Health care insurance: Aetna to buy Coventry in $5.7 billion deal

Aetna will buy Coventry Health Care for $5.7 billion as the insurance industry realigns itself to better navigate the massive government health care overhaul.

The Hartford, Conn., company said Monday that it would pay $42.08 for each share of Coventry stock. That includes $27.30 in cash and a portion of its stock. The price represents a 20 percent premium on Coventry's Friday closing price of $34.94. The deal is valued at $7.3 billion, including debt from Coventry Health Care Inc., which is based in Bethesda, Md.

The acquisition ramps up Aetna's Medicare Advantage and Medicare prescription drug businesses, and it will grow the insurer's Medicaid business. Medicaid is the state-federal program that provides coverage for the needy and disabled that is targeted for expansion under the health care overhaul.

Millions of uninsured Americans are expected to gain coverage starting in 2014 through Medicaid as part of the overhaul, which also will offer subsidies to help more people buy private insurance coverage. States hire insurers to offer Medicaid coverage to their residents.

Medicare Advantage plans are privately run versions of the government's Medicare coverage for the elderly and also the disabled. Insurers have seen interest in these plans soar in recent years, as the baby boomer generation ages and becomes eligible for the subsidized coverage.

Medicaid and Medicare Advantage represent relatively small slices of Aetna's enrollment. All told, Aetna said the deal will raise the percentage of revenue it draws from government business to 30 percent, from 23 percent.

Shares of Coventry jumped more than 20 percent, or $7.15, to $42.09 Monday in pre-market trading

Big health insurers are turning their focus more to Medicaid.

Last month, Blue Cross-Blue Shield insurer WellPoint Inc. said it would spend $4.46 billion to buy another insurer that specializes in Medicaid, Amerigroup Corp. Last year, Cigna Corp. said it would buy HealthSpring for nearly $4 billion as it grabbed for a share of Medicare revenue.

Insurers also see growth opportunities in Medicaid due to patients who are eligible for both that program and Medicare. States are starting to move these so-called "dual eligible" residents into managed care programs that coordinate care and cut wasteful spending.

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Health care insurance: Aetna to buy Coventry in $5.7 billion deal

Health care law calls for rebates, but is vague on where they go and how they're spent

Congratulations, Pennsylvania businesses and residents. Youve just been handed $51.5 million, courtesy of the federal Affordable Care Act.

The health care reform law requires insurers to rebate money spent on excess administrative costs. But even as checks arrived in the mail and credits appeared on statements, the rules governing how the money can be spent are hazy.

Companies received rebates through the beginning of this month in the form of checks or credits toward future premiums. In Pennsylvania, rebates for individuals averaged $238. Statewide, rebates totaled $345,669 for small businesses and $30.5 million for large employers.

Three midstate health insurance heavyweights Capital BlueCross, Highmark and Geisinger Health Plan didnt issue rebates. HealthAmerica reported that it did not issue rebates to customers in HMO and in-area PPO plans but did to out-of-area PPO and individual plans underwritten by parent company Coventry Health and Life Insurance Co.

Highmark has historically operated its business very efficiently, said Vik Mangalmurti, vice president of Highmarks office of health care reform.

Under the ACA, health insurers are required to spend at least 80 percent of revenue from premiums paid by individuals and small employers, or 85 percent from large employers, on health-related benefits. The law defines small employers as those with up to 100 people, although Pennsylvania took the federal option allowing states to set it at 50 or fewer.

Insurers that exceeded the maximum allowed for administrative costs an amount that depended on how many workers were being insured had to rebate a prorated share of the total excess to customers. Administrative costs include salaries, marketing and fraud prevention.

Businesses that receive rebates must, in essence, return the money to employees either outright or through such efforts as wellness programs.

Employers have 90 days after getting the money to decide what to do, but Vince Phillips, lobbyist for the Pennsylvania Association of Health Underwriters in Hampden Twp., said its not clear-cut.

I feel so sorry for employers right now. I really do, Phillips said. Theyve got to try to rebuild their economy, and now theyve got to figure out a labyrinth of federal rules.

