Q113 Can people with HIV infection or AIDS be denied health, disability, or life insurance?
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Q113 Can people with HIV infection or AIDS be denied health, disability, or life insurance? - Video
Q114 Do confidential HIV test results have to be included in a person #39;s individual medical record?
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Q114 Do confidential HIV test results have to be included in a person's individual medical record? - Video
ShellyMind: Where Science Meets Art | Michelle Marquez | TEDxYouth@RVA
This talk was given at a local TEDx event, produced independently of the TED Conferences. Michelle Marquez created a unique experience specially for the audience at TEDxYouth@RVA and we are...
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ShellyMind: Where Science Meets Art | Michelle Marquez | TEDxYouth@RVA - Video
Prof. Ayelet Gneezy Associate Professor of Behavioral Science and Marketing at UCSD
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Prof. Ayelet Gneezy Associate Professor of Behavioral Science and Marketing at UCSD - Video
Q110 Can an employer require that a job applicant be tested for HIV?
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Q110 Can an employer require that a job applicant be tested for HIV? - Video
Next-generation imaging science and technology on the program for February event
Analyzing social interactions through imaging and making sense of the world's 3.5 trillion photographs are among featured topics at IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging 2015 in February in San Francisco. The event will draw researchers from academia, government, and industry from throughout the world for 21 conferences on topics in imaging systems, 3D display, image quality, optimization, and more.
The event will run 8-12 February at the Hilton San Francisco Union Square, sponsored by the Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T) and SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics.
Electronic Imaging will showcase the latest developments in the field and provide multiple opportunities to network with leading researchers and entrepreneurs, said Symposium Chair Sheila Hamami of Northeastern University.
Choon-Woo Kim of Inha University is Symposium Co-chair, and Majid Rabbani of Eastman Kodak Co. is Short Course Chair.
In the week's first plenary talk, James Rehg (Georgia Institute of Technology) will present results from a multi-institution effort he leads that is working to develop the science and technology of behavior imaging- the capture and analysis of social and communicative behavior using multi-modal sensing. The work has applications in the study and treatment of developmental disorders such as autism.
Alexei (Alyosha) Efros (University of California, Berkeley) in the second plenary talk, with discuss the unique challegnes that make "big visual data" analysis difficult compared to other types of content. , Efros will present recent work that aims to address this challenge in the context of visual matching, image retrieval, visual data mining, and interactive visual data exploration.
A popular 3D Theatre session during the conference on Stereoscopic Displays and Applications is among the week's highlights. Content from around the world will be shown on a high-quality polarized 3D screen.
The event also offers a 16-course educational program on fundamental and current topics in digital imaging, image process and analysis, displays, and related topics; a two-day industry exhibition and employment marketplace; an interactive paper session; and a hands-on demonstration session featuring technology driving next-generation imaging hardware, software, display, and research capabilities.
Conference proceedings will be published online in the SPIE Digital Library after the event as manuscripts are approved, with CD publication following when all manuscripts are in. Presenters are also encouraged to submit work to the Journal of Electronic Imaging, co-published by SPIE and IS&T under Editor-in-Chief Gaurav Sharma of the University of Rochester.
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Behavioral Imaging, Big Data Talks To Be Featured At IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging
You know, I have one simple request. And that is to have sharks with frickin laser beams attached to their heads! Dr. Evil
Well, were not quite there yet, but the U.S. Navy released a video this week showing off thenot-so-secret laser weapons system its been testing for a while on ships in the Persian Gulf.
Dubbed LaWS, the technology is designed to help Navy vessels defend against asymmetrical warfare attacks by small, fast-moving threats like UAV drones or explosive-laden patrol boats.
U.S. Navy Game-Changer: Seawater Turned Into Fuel
The video, accompanied by a frankly goofy hard rock soundtrack, shows the LaWS system using directed-energy beams to essentially heat up and detonate oncoming threats. There are no visible laser bolts in the manner of the Death Star versus X-Wing fighters, say but you can see the weapon take out threats both at sea and in the air.
