NBA team health officials find balance tough with new COVID-19 protocols – ESPN

Across the NBA, team officials tasked with enforcing and managing the league's day-to-day health and safety protocols say they're exhausted and struggling to balance those roles along with their typical team duties, many of which are focused on player health.

Further, several of these officials say they have found themselves so busy with protocols that their ability to work with individual players on a hands-on basis -- in areas that include treatment, recovery, training -- has been sacrificed, leading to concerns about reduced care for players.

"I've actually told my peers on these trips that we've been on -- it's very, very difficult for me to get my hands on [players]," said one Western Conference head athletic trainer, who, like others, spoke on the condition of anonymity because they aren't authorized to speak publicly. One Eastern Conference head athletic trainer independently echoed this point and said it's shared league-wide among peers.

One league health official who is close to the matter added, "What scares me -- and I know it's happening -- is that their normal job of doing health care on players [is impaired]. I've had some trainers tell me, 'I haven't touched a player in two weeks because I've been so busy doing all this logistics and testing and all that.' That's concerning. That's definitely what I don't want to happen."

A second Western Conference head athletic trainer agreed with the above sentiment.

"There will be some decline in player health care," that head athletic trainer said. "But I think the larger part will be the overload of the care providers."

As the NBA tries to hold a season outside a bubble during the coronavirus pandemic, team health officials and others filling protocol roles are essentially the NBA's front-line workers. Roles that have been largely delegated to team health officials, as outlined in the NBA's 158-page protocols, include testing officer, contact tracing officer, facemask enforcement officer, facility hygiene officer, health education and awareness officer and travel safety officer, among others. Some team health officials hold more than one of those roles, along with their original roles.

"We're responsible for the logistics of all of the staff, PCR testing, and all of the player rapid testing, and the compliance with the timelines that go into that every day, whether it's an off day, whether it's a game day," said the second Western Conference head athletic trainer. "So the workload has increased dramatically. [And] there's not been a decrease in any of the other workload."

Said one Eastern Conference basketball operations official who is working to handle their team's contract tracing program, "It's just frustrating because with all these things they are making us do it's been hard to find time to do our actual jobs. People are going to be exhausted and sick after this year with everything we are forced to do."

For all their duties, no team official who spoke with ESPN blamed the NBA or its protocols. Rather, there was an understanding that this is an extraordinary situation with understandably high demands. There is hope that staffers can find a rhythm as the season goes on, but several team health officials also noted that the situation continually evolves, with more memos and conference calls from the league in which new protocols are introduced or changes are made. There are also continually evolving city and state restrictions that affect team markets differently.

"Emails are coming fast and furious at all times," said the Eastern Conference head athletic trainer. "And they're not a one-page memo; these are 15 pages, sometimes. They come through daily almost. And so, yeah, we have an obligation to stay current on stuff and it's time-consuming."

A Western Conference GM added, "There's just not enough hours in the day to read the memos, the nuances, compliance, testing, the things that quickly change." The Western Conference GM continued, "You have constant scenarios happening where the memos don't cover that particular situation...That's no one's fault. It's just where we're at."

If their own physical and mental health is failing under the weight of added duties, as several team officials independently say is already happening, then what about the health of players? Several of these officials voiced concerns about not only a decline in players' health care but in the fragility of a non-bubble season, given the constant potential for outbreaks if there's slippage in protocols, vigilance, diligence or compliance.

"Normally, if you can get a 90% compliance rate in a lot of things, that's really good," said the second Western Conference head athletic trainer. "In some ways, a 90% compliance rate here might as well be zero."

Some team health officials reported weeks ago, as training camp was gearing up in early December, that they were already far busier than they had ever been in their careers, with the Western Conference head athletic trainer saying that the workload was at least double if not three times what it was before. For some, looking ahead to the coming months is daunting.

"Every waking hour seems to be committed to [the protocols]," said the Eastern Conference head athletic training official. "But you look down the pike here, and... you wonder, 'God, I barely got through today, how am I going to do this another 100-something times?'"

Said one Eastern Conference general manager, "There's a lot of people that are exhausted. I think their mental weight is as heavy as the physical weight. It wears on you, especially when you're traveling, especially on the road. There's so many moving parts."

Sleep loss is another factor in a league that has struggled with that very issue for years.

"It's extremely difficult," said the first Western Conference head athletic trainer. "The days become longer when you thought they were as long as they could be. If you get a phone call at 2 or 3 in the morning about a possible positive [test] that ends up being a false positive, you're trying to deal with that up until the team is starting to come in the facility at 8 or 9 just to make sure you're complying with everything and then go through your shootaround and then you have a game [and if you] get to bed at midnight, you're lucky to get three or four hours."

The Western Conference GM said his team's health and athletic training staff is robust but still struggling.

"The reality is, these people are really working hard to keep us all safe," said the Western Conference GM. "And like the front-line health care workers, we probably haven't put enough time and thought into their physical and emotional state."

That GM added, "I can't say thank you enough to my guys because you can feel it on them. It's really emotionally exhausting the health performance staff."

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NBA team health officials find balance tough with new COVID-19 protocols - ESPN

What we know about the new variants of COVID-19 – 9News.com KUSA

9Health Expert Dr. Payal Kohli said she's surprised by the pace in which the virus has been mutating and spreading all over the world.

New variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 are popping up in different parts of the world and they're spreading rapidly.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is tracking the new versions of the virus originating in the United Kingdom, South Africa and Nigeria.

9NEWS asked 9Health Expert Dr. Payal Kohli to help break down what we know about the new strains.

Strain Discovered in the U.K.

The COVID-19 variant known as B.1.1.7. emerged in the UK in September. The CDC said the variant spreads more quickly and easily than other versions of the virus.

On Monday, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced a new national lockdown lasting at least until mid-February in an effort to contain the new strain.

It has changed the behavior of the virus in the sense that its made it 70% more contagious," explained Dr. Kohli. "But, it does not appear to render the vaccines ineffective based on the studies that weve seen so far.

The highly contagious variant of COVID-19 is prevalent in London and southeast England.

Colorado detected the first case of the variant in the U.S. State leaders announced Dec. 29 a man in Elbert County was infected with the variant of the virus. He was a member of the National Guard working at a nursing home in Simla.

WATCH: Can you be infected with the COVID variant after already having COVID?

Variant Discovered in South Africa

The CDC said a separate variant of COVID-19 was detected in South Africa in early October.

The strain "shares some mutations with the variant detected in the UK," according to information on the CDC website.

The variant also appears to spread faster and more easily than other versions of the virus.

The CDC said there's no evidence the strains found in the UK or South Africa are more deadly or cause people to get sicker than the original coronavirus.

The fact that they spread more quickly means that more people are going to get infected which means that more people are going to get sick and more people are going to die," Dr. Kohli said.

Variant Discovered in Nigeria

Another version of COVID-19 recently popped up in Nigeria. The CDC is monitoring the strain and "there is no evidence to indicate this variant is causing more severe illness or increased spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria," according to the CDC website.

The CDC is also studying whether any of the strains will impact the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Dr. Kohli said it's only a matter of time before the various strains of COVID-19 make their way to Colorado.

"its going to get on a plane and its going to fly here," she said.

WATCH: How did the new COVID variant affect Colorado's case count?

SUGGESTED VIDEOS:COVID-19 Coronavirus

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What we know about the new variants of COVID-19 - 9News.com KUSA

Family loses two grandfathers to COVID-19 minutes apart on eve of Thanksgiving – KGW.com

For it to be within minutes of each other was shocking and surreal, said Vanessa Lee, who lost both her grandfathers.

PORTLAND, Ore. It could be months before the general population gets access to the COVID-19 vaccine. In the meantime, one family is hoping we all continue to keep each other safe.

They lost both of their grandfathers, Jim Ledbetter and Don Lee, to COVID-19-related complications in the same day, roughly 15 minutes apart. And it was on the night before Thanksgiving.

Jim Ledbetters family described him as a man of peace. His daughter, Karen Lee, said he grew up during the Great Depression, moved from Tennessee to California, was the first one in his family to go to college, and became an American Baptist minister.

He graduated from Linfield College in 51 and met my mom there, said Karen.

She said he was active, loved to play handball, and ran in the Portland Marathon as well as the Boston Marathon.

She said her father-in-law, Don Lee, was a survivor.

He survived the communist takeover of China in the '50s and they escaped, Karen said.

She said Don and his son, her husband, moved to the United States in 1969. Her husband was 16 years old at the time.