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Health care law calls for rebates, but is vague on where they go and how they're spent

Sprig Health Extends Services to Washington State

SEATTLE, Aug. 20, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --Sprig Health, an online health care marketplace that provides customers with direct access to medical care, today announced its service is available in Washington state. Sprig Health provides a pre-paid health care option that gives patients a convenient way to schedule appointments with local doctors and save up to 50 percent below the full market rate of services.

"Not only is the website easy to use, the savings are tremendous," said Kristina McDaniel, a customer of Sprig Health. "After I was diagnosed with kidney cancer, I was overwhelmed with medical costs. Sprig allowed me to get the follow-up treatments I needed at a fraction of the cost compared with going directly through the doctor's office. I truly believe Sprig Health is changing the face of health care."

Sprig Health is available to consumers regardless of insurance coverage and offers discounted rates through a unique "no-insurance" model. Because the system eliminates providers' administrative involvement with billing and insurance paperwork, the health service providers can select to pass the savings on to the patient. Patients book and pay for their visit in advance with a credit card via a secure online transaction at SprigHealth.com. For example, women's wellness exams are available through Sprig for a 50 percent savings when compared to the average market rate of $450 to $600 when booking and paying for an appointment directly with the provider or doctor's office.

"Approximately 14.5 percent of Washington's population is uninsured and those with coverage often face high deductibles to help keep premiums down," said Kris Gorriaran, president of Sprig Health. "We're excited that Via Radiology is bringing their specialized expertise and patient focused approach to individuals seeking state-of-the-art imaging."

Providers are able to maximize appointment books and fill last-minute cancellations, allowing them to maintain and grow their practices. Working with Sprig Health reduces administrative costs and allows doctors an efficient way to attract cash paying patients.

"We are happy to partner with Sprig Health to provide uninsured individuals a convenient and affordable way to obtain health care," said Steve Schreiber, chief operating officer at Via Radiology. "Sprig creates another avenue for patients to gain access to our board-certified subspecialty trained physicians and dedicated staff."

Launched last year in Portland, Oregon, Sprig Health has seen tremendous growth and now has more than 200 participating providers. Recent providers in Washington state include North Creek Medicine, Seattle Naturopathy Acupuncture and Birth Center, and Westside Family Clinic. Sprig is currently recruiting doctors in the Seattle/Tacoma area to offer preventative services, urgent care, complementary care, dental services, diagnostic imaging, pediatric care and more. To sign up as a provider or as a patient, please visit sprighealth.com for more information.

About Sprig HealthSprig Health is a company based in Portland, Oregon, that believes everyone should have access to affordable health care. Sprig offers individuals a simple way to schedule and pay online for a doctor's appointment at savings up to 50 percent below the standard market rate. Its mission is to provide a marketplace that connects cash-paying patients with trusted health care providers. Sprig is a subsidiary of Cambia Health Solutions, a leading health company headquartered in the Pacific Northwest/Intermountain region. For more information about Sprig Health, please visit http://www.SprigHealth.com or call 855-697-7744 (855-MY-SPRIG).

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Sprig Health Extends Services to Washington State

Genetically engineered algae for biofuel pose potential risks

ScienceDaily (Aug. 20, 2012) Algae are high on the genetic engineering agenda as a potential source for biofuel, and they should be subjected to independent studies of any environmental risks that could be linked to cultivating algae for this purpose, two prominent researchers say.

Writing in the August 2012 issue of the journal BioScience, the researchers argue that ecology experts should be among scientists given independent authority and adequate funding to explore any potential unintended consequences of this technological pursuit.

A critical baseline concern is whether genetically engineered algae would be able to survive in the wild, said Allison Snow, professor of evolution, ecology and organismal biology at Ohio State University and lead author of the paper.

"If they're grown in big, open ponds, which is mainly what were talking about, could the newer types of microalgae get out into nature and mingle? We need to know if they can survive and whether they can hybridize or evolve to become more prolific when they get out of a controlled environment," Snow said.

"If they can survive, we also need to know whether some types of genetically engineered blue-green algae, for example, could produce toxins or harmful algal blooms -- or both," Snow noted.

And because algae are so small and could be dispersed by rough weather or wildlife activity, biologists worry that any transgenes they contain to enhance their growth and strength could be transferred to other species in a way that could upset a fragile ecosystem.

"The applications are new and the organisms are less well-known. They range from being very tame 'lab rats' that won't survive in nature to wild organisms that can presumably cross with each other unless some measures are taken to prevent crossing. It's a very new situation," Snow said.