According to the accompanying report from the U.S. Naval Institute (USNI), the LaWS system installed on the transport ship USS Ponce successfully disabled incoming UAVs and rocket-propelled grenades and burned out the engines of approaching rigid hull inflatable boats.
Laser-Armed Humvees Could Shoot Down Drones
Theres also a quick sequence of images in the video showing a single crew member aiming the weapon with a device that looks a lot like your standard video game console controller. One of the benefits of the LaWS system, according to the Navy, is that its much simpler and less expensive than traditional explosive munitions.
Whats more, the LaWS system isnt just a test program anymore. The commander of the Ponce is now authorized to use the laser in defense of the vessel, according to the USNI report. And so it begins. The Navy hopes to deploy variations of the laser weapons across the entire fleet by 2020.
Credit: U.S. Navy
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Zapped! U.S. Navy Deploys Laser Weapons
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Newswise In the midst of the chaos that is the Ebola epidemic in West Africa, a small group of University of Kansas researchers is quietly partnering with their colleagues in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Regional Office. Together, they are developing case studies to help understand what has worked in those areas of Liberia where the spread of Ebola Virus Disease has waned.
KUs World Health Organization Collaborating Centre, directed by Stephen Fawcett, Kansas Health Foundation Distinguished Professor, one of the only such centers focused on community health in North America, will conduct case studies in Liberia in counties where the incidence of the disease has dropped, such as Lofa, and in several other counties where improvement has been slower.
We will use the case studies to better understand what activities and interventions are associated with reductions in new cases of Ebola, said Fawcett, because in a disaster environment, it is very difficult to make sense of what is going on, and to what effect.
A key tool in developing the case studies is the Online Documentation and Support System (ODSS), a tool originated by the KU Work Group for Community Health and Development, which Fawcett also co-directs. That system will help collect and analyze data from interviews of the staff of governmental organizations (e.g., Ministry of Health, Ebola treatment centers) and non-governmental organizations (e.g., Doctors without Borders) as well as traditional leaders, members of the media and others. The ODSS will make it easier for WHO staff to carry out monitoring and evaluation responsibilities with the Ebola response effort.
At the invitation of WHO, the KU team started work on the Ebola effort in September building training routines, developing a field form for use by WHO staff in the regional office and training staff in Brazzaville and Monrovia via Skype. Now the WHO team is beginning to enter data on the Ebola response effort, said Fawcett.
Fawcett said that the case studies should be completed by spring 2015.
The team hopes that the initial case studies in affected areas in Liberia can inform ongoing efforts in that country as well as in Guinea and Sierra Leone where the Ebola epidemic remains a serious problem, he said. Learning from this collaborative project can help guide WHOs response in continuing and future disease outbreaks.
Besides Fawcett, the KU team includes Jerry Schultz, co-director of the KU Work Group, and Florence DiGennaro Reed, assistant professor of applied behavioral science. DiGennaro Reed, a behavioral scientist with expertise in performance improvement, said that the WHO effort was among the most meaningful work of her career. She also co-directs the departments joint Ph.D.-M.P.H. degree program in collaboration with the Master of Public Health program in the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health at KU Medical Center. This is the first degree in the nation to combine an M.P.H. with the advanced study in applied behavioral science. The other two members of the team, Ithar Hassaballa and Charles Sepers, are graduate students in the program and graduate research assistants for the KU Work Group.
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University of Kansas Research Team Helps WHO Make Sense of Ebola Response Efforts
Q111 Job Rights for Persons with HIV/AIDS
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Q111 Job Rights for Persons with HIV/AIDS - Video
PARIS The well-heeled Marilyn Monroe once said, "Give a girl the right shoes and she can conquer the world."
The allure of high-heeled shoes is no secret among women, who have used them to entice men from the streets of Ancient Rome to the New York City sidewalks of Carrie Bradshaw. Heels have also been a controversial symbol in the battleground of sexual politics.
Now a scientific study in France has measured their power.
Scientists from the Universite de Bretagne-Sud conducted experiments that showed that men behave very differently toward high-heeled women. The results, published online in the journal "Archives of Sexual Behaviour," may please the purveyors of Christian Louboutin or Jimmy Choo shoes yet frustrate those who think stilettos encourage sexism.
