How the Radical Graphic Design of the Black Panthers Influences the Movement for Black Lives – HarpersBAZAAR.com

Vanessa Newman can remember exactly where they were when they first saw Emory Douglass work. They remember the sound of '60s jazz vinyls playing before heading to the grocery store with their dadan embodiment of their love for Black people as a Black queer kid navigating the world. Douglas's work was integral to the music and, really, every day of their childhood.

A revolutionary artist and the former minister of culture for the Black Panther Party, Emory Douglas was a formerly incarcerated youth who fell in love with graphic design in trade school and after attending San Francisco City College connected with the likes of party cofounder Bobby Seale. Together, they created The Black Panther in 1967, the newspaper reaching its peak with a 200,000+ weekly circulation. Also a living vessel of Black radical history and visioning, Douglas used printmaking and graphic design to best articulate the Black liberatory politics of the Black Panther Party via comics, illustrations, and visual propaganda.

Its fitting that Newman was so drawn to Douglas's work. This current iteration of young Black queer people building a new visual statement through the Movement for Black Lives looks to the Black Panther Party as a starting point. Designers like Newman and Fresco Steez, the former minister of culture at BYP100, uses the poetics of adornment, a clarity of political values, and a hunger for a new world that many deem impossible. These designers are melding together past, future, and current realities to make revolution irresistible. Douglas and his work have provided the blueprint for that liberatory design.

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Anyone dedicated to a future that requires Black liberation must use all the tools available to make the fight visually, linguistically, and spiritually appealing to those invested in their own freedom. As Douglas stated in 1967 of his mission in helping to create the Panthers' newspaper, also with Panther leader Eldridge Cleaver, "We were creating a culture, a culture of resistance, a culture of defiance and self-determination."

Like Newman, Steez is a designer dedicated to creating the visual language of this social moment. Born in Chicago, the community organizer is deeply involved with BYP100, a chapter-based organization founded in 2013 in response to George Zimmermans acquittal. Dedicated to advancing the Black communitys economic, social, political, and educational freedoms, BYP100 sees the future through a Black queer feminist lens. Throughout her time there, she designed all the merchandise for the organization, from hockey jerseys donning Lucille Clifton quotes to "Unapologetically Black" T-shirts inspired by Kanye Wests GOOD Friday music drops.

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Steez is also the former lead digital strategist at the Movement for Black Lives (or M4BL), where she recently designed bomber jackets, sweatsuits, and full regalia for fellows that speak to the continued defunding of the police campaign work. Further, she is currently working with Levis for its Black History Month capsule due out this month.

Steez began her design work at BYP100 as a reflection of two vital aspects of her life: community organizing and hip-hop. She thinks critically about what hip-hop culture means for organizing internally and externally. As a teenager doing organizing work, I was required to study the five elements of hip-hop (tagging, beatboxing, break dancing, emceeing, deejaying) and streetwear culture. And while we know that streetwear culture is Black culture, it has been commodified by all different identities of folks in order to build profit. This exploitation is compounded by luxury brands at the expense of Black and third-world people.

Steezs mother, Sheila Rollins, was a teacher by trade and matriarch of design by craft in Chicago. Steez follows a legacy of Black feminist ingenuity that keeps her rooted in the liberatory needs of Black people. My early understanding of how Black folks use visuals, fashion, aesthetics as a culture to resist poverty; to say, 'Despite the conditions we live in in this country, were gonna adorn ourselves in ways that glorify our experiences,'" Steez says. "We know that our clothes can be a vision for what our lives can be around beauty and around the full and expansive life that we deserve.

She continues, The thing that has inspired me in all the work that I do are the political histories and movements. What were the visuals? What was the culture behind them that was intentional? What gave them a visual identity to the community that they were working within?

The type of intentionality and care that Steez puts into her work is a deep nod to Douglas's work in developing a visual culture for the Black Panthers. As the party grew in notoriety and political acclaim in the late '60s, so did the surveillance of its leadership, namely the creation of COINTELPRO, a counterintelligence program focused on monitoring and dismantling the radical organizing work of the Black Panther Party by the federal government. These acts of intentional upheaval through COINTELPRO included everything from disrupting newspaper distribution to destroying the childrens breakfast program. These tactics of destruction are still ever present in the FBI's more recent creation of the Black Identity Extremists designation and the policing of Black activists across the country amid protests against police violence. The legacy of the suppression of Black liberatory struggle continues to this day.

We know that our clothes can be a vision for what our lives can be around beauty and around the full and expansive life that we deserve.

There is a cold eye of intimidation being used now to quell the fight for Black liberationa similar intimidation that killed and nearly wiped out the Black Panther Partybecause of the radicalization power that can happen with visual art. At the height of the uprisings this summer, there was a need for personal protective equipment, or PPE, which many didnt know how to fill. Steez and the digital team at M4BL knew that they could show up and keep people safe with masks, while also getting their bold statement across. These are new conditions to be organizing under, so we really thought about what piece actually supports their organizing work and clearly articulates their values, and the most relevant canvas in this moment was the face mask.

M4BL began sending out needed PPE to activists on the ground in seven major cities during the peak of the George Floyd uprisings, in early June. Masks with the phrases, Stop Killing Black People and Defund Police, were sent out nationwide. However, after shipping the masks, Steez was told that they allegedly had been seized by the federal government and were delayed until further notice. It wasnt until Steez and M4BL took to social media to spread awareness of the supposed PPE steal that the masks were returned to them.

If you have the grounds to seize these masks, then what grounds do you have to seize me? Right, in all seriousness.

The bold black-and-yellow masks were everywhere during the protests. Representative Ilhan Omar was seen wearing one, and former president Barack Obama even reposted an image of the masks on social media. But Steez is remaining focused on her core values of creating political timepieces that have clear principles.

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Like Steez, Newman is dedicated to tracing the connection between the history and principles of design to organized movements. As head of product at Somewhere Good, a digital platform from the same team behind Ethels Club, they are dedicated to creating a social media app that prioritizes a new way of being online.

Newman credits their precision in graphic design and the ability to gain access to resources to the strength of community organizing. I began to see that space making and community organizing are all design systems. Most of the Internet is not meant to build community; it was built to monetize people, they say. "The past two years of building brands, dreaming of flyers, and getting into the nerdiest details of typography always come back to finding what's been lost. I feel like Im always trying to reclaim a history that already exists.

The biggest lesson in a year of isolation has been that the vision for liberation is a collective work. In the midst of the months-long protests over the summer, Newman along with other Black designers began Design to Divest, "a Black-led collective of designers, artists, technologists, and strategists designing equitable futures by divesting from inequitable institutions," as stated on its website.

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However, Newman has no illusions about the visceral labor of dreaming. When youre Black and queer, you have to always be imagining. Explaining further, Newman says, I protect my brain at all costs. How do you do that in this world where you are supposed to stay disconnected from yourself, from your body, and from this world. All of these things are designed to distract us from our imagination.

Radical graphic design, whether it be through merchandise or visual aesthetics, has always been about writing a love letter to marginalized peopleto say without words or dialogue who you are, what you stand for, and how you are showing up for the next fight. It is a call to action after a year of grief and surface-level platitudes. Because of this struggle, Black queer designers like Steez and Newman are dreaming of what our movements must look like for a better world that many refuse to see.

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Black Lives Matter at School Week of Action 2021 – School Library Journal

It's Black Lives Matter at School Week of Action. Resources and a starter kits are available, along with the new contest-winning logo from a South Carolina high schooler.

The first week of February isBlack Lives Matter at School Week of Action. This year, BLM at School is not limited to February's Black History Month. Instead, the Week of Action comes in the midst of BLM at Schools Year of Purpose, during which every month of the academic year focuses on a specific principle. Februarys principle is Unapologetically Black. The website offers resources, including a starter kit, for the Week of Action.

The 2021 student creative challenge prompt is, What makes you feel free to dream, safe to thrive in schools and communities? Students are asked to share their response on social media with the hashtag #BLMAtSchoolChallenge.

[Read: Curricular Correction: Using Resources To Teach Black History and Culture]

South Carolina high school student Naima Whitted won the 2021 Black Lives Matter at School logo contest.

I wanted to show the importance of #BlackLivesMatter by showing the past and present coming together, said Naima, a high school freshman in Columbia, SC. The girl in the image has modern braids and wears a COVID mask, but the Black Power fist has a history from the 1960s that still has meaning today.

The logo appears on merchandise and social media posts.

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Black Lives Matter at School Week of Action 2021 - School Library Journal

Evenings with Genetics: Race and Genetics | BCM – Baylor College of Medicine News

Do racial categories obscure our genetic similarities and differences? How do we quantify ancestry and is it important in precision medicine? This month, Baylor College of Medicine is hosting two Evenings with Genetics webinars to address these questions and other issues involving race and genetics.

The webinars will take place on Tuesday, Feb. 9, and Tuesday, Feb. 16, at 7 p.m. CST. Both sessions will address the role of race in genetic research and clinical care, as well as racial justice and bioethics in precision medicine.

This series focused on race and Black history is exciting and timely, said Dr. Debra Murray, assistant professor of molecular and human genetics at Baylor and co-organizer of the event. The invited speakers will bring to light several areas where genetics has been influenced by race. In order to pursue social justice, we must ensure science without bias. People with non-European ancestry should not be prevented from enjoying the promise of precision medicine.

The 15th anniversary of this series is the perfect opportunity to offer our community these discussions on the perception of race as we strive to ensure precision medicine is available to all, said Susan Fernbach, assistant professor of molecular and human genetics at Baylor and co-organizer of the event.

Panelists on Feb. 9 include Dr. Charmaine Royal, professor of African & African American studies, biology, global health and family medicine and community health at Duke University, Dr. Clayton Yates, professor in the Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research at Tuskegee University, and Shawneequa Callier, associate professor in the Department of Clinical Research and Leadership at the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences.

Panelists on Feb. 16 include Dr. Rick Kittles, professor and director of the Division of Health Equities in the Department of Population Sciences at City of Hope, Dr. Charmita Hughes-Halbert, professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Medical University of South Carolina, and patient advocate J.H. Jones.

The program is free and open to the public, but registration is required. A Zoom link will be sent to all registered participants. For more information, call 713-798-8407 or visit the event registration pages for Feb. 9 and Feb. 16. Videos of both sessions will be available online here at a later date.