Snow co-authored the article with aquatic ecologist Val Smith, a professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Kansas.

Snow has a history in this area of research. She led a study in 2002 that was the first to show that a gene artificially inserted into crop plants to fend off pests could migrate to weeds in a natural environment and make the weeds stronger. She also has served on national panels that monitor and make recommendations about the release of genetically engineered species into the environment.

There are a lot of unknowns about this area of research and development in microalgae, and that's largely because algae don't have the breeding history that, say, corn and soybeans have, Snow said. In addition, few details are publicly available because much of this information remains confidential as businesses compete to be the first to commercialize their genetically altered algae.

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Genetically engineered algae for biofuel pose potential risks

How well is depression in women being diagnosed and treated?

Public release date: 20-Aug-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Vicki Cohn vcohn@liebertpub.com 914-740-2100 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News

New Rochelle, NY, August 20, 2012Major depression affects as many as 16% of reproductive-aged women in the U.S. Yet pregnant women have a higher rate of undiagnosed depression than nonpregnant women, according to a study published in Journal of Women's Health, a peer-reviewed publication from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available free on the Journal of Women's Health website at http://www.liebertpub.com/jwh.

Jean Ko, PhD and coauthors from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, found that more than 1 in 10 women ages 18-44 years had a major depressive event during the previous yearrepresenting about 1.2 million U.S. womenbut more than half of those women did not receive a diagnosis of depression and nearly half did not receive any mental health treatment. The article "Depression and Treatment among U.S. Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age, 2005-2009," further reports that disparities in receiving a diagnosis and treatment were associated with younger age, belonging to a racial/ethnic minority, and insurance status.

The accompanying Editorial entitled "Depression: Is Pregnancy Protective?" by Jennifer Payne, MD, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, explores the ongoing challenges in the adequate diagnosis and treatment of major depression, the additional factors that come into play during pregnancy, and the implications of the Ko et al. study results.

"As health care providers, we simply must do a better job at diagnosing depression and referring women for mental health treatment. Reproductive health care visits provide an opportune time to address this ," says Susan G. Kornstein, MD, Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Women's Health, Executive Director of the Virginia Commonwealth University Institute for Women's Health, Richmond, VA, and President of the Academy of Women's Health.

###

About the Journal

Journal of Women's Health, published monthly, is a core multidisciplinary journal dedicated to the diseases and conditions that hold greater risk for or are more prevalent among women, as well as diseases that present differently in women. The Journal covers the latest advances and clinical applications of new diagnostic procedures and therapeutic protocols for the prevention and management of women's healthcare issues. Tables of content and a sample issue may be viewed on the Journal of Women's Health website at http://www.liebertpub.com/jwh. Journal of Women's Health is the Official Journal of the Academy of Women's Health.

About the Society

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How well is depression in women being diagnosed and treated?

Hypocrisy ends hero's freedom to preach

Illustration: John Shakespeare

Julian Assange rose to fame as a principled and plucky champion of freedom of speech. His decision to publish millions of leaked US government documents on WikiLeaks was principled because it was in the cause of freedom of speech and the accountability of the powerful.

It was plucky because of the extraordinary weight of official anger that it was certain to bring down on his head. The US Vice-President, Joe Biden, called him ''a high-tech terrorist'' for the damage he was doing to the US intelligence and diplomatic systems.

Sarah Palin said he should be ''hunted down like bin Laden''.

There were valid complaints that WikiLeaks had not taken the responsible precaution of vetting the names of US agents and informers whose lives and families could be in sudden danger. But Assange's policy of ''publish and be damned'' in the interests of free speech was in the best traditions of brave journalism.

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His principled courage won him millions of admirers around the world. Many signed petitions and donated money.

''If I released the Pentagon Papers today, the same rhetoric and the same calls would be made about me,'' said Daniel Ellsberg, the former US Defence Department official who leaked the secret study of the Vietnam War in 1971. ''I would be called not only a traitor, which I was [called] then, which was false and slanderous, but I would be called a terrorist.'' Ellsberg is now regarded as a hero. This might have been Assange's destiny, too.

The moment Assange decided to seek shelter in Ecuador, however, he betrayed the principles he claimed to represent. He made donkeys of everyone who had defended him.

