Do we need to specify the schedule for all the types of flanges? Is it true that we don't need to mention the schedule of a slip-on flange?
Computing at the Speed of Light
From Technology Review RSS Feeds:
The world of computing could change rapidly in coming years thanks to technology that replaces the metal wiring between components with faster, more efficient fiber-optic links. "All communications over long distance are driven by lasers, but yo
Quebec government to fund in vitro fertility treatments
The ongoing normalization of biotechnologies continues. As is the notion that fertilization therapies are just that, therapies that should be covered by the healthcare system.
Quebec is going ahead with a plan to fully fund in vitro fertility treatments for women. Health Minister Yves Bolduc says the province will fund up to three cycles of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments by the end of the spring.
Aside from the humanitarian element, Bolduc believes it will save the province up to $30 million a year on money being spent to treat premature babies born as a result of fertility treatments.
Link.
Oxygen Genrator Plant/Plasma Cutter For Steel Cutting
We need to cut mild steel billets of 100 sq.mm to 130 sq.mm for which we consume fuel gas and oxygen.The consumption of oxygen is 4000 cubic metre. Is it suitable to go for oxygen generator rather than buying oxygen cylinders if yes what purity of oxygen will be suitable ? Is 93%- 95% purity enough
Overreaction of Admin and the Protection of Gurus
Can someone please explain why this thread was closed:
It would appear that the question raised was valid but since it pointed out some flaws by a resident Guru the thread was c
The AVN falsehoods keep on a-comin’ | Bad Astronomy
Meryl Dorey, head of the flailing Australian Vaccination Network — an organization dedicated to twisting the truth about vaccines and saying anything at all to scare people into an antivax stance — has once again put fingers to keyboard, and as usual the truth eludes her.
She wrote a lengthy essay about her dealings with Toni and David McCaffery, who lost their four week old infant Dana to pertussis two years ago.
I hardly need to point out that her interpretation of reality doesn’t come within a glancing blow of it; you can read what Dorey wrote, and then compare it to Toni McCaffery’s response detailing what really happened, and why Dorey is so wrong.
I also received a note from David McCaffery about a terrific site that helps educate people about vaccines: Chain of Protection. They have really good videos describing benefits of vaccinations. Here’s the one about herd immunity which shows just why it’s important:
Herd Immunity – How it works from Chain of Protection on Vimeo.
Check out the site. It’s what Meryl Dorey wouldn’t want you to do.
Related posts:
- AVN now getting routinely publicly humiliated
- Australian skeptics jeer Meryl Dorey
- Major step against antivaxxers in Australia
- The AVN is reaping what they sowed
- Australian skeptics strike back against antivaxxers
15-Year-Old Turns 1972 VW Beetle Into Electric Car
From Fast Company:
Ashton Stark isn't old enough to drive, but he has already built himself a vehicle. It took him a year, but he just finished converting his grandfather's 1972 Volkswagen 1Beetle into an electric car 2. "I was actually looking online with my dad at electric car
Mixing Magmas Means Volcanic Trouble for Mt. Hood
From Discovery News - Top Stories:
The Pacific Northwest had better watch out, because Mount St. Helens is not the only volcano in town with a nasty temper. Mount Hood, Oregon's tallest mountain, remains a major volcanic threat -- and according to a new study in in the journal N
Different Chemical Compostion in Cast/Product Analysis
Why the chemical composition is different in the cast analysis and in the product analysis? Is not the same material? How is this possible?
BP Claims "Milestone" as Drill Mud Holds Well Shut
From Yahoo! News: Science:
Oil giant BP claimed "a significant milestone" on Wednesday in efforts to plug for good the well that has spewed millions of barrels of crude into the Gulf of Mexico. "The MC252 well appears to have reached a static condition -- a significant mileston
Application of E 6013 and E 7018
On what grounds can both E 6013 and E 7018 be used (with justification) in structural steelwork (for steel plates conforming to ASTM A 36); process being SMAW? Or general comparisons between the above two.
