April 8, 2021

If science is your favorite school subject, consider a biochemistry role. This lab-based science studies why certain substances cause reactions in the cells of various living beings. There are many specialties you can pursue within this degree that can ready you for careers like biochemists, chemical engineers or professors. In this article, we review what biochemistry is, tips for becoming a biochemist and the different roles you can pursue with a biochemistry degree.

Biochemistry is the combination of chemistry, physics and biology. Biochemistry professionals study how these different elements of science affect various living beings and organisms. Many students looking to explore the chemical processes that take place within a living system typically major in biochemistry. Most of the careers you can earn in this degree vary according to your preferred responsibilities and work environment. This degree allows you to specialize in a wide variety of fields, including chemistry, biology and research.

To become a biochemist or to work in the biochemistry field, you must have impressive scientific skills, knowledge and capabilities. You can earn these qualifications by taking the proper courses and gaining relevant experience in your field. Follow these tips to become a successful biochemist:

Earn a high school diploma: You should first graduate high school with your diploma or a GED. Try to take courses like physics, chemistry, mathematics and biology to familiarize yourself with the basic scientific concepts you may later go in-depth on in your bachelor's program.

Get a bachelor's degree: Most employers require biochemistry candidates to earn at least a bachelor's degree in biochemistry, biology, chemistry or another related field.

Select elective courses: Many programs offer elective courses depending on the area of the biochemistry field that you'd like to pursue. You can take courses that help you advance your education further into the medical, biotechnology or veterinary master's degree programs.

Participate in lab work: A majority of biochemistry careers take place in a laboratory. You may complete lab work during your courses to familiarize yourself with the tools and overall lab atmosphere. You can also pursue an internship in a lab to gain hands-on lab training and experience.

There are a wide variety of fields you can pursue, such as forensic science, chemistry and biology, after you earn a biochemistry degree. Common jobs people with biochemistry degrees typically pursue include:

National average salary: $51,544 per year

Primary duties: A forensic science technician assists forensic scientists in criminal investigations to perform tests and report their results. Common job responsibilities include collaborating with law enforcement at crime sciences to collect DNA, running DNA profiling and chemical analysis tests, testifying as an expert witness in court and handling hazardous and contaminated pieces of physical evidence safely and responsibly.

Related: Learn About Being a Forensic Science Technician

National average salary: $63,734 per year

Primary duties: Forensic scientists process various pieces of evidence to help law enforcement prosecute suspects in criminal cases. Other responsibilities include interpreting blood spatter patterns at crime scenes, tracing drugs and other illegal substances in tissues and bodily fluids, managing and preserving crime scenes until the necessary personnel arrives and conducting post-mortem investigations on crime scene victims.

National average salary: $63,908 per year

Primary duties: A chemical engineer uses their advanced knowledge of mathematics and different areas of science to enhance the processes used in chemical experiments. They also work to find solutions to problems that scientists in the chemical industry may regularly undergo. Other key job duties include building, proposing and implementing plans to reach chemical companies' goals, increasing the quality and efficiency levels of chemical processes and compiling and analyzing data gained from on-site visits.

Related: Learn About Being a Chemical Engineer

National average salary: $65,066 per year

Primary duties: A biochemistry professor works for a university, college or other academic institution teaching students about different elements of biochemistry. Their main duties include providing lectures, administering tests, quizzes and assignments, conducting office hours to address students' questions about the lectures, overseeing lab experiments students conduct and developing syllabi that reflects the program's required curriculum.

National average salary: $79,272 per year

Primary duties: A biochemist conducts studies and experiments on the composition and functions of different life forms to determine how various chemical processes affect them. Other key job responsibilities include designing and executing scientific experiments, analyzing and recording large data sets and results, making recommendations on chemical processes based on their findings and refining chemical compounds for medical professionals or the public to use.

National average salary: $80,831 per year

Primary duties: A biologist studies plant life and other organisms to make discoveries about their behaviors, compositions and habitats. They also conduct research on these living beings to determine how other beings or organisms affect their environments. Other job duties include identifying, studying and classifying animals, plants and ecosystems, taking samples and measurements of organisms, learning more about organisms' diets and behaviors and maintaining detailed and accurate records related to their scientific research.

National average salary: $94,755 per year

Primary duties: A medical scientist conducts research on human illnesses and diseases to uncover ways to improve the health of humans. Other job responsibilities include conducting studies to investigate human diseases and potential treatment methods, analyzing medical data and samples to determine causes and dangers of certain chronic diseases or pathogens, building and testing various medical devices and writing research grant proposals for funding applications from private funding and government sources.

National average salary: $111,143 per year

Primary duties: A research scientist conducts experiments on different scientific concepts to prove or disprove certain scientific theories or insights. Other job responsibilities include proposing innovative scientific research ideas, spearheading data collection processes and efforts and publishing important findings in scholarly and academic journals.

Read more from the original source:
8 Jobs To Pursue With a Biochemistry Degree | Indeed.com

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is the worlds largest multidisciplinary society for the sciences and a leading publisher of research. Each year, the AAAS Council elects Fellows for their research and its applications significant to science and society. In 2021, nine UChicago professors were named AAAS Fellows.

Phoebe A. Rice

Biochemistry and molecular biophysics professor Phoebe A. Rices research focuses on the fundamentals of biochemical systems, specifically how proteins control DNA and mobile genetic elements.

I think weve made a lot of contributions to understanding DNA rearrangement reactions from a very fundamental biochemistry point of viewhow they are orchestrated and controlled, Rice said. For the DNA rearrangement enzymes Im working on now, one of my hopes is that people can use the tools were developing to get microbes to make biofuels, which will be very useful to the planet.

Rice prizes the laboratory work involved in her research. I find [the laboratory work] amazingit shows the intricacies of how Mother Nature pulls things off, Rice said. To some degree, I view it almost as art. Its showing people how beautiful nature is even at the tiny level.

In the study of protein structures, there has been a recent revolution in artificial intelligence methods. Within the last year, artificial intelligence methods have gotten very good at looking at enormous databases of protein structures and sequences and then taking a new sequence and guessing the structure, Rice said. We can make predictions that give you testable hypotheseswithout even having to lift a pipette.

Amanda Woodward

Amanda Woodward, Dean of the Division of the Social Sciences and the William S. Gray Distinguished Service Professor of Psychology, is a founding member of UChicagos Center for Early Childhood Research. As a developmental psychologist, Woodward studies how infants make sense of other people's actions and interactions. Human beings are really intensely social species, Woodward said. So understanding who we are as thinkers, reasoners, and learners sort of depends on understanding how we react to the social context.

Woodwards most highly cited paper was published in 1998; it details her discovery that infants are able to recognize the difference between object and human movements and see the latter as goal-directed. It established a whole program of research in my lab and also inspired a lot of research around the world, Woodward said.

This was followed by another discovery that babies reasoning about other peoples behavior is directly connected with their motor development. Woodwards lab found that the babys own ability to use tools predicted how they were going to reason about other peoples actions and abilities.

During my lifetime, there have been really important discoveries in this field that have shaped what we know about the human mind and its development, so that makes it exciting to be in science and part of that discovery process. Thats what motivates my work, Woodward said.