Karen said once in the U.S., Don worked at The Pagoda Restaurant in Portlands Hollywood District for a time, then went to the Hilton as a bartender, and retired from the Arlington Club in Southwest Portland, where he was well liked.

Both Don and Jim lived full lives. They both loved watching sports, eating good food, the outdoors, and most of all they loved their family.

They went the whole year, clear until the end of October with no virus at all, said Karen.

But in November things changed. Karen said her father, Jim, came down with COVID-19 at the beginning of November, along with her mother.

Karen said she knew when they were first diagnosed with COVID-19 that she would likely lose at least one of her parents.

Im a nurse. My heart just sank, Karen said.

She said both her parents had come out of quarantine, but still had not completely recovered due to fallout from the virus.

He stopped eating and he didnt have any taste or smell, Karen said of her father.

She said the COVID-19 cases popped up quickly at her fathers care facility.

It went from no cases, to 16 cases, and eventually, like 37," she said. "And that was over half of the place and the employees."

As for Don, family members said he had shown symptoms a week prior to his death. But he got a test showing he was not infected with COVID-19.

On the Monday before Thanksgiving, Jim was admitted to hospice. Then, two days later, he tested positive for COVID-19 and was sent to the hospital.

That night Karen left her father's facility to grab a quick meal when she got the call about Don.

My husband called and said that his dad had just passed away, said Karen.

She broke the news to her kids about their grandpa Don. Then, the unthinkable happened. She found out within minutes her own father died.

Within 15 minutes I had gotten a call from my mom that my other grandfather had passed away, said Karens daughter, Vanessa Lee. For it to be within minutes of each other was shocking and surreal.

Meanwhile on the East Coast in Boston, Karens son Cameron had just finished telling his family about grandpa Don: My wife was talking to the kids and I was like The other grandpa just died too.'

Karen said three days before her dad Jim passed away, family members saw him on a Zoom video call.

Everybody started crying because he had lost so much weight and we were like, Oh man, Dad, your not gonna make it. So, that was really hard, said Karen.

Days later, he was gone. Jims surviving wife, Karen's mom, is 90 years old and suffers from dementia. Karen made sure her mom got a chance to say goodbye, even if she didnt know it.

I had her give him a hug and kiss on the cheek," Karen said, "and she had no idea that he had already passed.

Were it not for COVID-19, its possible both Don and Jim would still be around.

What makes it hard is, it sort of accelerated the rate of which so many people have lost fragile loved ones, said Cameron about COVID-19.

Cameron said he and his family canceled a holiday trip back to Portland after his grandfathers deaths.

I didnt want to be the start of a chain reaction that would impact someone elses family, he said.

At this point, family members are coping as best they can.

Both my dad and Don both loved dim sum, and Chinese food, and buffets," Karen said. "That was our big thing, that when they died, they mustve had to get to the big buffet in the sky somewhere and they didnt want each one to beat them there."

Now, after losing the two men roughly 15 minutes apart, just as the holidays were getting underway, Karen said she hopes other families will be spared similar heartache.

It doesnt hurt you to wear a mask," she said. "It does not hurt.

You kind of have to chip in and try to protect them by breaking the chains of transmission, said Cameron.

Its not political," Vanessa said. "These are peoples lives."

Karen said no one really knows how Jim and Don contracted COVID-19, though the timing was right after Halloween.

She said she wants people to know that those who are elderly, vulnerable, or veterans have put their lives on hold many times for our collective benefit, whether its to raise families or fight a war, and we owe it to them to keep them safe by slowing the spread of COVID-19.

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Family loses two grandfathers to COVID-19 minutes apart on eve of Thanksgiving - KGW.com

Totally Not Fake News: The Last Week of the Regular Season – Battle Red Blog

HOUSTON, TX The end is near. Facing down perhaps the greatest threat to the completing a regular season since the worst of the labor disputes of the 1980s, the NFL somehow made it to Week 17 and the end of the 2020 regular season. All teams will get the chance to play all 16 games, even if there was some flex. The Houston Texans are no exception.

Been quite the season, stated _efensive coordinator Anthony Weaver. All the protocols and the all the upheavals. At times, we werent sure that we would get there, especially when we had to have some players miss time due to the health protocols. Clearly, it was all the COVID issues that gave us problems. I know that Vernon Hargreaves [III] indicated that he was so paranoid about catching the virus that he would give opposing wide receivers plenty of space when on the field. Really took the CDC-recommended six feet for social distancing to heart. That even overcame the AK-47 motivation I was trying to give him. He would just whimper, Ill take hot lead over the Rona any day.

Offensive coordinator Tim Kelly agreed. Yeah, those safety protocols really messed with this team at times. All the fears of close contact on the fieldeven with all the testing, you could tell it was in the heads of a lot of players. Could have been a factor in the running game. A lot more contact in the running game, and thus, the greater opportunity for the spread of the virus. Okay, not aware of any on-field transmission of the cases, but for our running game, well, I think some of our players didnt want to take the chance. I know that it really got into Nick Martins head a couple of times, especially on our CHUM...[there was an involuntary gagging motion by Kelly at the mention of that term]er, our inside runs. I think Nick was really worried about [Deforest] Buckner from Indy in that one game. I think that [Charlie] Heck also was worried about the Bengals edge rushers flag football moves and getting the Rona. It is scary.

Others, however, seemed to take everything else in stride about COVID-19 and the impact on the season. Oh, I am just-ish FINE!!! proclaimed Cal McNair. Not sure where Ill be when I get the Capn Morgan infectioner, I mean, injection. Already been loading up on other disinfectantskeeping the system cleaned. All the vodka, Southern Comfortyeah, I am doing.I am doingI am doin[collapses in yet another classic drunken stupor].

Yet even dealing with the biggest pandemic to disrupt US life since 1918-9, the NFL still had a season to play. The Texans can say that they managed to play all of their games. Yeah, we got our money, shrugged Zach Cunningham. Dont know what else to tell you. We wanted to ask some more follow-up questions, but it appeared that Cunningham was really busy cleaning up his locker and packing things to get ready to go.

Well, yeah, of course we are all trying to get our stuff situated now, stated Jacob Martin. Last game of the season, and we are ready to go. Besides, have you seen the traffic around 610/Galleria/I-10? Trust me, you dont want to get caught in that traffic there. Bad enough just getting out of NRG, even in the pandemic times. When asked why now and not wait until Monday after the game to clean out the lockers, Martin just snorted. Whats to review? The season will be over. We get our last paycheck, which they can just direct deposit. No need to hang around for another Easterby service. Hell, I know that Eric Murray is just going to leave the car running so he can jump in and go right at the last whistle. Youd think he got away with robbery or something.

Such concerns did not seem to be on the minds of the Texans final opponent, the former Houston-based squad now known as the Tennessee Titans. Great name by dear old dad, boasted Amy Adams Strunk, daughter of the previous owner, whose name we will not publish to protect the health of our servers. Those powerful supreme beings from Greek mythology. Big, strong and with voracious appetites. Absolutely never lost in combat to any other force or power, including their own offspring. In fact, I was thinking about a logo change, one that keeps the Titan motif, but I think a re-brandingcalling them the Big Extra-Strong FightersI think BE-SFs is kinda catchy. Agreed?

While Tennessees owner considered the marketing merits of a BE-SF logo, her team was preparing for this match-up, one that they see as important for their goals. The players were very much focused on the results of this game. Their head coach was as well, but he took a more philosophical approach to the matter. It is not the destination, but it is the journey that makes masters and men of us all, pronounced head coach Mike Vrabel.

Hes been saying those type of things really all season, noted Derrick Henry. If I didnt know any better, it was like he was quoting fortune cookies or something. Still, you have to admit, whatever he has been doing really seems to be working. I mean, for me, itsrather easy. I just run the ball and try to kill people, but Coach [Vrabel], it is like hes trying to play four-dimensional chess or something.

Actually, corrected Vrabel, I prefer the classic strategic game of Go. Much more a game of thought and action.

Quarterback Ryan Tannehill chimed in. Ever since last season, he has been on this real kick. I guess it is some sort of East Asian thing. Talks about Go and Eastern philosophy. For some reason, he has been big into reading about some dude, Zheng He. I guess he was this Chinese Admiral/explorerbig powerful dude. Actually could have come to America some 70 years before Columbus. I could almost swear Vrabel is mastering classic Mandarin.

While Totally Not Fake News cannot confirm the linguistic skills of Vrabel, he has certainly engaged in a number of moves and actions that might appear strange at first but turn out to work for the betterment of his team. Taking liberties with the timing rules associated with penalties, whether it was running more time off the clock by committing them or getting the clock to stop because of them; such moves could be worthy of the greatest Eastern tacticians. He has even found a way to outfox his former boss, Bill Belichick.

