Opinion: Set high expectations of women engineers and they’ll meet them – The Mercury News

Almost every woman in engineering Ive talked to knows the pressure of having to prove herself.

She knows what its like to be meticulously perfect in her calculations, and to accept that regardless of her intelligence, her work will be checked again by someone who doesnt trust her.She knows that at the end of the day, mistakes hold more weight than they should.

I say almost every woman because I am one of the few that has rarely experienced this. Im lucky. Im an anomaly.

Bioengineering at Santa Clara University has a relatively large percentage of female students, compared to the other engineering disciplines. Im not intimately familiar with gender tensions in the classroom because there arent any in the classes I take, and I rarely feel the need to prove that I am better than the men I work with.

My mentors dont expect me to make mistakes, and are genuinely surprised when I do. Im not pressured to be perfect, but at the same time, the expectations for the work I do are just as high as anyone elses. The psychological effects of this are subtle, but theyve shaped how I perceive my own abilities, goals, and expectations.

Because Im held to an equal standard, I believe that I am equal. For that reason, I have my mentors to thank for my experiences as a woman in engineering. I realize that theyve given me what they didnt have, and I owe them much of who I am today.

It wasnt that easy for my mentors, and for many women today. My mentors have had to fight expectations to get where they are, and to defy the underlying notion that women just arent as smart and thats why they dont hold as many positions in engineering.

However, its not an IQ problem. Its an expectation that women just cant compete at the same level. This expectation is subtle, and its ingrained whether we realize it or not.

Its unintentional, intangible, and ever-present. Yet its effects are far reaching; being constantly undervalued and coddled teaches young girls that its okay to strive for less than the best, and to settle for goals that theyve been told are more realistic than the ones they would like to reach.

The women that inspire me hold me to a higher standard, and expect me to reach for whats unreachable. In doing so, they gave me the confidence to pursue engineering and taught me that I need to do the same forthe next generation.

We cant treat little girls differently from the boys that radiate confidence because its hard to be confident when youre expected to under perform. Instead, expect them to set impossible goals, and dont wait on the sidelines for them to fail. Expect them to compete at the same level, and be disappointed when they dont.

If we change our expectations, I guarantee you the next generation will meet them.

Shiyin Lim, a sophomore at Santa Clara University majoring in bioengineering, is part of Blue Marble Space Institute of Sciences Young Scientist Program focusing on research in space biosciences. She wrote this for The Mercury News.

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Oral delivery system could make vaccination needle-free – Medical Xpress

March 8, 2017 The MucoJet could one day make vaccine delivery needless. Credit: Stephen McNally/UC Berkeley

Patients could one day self-administer vaccines using a needleless, pill-sized technology that jet-releases a stream of vaccine inside the mouth, according to a proof-of-concept study conducted at UC Berkeley.

The study did not test vaccine delivery in people, but demonstrated that the technology, called MucoJet, is capable of delivering vaccine-sized molecules to immune cells in the mouths of animals. The technology is a step toward improved oral vaccine delivery, which holds the promise of building immunity in the mouth's buccal region of cells, where many infections enter the body. When patients hold the MucoJet against the inside of their cheek, the device releases a jet stream that directly targets the buccal region. This region is rich in immune cells but underutilized in immunology because of the challenge of efficiently penetrating the thick mucosal layer in this part of the oral cavity with existing technologies, such as the oral spray often used for influenza vaccination.

In laboratory and animal experiments, the research team showed that the MucoJet can deliver a high-pressure stream of liquid and immune system-triggering molecules that penetrate the mucosal layer to stimulate an immune response in the buccal region. The jet is pressurized, but not uncomfortably so, and would remove the sting of needles.

"The jet is similar in pressure to a water pick that dentists use," said Kiana Aran, who developed the technology while a postdoctoral scholar at Berkeley in the labs of Dorian Liepmann, a professor of mechanical and bioengineering, and Niren Murthy, a professor of bioengineering. Aran is now an assistant professor at the Keck Graduate Institute of Claremont University.

The portable technology, designed to be self-administered, stores vaccines in powder form and could one day enable vaccine delivery to remote locations, but years of further study are needed before the device would be commercially available.

The study will be published March 8 in the journal Science Translational Medicine and is available for download on EurekAlert!.

MucoJet is a 15-by-7-milimeter cylindrical, two-compartment plastic device. The solid components were 3D-printed from an inexpensive biocompatible and water-resistant plastic resin. The exterior compartment holds 250 mililiters of water. The interior compartment is composed of two reservoirs separated by a porous plastic membrane and a movable piston. One interior compartment is a vaccine reservoir, containing a 100-ml chamber of vaccine solution with a piston at one end and a sealed 200-micrometer (m) diameter delivery nozzle at the other end. The other interior compartment is the propellant reservoir, which contains a dry chemical propellant (citric acid and sodium bicarbonate) and is separated from the vaccine reservoir at one end by the built-in porous membrane and movable piston and is sealed at the other end from the exterior compartment with a dissolvable membrane

To administer the MucoJet, a patient clicks together the interior and exterior compartments. The membrane dissolves, water contacts the chemical propellant and the ensuing chemical reaction generates carbon dioxide gas. The gas increases the pressure in the propellant chamber, causing the piston to move. The free-moving piston ensures uniform movement of the ejected drug and blocks the exit of fizz from the carbon dioxide through the nozzle. When the pressure in the propellant chamber is high enough, the force on the piston breaks the nozzle seal of the vaccine reservoir. The vaccine solution is then ejected from the MucoJet nozzle, penetrates the mucosal layer of the buccal tissue, and delivers the vaccine to underlying vaccine targets, called antigen-presenting cells.