Yoav Gilad

Professor of Medicine Yoav Gilad focuses on functional genomics, analyzing phenotypes at the molecular level to better understand clinically relevant differences between people.

One of the current projects that his lab is working on involves developing a new cell culture model using an in vitro system, which will allow them to characterize environmental interactions with human genomes during early development. If we're correct about the potential of this new system, then I believe that it can truly change the amount of insight we can have into patients' risk and response to medication, Gilad said. It can even help with developing new medicine by testing it much more rapidly in the lab before going through testing phases.

Gilads interest in this area was largely inspired by his study of olfaction while in pursuit of his doctorate degree. Through my work on olfaction, I became very interested not just in the different ways that we can smell things, but just in general the relationship between genes, environment, and our phenotypic differences, Gilad said. Over the last decade or so, I became interested in how we can use these tools to actually make an impact in the health system and in the clinic.

One of the most significant discoveries made by Gilad and his lab has been in the area of gene regulation and variation, where they produced one of the first maps to track rotary mechanisms. Another significant discovery comes from Gilads work in comparative genomics; Gilad and his team established the first panel of chimpanzee stem cells, which they now freely share with other scientists. I'm very proud that there are dozens of papers that are not from our lab, but use our cells, the resources that we developed, to really enhance that field, Gilad said.

Michael Coates

Michael Coates is a Professor of Organismal Biology and Anatomy whose research focuses on early vertebrate diversity and evolution. He is most interested in discovering morphology, the origin and form that underlies vertebrate body parts, using fossils to look at the early radiation of modern vertebrate groups. Coates works primarily with fish, and collaborates closely with fish labs that look at the developmental biology side of fish.

One of Coatess biggest accomplishments was discovering the earliest limbs with digits in his postdoctoral work. Coates and his colleagues found that the number of digits varied, as opposed to the widely accepted standard number of five digits. Although Coates has made several discoveries and contributions to the field of morphology, he continues to be fascinated by fundamental questions regarding the genetic path to morphology and what this means in the context of how genes and development have changed throughout time, as well as how this process has been shaped by the history of the planet. It's clear that there are big, big gaps in the early record of vertebrate life. I'd love to see those filled, and we have gotten better tools for this imaging and making sense of it.

Jeanne C. Marsh

Jeanne C. Marsh is the George Herbert Jones Distinguished Service Professor in the Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice and the Director of the Center for Health Administration Studies. Marshs work focuses on health services research that looks at the integration of health and social services.

Currently, Marsh is focusing on the health disparities area; her team is studying the impact of substance abuse treatment on client functioning, specifically in women and children. One of the studies that she is leading is a study in Los Angeles County on the opioid epidemic. They are looking closely at not only gender disparities, but also race and ethnic disparities and how they can help improve access to treatment for these marginalized populations.

I think one hallmark of my work is a sense that we really need to do whatever data collection is necessary to hear directly from the people who are in the real world experiencing these issues, Marsh said. It isn't good enough just to pick up a big data set and run some analysis, it's really important to get the perspective of the people who are engaged in the process, who may be receiving the services.

One of the most significant parts of Marshs research has been becoming increasingly aware of health disparities which stem from broader social inequities. Findings from my research show that targeting health and social services to specific client needs significantly improves their health and social functioning, Marsh said. I bring a social work perspective to this research indicating that asking clients what health and social services they need and then providing them improves client outcome and satisfaction when compared to alternative approaches.

Marsh is also taking part in a new project that involves faculty members from both the Department of Medicine and the Crown Family School. They are primarily interested in health care for the disadvantaged, specifically in Medicare and Medicaid data. That's really the exciting part about science, when you can work together with really smart people in the process of discovery, addressing whatever your curiosity might be.

Maria-Luisa Alegre

Professor of Medicine Maria-Luisa Alegres research focuses on the molecular mechanisms involved in organ transplants. One area is centered around tolerance, while the other is centered on studying the impact of different environmental factors, specifically microbiota.

Currently, Alegre and her team are working with mice to explore how the immune response is altered by the gut microbiota. Their goal is to answer the question of how the microbiota that colonizes the transplanted organ itself influences the immune response to that organ and the commensals that colonize the organ. They are also working on figuring out what components of the immune system are being awakened to reject the organ when challenges that can threaten tolerance arise, such as severe infections.

Her goal for her research ultimately goes back to making an impact in the clinic. We would like to get to a point where we understand the mechanisms that underlie transplantation tolerance well enough that we could translate that into the clinic and be able to follow and monitor the cells of patients who are transplanted, Alegre said.

Edward Blucher

Edward Blucher is a Professor of Physics whose research focuses on particle physics. His studies center around exploring the imbalance that built up in the first millionth of a second or so during the Big Bang. Almost everything I have been studying is broadly connected by one big physics question, which is trying to better understand what happened early in the universe between matter and antimatter.

One of Bluchers most significant discoveries was on symmetry violation. We were looking for a very particular kind of violation in the way that a kaon decayed. In 1999, we finally found that this symmetry violation existed. It was very exciting because this was the kind of thing that would be needed for the universe to evolve the way it had existed in nature, Blucher said.

Blucher then developed an interest in neutrinos and their role in how the universe evolved to be imbalanced in matter and antimatter, and this is when DUNE was started. DUNE is an experiment that involved about 1400 physicists from 35 countries. It focused on looking for a violation of this matter and antimatter asymmetry in neutrinos by sending a beam of particles of neutrinos from Fermilab all the way to South Dakota.

Blucher is now working on an experiment that is also deep underground in a mine in northern Ontario that is looking at a rare type of nuclear decay. I think that asking about asymmetry is just a fascinating question, because it's something that we wouldn't be here without, Blucher said. It's a question that's really connected with how matter exists at all.

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2021 AAAS Fellows Share Their Experience in Scientific Research - The Chicago Maroon

Advanced studies of human genetics are a big wave in the medical sciences. Collaborative teams of clinical geneticists and bioinformaticians are surfing this wave, rapidly discovering genomic variations associated with specific human disorders. This trend is providing scientific bases for personalized medicines but also new, important questions linked to the basic biochemistry field.

Ceramidetransport protein, or CERT, moves the waxy lipids known as ceramides in cells for the synthesis of sphingomyelin, a membrane lipid that is ubiquitous in mammalian cells. In 2007, researchers found that CERT is functionally repressed by multiple phosphorylations of a serine-repeat motif, or SRM, in CERT. At the time, scientists regarded this finding as pure biochemistry of a protein.

However, a decade later, large-scale human genetic studies on intellectual disabilities and mental development disorders, or ID/MD, showed that missense mutations in or near the CERT SRM-encoding regions are associated with a type of autosomal dominant hereditary ID/MD. The dominant inheritance was in line with a prediction from the previous biochemical study that loss of hyperphosphorylation of the SRM renders CERT abnormally active.

Our recent collaborative study confirmed this prediction by demonstrating that substitution of a serine residue in the SRM with other residues similar to variants found in ID/MD patients results in dysregulation of CERT in cultured cells. Nonetheless, several ID/MD-associated missense mutations that occurred in the CERT gene CERT1 also are mapped outside the SRM. This riddle was answered by another recent study showing that a non-SRM variant also compromises the SRM hyperphosphorylation, thereby abnormally activating CERT.

