Stuttering treatment can include easy onset, block release, prolongations and some uses of different programs such as Speak Freely and Lithgow methods. Understand the difference of these treatments with the helpful tips offered by a speech and language pathologist in this free video on stuttering treatment.
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Speech Language Pathology : Stuttering Treatment
This is the second lecture in a series of 4 lectures entitled "An Introduction to BioMEMS and Bionanotechnology". In this lecture, the basics of microbiology and microfluidics are explored. on nanoHUB: nanohub.org
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Lecture 2: Essentials of Microbiology, Introduction to Microfluidics
Frontiers of Biomedical Engineering (BENG 100) Professor Saltzman continues his presentation on DNA technology by discussing control of gene expression using two methods of RNA silencing: anti-sense therapy and RNA interference.
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4. Genetic Engineering (cont.)
http://www.FreeScienceLectures.com First the DNA Wrapping is animated. The wrapping allows 6 feet of the long DNA molecule to be densely packed into the tiny nucleus of every cell. The process starts when DNA is wrapped around special protein molecules called histones
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Molecular Biology Visualization of DNA
http://www.globalchange.com Some animals do not get old in normal way. No evidence of ageing process in some rockfish, humpback whales. New research suggests may be possible one day to slow down or reverse ageing process
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Stop getting old - reverse aging? New research into ageing process as a disease with potential for treatment. Anti-aging therapies and future health...
Describes how and where hurricanes are formed, their structure, and how they cause damage.
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Anatomy of a Hurricane
A new paper in The American Journal of Physical Anthropology surveys the variation of genes across latitudes and longitudes. The authors found that both latitude and longitude were significant in the Americas, while only latitude was significant in Eurasia. They used microsatellites, which is fine by me. The main issue which they acknowledge is that their sampling of populations is rather sparse in certain areas. Let me jump to their conclusion:
Our results suggest a reduced speed for gene flow in the Americas since its initial peopling that, even after accounting for lower levels of genetic diversity in Native American populations, has led to more genetic differentiation in the Americas than that observed between Eurasian populations. Not only is the level of genetic differentiation greater between Native American populations, but it is greater per kilometer of latitudinal distance than genetic differentiation between Eurasian populations per kilometer of longitudinal distance. If a lack of gene flow between populations is an indication of little cultural interaction (i.e., assuming that technologies travel by demic diffusion), then a lower latitudinal rate of gene flow suggested for Native American populations may partly explain the relatively slower diffusion of crops and technologies through the Americas, when compared with the corresponding diffusion in Eurasia. Thus, our result that genetic differentiation increases more rapidly with latitudinal distance between Native American populations than with longitudinal distance between Eurasian populations supports the hypothesis of a primary influence for continental axes of orientation on the diffusion of technology in Eurasia and the Americas (Fig. 1).
In some ways this paper is extending and testing the argument in Guns, Germs, and Steel. Here is my primary concern: agriculture may have radically reshaped the genetic variation patterns in Eurasia over the last 10,000 years. This is especially obviously true in Southeast Asia. The variation that we see in the New World among indigenous people may then be a snapshot of a region where mass population replacements had just not gotten as advanced in the Old World. It seems that gene flow and cultural exchange would have a much more explosive connection than is implied in the model of demic diffusion used to generate many of the statistics in the above paper.
Rasmus Nielsen has a long response below to the issue of the getting some sort of consent from Aboriginals in the local region in regards to a specimen from a deceased individual. He has a full entry on this at the new weblog of his research group.
As an aside, let me say that it is heartening to see such an eminent young scientist put up an initial post where he forthrightly states that “We will use this space to spread our opinions about the state of affairs in evolutionary genomics. If you disagree with us – leave a comment.” This makes me less skeptical of the medium term future which Joe Pickrell outlined last summer in relation to peer review. More specifically in this case it would be interesting to see what exchanges, disagreements, and agreements, the authors of the Science Aboriginal genomics paper had with the authors of the broader Denisovan admixture paper in The American Journal of Human Genetics. My friends at IB surely know if there was any such exchange, but it feels kind of lame asking people for possible personal communication constantly.
Going back to Nielsen’s post he contends that it would be the “nice thing” for him to do to consult his sibling if he was going to disclose genetic information which might have broader impact upon him (in this case, the potential presence of a gene predisposing someone to Alzheimer’s). I think that’s key: I don’t have much of an issue with scientists who follow their conscience, and try to be decent human beings. Scientists are people too; not just analytic computation machines. The problem is when a legal framework emerges which regulates what science is, and isn’t, done. Obviously at the boundary I totally agree with the idea that science has some ethical constraints. We wouldn’t want a thousand Mengele’s to bloom. But I think the legal threshold should be set rather high. If governmental bodies begin to regulate the bounds of scientific inquiry at a fine-grained level that’s a pretty strong incentive for aspiring Leon Kass’ to take over such agencies.