Why? Because Ecuador, under its President of the last five years, Rafael Correa, has become one of the world's leading oppressors of free speech. Correa has appropriated, closed and intimidated many media outlets critical of his government. He has sued journalists for crippling damages.

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Hypocrisy ends hero's freedom to preach

Ex-Freedom High student to face charges of plotting school attack

By ELAINE SILVESTRINI | The Tampa Tribune Published: August 20, 2012 Updated: August 20, 2012 - 12:54 PM

TAMPA A former Freedom High School student will face charges alleging he plotted a Columbine-style attack at the school, a Circuit Court judge has ruled.

Jared Cano's plans to blow up the school were nothing more than a "half-baked scheme," according to his lawyer, Norman S. Canella Sr., who filed a motion asking a judge to dismiss charges of threatening to discharge a destructive device and attempting to discharge a destructive device with intention to harm.

Canella argued that the items assembled by Cano including a timer, pipes and chemicals could not have exploded or hurt anyone.

But Assistant State Attorney John Terry said it doesn't matter under the law whether Cano's bomb would have succeeded.

Cano told a high school student about his plans, and the student was concerned enough to go to police and become an informant, Terry said. Cano made a timer and compiled bomb ingredients and instructions.

"The Legislature wants to stop these people before they actually make these bombs," Terry said during a hearing last Month before Circuit Court Judge Kimberly Fernandez.

Fernandez has issued a written order denying the defense motion, siding with the prosecution. Fernandez wrote that a jury could reasonably conclude that Cano's actions fulfilled the legal requirements for a conviction.

"I was disappointed, but not shocked," Canella said Monday. "I need to consult with my client. Obviously, there is a real possibility of an appeal."

Cano, who had been expelled from the school, was arrested in August 2011 after authorities said they received a tip Cano wanted to bomb the school. Police searched his family's apartment and said they found bomb-making material, marijuana plants and a "manifesto" containing minute-by-minute plans to kill two school officials and at least 30 students.

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Ex-Freedom High student to face charges of plotting school attack

Freedom Rally for Another Victory over Southern Illinois

August 19, 2012 - Frontier League (FL) Florence Freedom Florence, KY-The Florence Freedom(46-38)defeated the Southern Illinois Miners(49-34) 6-3 Sunday night as they took two out of three against the Miners. The Freedom are now trailing Gateway by 2.5 games for the final wild card spot with 12 games to play.

The Miners scored first against Freedom starter Brandon Mathes who earned a no decision. In the 3rd inning, Cory Harrilchak lined a ground rule double down the right field line giving them a 1-0 lead. The Freedom tied the game in their 3rd. With two outs and two on, Peter Fatse found a hole through the right side of the infield singling home Pierre LePage to tie the game at 1-1. In the 4th, the Miners got back to back RBI doubles from Jason Ganek and Chris Anderson to claim a 3-1 advantage. The Freedom tied the game for the second time in the 6th. Junior Arrojo drew a walk and later scored on Eddie Rodriguez's two run homer to left field. Rodriguez homered for the second straight game giving him now nine on the season.

The Freedom put together a two out rally in the 7th to secure the lead for good. John Malloy got on base with a walk. David Harris then drove one to center field for an RBI double scoring Malloy to give the Freedom a 4-3 lead. Arrojo followed with an RBI single as did Fatse to put them ahead 6-3. Fatse finished the game going 3-4 with 2 RBI.

The Miners threatened against closer Jorge Marban in the 9th. They had two runners on, but Marban struck out Javier Herrera and got Chad Maddox to hit into a force out play at third base to end the game. It was Marban's 10th save of the season and his fifth in the last seven games.

Mathes went 6 innings allowing 7 hits and 3 runs with 2 walks and 2 strikeouts.

The Freedom will have Monday off before hosting the Joliet Slammers on Tuesday night. Joliet will feature RHP Steven Maxwell(6-8, 3.98) as the Freedom will counter with LHP Andres Caceres(7-3, 4.40). The game can be heard starting at 6:50 with Steve Jarnicki on Real Talk 1160 AM and realtalk1160.com.

Discuss this story on the Frontier League message board... Digg this story Add to Del.icio.us

The opinions expressed in this release are those of the organization issuing it, and do not necessarily reflect the thoughts or opinions of OurSports Central or its staff.