To test the MucoJet's delivery system, researchers designed a laboratory experiment in plastic dishes using mucosal layers and buccal tissues from pigs. They tested the MucoJet's ability to deliver ovalbumim, an immune stimulating protein, across the mucosal layer. The experiments showed an eightfold increase in the delivery of ovalbumin over the course of three hours compared to a control experiment of administering ovalbumim with a dropper (similar to how oral vaccines, such as for the flu, are administered today).

The researchers then tested different pressures of the vaccine jet and found that increasing the MucoJet output pressure increased the ovalbumin delivery to the tissue, indicating that the delivery efficiency improves with increased pressure.

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"The pressure is very focused, the diameter of the jet is very small, so that's how it penetrates the mucosal layer," Aran said.

The researchers then tested the MucoJet's ability to deliver ovalbumim to buccal tissue in rabbits. The MucoJet delivery resulted in a sevenfold increase in the delivery of ovalbumin compared to control experiments with droppers. Animals treated with ovalbumin by MucoJet had key antibodies in their blood that were three orders of magnitude higher than in the blood from rabbits treated with ovalbumin by a dropper.

The study did not compare the MucoJet to vaccine delivery with a needle, but data suggests that the MucoJet can trigger an immune response that is as good or better than delivery with a needle, especially for mucosal pathogens.

The next step in MucoJet's development is to test the delivery of a real vaccine in larger animals. The researchers hope the MucoJet can be available in five to 10 years. They also hope to engineer a version of the MucoJet that can be swallowed and then release vaccines internally.

The researchers are considering other shapes, sizes and designs to simplify vaccine administration procedures and increase patient compliance, especially for children. For example, the MucoJet could be fabricated into a lollipop.

"Imagine if we could put the Mucojet in a lollipop and have kids hold it in their cheek," Aran said. "They wouldn't have to go to a clinic to get a vaccine."

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Patients could one day self-administer vaccines using a needleless, pill-sized technology that jet-releases a stream of vaccine inside the mouth, according to a proof-of-concept study conducted at UC Berkeley.

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Oral delivery system could make vaccination needle-free - Medical Xpress

Coronavirus could cause ‘carnage’ among the world’s refugees, aid groups say – NBC News

WASHINGTON The coronavirus outbreak threatens to inflict "carnage" on refugees around the world who often live in cramped conditions, lack access to clean water and are in countries with failing or stretched medical systems, humanitarian aid groups say.

From Syria to Bangladesh to Uganda, the risk posed to people who have fled war and persecution is potentially dire, and only urgent international action can avert a catastrophe, aid organizations told NBC News.

As of Tuesday, only 10 cases had been reported among refugees and displaced persons, and all of those were patients in Germany, according to the U.N. refugee agency. But in the absence of extensive testing at refugee camps in the Middle East, Africa or Asia, it's unclear whether the fast-moving virus has already reached them, medical experts and humanitarian workers said.

"We don't know, and that's largely because we haven't done any testing," said Muhammad Zaman, a professor of bioengineering at Boston University. "We need to know how acute the problem is before we come up with an intervention."

Given the fast-moving nature of the epidemic, if COVID-19 hasn't already spread to refugees, it's only a matter of time, Zaman added.

Beyond the potentially tragic consequences for refugees, failing to counter the spread of the virus among large refugee communities near the border of Europe or elsewhere could undercut any success in containing the outbreak and enable it to spread further, aid officials said.

Experience with the Ebola virus and other outbreaks has shown that governments need to include refugees and displaced persons in their plans to counter epidemics and to ensure that the refugees have the same access to medical treatment, said Andrej Mahecic, a spokesman for the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, or UNHCR.

"If we keep them safe, it's keeping all of us safe," he told NBC News.

The UNHCR has issued an initial appeal to governments for $33 million to help provide hygiene kits, protective gear, water sanitation and training for health workers to protect refugees from the coronavirus.

The two main tactics recommended to halt the spread of the virus hand-washing and social distancing are sometimes impossible for refugees to follow at crowded camps.

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Jan Egeland, secretary general of the Norwegian Refugee Council, warned that the epidemic could cause devastating consequences at crowded refugee camps and in countries with damaged health care systems.

"Millions of conflict-affected people are living in cramped refugee and displacement sites with desperately poor hygiene and sanitation facilities," Egeland said in a statement.

"There will also be carnage when the virus reaches parts of Syria, Yemen and Venezuela where hospitals have been demolished and health systems have collapsed. "

Refugee advocates are especially concerned about nearly 1 million Syrians who have fled an offensive by Russia and the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad in recent weeks. Many of them are sleeping in bombed-out structures, in tents or out in the open.

As coronavirus cases and deaths spike in Iran and rise in Iraq and Lebanon, the Syrians fleeing toward the Turkish border are particularly vulnerable, said Hardin Lang, vice president for programs and policy at Refugees International.

The crowded conditions could turn temporary camps into "a tinderbox for the spread of the disease," Lang said.

The World Health Organization "is preparing for contagion across Syria," WHO spokesperson Hedinn Halldorsson told NBC News, and the organization has sent testing kits to northwest Syria and other items.

The population of northwest Syria is especially vulnerable because of the spread of the epidemic in neighboring countries, porous borders, the damaged health care system and a recent outbreak of H1N1 virus, Halldorsson said. The presence of H1N1 could undermine "timely COVID-19 diagnosis and put an added strain on laboratories," she added.

Last week, Doctors Without Borders issued an urgent appeal to evacuate thousands of refugees from "squalid" camps on the Greek island of Lesbos, where it said authorities are not prepared for a potential COVID-19 outbreak.

