Meet the elite team revolutionizing how NASA thinks — from a California trailer – CNN

The first US mission to the moon, the Mars rover, the first scientific satellites in orbit -- for decades JPL scientists have been looking outward, pushing the boundaries of human knowledge beyond our planet.

It's awe-inspiring, imagination-tickling work. But space scientists spend their days focused on the numbers, data and details.

So at JPL, a team of wonder-cultivators stands guard against the mundane. Embedded on campus, it is composed of artists and designers tucked among the laboratory's astrophysicists, aerospace engineers and geologists. They call themselves The Studio.

The Studio functions as an in-house creative agency of sorts. Its clients are scientists, missions and JPL departments who approach the team with their creative needs.

So far the Studio has created a human-scale comet in Brooklyn and an interactive installation that simulates exploring the surface of Jupiter. It has helped scientists to visualize countless missions and projects, from landing a spacecraft on a comet to designing a disaster-response robot.

Finally, Anthony Freeman, who managed JPL's Mission and Systems Architecture section, told him, "I don't really understand what it is that you do, but I'll give you six months." That was almost 15 years ago.

One of Goods' first projects was a brightly lit wall which reveals planets and other shapes when shadows are cast on it. The installation was designed to capture the challenge -- and reward -- of searching for new planets.

The actual studio from which the team works is an unassuming gray trailer. But open the door and it's obvious you're in a place where extraordinary things happen. Posters, whiteboards, photographs and sketches cover the walls. Tables are littered with old scientific glassware, a lumpy black model of some space rock, a copy of "The NASA Atlas of the Solar System" and various other curiosities.

De La Torre and Kim spend a lot of their time creating storyboards for mission proposal books, which create visual aids for mission planners and can be the length of a short novel. De La Torre worked on the 2004 launch of the Rosetta, the first probe to land on a comet, by using Hollywood filmmaking and matte painting technique to visualize the operation.

As she quizzed the scientists, helping her create the visuals, it prompted them to ask questions about the comet's surface that they hadn't fully considered. Would there be geysers or caves? What was the surface like? They knew it was porous, but not like a sponge. They described at as more like "pancakes cooking," De La Torre recalls.

"So I went and literally made pancakes, and took photos of the texture," she says. "It actually ended up being pretty accurate when [the probe] arrived."

The Studio's reach extends far beyond the JPL campus. While its role is primarily to assist JPL's missions, it also exists to tell the laboratory's stories to the public.

The steel sculpture, which is about nine feet tall and 12 feet long, glows to mimic how real comets reflect the sun's light. Shoots of vapor combine with dust to create the comet's tail.

In 2015, the Studio commissioned Studio KCA once more to design a "sound experience" called Orbit Pavilion in which visitors enter a huge model of a seashell. Inside, trajectory data of NASA satellites is paired with sounds that move across the inside of the shell producing an effect similar to that of jets flying overhead.

Delgado and Goods came up with the idea for Orbit Pavilion at NASA's Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex, a California observatory that communicates with spacecraft orbiting the Earth and those in the far reaches of our solar system.

"You get out (to the complex) and there's this issue of perception, because you know that there's a huge amount of dataflow going back and forth. But it's just perfectly quiet and you have no idea what is happening," Delgado says. This led the pair to think, "What if you could listen to where these spacecraft are?"

But one of the Studio's most affecting works is one of its smallest: a hole drilled into a grain of sand. The grain was supposed to represent the Milky Way, while the hole symbolized the area of our galaxy in which our planet -- and planets around other stars -- are found.

After Goods displayed the project under a microscope, he recalls an astrophysicist coming to take a look.

"This guy gets to point Hubble at things," Goods says. "He looked down (at the sand), he looked up and he looked in my eyes and said 'You reminded me why I work here.'"

The Studio team's position is a rare one. Very few research institutions have such a robust art and design facility. But even amid uncertain government funding for scientific research, the JPL continues to stand behind the Studio's essential role at the lab.

"We recognize the value of communicating, both externally to tell the story, and internally to help with the missions," says JPL's deputy director, Lieutenant General Larry James.

"I think one of the key things about JPL is that we have such an incredible story to communicate. When you look at all the amazing missions -- to Mars, to Saturn, to Jupiter, humanity's first interstellar spacecraft with Voyager -- you want to communicate that well. You want to communicate that uniquely to the public, and (the Studio) absolutely help us do that."

"JPL is all about being on the edge of possibility," Goods says.

And that's where the Studio is firmly ensconced: on the border of what has been done, and what's never even been imagined -- until they imagine it first.

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Meet the elite team revolutionizing how NASA thinks -- from a California trailer - CNN

NASA Has Found Hundreds Of Potential New Planets – HuffPost

Scientists are now one step closer to answering whether life exists on other planets.

NASA released a list of 219 new planet candidates discovered by the Kepler space telescope, 10 of which are similar to Earths size and may be habitable by other life forms. The announcement Monday marks the end of Keplers search for planets orbiting other stars in the constellation Cygnus, bringing the telescopes tally to 4,034 planet candidate discoveries.

Of those discoveries, scientists have verified 2,335 as planets. More than 30 of those confirmed planets are similar in size to Earth and in their starshabitable zone the range of distance from a star where liquid water could pool while around 20 others that fit that description remain unverified, according to NASA.

Most of the planets they discovered are smaller than Neptune, which is about four times the diameter of Earth, Kepler research scientist Susan Thompson said at a press briefing Monday in Mountain View, California.

Mondays findings inch closer to solving one of humanitys great cosmic mysteries, she said.

This survey catalog will be the foundation for directly answering one of astronomys most compelling questions: How many planets like our Earth are actually in the galaxy?

Beyond the additions to the Kepler catalog, scientists working on the mission revealed Monday that theyve identified two distinct groupings of small planets, which range in size from Earth to Neptune.

About half are similar to Neptune in size and composition in that they have thick atmospheres and are mostly gas with no surface to speak of,Benjamin Fulton, a doctoral candidate who analyzed Keplers findings, said Monday.The other half are similar to Earth in size and are rocky with little to no atmosphere.

Discovering that distinctionsharpens up the dividing line between potentially habitable planets and those that are inhospitable to life as we know it, Fulton explained, likening it to the discovery that mammals and lizards are separate branches on the tree of life.

It also revealed the likelihood that those rocky,potentially habitable planets are usually no bigger than 75 percent larger than Earth, he said.

Mondays NASA announcement marks Keplers eighth release of data after a four-year mission and years of analyzing the findings.Since 2014, Kepler has been on a second mission to find more exoplanets in different areas of the cosmos.

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NASA Has Found Hundreds Of Potential New Planets - HuffPost

NASA Is Getting Into The Fashion Industry – GOOD Magazine

When you think of astronauts heading into the great unknown, you probably picture them in puffywhite suits and form-fitting Lycra in primary colors. According to sci-fi movies, that is the fashion of space travel. But if NASAs latest project comes to fruition, astronauts could be clad in modern chain mail.

Thanks to the wonders of 3D-printing technology, designers at NASAs Jet Propulsion Lab have created a protective fabric that can deflect light while both absorbing and reflecting heat. Those properties alone arent new; NASA already uses a variety of materials to protect both spacecrafts and human travelers from inhospitable atmospheres. However, this material can do it all while shape-shifting to meet the unique demands of different bodies. Its also lightweight, which is crucial when it costs $10,000 to send a single pound to space, Wired reports.

Over the pasttwo years, NASA has been refining the fabric, ultimately creating a flexible material that has a reflective geometric pattern on one side and interconnected loops on the other. Despite it looking like chain mail, the fabric is light and easy to manipulate while being just as strong as metal. Its adaptable properties mark the beginning of a 4D-printing era in which materials have multiple uses and reactive abilities (like the ability to adjust to temperature differences). Additionally, astronauts might be able to print more of the material while in space, making it the ultimate galactic fabric. Though, as one of the engineers who worked on the design told Wired, fashion designers could certainly use the material for their art, as well.

Personally, Id love to see Sen. Kamala Harris don a chain mail power suit, but thats just my futuristic fashion fantasy.

