New Chemistry Professor Sharing the Science of Solving Real World Problems – UNCO News Central

The lure of exploring endless possibilities and the challenge of solving puzzles is what drew Bonnie Buss to the field of chemistry. That combination is something she hopes will also inspire and excite her students, both in the classroom and the lab, as she steps into her new role as assistant professor in UNCs Chemistry and Biochemistry department this fall.

We have the periodic table thats relatively limited in the number of elements, but you can combine them and do things with them in an infinite number of ways, Buss said. Its actually pretty easy to get into a lab and make something that nobody else has ever made, to be an inventor. Then theres the puzzle side of it. You have all of these pieces of information, and you have to figure out how to solve a problem or determine what questions you can ask. Chemistry is not just about being smart, its about solving puzzles.

Buss, who earned her bachelors in Chemistry from the University of Arkansas and a Ph.D. in Materials Chemistry from Colorado State University, has spent much of her career in the lab, most recently engaged in post-doctoral research at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Her research is focused on sustainability, applying her skills and knowledge to solving the very real-world puzzle of how to reduce plastic waste and pollution.

The idea of sustainability is a pretty big focus in the academic chemistry community, Buss said. Theres a lot of government funding in this area and policy and motivation to solve these kinds of problems from all sorts of angles. My special take on this issue is being able to use light to either make plastics in a very sustainable way or to break down the plastics we already have into useful materials.

According to Buss, while not completely unique, the research shes doing does have the potential to stand out in the field.

Relative to some academic groups, theres definitely some economic motivation behind the research Im doing, Buss said. Were trying to develop things that make high value products. So, if we do come across a really solid approach, its something that people will have an economic incentive to adopt. There are a lot of ways to do everything out there, but if its really expensive, nobodys going to do it.

Buss is hoping to share her research with students and is actively recruiting both undergraduate and graduate students into her lab for hands-on research in photochemistry, plastics and sustainability. Its something she thinks will appeal to all experience levels and disciplines, and she encourages interested students to contact her.

The research well do here is really fun since were using light to do all of the chemistry, everything is very colorful, Buss continued.

Its a kind of research where we still use very fundamental ideas in chemistry, like talking about catalysts, things that can drive chemical reactions. But well use these in a very real world and applied approach, adds Buss. This research is something thats perfect for this environment, especially within the context of getting students excited and driving them to pursue careers in science, hopefully.

Michael Mosher, interim department chair, professor of Chemistry and manager of UNCs Brewing Laboratory Science Program, is excited to welcome Buss to the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and speaks highly of her research efforts to advance the science of polymer and plastic sustainability.

The results of her studies will be of paramount importance to the students in our program as they explore potential careers in chemistry, Mosher said.

While Buss is excited about her work in the lab, shes equally excited about the classroom and looks forward to working with students closely as an instructor and a research advisor.

Having people to teach and mentor - thats what drew me back to academia, the idea that I can work with students, help guide them, and set them up for success whatever their future may be. I chose UNC in particular because of the emphasis on doing right by the student. Its the combination of the teaching culture and the relatively smaller class sizes, while still getting the big university feel. I think its a pretty special place in that regard.

Buss will be teaching general chemistry and organic chemistry this year She is one of seven new faculty members in UNCs College of Natural and Health Sciences this fall. She is joined by Charles Lenell, Audiology and Speech Language Sciences; Lindsay Green, Nursing-Family/Emergency Nurse Practitioner; Teresa Buckner, Nutrition and Dietetics; Dannon Cox, Public Health-Community Health Education; Aryn Taylor, Rehabilitation Counseling and Sciences and Human Services; and Koo Yul Kim, Kinesiology-Sport Administration.

written by Deanna Herbert

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New Chemistry Professor Sharing the Science of Solving Real World Problems - UNCO News Central

Flexible electronics and quorum sensing among predictions for chemistry Nobel prize – Chemistry World

With only two weeks left until the 2022 chemistry Nobel prize is announced, Web of Science provider Clarivate has published its citation laureates researchers whose work ranks among the 0.01% of most highly cited publications.

Zhenan Bao from Stanford University, US, was selected for her work on flexible electronics and electronic skin, organic and polymeric electronic materials that have made applications in soft robotics, prosthetics, artificial intelligence and health monitoring possible.

Clarivate also singled out US-based scientists Bonnie Bassler at Princeton University and Peter Greenberg at the University of Washington for their discovery of quorum sensing, an intercellular chemical communications system that allows bacteria to detect and respond to cell population through gene regulation. Bassler was one of the recipients of a 2022 Wolf prize in chemistry, alongside bioorthogonal chemistry pioneer Carolyn Bertozzi and Benjamin Cravatt, who developed activity-based protein profiling. Winners of a Wolf prize have often gone on to become Nobel laureates.

Finally, Daniel Nocera from Harvard University, US, was selected for his research into proton-coupled electron transfer. The mechanism is important for many biochemical processes including photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and oxygen reduction. Its study could eventually lead to artificial photosynthetic systems.

Now in its 20th year, Clarivates analysis has been surprisingly accurate, with 64 citation laureates having gone on to receive Nobel prizes, including 10 chemistry citation laureates. Among them are the 2020 winners Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier, and one of the 2019 laureates, John Goodenough. All three of them were citation laureates in 2015.

Chemistry Views poll, which has so far received around 350 votes, predicts this years prize will go to a biochemist. Protein folding in particular seemed to be on peoples mind with multiple votes for the biochemical pioneers Franz-Ulrich Hartl and Arthur Horwich. AlphaFold developer John Jumper was one of the most suggested people, alongside Bertozzi and mtealorganic framework pioneer Omar Yaghi. Nucleic acid researcher Shankar Balasubramanian, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, discoverer of atom transfer radical polymerisation, and Demis Hassabis, co-founder and chief executive of DeepMind, which developed AlphaFold, were among the other individuals whose names popped up multiple times.

Just like last year, bioorthogonal chemistry/click chemistry is, with almost 42% of the votes, leading the Twitter poll run by Stuart Cantrill, editorial director for Natures physics and chemistry journals. A prize for this field, tweeted Cathleen Crudden, is way overdue. However, she agreed with Florence Williams and others that one person deserving of the honour is Katalin Karik who developed the mRNA technology that many Covid vaccines are based on.