This event is sponsored by the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, the Office of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion, the Human Genome Sequencing Center and Baylor Genetics.

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Evenings with Genetics: Race and Genetics | BCM - Baylor College of Medicine News

Unlock the Long-Term Genomics Runway with ‘ARKG’ – ETF Trends

Ground zero for disruptive growth in the healthcare sector is genomics through the ARK Genomic Revolution Multi-Sector Fund (CBOE: ARKG).

ARKG holds equity securities of companies across multiple sectors, including health care, information technology, materials, energy, and consumer discretionary, that are relevant to the funds genomics theme. The active management team behind the ARKG strategy combines a top-down and bottom-up research methodology to identify innovative companies and convergence across markets.

The second generation of cell and gene therapy is one of multiple frontiers ARKG provides exposure to. Its also lacking in many old-school biotechnology ETFs.

New cell and gene therapy innovations could increase the total addressable market for oncology therapeutics by more than 20-fold, according to ARK Research.

The actively managed ARKG offers investors a thematic multi-capitalization exposure to innovative elements that cover advancements in gene therapy bio-informatics, bio-inspired computing, molecular medicine, and pharmaceutical innovations.

ARKG includes companies that merge healthcare with technology and capitalize on the revolution in genomic sequencing. These companies try to better understand how biological information is collected, processed, and applied by reducing guesswork and enhancing precision.

Interestingly, ARKG marries one disruptive technology with others.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Gleevec, an oral chemotherapy, after ten years of trials, seven years of which were in solid tumors. This timeline suggests that the FDA could approve the first CAR-T therapy for solid tumors in 2025, notes ARK. Because of artificial intelligence (AI), gene-editing, and next generation sequencing (NGS), failure rates and time-to-market should fall, accelerating approval rates.

The evolution of gene therapies from ex vivo to in vivo is another scenario worth monitoring in the coming years.

Unlike ex vivo, in vivo therapies cannot check edited cells before transduction. That said, in vivo gene therapy is more cost effective and easier to manufacture and scale. It also enables more access to the liver, eye, central nervous system (CNS), and muscles, concludes ARK.

For more on disruptive technologies, visit our Disruptive Technology Channel.

The opinions and forecasts expressed herein are solely those of Tom Lydon, and may not actually come to pass. Information on this site should not be used or construed as an offer to sell, a solicitation of an offer to buy, or a recommendation for any product.

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Unlock the Long-Term Genomics Runway with 'ARKG' - ETF Trends

Genomic Testing Cooperative Establishes a Program to Address Cancer Disparity by Offering Molecular Profiling to Minority Patients without Adequate…

IRVINE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Genomic Testing Cooperative, LCA (GTC) announced today that they are establishing a program offering comprehensive molecular profiling (DNA+RNA) testing to patients with cancer who are affected by cancer disparity and unable to pay due to lack of insurance or lack of coverage of this type of testing. Ethnic and racial minorities, impoverished people, sexual and gender minorities (LGBTQ) are typically affected more negatively with cancer. One of the reasons for this disparity is poor access to precision medicine and exclusion from clinical trials or studies evaluating the potential differences in the biology of their cancer.

GTC molecular profiling will provide the treating physicians and patients with proper diagnosis and classification of the tumor, help in determining prognosis, selecting therapy and in developing a strategy for treatment that is specific for the patient. The molecular profiling report provides information regarding potential clinical trials that will help the patients evaluate their options to participate and be treated in these clinical trials. Participation in this program will increase access of underserved patients and reduce disparity within community-based cancer care. In addition, the data generated from this program will be de-identified and made available to appropriate academic and scientific groups for the purpose of developing more personalized cancer treatment for minority groups of patients.

GTC is committed to donating 5% of its annual testing volume to this program. GTC is also establishing a donation fund allowing others to support this program and to increase the number of patients benefiting from this program. Individual donors and organizations can contribute to this program with 100% of the raised funds being used to pay for the actual cost of testing.

Patients must be nominated for this program by their physicians. Patients with solid tumors or hematologic neoplasms are eligible for testing. Hematologists/Oncologists can download a simple nomination form from the GTC website, fill in the required information and fax or e-mail to GTC. Patients can mention this program to their hematologists/oncologists and request nomination for this program.

Dr. Maher Albitar, GTC Chief Executive Officer and Chief Medical Officer, stated GTC is committed to making cancer molecular profiling available to all patients with cancer. We all know that patients seen in academic centers are different from real-world patients. Minority patients are not adequately represented in the process for developing innovative medicine nor in the implementation of state-of-the-art medicine. As a diagnostic company, we are doing our part by defining the precise molecular abnormalities that can be targeted but having access to the expensive targeted therapy is a different struggle. We are hoping that pharmaceutical companies will join our effort and do their part in providing the appropriate drugs to these patients and will develop a mechanism to recruit them in their clinical trials.

A recent study reported that one-third of disparities in survival between white and black patients with stage IV colorectal cancer is a product of treatment gaps (HemOnctoday, January 21/2021).

For downloading the patient nomination form, donations or more information, please visit our website genomictestingcooperative.com

About Genomic Testing Cooperative, LCA

Genomic Testing Cooperative (GTC) is a privately-owned molecular testing company located in Irvine, CA. The company operates based on a cooperative (co-op) business model. Members of the co-op hold type A shares with voting rights. The company offers its patron members a full suite of comprehensive genomic profiling based mainly on next generation sequencing. Molecular alterations are identified based on rigorous testing with the aid of specially developed algorithms to increase accuracy and efficiency. The clinical relevance of the detected alterations is pulled from numerous databases using internally developed software. Relevance of findings to diagnosis, prognosis, selecting therapy, and predicting outcome are reported to members. The co-op model allows GTC to make the testing and information platform available to members at a lower cost because of a lower overhead. For more information, please visit https://genomictestingcooperative.com/.

Forward Looking Statements

All of the statements, expectations and assumptions contained in this press release are forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the GTC managements current expectations and includes statements regarding the value of comprehensive genomic profiling, RNA profiling, DNA profiling, algorithms, therapy, the ability of testing to provide clinically useful information. All information in this press release is as of the date of the release, and GTC undertakes no duty to update this information unless required by law.

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Genomic Testing Cooperative Establishes a Program to Address Cancer Disparity by Offering Molecular Profiling to Minority Patients without Adequate...

Breast Cancer Gene Mutations Found in 30% of All Women – Medscape

CORRECTION February 4, 2020 // Editor's note: The original headline of this article incorrectly stated that breast cancer gene mutations were found in 30% of all women in a study. The mutations were found in 30% of women with breast cancer who were not at high risk of developing the disease.

New findings of breast cancer gene mutations in women who have no family history of the disease offer a new way of estimating risk and may change the way in which these women are advised on risk management.

The findings come from two large studies, both published on January 20 in The New England Journal of Medicine.

The two articles are "extraordinary" for broadening and validating the genomic panel to help screen women at risk for breast cancer in the future, commented Eric Topol, MD, professor of molecular medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, and Medscape editor-in-chief.

"Traditionally, genetic testing of inherited breast cancer genes has focused on women at high risk who have a strong family history of breast cancer or those who were diagnosed at an early age, such as under 45 years," commented the lead investigator of one of studies, Fergus Couch, PhD, pathologist at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

"[Although] the risk of developing breast cancer is generally lower for women without a family history of the disease...when we looked at all women, we found that 30% of breast cancer mutations occurred in women who are not high-risk," he said.

In both studies, mutations or variants in eight genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, BARD1, RAD51C, RAD51D, ATM, and CHEK2 were found to be significantly associated with breast cancer risk.

However, the distribution of mutations among women with breast cancer differed from the distribution among unaffected women, notes Steven Narod, MD, from the Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in an accompanying editorial.

"What this means to clinicians, now that we are expanding the use of gene-panel testing to include unaffected women with a moderate risk of breast cancer in the family history, is that our time will increasingly be spent counseling women with CHEK2 and ATM mutations," he writes. Currently these two are "clumped in with 'other genes'.... [M]ost of the pretest discussion is currently focused on the implications of finding a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation."

The new findings may lead to new risk management strategies, he suggests. "Most breast cancers that occur in women with a mutation in ATM or CHEK2 are estrogen receptor positive, so these women may be candidates for anti-estrogen therapies such as tamoxifen, raloxifene, or aromatase inhibitors," he writes.

Narod observes that for now, the management of most women with either mutation will consist of screening alone, starting with MRI at age 40 years.

The medical community is not ready yet to expand genetic screening to the general population, cautions Walton Taylor, MD, past president of the American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS).

The ASBrS currently recommends that all patients with breast cancer as well as those at high risk for breast cancer be offered genetic testing. "All women at risk should be tested, and all patients with pathogenic variants need to be managed appropriately it saves lives," Taylor emphasized.

However, "unaffected people with no family history do not need genetic testing at this time," he told Medscape Medical News.

As to what physicians might do to better manage patients with mutations that predispose to breast cancer, Taylor said, "It's surprisingly easy."

Every genetic testing company provides genetic counselors to guide patients through next steps, Taylor pointed out, and most cancer patients have nurse navigators who make sure patients get tested and followed appropriately.

Members of the ASBrS follow the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines when they identify carriers of a pathogenic variant. Taylor says these are very useful guidelines for virtually all mutations identified thus far.

"This research is not necessarily new, but it is confirmatory for what we are doing, and that helps us make sure we are going down the right pathway," Taylor said. "It confirms that what we think is right is right and that matters," he reaffirmed.

The study led by Mayo's Couch was carried out by the Cancer Risk Estimates Related to Susceptibility (CARRIERS) consortium. It involved analyzing data from 17 epidemiology studies that focused on women in the general population who develop breast cancer. For the studies, which were conducted in the United States, pathogenic variants in 28 cancer-predisposition genes were sequenced from 32,247 women with breast cancer (case patients) and 32,544 unaffected women (control persons).

In the overall CARRIERS analysis, the prevalence of pathogenic variants in 12 clinically actionable genes was 5.03% among case patients and 1.63% among control persons. The prevalence was similar in non-Hispanic White women, non-Hispanic Black women, and Hispanic case patients, as well as control persons, they add. The prevalence of pathogenic variants among Asian American case patients was lower, at only 1.64%, they note.