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NASA Is Getting Into The Fashion Industry - GOOD Magazine

Gannon and NASA team up for eclipse video – YourErie

Gannon University undergraduate students are preparing to launch in to history. A team of students are bulding the tools and conducting research for NASA in a historic project that's never been done before.

The team of seven students and two professors are heading to Kentucky to take part in the first ever livestream video of the solar eclipse on August 21st through the use of a high altitude balloon. But, the team says it's not just a few images, it's video of the entire eclipse across the country.

Today, the students tested the high-altitude balloon package they designed and built. Two years of hard work, which will be put to the test 80,000 feet in the air.

Maia Mackeller, Senior, Electrical Engineering student says, "It's nice to be out be able to create a system from beginning to end and work on it, test it, make sure everything works and actually launch something. The high altitude balloon is probably the best part because we would never be able to do that in a classroom."

Professor Wookoon Lee adds, "the main thing is to develop the instruments for NASA to compile the eclipse, the video, across the entire eclipse pass from Oregon to South Carolina."

Gannon is one of 56 teams helping to collect the video. NASA will compile the entire video feed and use that for years to come. Today's wind made it very difficult to test, but the students say that helped prepare for August.

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Gannon and NASA team up for eclipse video - YourErie

New NASA Tech Tells Drones When They’re Brokenand Helps Them Land – WIRED

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New NASA Tech Tells Drones When They're Brokenand Helps Them Land - WIRED

Marine Maj. Jasmin Moghbeli Selected as NASA Astronaut Candidate, Fulfilling Childhood Dream – USNI News

NASA photo.

Two decades ago, a young Jasmin Moghbeli decided she wanted to be an astronaut. She researched Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space, for a school project, and she knew then that space exploration was her goal.

But by 2010, that dream had slipped a bit further away. Moghbeli was flying AH-1 Cobra missions in Afghanistan and loving her job as a Marine Corps pilot.

When NASA sought applications in 2015 for its next class of astronauts, though, Moghbeli knew it was now or never and out of more than 18,000 applicants, she was selected to achieve her childhood dream of training to become an astronaut.

Maj. Jasmin Jaws Moghbeli, who spoke to USNI News on June 15, said shes thrilled about her selection and that, wherever her NASA career takes her, going to space at all still sounds incredible to me.

As a kid in Baldwin, N.Y., Moghbeli was drawn to math and science.

I in sixth grade we had to do a book report, and I chose to do mine on Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space, cosmonaut. So that got me interested in space, she said. And we dressed up as the person we did the book report on, so my mom helped me make this space suit and everything. So that kind of got me interested and I was like, yeah, I want to be an astronaut. As a kid I think it was just the excitement of exploring space and it just sounded cool. As I got older, junior high, early high school, I started looking into, how would I become an astronaut, and that kind of got me looking into military aviation.

Maj. Jasmin Moghbeli in December 1994, dressed up as Valentina Tereshkova for a 6th grade project at Lenox Elementary School.Courtesy photo.

Moghbeli said she came close to attending the U.S. Naval Academy but was surprised to receive an acceptance letter from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and selected MITs aerospace engineering program. Between her junior and senior year she went through Officer Candidate School and was commissioned a second lieutenant after graduation.

Still with a space career in mind, Moghbeli assumed shed need to fly fighter jets to be a viable candidate for NASA. She fell in love with rotary wing aviation during basic training, though, which left her unsure how to proceed.

Valentina Tereshkova, Russian Cosmonaut

In the back of my mind I was kind of like, I dont think you can be an astronaut if youre flying helicopters. I was a little torn, she said.

She had an opportunity to watch a night shuttle launch just before starting flight school, though.

Suni Williams had launched on that she was one of the crew of seven, and shes a Navy helicopter pilot so I was like, oh, you can be a helicopter pilot and still be an astronaut, she said, and shortly afterwards she was selected to fly Cobras.

Though her dream of becoming an astronaut weighed on her decisions up until that point, Moghbeli said being a naval aviator took on a life of its own.

When I was flying Cobras in Afghanistan, I never once was thinking about being an astronaut, and I can say genuinely that if you had asked me in that moment if I would leave and become and astronaut right then, I dont honestly know if I would have said yes, because I was in a moment enjoying what I was doing, she said.

In 2013 NASA sought applicants for a class of astronauts. Recently back from a float with the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit out of Japan, Moghbeli didnt think the time was right and didnt feel qualified for the job.

I didnt think I had a viable application I was still not a senior pilot, I still hadnt had test pilot school, I didnt have my Masters. So I had been staying on top of it and I was expecting, just based on they had been doing them every four to five years, I was expecting them to do one around the same timeline, she said. Instead, two years later, in December 2015, the call for applicants went out again.

This time around I decided to apply because I felt like I had what they were looking for, so if I had a shot of getting it it was going to be now, she said.

The first step was simple: submit a resume, five references and a summary of aeronautical experience. She did that in February 2016, and began the waiting game. More than 18,000 people applied, and NASA whittled that down to less than 500 applicants to begin calling references. Moghbeli heard from her references that they had been contacted, but it wasnt until August or September that NASA called to invite her to a first-round interview.

She said she dropped everything and said she was free to come to Johnson Space Center any time, even though she was set to begin a class around that time.

The 33-year-old spent three days with nine other candidates, interviewing in front of the Astronaut Selection Board, going through teamwork exercises and more.

After the first round and second round and meeting the other applicants, I left wanting the job even more but knowing I couldnt be disappointed if I didnt get it because all the other applicants were amazing, Moghbeli said. I feel so lucky to have gotten the job because every single one of the people who I met throughout the process I think could have been just as successful. So for whatever reason they chose me as one of the 12 and Im very thankful for it.

After a call in December to come in for a second-round interview, where she got to meet current astronauts, as well as the engineers, medical staff and other behind-the-scenes teams, after that I was just waiting for months for the call.

The first people I called after I got the call from the Astronaut Selection Board were my parents, and my mom later told me they were at a pizza place when I called and my dad was crying so hard he couldnt even drive home because he was so excited, she said. My dad is super excited. My mom is as well, but I think she gets nervous. Shes like, well can you be an astronaut but just not go to space?

Maj. Jasmin Moghbeli at Advanced Space Academy in Huntsville, AL, in August 1998. Courtesy photo.

The next steps two years of training will be physically and mentally challenging, but Moghbeli said her time in the Marine Corps has prepared her for what lies ahead.

Moghbeli serves as a quality assurance officer and avionics officerwith Marine Operational Test & Evaluation Squadron 1 (VMX-1), where she tests out new systems headed to the Cobra fleet. As an operational tester, she and her crew are the final thumbs up or downbefore sending new systems to the fleet. Just prior to this job, Moghbeli worked on the developmental test side, flying new software and weapons, and servingas project officer for tests on a new electromagnetic warfare pod.

As a test pilot, she has learned a lot about human factors engineering, which will be important as both NASA and commercial industry seek new capsules for sending people into space. She also has extensive flight time, which will make the T-38 trainer a bit easier, and shes well accustomed to working as part of a crew.

One of the things Im most eager about, and maybe slightly nervous as well, is the work we do in the neutral buoyancy lab training for space walks, she said, where the astronaut candidates go into a big pool, are balanced to neutral buoyancy, and then practice space walks with a life-sized mock-up of the International Space Station.

Maj. Jasmin Moghbeli standing outside the AH-1Z with her name on it while performing developmental test with VX-31 at NAWS China Lake, Calif., in December 2014. Courtesy photo.

Moghbeli said the 12 candidates will first go through survival training, and then over the next two years will study the International Space Station, learn Russian so they can communicate with their ISS partners, learn more about robotics, and more.

After meeting the other 11 future astronauts for NASAs selection announcement, I can tell you, its going to be a fun two years. Its going to be challenging, Im sure, but itll be fun. Were already getting along really well and joking around with each other.

This class of astronauts also includes three Navy officers: Lt. Cmdr. Matthew Dominick, 35; Lt. Kayla Barron, 29; and former Navy SEAL Lt. Jonny Kim, 33.

Did I think it was possible? I thought it was an improbably goal I guess, Moghbeli said. I am always so grateful for the people who got me here: the teachers, the coaches, the mentors throughout my career. So many people contributed to this and preparing me for this.

Maj. Jasmin Moghbeli at Advanced Space Academy in Huntsville, AL, in August 1998. Courtesy photo.

