bathroom, and a garage. Owners can put their lots into a rental pool and renters must stay for a minimum of 31 days.

Courtesy Desert Shores

Guests also have access to a 10,000-square-foot clubhouse, pool, spa, kitchen, ballroom, fitness center, tennis courts, a dog park and enhanced security.

Darren Leigh Smith, Desert Shores' Broker, says the resort attracts buyers seeking an upscale experience.

"Our guests are primarily snowbirds from colder states, and most are self-made husband-and-wife duos who have built small businesses together," Smith said. "All of the hard work they put in affords them the time to enjoy life away from work more. They come to Desert Shores because of the extra space we provide with our large lots and casitas, which allows them to invite their kids and grandkids to visit, which can be hard to do with typical RV resorts."

These specific restrictions match most of those who own Class A motorhomes. Like many of the luxury RV resort offerings, Desert Shores requires guests to have Class A motorhomes (also referred to as bus conversions and motorcoaches), which typically measure 36- to 45-feet long. They're the largest on the market, sleeping eight to 10 people.

These are also considered the most luxurious RVs out there and cost anywhere from $50,000 and to $3 million.

A Featherlite Coach. Courtesy Featherlite

Among the many companies that create Class A motorhomes are Monarch, Marathon Coaches, Prevost, and Anderson Mobile Estates. These motorhomes are often regarded as "land yachts" for their expensive fabrics and flooring, top-notch appliances, and even rooftop hot tubs.

Featherlite Coaches, a luxury motorcoach manufacturer, creates conversion motorhomes on the Prevost bus chassis with floor plans that can include multiple bathrooms, bunk beds that convert to closets, and dinettes that convert to coffee tables for entertaining. Many are even installed with Amazon Alexa voice controls, Apple TV, HDTV satellite antennas, and cellular routers to stay connected even in the most remote locations.

Mark Eisenhart, Vice President of Sales and Marketing at Featherlite Coaches, told Business Insider the company has seen a marked increase in sales and deliveries of coaches since mid-May. Compared to the same months last year, sales and deliveries have more than doubled, Eisenhart said.

"As more executives need to travel, and more families search for a safer way to travel and vacation, coaches offer a method to satisfy both needs," Eisenhart said.

The camaraderie and like-minded community is what draws people to RV resorts.

"RV people are different. They like being outdoors, and they like being with their spouse," said Kyle McCain, an RVer and President of the Board of Directors at Mountain Falls Motorcoach Resort in Lake Toxaway, North Carolina. "Any one of us can get on an airplane and fly to the Ritz-Carlton. But if you're at an RV resort, you like being with similar people."

Mountain Falls attracts an affluent clientele that includes Fortune 500 business executives, developers, oil company executives, hoteliers, and wine connoisseurs. McCain says COVID-19 has positively impacted sales at Mountain Falls, reporting a 127% increase in revenue and 102% increase in rentals over the last year.

Courtesy Mountain Falls

There are 230 lots, most of which come with a cottage and can set you back $1.2 million to $3 million. There's no lack of activities to partake in on-site: the RV park has tennis courts, pickleball courts, a fitness center and spa, a nine-hole golf course, and two pools. That's in addition to a concierge who organizes off-property activities like hiking, and a chic clubhouse with stately stone fireplaces and a dining room.

"At Mountain Falls, ownership is inspired by the absolute beauty we're surrounded by a state park wilderness on one side and the Blue Ridge Mountains on the other side," McCain said. "That, combined with the best amenities and social events that we, as 38-year RVers, have ever experienced."

Lisa Proctor and her husband, both of whom are retired, have been traveling to Mountain Falls for four years. They head there for the summer months to escape the sweltering Tennessee heat. Their small dog Roxy has been a trusty companion on their travels.

"RV living is, more than anything else, about being outside and away from the noise, confinement and complexity of urban life," she told Business Insider.

An aerial shot of Mountain Falls. Courtesy Mountain Falls

While some love the seclusion, others choose resorts for their proximity to the ocean and world-class golfing. Enter: Naples Motorcoach Resort in Naples, Florida.