Moreover, cell biological analysis showed that abnormally activated CERT mutants exhibit an aberrant punctate distribution in cells, suggesting that the subcellular distribution pattern is applicable as a diagnostic tool to assess whether a CERT1 variant is an abnormally activated type that may cause ID/MD, although the precise identity of the puncta structure remains undetermined.

Kentaro Hanada

Advanced human genetics studies have shown that missense mutations in the CERT1 gene encoding the ceramide transport protein CERT are associated with certain intellectual disabilities and mental development disorders. Recent studies in the Hanada lab showed that ID/MD-associated CERT variants are defective in the serine-repeat motif phosphorylation-dependent repression. In this diagram, for simplicity, CERT is illustrated as a monomer, although it forms oligomers in cells.

See more here:
Dysregulation of a lipid transfer protein linked to brain disorders - ASBMB Today

image:The ARDD Meeting 2022 will be hosted on August 29 - September 2, 2022 view more

Credit: Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Limited

April 11, 2022 - Matthias Mann, Ph.D., will present the latest research on the topic Single cell and Deep Visual Proteomics and its applications in precision medicine at the worlds largest annual Aging Research and Drug Discovery conference (9th ARDD). Dr.Matthias Mann is the Director, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry.

By merging the power of microscopy, AI and our ultra-sensitive MS-based proteomics workflow, we have developed a method that is very powerful in dissecting tissue heterogeneity at single-cell resolution - something that had not been possible at the protein level before. We expect DVP to be applicable to personalized medicine. said Matthias Mann, Ph.D., Director, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry.

Matthias Mann is the Director at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry near Munich, and manages the proteomics program at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research at the Medical School in Copenhagen. He is a pioneer and leader in mass spectrometry-based proteomics, where he has helped develop many of the foundational technologies such as electrospray, peptide sequence tags, quantitative proteomics and many more. The core interests of his groups are signal transduction, MS technological development and bioinformatics, with a main focus on clinical proteomics for better diagnosis, prognosis and biological understanding of diseases.

The conference proceedings of the ARDD are commonly published in peer-reviewed journals with the talks openly available at http://www.agingpharma.org. Please review the conference proceedings for 2019, 2020 and 2021https://www.aging-us.com/article/203859/text .

Aging is emerging as a druggable condition with multiple pharmaceuticals able to alter the pace of aging in model organisms. The ARDD brings together all levels of the field to discuss the most pressing obstacles in our attempt to find efficacious interventions and molecules to target aging. The 2022 conference is the best yet with top level speakers from around the globe. Im extremely excited to be able to meet them in person at the University of Copenhagen in late summer. said Morten Scheibye-Knudsen, MD, Ph.D., University of Copenhagen.

Aging research is growing faster than ever on both academia and industry fronts. The ARDD meeting unites experts from different fields and backgrounds, sharing with us their latest groundbreaking research and developments. Our last ARDD meeting took place both offline and online, and it was a great success. I am particularly excited that being a part of the ARDD2022 meeting will provide an amazing opportunity for young scientists presenting their own work as well as meeting the experts in the field. said Daniela Bakula, Ph.D., University of Copenhagen.

Many credible biopharmaceutical companies are now prioritized aging research for early-stage discovery or therapeutic pipeline development. It is only logical to prioritize therapeutic targets that are important in both aging and age-associated diseases. The patient benefits either way. The best place to learn about these targets is ARDD, which we organize for nine years in a row. This conference is now the largest in the field and is not to be missed, said Alex Zhavoronkov, Ph.D., founder and CEO of Insilico Medicine and Deep Longevity.

Building on the success of the ARDD conferences, the organizers developed the Longevity Medicine course series with some of the courses offered free of charge at Longevity.Degree covered in the recent Lanced Healthy Longevity paper titled Longevity medicine: upskilling the physicians of tomorrow.

About Aging Research for Drug Discovery Conference

At ARDD, leaders in the aging, longevity, and drug discovery field will describe the latest progress in the molecular, cellular and organismal basis of aging and the search for interventions. Furthermore, the meeting will include opinion leaders in AI to discuss the latest advances of this technology in the biopharmaceutical sector and how this can be applied to interventions. Notably, this year we are expanding with a workshop specifically for physicians where the leading-edge knowledge of clinical interventions for healthy longevity will be described. ARRD intends to bridge clinical, academic and commercial research and foster collaborations that will result in practical solutions to one of humanity's most challenging problems: aging. Our quest? To extend the healthy lifespan of everyone on the planet.

About Scheibye-Knudsen Lab

In the Scheibye-Knudsen lab we use in silico, in vitro and in vivo models to understand the cellular and organismal consequences of DNA damage with the aim of developing interventions. We have discovered that DNA damage leads to changes in certain metabolites and that replenishment of these molecules may alter the rate of aging in model organisms. These findings suggest that normal aging and age-associated diseases may be malleable to similar interventions. The hope is to develop interventions that will allow everyone to live healthier, happier and more productive lives.

About Deep Longevity

Deep Longevity has been acquired by Edurance RP (SEHK:0575.HK), a publicly-traded company. Deep Longevity is developing explainable artificial intelligence systems to track the rate of aging at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, physiological, and psychological levels. It is also developing systems for the emerging field of longevity medicine enabling physicians to make better decisions on the interventions that may slow down, or reverse the aging processes. Deep Longevity developed Longevity as a Service (LaaS) solution to integrate multiple deep biomarkers of aging dubbed "deep aging clocks" to provide a universal multifactorial measure of human biological age. Originally incubated by Insilico Medicine, Deep Longevity started its independent journey in 2020 after securing a round of funding from the most credible venture capitalists specializing in biotechnology, longevity, and artificial intelligence. ETP Ventures, Human Longevity and Performance Impact Venture Fund, BOLD Capital Partners, Longevity Vision Fund, LongeVC, co-founder of Oculus, Michael Antonov, and other expert AI and biotechnology investors supported the company. Deep Longevity established a research partnership with one of the most prominent longevity organizations, Human Longevity, Inc. to provide a range of aging clocks to the network of advanced physicians and researchers. https://longevity.ai/

About Endurance RP (SEHK:0575.HK)

Endurance RP is a diversified investment group based in Hong Kong currently holding various corporate and strategic investments focusing on the healthcare, wellness and life sciences sectors. The Group has a strong track record of investments and has returned approximately US$298 million to shareholders in the 21 years of financial reporting since its initial public offering. https://www.endurancerp.com/

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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Matthias Mann to present at the 9th Aging Research & Drug Discovery Meeting 2022 - EurekAlert

The GlobalBiochemical Diagnostic Reagent Marketis growing steadily and has shown promising growth over the last few years. The market is estimated to witness significant growth over the next 10 years.The report on the global market for Biochemical Diagnostic Reagent offers a comprehensive overview of the current market situation and future prospects of the market. The report segments the market on the basis of type, application regions and companies. The type segment is further subdivided into Liquid Double Reagent, Dry Powder Double Reagent. The geographical segment is divided into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World. The report provides market size and forecast for the global market and the segments mentioned above.Additionally, the development of new technologies and the rise of the economies in emerging markets are contributing to the growth of the global market. In the last few years, there has been a rapid increase in innovation, as well as a high adoption of technology, which has led to various changes in the strategy by the companies.