And Moghbeli hopes to give back as much as she can, in the form of mentoring young girls who may be interested in embarking on military or STEM careers of their own.

That is honestly one of the things Im most excited about with this job. Ive done some outreach with STEM programs as a pilot, working with younger girls and trying to get them excited about well, not get them excited, because that age they generally are excited, but feed that excitement so it continues to grow, she said. NASAs very big on that outreach to the younger generation, so as an astronaut I would be able to have even more impact in that, and I think its so important. For me, I can tell you there were certain people that I saw, and I could say, hey, I can relate to them, they seem similar to me, if they can do it I can do it. I think thats incredibly important.

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Marine Maj. Jasmin Moghbeli Selected as NASA Astronaut Candidate, Fulfilling Childhood Dream - USNI News

NASA finds 10 new potentially habitable ‘Earth-like’ worlds – Washington Post

Astronomersusing the Kepler space telescope have detected 219 possible new exoplanets in our galaxy, including 10 relatively small, rocky and possibly habitable planetssimilar to our own, NASA announced Monday.

These are the last additions to the catalog of exoplanetscompiled during the first phase of theKepler mission, when the space telescope scanned some 200,000 stars in the Cygnus constellation in an effort tofindworlds beyond our own. The official catalog now contains 4,034 total candidates tiny blips in the data that are thought to signal the presence of a planet around a star. Of these, 49 fit squarely into their star's habitable zone, that Goldilocks region where liquid water can pool on the surface and life may be able to thrive.

The Kepler space telescope was launched into orbit around the sun in 2009. Its charge: Take a census of asmall slice of the Milky Way in an effort to understand the demographics of our galaxy. How many stars are like our sun? How many of those host planets? How many planets orbit in the habitable zone? Is there anyplace else in this vast universe that living beings might call home?

In its first four years, Kepler surveyed just .025 percent of the sky. And for every potential planet detected, NASA estimates that 100 to 200 lurk beyond the telescope's reach. Given a little time and some sophisticated models, scientists will use the Kepler catalogue toestimate how many stars in our galaxy could host an Earth 2.0.

Based on how many habitable-zone planets have already been identified, Caltech astrophysicist Courtney Dressing thinks that number could be sizable.

I, for one, am ecstatic, she saidat a news conference Monday.

The important thing for us is, are we alone? added Kepler Program Scientist Mario Perez. Kepler today tells us, indirectly, that we are probably not alone.

This is the eighth updateof the Kepler planet catalogue and the most thorough survey of the space telescope's data to date. Of the 4,034 candidates, more than half have already been confirmed as exoplanets and not the result of miscalculations or false signals.Kepler research scientist Susan Thompson, the lead author of the catalogue study, said her team is confident about all 10 of the new Earth-like planets found in their stars' habitable zones.

Several of these planets orbit G dwarfs the same species of star as our own sun. And one, dubbedKOI 7711 (for Kepler Object of Interest), is a possible Earth twin, a rocky world just 30 times bigger than our own and roughly the same distance from its star.

It's too soon to say whether KOI 7711 truly merits the label Earth-like,Thompson cautioned. Kepler is incapable of determining whether an exoplanet bears an atmosphere or liquid water. If aliens were observing our solar system using a similar instrument, they might think itcontained three rocky, potentially habitable worlds Venus, Earth and Mars. But I'd only want to live on one of them,Thompson said.

A second research group combined the Kepler data with measurements from ground-based telescopes to calculate the approximate sizes and compositions of 2,000 exoplanets. They found that smaller worlds, the kind that Kepler was designed to detect, fall into two distinct groups: rocky planets that could be up to 1.75 times the size of our own, called super-Earths, and gaseous mini-Neptunes, which lack a solid surface and are 2 to 3 times bigger than Earth. Nearly every star surveyed hosted a planet in one of these two categories. But, curiously, no planets straddled the divide. Each worldwas either smaller and rocky, or larger and gassy.

Benjamin Fulton, an astronomer at Caltech and the University of Hawaii at Manoa, compared the newcategories to species of animal.

Finding two distinct groups of exoplanets is like discovering mammals and lizards make up distinct branches of a family tree, he told reporters Monday. And just as discovering distinctions between species helps us understand evolution, this revelationcould help astronomers determine how planets take shape.

Fulton and his colleagues believe that the sharp distinction between super-Earths and mini-Neptunes may be a result of how much hydrogen and helium contributed to their formation. These elements are extremely light andexist asgasat all but the lowest temperatures. Rocky worlds like Earth, with thin atmospheres and nice, firm surfaces, containrelatively little of theseelements. Perhaps they started off with less, or perhaps the light elements were burned or blown away.

But if a planet can hold ontojust a bit more of these gases, it puffs up like a balloon, Fulton said. Hydrogen and helium form vast, thick atmospheres aroundmini-Neptunes, making these worlds much bigger than their rocky counterparts.

It's difficult to know for sure, because our own sun doesn't host amini-Neptune unless you count the hypothesized Planet Nine that some scientists believe lurks at the outer edge of the solar system. (For the record, Fulton doesn't not yet.) But researchers are bent on figuring out what leads a world to become rocky, rather than gassy, because as far as we're aware life can only take shape on solid ground.

Kepler's original mission ended in 2013 when one of the wheels that helped to keep the spacecraft pointed toward the Cygnus constellation failed,so it could no longer scan the same small slice of sky. But by using pressure from light particles from the sun to stay oriented, the telescope has been refashioned for a second exoplanet search project called K2. NASA estimates the telescope has enough fuel to remain active into 2018.

By then, the space agency hopes to be ready to launchthe Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, which will search for small planets around the brightest stars in the sky, and the James Webb Space Telescope, which is designed to detect atmospheres on other planets.The results from Kepler, that new satellite and the Webb will inform the nextgeneration of telescopes ones that can actually take pictures of planets in motion around distant stars.

It feels a bit like the end of an era, Thompson said, but actually I see it as a new beginning. It's amazing the things that Kepler has found. It has shown us these terrestrial worlds, and we still have all this work to do to really understand how common Earths are in the galaxy.

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NASA finds 10 new potentially habitable 'Earth-like' worlds - Washington Post

NASA Solar Eclipse Webcast Wednesday Will Cover Safety, Science & Traffic – Space.com

NASA's space-based Solar Dynamics Observatory captured a shot of a moon crossing in front of the sun on Jan. 30, 2014.

On Wednesday (June 21), exactly two months before the total solar eclipse that will cross the continental U.S. on Aug. 21, NASA will webcast two news briefings to discuss eclipse science, safety, and travel information.

"Representatives from NASA, other federal agencies and science organizations, will provide important viewing safety, travel and science information during two briefings," the agency said in a statement.

The first briefing will run from 1 p.m. to 2 p.m. EDT (1700 to 1800 GMT), and the second briefing will go from 2:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. EDT (1830 to 1930 GMT). You can watch the webcasts on NASA TV or here on Space.com.

The first webcast will focus on eclipse safety and logistics, including the anticipated crowd sizes and traffic levels. Speakers will include Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator of NASA's Science Mission Directorate; Vanessa Griffin, director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Satellite and Product Operations; Brian Carlstrom, deputy associate director of natural resource stewardship and science at the National Park Service; and Martin Knopp, associate administrator of the Office of Operations in the Federal Highway Administration at the U.S. Department of Transportation.

The second briefing will focus on the science of the eclipse. Speakers will include Zurbuchen; Angela Des Jardins, principal investigator of the Eclipse Ballooning Project at Montana State University; Angela Speck, professor of astrophysics and director of astronomy at the University of Missouri; David Boboltz, program director of solar physics in the division of astronomical sciences at the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Virginia; Linda Shore, executive director of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, in San Francisco; and Matt Penn, an astronomer at the National Solar Observatory in Tucson, Arizona.

The total solar eclipse will cross the U.S. along a path that averages about 70 miles (113 kilometers) wide. Under the moon's shadow, daylight will turn into twilight, and the twisted atmosphere of the sun will become visible. The shadow will move across the country at 2,288 mph (3,682 km/h), and totality will last for less than 3 minutes in any single location. The exact duration and time when totality will occur depends on where an observer is in the path. Outside the path of totality and all across North America, a partial solar eclipse will be visible.

