Factors Affecting Op Amp Gain (Closed Loop)

I rigged up an instrumentation amplifier circuit using LM324N(4 opamps on one chip). I chose the value of resistors such that the circuit would give an amplification of 620. But when I tested the output on the CRO and found the gain manually, the gain turned out to be mere 150!!! I used 3 opamps and

Adhesive Tapes for Bonding Vinyl Membranes

Adhesive tape for bonding textile reinforced fabric with transparent vinyl membrane.

Just starting a new project that involves production of PVC roll up blinds.

I know how to heat weld and HF weld PVC membrane but understand it may also be possible to use heat or pressure activated

Coloring Stainless Steel

I worked in a factory producing parts motor.I wear a stainless steel base material. My Customers want stainless steel like a rainbow-colored shades of blue, red and brown.I've tried to burn with fire.But the results are not shiny. Can you tell me how should it is?

Cleaning Windows with Newspapers

I have heard that newspapers are really good for cleaning windows. Most people say it is because the paper it is printed on is very soft and leaves behind no lint, but I have heard that it is really because of the ink in the paper. Some say that the ink can "absorb" dirt and finger prints. Does an

The Future of Memory

Some day ago, in a tv show there were a debate about nanotechnologies , and when they get to the future of digital memory (due to the physical restrains) some suggested that a eventual development would be to control the spin of electrons of ones and zeros.

I am not a genius of physic ,

Adhesive Information

Dear Sir

I am a Post-Doc student and I am developing research works in adhesive joints with nano-enhanced glue in Portsmouth University-UK.

I want to add nanoclays specially modified, by chemical treatments, in the glue.

After the nano-processed adhesive will be applied in struc

Weight Calculation of Dishends

Does PVElite use moss's formulas for calculation of surface areas and weights?

Because using the surface area given in the calculation of PVElite if we calculate the weight . W= Area*thickness* density, it does not match with the weight calculated by PVElite.

Air Cool Chiller for Small Space

iam designing aportable air cool chiller for a small room of size 3x3 m2 , as a graduation project .My question is how do i calculate the capacity of my air chiller ? how to calcualte the blower and heat exchanger size ? what is the proper place for the blower ? i have used a simple water cooler sys

welding material

My dear friends, I am a fresh man in this forum, I would like to find the buyers of the welding material, is there anybody can give me some information? Thank you in advance

Strenght of RC Structure

I am a civil & structural engineer and have seen numerous bldg plans and read numerous books. Is it good to design a RC Structure based on the Strength of Materials and percentage of Steel reinforcement and concrete grade only ?

Most engineers design are alike, even though they used CAD and m