The report also provides information on the major drivers and restraints of the market along with other information that is important for making any business decision includingSWOT analysis, value chain analysis, supply chain analysis, pestle analysis, porters five forces and CR5 and HHI. The report also provides a detailed overview of the key segments of the market and the growth prospects of each of the key segments. The report also provides a detailed overview of the key regions of the market and the growth prospects of each of the key regions.

The report also provides a detailed competitive landscape of the market. The major players in the market are Randox, Beijing Strong Biotechnologies, KAINOS Laboratories, Beckman Coulter, FosunPharma, Sysmex, Siemens Healthineers, Beijing Leadman Biochemistry, Dojindo Laboratories, Roche, BioSino. The report provides a detailed overview of the competitive landscape of the market and the strategies adopted by the major players to gain a stronghold in the market.

Key Players mentioned in the report are:Randox, Beijing Strong Biotechnologies, KAINOS Laboratories, Beckman Coulter, FosunPharma, Sysmex, Siemens Healthineers, Beijing Leadman Biochemistry, Dojindo Laboratories, Roche, BioSino

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Global Biochemical Diagnostic Reagent Market: By Type

Liquid Double ReagentDry Powder Double Reagent

Global Biochemical Diagnostic Reagent Market: By Application

HospitalClinicLaboratory

Global Biochemical Diagnostic ReagentMarket: Regional Analysis

North America

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GermanyU.K.FranceItalySpain

Asia Pacific

ChinaJapanIndiaAustraliaSouth Korea

Latin America

BrazilMexico

Middle East and Africa

South AfricaSaudi Arabia

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Biochemical Diagnostic Reagent Market Potential Growth, Share and Analysis of Key Players| Randox, Beijing Strong Biotechnologies, KAINOS Laboratories...

This article was originally published here

PLoS One. 2022 Apr 6;17(4):e0266419. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266419. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) is still a major health issue. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the university teaching to consider in high priority the switch from in-presence teaching to remote teaching, including laboratory teaching. While excellent virtual-laboratory teaching has been proposed and turned out to be very useful, the need of a real-laboratory in-presence teaching is still a major need. This study was aimed at presenting a laboratory exercise focusing (a) on a very challenging therapeutic strategy, i.e. SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics, and (b) on technologies that are playing a central role in applied biochemistry and molecular biology, i.e. PCR and RT-PCR. The aims of the practical laboratory were to determine: (a) the possibility to identify SARS-CoV-2 sequences starting from a recombinant plasmid and (b) the possibility to discriminate cells with respect to the expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. This activity is simple (cell culture, RNA extraction, RT-qPCR are all well-established technologies), fast (starting from isolated and characterized RNA, few hours are just necessary), highly reproducible (therefore easily employed by even untrained students). We suggest that this laboratory practical exercises should be considered for face-to-face teaching especially if the emergency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is maintained. The teaching protocol here described might be considered in order to perform fast but meaningful in-presence teaching, making feasible the division of crowded classes in low-number cohorts of students, allowing the maintenance of the required social distance.

PMID:35385518 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0266419

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Teaching during COVID-19 pandemic in practical laboratory classes of applied biochemistry and pharmacology: A validated fast and simple protocol for...

The Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry at Northern Arizona University invites applications for an Assistant Professor of Practice in Brewing and Fermentation Science. This position is an academic-year appointment beginning in mid-August 2022. This position is not eligible for tenure. The salary range is $62,000 to $71,000.

Minimum qualifications include (1) an earned Bachelors degree in brewing science, food science, or a related field, or a bachelors degree in a non-related field and completion of a professional or university-affiliated brewing program; (2) at least three years of work experience in a commercial brewing (or similar) facility with at least one year in a supervisorial role (brewmaster, head brewer, brewing supervisor, packaging manager, quality manager, tap room operations manager, or other documented work experience).

Preferred qualifications include (1) Masters degree or higher in a brewing science or related field (chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, biological sciences, engineering, food science, etc.); (2) Prior teaching experience and evidence of teaching effectiveness in higher education in chemistry or other brewing science related fields; (3) Experience in differentiated instruction for diverse student populations; (4) Research experience and a publication record in brewing science related disciplines; (5) Proven knowledge of brewing process operations including raw materials, fermentation process technology, and packaging operations. Five years or more work experience in a commercial brewing facility; (6) Certified Cicerone or BJCP Judge and prior beer judging experience and prior beer judging experience; (7) Demonstrated knowledge or experience in tap room operations, beer sales, or marketing.

The successful candidate will serve as the primary point of contact for the curriculum in the newly launched Brewing and Fermentation Science certificate program at NAU. This program integrates coursework from Chemistry and Biological Sciences with offerings in NAUs School of Hotel and Restaurant Management in the form of unique emphases in Brewing Quality Assurance and Brewing Management and Hospitality (https://nau.edu/cefns/brewing-and-fermentation-science). The successful candidate will provide excellent instruction in brewing science lectures and labs, including Principles of Brewing Science (CHM 310), Brewing Process Technology (CHM 311), Sensory and Quality Aspects of Beer/Lab (CHM 312/312L), and Beer Basics (HA 372), and the candidate may also be required to instruct courses in brewing science relevant fields as needed.A critical part of this roll will be coordinating internships for undergraduate students in the craft beer and brewing industry and bringing and developing strategic relationships is key. This person will represent NAU in engagement efforts with statewide and national industry trade groups in brewing as well as community partners.

To apply, go to Faculty and Administrator Openings at https://in.nau.edu/human-resources/current-job-openings/ and select job ID 606157. Your application must be submitted online to be reviewed and should include a single attachment that contains (1) a cover letter addressing the job description and preferred qualifications, 2) a current CV, (3) a statement of teaching interests and philosophy, (4) a statement of research interests and plans of scholarly activity, (5) a one-page DEIJ statement that addresses your values and/or philosophy, accomplishments, experiences, education and training in DEIJ, and (6) the names of three references. Save all items, in the order stated, and attach them in a single PDF or Word Document. You will also need to arrange for three letters of reference to be sent separately as an attachment to chemistry@nau.edu. Address questions to Dr. Brandon Cruickshank, Chair, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, PO Box 5698, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-5698, brandon.cruickshank@nau.edu, (928) 523-9602. Review of applications will begin 30 days after posting (April 21, 2022) and continue until the position is filled or closed.

Northern Arizona University is a 29,569-student institution with its main campus in Flagstaff, a four-season community of about 72,000 at the base of the majestic San Francisco Peaks. NAUs emphasis on undergraduate education is enhanced by its graduate programs and research as well as distance learning. All faculty members are expected to promote student learning and help students achieve academic outcomes. The university is committed to a diverse and civil working and learning environment. The Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry has 18 faculty committed to excellence in teaching and research. The department currently has over 250 undergraduate majors and offers a number of Bachelor and Master of Science degrees in chemistry including two ACS certified degrees. A 120,000 square foot Science and Health Building, opened in 2015, houses chemistry teaching and research activities. The department also operates laboratories in the 95,000 square foot Science Lab Facility which was completed in 2007.