PSU Researchers Study Relationship of Green Roofs and Solar Panels – Photo from solar.pdx.edu
A symbiotic relationship might exist from solar panels that benefit from the decrease in temperature that green roofs provide, when the two are combined, while green roofs benefit from solar panels that provide shade in hot summer months. Since Portland is known for having many buildings that boast green roofs and solar panels, who thought that combining the two would make for a perfect match.
The Portland State University researchers are looking into the effects of combining single-cell silicon photovoltaic (PV) solar panels with green roof technology. The project they came up with, located on the roof of PSU’s Science Building 2, consists of four pans totaling 720 square feet of planting area for the green roofs with PV panels donated by SolarWorld partially shading the back half of the pans. The project is funded in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation of more than $600,000 for three years, and was installed in 2010.
The data collected from panels is posted online for everyone to see. You can chart by year, week, or by 48 hours. It’s actually kind of neat to see historical data of total collected energy during winter months. If you notice how much energy is collected during summer months, and if you were to compare that to your own utility bill, would you be able to stay within that energy budget?
One of the advantages of green roofs is that they absorb water that would flow off a traditional roof and into the sewers. In a 2002 report looking into the water retention capabilities of two green roofs in Portland, BES calculated that 69 percent of all rainfall was absorbed.
Other advantages of green roofs include:
More relevant to the PSU project, green roofs lower the temperature of the air around them. The researchers believe that since the silicone in a PV panel is a semiconductor, and semiconductors are more efficient when they’re cooler, locating arrays over the green roofs might increase their output.
On the other side of the equation, the PV panels provide shade for the plants. While the rain may seem as if it never stops during the Portland winters, it can be hard to come by in the summer when average monthly rainfall is approximately three inches and 30-60 day stretches without any rain at all are common.
Because of the lack of moisture during the summer, green roofs in Portland are usually planted with sedum, a succulent plant native to the area that holds moisture and weathers the summers better than many other plants. They still suffer heat damage, though. By shading the plants, the PV panels protect them and allow them to stay healthier and more efficient year-round. The researchers think the efficiency of the roofs and panels can be increased even more through irrigation and greater biodiversity on the green roof portion.
To explore the idea that biodiversity can improve the efficiency of the green roofs and the solar panels, the researchers planted two of the pans with a sedum mix, and two of the pans with a mixture of sedum and herbaceous plants such as sage, thyme, grasses, and yarrow. Over the summer, the team has been irrigating one sedum pan and one mixed pan, while letting the other two dry out naturally.
From the 1956 movie The Conqueror:
1) Weird search query of the week: “choropleth of jehovah witness population.”
2 Your weekly fluff fix:
There was some speculation last week about which nation would have everyone sequenced first. We now have a contender, the Faroe Islands, a self-governing Danish dependency (they’re not part of the E.U.) is going to try and sequence most of the population of ~50,000 over the next five years:
Around 100 people who are likely to be chosen at random will be sequenced this year. The project will then be extended to 1,000 people, followed by the whole population, with the aim of sequencing everybody within five years.
The full project, which is expected to cost around 257 million Danish kroner ($47 million), involves scientists from Baylor University, Texas and from the UK’s University of Oxford.
That comes to $940 per person over the five years. I assume that they have some reasonable estimates of the real decline in genome sequencing costs over the next five years. And remember, just because they’re the first out of the gates in aim does not mean that they’ll be first to the finish line. There are small Gulf Arab nations, like Qatar, which have more money to throw at such projects, and because of high inbreeding coefficients more practical medical rationales for a database of whole genome sequences (e.g., select the niece or nephew you want to have your child marry by the lowest shared number of deleterious mutations).
(via Dan MacArthur)
In light of growing health care costs and the demographic reality of an aging profession stories like this one in The New York Times are both depressing and hopeful. Calling the Nurse ‘Doctor,’ a Title Physicians Oppose:
But while all physician organizations support the idea of teamwork, not all physicians are willing to surrender the traditional understanding that they should be the ones to lead the team. Their training is so extensive, physicians argue, that they alone should diagnose illnesses. Nurses respond that they are perfectly capable of recognizing a vast majority of patient problems, and they have the studies to prove it. The battle over the title “doctor” is in many ways a proxy for this larger struggle.
…
Six to eight years of collegiate and graduate education generally earn pharmacists, physical therapists and nurses the right to call themselves “doctors,” compared with nearly twice that many years of training for most physicians. For decades, a bachelor’s degree was all that was required to become a pharmacist. That changed in 2004 when a doctorate replaced the bachelor’s degree as the minimum needed to practice. Physical therapists once needed only bachelor’s degrees, too, but the profession will require doctorates of all students by 2015 — the same year that nursing leaders intend to require doctorates of all those becoming nurse practitioners.