Among patients who had breast cancer, the most common pathogenic variants included BRCA2, which occurred in 1.29% of case patients, followed by CHEK2, at a prevalence of 1.08%, and BRCA1, at a prevalence of 0.85%.

Mutations in BRCA1 increased the risk for breast cancer more than 7.5-fold; mutations in BRCA2 increased that risk more than fivefold, the investigators state.

Mutations in PALB2 increased the risk of breast cancer approximately fourfold, they add.

Prevalence rates for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 among breast cancer patients declined rapidly after the age of 40. The decline in other variants, including ATM, CHEK2, and PALB2, was limited with increasing age.

Indeed, mutations in all five of these genes were associated with a lifetime absolute risk for breast cancer greater than 20% by the age of 85 among non-Hispanic Whites.

Pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 yielded a lifetime risk for breast cancer of approximately 50%. Mutations in PALB2 yielded a lifetime breast cancer risk of approximately 32%.

The risk of having a mutation in specific genes varied depending on the type of breast cancer. For example, mutations in BARD1, RAD51C, and RAD51d increased the risk for estrogen receptor (ER)negative breast cancer as well as triple-negative breast cancer, the authors note, whereas mutations in ATM, CDH1, and CHEK2 increased the risk for ER-positive breast cancer.

"These refined estimates of the prevalences of pathogenic variants among women with breast cancer in the overall population, as opposed to selected high-risk patients, may inform ongoing discussions regarding testing in patients with breast cancer," the BCAC authors observe.

"The risks of breast cancer associated with pathogenic variants in the genes evaluated in the population-based CARRIERS analysis also provide important information for risk assessment and counselling of women with breast cancer who do not meet high-risk selection criteria," they suggest.

The second study was conducted by the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) under lead author Leila Dorling, PhD, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. This group sequenced 34 susceptibility genes from 60,466 women with breast cancer and 53,461 unaffected control persons.

"Protein-truncating variants in 5 genes (ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and PALB2) were associated with a significant risk of breast cancer overall (P < .0001)," the BCAC members report. "For these genes, odds ratios ranged from 2.10 to 10.57," they add.

The association between overall breast cancer risk and mutations in seven other genes was more modest, conferring approximately twice the risk for breast cancer overall, although that risk was threefold higher for the TP53 mutation.

For the 12 genes the consortium singled out as being associated with either a significant or a more modest risk for breast cancer, the effect size did not vary significantly between European and Asian women, the authors note. Again, the risk forER-positive breast cancer was over two times greater for those who had either the ATM or the CHEK2 mutation. Having mutations in BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA1, PALB2, RAD51C, and RAD51D conferred a higher risk for ER-negative disease than for ER-positive disease.

There was also an association between rare missense variants in six genes CHEK2, ATM, TP53, BRCA1, CDH1, and RECQL and overall breast cancer risk, with the clearest evidence being for CHEK2.

"The absolute risk estimates place protein-truncating variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 in the high-risk category and place protein-truncating variants in ATM, BARD1, CHEK2, RAD51CC, and RAD51D in the moderate-risk category," Dorling and colleagues reaffirm.

"These results may guide screening as well as prevention with risk-reducing surgery or medication, in accordance with national guidelines," the authors suggest.

The CARRIERS study was supported by the National Institutes of Health. The study by Dorling and colleagues was supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs, among others. Narod has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

New Eng J Med. Published online January 20, 2021. Couch et al, Abstract; BCAC study, Full text; Editorial

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Breast Cancer Gene Mutations Found in 30% of All Women - Medscape

Beyond DNA: The rest of the story – Science Magazine

ILLUSTRATION: MICHELLE KONDRICH

The availability of a fully sequenced human genome and genome-wide analyses of genetic variation have made DNA-based ancestry tests possible. These consumer DNA tests are now widely marketed as a way to discover or confirm family history. But what do they really tell us about our past, and what do they leave out? We asked young scientists to tell us about their family traditions, stories, and culture, and how they understood their DNA test results in the context of their lived experiences. Their stories are below. To read more reflections by young scientists, find past NextGen Voices pieces at https://science.sciencemag.org/collection/nextgen-voices. Follow NextGen Voices on Twitter with hashtag #NextGenSci. Jennifer Sills

My family comes from Jamaica and the Virgin Islands. There is no meal I would rather have than my mom's home-cooked traditional Jamaican food. Now living in Florida, my mom grows many fruits and vegetables native to Jamaica in a garden that occupies her entire yard. When I visit, we spend most of our time together outside picking fresh mangoes, ackee (a tropical fruit grown in Jamaica), or whatever else happens to be in season. On Christmas, she makes oxtail (a kind of beef stew, my personal favorite), fried dumplings, and ackee with saltfish (its traditional complement of salted cod). These foods are well-spicedalthough not always spicyand flavorful.

Where my family originated is mostly hearsay, and the full history beyond a few generations is hard to trace. My DNA test results confirmed that we have some background in Europe and likely moved to the Caribbean through the slave trade. The details echoed a story on my mom's side of the family that one of our ancestors was the child of an Irish slave master and a woman he enslaved.

I have mixed feelings about the business model of consumer DNA test companies, which make their profit based on the use of others' genetic informationin my mind, the most personal information one can share. However, my mom really wanted me or my dad to do the test to see how that side of our ancestry looked. I chose a company that gives users more control over who can access the results. Of course, these tests are not as accurate for those of us from non-European backgrounds, but the results were roughly what I expected, and it is humbling to think about where our family began compared with where it is now.

Gregg Duncan Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. E-mail: gaduncan{at}umd.edu

My family is Han, the largest nationality of China. Like most families in China, we celebrate the Spring Festival (Chinese New Year) by gathering together to make and eat jiaozi (dumplings filled with vegetables and meat), which are shaped like ancient Chinese gold ingots to symbolize wealth. We hang festival couplets (two lines of poetry with the same number of words) that are painted along with intricate designs on red paper, and we put red lanterns and red candles on display throughout the house; the decorations symbolize happiness and protect us from the mythical monster named Nian, who is said to be afraid of the color red. While we wait for the New Year to arrive, we listen to Hebei Bangzi, the local opera, which sounds similar to the Beijing opera but is more difficult for people outside Hebei province to understand because the singers use pronunciations unique to the region. In my hometown (Shijiazhuang, Hebei), people of the same surname gather together to extend best wishes to their elders before the first sunrise of the new year.

Such traditions are a reminder that my surname (Ji) is not common in China. I hoped that finding out more about my family's origins would help to explain my unusual name. My DNA test results told me that 46.34% of my genome came from North China (Han), 20.13% from South China (Han), and 12.21% from Northeast Asia (Japan). I was disappointed that the results contained no detailed information that I found useful. I do not know how many Chinese people have a genetic pattern similar to mine, andunlike scientific researchthe company did not give me the raw data of my genome. Without more information about how the company analyzed my genomic data, I don't know what conclusions I can draw or even whether I should believe the test results.

Yongsheng Ji Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China. Email: jiys2020{at}ustc.edu.cn

Fifteen years ago, I probably would have said that my family didn't have a French cultural identity, despite being raised in France. Today, after having been expatriated 10 years in New Zealand, I can confirm that we have a strong French cultural identity, especially when it comes to food. Yet, after we returned to France 3 years ago, our attachment to our home country and its culture and traditions did not feel quite the same. I believe that we unintentionally took bits of New Zealand back to France with us.

Our ever-evolving celebration of Mardi Gras encapsulates our cultural journey. Before our move, we had always celebrated the French holiday in its traditional (if less religious) form. Around the end of February, we would make and eat loads of French crpes, and kids would dress up in festive costumes and attend the carnival. After our move, we discovered that New Zealanders do not observe Mardi Gras, so we adopted a different yet similar tradition, which was brought to the country from overseas and stuck: Halloween. Every year on the 31st of October, my eldest boy dressed up in a scary costume. But because good food is so deeply rooted in our culture, Halloween candy didn't feel sufficient. To supplement the prepackaged treats, we created our own tradition of the Halloween scary lunch. Each year, I would prepare a lunch box filled with funny and scary little monsters, skeletons, and ghosts made of pancakes, carved fruits, and (for the mummies) baked sausages in pastry strings.

Now back in France, we have resumed our celebration of Mardi Gras in February. The kids dress up for school and for carnivals, just like Halloween, but with an emphasis on festive instead of scary, and we make crpes, as we've done in the past. We've also kept our own multicultural family traditions. To adapt our New Zealand Halloween lunches, we now have a Halloween-themed French dinner in October. We've also updated the tradition of hiding a fve (trinket) in our galette des rois (king cake) by using a koru necklace (a traditional kiwi artifact) instead.

Our unique and changing traditions showed me that we could be open to incorporating new values and ideas when we learned the results of our DNA tests. My husband and I are both researchers in ecology and environmental genetics, manipulating DNA data daily and studying insect population genetics. It seemed only natural that we would want to see our own DNA test results. We originally thought that the genetic admixture might be quite high within our family home given that we were born 12,000 km apartI grew up in northern France, and he was raised on the French island of La Runion in the Indian Ocean. We were quite surprised by the results. For instance, I learned that I had ancestors from Italy and Scandinavia but very little French or Western European lineage, whereas my husband, despite being born in the Southern Hemisphere, has more Western European lineage than I do. (His results could perhaps be explained by the fact that half of the first settlers in La Runion were from Brittany.) Although my husband has ancestors in many parts of the world where I do not (such as India, Africa, and Indonesia), we share an unexpectedly high rate of ancestry from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). The results have not changed our lives, but it is interesting to know that, genetically, we are more an Iberian family than a French one! We now want to travel to and discover more about the culture of these southwestern parts of Europe and pass on this heritage to our children. As ecologists, we are curious about the natural and geological histories of the Iberian region, but we would make food an important part of the trip as well. They may not have French crpes in Portugal, but I have heard that the delicious bolo lvedo (Portuguese muffins) are not to be missed.

Marie-Caroline Lefort Cellule de Valorisation Pdagogique, Universit de Tours, Tours, France. Email: marie-caroline.lefort{at}univ-tours.fr

As a Jewish woman born in Iran and living in Israel, I feel connected to the ancient history of my people. Because it is rare to find an Iranian woman in science who keeps Jewish traditions, I feel a responsibility to manifest all the good that is in each part of my background.