He just doesnt look to the ancient Far East. Ive seen him in his office with books by some classic Middle Eastern guys. Once, I swear I heard him listen to some strange yet beautiful high-octave singing. When I asked him what album that was, he just told me it was a classic Italian musician. I asked, Whos the girl singing? What was strange was that Coach came back saying, No, he is a good singer. Tannehill observed.

When pressed about when he first saw all of this behavior, Tannehill paused, but then noted, Well, Cohas been acting differently ever since that one pronouncement about what sacrifice he would make to win a Super Bowl. Seemed like just a statement of bravado, but now, Im not so sure. What is really odd is that whenever I see [Vrabels wife] around the field, she has this bemused look on her face. That, and she always seems to be carrying this special jar with some Chinese-type markings. Whenever Coach sees it, he goes into this sort of trance. Its like a football version of Paul Bearer. I dont know what is in the jar. Truth be told, I am not sure I want to know.

We at Totally Not Fake News would usually take that as an invitation to investigate further, but somehow, and in consultation with some history consultants, we decided we would really not want to confirm any suspicions. Would just be all too painful in a personal way that only male reporters can fathomin the darkest of their nightmares.

So, with that, we will run as fast as we can to get back in time to watch the game and put on the strongest cup we can find to shield key elements of our anatomy.

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Totally Not Fake News: The Last Week of the Regular Season - Battle Red Blog

‘There’s no running away from the numbers:’ Fauci laments surging COVID deaths as Trump claims ‘fake news’ – ABC News

Dr. Anthony Fauci said Sunday that he did not anticipate the COVID-19 pandemic death toll in the United States would reach current levels, lamenting that indoor activity and holiday travel has facilitated virus transmission and calling for Americans to take the necessary public safety precautions to slow the ongoing surge.

"To have 300,000 cases in a given day, and between two and 3,000 deaths a day is just terrible," the nation's top infectious disease expert told ABC's "This Week" Co-anchor Martha Raddatz Sunday. "There's no running away from the numbers, Martha. It's something that we absolutely got to grasp and get our arms around and turn that inflection down by very intensive adherence to the public health measures, uniformly, throughout the country, with no exception."

Fauci's comments came minutes after President Donald Trump misleadingly claimed in a tweet that the numbers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of infected persons and deaths in the country are "exaggerated," despite coronavirus cases continuing to increase nationwide. Even as recent data fluctuates due to inconsistent reporting over the holidays, the U.S. this weekend topped 20 million COVID-19 cases and 350,000 deaths since the onset of the pandemic 10 months ago.

"The deaths are real deaths," Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said, when asked by Raddatz for his response to the president's tweet. "All you need to do is go out into the trenches. Go to the hospitals and see what the health care workers are dealing with. They are under very stressful situations in many areas of the country. The hospital beds are stretched, people are running out of beds, running out of trained personnel who are exhausted."

"That's real," he continued. "That's not fake. That's real."

On "This Week," Fauci also responded to growing concerns over the speed of vaccinations in the U.S.

"Many states (are) using just a small percentage of the vaccines they have received," Raddatz said. "What's the biggest cause of this delay?"

"I think it's just trying to get a massive vaccine program started and getting off on-the-right-foot," Fauci responded, acknowledging that there have been "a couple of glitches," which he called "understandable," given the scale of the effort. But the doctor contended that recent numbers offered a "glimmer of hope."

"In the last 72 hours, they've gotten 1.5 million doses into people's arms, which is an average of about 500,000 a day, which is much better than the beginning when it was much, much less than that," Fauci said. "So we are not where we want to be, there is no doubt about that, but I think we can get there if we really accelerate, get some momentum going and see what happens as we get into the first couple of weeks of January."

As of Sunday morning, over 14 million vaccine doses have been distributed across the U.S., but only 4.2 million people have received shots, according to the CDC, prompting criticism of the government's rollout plan from both Democrats and Republicans.

"As I long feared and warned, the effort to distribute and administer the vaccine is not progressing as it should," President-elect Joe Biden said Tuesday, claiming that at the current pace, "it's going to take years -- not months -- to vaccinate the American people."

"Unlike the development of the vaccines, the vaccination process itself is falling behind," Sen. Mitt Romney, R-Utah, said in a statement Friday. "That comprehensive vaccination plans have not been developed at the federal level and sent to the states as models is as incomprehensible as it is inexcusable."

Trump noted the gap between the delivery and immunization numbers in a separate tweet Sunday morning, appearing to characterize the disparity as the effect of a successful distribution plan.

"The vaccines are being delivered to the states by the Federal Government far faster than they can be administered!" Trump wrote.

Even if the U.S. vaccination program accelerates, health experts are concerned that continued skepticism about the inoculation could prolong the pandemic. Last week, Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine reported that 60% of eligible nursing home workers were declining the vaccine; Fauci has said that upwards of 70% of the population will likely need to be immunized to achieve herd immunity.

On "This Week," Raddatz referenced that distrust of the vaccine as she pressed Fauci about his prediction that the pandemic's waning days and a sense of "normality" could arrive by the fall.

"It is totally going to depend on the uptake of vaccines," he said. "If from April, May, June, July and August, we do the kind of (increased) vaccine implementation that I'm talking about -- at least (1) million people a day and maybe more -- by the time we end the summer and get to the fall, we will have achieved that level of herd immunity that I think will get us back to some form of normality."

While looking ahead, Fauci recalled the success of a vaccination effort over 70 years ago in his home city of New York that provides a blueprint for what he believes is possible in 2021 across the U.S. In 1947, 5 million New Yorkers were immunized for smallpox in two weeks, he said.

"The goal of vaccinating 100 million people in the first 100 days is a realistic goal," Fauci noted earlier in Sunday's interview. "We can do 1 million people per day. You know weve done massive vaccination programs, Martha, in our history. Theres no reason why we cant do it right now."

This report was featured in the Monday, Jan 4, 2020, episode of Start Here, ABC News daily news podcast.

"Start Here" offers a straightforward look at the day's top stories in 20 minutes. Listen for free every weekday on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, the ABC News app or wherever you get your podcasts.

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'There's no running away from the numbers:' Fauci laments surging COVID deaths as Trump claims 'fake news' - ABC News

Letter to the Editor: Fake news or censorship? – Fairfield Daily Republic

I dont know which is worse, fake news or withholding the news, aka censorship.

How can there be right-wing news in contradiction with left-wing news? It was President Barack Obama that called for a news curator: The Ministry of Truth. Whos truth? As Joe Biden spouted, We believe in truth over fact.

The left media pushed the Russian hoax and people actually believed Trump was a Russian asset or agent. The Mueller investigation was based on a fake dossier. Robert Mueller never investigated that.

When that failed, the Democrats voted unanimously to impeach the president over a phone call. They pushed a Ukraine bribe smear. The witnesses believed he intended to bribe Ukraine, but he didnt.

Then we find out 12 months after the impeachment hearings that the FBI had Hunter Bidens laptop and that he was under investigation. The information on that laptop included damning information that Joe Biden knew all about the business transactions and verified by a business partner whistleblower. The left-wing media passed this off as Russian disinformation and people believed it.

Then two major pharmaceutical companies waited for three days after the election to announce a vaccine for the novel coronavirus that causes Covid-19.

Am I really expected to believe that the Democratic Party, Department of Justice and the media that resisted Trump 24/7, 365 days for four years wouldnt stoop to voter fraud to unseat him? Did you know Democrat attorneys unconstitutionally changed election laws in battleground states prior to Election Day?

Joe Biden received 15 million more votes than President Obama? Biden won a little over 500 counties while President Obama won almost 900 counties. Now the evidence, ballots, are being shredded and computer files deleted, same MO over and over, delete. We either have a constitutional republic or we dont, right Nancy (Pelosi), if you can keep it.

Far-left representatives are calling for retaliation on Donald Trump supporters. Its real and theyre pushing for a Truth and Reconciliation Act. Suddenly America awakes under fascism.

Hank Schwarzbach

Fairfield

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Letter to the Editor: Fake news or censorship? - Fairfield Daily Republic

Fake news: how social media changed the transfer window – The Athletic

Back in 2015, a grainy video went viral showing an outrageous display of showboating in the Egyptian Super Cup between Al Ahly and Zamalek.

It showed Al Ahlys Ramadan Sobhi receiving a pass in midfield, trapping the ball and standing on it for a moment before resuming play. Zamalek players deemed this disrespectful and a scuffle broke out.