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Freedom Rally for Another Victory over Southern Illinois

Madcatz Cyborg S.T.R.I.K.E. 7 Gaming Keyboard

For $299.99, you get this 5-piece modular keyboard from MadCatz the S.T.R.I.K.E. 7. The keyboard concept looks like it was completely taken from the Transformers movie.

The Madcatz Cyborg S.T.R.I.K.E. 7 comes with a full metal chassis, assembled from five interlocking hardware modules the main keyboard, palm rest, numeric keypad, a function strip and a V.E.N.O.M. touchscreen.

Check out the video below and see how it works:

This is the most complicated gaming keyboard weve ever seen. The Madcatz Cyborg S.T.R.I.K.E. 7 was released and ready for shipment (they got an online store) for a price tag of $299.99.

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Madcatz Cyborg S.T.R.I.K.E. 7 Gaming Keyboard

Italian tax inspectors go undercover on beaches

As millions of Italians soak up the sun on their annual summer holidays, not even the beaches are safe from the scrutiny of the countrys tax police.

Tax officers have resorted to going undercover in board shorts, T-shirts and sunglasses to root out tax evasion among stabilimenti the operators who hire out umbrellas, changing cabins and sun loungers to beachgoers.

Members of the Guardia di Finanza normally wear military-style grey uniforms with elaborate braiding and epaulettes, but a team of officers donned beachwear so as to pass incognito while they carried out their spot checks.

In the Adriatic resort of Rimini , famed for its miles of golden beaches and lively bars and nightclubs, they found that 15 out of 36 beach-hire businesses were breaking the law by failing to give out receipts for their services. The blitz, as it was dubbed by the Italian press, was carried out last week to coincide with the Ferragosto national holiday, when most of the country is basting in the sunshine at coastal resorts.

The agents carried out the checks on a broad stretch of beach either side of the five-star Grand Hotel, a famous establishment which featured in the films of Federico Fellini, who grew up in Rimini.

Many of the owners of the beach-hire businesses are suspected of having evaded taxes for years, depositing their money in bank accounts in the nearby independent republic of San Marino, which is trying to shake off its reputation as a shady tax haven.

Similar results were obtained when inspectors checked bathing establishments in Ostia, a popular beach resort near Rome 62 out of 95 businesses were caught out not giving receipts to their customers.

Italys fight against tax evasion received has renewed impetus under the technical administration of Mario Monti , the former European commissioner who replaced Silvio Berlusconi in November (Stuttgart: A0Z24E - news) .

Mr Monti said on Sunday that the country was in a state of war against tax evaders. Tax evasion badly damages the perception of Italy abroad, Mr Monti said in an interview with news magazine Tempi .

I think Italy finds itself in difficulty above all because of this phenomenon and finds itself in a 'state of war. There are rich Italians who systematically do not pay their taxes.

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Italian tax inspectors go undercover on beaches

Seaweed on Manatee beaches a growing concern with RNC nearing

Seaweed has littered most Anna Maria Island beaches since Tropical Storm Debby in late June. MARC R. MASFERRER/Bradenton Herald.

HOLMES BEACH -- It's green. It smells. And it attracts bugs.

It also will become the first impression of area beaches for thousands of visitors staying in Manatee County for the Republican Nation Convention next week.

Tourism officials are concerned a seaweed problem they label as the worst in decades will scare off RNC attendees expected to sneak off for a quick beach visit at some point during their stays.

After a one-week hiatus, the seaweed is back. And it looks like it's here to stay at least through the convention.

The county has been working daily to rake the beaches, but turtle nesting season has restricted those efforts some. About 20 minutes after the shore has been cleared, more of the deep-sea algae is washing right back up, said Cindy Turner, director of Manatee County Parks and Recreation.

"I have never seen anything like this in the 12 years I have been director of parks and recreation here," she said. "We're doing everything we can to control the issue."

Turner said it's still unclear exactly what triggered the seaweed explosion, but it all began directly after Tropical Storm Debby.

Although not harmful, the dead leafy stuff has become a nuisance for Anna Maria Island resorts and restaurateurs now fielding complaints from their guests. As the GOP convention nears, business owners fear those grievances will only amplify.