My family celebrates the traditional holiday of Rosh Hashanah (the Jewish New Year). Wearing white clothing to symbolize purity, we light candles and look into the flames as we give thanks and ask for blessings in the coming year. We celebrate this contemplative holiday with a festive meal steeped in symbolism and tradition. We eat apples dipped in honey and pomegranates to symbolize our hopes for a sweet, peaceful, happy new year that is full of good deeds. The honey represents sweetness, and the apple tree is the only tree that has more fruit than leaves, reminding us that we should maximize our purpose in this world. The numerous seeds in pomegranates, a native fruit of ancient Persia, symbolize the many good deeds we should carry out during the coming year. We also make a traditional Iranian-Jewish stew out of quince, a native fruit of west Asia (including Iran and Israel) that looks like an apple. The sweet smell fills the entire house with a magical floral and fresh perfume. During Rosh Hashanah, the shofar (an ancient musical instrument typically made of a ram's horn) is blown 100 times. The sound marks the time to make our wishes for the new year, which we read in Hebrew.

My DNA test results show that I am mostly Persian, with a very small percentage (0.8%) of Egyptian in my ancestry. The data echo the Biblical and rabbinical stories that I consider my roots. Our cultural history tells us that our ancestors were in ancient Egypt for hundreds of years before moving to Israel with Moses. In 722 BCE, the Jews were exiled from Israel to other regions, including Iran. My father was born in a city that was first settled by the exiled Jewish people from Israel, and my mom is from a city that is well known in Iran as the site of the story of Esther and Mordechai, traditionally told during the holiday of Purim. My family moved to Israel after the revolution in Iran in 1979. My DNA results mirror both these ancient tales and my own family's story.

Ruty Mehrian-Shai Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Brain Cancer Molecular Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel. Email: ruty.shai{at}sheba.health.gov.il

I've always struggled with being identified as simply Indian. My name reflects my Indian heritage better than I do, as a Montreal-born, New York City native living in Louisiana. No DNA test could reflect the mix of American and Indian cultural practices that my family has created. Take, for example, American Thanksgiving, which my family co-opted when I was young and combined with a traditional West Bengali feast. At our table, we served the turkey alongside traditional Indian luchi (oil-fried puffed dough) and fusion dishes such as vegetarian shepherd's pie with Indian spices. Because my birthday falls near Thanksgiving, the meal was often followed by a turkey-shaped ice cream cake, Indian sweets like jalebi (a bright orange pretzel of fried sweet dough), gulab jamun (fried syrupy-sweet milk balls), and a spiced tea. We did adhere to the American tradition of overstuffing ourselves with food.

During the holiday, we listened to Bollywood pop, with high-pitched Indian women singing in Hindi or Bengali. Later in the season, my father would mix in some Nat King Cole or Frank Sinatra, or we would play an album from jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi. Being in Queens, I would always play Christmas in Hollis by the Queens-native hip-hop group Run DMC. My parents enjoyed it about as much as I did their Bollywood music, which is to say, not much.

In December, the large extended family of cousins, uncles, and aunts (all with a different honorific based on their birth position relative to my parents) would come over, each removing their shoes at the door out of respect. The men, in sweaters and ties, played bridge cross-legged in a corner on the floor. The women, in saris and their finest gold necklaces and earrings (gaudier than any of the jewelry worn by the hip-hip artists I worshiped), congregated in the dining area, where they teased each other, told stories in Bengali, and prepared meals. Food was served constantly from the moment the first guests arrived until they left. The smell of food cooking, mostly oil and spices, radiated and permeated through every fabric of the house. Chatter, the sounds of food frying, and playful arguing filled every room with noise. Our home was festively decorated; Santa Claus had equal billing with Durga, Kali, and Ganesh.

The kids watched American football or challenged each other to an Indian game called carrom, which is similar to billiards but played on a flat smooth table on the floor. Players use their fingers to flick flat wooden discs into different corner pockets. We would play different tournament styles and use a mix of Bengali and English to taunt and tease each other over missed shots or lucky wins.

Before our current chapter as Americans, my family's Indian past stretches back to time immemorial, but India has a complicated history of invasions and rule. I hoped a DNA test would help clarify some ancestry questions. I wanted the results to say 25% Genghis Khan, 25% Gandhi, 25% Alexander the Great, and 25% unknown. What I got was 64% Central Asian, 30% South Asian, 3% Eastern European, 2% Southeast Asian, and 1% Siberian. So, I could claim Genghis, Gandhi, and Alexander! But of course, not really. I wondered when and where the mingling of my different geographic ancestors took place and if the results were more a reflection of the current genetic reference populations in those areas. The DNA results didn't make me feel differently about my identity, and they were not as interesting as the results I received from a genetic profile that revealed an inversion in one of my chromosomes. That genetic result made me realize how hardy our genomes are and how similar we are as humans; even the 1% or so that makes each of us unique is almost meaningless when considering the bigger picture.

Prosanta Chakrabarty Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science, Baton Rouge, LA 708033216, USA. Email: prosanta{at}lsu.edu

ILLUSTRATION: MICHELLE KONDRICH

Born in South America, I identify as Latina and have always been aware of my mixed ethnicity. My family's celebration of Christmas and Novena (the previous 9 days, an important observance in Colombia) exemplifies our love of food, music, and dance. During the first 8 days, family and friends meet at different houses to share deep-fried cheesy dough and sweets. On Christmas day and the morning after, we eat homemade Colombian tamales wrapped in plantain leaves and boiled for hours, and we drink hot chocolatefirst adding salty cheese to the mugs and eating it with a spoon once it has melted (a delicacy unique to Bogot, Colombia's capital). Sometimes we also eat cheese arepas (flat corn bread) and almojabnas (cheese bread of Spanish-Arab origin). Meanwhile, my mum prepares about 20 liters of her famous ajiaco, a traditional soup from the Bogota plateau. She uses three kinds of potatoes (one of them endemic to the Northern Andes), guascas (Galinsoga parviflora), corn, chicken, capers, and cream. Toward the end of the day, the whole family gathers for a bowl of ajiaco. We admire our araucaria tree, decorated with lights and ornaments, and the creatively assembled nativity scene (often including llamas, lions, jaguars, and the occasional dinosaur) while waiting for midnight to come.

My family seems to carry music in our blood. There is always a moment when my uncle plays the guitar and everyone else joins in with percussion and voices, singing the melodies of cumbia, vallenato, and bambucomusical styles incorporating strings and accordions from Europe, wind instruments from Indigenous communities, and African drums. The upbeat tunes belie the bittersweet themes in the Spanish lyrics. Soon, everyone is dancing to the energetic, fast-moving rhythms of cumbia, salsa, and merengue. Salsa originated with the Latin and Afro-Latin son cubano and jazz musicians from the Bronx in the United States. The music later made its way to Colombia, where it developed into something new, incorporating cumbia and vallenato elements and a faster dancing style.

I took a DNA test because I work in the fields of population genomics and phylogenomics and thought it would be fun to see my own genome sequences. Half of the sites sequenced on my genome were assigned to populations in Spain, Morocco, and West Africa; the other half to Native American populations. The results were not a surprise, but they encouraged me to dig deeper into my family's history. I wish I could learn about and celebrate the Native American traditions of my ancestors, but most were never documented and are now lost. Important traditions are kept in the Amazon regions, such as chontaduro dancing, where communities share the chontaduro fruit (from the Bactris gasipaes palm) and drinks to celebrate abundance and usher in a good fishing season. Traditions around the cassava, plant growing seasons, and hunting also still take place, but because I grew up in the city, I don't feel personally connected to them. I do take pride in using the words from Quechua, Muisca, and even Arabic languages that have been assimilated into Colombian Spanish.

We knew my grandfather was Indigenous from the south (as the government labeled him back in the day), but the DNA test results suggest that our Indigenous ancestry could have been more recent and likely than we thought. I found the test interesting; I received a set of raw data that I can analyze myself, and the results brought my father and me together in a quest for the documents and stories surrounding my family.

Maria Fernanda Torres Jimenez Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Email: mftorres27{at}gmail.com

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Beyond DNA: The rest of the story - Science Magazine

Syngenta Crop Protection and Insilico Medicine to Harness Artificial Intelligence to Transform Sustainable Product Innovation – BioSpace

Feb. 3, 2021 07:00 UTC

BASEL, Switzerland--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Syngenta Crop Protection is collaborating with artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning company Insilico Medicine to accelerate the invention and development of new, more effective crop protection solutions that protect crops from diseases, weeds and pests, while also protecting ecosystems. By bringing new solutions to farmers faster and more efficiently through innovation, Syngenta will help them meet the ongoing challenges they face, in order to enhance productivity and meet global demand for affordable, quality food.

This collaboration with Insilico Medicine means that Syngenta can harness the immense potential and scope of AI to develop the next generation of sustainable crop protection solutions as part of Syngentas $2bn commitment to innovation and sustainability, said Camilla Corsi, Head Crop Protection Research at Syngenta. This will further transform agriculture by providing farmers around the world with the tools they need to produce healthy, nutritious, affordable and sustainably grown food in the most efficient way, while also minimizing the environmental impact.

Insilico Medicine has a proven track record and has delivered significant advances in pharmaceutical research, using AI and deep learning to design, synthesize and validate new ingredients. The same approach also has the potential to transform the development of new crop protection solutions that help keep plants safe, from planting to harvesting. Working closely with Syngenta, Insilico Medicine will use their AI-powered small molecule generative chemistry technology not only to invent molecules for active ingredients faster, but also actively design molecules that are more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

We are very happy to collaborate with a company that is dedicated to developing safe and sustainable solutions for growers, said Alex Zhavoronkov, PhD, founder, and CEO, Insilico Medicine. Our artificial intelligence is designed from the ground up to produce very precise chemistry to protect human health, while ensuring short-term and long-term safety. This expertise is extremely valuable for crop sciences, and especially so for businesses whose top priority is the safety of their products. Syngenta is a progressive company with many brilliant scientists, and we will be working together to use artificial intelligence for the benefit of agriculture.