Thousands of miles away in the English Midlands the clip appeared in the social media feed of Kevin Cruickshank, who was then a scout for Stoke City.

It made me curious to do some digging, he tells The Athletic. He must have something about him, to have the balls to do that in a derby. After more scouting, Sobhi signed for Stoke a year later.

With footballs window swinging open once again, social media will play a bigger role than ever in the transfer market, with scouts, agents, players, managers and fans all refreshing their feeds to see the latest...

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Fake news: how social media changed the transfer window - The Athletic

Debunked in 2020: Conspiracies and fake news surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic – The France 24 Observers

Issued on: 31/12/2020 - 16:26Modified: 31/12/2020 - 16:35

With Covid-19 dominating the news in 2020, numerous examples of fake and misleading imageshave emerged online. The FRANCE 24 Observers team has sorted through countless claims to separate the fact from the fiction. From rumours about the origin of the virus to the effects of wearing face masks, here are some of the most notable claims we debunked this year.

When Covid-19 began to garner worldwide attention, internet users started to suggest that eating bats was a possible source of the virus. Videos and photos of Asian people eating bat soup began to circulate widely on social networks, but the truth is that most of these videos were thousands of kilometres from China. Moreover, there is no evidence to suggest that these videos were linked to the outbreak of the virus.

Our team found that some of these videos, purporting to come from Wuhan, were actually filmed in Palau in Micronesia. In fact, bat soup is a traditional dish in the Pacific, but not at all common in Wuhan.

Read more on the Observers >> Is bat soup a delicacy in China? We debunk a rumour on the origin of the coronavirus

In April, we took a look at an emerging conspiracy theory alleging that 5G mobile networks had caused the Covid-19 pandemic. In the UK, the claim led to harassment of telecoms engineers and vandalisation of mobile phone infrastructure.

Versions of this theory posit that 5G electromagnetic waves poison cells in the body, thus creating the virus, while others say the waves weaken the immune system, making people more susceptible to infection. Others say that viruses can be transmitted through radio waves or mobile networks, explaining the rapid worldwide spread of Covid-19. However, medical professionals, scientists, virologists and biologists have all dismissed these claims.

Read more on the Observers >> The dangerous conspiracy theory linking 5G to Covid-19

From the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, home remedies to prevent the virus were shared on social networks in Africa. Social media users shared concoctions of garlic, ginger and lemon that supposedly would cure the virus. We spoke to a specialist in infectious disease who told us that there is no evidence this mixture would cure Covid-19, although garlic, ginger and lemon are beneficial for the immune system.

Others shared remedies such as steam inhalation, where a person breathes in the steam from a hot liquid such as tea to fight the virus. Our expert told us that this remedy could actually be more dangerous.

Coronavirus infects a person through their airways. It damages the lungs and can cause serious pneumonia. You should avoid anything that could negatively affect respiration. This kind of inhalation can cause a person to cough or sneeze, which, in turn, can spread the sickness.

Read more on the Observers >> An infectious disease expert debunks COVID-19 remedies circulating on African social media

In April, videos and posts tagged #FilmYourHospital shared images of empty hospital rooms and corridors, alleging that the Covid-19 pandemic was exaggerated or invented. However, these videos failed to show the overrun intensive care units in many hospitals, nor the people who were dying from the virus.

Read more on the Observers >> How the #FilmYourHospital movement is spreading lies about Covid-19

Although wearing face masks has now become ubiquitous in many parts of the world, the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic saw fierce debates over the practice, both on- and offline. Some opponents of face coverings argued that masks could actually be fatal, by trapping carbon dioxide that we breathe out and causing suffocation.

However, we spoke to experts who told us that although the levels of CO2 might increase when wearing a mask, they wouldnt reach levels harmful for the body. Plus, several doctors demonstrated online that mask-wearing does not impact blood oxygen levels.

Read more on the Observers >> Online videos falsely claim that face masks can cause CO2 poisoning

In Brazil, the South American country most impacted by the coronavirus pandemic, internet users alleged that the virus was being exaggerated by officials by sharing images of empty coffins. However, Brazilian verification and fact-checking outlets found that these images of so-called empty coffins were all misleading or taken out of context.

From the beginning of the pandemic, around 30 fake quotes from international public figures were spread on Congolese Facebook pages. It turns out, these quotes and posts were all faked by a few individuals hoping to generate a buzz on social networks.

The false quotes targeted high-ranking officials such as WHO director general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, French president Emmanuel Macron and Madagascar president Andry Rajoelina. Our team was able to contact one of the administrators of these Facebook pages. A 20-year-old student, he told us that he and some of his friends make up stories to get followers.

Read more on the Observers >> Who is behind the fake news campaign around Covid-19 in DR Congo?

With the approval and distribution of the Covid-19 vaccine in several countries, fake news surrounding the vaccines potential side-effects have made the rounds on social media. Politicians in many countries such as US President-elect Joe Biden and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu received the vaccine in front of cameras or on live television, in order to increase public trust in the vaccine. However, some rumours online claim that these vaccinations were fake.

Several users online have shared videos of politicians seemingly receiving the vaccine with the cap still on the syringe, or claiming that prop needles (such as those used in movies and television) were actually used.

Read more on the Observers >> Did celebrities and politicians just pretend to get the Covid-19 vaccination?

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Debunked in 2020: Conspiracies and fake news surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic - The France 24 Observers

The only day when fake news is acceptable in Spain – TheMayor.EU

Fake news is one of the scourges of modern societies and much has been written and said about their harmful role in changing the perception of the public in order to reflect a particular mindset. Whether we call it misinformation, propaganda, conspiracy theories, fake news is obviously nothing new and it has existed under one form or another ever since the dawn of human civilization.

Yet, occasionally it can give us a break to remember that there can be a lighter side to misinformation, specifically when it is intended to serve as a joke or satire. A reminder of this side of fake news is El Da de los Santos Inocentes (The Day of the Holy Innocents) celebrated in Spain every year on 28 December. It is basically the Spanish version of April Fools Day and there is a tradition in the media sphere to also publish a small satirical article which masquerades as real news but is not.

There is however a dark and not humorous origin to who the Holy Innocents are. These are supposed to be all the male children under the age of 2 who were killed upon the orders of the Judean king Herod when he heard the prophecy that the real king of Judea had been born.

Somehow in modern Spain it came to be a day when it is acceptable to make light mockery of someone or pull off a prank with the excuse that the one doing the joke is innocent, or that he did not know any better that he is sinning.

This year for example, a small football club in Barcelona, called Martinenc, announced on its website that the subway station located near its premises will be renamed from Guinard | Hospital de Sant Pau to Martinenc | Hospital de Sant Pau in the clubs honour.

Likewise a non-profit organization, also in Barcelona, called Promotion of Public Transport (PTP) posted an article on their site and social media claiming to have initiated a proposal for the introduction of an air tram that will solve the long-standing issues with public transit along the Upper Diagonal area of the city. In that way, they brought attention back to one of the issues they work to resolve.

It is common and good practice to finish off these types of articles by wishing everyone smiles during that day, reminding the reader that it is 28 December and that the news item should be taken with a grain of salt and in good spirit.

TheMayor.EU stands against fake news and disinformation. If you encounter such texts and materials online, contact us at info@themayor.eu

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The only day when fake news is acceptable in Spain - TheMayor.EU

Has a fifth generation war started between India and Pakistan? – Al Jazeera English

Earlier this month, the Brussels-based organisation EU DisinfoLab published an investigative report titled Indian Chronicles, which revealed a staggering network of misinformation and propaganda against Pakistan.

The report exposed an operation that took place over 15 years in 116 countries, featuring more than 500 fake media outlets and a dozen fake NGOs. This network endeavoured to push a pro-India and anti-Pakistan narrative in the European Union and the United Nations.

In addition, the report implicated Asian News International (ANI), an Indian news agency, for covering and disseminating fake news produced by the network. Though the report was careful not to tie the network to the Indian state, there is little doubt that such a vast enterprise could and would exist only with the governments knowledge.

The revelations led Pakistani nationalists and supporters of its security establishment to gleefully remind opponents: we told you so. If only critics were not steeped in blissful ignorance, if only they realised the extent of the security threats facing the beleaguered Pakistani state, they would lay off the army and intelligence services.

These claims repeatedly deployed one rhetorical cudgel that of fifth-generation war. The basic idea behind this term is that in the modern era, wars are not fought by armies or guerrillas, but in the minds of common citizens.