The study found if a woman drops a glove on the street while wearing heels, she's almost 50 percent more likely to have a man fetch it for her than if she's wearing flats.
Another finding: A woman wearing heels is twice as likely to persuade men to stop and answer survey questions on the street. And a high-heeled woman in a bar waits half the time to get picked up by a man, compared to when her heel is nearer to the ground.
"Women's shoe heel size exerts a powerful effect on men's behavior," says the study's author, Nicolas Gueguen, a behavioral science researcher. "Simply put, they make women more beautiful."
Raised shoes have an unglamorous beginning: worn first by Egyptian butchers, who donned platforms to avoid treading in bloody offal.
But on women as "signifiers of femininity," raised shoes initially appeared in Ancient Greece and Rome, according to Elizabeth Semmelhack of The Bata Shoe Museum. In Rome, where the sex trade was legal, high heels helped clients identify prostitutes in crowds.
Although high heels were worn for centuries in the Ottoman Empire and in Persia for horseback riding, they only minced into the West in the 1500s, when they were associated with imperial power and popularized as erotic in the 19th and 20th centuries. Such was the allure that a person with status or wealth became referred to as "well-heeled."
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Science proves high heels do have power over men
Q105 Are people who test HIV positive required to tell their doctors the names of their partners?
From the HIV Avatar Project, posted by the Department of Behavioral Science and Community Health at the University of Florida hiv-avatar-project.com http://bsch.phhp.ufl.edu/
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Embargoed for release until December 8, 2014 TIME 11: 45 AM PT / 2:45 PM ET
Newswise SEATTLE, December 8, 2014 Children with epilepsy can face greater intellectual and behavioral problems compared to their peers. New research presented at the American Epilepsy Societys (AES) 68th Annual Meeting explores the complex emotional, behavioral and intellectual disabilities associated with childhood epilepsy and their effect on development.
The first of three studies (Platform Session A.04) presents a culmination of 20-30 years of research that sought out to understand if intellectual disability (ID) predicts a low chance of remission and a high risk of intractability in epilepsy. Researchers of this study focused on examining the severity of ID to predict epilepsy outcome.
A cohort of children from Nova Scotia who developed epilepsy between 1977 and 1985 and had ID was followed for an average of 21 years following diagnosis. The initial study followed 692 children with incident epilepsy, of which 147 (21%) had intellectual disability. The degree of intellectual disability was established by standard psychometric testing around 5 years of age, and confirmed by subsequent academic achievements.
Researchers at Dalhousie University found that the degree of intellectual disability in children with epilepsy did predict seizure outcome. Mild intellectual disability was associated with a substantially better prognosis for remission and absence of intractability than moderate or severe/profound ID. Focal epilepsy and mild intellectual disability had the same rate of remission and intractability as focal epilepsy with normal intelligence. While mild ID seriously affects social outcome, it is not an important prognostic factor for seizure outcome, particularly if the epilepsy is focal.
The level of ID varied by the type of epilepsy present, with focal epilepsy apparent in 70% with mild ID, 38% with moderate and 29% with severe/profound ID. Generalized symptomatic epilepsies were most common with moderate (53%) and severe/profound ID (65%) than with mild ID (13%). Participants with mild ID were more likely to be in remission at the end of the twenty-year follow up (50%) than moderate (34%) or severe/profound ID (28%). Intractable epilepsy was more common with moderate (35%) and severe/profound (59%) than with mild ID (17%).
Mild intellectual disability has a profound effect on a childs adaptation to adult life, said Dr. Peter Camfield, M.D., Professor Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University. However, it is not particularly associated with severe epilepsy. Moderate to severe ID has ominous implications for seizure control.