Our reputation as a global leader in innovation is built on a foundation of collaboration and our understanding of the challenges faced by growers, Camilla Corsi also noted. Working together with Insilico Medicine, combining our skills, knowledge and technologies, will help ensure that new and more effective crop protection solutions will be in the hands of farmers sooner.

About Syngenta

Syngenta is one of the worlds leading agriculture companies, comprising of Syngenta Crop Protection and Syngenta Seeds. Our ambition is to help safely feed the world while taking care of the planet. We aim to improve the sustainability, quality and safety of agriculture with world class science and innovative crop solutions. Our technologies enable millions of farmers around the world to make better use of limited agricultural resources. Syngenta Crop Protection and Syngenta Seeds are part of Syngenta Group with 49,000 people in more than 100 countries and is working to transform how crops are grown. Through partnerships, collaboration and The Good Growth Plan we are committed to accelerating innovation for farmers and nature, striving for carbon neutral agriculture, helping people stay safe and healthy and partnering for impact.

To learn more visit http://www.syngenta.com and http://www.goodgrowthplan.com

Follow us on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/Syngenta and http://www.twitter.com/SyngentaUS

About Insilico Medicine

Insilico Medicine develops software that leverages generative models, reinforcement learning (RL), and other modern machine learning techniques for the generation of new molecular structures with specific properties. Insilico Medicine also develops software for the generation of synthetic biological data, target identification, and the prediction of clinical trials outcomes. The company integrates two business models; providing AI-powered drug discovery services and software through its Pharma.AI platform (www.insilico.com/platform/) and developing its own pipeline of preclinical programs. The preclinical program is the result of pursuing novel drug targets and novel molecules discovered through its platforms. Since its inception in 2014, Insilico Medicine has raised over $52 million and received multiple industry awards. Insilico Medicine has also published over 100 peer-reviewed papers and has applied for over 25 patents. Website http://insilico.com/

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Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This document may contain forward-looking statements, which can be identified by terminology such as expect, would, will, potential, plans, prospects, estimated, aiming, on track and similar expressions. Such statements may be subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause the actual results to differ materially from these statements. For Syngenta, such risks and uncertainties include risks relating to legal proceedings, regulatory approvals, new product development, increasing competition, customer credit risk, general economic and market conditions, compliance and remediation, intellectual property rights, implementation of organizational changes, impairment of intangible assets, consumer perceptions of genetically modified crops and organisms or crop protection chemicals, climatic variations, fluctuations in exchange rates and/or commodity prices, single source supply arrangements, political uncertainty, natural disasters, and breaches of data security or other disruptions of information technology. Syngenta assumes no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changed assumptions or other factors.

2021 Syngenta. Rosentalstrasse 67, 4002 Basel, Switzerland. The Syngenta logo are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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Syngenta Crop Protection and Insilico Medicine to Harness Artificial Intelligence to Transform Sustainable Product Innovation - BioSpace

Exploring the Importance of Finding a Molecular Target in Lung Cancer – Targeted Oncology

Brendon Stiles, MD, discusses the current landscape for treating patients with metastatic lung cancer.

Brendon Stiles, MD, a thoracic surgeon at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and an associate professor of cardiothoracic surgery at Weill Cornell Medicine, discusses the current landscape for treating patients with metastatic lung cancer.

Stiles states that there is an amazing number treatment options available in the metastatic setting. Understanding the molecular subtype of cancer in patients with metastatic disease is important for their treatment. There are targets such as EGFR,ALK,ROS,BRAF,NTRK,MET, andRET.There are multiple options when targeting rare alterations in this population. He says it gets to that principle of having to look for mutations to know if they are there.

Aside from targeted therapy, some patients are eligible for immunotherapy, which is a completely different paradigm based on PD-L1 expression and combination therapy, according to Stiles.

Stiles sees many patients in the late stages of their disease as part of the initial diagnosis phase or sometimes to perform a diagnostic procedure to uncover metastatic disease. There was a time when there wasnt good prognosis for patients with lung cancer. Now that oncologists have figured out the appropriate therapy for each type of patient, Stiles explains that he would like to see these treatments move into the early-stage setting. This is slowly starting to happen, he says, but its critical to know the histologic and molecular subtype of a patient with stage IV disease.

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Exploring the Importance of Finding a Molecular Target in Lung Cancer - Targeted Oncology

A Closer Look at the AI Hype Machine: Who Really Benefits? – Common Dreams

The poet Richard Brautigan said that one day we would all be watched over by "machines of loving grace". It was a nice sentiment at the time. But I surmise Brautigan might have done a quick 180 if he was alive today. He would see how intelligent machines in general and AI in particular were being semi-weaponized or otherwise appropriated for purposes of a new kind of social engineering. He would also likely note how this process is usually positioned as something "good for humanity" in vague ways that never seem to be fully explained.

As both a technologist and a journalist, I find it very difficult to think of transhumanism and what I'll call the New Eugenics as anything less than deeply and literally dehumanizing.

The hits, as they say, just keep on coming. Recently I ran across an article advising recent college graduates looking for jobs that they had better be prepared to have their facial expressions scanned and evaluated by artificial intelligence programs during and after interviews.

An article in the publication "Higher Ed" warned that: "Getting a job increasingly requires going through an interview on an AI platformIf the proprietary technology [used to ] to evaluate the recordings concludes that a candidate does well in matching the demeanor, enthusiasm, facial expressions or word choice of current employees of the company, it recommends the candidate for the next round. If the candidate is judged by the software to be out of step, that candidate is not likely to move on."

If this were happening in China, of course, it would be much less surprising. You don't have to be a Harvard-trained psychiatrist to see that this kind of technology is violating some very basic human boundaries: how we think and feel and our innermost and private thoughts. And you don't have to be a political scientist to see that totalitarian societies are in the business of breaking down these boundaries for purposes of social and political control.

Facial recognition has already been implemented by some law enforcement agencies. Other technology being used for social control starts out in the corporate world and then migrates. Given the melding of corporate and government power that's taken place in the U.S. over the last few decades, what's impermissible in government now can get fully implemented in the corporate world and then in the course of time bleeds over to government use via outsourcing and other mechanisms. It's a nifty little shell game. This was the case with the overt collection of certain types of data on citizens which was expressly forbidden by federal law. The way around it was to have corporations to do the dirty work and then turn around and sell the data to various government entities. Will we see the same thing happen with artificial intelligence and its ability to pry into our lives in unprecedented ways?

There is a kind of quasi-worship of technology as a force majeure in humanity's evolution that puts AI at the center of human existence. This line of thinking is now linked to the principles of transhumanism, a set of values and goals being pushed by Silicon Valley elites. This warped vision of techno-utopianism assures us that sophisticated computers are inherently superior to humans. Implicit in this view is the notion that intelligence (and one kind of intelligence at that) is the most important quality in the vast array of attributes that are the essential qualities of our collective humanity and longstanding cultural legacies.

The corporate PR frontage for these "breakthroughs" is always the same: they will only be used for the highest purposes like getting rid of plastics in the oceans. But still the question remains: who will control or regulate the use of these man-made creatures?

The most hardcore transhumanists believe that our role is simply to step aside and assist in the creation of new life forms made possible by hooking up human brains to computers and the Internet, what they consider to be an evolutionary quantum leap. Unfortunately, people in powerful corporate positions like Ray Kurzweil, Google's Director of Engineering, and Elon Musk, founder of Neuralink, actually believe in these convoluted superhero mythologies. This line of thinking is also beginning to creep into the mainstream thanks to the corporate-driven hype put forth by powerful Silicon Valley companies who are pushing these ideas for profit and to maintain technology's ineluctable "more, better, faster" momentum.

The transhumanist agenda is a runaway freight train, barely mentioned in the mainstream media, but threatening to run over us all. In related "mad science" offshoot, scientists have succeeded in creating the first biological computer-based hybrids called Xenobotswhich the New York Times describes as "programmable organisms" that "live for only about a week". The corporate PR frontage for these "breakthroughs" is always the same: they will only be used for the highest purposes like getting rid of plastics in the oceans. But still the question remains: who will control or regulate the use of these man-made creatures?In the brave new world of building machines that can think and evolve on their own because they combine AI programming with biological programming, we have to ask where all this is headed. If machines are being used to evaluate us for job interviews, then why won't they be eventually used as police officers or judges? (In fact, Singapore is now using robotic dogs to police parks for Covid-related social distancing.)

As both a technologist and a journalist, I find it very difficult to think of transhumanism and what I'll call the New Eugenics as anything less than deeply and literally dehumanizing. In the aftermath of WWII, eugenics used to be widely reviled when Nazi scientists experimented with and so highly valued it. Now it's lauded as cutting edge.There are two ugly flies in this ointment. The first is the question of who directs and controls the AI machines being built. You can make a safe bet that it won't be you, your friends, or your neighbors but rather technocratic elites. The second is the fact that programmers, and their masters, the corporate Lords of Tech, are the least likely candidates to come up with the necessary wisdom to imbue AI with the deeper human qualities necessary to make it anything more than a force used for social and political control in conjunction with mass surveillance and other tools.

Another consideration is: how does politics fit into this picture? In the middle ages, one of the great power shifts that took place was from medieval rulers to the church. In the age of the enlightenment, another shift took place: from the church to the modern state. Now we are experiencing yet another great transition: a shift of power from state and federal political systems to corporations and, by extension, to the global elites that are increasingly exerting great influence on both, the 1 percenters that Bernie Sanders frequently refers to.

When considering the use of any new technology, the question should be asked: who does it ultimately serve? And to what extent are ordinary citizens allowed to express their approval or disapproval of the complex technological regimes being created that we all end up involuntarily depending upon?

These trends have political implications because they have happened in tandem with the neoliberal sleight of hand that began with President Reagan. Gradually anti-democratic policy changes over a period of decades allowed elites to begin the process of transferring public funds to private coffers. This was done under the neoliberal smokescreen of widely touted but socially hollow benefits such as privatization, outsourcing, and deregulation bolstered by nostrums such as "Government must get out of the way to let innovation thrive."

Behind the scenes, the use of advanced technology has played a strong role in enabling this transition but it did so out of the public's watchful eye. Now, it seems abundantly clear that technologies such as 5G, machine learning, and AI will continue to be leveraged by technocratic elites for the purposes of social engineering and economic gain. As Yuval Harari, one of transhumanism's most vocal proponents has stated: "Whoever controls these algorithms will be the real government."

