Posted by Andrew Guernsey at 6/20/2017
An ethic study group for the Italian Jesuit magazine Aggiornamenti Sociali, headed by Fr. Maurizio Chiodi, a newly appointed member of the Pontifical Academy for Life and a theologian of the Northern Italian Theological Faculty of Milan, has joined Italian euthanasia activists in supporting a bill that would legalize physician assisted suicide and/or euthanasia in certain cases. The bill has already been approved by the House and is now before the Italian Senate.
Fr. Chiodis study group cites proportionalism to argue that terminally ill cancer patients and those in a persistent vegetative state (like Terri Schaivo pictured here) should have a legal right to refuse food and water, or to create advanced healthcare directives for such acts of euthanasia by starvation and dehydration. Fr. Chiodis group writes:
2. A democratic state is made up of citizens committed to respecting the different ethics, world views and religions, in a context of mutual inclusion and sincere hospitality without trying to impose itself on others..
5. A controversial issue concerns artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH), which the draft of the law includes among the treatments that can be refused in an AHD [advance healthcare directive] or advance planning. In Catholic thought it is often stated that these means are always obligatory; in reality, ANH [artificial nutrition and hydration] is a medical and technical intervention and as such does not avoid the judgment of proportionality. Nor can it be excluded that sometimes it is no longer able to achieve the purpose of providing nourishment to the patient or the alleviation of suffering. The former case can occur in the illness of terminal cancer; the second [can occur] in a vegetative state which is extended indefinitely, if the patient has previously stated that this prospect is unacceptable. Since it can not be ruled out that in cases like these, ANH [artificial nutrition and hydration] becomes a disproportionate treatment, its inclusion among the refusable treatments is correct.
On the contrary Pope St. John Paul II clearly refuted Fr. Chiodi in this matter in a 2004 address:
4. Medical doctors and health-care personnel, society and the Church have moral duties toward these persons from which they cannot exempt themselves without lessening the demands both of professional ethics and human and Christian solidarity.
The sick person in a vegetative state, awaiting recovery or a natural end, still has the right to basic health care (nutrition, hydration, cleanliness, warmth, etc.), and to the prevention of complications related to his confinement to bed. He also has the right to appropriate rehabilitative care and to be monitored for clinical signs of eventual recovery.
I should like particularly to underline how the administration of water and food, even when provided by artificial means, always represents a natural means of preserving life, not a medical act. Its use, furthermore, should be considered, in principle, ordinary and proportionate, and as such morally obligatory, insofar as and until it is seen to have attained its proper finality, which in the present case consists in providing nourishment to the patient and alleviation of his suffering.
The obligation to provide the normal care due to the sick in such cases (Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Iura et Bona, p. IV) includes, in fact, the use of nutrition and hydration (cf. Pontifical Council Cor Unum, Dans le Cadre, 2, 4, 4; Pontifical Council for Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers, Charter of Health Care Workers, n. 120). The evaluation of probabilities, founded on waning hopes for recovery when the vegetative state is prolonged beyond a year, cannot ethically justify the cessation or interruption of minimal care for the patient, including nutrition and hydration. Death by starvation or dehydration is, in fact, the only possible outcome as a result of their withdrawal. In this sense it ends up becoming, if done knowingly and willingly, true and proper euthanasia by omission.
The Pontifical Academy for Lifes 2000 Document, Respect for the Dignity of the Dying as confirmed by John Paul II similarly stated: One must always provide ordinary care (including artificial nutrition and hydration), palliative treatment, especially the proper therapy for pain, in a dialogue with the patient which keeps him informed.
Likewise, a 2007 declaration by the CDF , confirmed by Pope Benedict XVI, declared:
First question: Is the administration of food and water (whether by natural or artificial means) to a patient in a vegetative state morally obligatory except when they cannot be assimilated by the patients body or cannot be administered to the patient without causing significant physical discomfort?
Response: Yes. The administration of food and water even by artificial means is, in principle, an ordinary and proportionate means of preserving life. It is therefore obligatory to the extent to which, and for as long as, it is shown to accomplish its proper finality, which is the hydration and nourishment of the patient. In this way suffering and death by starvation and dehydration are prevented.
Second question: When nutrition and hydration are being supplied by artificial means to a patient in a permanent vegetative state, may they be discontinued when competent physicians judge with moral certainty that the patient will never recover consciousness?
Response: No. A patient in a permanent vegetative state is a person with fundamental human dignity and must, therefore, receive ordinary and proportionate care which includes, in principle, the administration of water and food even by artificial means.
February 2017 also saw the publication of a problematically ambiguous update to the Pontifical Council for Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workerss New Charter for Health Care Workers, paragraph 152 of which affirms:
Nutrition and hydration, even artificially administered are to be considered among the basic cares due to the dying, when they do not become too burdensome or are of some benefit. Their unjustified withdrawal can have the significance of a true and proper act of euthanasia.