Sea Water Ice Density
Hi,
Can we convert sea water into ice? If means what might be the density of that ice?
Pressure Simulator
I'm thinking of a project involving pressure calibration. Can anybody help me with more information regarding the pressure simulator. I'm thinking of using it, please help.
To Linsay_l(at)
I have been adding your MSN, but it was failed.
I want to have full datasheet of Enghish of STC 10F08XE.
I study this IC then ordering from you to applied for my project of Crane scale.
Have you got the code in asm sofware using STC 10F08XE to read AD7799?
That wi
Vacuum System For Autoclave
May I know if there is any vendor that make a vacuum system to evacuate air from autoclave before feeding steam. A venturi system?
Autoclave size about 2.3m dia x 35m length.
Monophyletic Australian Marsupials | Gene Expression
Though I don’t blog about the topic with the breadth and depth of individuals such as Brian Switek or Darren Naish I do take some interest in natural history. This is the domain which was my original focus as a child when it came to science, and I continue to observe it from afar with great fondness. General questions, such as the role of contingency and necessity in the arc of evolution, are obviously the sort of issue which natural history can be brought to bear upon. But I also have a fascination with specific, often anomalous details. For example, the Monito del Monte of Chile is generally held to be more closely related to the marsupials of Australia than those of the New World. It is the only extant member of the order Microbiotheria, and its connection to Australian marsupials is one of those surprises which go to show you why science is done in the field, and not just theorized from your a priori beliefs. It’s why you play the game, and don’t simply allow the handicapping professionals to decide wins and losses.
A new paper in PLoS Biology explores the phylogenetic relationship of Australian and New World marsupials through a more robust genomically focused technique. Though the method has a “in silico” spin, the basics seem to be grounded in cladistics. Look for derived characters which can indicate monophyly. Monophyly simply means that all of a set of organisms descend from one common ancestor. So, famously, the class of reptiles is not monophyletic. Some of the descendants of the common ancestors of all reptiles are not included within the class, birds. Earlier generations of taxonomists tended to classify organisms based on their characters, and the set of characters which they chose for reptiles included groups, such as crocodiles and tortoises, which were genetically very distant (when compared to crocodiles and birds). Though anatomically informative, these sorts of taxonomic classifications misled one as to evolutionary history. Not a minor matter. Ergo, the rise of cladistic techniques which replaced intuition with a more formal hypothetico-deductive framework. Because of its generality as a method naturally you can substitute genetic loci for morphological character traits, and so you get papers such as the one below.
Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions:
Ever since the first Europeans reached the Australian shores and were fascinated by the curious marsupials they found, the evolutionary relationships between the living Australian and South American marsupial orders have been intensively investigated. However, neither the morphological nor the more recent molecular methods produced an evolutionary consensus. Most problematic of the seven marsupial groups is the South American species Dromiciops gliroides, the only survivor of the order Microbiotheria. Several studies suggest that Dromiciops, although living in South America, is more closely related to Australian than to South American marsupials. This relationship would have required a complex migration scenario whereby several groups of ancestral South American marsupials migrated across Antarctica to Australia. We screened the genomes of the South American opossum and the Australian tammar wallaby for retroposons, unambiguous phylogenetic markers that occupy more than half of the marsupial genome. From analyses of nearly 217,000 retroposon-containing loci, we identified 53 retroposons that resolve most branches of the marsupial evolutionary tree. Dromiciops is clearly only distantly related to Australian marsupials, supporting a single Gondwanan migration of marsupials from South America to Australia. The new phylogeny offers a novel perspective in understanding the morphological and molecular transitions between the South American and Australian marsupials.