The 2022 chemistry Nobel prize will be announced on Wednesday 5 October. Chemistry World will be tracking all the developments that day before and after the prize is announced at 10.45am BST.

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Flexible electronics and quorum sensing among predictions for chemistry Nobel prize - Chemistry World

Chemistry Reveals the History of an Ancient Dancing Horse Sculpture – Smithsonian Magazine

An X-ray of theDancing Horseearthenware sculpture, which dates to608 to 907 C.E. during China's Tang dynasty Cincinnati Art Museum / Gift of Carl and Eleanor Strauss, 1997.53

A curator and a chemist together uncovered the secrets of an ancient Chinese horse sculpture at the Cincinnati Art Museum. When the curator questioned whether a decorative tassel on the horses forehead was original to the artwork, the museum brought in a team of scientists to help analyze the piece.

The earthenware horse sculpture dates to somewhere between 608 and 907 C.E., during Chinas Tang dynasty. During the rule of Emperor Xuanzong in the 8th century, horses became a symbol of prosperity across the country, writes IFLSciences Katie Spalding.

Emperor Xuanzong owned more than 40,000 horses, as Hou-mei Sung, a curator of East Asian art at the Cincinnati Art Museum, says in a press release. The horses were trained to dance, or follow the beat of a drum, and sculptures of them were made to bury with royals when they died, Sung says.

This particular horse sculpture has been at the Cincinnati museum since 1997. It stands 26.5 inches tall and appears to be mid-dance, with one hoof held aloft. Attached to its body are ten cone-shaped decorative tassels, which have the same reddish color as the horses tail and mane.

But one of those tassels was in an unusual positionon the horses forehead, just below its mane. Sung says in the press release that shes seen many dancing horse sculptures, but none of the others have had a forehead tassel.

I believed it was a mistake. The tassel wasnt in the right position, she says in the release. These pieces are so old. They often go through many repairs.

To determine the origin and authenticity of the tassel, the museum allowed University of Cincinnati chemist Pietro Strobbia and other researchers to take a closer look. Many museums have a conservator but not necessarily scientific facilities needed to do this kind of examination, Strobbia says in the press release. The forehead tassel looks original, but the museum asked us to determine what materials it was made from.

The researchers used a drill to collect 11 tiny samples of powder from different parts of the horse, each weighing just a few milligrams, writes the Washington Posts Erin Blakemore. One techniquefor studying thesamples was X-ray powder diffraction, in which scientists measured how the powder bent an X-ray beam, revealing the composition of the sample. The researchers also used Raman spectroscopy, which measured how a laser beam scattered when it hit the powder, according to the Post.

The analysis revealed thatSungs assumption appeared to be correct: The tassel was made of plaster, not earthenware, and thus was likely not original to the piece. It had been added to the sculpture using animal glue. Two other tassels on the body of the horse were also not original, according to IFLScience.

The researchers published their findings in August in the journal Heritage Science. Based on the research, the museum decided to remove the forehead adornment, per the Post.

The findings also suggested that the sculpture had undergone multiple restoration efforts. Three other tassels showed evidence of repair, and X-rays revealed breaks inside the statue, with dowel rods placed around the neck, legs and tail to hold it together.

It was restored at least twice in its lifetime, Kelly Rectenwald, a co-author of the paper and the associate objects conservator at the Cincinnati Art Museum, says in the press release. Finding anything new about an artwork is really interesting.

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Chemistry Reveals the History of an Ancient Dancing Horse Sculpture - Smithsonian Magazine

Wild training camp: Fleury working on chemistry with D, plus Rossi and Steel first impressions, more – The Athletic

ST. PAUL, Minn. Five weeks after being traded to the Wild last season, Marc-Andre Fleury drove to the teams practice facility just to make sure it actually existed.

The guys keep telling me about the practice arena and how great it is, and I think its a lie, Fleury joked at the time.

It was a moment of levity before the playoffs, but it also was a reminder of just how little the Wild practiced after Fleurys arrival. With the most condensed schedule in the NHL down the stretch, they were ravaged by injuries players were battling through.

In grand total last season, Fleury practiced with the Wild twice: once on the road and once the day before the teams playoff series began against the St. Louis Blues.

Fleury went 9-2 with the Wild in the regular season, but its no secret he has a very different style in net than the quieter Cam Talbot. And it sure felt like the Wilds blueliners had trouble in the playoffs determining where Fleury would place rebounds, when he would come out of his crease to play the puck and where hed place it.

Fleurys hope and the Wilds hope is that after a full training camp, the Wilds blue line will be more at ease playing in front of the veteran goaltender.

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Wild training camp: Fleury working on chemistry with D, plus Rossi and Steel first impressions, more - The Athletic

The island that weve eaten | Opinion – Chemistry World

Twenty thousand men died on the battlefield at Waterloo, and most were buried close to where they fell. Their bodies were piled into mass graves; hastily covered with a layer of earth before the June heat made the task any more unbearable than it already was. But in the 200 years that have since passed, archaeologists have recovered only a single skeleton from this patch of Belgian ground. The rest of the remains have gone. There is no mystery, though; we know where they went. They were taken to England; ground to a fine powder; distributed to farmers and spread across their fields. There was something, those farmers knew, that was missing from their soil. And that something could be replenished with a sprinkling of bone dust.

Found in every living cell, phosphorus is essential for almost every one of lifes biochemical processes. It is found in the phospholipid bilayers that give cells their structure; it is the P in the ATP that powers lifes chemical reactions, and it is part of the nucleic acids that pass that life from one generation to the next. For such an important element though, it is surprisingly scarce in the environment: it is the least abundant of all elements, relative to the amount required for life. And unlike the other elements found in DNA, ATP and phospholipids carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen it does not circulate in the environment. Once it has been removed from a location, it is gone. A single crop of wheat can remove 7kg of phosphorus from a hectare of land. With an adult human skeleton containing approximately 700g of phosphorus, and without even considering the ethics, dead bodies could never provide farmers with a reliable, long-term supply.

One degree south of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean, though, an island only six miles in circumference, hundreds of miles from the tiny islands that are its nearest neighbours and 10 days sailing from the ports of Australia, offered a solution. When Australian prospector Albert Ellis arrived at Banaba in May 1900, he found an island of 450 inhabitants, dotted with coconut palms and bright green foliage, ringed with a rampart of limestone cliffs and encircled by a reef awash with breaking surf. And he found phosphorus. Alongside the islands limestone were deep deposits of grey-brown rock rich in phosphate. Deposits that had formed as sediment on the ocean floor, that had been thrust above the waves, and that were larger and more concentrated than any Ellis had ever seen before.