If AI is allowed to begin making decisions that affect our everyday lives in the realms of work, play and business, it's important to be aware of who this technology serves: technologically sophisticated elites. We have been hearing promises for some time about how better advanced computer technology was going to revolutionize our lives by changing just about every aspect of them for the better. But the reality on the ground seems to be quite different than what was advertised. Yes, there are many areas where it can be argued that the use of computer and Internet technology has improved the quality of life. But there are just as many others where it has failed miserably. Healthcare is just one example. Here misguided legislation combined with an obsession with insurance company-mandated data gathering has created massive info-bureaucracies where doctors and nurses spend far too much time feeding patient data into a huge information databases where it often seems to languish. Nurses and other medical professionals have long complained that too much of their time is spent on data gathering and not enough time focusing on healthcare itself and real patient needs.

When considering the use of any new technology, the question should be asked: who does it ultimately serve? And to what extent are ordinary citizens allowed to express their approval or disapproval of the complex technological regimes being created that we all end up involuntarily depending upon? In a second "Gilded Age" where the power of billionaires and elites over our lives is now being widely questioned, what do we do about their ability to radically and undemocratically alter the landscape of our daily lives using the almighty algorithm?

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A Closer Look at the AI Hype Machine: Who Really Benefits? - Common Dreams

Into The Darkness Is A Promising VR Adventure With Boneworks-Like Physics – UploadVR

Into The Darkness, a new indie VR game from Cosmos Games, promises a compelling story involving transhumanism in the near future merged with exciting VR action-adventure gameplay that uses a Boneworks-like physics system.

Announced this week, the game will be available for PC VR in late 2021, developed by Vietnamese studio Cosmos Games and published by GameBoom VR and PlayWay.

The game takes place in a dystopian sci-fi setting where humans are trying to move consciousness into machines in order to live forever. Heres a summary of the story from Cosmos Games:

Humanity is trying to achieve immortality by transferring consciousness to machines. Transhumanism, however, is a dangerous path, and a poorly conducted experiment can end in a tragedy. As agent Frank, you are sent to one of the research facilities with which contact has been interrupted, and the previous agents never returned. Navigate through environments, solve the puzzle, engage the enemy to find out the dark secret behind the experiments.

You can sneak an early look at the games visuals and gameplay in the announcement trailer embedded above.

As you can see from the trailer, Into The Darkness is looking to implement a comprehensive physics system that works similarly to pioneers in the field like Boneworks. All of the objects have weight and physics that react in a manner consistent with the real world. Towards the end of the trailer, theres even a glance at a Half-Life: Alyx-style glove system that lets you force pull items toward you.

Into The Darkness will launch for PC VR in Q2 of this year, available on Steam for Oculus Rift, Valve Index (including finger tracking support), HTC Vive, and Windows Mixed Reality headsets.

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Into The Darkness Is A Promising VR Adventure With Boneworks-Like Physics - UploadVR

Cyberpunk And GTA 2-Inspired "Glitchpunk" Enters Early Access This Year – TheGamer

A combination of the cyberpunk genre with GTA 2 is bound to be epic.

If the classic Grand Theft Auto 2 ever had a head-on collision with the cyberpunk genre, the explosion would probably result in Glitchpunk, the new video game recently announced by developer Dark Lord and publisher Daedalic Entertainment. The top-down dystopian action game is currently scheduled to careen into Steam Early Access sometime in the first half of this year.

With its cyberpunk theme and the look and feel of old-school GTA 2, Glitchpunk will let you "shoot, brawl, drive, steal and sneak yourself through a neon-soaked world full of gangs and cults, forging cooperations along the way," according to the press release. Youll get your first chance at test driving the game with the demo thatll be available during the Steam Games Festival, which is set to run from February 3-9 this year.

Related:Cyberpunk 2077: The 10 Best Gigs (And How To Start Them)

Glitchpunk is set in a dystopian near-future, where you are uploaded into the role of "a glitching android going against your own programming." As you might expect from a GTA-inspired game, youll encounter plenty of drug-crazed gangs, aggressive police, and irresponsible drivers while youre out performing various missions against megacorporations and repressive government factions. But more than that, youll also experience a thoroughly modern storyline involving "transhumanism, xenophobia, and religion," as well as "relationship, self-discovery and betrayal." Youll have the ability to affect the story through your choices, resulting in changes to the game world, the addition of new friends and enemies, and possibly even finding love.

Glitchpunk will feature a variety of weapons and other implements of destruction for you to use through the settings of four different cities, including the desert ruins of an American city, and a post-nuclear winter cyberpunk city somewhere in Soviet Russia. Youll of course have access to numerous cars to get to and around these cities in, and youll be able to find and drive many other types of vehicles, such as buses, motorcycles, tanks, trains, and trucks. And with the games 10 wanted levels, youll most likely be making use of all of them quite often.

Other Glitchpunk features include a hacking system that will allow you to take over common devices and other android citizens as well. A total of 12 gangs inhabit the game, and each has its own culture, story, and agenda. How you choose to interact (or not) with these gangs will play into which one of the multiple game endings you wind up with. An in-game radio station will also be available, playing a mix of artists from all over the world, along with news and goofy commercials.

For more info on Glitchpunk, head over to the games Steam page, and follow Daedalic Entertainments Twitter and YouTube channels.

Source: Daedelic Entertainment

Next:Yakuza Producer Hiroyuki Sakamoto Puts Cyberpunk 2077 In His List Of Favorite 2020 Games

Genshin Impact: Pro Tips For Playing As Xiao

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Cyberpunk And GTA 2-Inspired "Glitchpunk" Enters Early Access This Year - TheGamer

‘Glitchpunk’ will see players take to the neon streets from a top-down view – NME

A new top-down cyberpunk game is set for release in the second quarter of the year.

Glitchpunk is a new top-down action game from studio Dark Lord. Its based on the retro style of GTA and GTA2, the predecessors to the 3D open world GTA games that have in turn inspired modern action games such as Grand Theft Auto 5.

A trailer that explores the action in the game is available via Youtube below:

Glitchpunk pits the player as an android bounty hunter with a glitch that causes them to rebel against their programming, and facing off against the government and megacorps of the dystopian setting.

Like GTA2, the game will have you stealing cars, shooting enemies, sneaking around, and upgrading your body with tech to make you a formidable android.

The developers Dark Lord are aiming to make the game true to the genre, by telling a story that covers transhumanism, xenophobia, and religion with a narrative that lets you influence the world, make friends and find love.

Listed amongst the key features are confirmation that there will trains, tanks, motorbikes and busses, and that the gameplay will take place in four different cities including USA and Russia.

Glitchpunk is going to launch into Steam Early Access in the second quarter of 2021. A Discord server is available for players who want to keep up to date with all the games progress.

As part of the Steam Game festival next week, there will be a demo for Glitchpunk released on February 3.

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'Glitchpunk' will see players take to the neon streets from a top-down view - NME

NASA Is Offering Up To $500K To Figure Out How To Provide Astronauts With Fresh Food In Deep Space – Delish.com

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Do you have a passion for food? (Hello, yes you do, that's why you're here!!). How about a passion for space travel? Well if you're savvy enough about both, NASA wants to give you up to $500,000 to figure out a way to get astronauts fresh food while on deep space missions. No biggie, right?

It's called "The Deep Space Food Challenge" and it's designed to help NASA figure out how to provide "future space explorers and people on Earth nutritious foods they will enjoy" so they don't always have to rely on that freeze-dried stuff while hanging out in deep space.

Fresh fruit and veggie deliveries "provide profound psychological benefits," according to the paper Space Food for Thought: Challenges and Considerations for Food and Nutrition on Exploration Missions. Such deliveries would be virtually impossible on a deep space mission, such as one to Mars, according to UPI, and any method to produce food on a spaceship would face time, space, and environmental restrictions due to the nature of these ships.

That's where you come in! Solve the problem of figuring out how to get fresh and healthy food that can safely and easily be grown and harvested on a ship and you've got yourself a winner! The competition's page also notes that such a solution, which would make efficient use of volume, water, and other constraints, could be used to benefit areas facing hunger and food shortages on Earth. Win-Win!

If you're up for the challenge, you must register by May 28, and your Phase 1 ideas must be submitted by July 30. NASA will give $25,000 to up 20 of their favorite ideas from this round and they'll be asked to go on to Phase 2. More info here, BTW. Good luck!!

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NASA Is Offering Up To $500K To Figure Out How To Provide Astronauts With Fresh Food In Deep Space - Delish.com

An art lover dreams of space – MIT News

It started with a movie. Supernovas filled the screen and exploded with galactic color. The voice of Neil DeGrasse Tyson narrated the beginning of the universe. At only 14 years old, Alana Sanchez was hooked.

Prior to high school, Sanchez was primarily interested in visual arts and movies. She taught herself animation and aspired to work in the creative realm. However, her dreams quickly transformed after watching the popular science documentary, Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey. Today, Sanchez is an MIT senior majoring in physics with a focus on astronomy. After watching Cosmos, I fell in love with space. I got really into STEM after that, says Sanchez.

Her fascination with space increased as she took on her Florida high schools AP Physics curriculum. While she occasionally struggled as the only female student and student of color in her class, Sanchez says her passion helped her through the course. I wasnt the best student in my physics class, but I was the most interested one, she says.

Sanchez transitioned to MIT by first attending Interphase EDGE, an enrichment program for newly admitted students. She credits the program for helping her meet other students from underrepresented groups, as well as her closest friends. Sanchez also has been a resident of McCormick Hall, the only all-female dormitory on campus, since her first year. McCormick is a major hub for meeting people from all types of different backgrounds. Getting involved with the community has been one of the highlights of my MIT experience, she says.

While Interphase and McCormick helped her find her first friends at MIT, Sanchez remembers her first classes as being particularly difficult. The heightened challenges of physics class began to push her away from the topic. She often experienced self-doubt about her skills. Eventually, she decided to take 8.282 (Introduction to Astronomy) with Professor Anna Frebel, who was Sanchezs first female professor at MIT. The class reinvigorated Sanchez. Frebel began the course by presenting pictures of herself alongside telescopes around the world, reminding Sanchez what she, too, was capable of accomplishing.