It would be "impossible to contain an outbreak" at the camps on Lesbos and other Greek islands, said Dr. Hilde Vochten, medical coordinator in Greece for Doctors Without Borders. "To this day, we have not seen a credible emergency plan to protect and treat people living there in case of an outbreak."

Full coverage of the coronavirus outbreak

In Yemen, five years of war have pummeled the country's medical system, with hospitals and infrastructure bombed by the Saudi-led coalition or seized by Houthi rebels. As a result, the "response capacity of the health system is all but completely wiped out," said Rayan Koteiche of Physicians for Human Rights.

Because of Yemen's broken health sector, the country had a dramatic surge of cholera, a disease that had been virtually eradicated from the planet, in 2017.

Given the threat of COVID-19 now spreading across the Middle East, the situation in Yemen is "beyond worrying," Koteiche said. He co-authored a report released Wednesday that documented 120 attacks on medical facilities and health workers by both the Saudi-led coalition and Iranian-backed Houthi rebels over the past five years.

Decisions by governments in recent days to shut national borders also threaten to deprive people fleeing violence and persecution from getting medical treatment or securing food, said Elinor Raikes of the International Rescue Committee.

Colombia recently closed its border with Venezuela, and "many Venezuelans who cross the border on a daily basis for food, work and health care are now stranded without access to basic lifesaving needs," Raikes said.

Aid groups also worry that the coronavirus will provide ammunition to anti-migrant, anti-refugee political voices that will use it as an excuse to shut the door on people fleeing war and persecution, even though there is no link between the coronavirus and refugees.

"We're already concerned about the weaponization of public concern over the COVID-19 by politicians and leaders that are already pushing an agenda to seal borders to deny access to refugees and asylum-seekers. You are already hearing calls to close borders," Lang said.

Download the NBC News app for full coverage and alerts about the coronavirus outbreak

With global travel increasingly restricted and the virus spreading, international aid organizations face difficult decisions about how many staff members to keep in place. Aid groups usually rotate personnel in and out every few months, but sending staff in now from Western countries where the epidemic has taken root carries the risk of spreading the disease to refugee communities.

Refugees International, which is based in Washington, D.C., has decided to suspend travel to refugee camps to avoid any risk of spreading the coronavirus, Lang said.

The UNHCR said Tuesday that it has suspended the resettlement of refugees to third countries partly because of the restrictions and uncertainty surrounding international travel and partly out of concern that the refugees could be exposed to the epidemic by flying to other countries.

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Covid-19 Impact on Butane-2,3-diol Market | Volume, Analysis, Future Prediction, Industry Overview and Forecast 2026 | Lanzatech, Yancheng Hongtai…

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Two Indian American Post-grads Named Gates Cambridge Scholars – India West

At least two Indian American post-graduate students were named among the 2017 class of Gates Cambridge Scholars at the University of Cambridge, the university announced in a Feb. 8 news release.

A total of 36 scholars were named including Sarita Deshpande and Angela Madira.

Deshpande is currently studying bioengineering with a concentration in cellular and tissue engineering at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

As an undergraduate student, she engaged in neuroscience and bioengineering research, which fostered her passion to study ocular pathology in the scope of neuroscience, she said in her scholar bio.

She will study M.Phil in medical science at Lucy Cavendish College in the Department of Clinical Neurosciences.

During the scholar year, she will study the aetiology of glaucoma and the mechanisms of cell death, which can provide further insight into developing novel therapeutic options.

"I am honored and excited to join the dynamic group of scholars that make up the Gates Cambridge community," she said.

Madira, who was also named an Amgen Scholar in 2015, will be just 17 when she starts her M.Phil in health, medicine and society at Newnham College, becoming the first genuine millennial Gates Cambridge Scholar.

She began her B.Sc. in biochemistry at California State University in Los Angeles at the age of 12 and is about to publish a paper on the removal of dermoid cysts based on clinical research at the L.A. Children's Hospital.

Her M.Phil dissertation will focus on the efficacy and ethics of existing mammalian research models.

She hopes to target the philosophy of cognitive psychology through the multispecies interactions between humans and animals, particularly scientists and their test subjects. She plans to become a pediatric neurosurgeon.

My undergraduate career has led me to a unique journey committed to unlocking the secrets of the human brain while constantly contemplating the meaning of ethics in the fields of research and medicine, she said in her profile. I have had the opportunity to study neuroscience from a molecular, physiological, and clinical perspective. In the future, I hope to use this knowledge to explore neurological disorders in children.

The Gates Cambridge U.S. Scholars-elect, who will take up their awards beginning in October, are from 34 universities, including three which have never before had a Gates Cambridge Scholar Mississippi State University, California State University Los Angeles and Loyola University in New Orleans.

The scholars will study and research subjects ranging from collaborative songwriting to improving health outcomes, spider behavior, voter analytics to cancer therapeutics targeting the side effects associated with chemotherapy, the university said.

The prestigious postgraduate scholarship program which fully funds postgraduate study and research in any subject at the University of Cambridge was established through a $210 million donation to the University of Cambridge from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2000.

Since its 2001 inception, there have been more than 1,600 Gates Cambridge Scholars from 104 countries who represent more than 600 universities globally and 80 academic departments and all 31 colleges at Cambridge.

The 36 U.S. Scholars-elect will join 54 Scholars from other parts of the world, who will be announced in early April after interviews in late March and will complete the class of 2017.

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Two Indian American Post-grads Named Gates Cambridge Scholars - India West

Atom or noise? New method helps cryo-EM researchers tell the difference – Stanford University News

Wah Chiu, a professor at SLAC and Stanford, Grigore Pintilie, a computational scientist in Chius group, and colleagues devised the new measures, known as Q-scores, to address that issue. To compute Q-scores, scientists start by building and adjusting an atomic model until it best matches the corresponding cryo-EM derived 3D map. Then, they compare the map to an idealized version in which each atom is well-resolved, revealing to what degree the map truly resolves the atoms in the atomic model.