Perceptions, information, propaganda, and fake news are all tools in this ostensibly modern form of warfare. In the wake of the EU DisinfoLab report, it was argued that Pakistan is facing a new type of holistic war, one that encompasses everything from bombs to bots.

One problem with this logic is that, at least as far as international relations or international security scholars are concerned, fifth-generation war is not a widely accepted idea. Searching the content of five well-regarded international relations or international security peer-reviewed journals International Security, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of Peace Research, Journal of Strategic Studies, and Security Studies the term fifth-generation war does not appear in the last five years, a period in which these journals have printed roughly 5 million words between them. It would be curious for such a revolutionary concept to have escaped the eye of experts in the field.

In all likelihood, this lack of scholarly attention to fifth-generation war is because its validity is limited. The term brings to mind another oft-repeated refrain, that of hybrid war, one that became popular amongst the Transatlantic security community to describe Russian foreign policy and alleged acts of sabotage perpetrated by its intelligence.

As with fifth-generation war, critics say that hybrid war was in many ways is a meaningless term, conjoining disparate elements of war with the practice of diplomacy.

In truth, terms such as fifth-generation war and hybrid war are often used to lend a veneer of strategic gravitas to ultimately vapid analysis. Contrary to such breathless arguments, the practice of amplifying fissures in adversaries societies was well established by the early 20th century. Indeed, since the end of World War II, such tools have become a standardised element of counter-intelligence tactics.

For instance, the Soviet Union and the United States sponsored propaganda and misinformation against each other during the Cold War. The US eagerly expanded the scope of its propaganda and psychological operations under President Dwight Eisenhower and went on to build an impressive infrastructure of institutions, such as Voice of America and Radio Free Europe, that were devoted to the task.

For its part, the USSR enjoyed focusing on racism in the US. Propaganda posters would often juxtapose symbols of American democracy, such as the Statue of Liberty, with emblems of slavery, racism, and domestic terrorism, such as the Ku Klux Klan or the police.

The point here is not merely to dispute the nomenclature of fifth-generation war. Rather, by considering disinformation and perception management as tools of war rather than normal politics and diplomacy, states risk exaggerating the severity of the threats they face. Though all war is politics, as Prussian military theorist Carl von Clausewitz famously observed, not all politics is war.

Above all else, the key difference between the hardware of real war and tools of so-called fifth-generation, hybrid, or grey-zone wars is that the former are weapons but the latter must be weaponised and that too with the connivance and cooperation of the target.

When India acquires jets, missiles, or frigates, Pakistan has no choice but to grimly prepare for their use. Pakistan is obligated to deter or neutralise such instruments because they can kill human beings regardless of their social or political context. As such, it is best to steel oneself.

By contrast, Indias employment of tools such as misinformation is, in and of itself, not dangerous. Rather, it requires Pakistans participation. Foreign actors the world over poke and prod opponents domestic vulnerabilities, but they find fertile ground only in those situations where the government has created, deliberately or unwittingly, a vacuum for armed opposition and foreign interference to step in.

In Pakistans case, it is an indisputable fact that innocent Baloch are arbitrarily imprisoned, tortured, and murdered by Pakistani security forces. This is not an Indian invention.

Pakistani chief justices have precipitated national crises on Baloch missing persons. Pakistani journalists have lost their lives while reporting on Baloch missing persons. Pakistani human rights groups have invited labels of treachery in highlighting Baloch missing persons. And Pakistani political parties have raised their voice in favour of Baloch missing persons. When propaganda is based on real grievances, as with the Soviet targeting of race relations in the US, it resonates.

When it comes to security threats, it is important to separate the wheat from the chaff. Just because the misinformation threat is not war does not mean that Islamabad does not have a bone to pick with India.

Indias aggressive foreign policy under Prime Minister Narendra Modis Hindu nationalist government has been destabilising. Aside from its assertive nationalism on display in Kashmir, New Delhis support for Baloch separatism and terrorism has only served to escalate tensions in South Asia, already the worlds most geopolitically dysfunctional region.

Given its narrow ambit, the EU DisinfoLab report understandably did not go so far as to discuss Indian geopolitical behaviour more generally. But in highlighting just how tightly Indias news media is so aligned to its government, especially concerning foreign relations, the report is useful for Pakistans diplomacy.

The symbiosis between the Indian government and its media is not new. Just eighteen months ago, India and Pakistan found themselves in the midst of a dangerous crisis that risked nuclear war. In those nervy and tense times, the Indian media, according to a Polis Project study, largely ascribed to itself the role of an amplifier of government propaganda, regurgitating baseless claims and pouring jingoistic fuel on to a raging nationalistic fire.

Simlarly, the EU DisinfoLab report has proffered evidence that Indias private mainstream media is in many ways an arm of the Indian state. In so doing, it has strengthened Pakistans position regarding the degradation of Indias national political institutions. Indias reputation as a democracy, so crucial to its soft power, has already taken a battering under Modi. This report does not help.

Of course, the West maintains good relations with India not because of its democratic status, but rather because of its potential to balance China and fuel economic growth. It would be unreasonable to expect this report to fundamentally alter this trajectory.

But at the very least, Islamabad has been afforded ammunition for a diplomatic argument it has repeatedly voiced since Imran Khans ascension to power: this is not your grandfathers India. It is dangerous and demagogic. Wake up before its too late.

Irrespective of its effects on Indo-Pakistani dynamics, EU DisinfoLab should be commended for meticulously uncovering a network of disinformation this extensive. Unfortunately, the most certain consequence of the publication of this report will be harmful.

This is not the authors fault; they are quite careful in offering caveats that exhort decision-makers to hear what Baloch and Pashtun organisations have to say, even if such voices are amplified by New Delhi. The report explicitly states that our investigation is in no way a judgement about the situation of human rights in Pakistan, nor should it serve to undermine the credibility of minority movements in Pakistan.

Regrettably, that is exactly how this report will be used in Pakistani discourse. Pakistans current hybrid regime full-blown military rule cloaked in the thinnest of civilian faades has severely constrained space for journalists, political parties, dissidents, Baloch nationalists, Pashtun rights leaders, and others. Invoking national security and nefarious designs from abroad is the oldest trick in the establishments book when it comes to crushing dissent and sidelining opposition.

The EU DisinfoLab has given Pakistans national security establishment an ace in the hole. It is a card it will relish playing against both India and domestic challengers.

The views expressed in this article are the authors own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeeras editorial stance.

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Has a fifth generation war started between India and Pakistan? - Al Jazeera English

Turkeys TGVA reaches out to diaspora in Europe to fight fake news, disinformation | Daily Sabah – Daily Sabah

The Turkey Youth Foundation (TGVA) launched a new project for the Turkish diaspora in Europe, to raise awareness against fake news and disinformation in the digital age.

The media literacy project consists of a set of online seminars for those between the ages of 18 and 25 pursuing undergraduate and postgraduate studies.

It will teach participants how to be a responsible media reader and social media user. Seminars will be held in January and the participants can apply on TGVAs website, tugva.org.

TGVA said in a statement that since social media has become such a prevalent part of our lives we are more susceptible to "misinformation" from an abundance of sources online, and the challenge lies in finding the reliable ones.

Social media in particular, helps spread fake news rapidly and to the larger masses. This, in turn, aggravates the disinformation and lead to negative consequences, the statement said.

The foundation said that due to the climate of disinformation, amid the western media's frequent defamation campaigns against Turkey and Islam, they felt the need to raise awareness among the youth who are avid social media users but less aware of the risks.

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Turkeys TGVA reaches out to diaspora in Europe to fight fake news, disinformation | Daily Sabah - Daily Sabah

From Dr Aisha to WSJ and NYT: The Top 10 Fake News for the year 2020 and their fact-checks – OpIndia

The year 2020 was the year of Fake News and Fact Checks. Apart from the Coronavirus pandemic, there was an epidemic of fake news as well. Misinformation was rife across all areas of public life, not just the pandemic or politics. At OpIndia, we have regularly busted fake news spread by the mainstream media and politicians that the media refuses to fact-check.

Here is our list of the Top 10 fact-checks for the year 2020.

IB Constable Ankit Sharma was murdered by an Islamist mob during the anti-Hindu riots at the national capital. Former AAP Councilor Tahir Hussain is an accused in the murder. The Wall Street Journal claimed that they were told by the deceaseds brother that Sharma was murdered by a mob chanting Jai Shri Ram.

Ankur Sharma, however, debunked these claims and said he never made that comment and pointed fingers at Tahir Hussain instead. The WSJ report, however, was carried by others as well and reported as gospel truth. Our fact-check can be read here.