Northern Arizona University requires satisfactory results for the following: a criminal background investigation, an employment history verification, and a degree verification (in some cases) prior to employment. You may also be required to complete a fingerprint background check. Additionally, NAU is required to participate in the federal E-Verify program that assists employers with verifying new employees right to work in the United States.

Northern Arizona University is a committee Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Institution. Women, minorities, veterans, and individuals with disabilities are encouraged to apply. NAU is responsive to the needs of dual career couples.

NAU affirms the importance and critical need for justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (DEIJ) in higher education, and we seek to hire people with a strong track record of engagement with DEIJ in their professional endeavors. We require as part of your application a one-page DEIJ statement that addresses your values and/or philosophy, accomplishments, experiences, education, and training with DEIJ.

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Northern Arizona University - Chemistry Dept - Assistant Professor of Practice in Brewing and Fermentation Science - Brewbound.com Craft Beer Job...

Every week, we update this list with new meetings, awards, scholarships and events to help you advance your career.If youd like us to feature something that youre offering to the bioscience community, email us with the subject line For calendar. ASBMB members offerings take priority, and we do not promote products/services. Learn how to advertise in ASBMB Today.

The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology is offering $500 to graduate students and postdocs displaced from their labs as a result of natural disaster, war or "other events beyond their control that interrupt their training." The money is for travel and settling in. Learn more and spread the word to those who could use assistance.

For scientists, information literacy skills are more important now than ever before. Students have many possible avenues to look for information, and navigating effectively to the best source can be overwhelming if they dont know where to start. For scientists and instructors to help students with this navigation, it is a great idea to work with a librarian. On April 14, from 14 p.m. Eastern, this workshop will cover forming collaborations between scientists and librarians. Register.

This in-person meeting will be held in Madison, Wisconsin. It'll bea unique, open, inclusive and interactive forum for the international and domestic research community working on ESCRT biology and be an effective learning environment for all participants, especially graduate students, postdocs and other researchers from diverse backgrounds.This meeting will bring together experts in disciplines as diverse as biophysics, plant biology, cell biology, biochemistry and structural biology from around the world to cover key aspects of ESCRT biology.Submit an abstract.Learn more in in this Q&A with with organizer Wes Sundquist.

The Department of Neuroscience and Center for Foundational Neuroscience Research & Education at West Virginia University will offer up to 10 summer internships of research-intensive training to diverse, competitive undergraduate students who are currently enrolled at a U.S. college or institution and have completed their second or third year. Interns participate in nine weeks of research, weekly journal clubs, a poster symposium, and activities. Benefits: research stipend of $4,000, plus a round-trip travel stipend of up to $500; a double-room in a residential hall; and access to state-of-the-art laboratories, libraries, and recreational facilities. Learn more and apply.

The ASBMB Annual Awards are given to outstanding professionals who have been recognized by their peers for contributions to their fields, education and diversity. The recipients will give talks about their work at the 2023 ASBMB Annual Meeting in Seattle.See eligibility criteria here.

This conference, to be held in person in Athens, Ga., will address the multitude of roles that the O-GlcNAc protein modification has in regulating nuclear and cytosolic proteins. It will bring together researchers from diverse fields to share their research, tools and experience in O-GlcNAc biology. The abstract deadline is April 26, and the early registration deadline is May 9. Submit an abstract.Learn more in this Q&A with organizers Gerald Hart and Lance Wells.

ASBMB Lipid Research Division Seminar Series

The ASBMB Lipid Research Division features the work of young investigators at noon Eastern on Wednesdays. If you are interested in presenting, please contactJohn Burke. Registeronce to access the whole series.

The next seminar on April 27 will feature Nirmalya Bag of the Indian Institute of Technology and Federico Gulluni of the University of Turin in Italy.

We were contacted by Caroline Mueller, assistant professor at Ohio University, about a survey for early-career medical educators. She wrote: "We hope that through this survey, we will identify the needs of early-career medical educators and develop appropriate resources for new faculty." Learn more and complete the survey by April 30.

The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science Graduate Student Research program is accepting applications until May 4. The program supports U.S. graduate students seeking to conduct part of their thesis research at a DOE national lab or host site with a DOE scientist. The program is open to Ph.D. students who are conducting their thesis research in targeted areas of importance to the DOE Office of Science. Learn more.

The 2020 documentary Coded Bias explores biases embedded into technology. These biases affect the behaviors, outputs and consequences of countless devices, tools and digital spaces and often lead to or perpetuate inequity. Self-driving cars, facial recognition software, motion-activated appliances, job applicant screens and algorithms used for medical decision making theyre only as good as the code that defines their functions. The film describes in chilling fashion numerous prejudicial and even dangerous outcomes caused by biases hard-wired into data-centric technologies, and it makes the case for systemic changes needed to safeguard users and hold the tech industry accountable. Interested? The ASBMB Women in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Committee is hosting a screening and virtual panel discussion at 4 p.m. EDT on May 4. Committee member Meghna Gupta will moderate, and Jeff Kapler and Marina Holz will be panelists. The link to access the film will be sent to all registered attendees two weeks prior to the event. (The film also can be streamed on Netflix.) Register.

This in-person meetingin Kansas City, Mo., will showcasethe most recent insights into the cis-regulatory code, how cis-regulatory information is read out by transcription factors, signaling pathways and other proteins, how cellular diversity is created during development and how we can study this problem using cutting-edge genomics technology and computational methods.The meeting will simultaneously examine the problem from an evolutionary perspective: how cis-regulatory elements evolve, how regulatory variation affects gene expression and phenotypes, how these changes have shaped development and parallel evolution, and how noise affects regulatory circuits and their evolution. The abstract deadline for those who'd like to be considered for talks is May 6. The abstract deadline for poster presenters and the registration deadline is May 25.Submit an abstract.Learn more in this Q&A with two of the organizers.

This five-day conference will be held Aug. 1418 in person in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and online. It will be an international forum for discussion of the remarkable advances in cell and human protein biology revealed by ever-more-innovative and powerful mass spectrometric technologies. The conference will juxtapose sessions about methodological advances with sessions about the roles those advances play in solving problems and seizing opportunities to understand the composition, dynamics and function of cellular machinery in numerous biological contexts. In addition to celebrating these successes, we also intend to articulate urgent, unmet needs and unsolved problems that will drive the field in the future. Registration and abstract submission begins Nov. 1. Abstracts are due May 16. Learn more.

The Marion B. Sewer Distinguished Scholarship for Undergraduates offers financial support to students who demonstrate an interest in the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology and enhance the diversity of science. Students whose social, educational or economic background adds to the diversity of the biomedical workforce or who show commitment to enhancing academic success of underrepresented students are eligible. The scholarship provides up to $2,000 toward undergraduate tuition costs for one academic year and can be applied to fall or spring tuition of the year following scholarship award notification. Up to ten scholarships will be awarded each academic year. Applications by individuals from underrepresented groups are encouraged, although all qualified applicants will be considered without regard to race, gender, color, ethnicity or national origin. Apply.