The researchers validated their approach on large molecules, including a protein called apoferritin that they studied in theStanford-SLAC Cryo-EM Facilities.Kaiming Zhang, another research scientist in Chius group, produced 3D maps close to the highest resolution reached to date up to 1.75 angstrom, less than a fifth of a nanometer. Using such maps,they showed how Q-scores varied in predictable ways based on overall resolution and on which parts of a moleculethey were studying. Pintilie and Chiu say they hope Q-scores will help biologists and others using cryo-EM better understand and interpret the 3D maps and resulting atomic models.

The study was performed in collaboration with researchers from Stanfords Department of Bioengineering. Molecular graphics and analysis were performed using the University of California, San Franciscos Chimera software package. The project was funded by the National Institutes of Health.

Citation: Grigore Pintilie et al.,Nature Methods, February 10, 2020 (10.1038/s41592-020-0731-1)

For questions or comments, contact the SLAC Office of Communications atcommunications@slac.stanford.edu.

SLAC is a vibrant multiprogram laboratory that explores how the universe works at the biggest, smallest and fastest scales and invents powerful tools used by scientists around the globe. With research spanning particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology, materials, chemistry, bio- and energy sciences and scientific computing, we help solve real-world problems and advance the interests of the nation.

SLAC is operated by Stanford University for theU.S. Department of Energys Office of Science.The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time.

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The hidden pattern that drives brain growth | Stanford News – Stanford University News

Life is rife with patterns. Its common for living things to create a repeating series of similar features as they grow: think of feathers that vary slightly in length on a birds wing or shorter and longer petals on a rose.

Stanford researchers used advanced microscopy and mathematical modeling to discover a pattern that governs the growth of neurons in the flatworm brain, shown here. Using this technique, they hope to find patterns that guide the growth of cells in other parts of the body in order to pave the way to bioengineer artificial tissues and organs. (Image credit: Courtesy of Wang Lab)

It turns out the brain is no different. By employing advanced microscopy and mathematical modeling, Stanford researchers have discovered a pattern that governs the growth of brain cells or neurons. Similar rules could guide the development of other cells within the body, and understanding them could be important for successfully bioengineering artificial tissues and organs.

Their study, published in Nature Physics, builds on the fact that the brain contains many different types of neurons and that it takes several types working in concert to perform any tasks. The researchers wanted to uncover the invisible growth patterns that enable the right kinds of neurons to arrange themselves into the right positions to build a brain.

How do cells with complementary functions arrange themselves to construct a functioning tissue? said study co-author Bo Wang, an assistant professor of Bioengineering. We chose to answer that question by studying a brain because it had been commonly assumed that the brain was too complex to have a simple patterning rule. We surprised ourselves when we discovered there was, in fact, such a rule.

The brain they chose to examine belonged to a planarian, a millimeter-long flatworm that can regrow a new head every time after amputation. First, Wang and Margarita Khariton, a graduate student in his lab, used fluorescent stains to mark different types of neurons in the flatworm. They then used high-resolution microscopes to capture images of the whole brain glowing neurons and all and analyzed the patterns to see if they could extract from them the mathematical rules guiding their construction.

What they found was that each neuron is surrounded by roughly a dozen neighbors similar to itself, but that interspersed among them are other kinds of neurons. This unique arrangement means that no single neuron sits flush against its twin, while still allowing different types of complementary neurons to be close enough to work together to complete tasks.

The researchers found that this pattern repeats over and over across the entire flatworm brain to form a continuous neural network. Study co-authors Jian Qin, an assistant professor of chemical engineering, and postdoctoral scholar Xian Kong developed a computational model to show that this complex network of functional neighborhoods stems from the tendency of neurons to pack together as closely as possible without being too close to other neurons of the same type.

While neuroscientists might someday adapt this methodology to study neuronal patterning in the human brain, the Stanford researchers believe the technique could be more usefully applied to the emerging field of tissue engineering.

The basic idea is simple: tissue engineers hope to induce stem cells, the powerful, general-purpose cells from which all cell types derive, to grow into the various specialized cells that form a liver, kidney or heart. But scientists will need to arrange those diverse cells into the right patterns if they want the heart to beat.

The question of how organisms grow into forms that carry out useful functions has fascinated scientists for centuries, Wang said. In our technological era, we are not limited to understanding these growth patterns at the cellular level but can also find ways to implement these rules for bioengineering applications.

This work was supported by the Burroughs Wellcome Fund.

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UMD students will soon be able to major in biocomputational engineering – The Diamondback

After gaining approval from the Board of Regents education committee last Friday, a new major in biocomputational engineering is set to roll out next fall.

The University of Maryland will become one of the first universities to offer such a degree which combines the fundamentals of bioengineering, including biology, physics and chemistry, with a foundation in data science.

An increased interest from companies looking for bioengineering students with computer science backgrounds prompted the majors development, said Ian White, the associate chair and director of undergraduate studies for this universitys bioengineering department. The program will aim to prepare students for a field that relies on data science more than ever before, he said.

A lot of our graduates and senior students over the last few years have been pushing for more opportunities to study data science and computation alongside bioengineering, White said. Data science has really emerged and woven its way into all fields.

Knowledge of computer programming helps students to analyze biological data sets and create new diagnostic technologies for the treatment and prevention of disease, according to the proposal for the major.