A second study (Poster 1.097) explores the relationship between behavioral/psychiatric disorders and childhood epilepsy. Researchers at Northwestern Universitys Feinberg School of Medicine referenced children with the Connecticut Study of Epilepsy (CSE) that were recruited between 1993 and 1997, and underwent comprehensive reassessments between 2002 and 2006, 8 to 9 years after they were diagnosed with epilepsy. Within those 16 years, cognitive testing was conducted with a Wechsler IQ test and behavioral assessment with the parent-reported Child Behavior Check List (CBCL). Controls of this study were similar-aged siblings without epilepsy who received the same assessment instruments.
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Behavioral and Intellectual Disabilities in Pediatric Epilepsy Examined in Three Studies at AES Annual Meeting
Does Santa Make Us Selfish? | The Behavioral Science Guys
Could the way we frame Christmas make us naughty or nice? The Behavioral Science Guys are David Maxfield and Joseph Grenny, New York Times bestselling authors and part-time Santa #39;s helpers....
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Does Santa Make Us Selfish? | The Behavioral Science Guys - Video
'Mary Poppins' comes to the Springer this holiday season 'Mary Poppins' comes to the Springer this holiday season
Updated: Thursday, December 4 2014 10:47 AM EST2014-12-04 15:47:04 GMT
Updated: Thursday, December 4 2014 10:25 AM EST2014-12-04 15:25:08 GMT
Updated: Thursday, December 4 2014 9:16 AM EST2014-12-04 14:16:03 GMT
Updated: Thursday, December 4 2014 9:02 AM EST2014-12-04 14:02:08 GMT
In an advisory to doctors, the CDC said flu virus samples taken from Oct. 1 through Nov. 22 showed that just under half matched the current influenza strain in this year's vaccine.
In an advisory to doctors, the CDC said flu virus samples taken from Oct. 1 through Nov. 22 showed that just under half matched the current influenza strain in this year's vaccine.
Updated: Thursday, December 4 2014 8:52 AM EST2014-12-04 13:52:06 GMT
Dr. Albert Eaton, Director of Behavioral Science at Columbus Regional Health, visited our studio Tuesday to discuss this important issue.
"We have incredible expectations the food's got to be perfect, the drinks have to be perfect, people have to be perfect, you have to dress perfectly it's impossible," Dr. Eaton said. "It just doesn't happen that way, and when we realize that, we accept it a little bit more, we're a lot happier. We can sit back and enjoy the family and friends. But some other things get us in trouble too. We have these expectations that will fix all family problems. Sometimes we overindulge food and alcohol and that creates other problems, and people can feel very alone and depressed."
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Guest Dr. Albert Eaton discusses holiday stress, depression
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Will you be taking a brain-scan for your next job interview? Jim Heskett explores the emerging world of neuromanagement and what it means for both organizations and employees. What do YOU think?
or years, behavioral scientists have been telling us that they have a great deal to contribute to decision theory and management. Their work most applicable to business, however, was often overshadowed by that of economists. But as the assumptions of rational behavior and "perfect information" that formed the basis of much of the work in economics concerning markets came into question, behavioral science not based on those assumptions gained ascendance.
At first, the contributions from behavioral science were based on laboratory tests, too many of them involving handy college students. They helped describe biases (at least among those being tested). For example, we learned that people tend to devalue long-term returns in relation to short-term gains. They tend not to buy and sell according to self-set rules.
A person willing to pay up to $200 for a ticket to a sporting event is not, once he owns it, willing to sell it at any price above $200counter to what economists would predict. Behavioral science regards it as perfectly reasonable behavior, explained by what they call the "endowment effect." It is one of many behaviors that help explain why markets are not always "rational," why they may not be a reflection of perfect information, why people buy high and sell low.
A recent study of "midlife northeast American adults" raises questions about whether we are entering the next stage in what might be termed an era of neuromanagement. In it, a group of researchers claim to have found that brain structure and the density of cells in the right posterior parietal cortex are associated with willingness to take risks. They found that participants with higher gray matter volume in this region exhibited less risk aversion. The results "identify what might be considered the first stable biomarker for financial risk-attitude," according to the authors.
The study is a distant cousin to those that have located the side of the brain associated with creativity and the portion of the brain that is stimulated, for example, by gambling or music. Assuming: (1) there will be more research efforts combining the results of brain scans with behavioral exercises, and (2) findings are proven to be more valid than, say, those associated with phrenology, it raises some interesting questions about the future.