Retroposons are genetic elements which insert randomly throughout the genome, and rarely in the same location in across lineages. This avoids “false positives” where you observe genetic features across taxa which you incorrectly infer to indicate a phylogenetic relationship. The pattern of variation of randomly distributed distinctive retroposons can theoretically be used to map the sequence of relatedness of the same genes (orthologous) across species. Retroposon insertions copious within the marsupial genome, so naturally they’re a good candidate for markers which might exhibit the distinctiveness necessary to explore deep time evolutionary relationships. Additionally retroposons can nest within each other, within newer insertion events overlain over older ones, so that they create a sort of genetic palimpsest. These researchers filtered the loci harboring retroposons down to 53 which were particularly informative for relationships across the marsupial species for which they had genomic data, two species per order excluding orders without more than one species. The two species within each order were selected from lineages which were presumed to exhibit the deepest evolutionary split within the clade.
Granted, it isn’t as if taxonomists haven’t been interested in the relationships of marsupial mammals. As noted in the paper the nature of the phylogenetic tree frames plausible hypotheses which explain the current biogeographic pattern we see. Where there are two sets of marsupial mammals separated by the Pacific, but where the spatial pattern does not perfectly correspondent to the phylogenetic relationship. Here is a figure from a 2004 paper:
Australian and South American marsupials are color coded. As you can see, Dromiciops, Monito del Monte, is nested within the monophyletic clade which includes all the Australian mammals. But, the aforementioned paper was based on mitochondrial DNA. The DNA passed along the maternal lineage, easy to extract and amplify, as well as analyze (because of the lack of recombination). But for the purposes of exposing such deep time relationships mtDNA may not be optimal, and should not be the last word.
Much of the “guts” of the paper was obviously computational, and wasn’t explored in detail within the text. So let’s jump to the outcome, the new branch of the tree of life for marsupials:
Ah, now you see that Australian marsupials are a monophyletic clade! The Monito del Monte is no longer nested within their own lineage, but is now an outgroup. It would be peculiar if it was not the closest of the outgroups, so its positioning is reasonable in terms of what we’d expect. From the discussion:
Given the limitations just mentioned, the retroposon marker system identified a clear separation between the South American and Australasian marsupials. Thus, the current findings support a simple paleobiogeographic hypothesis, indicating only a single effective migration from South America to Australia, which is remarkable given that South America, Antarctica, and Australia were connected in the South Gondwanan continent for a considerable time.
The search for diagnostic South American or Australidelphian marsupial morphological characters has been so far confounded by the lack of a resolved marsupial phylogeny…The newly established marsupial tree can now be applied not only to morphological and paleontological studies but also to clearly distinguish genomic changes.
Life is not always parsimonious, but when more powerful techniques which can resolve issues to a greater degree of precision produce more parsimony, then the world is as it should be in science. The main curiosity I have is to wonder if the outcome isn’t a little too convenient for the generation of more elegant paleontological models. I’m not casting doubt on the integrity of the researchers, but with methods which require such heavy cognitive lifting, and operationally are a touch opaque because of the technical component, one would be assuaged by replication. I believe we will be in the future. If we have $1,000 genomes for human beings in a few years, NSF grants for taxonomists who lean on genomics may go a lot further in 2020.
Image Credit: José Luis Bartheld from Valdivia, Chile
Citation: Nilsson MA, Churakov G, Sommer M, Tran NV, Zemann A, Brosius J, & Schmitz J (2010). Tracking marsupial evolution using archaic genomic retroposon insertions. PLoS biology, 8 (7) PMID: 20668664
Advanced Free Verison of Linux
I want to download advanced freeversion of Linux. Just tell me whether various messengers can run on them or not.
From where I should download it? And how should I make it my choice of operating system while booting?
Advantage of Hot Runner System
Hot runner system is an advanced technology that apply on the plastic injection mould thermal insulation runner system, is a hot point that injection molding developed.
So called hot runner molding, is the process that the material keep the molten state from the injection machine nozzle to
FPS Brick
FPS Bricks : What is full word stand for F P S
Dead Weight Tester Parts
What are the parts of:
Ametek HydraLite Hydraulic Deadweight Tester?
Is the tester oil refillable?