Within three months, the first phosphate had been exported from the island, and such was the need of the worlds farmers that this isolated speck of earth was transformed. Hundreds of imported labourers hacked at great deposits of phosphate rock and trains hauled carts from quarries to the waters edge, while steamers offshore awaited their cargo. Over 80 years, two mining companies the Pacific Phosphate Company and the British Phosphate Commission pulled Banaba apart. They exported the fabric of the island, funnelling it through soils, plants and grazing animals into the global food chain. They exported 22 million tonnes of land before the phosphate was exhausted, stripping 92% of the islands surface, and removing the entire indigenous population when there was nowhere left for them to grow food. They left behind an uninhabited industrial wasteland, littered with mining debris and abandoned machinery.

Phosphate rock, mined elsewhere, remains the worlds primary source of phosphorus. But it will not last forever. The natural phosphorus cycle occurs on geological timescales, and if humans want to retain access to this element and modern agriculture dictates that we must then we will need a new, anthropogenic cycle. We will need a circular economy in which waste phosphorus is recovered, recycled and reused. The biggest stream of phosphorus waste is sewage, and water treatment plants already employ chemical and biological processes to remove phosphorus, but those processes typically result in phosphorus compounds that cannot easily be reused: emphasis will need to shift towards recovering phosphorus in bioavailable forms. And with byproducts from the animal industry, including bone meal, forming another major source of phosphorus waste, we will also need to learn from the skeleton recycling circular economy of the 19th century .

There are things, too, that we must learn from Banaba. It is today one of the 33 islands that comprise the nation of Kiribati. With a maximum elevation of 87m, it is the only one that rises more than a few metres above sea level. Climate change models suggest that, in time, Banaba may be the only part of the country that remains above the waves. It will be a permanent monument to rapacious extraction; a nations tombstone declaiming the need for sustainable practices.

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The island that weve eaten | Opinion - Chemistry World

Kelly Ripa gets honest about her onscreen chemistry with Live co-host Ryan Seacrest in revealing int… – The US Sun

KELLY Ripa has lifted the lid on her on-screen chemistry with Live co-host Ryan Seacrest in a revealing tell-all interview.

Kelly, 51, revealed the secret behind "good on-screen chemistry" toThe Wall Street Journal.

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TheLive with Kelly and Ryanstar revealed she preferred to "work with my friends."

The TV star has been able to work well withRyan, 47, because the two "have had a 20-plus-year friendship."

The Hope and Faith star admitted that she and theAmerican Idolpersonality "trust one another and admire each other."

Kelly concluded: "We involve each other in our deep workplace discussions, which was such a new thing for me. "

The Live stars recently celebrated the fifth anniversary of hosting their talk show.

After watching a montage of photos of himself with his family, Ryanteared up a bit, chuckled, and said: "I actually can't talk.

"It kind of does get us every time seeing our families on here and a sappy song like that."

He confessed: "We do get choked up."

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Kelly laughed and pointed out: "We do. Especially you."

The Broad City guest star promoted her book,Live Wire: Long Winded Short Stories, with the publication.

The TV star originally set out to write her book in 2020, but her confidence began to fade the more she started jotting things down.

Kelly said: "I have the opposite of impostor syndrome. I think that because I enjoy doing something because I enjoy reading, I can write a book."

The All My Children star revealed she has big plans for herself in the future.

Kelly shared: "My ultimate goal is to get off camera.

"Because I really do enjoy the process of behind-the-scenes creativity more than being in front of the camera."

It is unclear when the former soap opera star plans to step back from the ABC show, or her other TV projects.

Behind the camera, Kelly is one of the executive producers on the LifetimeRipped from the Headlinesmovie,Let's Get Physical.

Let's Get Physical - which stars Kelly's son Michael, 25 - is scheduled to air on Lifetime on October 15th.

Kelly and her husband, Mark Consuelos, 51, share their sons, Michael and Joaquin Antonio, 19, and daughterLola Grace, 21.

The couple celebratedtheir 26th wedding anniversaryat the beginning of May.

She paid tribute to the day with a photo of the lovey-dovey pair cuddling and called Mark the "love of my life."

The twomarried in a quickie $179 weddinginLas Vegasback in 1996.

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Kelly Ripa gets honest about her onscreen chemistry with Live co-host Ryan Seacrest in revealing int... - The US Sun

Jimmy Garoppolo getting quick chemistry lesson with 49ers new receivers – The Athletic

SANTA CLARA, Calif. Ray-Ray McCloud III said he had instant chemistry with Jimmy Garoppolo when they first talked shop in the 49ers locker room this summer. The challenge now is to jell just as well on the field.

Its all about being on the same page, McCloud said 20 minutes before the 49ers took the field for Garoppolos first practice as the starter this season.

He missed all of the spring practices and training camp and was the scout-team quarterback the first two weeks of the season. That meant a few passes to rookie Danny Gray ahead of the Week 1 game against the Bears but no real throwing sessions with him, McCloud or any of the newcomers to the offense this year.

That didnt seem to be an issue with McCloud on Sunday. Garoppolos first pass to him was a 16-yard completion in the second quarter that preceded a touchdown throw to a more familiar target, Ross Dwelley.

With rain in the forecast, McCloud said the pregame coaching point for the quarterbacks was to put the ball on the receivers bodies. When the skies opened up, McCloud said, thats exactly what Garoppolo did.

He said the 49ers quarterback reminded him a lot of former

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Jimmy Garoppolo getting quick chemistry lesson with 49ers new receivers - The Athletic

Worldwide Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Industry to 2027 – by Function, Chemical Products, End-user and Region – Yahoo Finance

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Dublin, Sept. 23, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size & Share to 2027" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The disinfectant and antimicrobial chemicals are used to destroy harmful microorganisms such as virus, bacteria, and fungi,. There are various types of disinfectants, antimicrobial chemicals available in the market, which include Phenolics, Iodophors, Nitrogen compounds, Organometallics, Organosulfurs, Aldehydes, and Others.

The phenolic compounds are used as disinfectant for surfaces such as laboratory, and non-critical medical devices such as blood pressure cuffs, stethoscope, hospital beds, and furniture.