"The eclipse will provide a unique opportunity to study the sun, Earth, moon and their interaction because of the eclipse's long path over land coast to coast," NASA officials said in the statement. "Scientists will be able to take ground-based and airborne observations over a period of an hour and a half to complement the wealth of data and images provided by space assets."

The day of the eclipse is expected to be one of the worst traffic days in American history, and observers who plan to commute into the eclipse path should plan accordingly.

Follow Calla Cofield @callacofield. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.

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NASA Solar Eclipse Webcast Wednesday Will Cover Safety, Science & Traffic - Space.com

Look Up, Dad! NASA’s Father’s Day Launch to Create Colorful Clouds – Space.com

Update for June 18, 8:30 p.m.ET:NASA has delayed the Father's Day launch of a sounding rocket due to high winds at the Wallops Flight Facility launch site. The next launch attempt will occur Monday, June 19, between9:06 p.m. EDT and 9:21 p.m. EDT(0106-0121 GMT).NASA will provide an update on the next launch attempt here.

NASA is hoping to make this Father's Day one to remember with a nighttime rocket launch that will create artificial glowing clouds. These could be visible to millions of people along the U.S. East Coast tonight (June 18).

A Terrier-Improved Malemute sounding rocket will launch into the night sky between 9:05 p.m. and 9:20 p.m. EDT (0105-0120 GMT) from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility on Wallops Island, Virginia. If all goes well, the rocket will create brilliant red and blue-green clouds of vapor as part of a canister-ejection technology test. Weather permitting, the clouds could be visible to observers on the East Coast between New York and North Carolina, and as far inland as Charlottesville, Virginia.

You can watch the rocket launch live here, courtesy of NASA Wallops, or directly from the Wallops center here: http://www.ustream.tv/channel/nasa-tv-wallops. NASA's live webcast will begin at 8:30 p.m. EDT (0030 GMT) and will be accompanied by a Facebook Live event at 8:50 p.m. EDT (0050 GMT) on the Wallops center's Facebook page here.

NASA plans to fly a Father's Day rocket launch from the Wallops Flight Facility on Wallops Island, Virginia on June 18, 2017. The rocket and its glowing clouds may be visible along the U.S. East Coast, but is very dependent on weather conditions.

The primary goal of tonight's launch is to test a new canister (or ampoule) ejection system on the sounding rocket, NASA officials have said.

"The multicanister ampoule ejection system flying on this mission will allow scientists to gather information over a much larger area than [they were] previously able [to] during a sounding-rocket mission," NASA Wallops officials wrote in an update. "Canisters will deploy during the rocket's ascent, and they will release blue-green and red vapor to form artificial clouds between 4 and 5.5 minutes after launch. These clouds, or vapor tracers, allow scientists on the ground to visually track particle motions in space."

The mission is highly dependent on the weather, as the test requires clear skies over ground-camera sites at the Wallops Center and in Duck, North Carolina, NASA officials have said.

A Terrier-Improved Malemute sounding rocket is seen on its launch rail ahead of a June 18, 2017 launch attempt from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility on Wallops Island, Virginia.

In fact, this is the eighth time NASA has tried to launch this mission so far this month. Since June 1, the agency has been repeatedly thwarted by high winds, cloud cover and even boats in an offshore hazard area (where parts of the sounding rocket fall into the Atlantic Ocean).

If you live in the Wallops Island area and would like to watch the launch with NASA, you can visit the agency's Wallops Flight Facility, which will open to the public at 8 p.m. EDT (0000 GMT) tonight.

You can also download the"What's Up at Wallops" appto find out where and when to look to see the launch from your location. Wallops officials are expected to post updates on Twitter and Facebook, too.

Editor's note:If you capture an amazing image of the sounding-rocket launch or the colorful artificial clouds that you would like to share with Space.com and its news partners for a story or photo gallery, send photos and comments to:spacephotos@space.com.

Email Tariq Malik at tmalik@space.com or follow him@tariqjmalikandGoogle+. Follow us@Spacedotcom,FacebookandGoogle+. Original article onSpace.com.

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NASA’s Kepler mission finds 10 Earth-size exoplanets, 209 others – CNN

Ten of the planets are potentially rocky, close to the size of Earth and within the habitable zone of the stars they orbit -- meaning they could support liquid water on their surface, Perez explained.

"The Kepler data set is unique, as it is the only one containing a population of these near-Earth analogs: planets with roughly the same size and orbit as Earth," he said.

With the addition of this latest release, Kepler has now identified 4,034 planet candidates, and 2,335 of them have been confirmed as exoplanets. The mission has also found 50 candidates similar in size to Earth, with more than 30 of them confirmed.

Of the 10 newly discovered Earth-size planets, one is the closest to Earth in size and the distance to its host star. But researchers don't know much more than that.

In comparison, our solar system looks like it has three planets in the habitable zone of the sun: Mars, Venus and Earth. "I would only want to live on one of those," said Susan Thompson, a Kepler research scientist.

This new data from the Kepler mission also suggest that within the "family tree" of exoplanets found, the smaller ones fall into two distinct sizes: Earth-like planets and super-Earths, and gaseous mini-Neptunes.

This sharpens the dividing line between potentially habitable planets and those that are inhospitable to life as we know it, the researchers said. Before Kepler, the population of exoplanets was largely expected to be full of Jupiter-size planets. Now, we know that exoplanets can be cold gas giants, hot Jupiters, ocean worlds, ice giants, lava worlds and rocky planets.

The final catalog of planet candidates will help researchers discover how many planets in the galaxy are Earth-like.

With this new data, the catalog suggests that about half of the exoplanets in our galaxy are either gaseous, with no surface, or have such a heavy atmosphere that life as we know it would not be possible. But Kepler's ability to find and confirm exoplanets and rocky Earth-size planets also provides candidates for future observation by space telescopes.

This is the final catalog detailing exoplanet candidates and confirmations from Kepler's survey taken during the first four years observing part of the constellation Cygnus. The researchers also believe it to be the most detailed catalog of exoplanet candidates.

"It feels like a bit like the end of an era, but actually, I see it as a new beginning," Thompson said. "It's amazing, the things that Kepler has found. It has shown us these terrestrial worlds, and we still have all of this work to do to really understand how common Earths are in the galaxy. I am really excited to see what people are going to do with this catalog."

The news comes during the Kepler Science Conference and NASA's Kepler exoplanet week, to celebrate the successes of these missions and the scientists who have made exoplanet discoveries possible.

Since launching in 2009, Kepler has been watching more than 200,000 stars in one part of the sky to determine exoplanet candidates, based on the slight dimming of light emitted by stars when potential planets pass across them.

For the first four years, Kepler observed part of the constellation Cygnus. Like other missions that have outlived their expected lifespan, Kepler broadened its search in 2014 to include other parts of our galaxy and has been taking in data ever since. This turned into the K2 mission.

The goal has been to discover more Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of a star, where water can pool on the surface of a planet and potentially support life.

These planets are usually 1.6 times the size of Earth, with rocky terrain.

Although the Kepler mission has yet to fulfill one of its goals, which is determining the fraction of sun-like stars hosting Earth-like planets in our galaxy, these data will help astronomers determine that number in the next few years, the researchers said.

And the researchers are ecstatic that the survey produced 50 exoplanet candidates similar in size to Earth.

The Kepler mission will end in October, but the team will leave data measurements for the scientific community as a way to pass the baton to future missions.

These other missions -- such as TESS, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, in 2018 and the James Webb Space Telescope later on -- will continue the search for life beyond Earth.

Like Kepler, TESS will use a transit method for observing planets as they pass in front of their parent stars. But while Kepler looked at one portion of the sky for stars that were farther away for a longer time, TESS will observe the entire sky and focus on the brightest and closest stars. Each star will be observed for 30 days.

The James Webb Space Telescope, however, is capable of observing large exoplanets and detecting starlight filtered through their atmosphere, which will enable scientists to determine the atmospheric composition of the planets and analyze them for the presence of gases that can create a biological ecosystem.

The K2 mission, which began in 2014, is extending Kepler's legacy to new parts of the sky and new fields of study, adding to NASA's "arc of discovery."