It should be noted that besides his stance in support of euthanasia, Fr. Chiodi also opposes the Churchs perennial teaching on contraception.
https://rorate-caeli.blogspot.com/2017/06/new-pontifical-academy-of-life.html
Here is the original post:
- Euthanasia - The New York Times - December 9th, 2016 [December 9th, 2016]
- Euthanasia | Define Euthanasia at Dictionary.com - December 12th, 2016 [December 12th, 2016]
- Taking Life: Humans, by Peter Singer - Utilitarian - December 21st, 2016 [December 21st, 2016]
- Free euthanasia Essays and Papers - 123helpme - December 21st, 2016 [December 21st, 2016]
- Half a Life (Star Trek: The Next Generation) - Wikipedia - January 20th, 2017 [January 20th, 2017]
- Euthanasia | Students for Life - January 24th, 2017 [January 24th, 2017]
- Mass euthanasia rumors prompt adoptions en masse at animal control shelter in Georgia - fox6now.com - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Doctor 'asked family to hold down struggling euthanasia victim ... - Catholic Herald Online - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Doctor who asked dementia patient's family to hold her down while she gave lethal injection cleared - The Independent - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- County animal shelter aggressively working to cut euthanasia rate - ABC15 Arizona - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Once euthanasia is voluntary, it will become irresistible. Just ask the ... - Catholic Herald Online (blog) - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- New Law in Taiwan Halts Euthanasia of Stray Animals - Seeker - Seeker - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Dog food recalled after discovery of euthanasia drug - Detroit Free Press - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Evanger's dog food recalled after euthanasia drug found in one batch - WHIO - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Euthanasia's goals: save money, collect organs - One News Now - OneNewsNow - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- RECALL: Canned dog food has traces of animal euthanasia drug - KUTV 2News - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- US dog food recall after euthanasia drug found - BBC News - February 7th, 2017 [February 7th, 2017]
- Taiwan bans euthanasia of stray animals - Yahoo - Yahoo News - February 8th, 2017 [February 8th, 2017]
- Euthanasia reform moves forward in the senate - Deseret News - February 8th, 2017 [February 8th, 2017]
- Wheeling-based Evanger's recalls dog food found to contain euthanasia drug - Chicago Tribune - February 8th, 2017 [February 8th, 2017]
- Dog food recalled after euthanasia drug found in can. One dog dead. - Washington Post - February 8th, 2017 [February 8th, 2017]
- Dog food sold in Minnesota recalled over euthanasia drug - TwinCities.com-Pioneer Press - February 9th, 2017 [February 9th, 2017]
- Imagining a future with compulsory euthanasia - MercatorNet - February 9th, 2017 [February 9th, 2017]
- Euthanasia 'Safeguards' Soon Seen as 'Hurdles' - National Review - February 9th, 2017 [February 9th, 2017]
- Dog food recalled after euthanasia drug found in it - CNN - February 9th, 2017 [February 9th, 2017]
- Bill to Ban Gas Chamber Euthanasia Moves to the Senate - Good4Utah - February 9th, 2017 [February 9th, 2017]
- Religion in the courtroom: Neil Gorsuch's faith and writings draw close attention - The Denver Post - February 10th, 2017 [February 10th, 2017]
- Dutch doctors against euthanasia for advanced dementia patients - NL Times - February 10th, 2017 [February 10th, 2017]
- Canadian study touts euthanasia's cost 'benefit' - Brnow - February 10th, 2017 [February 10th, 2017]
- Pug Dies After Eating Dog Food Contaminated With Euthanasia Drug - Huffington Post - February 11th, 2017 [February 11th, 2017]
- Patients Rights Council - February 11th, 2017 [February 11th, 2017]
- New euthanasia debate in Spain - BioEdge - February 11th, 2017 [February 11th, 2017]
- Labour will not introduce private members bill on euthanasia - Scoop.co.nz (press release) - February 12th, 2017 [February 12th, 2017]
- MP's personal story behind euthanasia support - Clarence Valley Daily Examiner - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
- Could laser therapy help dog owners avoid euthanasia? - 12news.com - February 13th, 2017 [February 13th, 2017]
- Speaker receives citizens' initiative on legalisation of euthanasia - YLE News - February 14th, 2017 [February 14th, 2017]
- Euthanasia's march Down Under - Catholic Herald Online (blog) - February 15th, 2017 [February 15th, 2017]
- Another company issues recall after euthanasia drug found in dog ... - KATU - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- Medical Council against euthanasia: 'We don't want youths euthanising their grandparents' - MaltaToday - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- More dog food recalled because it may contain euthanasia drug ... - Q13 FOX - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- Law students accuse Medical Council of twisting their euthanasia arguments - MaltaToday - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- Hanson, Hinch launch passionate arguments for euthanasia law - Starts at 60 - February 16th, 2017 [February 16th, 2017]