This process, known as biological modeling, allows scientists to analyze past studies on the bodys response to certain medical treatments and create a coding program that simulates the results of that study. It can lead, for instance, to new methods for the repair or construction of tissue and organs or new treatments for specific diseases.

[Read more:Board of Regents OKs new major at UMD focused on virtual reality design]

The major was spurred in part by the development of new engineering facilities at the Universities at Shady Grove in Rockville, White said.

It is mainly geared toward Shady Grove students from Montgomery College and other community colleges, who will be able to transfer into upper-level courses taught by University of Maryland instructors.

Montgomery County, where a lot of the employers we target [are], theyre really invested in seeing these community college students have a good pathway towards a career, White said.

Students at this university will also be able to complete a four-year degree in the program.

Combining data science and bioengineering into one major is a recent development for higher education, not seen 10 years ago, White said. Recently, more colleges and universities have joined this trend, though only a handful offer programs similar to this major.

Bill Churma, the associate director of academic and student affairs for the bioengineering department, said he and White looked into Stanford Universitys biomedical computation degree while creating the new major.

I wouldnt be surprised if we see more programs going in this direction, just because of the way so much research is happening, Churma said.

Enrollment is expected to start at around 20 students in the first year, and expand to a steady enrollment of about 80 students once the major gains more traction.

The first classes wont be offered for another year and a half, and in the meantime, the bioengineering department will conduct a marketing campaign to bring in student interest. Much of that will require reaching out to community college students and creating an academic path with them, Churma said.

[Read more:There is a place for you: This UMD club seeks to build community for women in comp sci]

It will also include strategies to make biocomputational engineering more digestible for students unsure of what this obscure field entails, he said.

Julia Zhiteneva, a sophomore bioengineering major, was first drawn to her major because of its diverse career options. Expanding the bioengineering skill set to encompass data science, she said, would only increase those opportunities.

Those are really valuable skills, and Im glad that Maryland is taking initiative to cater to the needs in this industry and make that a whole separate major, Zhiteneva said.

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UMD students will soon be able to major in biocomputational engineering - The Diamondback

University’s Seed Grant Initiative Helps Researchers’ Pursuits Blossom – University of Texas at Dallas

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Grants Invest in Interdisciplinary Work That May Produce Bigger, Federally Funded Projects

Nov. 21, 2019

The first year of The University of Texas at Dallas seed grant initiative has provided $2.2 million to a diverse range of research and scholarly projects with the aim of providing faculty a springboard to earning larger, highly competitive grants.

The Office of Research program, announced last fall, was conceived by Dr. Joseph Pancrazio, vice president for research, who described it as among the largest such programs in the state.

Research, scholarship and creativity play a key role in our growth as an institution, said Pancrazio, who is also a professor of bioengineering in theErik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science. These programs build upon the interdisciplinary work that is a hallmark of the UTDallas experience for our faculty and students. The hope is that this seed funding leads to new ideas that then become the source for new grant proposals and projects.

Distributions to UTDallas from the National Research University Fund (NRUF), a source of state research funding that the University first qualified for in 2018, freed up resources to create the seed grants.

By investing in our faculty while incentivizing collaboration, we are reinforcing a research culture that will encourage prospective investigators to join our academic community as well as earn a return-on-investment relative to federally sponsored research, Pancrazio said.

The seed grants fall into seven categories and will fund work in seven of the Universitys schools.

The program is overseen by Dr. Nicole Leeper Piquero, Robert E. Holmes Jr. Professor of Criminology, who said the program is an exciting way to invest in faculty and encourage interdisciplinary collaboration.

We offer 10 different ways to support researchers from all across our campus, including opportunities for them to showcase their work with workshops both here at UTDallas as well as in Washington, D.C., said Piquero, who is also associate vice president for research development.

Among the seven programs is the Collaborative Biomedical Research Award (CoBRA), which was specifically designed to stimulate interdisciplinary research between faculty at UTDallas and UTSouthwestern Medical Center. Three projects led by Dr. Danieli Rodrigues, associate professor of bioengineering; Dr. Lloyd Lumata, assistant professor of physics; and Dr. Lawrence Reitzer, professor of biological sciences, each received $250,000.

Lumatas grant supports research to develop biomedical imaging techniques, and Reitzers work focuses on combating urinary tract infections.

Rodrigues said the CoBRA award will enable her team to expand the application of an immune-interactive coating she is developing for titanium orthopedic implants that may reduce the implantation failure rate for diabetic patients.

This initiative will give us the opportunity to generate data that will support development and feasibility demonstrations, helping our team to pursue larger grant opportunities in the future, Rodrigues said. It will also promote interdisciplinary training by enabling UTD graduate students and residents from UTSouthwestern to work together on new ways to boost implant healing in immune-compromised cases.

Another program, called the Major Extramural Grant Award (MEGA), assists researchers who are gathering preliminary data to support their pursuit of individual external grant opportunities of at least $6 million. The two MEGA recipients, Dr. Roderick Heelis, director of the William B. Hanson Center for Space Sciences, and Dr. Bart Rypma, the Meadows Foundation Chair in Behavioral and Brain Sciences, each received $200,000 for their proposals.

The Office of Research invites potential applicants to Proposers Day on Friday, Nov. 22, to learn more about the internal funding opportunities available in the next cycle of seed grant initiatives. Registration is required.

Rypmais investigating brain-imaging techniques, while Heelis work aims to better understand Earths space environment and how it affects areas such as communication, navigation and the reentry of space vehicles. His MEGA project seeks to develop innovative techniques to measure the dynamics of particles and gases in the environment around orbiting satellites.

The experiments we do in space are really expensive. Sponsors like NASA and the Air Force wont give you all the money for a project just based on one proposal, said Heelis, Distinguished Chair in Natural Sciences and Mathematics.