Market Drivers

The increase in prevalence of healthcare associated infections is expected to boost the growth of global disinfectant and antimicrobial chemicals market over the forecast period. Also, the rise in healthcare investments by government and private companies across the globe will positively influence the market growth.

Furthermore, growing COVID-19 pandemic across the globe expected to drive the global disinfectant and antimicrobial chemicals market growth during this forecast timeline. Moreover, the increase in demand from water treatment and healthcare industries is expected to propel the global disinfectant and antimicrobial chemicals market growth. In addition, the rise in awareness, especially across the emerging economies like APAC, and MEA is projected to further fuel the market in near future.

Market Restraints

Lack of awareness about the use of chemical disinfectants is the major restraint which expected to hamper the global disinfectant and antimicrobial chemicals market growth. Also, improper disposable of chemicals is expected to lead to contamination of soil, and water may limit the market growth over the forecast period.

Market Segmentation

The Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market is segmented into function such as Disinfectants & Sanitizers, and Antimicrobial Additives, by chemical products such as Phenolics, Iodophors, Nitrogen compounds, Organometallics, Organosulfurs, Aldehydes, and Others. Further, market is segmented into end user such as Paint & Coatings, Medical & Healthcare, Food & Beverage Processing, Plastics, Textiles, and others.

Also, the Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market is segmented into five regions such as North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa.

Market Key Players

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Various key players are discussed in this report such as BASF SE, ASHLAND INCORPORATED, AKZO NOBEL NV, AKCROS CHEMICALS LIMITED, CLARIANT INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, FERRO CORPORATION, LANXESS AG, LONZA GROUP LIMITED, and MILLIKEN & COMPANY.

Key Questions Addressed by the Report

What are the Key Opportunities in Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market?

What will be the growth rate from 2019 to 2027?

Which segment/region will have highest growth?

What are the factors that will impact/drive the Market?

What is the competitive Landscape in the Industry?

What is the role of key players in the value chain?

What are the strategies adopted by key players?

Key Topics Covered:

1 Introduction

2 Research Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Outlook4.1 Overview4.2 Market Dynamics4.2.1 Drivers4.2.2 Restraints4.2.3 Opportunities4.3 Porters Five Force Model4.4 Value Chain Analysis

5 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market, By Function5.1 Y-o-Y Growth Comparison, By Function5.2 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Function5.3 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Function5.3.1 Disinfectants & Sanitizers5.3.2 Antimicrobial Additives

6 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market, By Chemical Products6.1 Y-o-Y Growth Comparison, By Chemical Products6.2 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Chemical Products6.3 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Chemical Products6.3.1 Phenolics6.3.2 Iodophors6.3.3 Nitrogen compounds6.3.4 Organometallics6.3.5 Organosulfurs6.3.6 Aldehydes6.3.7 Others

7 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market, By End User7.1 Y-o-Y Growth Comparison, By End User7.2 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By End User7.3 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By End User7.3.1 Paint & Coatings7.3.2 Medical & Healthcare7.3.3 Food & Beverage Processing7.3.4 Plastics7.3.5 Textiles7.3.6 Others

8 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market, By Region8.1 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Region8.2 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Region8.3 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Region

9 North America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecast (2020-2027)9.1 Introduction9.2 North America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Function9.3 North America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Chemical Products9.4 North America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By End User9.5 North America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Country9.5.1 U.S.9.5.2 Canada9.5.3 Mexico

10 Europe Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecast (2020-2027)10.1 Introduction10.2 Europe Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Function10.3 Europe Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Chemical Products10.4 Europe Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By End User10.5 Europe Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Country10.5.1 Germany10.5.2 France10.5.3 UK10.5.4 Rest of Europe

11 Asia Pacific Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecast (2020-2027)11.1 Introduction11.2 Asia Pacific Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Function11.3 Asia Pacific Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Chemical Products11.4 Asia Pacific Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By End User11.5 Asia Pacific Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Country11.5.1 China11.5.2 Japan11.5.3 India11.5.4 Rest of Asia Pacific

12 Latin America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecast (2020-2027)12.1 Introduction12.2 Latin America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Function12.3 Latin America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Chemical Products12.4 Latin America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By End User12.5 Latin America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, Country

13 Middle East Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecast (2020-2027)13.1 Introduction13.2 Middle East Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Function13.3 Middle East Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Chemical Products13.4 Middle East Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By End User13.5 Middle East Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Country

14 Competitive Analysis14.1 Competition Dashboard14.2 Market share Analysis of Top Vendors14.3 Key Development Strategies

15 Company Profiles15.1 BASF SE15.1.1 Overview15.1.2 Offerings15.1.3 Key Financials15.1.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.1.5 Key Marke
t Developments15.1.6 Key Strategies15.2. ASHLAND INCORPORATED15.2.1 Overview15.2.2 Offerings15.2.3 Key Financials15.2.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.2.5 Key Market Developments15.2.6 Key Strategies15.3. AKZO NOBEL NV15.3.1 Overview15.3.2 Offerings15.3.3 Key Financials15.3.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.3.5 Key Market Developments15.3.6 Key Strategies15.4 AKCROS CHEMICALS LIMITED15.4.1 Overview15.4.2 Offerings15.4.3 Key Financials15.4.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.4.5 Key Market Developments15.4.6 Key Strategies15.5 CLARIANT INTERNATIONAL LIMITED15.5.1 Overview15.5.2 Offerings15.5.3 Key Financials15.5.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.5.5 Key Market Developments15.5.6 Key Strategies15.6 DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY15.6.1 Overview15.6.2 Offerings15.6.3 Key Financials15.6.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.6.5 Key Market Developments15.6.6 Key Strategies15.7 FERRO CORPORATION15.7.1 Overview15.7.2 Offerings15.7.3 Key Financials15.7.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.7.5 Key Market Developments15.7.6 Key Strategies15.8 LANXESS AG15.8.1 Overview15.8.2 Offerings15.8.3 Key Financials15.8.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.8.5 Key Market Developments15.8.6 Key Strategies15.9 LONZA GROUP LIMITED15.9.1 Overview15.9.2 Offerings15.9.3 Key Financials15.9.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.9.5 Key Market Developments15.9.6 Key Strategies15.10 MILLIKEN & COMPANY15.10.1 Overview15.10.2 Offerings15.10.3 Key Financials15.10.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.10.5 Key Market Developments15.10.6 Key Strategies

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/ttc299

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Worldwide Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Industry to 2027 - by Function, Chemical Products, End-user and Region - Yahoo Finance

Benzenes bond lengths corrected | Research – Chemistry World

Scientists in South Korea are reporting the most accurate experimental geometries for benzene and deuterated benzene to date.1 The team led by Thomas Schultz at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology say that previously reported experimental structures were out by several milliangstroms.