The Oklahoma Cobre in Structural Biology at the University of Oklahoma is hosting its 10th annual structural biology symposium on June 16. Confirmed speakers include Hao Wu of Harvard University, Breann Brown of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Lorena Saelices of University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Satish Nair of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and Erica Ollman Saphire of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology. Check here for details and to register.

The Journal of Science Policy & Governance, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the Major Group for Children and Youth announced in February a call for papers for a special issue on "open science policies as an accelerator for achieving the sustainable development goals." The deadline for submissions is July 10. To help authors prepare their submissions, the group will be hosting a series of webinars (April 8 & 29, May 20, and June 10) and a science policy paper-writing workshop (March 2627). Read the call for submissions and learn more about the events.

Head to beautiful Denver, Colorado, for a summer experience as a PRIDE (Programs to Increase Diversity Among Individuals Engaged in Health-Related Research) scholar. PRIDE is an initiative of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute that trains junior faculty from underrepresented backgrounds and/or with disabilities to advance their scientific careers and make them more competitive for external research funding. The University of Colorado PRIDE (led by Sonia C. Flores, who also leads the ASBMB Minority Affairs Committee) is one of nine national PRIDE sites. Its focus is on the "impact of ancestry and gender on omics of lung and cardiovascular diseases" (which is why it's called PRIDEAGOLD). The program consists of two consecutive summer institutes (two and one week, respectively) that offer comprehensive formal instruction on multi-omics, data sciences and bioinformatics, with an emphasis on interpretations based on ancestry and/or gender; career development and grant-writing tools; pairing with expert mentors; and pilot funds to develop a small research project. Learn more.

This in-person meeting will be held Sept. 29 through Oct. 2 in Snowbird, Utah. Sessionswill cover recent advances and new technologies in RNA polymerase II regulation, including the contributions of non-coding RNAs, enhancers and promoters, chromatin structure and post-translational modifications, molecular condensates, and other factors that regulate gene expression. Patrick Cramer of the Max Planck Institute will present the keynote address on the structure and function of transcription regulatory complexes. The deadline for oral presentation abstracts is July 14. The deadline for poster presentation abstracts is Aug. 18.Learn more.

Most meetings on epigenetics and chromatin focus on transcription, while most meetings on genome integrity include little attention to epigenetics and chromatin. This conference in Seattle will bridge this gap to link researchers who are interested in epigenetic regulations and chromatin with those who are interested in genome integrity. The oral and poster abstract deadline and early registration deadline is Aug. 2. The regular registration deadline is Aug. 29.Learn more..

The ASBMB provides members with a virtual platform to share scientific research and accomplishments and to discuss emerging topics and technologies with the BMB community.

The ASBMB will manage the technical aspects, market the event to tens of thousands of contacts and present the digital event live to a remote audience. Additional tools such as polling, Q&A, breakout rooms and post event Twitter chats may be used to facilitate maximum engagement.

Seminars are typically one to two hours long. A workshop or conference might be longer and even span several days.

Prospective organizers may submit proposals at any time. Decisions are usually made within four to sixweeks.

Propose an event.

If you are a graduate student, postdoc or early-career investigator interested in hosting a #LipidTakeover, fill out this application. You can spend a day tweeting from the Journal of Lipid Research's account (@JLipidRes) about your favorite lipids and your work.

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Calendar of events, awards and opportunities - ASBMB Today

In research reports, Global Biochemical Full Inspection Market Forecast 2022-2028, key research on the industry condition of the Biochemical Full Inspection is presented together with the best content, definition, expert opinion, SWOT analysis, meaning, and newest development around the world. The Biochemical Full Inspection research includes information on industry size, sales, price, revenue, market share, gross margin, growth rate, and cross structure. The study examines the profit made from the sale of this report and technologies across a number of segments, as well as provides a comprehensive table of contents on the Biochemical Full Inspection Market.

Get Latest Sample PDF Report: https://www.worldwidemarketreports.com/sample/720542

Segmentation based on Key players

Abbott Diagnostics Roche Boston Siemens

Segmentation based on Type

General Type

Segmentation based on Application

Medical

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The research examines the Biochemical Full Inspection market in-depth, focusing on several factors such as drivers, restraints, opportunities, and threats. Before investing, stakeholders can use this information to make informed judgments. It also enables you to conduct useful competitive research in order to generate marketing ideas for your products. When it comes to customer happiness, its critical to have a clear understanding of whats going on in the market. The general market scenario is accurately described in this research.

Impact Of Covid-19 on Biochemical Full Inspection:

COVID-19 is an unprecedented global public health crisis that has impacted practically every business, and its long-term repercussions are expected to have an influence on industry growth during the forecast period. Our continuous study is enhancing our research approach to guarantee that fundamental COVID-19 concerns and potential solutions are included. The research examines COVID-19 in light of changes in consumer behavior and demand, purchasing patterns, supply chain re-routing, market dynamics, and government involvement. The updated study considers the impact of COVID-19 on the market and provides insights, analysis, projections, and forecasts.

Tap Here to See How This Biochemical Full Inspection Report Addresses COVID-19 Impact: https://www.worldwidemarketreports.com/covidimpact/720542

The following geographic segments are covered in the report:

The Biochemical Full Inspection report provides information on the market area, which is divided into sub-regions and countries/regions. In addition to the market share in each country and sub-region, this chapter in this report also contains information on profit opportunities. This chapter of the report mentions the market share and growth rate for each region, country, and sub-region during the estimated period.

North America includes the United States, Canada, and Mexico

Europe includes Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain

South America includes Colombia, Argentina, Nigeria, and Chile

The Asia Pacific includes Japan, China, Korea, India, Saudi Arabia, and Southeast Asia

When analyzing the key market participants, what aspects are taken into account?

Key Questions Answered in the Report:

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Mr. ShahWorldwide Market Reports,Tel: U.S. +1-415-871-0703U.K. +44-203-289-4040Japan +81-50-5539-1737Email: sales@worldwidemarketreports.comWebsite: https://www.worldwidemarketreports.com/

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Biochemical Full Inspection Market to Attain a Valuation of Highest CAGR, Updated Key Players Profile and Forecast to 2028: Abbott Diagnostics, Roche,...

Pre-clinical studies on how experimental drugs reduce opioid abuse, multiple studies of new cancer treatments and the testing of antiviral medications are just a few of the 13 projects for which Rowan University researchers were awarded grants this spring from New Jersey Health Foundation (NJHF).

Each year, NJHF awards grants to advance health research and innovation at New Jersey organizations. In 2022, Rowan researchers received more than $433,000 in the form of research and community health grants from NJHF.

Dr. Daniel Manvich, assistant professor in the Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience at Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, is using his $34,878 grant to learn how an experimental class of drugs reduces the rewarding effects of opioids.

Opioids affect the brain in part by increasing levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in the brains rewards systems. Dopamine binds to five proteins called dopamine receptors. In pre-clinical testing, experimental compounds that selectively targeted D3 receptors blocked abuse-related effects of opioids.