Many RVers love Naples Motorcoach Resort because they can bring their boats for day trips or fishing in the Gulf of Mexico, to which the resort offers direct access. The 184-lot luxury resort's grounds feature manicured gardens, palm trees, and tidy green lawns. Among its amenities are three pools, fitness center, poker room, private theater, billiards room, and a ballroom.

Chad Geffert, General Manager of Naples Motorcoach Resort, told Business Insider that owners typically build custom casitas with amenities like tiki huts, outdoor kitchens, and fire pits. Lots range from $129,900 to $289,000, excluding the cost of the customizations.

Courtesy Naples Motorcoach

"RV ownership has gone up in the industry, and I think it's related to the fact that RVs are probably the safest way to travel for the next few years," Geffert said. Of Naples Motorcoach's clientele, he noted, "It's all large-scale, Class A motorhomes. When people come down from the north, they'll spend the whole season down here. It's more of a long-term resort with the option to buy and have a piece of paradise forever."

At Hearthside Grove Motorcoach Resort in Petoskey, Michigan, vacationers are able to access the outdoors in complete luxury. Lots have cottages with chic amenities and contemporary interiors, but they do not come cheap: Purchasing a lot can cost up to $1 million.

The resort is ensconced in lush woodlands and is just minutes from the lake with easy access to golfing, sailing, fishing trips, and cooking classes with local chefs. It's the perfect family-friendly resort.

The living is easy at Hearthside Grove in Michigan. Courtesy Hearthside Grove

The ease of having an RV, especially during COVID-19, is paying off for several travelers. Cross and his wife will return to Desert Shores for their usual November to April season, but in the meantime, they're hoping to take a trip up to Michigan with the lifelong friends they've met at Desert Shores resort.

"We've built probably the best friends of our lives there," he said. "Like family."

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Inside the exclusive world of luxury RV travel in America - Business Insider - Business Insider

On the Shores of Cape Cod, Where the Oyster Is Their World – The New York Times

At the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, with travel restrictions in place worldwide, we launched a series The World Through a Lens in which photojournalists help transport you, virtually, to some of our planets most beautiful and intriguing places. This week, Randy Harris shares a collection of images from the shores of Cape Cod.

When I first met Chris Crobar, he was a half mile from the shore, on the tidal flats that stretch far out into Cape Cod Bay. It was 5 a.m., and I was out for a walk at low tide. From a distance, I saw what looked like little black sails in the water.

Chris was a spectacle: alone with his boat and table in the middle of the bay like an artist with his easel, painting a fiery sunrise. He stood there fastidiously scraping the barnacles off his oysters, then tossing them back into the cages where theyll sit for a couple of years on the floor of the bay.

Before the arrival of the Europeans, the native people of Cape Cod, the Nauset tribe, had an abundant supply of oysters. Crassostrea virginica, known as the American oyster (or the eastern, Wellfleet, Atlantic or Virginia oyster), was naturally flush in coastal areas and estuaries, where the rivers meet the sea. Oyster reefs were Americas coral reefs; oysters filtered the water some adult oysters can filter 50 gallons a day and fed a range of other sea life.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, disease, overharvesting and new technologies including developments in dredging, canning and transportation transformed Americas oyster industry. The native oyster population in Wellfleet, Mass., for example, was nearly depleted. To cope, locals began seeding the waters with young oysters imported from the Chesapeake.

In his 1881 report, Ernest Ingersoll wrote that a hundred thousand bushels of the bivalves once grew fat along the Wellfleet waterfront. Now, a little experimental propagation, of the value of a few hundred dollars, and about 6,000 bushels of bedded oysters from Virginia, worth perhaps $5,000 when sold, form the total active business.

Modern-day aquaculture has changed the game. A company called Aquacultural Research Corporation, founded around 1960, produces shellfish seed tiny juvenile oysters, also called spat and sells it to local shellfish farmers. Chris Crobar is one of those farmers. A native of Eastham, Mass., he grew up working on his fathers clam boat. Today, he sets his hours not by the clock, but by the tide. He has been raising oysters for five years on his two-acre farm in the Cape Cod Bay just beyond First Encounter Beach, the location of the first meeting between the Nauset people and the Pilgrims.

Cape Cod is as unique as its oysters. Depending on the location, the high tidal waters flush the oysters with a varying mix of freshwater and saltwater. This helps create nuanced flavors.