Srgio Domingos from the University of Coimbra in Portugal, who wasnt involved in the study, explains that isotopic information was used to determine the corrected benzene structure. The results reveal carbonhydrogen and carbondeuterium bond lengths that defy currently accepted literature values, he says. The nuclear quantum effect of deuterium with respect to hydrogen hasnt been explored for benzene with this level of precision before.

Benzene was first isolated by Michael Faraday almost 200 years ago and has become an important reference molecule that is used to test experiments and theoretical methods in different fields. But despite being studied intensively, benzenes behaviour continues to surprise scientists. Recently, a high-resolution rotational spectroscopy study revealed an unusual hydrogen/deuterium isotope effect2 as well as unexpected differences between the effective and equilibrium carbonhydrogen bond lengths of this compound. The new experimental work challenges these observations, suggesting that benzenes vibrational properties are just like those of other small molecules.

Schultz and colleagues mention that their results refute recent experimental and theoretical literature claims of identical effective CH and CD bond lengths in benzene, and indeed the team found an 11.5m difference between the two, with the deuterium bond shorter. The researchers have identified shortcomings of earlier approximations which led to surprising results for this prototypical aromatic molecule, comments Jennifer van Wijngaarden from York University in Canada. The agreement with quantum chemical theory is impressive and these results are more intuitive than what the prior microwave studies suggested.

Domingos notes that the technique used mass-correlated rotational alignment spectroscopy is a tandem one that correlates the rotational Raman spectra of neutral ground-state molecules with the masses of ions formed during ionisation. The method allows for complicated isotopic species to be studied, even molecules with a lot of symmetry which are often not detectable with other techniques, he says.

The approach uses a pulse from a pump laser to create excited rotational states of molecules using Raman excitation. Rather than detecting the rotational frequency directly to identify these excited states, the detection is done by ionising the rotating molecules using two different photons to reach sufficient energy, one fixed and one variable, explains van Wijngaarden. She says that the new study corrects current understanding of the structure of benzene and lays the framework for building better models of molecular structure. And as this technique can be applied to highly symmetric molecules, it opens the door to the characterisation of many chemically important species like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Benzenes bond lengths corrected | Research - Chemistry World

Babar credits history and chemistry after record-breaking stand with Rizwan – Hindustan Times

After a forgettable Asia Cup, followed by a 24-ball 31 against England in the series opener, Babar Azam's rough patch finally took a halt on Thursday evening in Karachi. The Pakistan skipper, who had just managed 98 runs in previous seven T20I matches, slammed an unbeaten 110 off 66 balls and led his team to a handsome 10 wickets victory in the second T20I.

Babar's knock was equally supported by his opening partner and in-form batter Mohammad Rizwan, who scored 88 off 51 deliveries, helping Pakistan chase a stiff 200-run target with three balls to spare. The feat saw the duo stitch a record-breaking double-century opening stand, surpassing the previous best, which was also set by the same pair. Babar and Rizwan held the previous record of Pakistan's 197-run opening-wicket stand, which they made against South Africa at Centurion in 2021.

Also Read: Shaheen Afridi's 'time to get rid of selfish Kaptaan Babar, Rizwan' sarcastic tweet sends social media in frenzy

Apart from the two instance, Babar and Rizwan had also stitched an unbeaten 152-run partnership, demolishing India by 10 wickets in the previous edition of the T20 World Cup.

When asked to reflect on the partnership he built with Rizwan on the evening and in the past, Babar credited the history and chemistry between the two, which make things easier for them. He also mentioned about the trust level, which is such that there are incidents when they have sneaked runs between the wickets without having to call for it.

Humari communication kafi acchi hain, humne aise chase pehe bhi kiye hain, toh hamari chemistry kaafi milti hain. Kabhi kabhar hum aise runs lete hain ki hum call bhi nahi kartey, hum bhag jate hain. Yeh trust level hain, yeh trust level pure team mein hain. (Our communication is brilliant, even chemistry and we have chased high scoring targets previously. Sometimes we steal runs without a call, this is trust level we share.)

Hum koshish karte hain ek dusre pe trust kiya jaye as a team. (As a team we trust our teammates equally), the Pakistan captain said in the post-match press conference on Thursday.

With the win, Pakistan have bounced back in the seven-match series, which now stands tied at 1-1. England had won the opening encounter by six wickets.

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Babar credits history and chemistry after record-breaking stand with Rizwan - Hindustan Times

Meet Cute Reviews Are Here, And Critics Have Thoughts On Kaley Cuoco And Pete Davidson’s Odd-Couple Chemistry – CinemaBlend

Fans have been anticipating the release of Meet Cute ever since it was announced that Kaley Cuoco and Pete Davidson were co-starring. The seemingly unlikely couple bring a magnetic charm together to the screen, and the fact that both of their love lives have been in the public eye certainly doesnt hurt the cause. Meet Cute is available for streaming with a Peacock subscription, but ahead of its release, critics had the chance to screen the movie, and its no surprise that the relationship between the two actors played a big role in their reactions.

Alex Lehmann directs this time-travel rom-com, in which its quickly learned that Kaley Cuocos Sheila has been going back in time to relive the perfect day when she met Pete Davidsons Gary. So lets see what critics are saying about Cuoco and Davidson's odd-couple chemistry, starting with the CinemaBlend review of Meet Cute. Nick Venable rates the movie 3.5 stars out of 5, saying Cuoco is fantastic, if not slightly unhinged, and Davidson brings exactly what youd expect basically, the low-key vibe of a guy who can get away with wearing sweatpants on the red carpet. The review says:

As a time-travel movie duo, Sheila and Gary arent history-changers like Bill and Ted, and they dont get involved in gross familial circumstances like Doc and Marty. But their story is definitely another unique entry in the annals of cinema, and one that fans may want to watch time and time again, with or without a time travel tanning booth involved.