Backing from the University allows us to turn our experiments and our conceptual ideas into real things: Heres the prototype device; here are the results from testing it in the lab, Heelis said. And we can put those forward in our second-phase grant proposal. This gives us a much more competitive chance of winning.

The Office of Research awarded seed grants in seven programs:

Media Contact: Stephen Fontenot, UT Dallas, (972) 883-4405,[emailprotected]or the Office of Media Relations, UT Dallas, (972) 883-2155, [emailprotected]

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Introducing the 2020 Class of Miss Auburn and Miss Auburn Outstanding Teen… – Auburn Examiner

The Miss Auburn and Miss Auburn Outstanding Teen Scholarship program is the strongest community-based scholarship competition of its kind in the state, according to the program website. An official preliminary to the Miss Washington and Miss America Pageants, this competition boasts of dynamic, talented and intelligent contestants competing for scholarships and the title of Miss Auburn or Miss Auburn Outstanding Teen.

This years class includes eight Miss contestants and 13 Teen contestants. The competition, sponsored by The Auburn Noon Lions Club, is scheduled for Saturday, January 25, 2020, at the Auburn Performing Arts Center.

In addition to crowing the 2020 titleholders, January 25th will be the final time our current title holders, Amanda Enz and Austin Douglas will wear the crown.

The 2020 Miss Auburn class includes young women from Auburn High School, multiple contestants with social impact platforms related to mental health, a Bioengineering Major.

The 2020 Miss candidates are Aaliyah Coley, Cami Werden, Caylee Collins, Katie Storm, Kimberly Santos, Marissa Modestowicz, Natalie Myers and Soleil Lewis.

The 2020 Miss Auburn Outstanding Teen class is equally as well rounded, with contestants from schools all over the Auburn Area. These contestants proudly share platforms related to bullying, self-image and heart health, to name just a few.

The 2020 Teen candidates are Brandi Ridge, Cassidy Collins, Christine Wang, Farrell Sessler, Jasmyn Burger, Jessica Tuggey, Kaitlyn Gallo, Kerry Everett, Madison Lindsey, Medison Zantello, Reilly Mahoney, Rosalinda Tomich, and Taylor-Olsen-Dement.

Like the Miss candidates, the Teen contestants are ready to shine with a variety of talents.

Over the next several weeks we will be introducing these stellar young women to you through individual profiles each contestant has filled out.

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American Oriental Bioengineering, Inc. (AOBI) Upgraded at ValuEngine – Sports Perspectives

American Oriental Bioengineering, Inc. (AOBI) Upgraded at ValuEngine
Sports Perspectives
American Oriental Bioengineering, Inc. (OTCMKTS:AOBI) was upgraded by equities researchers at ValuEngine from a sell rating to a hold rating in a note issued to investors on Wednesday, May 24th. Shares of American Oriental Bioengineering (AOBI) ...

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American Oriental Bioengineering, Inc. (AOBI) Upgraded at ValuEngine - Sports Perspectives

Two professors of medicine elected to National Academy of Medicine – Daily Bruin

Two UCLA professors have been elected to the National Academy of Medicine, a private, nonprofit institution which advises on issues concerning science, technology and health.

Denise Aberle, a radiology and bioengineering professor, and Carol Mangione, a professor of medicine and public health, were recognized by the academy on Oct. 21, according to a university press release.

NAM is one of three academies which make up the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Consisting of health and medical professionals, the NAMs mission is to improve health for all by advancing science, advancing health equity and providing insight into national and global policy, according to the NAM website.

Membership is given to those who have demonstrated achievement and service in their careers, as well as contributed to developments in medicine and health care.

Aberle, who is the vice chair of the department of radiological sciences at the David Geffen School of Medicine, was elected for leading the National Lung Screening Trial, which was sponsored by the American College of Radiology Imaging Network in the National Cancer Institute.

The trial found that low-dose CT screening uses lesser amounts of radiation, reducing lung cancer mortality by 20% compared to chest radiographic or X-Ray screenings, according to the press release.

Mangione, who is also the division chief of general internal medicine and health services research at the School of Medicine, was chosen for her experience with how certain aspects of the health care system affect quality of care and treatment for low-income individuals with diabetes, the press release stated.

Mangione also serves as the director for the National Institutes of Healthfunded Resource Center for Minority Aging Research at UCLA.

Aberle and Magione join 37 other UCLA faculty who have been recognized by NAM, including current School of Medicine Dean Kelsey Martin.

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Scientists Are Close to Creating a Fully Synthetic Genome – Futurism

More Than Bread and Beer

Humans have found a friend in yeast. The single-celled eukaryotes are used by humans for a wide variety of applications, such as making alcoholic beverages and baking, among others. Scientists are heading toward a breakthrough in bioengineering that could create synthetic organisms that will help make new kinds of drugs and fuels.

An international team of researchers has been able to devise a way to synthesize a large part of yeasts genetic code. Prior to this announcement, the team had been able to completely synthesize one of yeasts 16 chromosomes. Now, the team has published a series of papers in the journal Scienceshowing that they have been able to add another five chromosomes, thus bringing their total to six. They say theyre on track to finish the remaining ten chromosomes to form a completely synthetic genome by the end of this year.

While the scientific community remains leery of synthetic genome creation, many have united in praising this projects work. In an article accompanying the research, Daniel Gibson, vice president of DNA technologies at Synthetic Genomics, stated, This is really going to allow us to understand how to design cells from the bottom up that can be reprogrammed for many applications.