Wellfleet, which juts farther out into the bay, is famous throughout the world for its briny oyster. In Barnstable, Chatham and Orleans, the fresh tidal water and sweet marsh algae combine to create a sweet and earthy flavor profile. Eastham oysters are known for being both mildly briny and earthy.

Paul Wittenstein, the general manager of A.R.C., explained how the hatchery produces its seed: In midwinter, the hatchery places adult shellfish in warm water thats rich with algae, which causes the shellfish to spawn. The hatchery then catches the eggs, hatches them and grows them in their tanks until spring, when theyre moved into the A.R.C.s nursery system. From there, they continue to grow before being measured, counted and sold to farmers.

After obtaining his oyster seeds from A.R.C., Chris initially grows them in mesh bags, using the French rack-and-bag system. Later, the oysters are transferred into metal grow-out cages, where they sit on the bottom of the bay from one-and-a-half to two yearsuntil they reach 2.5 to 3 inches, to be marketed as petite or cocktail oysters, or 3 inches or more to be marketed as select oysters. (He also digs for wild razor clams and quahogs.)

Lately there has been a surge in aquaculture farming, especially with oysters. But yields can vary significantly from year to year. This past winter was mild, with little to no ice. Seed did well. Many farmers were expecting a good year. But with water temperatures increasing to over 80 degrees at high tide, both algae blooms and crashes can result, leaving the oysters with nothing to eat.

Oyster farming, in other words, has always been an unpredictable business. And the coronavirus pandemic has hit the industry hard: With fewer people dining out, farmers are sitting on their inventory. Some have feared a collapse of the market.

But Chris is more hopeful. Its important to me to be optimistic about the future, he said. For now we have to keep planting and raising shellfish, hoping that things will eventually get back to normal.

Fishermen adapt, he added, and always find a way to keep moving forward.

Randy Harris is a photographer based in New York. You can follow his work on Instagram.

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On the Shores of Cape Cod, Where the Oyster Is Their World - The New York Times

3-year-old ‘Captain Carson’ learning about life while traveling world with mom – WFAA.com

Teandra Taylor said she believes it's important for her son to learn about other people and cultures. Hes already been to 11 countries and 18 states.

A lot of parents want to give their children the world, but Teandra Taylor of Mansfield, would rather show them.

Life is too short to wait, so I believe in accomplishing what you want to accomplish now, your dreams now, she said.

Taylors dad was in the Army. Growing up, they moved around a lot. She says seeing so many different cultures made her a better person.

Thats why I knew that when I had kids I had to be able to show them different things outside of our zip code, outside of our state, outside of our country even, she explained.

Thats why she has spent the past three years traveling the world with her son, Carson.

From posing in front the Eiffel Tower to mud bathing with elephants in Indonesia, Taylor has taken Carson, her only child, on adventures all over the globe.

During their travels, he often dons a pilots hat and goes by the nickname "Captain Carson." Taylor said traveling has made Carson more personable. Every time he boards a flight, he tries to say hi to everyone on the plane.

Hes just 3 years old, but has already been to 11 countries and 18 states.

Theyve been grounded most of this year due to COVID-19, although they have taken a few short road trips, but Carson always has his bags packed and ready.

He plays TSA in our living room, Taylor said.

Before each trip, Taylor tries to teach Carson about the places theyll visit, but childrens travel literature isnt exactly on the bestsellers list.

So I thought, 'Ive been to enough places, why not just start my own?' to be able to reach kids, Taylor said.

They wrote their first book earlier this year and plan to release more, hoping their adventures will inspire people, especially African American families, to travel.

Its important to note that Taylor isnt wealthy. She works as a project officer for the government and believes giving a child such a life experience is worth the investment.

It doesnt have to always be big, expensive, luxurious trips for you to travel with your children, she said. Traveling is more about the exposure and the experiences youre providing to your kids.

Those experiences have taught Carson to appreciate people from all walks of life.

Taylor explained that leaving our comfort zone can tear down walls that often divide us and open our hearts to a love outside ourselves.

Its showing him to accept people regardless of what theyre going through, regardless of who they are, she said. Even if he doesnt remember, this is shaping him into being an amazing man that hes going to grow into in the future.