Kate Erbland of Indiewire gives the grade of a B, calling this movie an awkward, but smart watch, and she notes that the main actors are damn cute together. Here's more from the review:

Dont let the cloying title fool you and dont get caught up in the Groundhog Day of it all. Lehmanns film is both a credible romance and a clever attempt at deconstructing just what it is we love about love, both on the big screen and in the mess of our everyday lives. Many elements of this anti-rom-com (that is also a rom-com) dont quite gel, with explanations for Sheila and Garys damaged psyches that feel paper-thin and movie-made. Still, the stuff that does work interrogates the entire genre; its both entertaining and smart as hell.

Emily Bernard of Collider grades the film a B-, noting its a little dark to be considered a rom-com, despite its comedic leads, and says the characters come off more like best friends than potential lovers:

This movie thrives when it focuses on Sheila and Garys connection and their awkward, charming get to know you banter (even though Sheila supposedly knows everything about Gary) carefully crafted by writer Noga Pnueli. Its clear these two are a good match for each other, not necessarily romantically, but as best friends. Their conversations and behavior playfully ride the line between being flirtatious and making fun of each other the way two long-time pals would do. They bond over their mutual fair shares of trauma, and the glimmering moments of hope in a bleak world that restore their faith in humanity.

Lovia Gyarkye of THR also gets that platonic feeling, but notes that Kaley Cuoco is nearly flawless in the movies first act. While The Big Bang Theory actress does have chemistry with the former Saturday Night Live cast member, by the second act theyve lost momentum and their relationship seems to be more fraternal. As it says in the review:

Despite its flaws, Meet Cute flickers with potential. The film has pockets of charming moments, which make it easier to see what the filmmakers were trying to achieve. Theres something seductive about reliving the honeymoon period of any relationship, of returning to the moment passion was ignited, but its not those early days or feelings that create a winning or lasting romance. Meet Cute takes its own, inventive route to a familiar conclusion: Love, like the most intricate puzzles, takes time.

The movie just doesn't work for Jordan Hoffman of the AV Club, who grades Meet Cute a D. The actors are game, the critic says, but the script is pedestrian:

Meet Cute has all the unoriginality of a forgettable low-budget pictureand eye-rolling dialogue like making Kaley Cuoco say all the things!plus a central premise that just doesnt work. Dont feel bad if you stand this one up.

Kaley Cuoco and Pete Davidsons performances had to carry this movie, and it sounds like most critics were charmed by their efforts, even if the romantic aspect might have been a little lacking. Meet Cute is available for streaming on Peacock, and be sure to also check out these other movies and shows to watch if you like Davidson. While this movie is straight to streaming, you can start planning your next trip to the theater with our 2022 movie release schedule.

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Meet Cute Reviews Are Here, And Critics Have Thoughts On Kaley Cuoco And Pete Davidson's Odd-Couple Chemistry - CinemaBlend

David Sinclair Supplements (2022 List) | Brands for Anti-Aging!

David Sinclair gained a lot of popularity with his recent appearance on the Joe Rogan Experience, especially as he discussed such a poignant topic as life extension.

But is anti-aging something we can consider?

Can we fight death?

Not exactly. We can fight the negative effects of aging; we can look younger, and feel better for longer periods of time.

Thats Davids promise.

In the latest news, Sinclair, along with other European and US researchers has established the Academy for Health and Lifespan Research.

And, although hes 50 years old, his biological age is 31.

His antiaging research, his energy, and his focus, plus his appearance could convince anyone that what hes saying is legit.

However, remember to consult your GP before trying anything because all these products may interfere with pre-existing conditions.

RECOMMENDATION (Good For Daily Energy & Longevity)

In My Personal Experience & According to Countless Anecdotal Evidence It Provides Energy and Vigor Throughout The Day & Scientifically Shown to Raise NAD Levels. Now. (.).

David Sinclairs 1 gram of NMN and 0.5 g of resveratrol in the morning is mixed with yogurt; Studies showed that resveratrol absorption was 5 times lower if without fat. He doesnt mention a specific brand David takes the products below. He does take the resveratrol leftover from clinical trials. He prescribed some of these molecules to his mom and dad too, and even his family dogs!

Below are 3 longevity supplements David takes: Metformin, NMN, and Resveratrol, and more

NMN and Nicotinamide Riboside elevate your NAD levels. (Tru Niagen is The Best Replacement for MNM, it is considered to be more effective in raising NAD levels. I recommend considering Tru Niagen (Nicotinamide Riboside) products instead of NMN)

NAD helps your body make more energy. When you age, your cells make more NAD.

So not only do you feel more tired, your cells cant function properly because they dont have the energy they need.

Thats why David advocates supplementing with NMN to increase your NAD levels, even though theres no scientific consensus on this either.

David mixes his NMN into yogurt, so you need to find a powdered version.

Alive By Nature NMN Sublingual Powder is one of the best NMN powders on the market. Its 100% natural and vegan, with over 99% purity, no GMOs, and no gluten.

It works better if you place it under your tongue, though. The belief is that way the NMN can enter your bloodstream immediately, bypassing the liver, although this approach isnt fully researched yet.

The only downside is that quality NMN like this one is quite expensive, especially if you want to take 1g/ daily like Dr. Sinclair.

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Remember how everyone used to be hyped about red wine? Thats because of all the resveratrol found in the grape peel.

It was assumed that because grapes have this anti-aging substance in their peel, you can drink red wine and youll live a longer, healthier life.

Now we know thats not the case because youd have to drink hundreds of bottles of wine per day for resveratrol to work.

Thats how concentrated resveratrol supplements emerged. That is controversial, but well discuss that below.

We, the plebe, have to look on Amazon. To make sure you get a product thats similar to what he is using, you can read a paper published by one of his companies, Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, which was testing micronized resveratrol.

Micronized resveratrol increases the blood resveratrol levels almost four times.

As per these podcasts notes at Rich Roll, he recommends RevGenetics M98 Micronized Resveratrol. This is a legit company that has been selling resveratrol supplements since the early 2000s.

This product is micronized, so the molecules last longer in your bloodstream.

The powder form is user-friendly, as you can mix it with your shakes or yogurt.

With a 98% purity and high potency, the only downside of this supplement is how much it costs.

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Vitamins D3 and K2 are both involved in proper calcium absorption in your body. That way, calcium can go straight to your bones instead of blocking your arteries.

Sports Research Vitamin K2 + D3 with Organic Coconut Oil is one of the best choices that I discovered.