The topic became the focus of a Manatee Tourist Development Council meeting Monday morning at Holmes Beach City Hall, where an update on the county's mitigation efforts was presented.

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Seaweed on Manatee beaches a growing concern with RNC nearing

Cork beaches remain closed pending test results

Cork County Council has advised against swimming at the beaches due to concerns about levels of the E coli bacteria in the water.

The council said further sampling was carried out today at Youghal, Claycastle, Redbarn, Coolmain, Garretstown, Oysterhaven and Garryvoe beaches.

They said the results of the tests will be available on Wednesday evening.

Public notices banning swimming were first posted last Friday.

Cork County Council said the closures were introduced as a precautionary measure after heavy rainfall over the last two months caused the levels of E coli at the beaches to breach EU mandatory permitted values.

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Cork beaches remain closed pending test results

Dangerous E.coli levels close some of Cork's best-known beaches

The Irish Times - Monday, August 20, 2012

OLIVIA KELLEHER

A NUMBER of Corks best known beaches remained closed to bathers yesterday after dangerous levels of E.coli were found in the water.

Due to heavy rainfall over the last two months Cork County Council has warned that levels of E.coli at a number of Cork beaches have breached EU permitted levels.

The local authority has banned swimming in blue flag beaches at Garretstown, Redbarn and Garryvoe. Other beaches affected include the Front Strand and Claycastle in Youghal, Coolmaine near Kilbrittain and Oysterhaven.

The closures are a precautionary measure until the water quality has been restored.

The HSE and the Environmental Protection Agency have been contacted.

Youghal councillor and county mayor Barbara Murray says the system of water sampling needs to be changed.

You dont just do this on a Monday and decide you are not going to do it again until the following Monday. So I would be suggesting that it would be done on a more regular basis, and that the results be brought in as soon as possible, said Ms Murray.

Further inspections are to be carried out on the beaches today.

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Dangerous E.coli levels close some of Cork's best-known beaches

E coli closes seven Cork beaches

20 August 2012 Last updated at 08:33 ET

Swimmers have been advised to continue to avoid using seven beaches in County Cork.

Cork County Council said the beaches were closed on Friday after heavy rain over the past two months caused E coli levels to breach EU values.

The council said the result of tests carried out on the water on Monday should be known by Wednesday.

The beaches affected are at Youghal, Claycastle, Redbarn, Coolmaine, Garretstown, Oysterhaven and Garryvoe.

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E coli closes seven Cork beaches

Artificial intelligence allows automated worm sorting

ScienceDaily (Aug. 19, 2012) Research into the genetic factors behind certain disease mechanisms, illness progression and response to new drugs is frequently carried out using tiny multi-cellular animals such as nematodes, fruit flies or zebra fish. Often, progress relies on the microscopic visual examination of many individual animals to detect mutants worthy of further study.

Now, scientists have demonstrated an automated system that uses artificial intelligence and cutting-edge image processing to rapidly examine large numbers of individual Caenorhabditis elegans, a species of nematode widely used in biological research. Beyond replacing existing manual examination steps using microfluidics and automated hardware, the system's ability to detect subtle differences from worm-to-worm -- without human intervention -- can identify genetic mutations that might not have been detected otherwise.

By allowing thousands of worms to be examined autonomously in a fraction of the time required for conventional manual screening, the technique could change the way that high throughput genetic screening is carried out using C. elegans.

Details of the research were scheduled to be reported August 19th in the advance online publication of the journal Nature Methods. The research has been supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

"While humans are very good at pattern recognition, computers are much better than humans at detecting subtle differences, such as small changes in the location of dots or slight variations in the brightness of an image," said Hang Lu, the project's lead researcher and an associate professor in the School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. "This technique found differences that would have been almost impossible to pick out by hand."

Lu's research team is studying genes that affect the formation and development of synapses in the worms, work that could have implications for understanding human brain development. The researchers use a model in which synapses of specific neurons are labeled by a fluorescent protein. Their research involves creating mutations in the genomes of thousands of worms and examining the resulting changes in the synapses. Mutant worms identified in this way are studied further to help understand what genes may have caused the changes in the synapses.

One aspect the researchers are studying is why synapses form in the wrong locations, or are of the wrong sizes or types. The differences between the mutants and the normal or "wild type" worms indicate inappropriate developmental patterns caused by the genetic mutations.