He's 3 years old and already filled with love. Clearly, this kid is going places.

Continued here:

3-year-old 'Captain Carson' learning about life while traveling world with mom - WFAA.com

Why is Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport the busiest in the world right now? – Happytrips

The Dallas-Fort Worth airport has suddenly come under the spotlight, as it has now become the busiest airport in the world during the COVID-19 times. The airport has reached this momentous stage in its existence now by operating more flights than anywhere else in the world. The airport located in Texas, United States, is now an airport that has the most number of takeoffs, and landings in the world for the past few months.

It has been on the top spot since the month of May, when it completed 22831 takeoffs and landings, more than any other airport in the world. Of course, it was during a time when most countries were under a lockdown and air travel was seemingly impossible. The Dallas-Fort Worth airport beat other busy airports in the country, including the Chicago OHare and the Charlotte Douglas International Airport in North Carolina.

During the lockdown period, there was a low demand for flights, and hence the number of flights were also reduced. Then passengers had to reroute through airports such as Dallas-Fort Worth, and hence their traffic increased exponentially. Charlotte, on the other hand, is also another busy hub close to Dallas-Fort Worth. Both of these airports have an increased number of passengers, and increased number of flights. These two are factors that determine which airport is the busiest.

Airports in cities such as London, Tokyo, Dubai, and Chicago are usually the busiest airports year-round. But, due to the ongoing pandemic, most airports are seeing reduced passenger traffic. Amidst all of this, the Dallas-Fort Worth has come right on top as the airport that is most in demand.

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Why is Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport the busiest in the world right now? - Happytrips

As the World Shut Down, Travel Agents Went to Work – TravelPulse

Your call is important to us. All our representatives are currently assisting other customers. Your estimated wait time is two to three hours.

That was a message a lot of travelers heard in March as they called into online booking sites attempting to rebook their travel plans or get a refund. When they finally were able to speak to a live person, in many cases, they werent offered much help.

Michelle Fee heard these horror stories too often.

We heard of some people waiting on hold for over seven hours only to be told there was nothing they could do to help them, Fee says. Unfortunately, a lot of these online booking travel agencies were designed for high volume, not a high level of service.

Fee is the CEO and founder of Cruise Planners, a home-based travel agency franchise company. A former travel agent herself, Fee has always believed in the value of having a professional travel advisor help plan your vacations. She says the pandemic has only made their value more apparent.

When travel restrictions went into effect, travel agents sprang into action and worked around the clock to get their clients home safely, apply for refunds or credits for future travel and help them rebook a future trip. They truly served as an advocate for their clients and did everything they could to help protect their travel investment.

Navigating a Quickly Changing Landscape

Where many online travel booking sites fell short, travel advisors stepped up. They were on the phones constantly with travel suppliers, working to navigate complex and quickly changing policies, and ultimately do right by their clients, whether that meant canceling a trip entirely or rescheduling for a later date.

It required long, tedious hours, and Cruise Planners franchise owner Scott Murphy admits its been challenging, but he feels a sense of obligation to take as much worry away from his clients as possible.

As much as I wish I was making sales instead of refunding trips, I had to do the right thing for my clients, Murphy says. I focused on walking them through all their options to postpone versus cancel outright so they could make the best decision for themselves.

Travel is Resilient

Despite the impact the coronavirus has had on the travel industry, travel agents remain optimistic about the future of their business.

The travel industry is incredibly resilient, Cruise Planners franchise owner Karen Holmes says. This isnt the first time weve been hit with a difficult situation, but people love to travel and want to get back out there as soon as possible. Im focused on prepping for the surge in travel I know is coming.

Fee is already starting to see that pent-up demand.

She notes that although cruises remain docked, Cruise Planners is a full-service travel agency and has a steady stream of bookings for all-inclusive resorts, luxury properties and villas and local attractions that have started to welcome guests back. Bookings for 2021 also continue to rise.

We know many travelers are still waiting for a time they feel its safer to travel, Fee acknowledges, but we also know there is huge pent-up demand for travel. We are seeing strong bookings already for 2021 and we expect there to be an even bigger surge once a vaccine is announced.

Cruise Planners franchise owner Anoop Mittra echoes that sentiment.