These concentrations mean that each capsule is very potent and efficient.

Keep in mind that the DRA for vitamin D3 is 600-800 iu per day, but vitamin D3 is easily excreted through the urine, so you need a bigger supplementation.

Even so, consult your GP before taking a D3 supplement, especially if you have pre-existing conditions.

Your GP might prescribe anywhere between 1000 iu to 5000 iu daily.

That said, this supplement:

The only con is possible bloating, but thats just the effect of D3. This supplement from Sports Research causes fewer GI problems than other D3 supplements on the market.

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Metformin is not a new appearance in the pharmaceutical market. Medical practitioners have known about metformin for a century, and they began studying it in the 1950s.

A plant-based drug, metformin is extracted from French Lilac, and its used in managing diabetes, considering it can decrease blood glucose.

Considering that metformin has all the advantages, and none of the risks, its no wonder that it looks appealing to fight aging.

All the other anti-aging products are nowhere near this tested and with so much patient-related data.

Can metformin fight old age?

Metformin is involved in the AMPK cellular pathway activation, which leads to:

Metformin can improve your metabolism, keep your cells healthy, and eliminate unhealthy ones.

However, metformin is a prescription drug, and most doctors prescribe it only for type 2 diabetes, not for general health and longevity.

Dr Peter Attia write on metformin and exercise. Really interesting. Do not take it the same day/time as your exercise!!!

In a podcast with Joe Rogan, he says hes been taking statin since his twenties because he has high cholesterol in his family.

Statins are prescription drugs that:

Side effects include:

These side effects are more common for over 65-year-old females and people with diabetes.

Statins interact with grapefruits, which block certain enzymes that help your body metabolize statins.

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Dr. Sinclair explains how NMN supplements work in a Joe Rogan Experience podcast.

He explains that diseases and age-related deterioration are caused by certain genes, called sirtuins.

NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a type of molecule that activates sirtuins, meaning NMN supplements can prevent disease, give you more energy, and reduce the negative effect of aging.

NMN boost NAD levels, and sirtuins need NAD to work properly.

NAD, aka nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is a coenzyme that assists your metabolism, so your cells have more energy to function and to fight diseases.

People cant take NAD directly because its a larger molecule that cant be metabolized easily. NMN is smaller, so its easier to absorb.

David has been taking 1g of NMN/ day for the last three years.

Studies show that the risk-free dose is 1-2g/ day. Some side effects can include mild GI distress, tiredness, and light headaches.

Benefits:

Apart from taking all of the products mentioned above, David does intermittent fasting. He mentions both on his blog and in his book called Lifespan: Why We Ageand Why We Dont Have To that you can live longer if you dont overeat.

He believes that old age is a disease that can be treated through nutrition. Intermittent fasting and calorie restriction improve your metabolism.

As such, your cells have more energy to keep the healthy ones alive and to kill the unhealthy ones. Accelerated metabolism also reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, which have been linked to chronic diseases.

David also exercises frequently:

David recommends using sauna and cold baths together, to accelerate your metabolism and improve heart function.

While David generally tries to get all the vitamins and minerals he needs from his diet, he does still take some supplements daily. Specifically, hes talked about taking:

In Davids book Lifespan, he mentions taking vitamin D3 daily. Vitamin D is a vital micronutrient and is thought to exercise an important effect on at least 200 of our genes. Its relatively scarce in foods, and so we rely on sunlight for producing adequate quantities. If youre not getting much sunlight, then it can be necessary to supplement it.

David doesnt name on the record what brand he uses, or how much he is taking, he discusses in the podcast with famous Dave Asprey that he needs 2,000iu per day at the minimum.

David suggests taking Vitamin K2 in his book.

Vitamin K is a crucial micronutrient that performs a vital role in the capacity to form blood clots and to move calcium throughout the body. It comes in two various forms, K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone). K1 is the most plentiful in a western diet, found in leafy green vegetables. Vitamin K2 is located in fermented foods, which are less prevalent in a western diet. A source thats unusually high in K2 is fermented soya beans.

Sadly, many people are low in K1, and hence may have low levels of K1 to maintain sufficient calcium transport

So where does the vitamin K2 supplementation come in?

Vitamin K1 is used in the liver, and K2 appears to be prioritized for use in the periphery, which will support calcium transport.

David suggests taking alpha-lipoic acid. Not to be confused with alpha-linolenic acid that is a source of omega-3 fatty acids, frequently found in seeds. Alpha-lipoic acid is found naturally in a specific food, and when ingested, is used in the cells as a cofactor in mitochondrial energy metabolism.

David states in the interview with David Asprey that he gets Coenzyme Q10 due to the fact that he is taking statins. He doesnt explain why he takes Q10, but hes likely referring to a study that proposes that statins may decrease coenzyme Q10 levels in the blood. He just states that he gets a large pill daily. Q10 supplements are generally taken in the 100 to 200mg range.

Davids diet is shaped by his caloric restriction principle. He also avoids foods that impact metabolism and affect the glycemic index.

As weve mentioned before, NAD is a helper molecule that fuels some of the most important biological processes in your body, like:

NAD levels plummet with old age. Very low NAD levels are correlated with Alzheimers, diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and vision impairment.

Thats why taking NAD precursor supplements like those manufactured by Metro Biotech can help you age gracefully.

In the words of David, resveratrol steps on the accelerator pedal of the sirtuin enzymes.

In the same JRE podcast cited above, David explains that there are plenty of mice studies that show resveratrol improves their health/longevity and lengthens their lifespan.

David says that you need NMN for resveratrol to work because NMN is the fuel that sirtuins need. You cant accelerate sirtuins if they dont have enough energy to work.

The problem with sources is that NMN is not naturally occurring. The human body normally makes glycine, a type of amino acid that is similar to the NMN in order to produce energy. While there is a relatively small amount of glycine in our body, there is sufficient to produce a very mild, long-lasting antidepressant effect, but not enough to produce a noticeable improvement in mood. Similarly, those seeking a more powerful NMN effect may want to look at the pharmaceutical brands that are available, such as Evista recommended by Rhonda Patrick. In many ways, NMN is similar to the way that omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation in the body. While we can consume the omega-3 fatty acids ourselves, the body cannot make NMN on its own and thus must rely on diet and supplements to obtain them. To supplement with NMN, it is best to start with a relatively low dosage of less than 100mg per day, which you can digest without the body having to break it down into a different form.