Because of the large number of possible genes involved in these developmental processes, the researchers must examine thousands of worms -- perhaps as many as 100,000 -- to exhaust the search. Lu and her research group had earlier developed a microfluidic "worm sorter" that speeds up the process of examining worms under a microscope, but until now, there were two options for detecting the mutants: a human had to look at each animal, or a simple heuristic algorithm was used to make the sorting decision. Neither option is objective or adaptable to new problems.

Lu's system, an optimized version of earlier work by her group, uses a camera to record three-dimensional images of each worm as it passes through the sorter. The system compares each image set against what it has been taught the "wild type" worms should look like. Worms that are even subtly different from normal can be sorted out for further study.

"We feed the program wild-type images, and it teaches itself to recognize what differentiates the wild type. It uses this information to determine what a mutant type may look like -- which is information we didn't provide to the system -- and sorts the worms based on that," explained Matthew Crane, a graduate student who performed the work. "We don't have to show the computer every possible mutant, and that is very powerful. And the computer never gets bored."

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Artificial intelligence allows automated worm sorting

Artificial intelligence helps detect subtle differences in mutant worms

Public release date: 19-Aug-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: John Toon jtoon@gatech.edu 404-894-6986 Georgia Institute of Technology Research News

Research into the genetic factors behind certain disease mechanisms, illness progression and response to new drugs is frequently carried out using tiny multi-cellular animals such as nematodes, fruit flies or zebra fish.

Often, progress relies on the microscopic visual examination of many individual animals to detect mutants worthy of further study.

Now, scientists have demonstrated an automated system that uses artificial intelligence and cutting-edge image processing to rapidly examine large numbers of individual Caenorhabditis elegans, a species of nematode widely used in biological research. Beyond replacing existing manual examination steps using microfluidics and automated hardware, the system's ability to detect subtle differences from worm-to-worm without human intervention can identify genetic mutations that might not have been detected otherwise.

By allowing thousands of worms to be examined autonomously in a fraction of the time required for conventional manual screening, the technique could change the way that high throughput genetic screening is carried out using C. elegans.

Details of the research were scheduled to be reported August 19th in the advance online publication of the journal Nature Methods. The research has been supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

"While humans are very good at pattern recognition, computers are much better than humans at detecting subtle differences, such as small changes in the location of dots or slight variations in the brightness of an image," said Hang Lu, the project's lead researcher and an associate professor in the School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. "This technique found differences that would have been almost impossible to pick out by hand."

Lu's research team is studying genes that affect the formation and development of synapses in the worms, work that could have implications for understanding human brain development. The researchers use a model in which synapses of specific neurons are labeled by a fluorescent protein. Their research involves creating mutations in the genomes of thousands of worms and examining the resulting changes in the synapses. Mutant worms identified in this way are studied further to help understand what genes may have caused the changes in the synapses.

One aspect the researchers are studying is why synapses form in the wrong locations, or are of the wrong sizes or types. The differences between the mutants and the normal or "wild type" worms indicate inappropriate developmental patterns caused by the genetic mutations.

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Artificial intelligence helps detect subtle differences in mutant worms

Airbus may lift aerospace workforce

MOBILE, Alabama -- The July announcement of an Airbus final assembly plant in Mobile leaves the region with an unanswered question: Can a new top-tier aerospace employer co-exist with existing mid-wage companies in the same industry?

The recent back-and-forth between Mobile and Pensacola over ST Aerospace Mobile brings the issue into focus.

Earlier this month, Pensacola Mayor Ashton Hayward said he expects that an aerospace company now operating in Mobile will expand to his city.

He did not identify the company, but speculation has centered on ST Aerospace Mobile, and officials with that company have confirmed meeting with Pensacola officials.

One of the city's largest industrial employers, ST Aerospace has about 1,500 workers at Brookley Aeroplex, where it maintains and overhauls large airplanes.

Ed Castile, director of Alabama Industrial Development Training program, said it's good to have jobs at a wide range of pay levels within the same industry sector. But, he said, it's also typical that existing companies are nervous when larger industry players such as Airbus or Mercedes Benz come to an area.