We know that D3 receptors are important for these drugs effects, but what we dont know, from a neuropharmacological or neurobiological perspective, are the precise mechanisms by which these drugs are reducing the impact of opioids, said Manvich. Theres value to figuring out how these drugs are working to achieve their therapeutic effects, because that can help us develop more effective and selective medications to bring to clinical trials.

With the NJHF grant, Manvich can now start unraveling these mechanisms by using a relatively new technique called in vivo fiber photometry, which makes use of biosensors that can program dopamine neurons to emit fluorescent light when they are activated.

This grant from New Jersey Health Foundation gives us the opportunity to get this brand-new equipment up and running at Rowan, Manvich said, thus enabling him to apply for more extensive funding from the National Institutes of Health for the next phase of his research.

We are proud to continue to support the valuable research and innovation of scientists and others throughout our state, explained George F. Heinrich, M.D., vice chair and CEO of New Jersey Health Foundation. We are energized by the potentially breakthrough science being performed at this outstanding organization.

Other Rowan faculty with new NJHF funding include:

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Studying how experimental drugs curb opioid abuse and more: Rowan researchers awarded 13 N.J. Health Foundation grants - Rowan Today

UCI researchers have originated a simplified, faster clinical sample testing method to detect genetic material, including viral RNA. Their findings were recently published in the journal Scientific Reports. We showed that a saliva sample withdrawn using a simple microbiological loop can be directly analyzed in a single collection tube, using common and precise DNA amplification techniques such as RT-PCR and LAMP, for detecting viruses, said corresponding author Andrej Luptak, professor of pharmaceutical sciences. We significantly streamlined and accelerated the process through the elimination of several steps in sample collection, extraction, purification and further manipulation. They also discovered that by using a common detergent to denature the sample, it became noninfectious and much easier to handle. When the sample isnt manipulated outside the collection tube, there is virtually no risk of contamination of the testing equipment or personnel, enabling nonspecialists to conduct the procedure. We plan to apply this method for other types of clinical samples and potentially automate the process, Luptak said. Other researchers on the project were co-leaders Matthew Inlay, associate professor of molecular biology and biochemistry, and Bert Semler, Distinguished Professor of microbiology & molecular genetics; Kyle Cole, a graduate student in molecular biology; Alexis Bouin, a postdoctoral scholar in microbiology & molecular genetics; and assistant specialist Caila Ruiz, now at Zymo Research Corp.

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UCI team develops simplified, faster process for detection of viral RNA in saliva samples - UCI News

New Jersey, United States,-The latest report published byMR Accuracy Reportsindicates that theC-Reactive Protein Test (CRP)Market is likely to accelerate strongly in the coming years. Analysts have studied market drivers, restraints, risks, and opportunities in the global market. The C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) Market report shows the likely direction of the market in the coming years along with its estimates. An accurate study aims to understand the market price. By analyzing the competitive landscape, the authors of the report have made excellent efforts to help readers understand the key business tactics that major companies are using to maintain market sustainability.

Key Players Mentioned in the C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) Market Research Report:Beckman Coulter, Roche, Siemens Healthcare, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Boditech, FUJIFILM, KANTO CHEMICAL, Kehua Group, Wondfo, Beijing Strong Biotechnologies, Getein Biotech, Randox Laboratories, Spinreact, BioSino, Leadman Biochemistry

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The report includes company profiles of almost all major players in the C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) market. The Company Profiles section provides valuable analysis of strengths and weaknesses, business trends, recent advances, mergers and acquisitions, expansion plans, global presence, market presence, and portfolios of products from major market players. This information can be used by players and other market participants to maximize their profitability and streamline their business strategies. Our competitive analysis also provides vital information that will help new entrants identify barriers to entry and gauge the level of competitiveness in the C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) market.

C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) Market

ELISA, Immunoturbidimetric, CLIA, Others.

Application as below

Hospitals, Diagnostic Laboratories, Others

The global market for C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) is segmented on the basis of product, type. All of these segments have been studied individually. The detailed investigation allows assessment of the factors influencing the C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) Market. Experts have analyzed the nature of development, investments in research and development, changing consumption patterns, and growing number of applications. In addition, analysts have also evaluated the changing economics around the C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) Market that are likely affect its course.

The regional analysis section of the report allows players to concentrate on high-growth regions and countries that could help them to expand their presence in the C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) market. Apart from extending their footprint in the C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) market, the regional analysis helps players to increase their sales while having a better understanding of customer behavior in specific regions and countries. The report provides CAGR, revenue, production, consumption, and other important statistics and figures related to the global as well as regional markets. It shows how different type, application, and regional segments are progressing in the C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) market in terms of growth.

C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) Market Report Scope

ESTIMATED YEAR 2022

BASE YEAR 2021

FORECAST YEAR 2029

HISTORICAL YEAR 2020

UNIT Value (USD Million/Billion)

The C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) report provides information about the market area, which is further subdivided into sub-regions and countries/regions. In addition to the market share in each country and sub-region, this chapter of this report also contains information on profit opportunities. This chapter of the report mentions the market share and growth rate of each region, country and sub-region during the estimated period.

Please click here today to buy full report @https://www.mraccuracyreports.com/checkout/481976

Key questions answered in the report:

Note To provide a more accurate market forecast, all our reports will be updated prior to delivery considering the impact of COVID-19.

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C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP) Market Biggest Innovation with Top Key Players Beckman Coulter, Roche, Siemens Healthcare, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics,...

In this study, we investigated the overall contribution of TV and TV/PV according to the risk group systems from DAmico criteria and NCCN guidelines and observed that TV significantly increased in the higher risk groups of both systems. The patients of the low risk group exhibited a TV of 23 cm3, with a tumor diameter between 1.4 and 1.6cm when the tumor is assumed to be spherical, and a TV between 1.3 and 1.4cm when the tumor is assumed to be a regular hexahedron. Large tumors awere significantly related to an increased postoperative BCR in our multi-variate Cox proportional hazard analyses. The preoperative PSA, clinical stage, prostate volume, percentage of positive biopsy cores, and maximal tumor length among positive biopsy cores were significantly related to high TV and high TV/PV in our multi-variate regression tests.

TV has been presented as a significant prognostic factor of PCa in several papers2, 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12. Stamey et al. reported that cancer volume and high Gleason score were significantly related with worse BCR-free survival after analyzing the results of 379 patients who were treated with radical prostatectomy2. They argued that the exact way to predict cancer volume may be helpful in predicting the outcomes of PCa surgery. Subsequently, Nelson et al. investigated the effect of TV on pathologic outcomes and biochemical recurrence after surgery5. They concluded that TV directly correlated with pathological stage and PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy; therefore, TV was revealed as an independent predictor for worse prognosis in patients with localized PCa. Another study by Chun et al. showed that cancer volume and high Gleason score were the independent predictors for postoperative BCR in their relatively large cohort of 780 participants treated with radical prostatectomy4. Furthermore, another study by Uhlman et al. analyzed data from a large cohort of 3528 participants who were treated with radical prostatectomy to evaluate the prognostic influence of TV16. They analyzed TV with BCR-free survival, even though significant difference existed in their BCR-free survival rates after univariate KaplanMeier analyses.