…
Nursing is filled with multiple specialties requiring varying levels of education, from a high school equivalency degree for nursing assistants to a master’s degree for nurse practitioners. Those wishing to become nurse anesthetists will soon be required to earn doctorates, but otherwise there are presently no practical or clinical differences between nurses who earn master’s degrees and those who get doctorates.
I applaud the wider distribution of medical services outside of the licensing monopoly of M.D.s. As an empirical matter I think there was a practical reason for the professionalization of medicine in the 20th century and the emergence of degree holding as necessary. To be frank about it for most of human history doctors were frauds or butchers. Modern medicine in the 20th century was a major revolution in that sense (though doctors are only part of it, the rise of an effective pharmaceutical industry is probably just as important if not more so). But the arrow of history does not always move in one direction, and we live in an “information age.” Doctors are human, and therefore fallible. They need the aid of both their patients and various other medical professionals to optimize health outcomes. The paternalistic model is just not viable in the long run, especially as the median educational qualifications of their patients keeps rising.
But notice that in this case we’re seeing greater and greater credentialism in fields which were traditionally perceived to be auxiliary to medical doctors. This is not a good sign. Instead of challenging the unquestioned prominence of medical doctors in domains where nurses are sufficient and more cost effective, the nursing profession is “fighting fire with fire.” This is not going to end well. Having to pile on education removes productive years in the work force. This is justifiable when education results in gains in productivity, but just as in education, I suspect that all the extra years for physical therapists and nurses is not doing anything but signalling, and further tightening up labor supply as the number of patients keeps on increasing because of the aging of the population.
For all you Occupy Wall Street folks:
David Dobbs points me to a story in Popular Science which tracks the controversy around the “arsenic life” hypothesis, and its effects on Felisa Wolfe-Simon. Back in the days before the internet you’d read the story as an outsider and get a particular take. A long narrative by its nature primes us in a certain direction through the framing of the major points. But the internet does exist. So Carl Zimmer put up a blog post highlighting a chronology which undercuts one of the implications of the Popular Science piece, or at least one of the talking points of Felisa Wolfe-Simon. This elicited a response from the author of the piece, which Carl posted. Even if you’re not deep into the weeds of the “arsenic life” controversy (I’m not) it is still fascinating to see how a conversation which might have been hidden in the back channels is now relatively transparent. Science itself it is the conversation that tells the true tale. A conventional general interest reader might stop at the Popular Science piece, but those outside of science but more deeply curious are going to now be privy to the continuous conversation.
I've got a 1999 Dodge Caravan mini van. I'm getting the feeling the alternator isn't feeding the battery.
Back in the old days when I knew how to work on cars, I would just pull the positive terminal while the car was running to check the alternator.
Is it still okay to use this method with the ne
Can any one tell me how to calculate ct sizing for two winding transformer differential ct's and how can we know that our selected ct is okay or not? please elabrote.
Data:
Trafo MVA= 115/57.5/57.5 MVA
primary side voltage= 11.5 kv
secondary side voltage= 220kv
please tell me if anyone want mor
If you were wondering what was going on with the bright new supernova in the spiral galaxy M101, it’s now getting very difficult to observe due to its proximity to the Sun in the sky. But happily my friend, the accomplished astronomer Travis Rector, got a shot of it using the Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. I would venture to say it’s one of the prettiest ones I’ve seen so far:
[Click to Chandrasekharenate.]
This was taken on September 18th, and the supernova is the bright blue star above and to the right of the center of the picture (to the left of the fuzzy red nebula). Pictures like this are important in pinning down the exact location of the supernova in the galaxy, so that after it fades the potential prescursor star can be found (though in this case, we already have pretty decent Hubble images of the field). Also, of course, big telescopes with sensitive detectors can give very accurate brightness measurements, which are absolutely critical in understanding how these objects change with time. This particular flavor of supernova is key to our understanding the size and scale of the Universe itself, so the more data — and the more accurate the data — we have, the better.
Image credit: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage), H. Schweiker & S. Pakzad NOAO/AURA/NSF
Related posts:
- AAS 15: Travisty of astronomy (links to many of Travis Rector’s must-see photos!)
- Supernova update: it’s peaking now!
- M101 supernova update
- AstroAlert: Type Ia supernova in M101!
- Dwarf merging makes for an explosive combo
- Hubble delivers again: M101
General Biology Lecture
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Biology 1A - Lecture 7: Cell membrane structure and transpor
Yup, De_Dust2 for mutation mode. Sorry if it took a while but this gameplay will have a part #2