Humans are wanderers, he says. They want to go and see the world.

Travel Agents Will be Key to the Travel Rebirth

Fee admits it will take some time for the travel industry to fully recover and that travel might look a little different, but she knows travel agents will play a huge role in the industrys resurgence.

Travelers are going to want to know they will be safe, she says. But with guidelines and policies varying by destination and supplier, it can be a lot to process by yourself. Travel agents will be key to helping travelers navigate this new world and provide guidance on safe destinations and activities.

She also thinks many travelers who opted to use online booking sites in the past will not want to relive the poor experiences they endured.

For many people, they only get to take one trip a year, Fee says. You never think something is going to go wrong, but if it does, you want to have someone advocating on your behalf to protect your travel investment.

Why Now is the Right Time to Get Into Travel

Even though the travel industry continues to feel the effects of the coronavirus, Fee believes this is actually one of the best times to get into the travel advisor business.

No new business is going to get up and running overnight, she says. Now is a good time to startyou can even do it part timeso you can establish the foundation of your business, learn about the industry and be in a position to capitalize on the pent-up demand for travel in 2021.

Looking to take your travel advisor business to the next level? See how Cruise Planners gives you the tools and resources you need to be successful. Significant discounts are available to existing travel agents. Learn more at http://www.cruiseplannersfranchise.com.

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As the World Shut Down, Travel Agents Went to Work - TravelPulse

World Online Travel Booking Platform Market 2020-2024: Increasing Consolidation of Online Travel Agencies a Key Driver – Benzinga

Dublin, Aug. 14, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Global Online Travel Booking Platform Market 2020-2024" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global online travel booking platform market is poised to grow by $204.81 billion during 2020-2024, progressing at a CAGR of 5% during the forecast period.

This report provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors. The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current global market scenario, latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment.

The market is driven by the increasing internet and smartphone penetration and differential packaging methods used by vendors. The study identifies the increasing consolidation of online travel agencies as one of the prime reasons driving the online travel booking platform market growth during the next few years.

The global online travel booking platform market is segmented as below:

By Type

By Geography

The robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading online travel booking platform market vendors that include:

Also, the online travel booking platform market analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This is to help companies strategize and leverage on all forthcoming growth opportunities.

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/e8vfbr

Research and Markets also offers Custom Research services providing focused, comprehensive and tailored research.

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World Online Travel Booking Platform Market 2020-2024: Increasing Consolidation of Online Travel Agencies a Key Driver - Benzinga

Tokyo has a drive-in haunted house. And it’s terrifying – CNN

Tokyo (CNN) We can all agree that screaming is a pivotal part of a great haunted house experience.

"With the virus, I knew there would be no way we could have a traditional haunted house, with all that screaming in a small confined space," Kenta Iwana, Kowagarasetai's founder, tells CNN Travel.

"When I read that drive-through theaters were making a comeback, it was my 'aha' moment."

Stuck in a pitch-black, zombie-infested garage

The haunted house drive-in, located in a covered parking garage in a non-descript building in downtown Tokyo, gives visitors a 360-degree, front-row experience that simulates being stuck in a car during a zombie outbreak.

Use your own car for JPY8,000 ($75), or if you're like many Tokyoites and don't own one, they will provide a vehicle for JPY9,000, or $85.

Given you're just sitting in the garage, no driver's license is needed.

Visitors turn off the engine and the garage shutter closes, plunging the vehicle into total darkness.

Drivers receive a set of Bluetooth speakers and the spooky tale begins.

"Around these parts, there's a legend that the ghosts attack humans. Honk your horn three times if you want to hear more," says the voice from the speaker, in Japanese.

For the next 17 minutes, blood-soaked ghouls and zombies press up against the windows and rock the car.

Fear not, somehow you will live through it.

Afterwards, the car is wiped clean of blood.

Kowagarasetai

Extra-blood and cleaning services

With Tokyo battling another wave of Covid-19 infections, the company says it's taking every precaution to protect both its actors and customers. Each car is wiped down with alcohol to minimize risks for the ghost actors. Rental cars are lined in plastic, which is changed for every customer.