Rahul Gandhi has recently claimed that the annual summit between India and Russia has been cancelled due to Moscows unease with Quad. Interestingly Gandhi had quoted The Prints report in which it was alleged the meeting was postponed after Russia expressed severe reservations on New Delhi joining the Indo-Pacific initiative and Quad, thereby tilting more towards the US.

The result? Rahul Gandhi was fact-checked by the Russian Embassy itself. Our detailed report can be read here.

Scientists worked overtime to develop a vaccine for the virus. However, there are several misleading claims about the vaccine and its importance that are making the rounds on social media platforms that need to be debunked.

The claims range from Why do we need a vaccine? and The vaccine will alter the DNA of humans. We debunk the myths in a comprehensive report here.

Attacking PM Narendra Modi during an election rally at Nawada ahead of the Bihar assembly elections over Chinese aggression at the Line of Actual Control in Ladakh, Rahul Gandhi alleged that it was PM Modi who handed over 1,200 kilometres of Indias land to China.

The claim was, of course, false and had no connections with observable reality. The comments were part of a series of misinformation campaign initiated by the Opposition parties over the conflict between India and China at the LAC. Our comprehensive report on the matter can be read here.

A day after the Tanishq showroom in Gandhidham, Kutch in Gujarat apologised to Hindus for the controversial advertisement glorifying love jihad, the ecosystem came together to build a narrative that the showroom was attacked by a mob and that the owners were forced to put up the apology. It all started when NDTV published breaking news that the Gandhidham showroom was attacked.

In the end, the entire turned out to be a gigantic farce. Our detailed report can be read here.

In October, various media outlets had reported an attack against a Kashmiri woman named Noor Bhat. The media reports suggested that the Kashmiri woman was assaulted and abused by her landlady and a man in Delhis Lajpat Nagar. However, a day after the woman in southeast Delhi claimed that she was assaulted and abused by her landlady for being a Kashmiri, more details emerged in the matter exposing her dubious claims.

Our detailed report in the matter can be read here.

Liberals got innovative in their attempts to peddle their secular agenda but unfortunately for them, it led them into making comments that were ostensibly fake news. Social media was rife with misleading claims that Asaf Ali, a Congress member, had defended Bhagat Singh against the British government while RSS man Suryanarayan Sharma had worked against the freedom fighter.

The claim, as most such claims made by the liberal grade, turned out to be a titanic lie. Our detailed report can be read here.

It was a moment of honour for the West Bengal government when a Japan-based non-profit organization associated with the United Nation took notice of their work amid the coronavirus pandemic and sent a letter of appreciation to the minister of state, Nirmal Maji. This piece of good news, a moment of pride of West Bengal, was shared by the All India Trinamool Congress on its official Twitter handle.

Was it true? Was the Trinamool Congress accurate in flaunting the NGOs letter? There are quite a few twists to this story. You can make up your mind after reading the report here.

The Liberal camp is always on the lookout for the perfect victim whose story it can weaponise to peddle its propaganda. Dr Aisha, who tweeted under the handle @Aisha_must_sayz, supposedly lost her life to the Wuhan Coronavirus after being put on ventilator on the occasion of Eid-al-Adha. The news of her death went viral on social media with an outpouring of grief from all quarters.

Dr. Aisha was young and pretty, as evident from the photographs she shared, but the propaganda collapsed even before it could take off. Our detailed report on the matter can be read here.

During the early days of the Wuhan Coronavirus pandemic in India, there were an epidemic of videos on TikTok where Muslim youth could be seen spreading misinformation about the virus. A deliberate attempt was made to insinuate that the TikTok videos, where Muslims advocate against social distancing and ask fellow Muslims to place their faith in Namaz and Allah instead, was somehow created by Hindus to make Muslims fall sick.

Our detailed report on the matter can be read here.

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From Dr Aisha to WSJ and NYT: The Top 10 Fake News for the year 2020 and their fact-checks - OpIndia

Fake news: SA is NOT heading to Level 5 How to combat infodemiology – All4Women

For all the latest news about the coronavirus, click here.A fake message has been circulating on social media around South Africa, hinting that at a hard lockdown was imminent

The basic content of the message says that the countrys National Coronavirus Command Council (NCCC) was meeting on Monday afternoon, and the country was looking at a harder lockdown in the near future.

However, according to a report by The Citizen, the governments spokesperson Phumla Williams has confirmed that the message is FAKE. There will not be any meeting of the NCCC, and the country would not be implementing a Level 5 lockdown in the near future.

Mkhize unveils strategy for vaccine rollout in SA

On Sunday, the government released its plan to roll out the vaccine to the country in the year ahead. South Africa is currently under Level 3 Lockdown as the second wave of infections continues to spread.

On Sunday evening, cases hit 1 100748. New cases increased by 11859 and 402 more deaths were reported.

The government urged all citizens to be safe and to follow all of the guidelines in order to curb the spread of the second wave of the pandemic.

Citizens all around the world are struggling to determine the validity of the overload of information they are faced with on a daily basis. Its become such a common issue that its coined a new term, infodemiology.

Due to COVID-19, most of us have a new word in our vocabulary: epidemiology, says an article by the World Health Organisation (WHO). It is the branch of medical science that deals with the ways diseases are transmitted and can be controlled in a population. Now it is time to learn another new word: infodemiology.

We are all being exposed to a huge amount of COVID-19 information on a daily basis, and not all of it is reliable, says the World Health Organisation.

The WHO offered some tips for telling the difference and stopping the spread of misinformation:

Take a look at the tips in the infographic below, and follow THIS LINK for more detailed information

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Fake news: SA is NOT heading to Level 5 How to combat infodemiology - All4Women

Watch NASA’s 2021 hype video full of moon dreams and Mars hopes – CNET

This Orion spacecraft will fly on NASA's uncrewed Artemis I mission, possibly in late 2021.

Last year was big for space missions. Now that we're officially in 2021, NASA is looking ahead to a packed schedule of space exploration as it aims for the moon, Mars and beyond. The space agency released a video preview hyping its plans for the new year, and the moon is the star of the show.

From the lab to your inbox. Get the latest science stories from CNET every week.

The NASA 2021 video kicks off with all eyes on the moon and the planned launch of Artemis I.

While the video is full of hope and optimism, the reality is that getting space missions off the ground on time is a challenge. A NASA report released in late 2020 cited Space Launch System (SLS) rocket delays, coronavirus pandemic scheduling issues, and high costs as obstacles to the agency's stated goal of landing humans on the moon in 2024 through the Artemis program.

The first big test of the SLS and Orion spacecraft is in the works for 2021 with Artemis I, but we'll have to wait and see if the uncrewed mission is able to launch this year after all.

Other NASA goals for 2021 are well on track. The Perseverance rover is all set for a landing on Mars on Feb. 18. If all goes well, it will mark the start of a long-range plan to bring Martian rock samples back to Earth. The much-delayed James Webb Space Telescope is still on the calendar for an Oct. 31 launch date.

The moon, Mars and James Webb are just a few of the highlights. The full video will take you all the way from the International Space Station to the DART asteroid-redirection mission. If NASA manages to check most of these items off its 2021 to-do list, we'll be in for another epic year in space.

Follow along with NASA and other agencies' exploits all year long with our 2021 space calendar.

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Watch NASA's 2021 hype video full of moon dreams and Mars hopes - CNET

Planetary protection needs more than just NASA, White House plan says – Space.com

The White House has laid out a plan for overhauling the federal government's planetary-protection rules, which work to prevent contamination between Earth and other potentially habitable worlds.

The document outlines the government's plan for a suite of federal agencies to modernize planetary-protection rules over the course of the next year. Scientists and engineers discuss planetary protection in two directions: keeping other destinations free of meaningful Earth contamination and keeping our planet safe from potentially dangerous extraterrestrial materials. The plan is careful to note that in both directions, the government must consider both its own activities and those of commercial companies.

"Current and future missions to Mars and other destinations necessitate a strategy to support a safe, sustainable and predictable Earth and space environment," Scott Pace, executive secretary of the National Space Council and deputy assistant to President Donald Trump, said in a statement released on Dec. 30.

Related: NASA fed Apollo 11 moon rocks to cockroaches (then things got weird)

The new plan builds on a goal included in a Space Policy Directive the Trump administration issued earlier in December. "By establishing objectives for the implementation of the 2020 National Space Policy's direction on planetary protection, this strategy continues American leadership in scientific discovery, human exploration and private-sector space activities," Pace said in the new statement.