- Pauline Hanson and Derryn Hinch get riled up about euthanasia - Starts at 60 - February 17th, 2017 [February 17th, 2017]
- Brigit Forsyth on euthanasia, internet dating and whether she'd consider Likely Lads revival - ChronicleLive - February 18th, 2017 [February 18th, 2017]
- FDA confirms euthanasia agent pentobarbital in dog food | Food ... - Food Safety News - February 18th, 2017 [February 18th, 2017]
- Oregon's Euthanasia Bill Is Intentionally Ambiguous - National Review - February 18th, 2017 [February 18th, 2017]
- Conservative leaders argued drugs, euthanasia, and fiscal policy in Langley - Langley Advance - February 20th, 2017 [February 20th, 2017]
- New German film addresses Nazi child 'euthanasia' - euronews - February 20th, 2017 [February 20th, 2017]
- How Did a Euthanasia Drug End Up in Dog Food? - Care2.com - February 21st, 2017 [February 21st, 2017]
- Why euthanasia slippery slopes are inevitable - National Right to Life News - February 22nd, 2017 [February 22nd, 2017]
- Oregon's euthanasia bill awash with 'ambiguity' - OneNewsNow - February 22nd, 2017 [February 22nd, 2017]
- Adoption center works to reduce euthanasia - The Dominion Post - February 23rd, 2017 [February 23rd, 2017]
- Police stance was to not answer questions over details of euthanasia checkpoint - Stuff.co.nz - February 23rd, 2017 [February 23rd, 2017]
- WA election: Euthanasia, Safe Schools hot topics as Liberal, Labor leaders face Christian voters - ABC Online - February 24th, 2017 [February 24th, 2017]
- Lessons from indigenous wisdom in the euthanasia debate - MercatorNet - February 24th, 2017 [February 24th, 2017]
- Dying man gathers his family together for final hours before ... - 9Honey - February 24th, 2017 [February 24th, 2017]
- Quebec Moves Toward Euthanasia for Alzheimer's | National Review - National Review - February 24th, 2017 [February 24th, 2017]
- Once Euthanasia Voluntary, It'll Become Irresistible, Ask the Dutch; Real Humility; and More! - National Catholic Register (blog) - February 25th, 2017 [February 25th, 2017]
- APA Position on Medical Euthanasia - Psychiatric Times - February 25th, 2017 [February 25th, 2017]
- Pike County animal shelter reduces euthanasia rates - WYMT News (press release) - February 25th, 2017 [February 25th, 2017]
- BioEdge: Should Quebec's Alzheimer's patients be eligible for ... - BioEdge - February 25th, 2017 [February 25th, 2017]
- 45 Rescued Cats and Dogs Are Facing Euthanasia But One Woman is Fighting to Build Them Shelter - One Green Planet - February 28th, 2017 [February 28th, 2017]
- Minnesota Euthanasia Advocates Introduce Legislation to Legalize ... - LifeNews.com - February 28th, 2017 [February 28th, 2017]
- Italy: tetraplegic DJ stirs up euthanasia debate by assisted suicide in Switzerland - euronews - February 28th, 2017 [February 28th, 2017]
- Euthanasia and Alzheimer's: Canada takes a step in the wrong direction - MercatorNet - February 28th, 2017 [February 28th, 2017]
- Choice is an Illusion President Margaret Dore States Hawaii ... - EconoTimes - February 28th, 2017 [February 28th, 2017]
- Evanger's expands recall because dog food may contain euthanasia drug - The Seattle Times - March 1st, 2017 [March 1st, 2017]
- Last Wishes mobile pet euthanasia service adds storefront hospice for pets - Chron.com - March 1st, 2017 [March 1st, 2017]
- DJ's assisted suicide stirs up Italy euthanasia debate - BBC News - March 1st, 2017 [March 1st, 2017]
- The euthanasia debate is polarised, yet shared concerns unite all sides - The Guardian - March 1st, 2017 [March 1st, 2017]
- Jagged Vision Streaming "Euthanasia" - Metal Underground - March 2nd, 2017 [March 2nd, 2017]
- Paralysed Italian DJ takes own life in Swiss clinic after fruitless euthanasia campaign in his native country - The Independent - March 2nd, 2017 [March 2nd, 2017]
- Mane Attraction hosts Beauty to the RESCUE to fight animal euthanasia - 12news.com - March 3rd, 2017 [March 3rd, 2017]
- Finnish parliament debates legalising euthanasia - Expatica Netherlands - March 3rd, 2017 [March 3rd, 2017]
- Euthanasia Advocate Changes Her Mind After Watching the Euthanasia Deception Documentary - LifeNews.com - March 3rd, 2017 [March 3rd, 2017]
- In places where it's legal, how many people are ending their lives ... - EconoTimes - March 3rd, 2017 [March 3rd, 2017]
- DJ's assisted suicide fuels Italy's euthanasia debate - MercatorNet - March 3rd, 2017 [March 3rd, 2017]
- Corgi pit bull with lopsided jaw saved from euthanasia - BBC News - March 3rd, 2017 [March 3rd, 2017]
- Euthanasia: What to Expect When Your Dog is Put Down - March 3rd, 2017 [March 3rd, 2017]
- Gentle Journey Phoenix Arizona In Home Pet Euthanasia - March 3rd, 2017 [March 3rd, 2017]