Afterward, the car is wiped clean of the fake blood (and potential viruses from the hands of the ghosts). There is fine print on the website that says, "We cannot remove every drop of blood. It will be clean enough to drive on the road."

There's also an extra-bloody package available for an additional JPY1,000 ($9).

Summer is traditionally peak season for ghost stories in Japan, a popular way to chill out on a hot night. Iwana says scary films and games have always been a part of his life.

"My parents rented horror movies and let me watch them play 'Biohazard' ('Resident Evil 7') since I was three," says Iwana.

"Ghosts are like Pokemon to me."

He dropped out of university six years ago to turn his passion into a business, staging haunted houses and creating bespoke thrillers "anywhere anyone asks me" -- including amusements parks, arcades and private homes.

Founded on Halloween Day in 2018, Kowagarasetai roughly translates to "the Scaredy Squad" in Japanese.

With all the self-restraint permeating in society due to Covid-19, he wanted to show that it was OK for people to have some fun.

The drive-in haunted house experience started out as a summer-only attraction in July, with tickets selling out the day they went on sale. Now, there's a waiting list of more than 1,000 people, says Iwana.

Given its immense popularity, he says they're bringing it back when temperatures cool, as August is too hot to run the haunted drive-in.

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Tokyo has a drive-in haunted house. And it's terrifying - CNN

WTTC calls for leadership from Australian Government to save the Travel & Tourism sector – Australasian Leisure Management

WTTC calls for leadership from Australian Government to save the Travel & Tourism sector

The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) has urgently called on the Australian government for strong leadership and unprecedented international collaboration, to save the struggling Travel & Tourism sector and recover the millions of jobs already impacted.

Over 100 of the worlds major travel and global business leaders, from major airlines, airports, hotels, tour operators and travel companies, have backed the unprecedented move.

The industry leaders signed and sent the letter, which called for urgent coordinated action, to Australias Prime Minister Scott Morrison, the seven Heads of State of the G7* group of countries, as well as South Korea and Spain, the worlds major source markets.

The letter called on Australias leadership during these critical times and was also sent to Marise Payne, Simon Birmingham, Anthony Albanese, and other such international opposition leaders, highlighting the non-partisan nature of the crisis.

A copy of the letter was also sent to Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission.

WTTC, which represents the global Travel & Tourism private sector, says political leaders of these major powers must step forward to save the global economy, and support the recovery of the hundreds of millions of jobs already impacted.

If the global leaders fail to come together, WTTC anticipates irreversible damage to the Travel & Tourism sector. Furthermore, as the crippling travel restrictions remain in place, the number of jobs losses around the world will continue to increase.

According to WTTCs 2020 Economic Impact Report, during 2019, Travel & Tourism was responsible for one in 10 jobs (330 million total), making a 10.3% contribution to global GDP and generating one in four of all new jobs. Moreover, it is one of the most diverse sectors, employing people from all socio-economic backgrounds regardless of age, gender or ethnicity, and includes 53% women and 30% youth employed across the sector.

Despite Travel & Tourisms crucial importance to the local and global economies, WTTC is gravely concerned there is no clear or internationally coordinated effort to protect this uniquely exposed sector.

WTTC President and Chief Executive, Gloria Guevara highlights as the Travel & Tourism sector buckles under mounting pressure, and the global economy struggles to survive, we have to ask who is in charge of getting us out of this crisis and will lead the world to save the jobs and secure the futures of the many millions of people globally?

We have reached a stage where critical action is urgently needed. While we recognise each country must protect their own citizens and the priority to date has been domestic matters, any measures taken in silos moving forward will only worsen the plight of millions of ordinary people.

We need to transcend politics and put the millions of livelihoods, which have been affected by COVID-19, front and centre. From cabin crew to hotel staff, travel agents to call centre agents, waiters to housekeepers, receptionists to drivers, hotel managers to chefs, and the many more unsung heroes who depend on a thriving Travel & Tourism sector.

Guevara adds the voices of ordinary people must be heard, and we are calling on them to let world leaders know, in no uncertain terms, that the time for action is now.

This is not a binary solution or a choice between health on the one hand, and jobs, the economy and travel on the other. We can make strong progress on all these fronts if we follow the expert advice from science and learn from the past and positive experiences of others.