Is it possible that some organizations selecting and hiring talent may, in the future, require a brain scan, just as some require psychological testing today? Is hiring on the basis of brain structure much different than hiring, for example, on the basis of height or other characteristics required to perform certain jobs? Or does it raise too many ethical questions? For example, who will own the data? How will it be used? How would we apply the results?
Are we entering the next stage in an age of neuromanagement? What will it look like? What do you think?
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Are we entering an era of Neuromanagement?
Weve all used behavioral interview questionsquestions that ask job candidates to recount a past experience so we can assess their likely future performance. In theory, behavioral interview questions should work just fine (because past behavior is usually a decent predictor of future behavior).
But most interviewers ask behavioral questions in a way that gives away the correct answer and thus ruins the questions effectiveness.
Here are some pretty typical behavioral interview questions:
You probably noticed that all of these questions ask the candidate to recount a time when they successfully did something. The candidate is asked about times they adapted to a difficult situation, balanced competing priorities, made their job more interesting and successfully persuaded someone. And that leads us to the flaw in these questions.
The flaw in behavioral interview questions These behavioral interview questions make very clear that the candidate is supposed to share a success story about adapting, balancing, persuading, etc. No candidate in their right mind would answer these questions by saying Im terrible at persuading people, and my boss is a jerk who never listens to me anyway. Or Im constantly overwhelmed by competing priorities, and I cant live like that.
These questions give away the right answers; cuing candidates to share success stories and avoid examples of failure. But how are interviewers supposed to tell good from bad candidates if everyone shares only success stories? Wouldnt you rather change the question so that candidates feel free to tell you about all the times they couldnt balance competing priorities? Or failed to persuade people? Or couldnt adapt to a difficult situation?
Lets take the question Tell me about a time when you were bored on the job and what you did to make the job more interesting. Because the question gives away the correct answer (talk about going from bored to interested), anyone who answers is going to say something like heres what I did to make the job the more interesting, and I grew professionally, and I was so enriched, etc.
But now, imagine that you tweaked the question to not divulge the answer and you asked Could you tell me about a time when you were bored on the job? Because youre not giving away the correct answer, youre going to hear a wide range of responses.
Some candidates (people who are problem bringers in their current job) are going to say things like OMG, that job was sooo boring and I couldnt wait to quit and I was bored, but hey, I needed the money. Answers like that are a great gift because they immediately tell you not to hire that candidate. And those answers make your job as interviewer much easier because they help you weed-out the weaker candidates.
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The Hidden Flaw In Behavioral Interview Questions
Washington, D.C. (PRWEB) December 01, 2014
Washington, D.C. Dr. Julia Lane, an internationally recognized economist and Institute Fellow at the American Institutes for Research (AIR), has been elected by her peers at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) as a Fellow. The honor recognizes her contributions to innovation, education and scientific leadership.
Lane, an expert in science and innovation policy, joined AIR after directing the Science of Science and Innovation Policy Program at the National Science Foundation (NSF). She led the multi-agency, multi-university Science and Technology for Americas Reinvestment: Measuring the EffecTs of Research on Innovation, Competitiveness and Science (STAR METRICS) program, a partnership between science agencies and research institutions to publicly document the outcomes of science investments.
Election as a Fellow of AAAS, a tradition begun in 1874, is an honor bestowed upon members for meritorious efforts to advance science or its applications.
AAAS, an international organization dedicated to advancing science for the benefit of all, will host an event honoring its Fellows during the groups annual meeting February 14, 2015 in San Jose, Calif.
About AIR Established in 1946, with headquarters in Washington, D.C., the American Institutes for Research (AIR) is a nonpartisan, not-for-profit organization that conducts behavioral and social science research and delivers technical assistance both domestically and internationally in the areas of health, education and workforce productivity. For more information, visit http://www.air.org.