Some of those many applications are what worry bioethicists, biologists, and environmentalists, among others. Todd Kuiken from North Carolina State Universitys Genetic Engineering and Society Center compares the potential accidental orpurposeful release of synthetic organisms to the introduction of invasive species. You can think of it of like introducing an invasive species into a different environment. It will have some type of impact to the system.

The yeast project is operating under conditions emphasizing safety as well as ethics. This is a whole new era where were moving beyond little edits on single genes to being able to write whatever we want throughout the genome, says George Church, a prominent Harvard University geneticist. The goal is to be able to change it as radically as our understanding permits.

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Scientists Are Close to Creating a Fully Synthetic Genome - Futurism

U. scientists develop cell therapy for chronic disc pain – Deseret News

SALT LAKE CITY Relief for chronic back and neck pain may be on the horizon, thanks to emerging science technology under development at the University of Utah.

Bioengineering researchers have discovered a technique to control chronic pain by regulating genes that reduce tissue- and cell-damaging inflammation.

This has applications for many inflammatory-driven diseases, said assistant professor Robby Bowles, who led the research. It could be applied for arthritis or to therapeutic cells that are being delivered to inflammatory environments that need to be protected from inflammation.

In laymens terms, the therapy has the potential to treat chronic pain by relieving swelling in affected areas and healing the tissue, he said.

For instance, chronic pain in slipped or herniated discs result from damaged tissue when swelling causes cells to create molecules that break down tissue, he explained. Inflammation is natures way of alerting the immune system to repair tissue or fight infection, but chronic inflammation can lead to tissue degeneration and pain, he said.

Bowles team uses the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat system known as CRISPR a new technology that modifies human genetics to halt cell death and keep cells from producing molecules that damage tissue and result in chronic pain, he said.

This is something that could be injected into your (damaged) discs to stop the signaling that is driving disc degeneration and the painful signaling, Bowles said. It would keep you from getting worse and it would stop the pain.

But Bowles said the therapy does not edit or replace genes, which is what CRISPR tools are typically used for. Instead, the therapy modulates the way genes turn on and off in order to protect cells from inflammation.

So they wont respond to inflammation. It disrupts this chronic inflammation pattern that leads to tissue degeneration and pain, he said. Were not changing what is in your genetic code. Were altering what is expressed. Normally, cells do this themselves, but we are taking engineering control over these cells to tell them what to turn on and turn off.

He said now that researchers know they can do this, doctors would be able to modify the genes using direct injection into the affected area which delays tissue degeneration. In the case of back pain, a patient may get a discectomy to remove part of a herniated disc to relieve the pain, but tissue near the spinal cord may continue to break down, leading to future pain, he said. This method could stave off additional surgeries by stopping the tissue damage, he noted.

The hope is that this stops degeneration in its tracks, and the patient could avoid any future surgeries, Bowles said. But its patient to patient. Some might still need surgery, but it could delay it.

So far, the team has developed a virus that can deliver the gene therapy and has filed for a patent on the system with the hope of moving to human trials after collecting initial data. One caveat Bowles noted was that there are currently no gene therapies approved for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, so it may take some time to receive necessary acceptance.

So long term there are technological and regulatory hurdles to (overcome), he said. It could be about 10 years before this method is ready for use in patients.

Despite the regulatory issues, Bowles was optimistic about the long-range prospects for treating pain using this new therapy.

The CRISPR systems give us control that would allow us to begin treating these diseases in ways we couldnt treat them before, Bowles said. Over the next 10 to 15 years, were going to see a lot of these CRISPR technologies change these debilitating conditions.

The teams discovery was published in a new paper this month in a special issue of Tissue Engineering. The study was co-authored by University of Utah bioengineering doctoral student Niloofar Farhang and several other researchers in a collaborative project between the U., Duke University and Washington University in St. Louis.

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U. scientists develop cell therapy for chronic disc pain - Deseret News

Pain in the neck: Engineers use CRISPR technology to prevent … – Science Daily

For millions of sufferers, there is nothing more debilitating than chronic back or joint pain. It can feel like a lifetime of misery.

But researchers led by University of Utah bioengineering assistant professor Robby Bowles have discovered a way to curb chronic pain by modulating genes that reduce tissue- and cell-damaging inflammation.

"This has applications for many inflammatory-driven diseases," Bowles says. "It could be applied for arthritis or to therapeutic cells that are being delivered to inflammatory environments that need to be protected from inflammation."

The team's discovery was published in a new paper this month, "CRISPR-Based Epigenome Editing of Cytokine Receptors for the Promotion of Cell Survival and Tissue Deposition in Inflammatory Environments," in a special issue of Tissue Engineering. University of Utah bioengineering doctoral student, Niloofar Farhang, co-authored the study, which is a collaborative project between the University of Utah, Duke University and Washington University in St. Louis.

In chronic back pain, for example, slipped or herniated discs are a result of damaged tissue when inflammation causes cells to create molecules that break down tissue. Typically, inflammation is nature's way of alerting the immune system to repair tissue or tackle infection. But chronic inflammation can instead lead to tissue degeneration and pain.

Bowles' team is using the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat) system -- new technology of modifying human genetics -- to stop cell death and keep the cells from producing molecules that damage tissue and result in chronic pain. But it doesn't do this by editing or replacing genes, which is what CRISPR tools are typically used for. Instead, it modulates the way genes turn on and off in order to protect cells from inflammation and thus breaking down tissue.

"So they won't respond to inflammation. It disrupts this chronic inflammation pattern that leads to tissue degeneration and pain," Bowles says. "We're not changing what is in your genetic code. We're altering what is expressed. Normally, cells do this themselves, but we are taking engineering control over these cells to tell them what to turn on and turn off."