WTTC and the other signatories of the letter, sent to the leaders of the world, are committed to working together to help resolve the worst crisis of our generation, and bring back the millions of jobs impacted. However, the private sector cannot do this alone.

History teaches us the road the recovery can be either long and painful, or shorter and less devastating. During the 2008 financial crisis, strong global leadership, and public-private collaboration, enabled us to recover in shorter timeframe. We cannot see the same collaboration amongst todays leaders. We must restore the confidence to travel and put our people back to work to rebuild the global economy.

It is vital that the leaders of these countries come together and prioritise rescuing the world from this unprecedented crisis, by acting in an effective and coordinated way to bring back more than 120 million jobs and livelihoods affected.

Among those backing the WTTC call were the business leaders of major airlines, such as Virgin Atlantic, WestJet, British Airways, Emirates and Etihad.

Business leaders from top international hotel groups, such as Accor, Best Western, Hilton, Hyatt, InterContinental, Mandarin Oriental, Marriott, Melia Hotels and Radisson have also supported the initiative.

Endorsement has also come from major tour operators and travel companies, such as American Express, Carlson Wagonlit, Expedia, Travelport, TUI and Uber.

In this letter, WTTC has identified four measures which need concerted international framework and leadership to combat the coronavirus:

1.Wearing a mask: This should be mandatory on all modes of transport throughout the entire traveller journey, as well as when visiting any interior venue and in locations where there is restricted movement which results in close personal contact and required physical distancing cannot be maintained. According to medical evidence, such measures can reduce the risk of the spread by up to 92%.

2.Testing and contact tracing We need governments to invest and agree on extensive, rapid, and reliable testing, ideally with results available in as quick as 90 minutes, and at a low cost, before departure and/ or after arrival (symptomatic and asymptomatic would-be travellers), supported by effective and agreed contact tracing tools. The application of one or multiple tests, with the second after five days, will help to isolate infected people.

3.Quarantine for positive tests only: Quarantine for healthy travellers, which only serves to damage the economy, should not be necessary if testing is in place before departure and/or on arrival, and effective containment measures are taken five days later. This can replace blanket quarantine in a more targeted and effective way significantly reducing the negative impact on jobs and the economy.

4. Reinforcing global protocols and standardise measures: The adoption of global health and safety protocols will help rebuild traveller confidence and ensure a consistent, coordinated and aligned approach of the travel experience in addition to significantly reducing the risk of infection. We also support the Public Health Corridor Concept which promotes a clean and safe end-to-end journey.

WTTC research has shown that even a modest resumption of travelling can have massive economic benefits and bring thousands of desperately needed jobs back; providing a critical boost for the struggling Travel & Tourism sector and generating desperately needed GDP for economies left floundering after being struck by the pandemic.

For more information, visitwww.wttc.org

25th July 2020 - Dubai and Indonesia are latest recipients of WTTC Safe Travels stamp

9th June 2020 - Global tourist destinations sign up to the WTTC global safety and hygiene stamp

28th May 2020 - WTTC launches worlds first global safety stamp

13th May 2020 - Trip.com Group to oversee WTTC initiative to help revive tourism sector

1st May 2020 - WTTC outlines the new normal when travelling resumes

23rd April 2020 - WTTC calls on G20 leaders to coordinate recovery for the tourism industry

17th April 2020 - WTTC commends global tourism industry for helping during COVID-19

20th September 2019 - WTTC and Deloitte unveil initiative to ensure tourism success during the digital revolution

10th April 2019 - WTTC launches tourism best practices toolkit to inform governments

9th April 2019 - Cambodian sustainable tourism initiative congratulates WTTC award winners

8th April 2019 - WTTC recognises sustainable tourism excellence with 2019 Awards

17th January 2019 - CambodianCamp chosen as a finalist in WTTC Tourism Awards

12th December 2018 - WTTC highlights role of tourism in attaining a carbon neutral world by 2050

4th September 2018 - Entries open for 15th edition of WTTC Tourism for Tomorrow Awards

14th August 2018 - WTTC research shows tourism generated 18% of New Zealands GDP in 2017

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WTTC calls for leadership from Australian Government to save the Travel & Tourism sector - Australasian Leisure Management