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Julia Lane Elected AAAS Fellow in Recognition of Her Scientific Leadership
Larry Steinbergs latest book is Age of Opportunity: Lessons from the New Science of Adolescence. (rromer/Flickr)
We generally think of adolescence as ending at about age 18. But Larry Steinberg, a professor of psychology at Temple University, says new brain science is starting to reveal why teenagers seem to stay teenage through their mid-twenties.
Steinberg joins Here & Nows Jeremy Hobson to discuss the findings in hislatest book, Age of Opportunity: Lessons from the New Science of Adolescence (excerpt below)
He also explains why the adolescent years are so developmentally crucial, and what parents can do to raise happier and more successful kids.
On adolescence lasting longer
If we look at the average of age of puberty now in the United States, girls are starting puberty around 11 or 12 years old. If you look at when young women are getting married in the United States, the average age is 27 or 28 years old. So were talking about a pretty long span of time and the same time interval lengthwise for boys as for girls. We know that when people go through puberty the sex hormones associated with that affect the brain as well as the rest of the body. We can mark the beginning of adolescence in one way by looking at when thats happening, so that really is determined when someone goes through puberty. On the other hand, we can look at the end of adolescence in terms of when the brain is not maturing so much anymore and that seems to be going on until people are in their mid-20s or so. Roughly speaking, we can look at this period and bracket it as going from age 10 to age 25.
Onhow education should change in light of this
One thing that we should do in school is to focus more on what experts are referring to as non-cognitive skills and that would include things like perseverance, determination and grit. If you think about the challenge about becoming an adult now, you need to be able to stay in school for a very long time. You need to be able to stay in school through the completion of a four year college degree to get a decent-paying job, and that requires that we help young people develop the capacity to delay gratification and to persevere, even at tasks that theyre maybe not so crazy about.
On the opportunityof adolescents malleable brain
One of the main themes of the book is that were discovering that the brain during adolescence is very malleable or very plastic. What that means is that the brain has a heightened capacity to change in response to experience. That cuts both ways: on the one hand it means that the brain is especially susceptible to toxic experiences that can harm it, but on the other hand it means that the brain is also susceptible to positive influences that can promote growth. Thats the kind of opportunity that I think we need to think about in relation to adolescence and its an opportunity I think were squandering.
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The New Science Of Adolescence
PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:
1-Dec-2014
Contact: Diana Yates diya@illinois.edu 217-333-5802 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign @illinois_alma
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- The house mouse, stickleback fish and honey bee appear to have little in common, but at the genetic level these creatures respond in strikingly similar ways to danger, researchers report. When any of these animals confronts an intruder, the researchers found, many of the same genes and brain gene networks gear up or down in response.
This discovery, reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggests that distantly related organisms share some key genetic mechanisms that help them respond to threats, said University of Illinois cell and developmental biology professor Lisa Stubbs, who led the research with animal biology professor Alison Bell and entomology professor and Institute for Genomic Biology director Gene Robinson. Bell and Stubbs also are IGB faculty.
"We knew that a variety of animals share genes for some common physical traits. Now it appears that different organisms share a 'genetic toolkit' for behavioral traits, as well," Stubbs said.
The team used comparative genomics to look at changes in brain gene expression in the house mouse (Mus musculus), stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and honey bee (Apis mellifera) in response to intrusion by a member the same species.
"One of the striking findings is that elements of the brain gene-expression response to a territorial intrusion were common to all three species, despite vast differences in brain anatomy among the three," Bell said. "This is meaningful because it suggests that molecular similarities run deeper than brain structural similarities."
All three species saw changes in the expression of genes that regulate hormones and neurotransmitters that are known to influence behavior. Other shared responses involved genes that contribute to brain developmental processes; metabolic genes; genes related to muscle contraction and blood supply; and genes associated with the formation of synapses, the growth of neurons and the differentiation of glial brain cells.
"To find common sets of activated genes, in species that evolved their behavioral responses to intruders hundreds of millions of years apart from each other, gives hope that scientists will be able to make use of comparative genomics to better understand how the behaviors of different species relate to each other, and to ourselves," Robinson said.
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Study: Different species share a 'genetic toolkit' for behavioral traits