Developing the strategy fell and implementing it will fall to the Planetary Protection Interagency Working Group established in July, which brings together nearly 20 federal agencies, of which NASA is only one. Others include the departments of agriculture, homeland security, transportation and defense, as well as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Environmental Protection Agency, the FBI and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

Such collaboration on issues of potentially planet-wide concern has precedent. During preparations for the Apollo 11 moon mission, which would return lunar rocks to Earth for the first time ever, public health officials in particular were instrumental in developing processes to assess the safety of astronauts and samples alike upon landing here. Similarly, FEMA is a key partner when NASA studies issues surrounding potential impacts of nearby asteroids.

In the new strategy document, the working group highlights the age of existing planetary-protection guidelines and the changing nature of spaceflight as motivations for new procedures. For example, the report cites ongoing work to bring back samples from Mars, NASA's long-term goal of sending humans to the Red Planet and the general prevalence of commercial space players.

Some of these trends may intersect; SpaceX in particular has touted its plans to land humans on Mars, targeting an ambitious timeline that could move faster than NASA's. Whether crewed or robotic missions, the government wants to prepare for an expected boom in commercial space launches beyond Earth orbit.

"Given the rapid growth in private-sector space capabilities and activities, it is very possible that United States companies will be key participants in the search for life," the group wrote.

NASA is well aware of the challenges of current planetary-protection guidelines. In 2019, the agency commissioned an independent group of experts to evaluate steps forward. The resulting report cited similar concerns and laid out 77 points for the agency to consider.

But NASA doesn't necessarily have say in private missions, an issue raised in the agency's own report and underscored in the new strategy, which sets a tighter timeline for the projects that relate to commercial outreach. The new plan calls for surveying relevant private-sector representatives about planetary protection within three months and creating guidelines for government oversight of commercial projects within six months.

The working group's other projects require developing frameworks for evaluating or addressing a handful of other aspects of planetary protection, including crewed missions and sample return.

Two big questions are not addressed by the strategy document: what, if any, review processes the new procedures will undergo, and how the incoming administration led by President-elect Joe Biden will execute the document's plans.

Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

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Planetary protection needs more than just NASA, White House plan says - Space.com

NASA shares image of slow motion firework in space that has lasted over 150 years – The Indian Express

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) recently shared an image of a slow-motion firework in space that it says has lasted over 150 years. The image has since received plenty of reactions online.

The image, which is of a doomed super-massive star 7,500 light-years away named Eta Carinae, was captured by NASAs Hubble telescope.

According to the post, the massive star went through a Great Eruption in the 1840s that made it the second-brightest visible star in the sky for over a decade.

The explosion was so bright that the sailors at the time used it as an important navigational star, NASA said in the post.

Since being posted online, the post has received over 9 lakh likes. Take a look at some of the reactions to the post here:

Eta Carinae is a star system of at least two stars orbiting each other. Its combined luminosity is said to be greater than five million times that of the sun in our solar system.

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NASA shares image of slow motion firework in space that has lasted over 150 years - The Indian Express

Twin Falls native works with NASA to study gravity waves – 6 On Your Side

MAGIC VALLEY After his original internship with NASA fell through because of the pandemic, Twin Falls native Carlos Munoz decided to take a different opportunity studying gravity waves with NASA, even though he had no background in atmospheric science.

"Approaching this project, I knew practically nothing regarding atmospheric science. I could look at the clouds and say those are pretty clouds, but now I learned about a completely new field of science. How to understand energy mechanisms in the atmosphere in a whole different way," Munoz said.

The research involved teams at the University of Idaho and other parts of the nation and South America. The groups launched high altitude balloons along the path of totality during a total solar eclipse; this helped them track the gravity waves to better predict and anticipate major weather events.

"If you ever look at the clouds and see Rolley and wavy clouds, that's evidence of gravity waves. They are what happens when hot air rises and falls in the atmosphere as it cools down, and it starts as a big wave in the atmosphere, like ripples in a pond," Munoz said.

Munoz and his team were in charge of analyzing those gravity wave measurements.

"And then we take that and say how does that affect the weather? How do we use that to improve the current climate models that meteorologists use to predict if it's going to rain tomorrow or any severe weather," Munoz said.

Understanding this data is not only essential to research teams, but to everyday people, Munoz says.

"You can better understand the weather. I mean, that's a big thing. You can help with timing crops. You can look at anything that weather directly affects and understand things like hurricanes better or severe weather better," Munoz said.

Munoz became involved in the project in June of last year and plans to be involved in the project until he graduates in May.

"For me, this has opened so many different doors. Like I said I've always had a passion for research, so working for an organization that's devoted to research is super big for me. It's given me tons of different opportunities," Munoz said.

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Twin Falls native works with NASA to study gravity waves - 6 On Your Side

Two Upcoming NASA Missions Will Study Earth-Threatening Space Weather – Gizmodo

A solar coronal mass ejection as observed on June 20, 2013. Image: NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center/SDO

Two new missions to explore the Sun and Earths auroras could vastly improve our understanding of the complex interactions responsible for potentially dangerous space weather.

Auroras seen at our planets northern and southern high latitudes can be very beautiful, but the phenomena and processes responsible for these dramatic light shows are known to interfere with our communication signals and utility grids. Experts fear that severe space weather, in the form of powerful geomagnetic storms, will do much worse, knocking out handheld devices, fleets of satellites, and transformers responsible for transmitting electricity through power grids.

A geomagnetic storm of this scale hasnt struck Earth since the mid-19th century, but scientists have reason to believe well experience a similar event at some point in the future. Trouble is, were not very good at predicting this sort of stuff, whether its the mundane day-to-day space weather or the scary kind that happens once every 100 years.

Thats where these two new heliophysics missions come in, as theyll help us to better understand the Sun and Earth as an interconnected system, according to NASA. To do so, the new satellites will investigate the physics behind such things as solar winds, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections, the latter of which are responsible for geomagnetic storms. Insights from these missions will improve our forecasting abilities, giving us a potential heads up to some incoming stormy weather.

G/O Media may get a commission

For the EUVST mission, or Extreme Ultraviolet High-Throughput Spectroscopic Telescope Epsilon Mission, a spacecraft will analyze the spectrum of our stars extreme ultraviolet radiation. Itll study how solar wind emerges from the Suns atmosphere, or corona, how stellar material propagates into space. Scientists will use this data to determine the ways in which these processes affect the solar system, including Earths atmosphere.

This next-generation solar-observing satellite will have the highest resolution and sensitivity of any previous UV spectrometer, according to the project website. These capabilities could untangle the different ways in which magnetic and plasma processes produce coronal heating and tremendous releases of energy.

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) will lead the EUVST mission while working with partners in the United States and Europe. NASA will contribute $55 million to the project, which will cover a UV detector, parts for the spectrograph, a guide telescope, software, and an imaging system to contextualize spectrographic measurements. Harry Warren from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in Washington will serve as the principal investigator. Launch of EUVUST is expected in 2026.

The second mission, the Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer, or EZIE, will involve three cubesats in Earth orbit. EZIE, with a budget of $53.3 million, will study the electric currents in Earths atmosphere associated with auroral activity and our planets magnetosphere. The satellites will investigate the auroral electrojetan electric current that reaches into the magnetosphere and zips through the atmosphere at altitudes between 60 and 90 miles (97-145 km)to determine how and why it changes over time.

Jeng-Hwa Yee at the Johns Hopkins University will serve as the principal investigator.

Despite decades of research, we still dont understand the basic configuration of the electrical currents which are central to the interactions between Earth and the surrounding space, said Yee in a Johns Hopkins statement. This is a problem of universal importance since it applies to any magnetized body such as Mercury, Saturn and Jupiterbut it also has practical importance since these currents have a profound impact on our technologies in space and here on Earth.

Launch of EZIE is expected around June 2024.

We are very pleased to add these new missions to the growing fleet of satellites that are studying our Sun-Earth system using an amazing array of unprecedented observational tools, Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for science at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C., said in a NASA statement.

Itll be years before we see the results of these missions, but its important that we do this space-based heliophysics, both for scientific and practical reasons. Research from 2017 suggested that a sufficiently powerful geomagnetic storm could cost the United States upwards of $40 billion per day as the result of damaged technology and global-scale blackouts.

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Two Upcoming NASA Missions Will Study Earth-Threatening Space Weather - Gizmodo

Current spacesuits wont cut it on the moon. So NASA made new ones. – MIT Technology Review

The most interesting work, however, has to do with NASAs next-generation spacesuit for astronauts going to the moonthe eXploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit, or xEMU. It is ostensibly the successor to the spacesuits worn by Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and other Apollo astronauts when they set foot on the lunar surface half a century ago. But it also incorporates what weve learned through the EMUs used in orbit during the space shuttle and ISS eras of human exploration, as well as the hard lessons from Apollo. The goal behind Artemis is to have people living and working on the moon. New spacesuits will be critical to ensuring that the experience is safe and comfortable.