"They're concerned they'll lose people, and if the new company pays more per hour, they may lose some employees," he said. "But I think that just by Airbus being there, companies are going to be propelled into other business. All boats are going to rise in this water."

Castile, who is working now with ST Aerospace to find sheet-metal technicians, said he doesn't know what the company will do, but doesn't believe it will leave Mobile.

Airbus Americas spokesperson Mary Anne Greczyn said the company hopes not to take anyone from businesses already in Mobile, but to help grow the workforce and existing companies.

"Our intention is not to disrupt, our intention is to grow the town," she said. "We hope our presence will bring even more companies to the region and more jobs outside of the jobs Airbus will be offering."

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Airbus may lift aerospace workforce

AIAA Complex Aerospace Systems Exchange (CASE) Set for September 11–13

RESTON, Va.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) will hold its inaugural Complex Aerospace Systems Exchange (CASE) September 1113 at the Pasadena Convention Center, Pasadena, Calif. Co-located with the AIAA SPACE 2012 Conference & Exposition, CASE focuses across aerospace, addressing complex programs and projects in both the aviation and space domains.

CASE is an event where chief engineers, systems engineers, and program managers will come together to discuss real problems they face every day running engineering projects, said Mike Griffin, president of AIAA, and the conferences executive chair. We are trying a new format that emphasizes audience participation, with panels instead of papers. Our intent is that people who come to CASE will acquire knowledge and shared experiences that will have immediate value back at the office.

To stimulate discussion and the exchange of best practices among attendees, CASE will offer three tracks of discussion focused on the aerospace systems enterprise: Complex Systems Development; Integration, Test, and Verification of Complex Systems; and Program Management of Robust and Resilient Systems. The track structure will allow attendees to hear multiple perspectives on complex systems issues, helping them to tackle complex problems such as minimizing cost overruns and delays, and mitigating late test failures.

The general chair of CASE is Laura McGill, deputy vice president of engineering, Raytheon Missile Systems, and AIAA vice president for standards. Program chairs include Allen Arrington, engineering manager, Sierra Lobo Inc., and AIAA director-technical, Engineering and Technology Management Group; Paul Collopy, deputy director, University of Alabama Huntsville Center for System Studies; and Abdi Khodadoust, senior manager, Phantom Works, The Boeing Company.

For more information or to register for CASE, please visit http://www.aiaa.org/CASE or contact Duane Hyland at 703.264.7558 or duaneh@aiaa.org. Media registration for the conference is complimentary for credentialed members of the press.

AIAA is the worlds largest technical society dedicated to the global aerospace profession. With more than 35,000 individual members worldwide, and nearly 100 corporate members, AIAA brings together industry, academia, and government to advance engineering and science in aviation, space, and defense. For more information, visit http://www.aiaa.org.

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191-4344 Phone: 703.264.7558 Fax: 703.264.7551 http://www.aiaa.org

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AIAA Complex Aerospace Systems Exchange (CASE) Set for September 11–13

DNA touted as a data-storage device

Researchers have encoded a full book in DNA, the largest amount of information stored on the biological medium yet.

The data encoded is the digital version of the book, made up of more than 50,000 words, 11 images and one computer program.

The overall size of the data is around 0.7 megabytes, report the scientists, led by George Church of Harvard Medical School. For their work, the researchers have used only off-the-shelf technology.

In their article, published online by Science magazine, the scientists argue that DNA has unique advantages for data storage.

They calculate that their method has by far the highest data density of any medium until now, beating flash media or even quantum holography by orders of magnitude. This is partly because DNA is three dimensional while other storage techniques are restricted to two dimensions.

Yet the main advantage of DNA storage may be durability. DNA can survive millenniums unharmed, as demonstrated by the sequencing of genetic information from ancient fossils.

At the same time, the tools and techniques necessary for reading out the information will be present in future generations, because they are ubiquitous in nature, the scientists write.

The main disadvantage at this time is expense. The authors admit that the cost and time needed to encode the information make it largely impractical at the moment.

But they point out that the cost of DNA synthesis and sequencing has been dropping by a factor larger than five each year, much higher than the rate for electronic media, albeit from a much higher starting point.

The scientists conclude that DNA is becoming an increasingly practical storage medium at a time when digital information is accumulating at an exponential rate.

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DNA touted as a data-storage device

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