It has enough fuel to keep identifying candidates until summer 2018 and is helping bridge the gap between Kepler and TESS by identifying targets for the James Webb Space Telescope to observe.

The James Webb Space Telescope will be able to look at targets discovered by K2 in some detail, and it will be able to focus on at least 10 exoplanets in great detail. In about a decade, NASA's Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope, or WFIRST, will be able to image these planets for the first time.

"I'm looking forward to 2030s," said Courtney Dressing, NASA Sagan Fellow. "We can imagine the day where we actually take direct images of planets like the Earth in the habitable zone of sun-like stars."

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NASA's Kepler mission finds 10 Earth-size exoplanets, 209 others - CNN

This New NASA Astronaut Has a Powerful Message for Girls in STEM – Fortune

This article first appeared in Fortune 's World's Most Powerful Women newsletter. Subscribe here.

NASA, it turns out, doesn't leave voicemail messages.

When Kayla Barron, a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy, was waiting to hear whether NASA had selected her for its next class of astronaut candidates, she actually missed the selection committee's first call.

"It was a horrifying experience," she told Fortune . "It was the most important call of my life."

Once Barron, 29, connected with NASA, she found out that the selection committee, after a rigorous, months-long evaluation process, had selected her as one of its 12 new recruits from the biggest-ever pool of applicants: 18,300 .

Barron says she stands apart from her classmates in that she just recently came to see the astronaut program as a concrete goal. From the Navy, she didn't see a straight path to NASA.

But working as a submarine warfare officeroperating in small teams, in confined spaces, in hostile environmentsgot her thinking about going into orbit. "The depths of the ocean are not that different from the vacuum of space," she says.

In addition to being the most competitive class in NASA history, the new cohort is also one of the most diverse: Barron is one of five women. Of the 350 astronaut candidates in NASA's historyincluding this year's group57 have been female.

Barron has a message for any girls who might want to add to that number, especially those interested in science, technology, engineering, and math fields.

It's important, she says, "to learn how to fail and move on from failure. You have to risk failure in order to be successful."

In applying for the astronaut program, Barron herself confronted that possibility. "I knew it was competitive," she says, and she thought her unconventional background in the Navy might be a strike against her.

She thought about going to space for weeks before finally spilling the secret to her boss, Vice Admiral Ted Carter, as the two traveled to an event at the Air and Space Museum. "So while we were there, he introduced me to a bunch of astronauts," she recalls. And finally, Carter asked Barron if she knew how to become an astronaut. When she said no, he responded: "You apply."

"That was kind of a lightbulb moment," Barron says. "It was the obvious answer; that I should go for it and put my name out there, and I wouldnt be here if hadn't."

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Potential Atlantic Ocean Tropical Cyclone 2 examined by NASA – Phys.Org

June 19, 2017 The GPM core observatory satellite flew above developing tropical cyclone 02L on June 19 at 12:16 a.m. EDT that showed the storm contained some heavy rain showers west of the low pressure area's center of circulation. Convective precipitation was falling at a rate of greater than 2.75 inches (70 mm) per hour in that area. Credit: NASA/JAXA, Hal Pierce

NASA provided rainfall data and cloud height information to the forecasters monitoring the developing tropical cyclone 2 in the western Atlantic Ocean. The Global Precipitation Measurement mission or GPM core satellite passed over the organizing storm on June 19. The storm has already generated a number of warnings and watches in the Caribbean and Venezuela.

A couple weeks after the official start of the Atlantic hurricane season the tropical Atlantic Ocean is starting to show potential tropical cyclone development. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) has indicated that potential tropical cyclone 02L, located east-southeast of Trinidad, will likely become a tropical storm within the next five days.

The GPM core observatory satellite flew above 02L on June 19, 2017 at 12:16 a.m. EDT (0416 UTC). Data collected by Microwave Imager (GMI) and Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) instruments showed that the potential tropical cyclone contained some heavy rain showers west of the low pressure area's center of circulation. Convective precipitation was falling at a rate of greater than 2.75 inches (70 mm) per hour in that area.

Data gathered from GPM's radar (DPR Ku Band) was used to create three dimensional look at the storm that showed the height of the precipitation columns within the potential tropical cyclone.. DPR revealed that the tallest towering thunderstorms within the strongest area of convection west of the center of circulation were reaching heights above 9.3 miles (15 km). A 3-D slice by GPM's radar through those tall storms showed heavy downpours.

GPM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese space agency JAXA.

At 2 p.m. EDT the National Hurricane Center or NHC posted a Tropical Storm Warning for Trinidad, Tobago, Grenada and Venezuela from Pedernales to Cumana including Isla de Margarita. A Tropical Storm Watch is in effect for Bonaire, Curacao and Aruba.

At 2 p.m. EDT (1800 UTC) the NHC update said "The disturbance was centered near latitude 8.8 North, longitude 57.8 West. The system is moving toward the west near 25 mph (41 km/h). A fast motion toward the west-northwest is expected over the next 48 hours. On the forecast track, the disturbance is expected to move through the Windward Islands and near the eastern coast of Venezuela tonight, June 19 and early Tuesday, June 20. Maximum sustained winds are near 40 mph (65 kph) with higher gusts. Some strengthening is expected during the next 48 hours, and the disturbance is forecast to be a tropical storm when it moves through the Windward Islands and eastern Venezuela tonight and Tuesday."

NHC Forecaster Chris Landsea noted "Thunderstorm activity associated with the disturbance continues to show signs of organization, and additional development is likely during the next day before the system interacts with Venezuela." The National Hurricane Center noted that this system has a high chance of being classified as a tropical storm in the next two days.

If the system is classified as a tropical storm it would be named "Bret."

Explore further: NASA's GPM analyzed rainfall in ex-Tropical Cyclone 11S

Ex-tropical cyclone 11S was still generating some heavy rainfall, despite losing its tropical status and becoming a sub-tropical storm when the GPM core satellite passed overhead. The Global Precipitation Measurement mission ...

The first tropical storm of the Atlantic Ocean hurricane season formed 40 days before the official kick off of the season. Tropical Storm Arlene formed in the North Central Atlantic Ocean and NOAA's GOES-East satellite provided ...

Tropical Storm Maarutha became the first tropical cyclone of 2017 in the Bay of Bengal when it formed on April 15, 2017. Although the tropical cyclone only lived two days, NASA gathered rainfall rate data on it on the day ...

The first tropical storm in the Eastern Pacific Ocean has formed west of Costa Rica as NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP Satellite passed overhead. Tropical Storm Adrian's formation has already made a mark in hurricane history.

Vertical wind shear can weaken a tropical cyclone and that's what's happening to the now weaker Tropical Depression Muifa in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. NASA gathered rainfall information about the storm as wind shear ...

A low pressure area in the Atlantic Ocean, located southwest of the Azores was designated as Subtropical Depression One on April 19 as NASA examined its rainfall. By April 20 it had become the Atlantic's first tropical depression.

Can the continental United States make a rapid, reliable and low-cost transition to an energy system that relies almost exclusively on wind, solar and hydroelectric power? While there is growing excitement for this vision, ...

Huge pulses of volcanic activity are likely to have played a key role in triggering the end Triassic mass extinction, which set the scene for the rise and age of the dinosaurs, new Oxford University research has found.

Scientists believe they have discovered the reason behind mysterious changes to the climate that saw temperatures fluctuate by up to 15C within just a few decades during the ice age periods.

A team of researchers led by the University of California San Diego has identified for the first time what drives the observed differences in the chemical make-up of sea spray particles ejected from the ocean by breaking ...

Seventy-four percent of the world's population will be exposed to deadly heatwaves by 2100 if carbon gas emissions continue to rise at current rates, according to a study published in Nature Climate Change. Even if emissions ...

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet, a landbound mass of ice larger than Mexico, experienced substantial surface melt through the austral summer of 2015-2016 during one of the largest El Nio events of the past 50 years, according ...

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This Duke alum and NASA engineer will show off his barbecue skills on Cooking Channel – News & Observer (blog)


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This Duke alum and NASA engineer will show off his barbecue skills on Cooking Channel
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He's an aerospace engineer, Ph.D graduate, lecturer, historian and traditional whole-hog barbecue pitmaster. He'll show off his culinary skills on the Cooking Channel's Man Fire Food on Tuesday at 9 p.m., according to NASA. Conyers, of New Orleans, ...