We are so excited about putting people back on the moon, says Richard Rhodes, a spacesuit engineer at NASA whos working on the xEMU. Our main goal is that the crew doesnt even think about us. They put the suit on, and they do their workthe science, the explorationand do not even think twice about how mobile they are or how effectively they can work. Thats a tall order, but were trying to get as close to that as possible. We want to be invisible.

Here are some of the biggest innovations we can expect out of xEMU.

When youre designing a spacesuit, you want it to move freely and efficiently, with the least amount of effort possible, so we can be as near to shirtsleeve mobility as possible, says Rhodes. The goal is to limit the amount of volume in the suit, because the more volume there is, the harder astronauts must to work to bend their joints, and that can quickly grow exhausting.

The solution is to use bearings, since they rotate around a single point and ensure a constant amount of volume. The old Apollo suits used bearings only in the arms, because it was basically a multipurpose suit (used for both launch and entry, as well as lunar exploration). It needed to be light enough to accommodate all these different situations, and too many bearings could have weighed it down.

The xEMU has bearings that are lighter and hew closer to the joints than ones used for previous EMUs. The ones at the shoulders should allow astronauts to reach outward and lift objects more easily while reducing risk of injury to the upper body. There are finally bearings at the waist, hips, thighs, and ankles, creating much greater mobility in the lower body. All of these together allow for very low-torque, low-energy mobility and motion, says Rhodes.

The suits also have a variable pressure system to give astronauts more flexibility when they need it. It should allow them to get ready more quickly in the suit when it's necessary, but also to lift materials or kneel down to study things when the situation calls for it.

NASA

The hip mobility bearings in particular are a big deal for moonwalking (no, notthatkind of moonwalking). Apollo astronauts werent spending a whole lot of time on the surface of the moon during their missions, and the time they did spend was largely to just get to know this new environment. They quickly found it difficult to walk around normally in microgravity, and they were also very careful to avoid any dangers.

With such limited hip mobility, striding just wasnt feasible. So they mostly shuffled; when they got more comfortable and more adventurous, they could manage a more loping gait to move faster. Trying to grab objects on the ground required an awkward lunge.

The xEMU is supposed to encourage normal walking as opposed to hopping, and make it easier to kneel down stably in one motion to work close to the groundwhich wasnt much of an option for Apollo astronauts. No more lunging for objects. This is going to make it much easier for astronauts to conduct worthwhile science on the ground, like examining geological samples or setting up complex instruments.

A huge lesson learned from Apollo was that lunar dust is terrible. The moons surface hasnt been exposed to the kind of weathering Earths geology has faced. As a result, the lunar soil is very coarse and jagged, and it sticks to everything (yeah, I know I soundlike Anakin Skywalker). It contaminates inner layers of the garment and any parts that are supposed to detach, and causes general wear and tear to the exterior of the suits.

So to avoid any exposed gaps, designers minimized components like zippers or wrist disconnects, as well as seams where dust could infiltrate. Were looking at more of a whole garment that goes over the entire assembly, with small features where you can still perform operational checks and disconnect things during a contingency, says Rhodes. Its like a whole shirt and whole pants thats all one piece, without breaks where dust can get inside. And for areas where there are breaks (like bearings), the team is working on developing and incorporating seals that should keep dust out.

NASA

The xEMU helmets offer a wider range of vision than the Apollo helmets, with onboard lights to help illuminate dark places. Theyll have a HUD (heads-up display) for astronauts to access important information on the go. High-definition shoulder cameras will help record journeys as if right from the astronauts own eyes.

The Snoopy caps used for communications are a pretty recognizable part of EMUs, but as most astronauts whove been on spacewalks can attest, they can quickly get drenched in sweat, and their microphones dont always work well after many hours of movement. The xEMU gets rid of the Snoopy cap for an audio system thats embedded into the suit, voice activated to automatically pick up sounds as theyre spoken.

A common complaint among any astronaut whos gone on an EVA is that the gloves are a menace. Their bulky layers mean you lose a lot of dexterity, and you also dont necessarily know how much pressure youre using when you grab something. Lack of circulation and the accumulation of moisture can lead to some nasty side effects, like brittle fingernails and even fungus. Gloves are not a new challenge, says Rhodes. Theres absolutely room for improvement.

The main improvements Rhodes and his team are working on for the xEMU is to make sure astronauts hands are protected from extreme temperature changes and dust, and that they can handle lunar material safely. NASA is also figuring out how to make it easier for them to do simple tasks like grasp tools and operate small equipment.

NASA

Back in 2014, Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano was on a spacewalk when his suit began to leak water, flooding the helmet and nearly drowning him. Engineers later found that contamination had caused water from the cooling system to back uptrouble exacerbated by the fact that the water and cooling loops were in such close contact. So the xEMU now keeps those loops completely separate to avoid another such emergency from happening.

The xEMU also sports a new carbon dioxide scrubbing system that uses two different absorption beds (in this case, small cans made of lithium hydroxide that readily attract and trap carbon dioxide). While one is being used, the other can be exposed to the vacuum of space and emptied outso carbon dioxide is constantly scrubbed without forcing astronauts to come back inside to clean the absorption beds. The oxygen tanks are higher-pressure systems that should deliver oxygen for longer periods of time than Apollo suits did. The only limitation now for how long someone can stay in the suit, theoretically, is battery power.

Meanwhile, the xEMU is retaining some life support and safety features that are tried and true. Theres protection from micrometeorites based on a similar design for the current orbital EMUs. Theres also thermal protection to withstand the sharp temperature changes (from -250 F in the shade to 250 F under the sun).

Back in March 2019, NASA canceled plans for the first all-woman spacewalkbecause there werent enough correctly sized spacesuitsonly larger ones were available.

It was a tough lesson about the need to make sure that suits are designed properly to accommodate people of all sizes. The agency has decided that with the xEMU, theyre leaving nothing to chance. Each suit will be custom fitted to the height, size, and comfort of the individual astronaut and will aim to provide the broadest range of motion for activities on the moon. If a moonwalk is canceled this time, it wont be because the suits dont fit.Spacesuit design is still a work in progress, though. Theres not a lot of data on operation on the lunar surface, says Rhodes. Any kind of feedback will be fantastic. NASA intends to incorporate what it learns from the first few Artemis missions to improve the xEMU over and over againwith an eye toward making something that will work on Mars one day.

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Current spacesuits wont cut it on the moon. So NASA made new ones. - MIT Technology Review

The Stability of von Krmn’s Vortices – nasa.gov

On a clear day, the towering peaks on Fogo, Santa Anto, and So Nicolau stand out amid the flatter islands of Cabo Verde (Cape Verde). These three volcanic islands, the tallest in the archipelago, stand high enough to generate rain shadow effects that support unique dry forests on some of the islands.

The height also helps these islands disturb passing air masses and clouds in a way that Theodore von Krman accomplished mathematician, aerospace engineer, and one of the Jet Propulsion Laboratorys founderslikely would have appreciated. The trails are called von Krmn vortex streets, a distinctive pattern that can occur when a fluid passes a tall, isolated, stationary object. In 1912, von Krmn was the first to describe the oscillating flow features in mathematical terms while he was working as a graduate assistant for the pioneering German fluid dynamicist Ludwig Prandtl.

Though a French scientist was the first to photograph the feature, von Krmns key insight was a mathematical proof demonstrating that staggered vortices were the most lasting flow pattern that such features can produce. I found that only the anti-symmetric arrangement could be stable, and only for a certain ratio of the distance between the rows and the distance between two consecutive vortices of each row, von Krmn later wrote about the discovery. In other words, the vortices are always offset and never line up.

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASAs Terra captured this image of the swirling trails of clouds on December 20, 2020. The dry forests appear slightly darker than the rest of the islands.

Von Krmn was a student at the University of Gttingen (Germany) when he made his insight about the vortices. He remained in Germany until 1930, with a three-year interruption to serve in the Austro-Hungarian army. Concerned about the rise of the Nazis in Germany, von Krmn accepted an offer to direct the new Daniel Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology in 1930. That lab later became NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 1958.

NASA Earth Observatory image by Lauren Dauphin, using MODIS data from NASA EOSDIS/LANCE and GIBS/Worldview. Story by Adam Voiland.

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The Stability of von Krmn's Vortices - nasa.gov