In the end, it was my motivation that got me through the beginning, rather than innate talent, says Sanchez. I saw my professors work and knew that thats what I wanted to do. I decided I just had to stay motivated and keep going.

She has this message to other MIT students who may be facing similar moments of imposter syndrome: Youre struggling against the smartest kids youve ever known. Youre not alone, and a grade is not a reflection of who you are or your abilities.

Sanchez also credits doing research for giving her more confidence as a student. Her first project was with the MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, and focused on identifying exoplanets planets outside of our solar system. Exoplanets can be identified when they move in front of a red dwarf, since theres a shift in light output, Sanchez explains. The data can then be used to help researchers catalog characteristics about exoplanets, some of which might be habitable.

While Sanchez found the research interesting, she knew that any exoplanet she discovered would be unapproachable in a human lifetime. She decided she wanted to pivot toward working on research with a more immediate impact.

Her desire was fulfilled with another project she pursued the summer before her junior year. Drawing upon her early interests in visual arts and space, Sanchez finally found a subject to make her two worlds unite. The project, led by Professor Michael Person, the head of the MIT Wallace Astrophysical Observatory, focused heavily on fieldwork. Sanchez and the group often traveled together to Waltham, Massachusetts, to use the local telescope and take pictures of the night sky. Most of what we know about stars comes from light recordings and images, she adds.

For one notable event, Sanchezs team collaborated with 10 other observatories to track the transit of Titan, one of Saturns moons, as it moved in front of a local star. With these images, the team predicted when and where this transit would be witnessed again. NASA then used the teams projected coordinates to fly their telescope to the next observation site. It was amazing to see the tangible effect our data could make. It was more along the lines of research I could see myself doing into the future, she says.

Today, Sanchez works with the Space Enabled research group in the MIT Media Lab. The group focuses on designing accessible space systems that advance the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Sanchezs own work combines her technical and visualization expertise to create a sustainable rocket fuel source out of beeswax. The mission is to incentivize the deorbiting of retired satellites, since many are left as dangerous waste in our atmosphere. Her labs fuel will be tested on the upcoming Blue Origin flight and on the International Space Station this year.

Our group was theorizing how to use materials that may already be present in satellites to help them deorbit, such as the wax in the units insulation, explains Sanchez. By turning the leftover wax into a fuel source, it could mitigate costs and make deorbiting more efficient.

Sanchez also continues to incorporate imaging into her research. To turn the wax into a fuel source, we heat and spin it until it slowly solidifies and forms a fuel grain. We can track the solidification process based on videos that I take with a GoPro camera, she says, enthusiastically.

When she isnt doing research, Sanchez pursues her interest in art as a public programming assistant in the MIT Program in Art, Culture, and Technology. Her help behind the scenes, from website to installation management, allows visual artists to share their work with the MIT community. The best part of the job, she adds, is getting to witness these presentations, which have included a variety of movie screenings, performance art, and visual displays.

Sanchez is currently applying for PhD programs in aerospace engineering. Sustainability in space continues to be her key focus, inspired by her work with Space Enabled. While most of her chosen programs are focused on real-world applications for space travel, Sanchez still admits to being fueled by her childhood curiosity in what lies beyond our atmosphere.

I think the biggest thing that drew me to space research is trying to understand the universe. Why is it that this planet can sustain life, while others are barren wastelands? she ponders. While we can appreciate Earth, most of us will never be able to experience space in our lifetime.

So, whats out there?

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An art lover dreams of space - MIT News

Apes, robots and men: the life and death of the first space chimp – The Conversation AU

On January 31, 1961, an intrepid chimpanzee called Ham was launched on a rocket from Cape Canaveral in the United States, and returned to Earth alive. In this process, he became the first hominin in space.

In the 1950s, it was unclear whether humans could survive outside Earth both physically and mentally. The science fiction writer and warfare expert Cordwainer Smith wrote about the psychological pain of being in space.

Plants, insects and animals had been taken to high altitudes in balloons and rockets since the 18th century. The Soviet Union sent the dog Laika into orbit on Sputnik 2 in 1957. She died, but from overheating rather than the effects of space travel itself.

Read more: How animal astronauts paved the way for human space flight

While the USSR focused on dogs, the US turned to chimpanzees as they were the most like humans. The stakes became higher when US President John F. Kennedy promised to land humans on the Moon by the end of the 1960s.

Ham was born in 1957 in a rainforest in the Central African nation of Cameroon, then a French territory. He was captured and taken to an astronaut school for chimps at Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico.

The astrochimps were trained to pull levers, with a banana pellet as a reward and an electric shock to the feet for failure. The chosen chimp would test life support systems and demonstrate that equipment could be operated during spaceflight. Ham showed great aptitude, and was selected the day before the flight.

On January 31, 1961, Ham was launched into space, strapped into a capsule inside the nosecone of a Mercury-Redstone rocket. The rocket travelled at 9,000km/h, and reached an altitude of 251km. The whole flight took 16 minutes from launch to return.

Throughout the journey Ham was obliged to pull a lever. He received two shocks for not doing this correctly, out of 50 pulls. He achieved this with a 16cm rectal thermometer in place to monitor his temperature.

He experienced 6.6 minutes of free fall and 14.7_g_ of acceleration on descent much greater than predicted. The biomedical data showed Ham experienced stress during acceleration and deceleration.

Jane Goodall, an expert in primate behaviour, said she had never seen such terror in a chimps expression. However, Ham was calm when weightless.

Ham survived the flight itself, but nearly drowned when the capsule started filling with water after its ocean splashdown. Fortunately, the helicopter recovery team reached him in time. Hams treat on emerging from the spacecraft was an apple, which he devoured eagerly.

After his flight, Ham lived for 20 years by himself, in a zoo in Washington DC. People wrote him letters, and some were answered by zoo staff signed with Hams fingerprint. In 1980 he was sent to another zoo to live with a group of chimps. He died in 1983 at the age of 26.

A proposal to stuff and display his body was abandoned after an outcry. But he did undergo a postmortem. Hams flesh was stripped from his skeleton, cremated, and buried at the Space Hall of Fame in Almogordo, New Mexico. The National Museum of Health and Medicine in Washington DC retains his bones.

Ham sits at an interesting intersection of race, gender and species. Ham was an acronym for Holloman Aero Medical, but as American philosopher of science Donna Haraway has pointed out, Hams name inevitably recalls Noahs youngest and only black son.

While the chimps were in training at the Holloman Airforce Base, women were actively excluded from spaceflight. Pilot Jerrie Cobb said she would take the place of one of the chimps if it meant having a shot at space.

Read more: Almost 90% of astronauts have been men. But the future of space may be female

The astronauts of the 1960s Mercury program felt their masculinity threatened by performing the same tasks as chimps. In a scene from the 1983 film The Right Stuff, based on Tom Wolfes book for which he did extensive interviews with the astronauts, one says:

Well none of us wants to think that theyre going to send a monkey up to do a mans work what theyre trying to do to us is send a man up to do a monkeys work.

In the I Dream of Jeannie episode Fly me to the Moon (1967), astronauts Tony Nelson and Roger Healey train Sam the chimp for spaceflight.

They are envious that Sam gets to go to the Moon before them. He cant make any decisions, we might as well have a robot up there, says Major Nelson.

This refers to an ongoing battle among both Soviet and US astronauts about how much autonomy they would have as pilots. On both sides of the Iron Curtain, being controlled by machines was felt to diminish masculinity.

Chimps in space also threatened the accepted evolutionary order. In some versions of the famous March of Progress illustration of human evolution, the first figure is a knuckle-walking ape and the last is an astronaut. Ham was leapfrogging to the front of the evolutionary queue in a Planet of the Apes-style interspecies competition.

Hams spaceflight made him more than animal, but still less than human.

A mere 10 weeks after Hams feat, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space when he orbited Earth on April 12. On November 26, Enos the chimp completed an orbit.

We dont send animals into orbit any more as proxies for human experience. But there is one chimp still in space. The calls of a wild chimp were recorded on the Voyager Golden Records, now heading out beyond the Solar system.

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SpaceX to fly four space tourists by end of the year – MarketWatch

Space Exploration Technologies Corp. said Monday it will send four space tourists to orbit later this year on a mission to raise awareness for a childrens hospital.

SpaceX said the launch will take place no earlier than the fourth quarter. Jared Isaacman, founder and chief executive of Shift4 Payments Inc. FOUR, +2.79%, is paying for the flight and donating three seats aboard SpaceXs Dragon spacecraft to members of the general public, who will be announced in the weeks ahead, the company said. Isaacman, a trained pilot, will be the flights commander.

When youve got a brand new mode of transportation, you have to have pioneers, Elon Musk, CEO of SpaceX and Tesla Inc. TSLA, -0.55%, told NBC News in an interview aired Monday night. Things are expensive at first, and as youre able to increase the launch rate, increase the production rate, refine the technology, it becomes less expensive and accessible to more people.

Aspiring astronauts are being asked to either donate to St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital or to launch an online store and share an inspirational business story on Twitter for a chance to win a seat.

Billionaire Isaacman didnt say how much hes paying for the flight, but said hes pledging $100 million to St. Jude and hoping to raise an additional $100 million for the hospital.

I appreciate this tremendous responsibility that comes with commanding this mission and I want to use this historic moment to inspire humanity while helping to end childhood cancer here on Earth, Isaacman told NBC News.

A former NASA astronaut will also be on board, the Associated Press reported. The flight will travel across a low Earth orbit on a multi-day journey, SpaceX said.

SpaceX said the crew will receive commercial astronaut training, including mission simulations and emergency preparedness training.

The flight path will be carefully monitored at every step by SpaceX mission control and at the end of the mission the spacecraft will do a soft water landing off the coast of Florida, the company said.

Isaacmans company, Shift4 Payments, had its initial public offering in June after delaying the IPO a few months because of the pandemic. The company handles payments for hotels, resorts, restaurants and other leisure-related businesses.

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SpaceX to fly four space tourists by end of the year - MarketWatch

Everything we know about Blue Origin, Jeff Bezos’ space exploration firm – Business Insider – Business Insider

Jeff Bezos announced Tuesday that he was going to devote more time to his rocket company Blue Origin after stepping down as Amazon CEO later this year.