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Too windy: NASA cancels 8th try at launch for sounding rocket – Delmarva Daily Times

DelmarvaNow Staff Report Published 4:00 p.m. ET June 17, 2017 | Updated 7 hours ago

A Black Brant IX sounding rocket takes off Tuesday, May 16, from Wallops Flight Facility.(Photo: Submitted image)

NASA's much-anticipated, long-delayed sounding rocket launch from Wallops Flight Center has been canceled again. NASA said Sunday evening on its Wallops Facebook page that the launch was canceled because of high wind. NASA will try again Monday.

OR TUESDAY: Weather scratches Monday launch, NASA aims for Tuesday, June 20

People have waited outside or pulled up NASA's live stream online to watch the launch repeatedly since May 31, only to see nothing. Reasons for canceling the launch have ranged from high winds, cloud cover, and boats in the hazard area, NASA said.

BACKGROUND: 7th heaven for NASA? Wallops will again try launch Tuesday night

READ MORE: 1st in flight: Va. governor opens Wallops drone facility

The original launch date window was set to close June 18, but NASA said it has added June 19, 20 and 24 to the window.

The launch is rescheduled for no earlier than Monday, June 19, with a launch time window between 9:06 p.m. and 9:21 p.m., NASA said.

Officials will meet after a weather briefing Monday afternoon to make a decision on trying to launch Monday night.

Provided it can get off the ground, the flight of the Terrier Improved Malemute rocketis designed to test a new system of deploying canisters that release blue-green and red vapor to form artificial clouds, which are used in studying the ionosphere and aurora, scientists say.

People may be able to see the clouds along the mid-Atlantic from New York to North Carolina, NASA said.

Previously, the clouds could only be released in the immediate area of the payload. This time, a new ejection system will fire 10 canisters, each about the size of a soda can, between 6 and 12 miles away from the main payload.

The canisters are set to be deployed between four and five and a half minutes after launch. The clouds help scientists on the ground visually track particle motions in space. Scientists will use ground cameras based at Wallops and Duck, North Carolina, to monitor the results.

Using the new deployment method should allow scientists to study the particles over a much wider area, NASA said.

The vapor "tracers" consist of chemicals such asbarium, strontium and cupric-oxide. They are to be released at altitudes 96-124 miles high and pose "absolutely no hazard" to residents along the mid-Atlantic coast, officials say.

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Could tonight be the night? 8th shot for NASA to launch rocket, colorful clouds over NC – News & Observer


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Could tonight be the night? 8th shot for NASA to launch rocket, colorful clouds over NC
News & Observer
Residents from New York to North Carolina could see a rare light show high in Earth's atmosphere. But after several scrubbed attempts so far, it's uncertain when. After previously postponing the launch due to weather conditions and other issues, NASA ...
Father's Day rocket launch?WTOP
NASA re-schedules a colorful rocket launch for Father's DaySlashGear
Here's Why NASA Will Shoot Colorful Clouds Across The Sky On Father's DayTech Times

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Could tonight be the night? 8th shot for NASA to launch rocket, colorful clouds over NC - News & Observer

More Alien Worlds! NASA to Announce New Exoplanet Finds Monday – Space.com

NASA's Kepler space telescope has discovered thousands of planets orbiting distant stars.

NASA will announce the latest crop of planet discoveries from the Kepler Space Telescope during a briefing Monday morning (June 19).

The briefing will be at 11 a.m. EDT (1500 GMT) during the Kepler Science Conference at NASA's Ames Research Center in California.You can watch the exoplanet announcement here, courtesy of NASA TV. NASA will livestream the conference here:http://www.nasa.gov/live.

The briefing will incude a panel of four experts, according to a statement by NASA: Mario Perez, Kepler program scientist in the Astrophysics Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington; Susan Thompson, Kepler research scientist at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California; Benjamin Fulton, doctoral candidate at the University of Hawaii at Manoa and the California Institute of Technology; and Courtney Dressing, NASA Sagan Fellow at the California Institute of Technology. A question-and-answer session will follow. [Gallery: A World of Kepler Planets]

Kepler has been hunting for extrasolar planets since its launch in 2009. This latest set of exoplanet candidates will use a more complete data set than ever before, with analysis of greater sophistication. The spacecraft started a new mission, called K2, after the failure of two reaction wheels that stabilized the spacecraft in 2013. The K2 mission was a modified version of the original planet-hunting mandate, seeking worlds around relatively nearby red dwarf stars.

Newfound exoplanets are often listed as candidates because it can take time to verify that they are actually there. Kepler finds planets by observing the light of stars over a period of time, using a process called the transit method. If the light dims, then it's possible a planet passed in front of it. The evidence for an exoplanet is considered stronger if the light dims more than once on a predictable schedule, indicating that something is in orbit around the star.

Kepler was the first mission capable of seeing planets the size of Earth around other stars in the "habitable zone" the region at a distance from a star where liquid water could exist without freezing or boiling away immediately.

According to NASA, thus far Kepler has found 4,496 exoplanet candidates. Some 2,335 have been confirmed and 21 are Earth-size planets in the habitable zone. Since the mission was renamed K2, an additional 520 exoplanet candidates have been found, with 148 confirmed.

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Dawn mission managers await NASA decision on spacecraft’s future – Spaceflight Now

Artists concept of the Dawn spacecraft with one of its ion engines firing. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

The future of NASAs Dawn spacecraft, running low on hydrazine fuel and now flying around the dwarf planet Ceres without the help of internal pointing wheels, will be decided in the coming weeks by top space agency managers.

Scientists have not ruled out sending Dawn on a journey across the solar system to another destination, a voyage that counterintuitively might burn less of the crafts remaining hydrazine propellant than if Dawn stayed in orbit around Ceres, where it has resided since March 2015.

Dawns primary mission ended in June 2016, and NASA officials approved a one-year extension that expires June 30. The fate of Dawn after June 30 remains uncertain, but senior managers at NASA Headquarters are expected to soon decide whether the spacecraft should be turned off, continue exploring Ceres, or depart the dwarf planet and perhaps fly by an asteroid.

Officials are expected to consider the financial cost of Dawns operations and the scientific payoff of continuing the mission, either at Ceres or another destination.

We are in the process of assessing with NASA options for a second extended mission, said Carol Raymond, Dawns deputy principal investigator at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Raymond said Tuesday at a meeting of NASAs Small Bodies Assessment Group, a community of asteroid and comet scientists, that one option for Dawns future could be to send the probe away from Ceres to encounter an asteroid.

Otherwise, Dawn could remain at Ceres for further exploration of the previously-unvisited world, a dwarf planet with a diameter matching Texass, and the largest object in the asteroid belt.

The gray landscape of Ceres is scattered with impact craters, some of which contain salt deposits in the form of bright spots that greeted scientists with mystery as Dawn arrived in early 2015.

Dawn also found evidence of an ice-rich later in Ceress crust just below the worlds charcoal-colored surface, and scientists believe Ceres harbored an underground ocean in the past.

The mission also discovered a tenuous, temporary atmosphere containing water vapor around Ceres, and scientists have linked its fluctuations to the intensity of the solar wind.

Ceres was Dawns second destination after the craft orbited the giant asteroid Vesta in 2011 and 2012.

The solar-powered spacecraft, fitted with solar array wings spanning 65 feet (19.7 meters) tip-to-tip, was built by Orbital ATK and launched from Cape Canaveral aboard a United Launch Alliance Delta 2 rocket in September 2007.

The mission has exceeded all of its scientific objectives, and the last year of bonus operations at Ceres included extra imaging of the dwarf planet, and a unique opposition observation in late April that positioned the Dawn spacecraft directly between the sun and Occator Crater.

Scientists hoped the favorable sun angle would yield new insights about the bright salt material inside Occator.

Dawn lost the third of its four reaction wheels spinning devices similar to gyroscopes which use momentum to control the crafts pointing April 23, less than a week before the opposition observation opportunity.

The science campaign went ahead as planned after ground controllers restored Dawn to its regular flight mode, but using hydrazine-fueled rocket thrusters instead of reaction wheels.