Now that researchers know they can do this, doctors will be able to modify the genes via an injection directly to the affected area and delay the degeneration of tissue. In the case of back pain, a patient may get a discectomy to remove part of a herniated disc to relieve the pain, but tissue near the spinal cord may continue to breakdown, leading to future pain. This method could stave off additional surgeries by stopping the tissue damage.

"The hope is that this stops degeneration in its tracks, and the patient could avoid any future surgeries," Bowles says. "But it's patient to patient. Some might still need surgery, but it could delay it."

So far, the team has developed a virus that can deliver the gene therapy and has filed a patent on the system. They hope to proceed to human trials after collecting initial data, but Bowles believes it could be about 10 years before this method is used in patients.

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Anthony Alessi: Bioengineering could help orthopedic injuries – Norwich Bulletin

Anthony Alessi For The Bulletin

Bioengineering is the term best used to describe the utilization of multiple disciplines to solve a health-related problem. The incorporated disciplines involved often include medicine, life sciences, mathematics and engineering.

Most recently, bioengineering has emerged as a potential solution for many orthopedic injuries, including those related to sports. Some of the most promising research has been in the area of tendon and ligament regeneration.

Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are among the most common and disabling sports-related injuries. According to the American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine, there are approximately 150,000 ACL tears each year. These injuries account for approximately $500 million in health care costs annually in the United States.

The knee is a hinged joint where the femur and tibia articulate. The bony surfaces are cushioned by cartilage. Four main ligaments hold the entire joint together: the ACL, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and the lateral collateral ligament.

ACL injuries are most common in high-intensity sports, including soccer, football and basketball. Damage can result from sudden changes in direction, landing awkwardly after jumping or direct impact from a collision.

Bioengineering is being used to build new ligaments by applying stem cells to a scaffold and allowing the cells to generate a new ligament or through the application of stem cells to allow a ligament to be repaired.

The use of stem cells, osteobiologics and biodegradable synthetic polymers is the frontier of sports medicine surgery and surgical augmentation, said Dr. Cory Edgar, assistant professor of orthopedic surgery and UConn team physician. These approaches will significantly impact surgery success rates, recovery times and return-to-play timelines.

The routine use of bioengineered tendon repair may not be far off.

Dr. Alessi is a neurologist in Norwich and serves as an on-air contributor for ESPN. He is director of UConn NeuroSport and can be reached at agalessi@uchc.edu

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UCLA professor developing potential treatment for spinal cord injuries – Daily Bruin

A UCLA professor is working to develop a treatment for spinal cord injuries, which are currently incurable.

Stephanie Seidlits, assistant professor of bioengineering, will attempt to use biomaterial made out of hyaluronic acid a long chain of sugars in the body to create a treatment that can be injected into spinal cords. Seidlits will conduct the research with students using a $500,000 grant she won March 1.

The prestigious CAREER award, granted by the National Science Foundation, aims to support scholars who effectively integrate research with education. Seidlits plans to use her research as a project for students in Bioengineering 177: Bioengineering Capstone Design next fall.

Alongside Seidlits, students will be able to investigate the effects of hyaluronic acid on spinal cord cell regeneration using an in vitro device. Using the device, researchers will be able to replicate the cell environment of an injured spinal cord and analyze how HA reacts to that environment.

When the spinal cord is injured, HA, a polymer composed of long sugar chains that support tissue structure, breaks down into smaller fragments to initiate healing. The short fragments are supposed to be replaced by longer ones, but sometimes they stay in the spinal cord, causing inflammation that prevents healing, Seidlits said.

Past research has examined whether HA as a biomaterial can reduce scarring from spinal cord injuries, with mixed results. Seidlits said she thinks the difference in fragment lengths could be a cause for the different outcomes. Her research will determine whether she can control how the cells react to short and long fragments of HA to prevent inflammation.

A big problem is that the people doing the chemistry dont account for the fact that the short fragments act differently than long fragments, Seidlits said. They just put them all together.

Seidlits and students will use the engineered device to test the biomaterials effectiveness before eventually testing it in mices spinal cord tissue.

Observing the cells through the device is better than observing them in a petri dish, which is unable to fully predict how the biomaterial impacts spinal cord cell regeneration in humans, she said. This also minimizes use of mice in experiments.

Arshia Ehsanipour, a graduate student researcher in Seidlits lab, said one of the challenges of engineering a biomaterial is integrating the HA gel material with the native spinal cord tissue.

Its a gel consistency, (so) cells have nowhere to crawl in (the spinal cord), Ehsanipour said. My goal is to get it to be more of a sponge so cells can crawl in and interact with the tissue more easily.

Despite these difficulties, Josh Karam, also a graduate student researcher in Seidlits lab, said he hopes their research will be successful.

The research were doing in the lab, the work were aiming for, is impactful because spinal cord injury is a neurodegenerative condition that affects a lot of people, Karam said. Ideally, we create a treatment that helps people to make paralysis a phase rather than a lifestyle.

Seidlits said that if the device they will use to observe the HA chains works well, students in Bioengineering 177 will help publish the research and patent the device.

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Computing with biochemical circuits made easy — ScienceDaily – Science Daily


Lifeboat Foundation
Computing with biochemical circuits made easy -- ScienceDaily
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A software tool and a systematic wet-lab procedure proven in practice are an advance in the design and construction of circuits made of DNA.
Computing with biochemical circuits made easy - Lifeboat News ...Lifeboat Foundation (blog)

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Decoding the genome’s cryptic language: New tool to map RNA … – Science Daily


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Decoding the genome's cryptic language: New tool to map RNA ...
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Bioengineers have developed a new tool to identify RNA-DNA interactions. The tool can provide a full account of all the RNA molecules that interact with a ...

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