In a letter to Amazon employees, Bezos said that as Amazon's executive chairman he will "stay engaged in important Amazon initiatives but also have the time and energy I need to focus" on projects such as Blue Origin, the Washington Post, his Day 1 Fund, and the Bezos Earth Fund.

Bezos will therefore be more involved in Blue Origin's stated goal of transforming space travel. It wants to continue to build more rockets and engines to launch people, and other payloads, beyond Earth's orbit, and to ultimately colonize the solar system.

"We're committed to building a road to space so our children can build the future," the company says on its website.

Blue Origin is an American aerospace manufacturer and spaceflight company headquartered in Kent, Washington. It's owned by Bezos and is currently headed by CEO Bob Smith.

Bezos, the world's second-richest person, founded Blue Origin in September 2000, with the goal of making space travel cheap, frequent, and more accessible, through reusable launch systems.

Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos in 2019. MARK RALSTON/AFP via Getty Images

Bezos said in a 2018 interview with Axel Springer that the spaceflight company was his "most important work," more important than Amazon.

"I'm pursuing this work because I believe if we don't, we will eventually end up with a civilization of stasis, which I find very demoralizing," he said.

The billionaire's passion for his space-travel company stems from his childhood. Insider's Dave Mosher reported in 2018 that Bezos spent his childhood summers on his grandparents' large ranch in South Texas learning about machinery. He also went to the local library to read science fiction novels about space exploration.

Blue Origin's motto is "Gradatim Ferociter," Latin for "step by step, ferociously."

Bezos often uses the hashtag in his Instagram posts about the firm.

Blue Origin has a host of projects in the pipeline for Bezos to get stuck into.

NASA greenlighted Blue Origin in December for future Earth observation missions, planetary expeditions, and satellite launches with its New Glenn rocket, taking the space company one step closer to the stars.

In May, Blue Origin was awarded $1 billion from NASAto produce initial designs for a human-landing system for the Artemis 3 mission, which aims to land humans on the moon in 2024.

Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos. John Locher/AP and Odd Andersen/AFP via Getty Images

Blue Origin is competing against Elon Musk's SpaceX and Alabama-based Dynetics to land NASA astronauts on the moon in 2024. Bezos said in an Instagram post in December the company could possibly take the first woman there, too.

Read more: Meet the Washington Post executive working with Jeff Bezos to turbocharge the media titan's IT system

The aerospace firm was also among 17 US companies to be picked by NASA in November to develop new tech for space missions to "the moon and beyond." The selected companies will get access to NASA's testing facilities and expertise, which it valued at about $15.5 million.

Bezos is pouring billions into the design, building, and launching of Blue Origin's orbital and suborbital space vehicles.

Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty Images

The company's New Shepard suborbital rocket, named after Alan Shepard, who was the first American to go into space, ultimately aims to offer a 100-kilometer (62-mile) journey above Earth's surface that lasts 11 minutes.

The most recent successful flight of New Shepard was on January 14, when it carried a crash-test dummy named "Mannequin Skywalker" into space.

The New Glenn rocket, named after pioneering astronaut John Glenn, is a 310-foot reusable heavy-lift launch vehicle that can carry payloads to orbit.

Blue Origin said that New Glenn is designed for a minimum of 25 flights, and can lift 45 tons into low-Earth orbit as a comparison, SpaceX's Falcon Heavy can lift 70 tons into low-Earth orbit. It's expected to be launched in 2021.

In 2019, Bezos unveiled a giant lunar lander called "Blue Moon" that he said is "going to the moon" and would help Blue Origin populate space. The final goal is to establish what the company calls a "sustained human presence" on the moon.

Blue Origin has also developed five rocket engines since its founding - BE-1, BE-2, BE-3, BE-4, and BE-7. In line with the company's reusability objective, the engines are designed for multiple uses and are tested at its test site in Van Horn, Texas.

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The Space Opera Was Dying. Then ‘The Expanse’ Transformed the Genre For a New Generation. – Esquire

When Ty Franck and Daniel Abraham started to collaborate, turning Franck's long-running role-playing game into a novel called Leviathan Wakes, their friends warned them they were wasting their timebecause space opera was a dying genre.

Still Franck and Abraham persevered, selling Leviathan Wakes to Orbit Books under the pen name James S.A. Corey. When the book was published, the front cover sported a quote from George R.R. Martin: "It's been too long since we've had a really kickass space opera."

Now, of course, Leviathan Wakes has been followed by eight sequels and a TV show, The Expanse, whose fifth season ends tonight. And the shelves at your local bookstore are crammed with kickass space operas by authors like Valerie Valdes, Becky Chambers, Ann Leckie, Yoon Ha Lee, Arkady Martine, Kameron Hurley, Nicky Drayden, Karen Lord, Tim Pratt, John Scalzi, Nnedi Okorafor, and Karen Osborne.

The Expanse - Season 5

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A lot of these new space opera books share some of the same DNA as Corey's Expanse series: they feature underdog characters, who are just trying to get paid, or survive, or get justicethey aren't exactly crisp-uniformed explorers like Captain Kirk, or chosen ones like Luke Skywalker. These books also feature somewhat more realistic physics, with way less hand-wavingfor example, faster-than-light travel is usually impossible without some kind of wormhole. And these books often have a touch of weirdness and body horror, along the lines of The Expanse's alien protomolecule.

Meanwhile, media space opera has given us a new wave of shows about down-on-their-luck adventurers, like Killjoys, Vagrant Queen, etc. etc. Star Trek is back, and a little dirtier and messier than it used to be.

In their introduction to the 2007 anthology The New Space Opera, Gardner Dozois and Jonathan Strahan note that space opera was born during the "full flowering of the British Empire... and the settling of the West." The first great space opera novel, Skylark of Space by E.E. "Doc" Smith, was written in 1915, right as one of the genre's pioneers, Jack Williamson, was traveling west in a horse-drawn wagon. Later, in The New Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, Williamson wrote that space opera was the "expression of the mythic theme of human expansion against an unknown and uncommonly hostile frontier."

The New Space Opera

Space opera has always carried a lot of baggage, thanks to its roots in imperialism, colonialism and the myth of the rugged explorer who brings civilization with him. It didn't help that Smith started introducing themes of eugenics into his Lensmen novels, and notoriously racist editor John W. Campbell inserted his ideas of the "superior man" into many of space opera's formative works.

There was no room for ordinary people in a lot of classic space operajust square-jawed heroes and demigods. And when space opera enjoyed a resurgence in the 1990s and early 2000s, there was no longer any room for humans at all: these stories were populated entirely by immortal posthumans, all-knowing artificial intelligences, and badass cyborgs. As science learned more about the difficulties of space travel, we could no longer imagine regular people being able to travel among the stars.

So the rise of space opera about ordinary human beings, who are often just trying to get by, is doubly worth celebrating.

Author Nicky Drayden tells me she wrote Escaping Exodus in part because she dreamed of "seeing myself on a spaceship as something other than a side character." As a young Black nerd in the 1980s, she watched shows like V and Buck Rogers, but never felt like their visions of the future included her. With her novel and its sequel, Escaping Exodus: Symbiosis (out this month), she felt free to "explore race, class, and sexuality within an all Black, queer, matriarchal society that happens to live in the belly of a space-breathing, tentacled beast the size of a small moon."

At its best, this new wave of space opera doesn't just offer alternatives to those old themes of manifest destinybut also offers a critique of them. In the fourth James S.A. Corey novel, Cibola Burn, the thuggish Murtry makes a speech in which he says he and his fellow explorers don't bring civilization with them, they build it. "And while we're building it, a whole lot of people die." This speech is presented, almost verbatim, in the television show, and in both cases, Holden responds by taking Murtry down.

Victories Greater Than Death (Unstoppable Book 1)

The Expanse combines its cast of blue-collar characters with plausible physicsand the scientific realism makes the heroes' struggles feel that much more believable. "I feel like there should be a connectionthat realism in issues of labor and class are related to issues of realism in science and technologybut I keep coming up with exceptions," co-author Daniel Abraham tells me. The "working class touchstones" for The Expanse, Alien and Alfred Bester's The Stars My Destination, both "play fast and loose with their scientific rigor."

Also, don't discount the weirdnessThe Expanse, and a lot of other recent space epics, throw in some truly bizarre alien artifacts alongside their plausible space flight. Drayden says writing about space-travelers living amongst a monster's gut flora allowed her to be "as weird and nerdy as I want."

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We love space opera, in part, for its escapism and funso it's a good thing that alongside the grimy social realism of The Expanse and other recent adventures, we've also seen a flowering of colorful, joyfully unrealistic storytelling. Animated shows like Steven Universe and She-Ra and the Princesses of Power have taken over our eyeballs, alongside young adult adventures like Aurora Rising, Once and Future and Bonds of Brass, not to mention Catherynne M. Valente's gloriously campy Eurovision-in-space novel Space Opera.

This is an amazing time for anyone who loves seat-of-your-spacesuit adventures and star-spanning voyages. And it's just getting started. As Drayden tells me, "I look forward to reading the mind-blowing tales that happen when you open the future up to everyone."

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The Space Opera Was Dying. Then 'The Expanse' Transformed the Genre For a New Generation. - Esquire

Space tourism on cards soon as Virgin Galactic tests new flights – Happytrips

The company, run by Richard Branson, said, "The flight window will open on February 13 with opportunities to fly throughout February, pending good weather conditions and technical readiness". He further informed space tourism enthusiasts that pre-flight preparation is already underway at Spaceport America in New Mexico.

The company also added that their space flight would test remedial work first, and then call the future astronauts to join in. Apparently, SpaceShipTwo, as they call it, was expected to take its first passengers into space later this year.

Till now, 600 people have already paid nearly $250000 for the upcoming journey and the space company calls them "future astronauts", who have been waiting for years to take off. In 2014, the development of the flight was delayed due to a devastating crash of the first spacecraft that was attributed to the pilots error.

As soon as the spacecraft is fully functional, it will be taken up in the sky by another special plane and it will be released at high altitude. After a few seconds, the spaceship will leave and ignite its engine and go upward into the space. It definitely seems like we are looking at the future of travel world.

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Space tourism on cards soon as Virgin Galactic tests new flights - Happytrips