Dawns first reaction wheel failed in 2010, before it reached Vesta. A second wheel stopped working in 2012 as the crafts ion propulsion system drove Dawn away from Vesta for the trip to Ceres.

Engineers designed Dawn to control its attitude, or orientation, in space with three reaction wheels, one for each pointing axis. A spare fourth reaction wheel was added for redundancy.

Experts from JPL and Orbital ATK devised a hybrid method of controlling Dawns attitude with the two remaining reaction wheels and hydrazine thrusters, the spacecraft now must fully rely on its rocket jets, wrote Marc Rayman, Dawns chief engineer at JPL, in a mission update posted on a NASA website.

With the third wheel failure, we can be grateful that each wheel provided as much benefit as it did, Rayman wrote. The wheels allowed Dawn to conduct extremely valuable work while using the hydrazine very sparingly.

Raymond said Tuesday that the third reaction wheel failure was certainly not a mission-ending event, but it does reduce our lifetime because we have to use the hydrazine at a faster rate.

Dawn will use more hydrazine to maintain its attitude when it is closer to Ceres, but spiraling the probe away from the dwarf planet with its three xenon-fueled ion engines would require even less of the hydrazine maneuvering propellant.

The amount of hydrazine Dawn uses depends on its activities, Rayman wrote last month. Whenever it fires an ion engine, the engine controls two of the three axes, significantly reducing the consumption of hydrazine.

In orbit around Vesta and Ceres, the probe often trains its sensors on the alien landscapes beneath it. The lower the orbital altitude, the faster the orbital velocity, so Dawn needs to turn faster to keep the ground in its sights, Rayman wrote. Also, the gravitational attraction of these massive worlds tends to tug on the unusually large solar arrays in a way that would turn the ship in an unwanted direction. That force is stronger at lower altitude, so Dawn needs to work harder to counter it.

The consequence is that Dawn uses more hydrazine in orbit around Vesta and Ceres than when it is journeying between worlds, orbiting the sun and maneuvering with its ion engine. And it uses more hydrazine in lower orbits than in higher ones, Rayman wrote.

There is plenty of xenon gas left aboard Dawn, officials said.

Raymond said Dawn is currently in an egg-shaped orbit around Ceres that ranges in distance between 12,000 miles (20,000 kilometers) and 30,000 miles (50,000 kilometers). The probe traveled as close as 240 miles (385 kilometers) to Ceres last year.

We have enough resources, hydrazine and xenon, to support operations through at least the end of 2018, Raymond said. That will be depending the decision at (NASA) Headquarters what we will do with those resources.

That lifetime prediction depends on Dawn remaining far away from Ceres.

One day at our low-altitude mapping orbit, which was at 385 kilometers, would be equivalent to about 18 days (of hydrazine fuel) at higher altitude, which is what were in now, Raymond said.

Lifetime at a lower altitude would likely be limited to weeks at this point, she said.

A decision on Dawns future in the coming weeks whether it will stay at Ceres or head elsewhere echoes a similar stay or go choice that faced NASA managers last June.

Dawns science team last year proposed dispatching Dawn toward asteroid Adeona, a primitive, carbon-rich remnant from a collision that destroyed a much larger body, for a relatively slow-speed flyby in May 2019, but NASA officials decided keeping the probe in orbit around Ceres would yield a greater scientific return.

One possible fate has been ruled out.

Scientists dont want Dawn to collide with Ceres and potentially spoil future exploration of the airless world.

When our planetary protection requirements were negotiated, (scientists) already made the prediction that Ceres was an ocean world in the past, and could possibly be an ocean world today, Raymond said. Weve been vindicated, so our planetary protection requirement was dont land, dont crash.

Before shutting off Dawn for good, navigators will ensure the spacecraft is on a quarantine trajectory that avoids impacting Ceres, she said.

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Dawn mission managers await NASA decision on spacecraft's future - Spaceflight Now

NASA Pulled Off An Amazing Feat To Find An Object 1 Billion Miles Beyond Pluto – The Daily Caller

NASA used several dozen ground-based telescopes to scan an extremely unusual object more than a billion miles beyond Pluto in order to send a space probe there.

NASA used numerous telescopes to scan an object called 2014 MU69, an extremely unusual red object, about 1 billion miles beyond Pluto. The objecthas a diameter of about 30 miles and orbits the sun once every 293 years, which meant the space agency could only study it during a two second period when it brieflycrossed in front of a distant star.

Observations of MU69 could only be made from an extremely limited area on Earth that included Argentina and South Africa. Researchers drafted more than two dozen fixed telescopes for the project andwere able to set up 25 portable telescopes in the viewing area in time.

The feat was the most technically challenging and complex stellar occultation observation campaign ever attempted, according to the NASA statement.

NASA is sending thespace probe New Horizons toMU69 on January 1, 2019. NASAsHubble Space Telescope discovered MU69 during a preliminary survey to find a suitableobjectfor New Horizons to visit in 2014.

The reddish color tells us the type of Kuiper Belt object 2014 MU69 is, Amanda Zangari, a New Horizons post-doctoral researcher from Southwest Research Institute, said in aNASA press statement. The data confirms that on New Years Day 2019, New Horizons will be looking at one of the ancient building blocks of the planets.

Scientists used New Horizons data to conclude the liquid ocean isprobably water mixed withammonia, which is similar to some commercialantifreeze. The liquid helps keep Pluto relatively warm. Other research using the probe suggests that Pluto is still expanding, meaning it probably has an ocean.

Other research recently used computer models of Plutos temperatures to determine that if the dwarf planets ocean froze millions or billions of years ago, it would have caused the entire planet to shrink. Plutos ocean is likely buried under a shell of ice more than 180miles thick. The ice insulates the ocean enough to prevent it from totally freezing, effectively keeping the dwarf planet somewhat warm. The ocean could also be responsible for unusual geologic activity in Pluto.

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NASA Pulled Off An Amazing Feat To Find An Object 1 Billion Miles Beyond Pluto - The Daily Caller

Op-ed | Budget proposal fails to recognize NASA’s growing importance to nation – SpaceNews

Vice President Mike Pence applauds during an event where NASA introduced 12 new astronaut candidates, Wednesday, June 7, 2017 at NASAs Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. After completing two years of training, the new astronaut candidates could be assigned to missions performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and launching on deep space missions on NASAs new Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System rocket. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA named the newest class of American heroes, as U.S. Vice President Mike Pence remarked during a June 12 ceremony in Houston to introduce 12 new astronauts to the program as NASA looks to a new era of space exploration. In his remarks, the vice president stressed the importance of NASAs work to inspire young people and demonstrate American leadership to the world and pledged that NASA will have the resources and support needed to continue to make history, to push the boundaries of human knowledge, and advance American leadership to the boundless frontier of space.

We applaud Vice President Pences support for a great NASA, and industry stands ready to work to assure that NASA can meet this bold vision for American space leadership.

Unfortunately, the administrations fiscal year 2018 budget request seeks to cut NASAs FY 2017 budget by more than $560 million dollars and then hold spending flat through 2022, further eroding NASAs buying power from levels that are already below those of the 1990s. This budget fails to address NASAs growing not shrinking importance to our nation.

The American people expect NASA to do great new things: send humans to deep space, expand the frontiers of science, improve our understanding of the Earth through innovative observations, and advance the state of aeronautics all with less than 0.4 percent of the federal budget. Funding for NASA is an investment in the future, one that creates good-paying jobs, promotes U.S. leadership in the global economy and encourages our best and brightest to pursue technical careers. After years of falling purchasing power, NASAs budget must be steadily grown, not cut, to enable the agency to do more great things for our nation.

Even as NASAs budget continues to be at a historically low portion of the federal budget, much of NASAs physical infrastructure built to support the 1960s Apollo moon landing program is over 50 years old. Many of NASAs buildings, research facilities, and deep space communications network need substantial modernization or replacement to support Mars and other deep space robotic missions leading to a human mission to Mars in the 2030s.

Rep. Brian Babin of Texas, the chairman of the House Science space subcommittee, was right when he noted this month that NASA is at the threshold of one of the greatest inflection points in the history of space exploration. Some highlights of NASA activities explain why.