However, there were other studies showing contradictory results regarding the use of TV as a predictive prognostic factor13,14,15,16. Kikuchi et al. also analyzed a larger cohort of 1302 participants who were also treated with radical prostatectomy. They observed only a weak relationship with postoperative prognosis, but no statistically significant results were obtained from multi-variate analyses13. Merrill et al. analyzed a large cohort of 1833 participants who were also treated with radical prostatectomy and found that TV was significantly associated with a higher rate of BCR in the high pathologic Gleason score subgroup (3+4), but not in the Gleason 6 subgroup (3+3)15. Another study by May et al. reported that absolute TV was unable to predict postoperative BCR, unlike relative TV (TV/total prostate volume), which showed significant results in predicting prognosis14. However, in our study, TV and TV/PV were significant independent predictors predicting BCR. As for the accuracy of prediction, TV/PV and TV do not have a big difference, but it is easier and more beneficial to use TV/PV than TV (Fig.2; Supplementary Fig.1). And in our study, high TV was associated with worse clinical characteristics such as worth pathologic state, rate of EPE, SVI, high-risk group, more positive biopsy core, and longer tumor length. There is no consensus on this, but men with larger prostate will have higher testosterone levels than men with smaller prostate. It may be associated with more aggressive prostate cancer. It can be estimated that the more aggressive prostate cancer, the more active cell-to-cell migration or progression will be.

Lately, focal therapy is gaining more attention with clinical benefits in terms of better erectile and urinary functions after treatment22. However, there are still limitations for focal therapy, because tumor location cannot be exactly predicted using conventional imaging modalities and biopsy protocols23. The understanding of the epidemiology of TV is quite important when planning and finding optimal candidates for focal therapy. We observed from our results that the mean TV was about 2.0cc for very low risk, 3.1cc for low risk, and 3.2cc for favorable intermediate risk group. Patients in the unfavorable intermediate risk group showed significantly larger TV than those in the favorable intermediate risk group (3.23.7cc versus 5.24.8cc, P<0.001). From our volumetric results of TV, we believe that the optimal candidates for focal therapy could be patients between very low risk and favorable intermediate risk groups. However, the patients in the very low risk group should be recommended for active surveillance.

Our study is certainly not without limitations. First, it is limited by its retrospective analyses, even though the data on TV was prospectively accumulated. Second, there is a possibility of selection bias since we only included patients treated with radical prostatectomy. Third, the present study only analyzed the total TV but not the detailed pathologic information about number of tumors and location, which is also important for prognosis of PCa patients. Even so, we believe that we provided the most recent data regarding the actual epidemiology of TV in patients treated with radical prostatectomy, which makes our study clinically meaningful.

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The tumor volume after radical prostatectomy and its clinical impact on the prognosis of patients with localized prostate cancer | Scientific Reports...

While bright light helps us see better, our eyes need darkness for better vision. Light breaks down the sensitive machinery of our eyes every day, and during the darkness of night, key pieces are rebuilt. The clock of our circadian rhythms runs this process, and researchers have found that if the clock is disrupted, our eyes may be at greater risk of retinal degeneration as we age.

Purdue University photo/Tom Campbell

Fruit flies give insight into age-related changes in human vision. A team of researchers discovered the circadian clock plays a significant role in protecting eyes from retinal degeneration. The team studied fruit flies, which serve as a good model for the human retina. Vikki Weake, associate professor of biochemistry in Purdue's College of Agriculture, led the team.

Imagine if we could slow or prevent vision loss from retinal degeneration, said Vikki Weake, associate professor of biochemistry in Purdue Universitys College of Agriculture, who led the study. To do this, we need to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive age-associated changes and the external and internal factors that influence them. In this study, we discovered the circadian clock plays a surprisingly significant role in age-related changes in the retina. This internal clock may be critical in advanced age to prevent retinal degeneration and maintain eye health.

The team studied the eyes of Drosophila flies, a common model for the human eye. However, the study was uncommon in its use of multiple time points during aging, focus on photoreceptor neurons and new data analysis approaches. The findings are detailed in a paper in PLOS Genetics.

In our earlier studies, just focusing on gene expression, we were missing part of the story, Weake said. By looking at changes in chromatin that alter access to the underlying DNA during aging, we were able to identify some of the transcription factors that drive these gene expression changes in the aging eye.

Weake acknowledges doctoral student Juan Jupa Jauregui-Lozano for the idea for and application of the bioinformatics technique used.

I came across a powerful bioinformatics technique that can identify changes in transcription factor activity, helping us to understand gene regulation, Jauregui-Lozano said. The results revealed that the transcription factors Clock and Cycle - known for their role in circadian rhythm showed progressive changes in activity with age. This fits with what we know about eye biology, and this unbiased approach led us to identify Clock and Cycle as interesting targets to study.

Purdue University photo/Tom Campbell

Vikki Weake, associate professor of biochemistry in Purdue's College of Agriculture, sits at a microscope in her lab.

The technique, called diffTF, looks at changes in DNA accessibility in chromatin between different conditions. It generates a panel of potential candidates to pursue, as opposed to a research team beginning with a target gene in mind.

Clock and Cycle were known for being master regulators of circadian rhythms, but we saw they also regulate nearly all of the genes involved in sensing light in the retina, Jauregui-Lozano said. When the Clock:Cycle complex is disrupted, flies are susceptible to light-dependent retinal degeneration, and light-independent increase of oxidative stress. In humans, disruption of circadian rhythms has been associated with the onset of several age-related eye diseases. This is another piece of the puzzle.

Regulating the time at which these proteins are made is important to protect the light-sensing neurons and retain vision, Weake said.

The proteins involved in sensing light are delicate and degrade during the day when they are exposed to light, she said. If the circadian clock is off and these proteins arent made at the right time, its a problem.

The study found this complex controlled gene expression of nearly 20% of the active genes in Drosophila photoreceptors. The study also found the complex was responsible for maintaining global levels of chromatin accessibility in photoreceptors, a critical step in transcription of genes.

Co-author Hana Hall, research assistant professor of biochemistry at Purdue, performed light and dark experiments to see the effect on gene transcription when she was a researcher in Weakes lab.

Unlike most cells in the human body, neurons dont divide and replicate. The death of neurons lead to degenerative disease, Hall said. Because of this the cellular processes involved in repairing and regulating them are especially important. Proteins achieve this, and genes control which proteins are produced.

Aging is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative disease, Hall said. If we can understand the mechanics of how things get off track or become misregulated in our later years, we may be able to prevent or slow down the progression of these diseases. Vision loss affects a persons lifespan, independence and quality of life. Even delaying onset by five years could make a tremendous difference. We have ideas, and we are going to seek the answers.

The research team also included doctoral student Sarah Stanhope and undergraduate students Kimaya Bakhle and Makayla M. Marlin.

The National Eye Institute of the NIH (R01EY024905) and the Bird Stair Research Fellowship and Ross Lynn Research Scholar funded this work.

This article originally appeared in Purdue Universitys Agriculture News and has been republished with permission.

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A study of old flies offers new insight into retinal degeneration - ASBMB Today