At the Michoud Assembly Facility in Louisiana, engineers are building hardware for the Space Launch System, which will be the worlds most-powerful rocket. They are also welding the primary structure of the Orion crew module, which will take humans farther into space then they have ever gone before.

NASAs commercial crew and cargo programs are enabling a transition of proven, government-led capabilities to the private sector, expanding American leadership in space. These new capabilities and competition may soon enable exciting new markets, from mega-constellations to in-space manufacturing and space tourism.

Compelling new technologies to be developed by NASA will measure unique features of the composition of Earths atmosphere and oceans, forming a more-complete picture of our planet than ever before.

NASAs Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate has proposed a bold, 10-year plan that promises to transform modern aviation with a demonstrator for low-boom commercial supersonic flight and improved subsonic aircraft efficiency.

Next year will see the launch of NASAs James Webb Space Telescope. This engineering marvel building on the Hubble Space Telescopes revolutionary discoveries will enable us to observe the formation of the universe more than 13.5 billion years ago and image stars and planetary systems with unprecedented sensitivity.

The White Houses NASA budget proposal is being made in the context of the continuing downward pressure that the Budget Control Act of 2011 is having on NASA investments key to our nations future growth and security. This is why the Aerospace Industries Association believes the Budget Control Act should either be repealed or substantially modified.

NASAs work is a testament to American ingenuity and a world-recognized symbol of American leadership and soft power. The agency actively advances the state of the art and lays the foundation for American industry to produce space and aviation products without equal.

A great nation needs an even greater NASA. We hope Congress will support efforts to assure NASA is properly resourced to reflect its bold vision for our future.

Frank Slazer is responsible for advancing the Aerospace Industry Associationss advocacy on all civil and defense space program issues. Prior to joining AIA in 2011, Slazer worked for over 30 years in engineering and business development positions on a wide range of civil and military space programs for a number of major aerospace companies. His involvement with AIAs Space Council goes back to 1992, which he chaired in 2001 and 2002.

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Op-ed | Budget proposal fails to recognize NASA's growing importance to nation - SpaceNews

Nasa to unveil region-specific manifesto – Daily Nation

Sunday June 18 2017

Nasa leaders address a rally at Mikinduri market in Tigania East on June 17, 2017. PHOTO | PHOEBE OKALL | NATION MEDIA GROUP

Nasais set to unveil its campaign manifesto containing region-specific programmes on Monday ahead of the August 8 polls.

The manifesto is tailored to address the needs of every corner of the country in a bid to appeal to all Kenyans.

Unlike the 2013 Cord manifesto that was based on a 10-point action plan, Nasas region-specific promises have been collapsed into seven pillars addressing national reconciliation and healing, resolving historical injustices including implementing the Truth Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC) report, realising equality of women, youth and persons with disabilities, strengthening devolution, transforming government by implementing servant leadership, realising social and economic rights as enshrined in Article 43 of the Constitution, and eradicating poverty and unemployment.

In its 2013 manifesto, Cord had sought to create jobs, address food and national security, form a people-led government, eradicate poverty and reduce the high cost of living, guarantee social equality, put in place infrastructure and address land reforms, quality education, health care and national cohesion.

The Nation has learnt that the Nasa manifesto to be launched at the Racecourse Grounds in Nairobi on Monday heavily borrows from the Okoa Kenya proposal by which the opposition wanted to amend the Constitution.

The manifesto is very strong on 45 per cent of resources being devolved to the counties and is also very strong on agriculture and food security.

It borrows a lot from the Okoa Kenya manifesto.

For instance, it states that governors or county governments for that matter must have a say in security matters within their counties, said Mr Paul Mwangi, the director of legal affairs in the Raila Odinga Presidential Campaign Secretariat.

The Okoa Kenya proposal failed to proceed to the national referendum after failing to meet the required threshold of one million signatures according to Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC). But the opposition then accused IEBC of working in cahoots with the government to sabotage the process.

Under the Okoa Kenya Bill, the coalition promised to raise from 15 per cent to 45 per cent the revenue allocation to the counties by the national government.

The manifesto also has the input of each of the five Nasa affiliate parties among them ODM, Amani National Congress (ANC), Chama cha Mashinani, Wiper Democratic Movement and Ford Kenya.

With just 50 days to the General Election, Nasa hopes to rally the electorate behind it using the pledges that are specific to the needs of each region.

Guided by the seven pillars and a resolve to address the unique needs of the counties Nasa, for instance, will be promising residents of arid and semi-arid regions a Pastoralist Livelihoods Protection Marshall Plan (PALIPMAP).

The plan promises to establish permanent storage facilities for hay, fodder, and supplements as part of drought mitigation; development of sources and watering infrastructure; animal processing facilities and access to international market for livestock and livestock products.

The plan also proposes the establishment of leather processing facilities for local and export markets, development of tourism facilities including filming sites, desert safaris and eco-tourism to make youth transit from militia activities related to cattle rustling to becoming owners of tourism services facilities, establishment of small-scale and large-scale irrigation projects to provide animal feed and water; and effective livestock disease control mechanism including creation of disease-free zones.

With the current maize, milk and sugar shortage in the country, the opposition plans to go big on food security under a plan dubbed Kenya Integrated Food Security Marshall Plan (Keinfose Plan), a martial plan to make farming attractive and food available at prices that Kenyans can afford.

The plan terms the state of food insecurity pathetic, noting that prices for staple foods are out of reach of most Kenyan families.

The opposition attributes the prevailing situation to a serious disconnect between the existing policy framework and the reality on the ground.

This includes low and unstable agricultural production and productivity occasioned by over-reliance on rain-fed agricultural production systems, poor or no access to affordable agricultural credit by resource-poor producers and inadequate infrastructure.

Also, high cost of production vis-a-vis low producer prices, coupled with high uncertainty in income flows due to price volatility in agricultural commodities, and inadequate institutional support.

Keinfose Plan aims at enhancing food production, storage, processing and availability to the final consumers (from-farm-to-table-value chain). Under the plan, Nasa government will provide necessary support to farmers to access adequate and high quality agricultural inputs, credit, irrigation equipment and services and access to the market, the highlights of the manifesto states.

It notes that the National Cereals and Produce Board (NCPB) has storage capacity that far exceeds its current need and utilisation.

The reserve capacity of NCPB storage will be released for warehousing of farmers produce at minimal cost. At full capacity NCPB storage structures would take care of three million households (18 million Kenyans) for a year.

The key elements of Keinfose Plan include incentives to land owners in areas of good agricultural potential to put land currently lying idle to agricultural use; provision of water for irrigation to small-scale farmers by developing water sources, water pans, dams and reticulation systems; revamping the agricultural extension services; and, strengthening post-harvest handling of cereals and other grains to reduce losses by installing driers at close proximity to the farmers to enable harvest of cereals and grains at their biological maturity stage so as to free land for second crop during the season.

The opposition will also be promising to support farmers with a measure to mitigate the high cost of production that often causes high food prices.

This will be achieved through reducing taxes on fertilisers, chemicals, equipment and other farming related services, the opposition says.

It adds that the Nasa government will formulate and implement a Marshal plan to build sustainable integrated programmes and plans that would recognise the critical role played by the pastoralists communities in meat production for local and export market.

Under the plan, Nasa also pledges to build water reservoirs including dams and water pans in the agricultural belt to enable small scale agricultural producers access water for domestic use, irrigation, crop production, livestock and other farm activities, enable County Governments to establish bulk storage, aggregation centres and preservation facilities for various farm products particularly for drought resistant produce, and provide necessary support to farmers to access adequate and high quality agricultural inputs, credit, irrigation equipment and services and access to the markets among others.

Nasa insiders also spoke of attractive incentives for mineral rich counties, including sharing of billions of shillings from oil revenue.

In the past, the coalitions presidential candidate Raila Odinga had criticised President Uhuru Kenyatta for rejecting a Bill proposing a formula for revenue sharing.

Nasa flagbearer promises to revive economy and end theft of public funds.

Cartels in Kenyas financial sector are not happy with his firm stand on graft.

President Kenyatta and William Ruto take their hunt for votes to Kakamega County.

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Nasa to unveil region-specific manifesto - Daily Nation