Ways to get a glucose-lowering effect from eating plant foods. A good habit to incorporate into your lifestyle is consuming protein with each meal. Protein promotes weight loss by increasing metabolism. For most people, a combination of protein and plant foods is most effective for weight loss. In addition, to help minimize carbohydrate cravings, a protein snack can be a good idea every 3 hours. I know of several things that have helped people get some lower-glycemic foods in their diet. Some of these include: Tracking and logging food intake. Dietary fats and protein control. Eating organic foods. Fiber. Lots of vegetables. When working with clients, I like to remind them that weight loss and health are better than any kind of diet. Even a diet that may seem good on paper is not good for long-term health. You cant fix your overall health with a diet unless you add exercise, physical therapy, and other lifestyle modifications. It takes a lifestyle change to heal, and a diet wont necessarily do that.

Evidence that dietary Nicotinamide mononucleotidesupplementation with nicotinamide riboside (NR) might be an effective strategy for modulating glucose-6-phosphate cycle kinase in type 2 diabetes has sparked a great deal of enthusiasm.2,4,10,15 In particular, clinicians have been encouraged by the recent findings of Lozada et al8 who found that NR supplementation (3 g/day) significantly improved glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose tolerance, and fasting glucose (BG) in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), following 10 weeks of treatment.3 Other recent trials have shown NR is an effective strategy for insulin and glucose control in T2D and type 1 diabetes in children, adolescents, and adults,3,4,6,10,12,14,1519 and has also been found to have beneficial effects.

Folk medicine suggests that the consumption of bonemeal can help the body fight age and protects the organism from diseases. They are popularly called bioneers in India. Some research has also revealed that this substance can slow down the progression of heart and blood vessel diseases and can even prevent the occurrence of high blood pressure. Even more than that, the people who are consuming this low-calorie food have also been found to be able to lower their risk of cancer.

Given the above-mentioned facts, you should definitely take a closer look at the ginseng and beechwood extracts. According to a new study published in the journal Nature Medicine, they have the ability to extend the life of rats by 30 percent. In addition, the rats that were given a mix of these ingredients have also shown a reduction in the number of carcinogenic compounds in their urine, cholesterol levels, and even blood sugar. So, how exactly can these substances prolong our lifespan? Well, they contain compounds called flavonoids. They protect your cells from damage and have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Were learning more about the health of the body in order to become the healthiest, leanest, and happiest that we can be. The truth is, we really dont know all that much. The human body is the most complex machine in the world, and to fully understand and reverse aging, wed need to understand the secrets behind every single aspect of the process. However, thats not the case. 1 cup of coffee in the morning, green tea after that. This I especially troubling to many because it means that as we age, we continue to experience a body that grows more complicated in order to stay functional for longer than we would like. One fact of the family history is for certain: for as long as the human race is on this planet, it will need to know about the body.

If the body gets sick, it keeps us alive. It takes care of us. One of the best ways to achieve health, happiness, and longevity is by strengthening the body and nutrition. Consider the health benefits of eating an alkaline diet. Benefits of an Alkaline Diet. Simply put, an alkaline diet is a diet that is alkaline in nature. This means that you are eating foods that arent too acidic. As we age, our bodies become more acidic which can be caused by inflammation.

Trying to think of ways to enhance your health by taking a supplement of something is certainly great, but it also usually comes with a risk that youll be able to make a very good excuse not to take the vitamin or supplement in the first place. Now, there are situations when it is advisable to take two or more supplements at the same time, but most of the time, you should try to limit your supplement with methyl groups to only one of them, or maybe, the supplements are supposed to work as a combination.

If you are taking another supplement, be careful to take it at the same time, preferably at the same time every day, if not right after you take your first supplement. A lot of different types of vitamins can affect each other, and if you put them together, they can become more effective than they would be on their own.

Yes, the medical consensus is that resveratrol is safe.

However, theres no consensus on whether or not it works.

In 2006, he co-wrote a paper on the benefits of resveratrol. Resveratrol is a stilbenoid found in the skin of grapes in low amounts. Studies have shown that resveratrol can reduce the risk of heart disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. David Sinclair believes that resveratrol works synergistically with NMN. Resveratrol is needed to activate the sirtuin genes.

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David Sinclair Supplements (2022 List) | Brands for Anti-Aging!

Authorized Biography Of The Rolling Stones Charlie Watts Launched In London – uDiscover Music

The new authorized biography of late Rolling Stones drummer Charlie Watts was launched at a special event on Friday night (16) at south Londons Sound Lounge venue.

Charlies Good Tonight: The Life, The Times and the Rolling Stones, by music writer, broadcaster, uDiscover Music contributor, and longtime Stones chronicler and interviewer Paul Sexton, has the approval of Watts family and is endorsed by the band themselves.

It features forewords by both Mick Jagger and Keith Richards and a prelude by former band manager and producer Andrew Loog Oldham, and was published in the UK on Thursday (15) by Mudlark/HarperCollins. US publication follows on October 11, after which it will be out in the Netherlands on October 24, Spain in November and numerous other countries next year.

The launch evening combined live performances with audio and video celebrating the life and work of one of the most admired musicians in the worlds of both rock and jazz. A core live band featured guitarist and Sound Lounge co-founder Keiron Marshall, bassist Terry Peaker, and drummer Nigel Appleton, with guest appearances by David Sinclair, leader of his own David Sinclair 4; rock singer Helen Hurd; Danny George Wilson, of UK Americana Award-winning bands Danny and the Champions of the World and Bennett Wilson Poole; and his frequent collaborator on guitar, Paul Lush.

The location of the venue, one block away from the pub in Sutton formerly called the Red Lion, where the Stones played many early gigs both before and after the arrival of Watts and Bill Wyman in the line-up, was reflected in the opening live tracks. Chuck Berrys Bye Bye Johnny, with lead vocals by Sinclair and also featured on the DS4s new Apropos Blues album, was on the Stones first, self-tjtled EP in January 1964; Slim Harpos Im A King Bee, with vocals by Marshall, was on the groups debut album three months later.

Later tracks performed on the night included another Berry composition, Let It Rock, again featuring Sinclair; Time Is On My Side and Mixed Emotions, both with Wilsons lead; Tumbling Dice, featuring Hurd, and a closing return to the Stones R&B roots with Ride Em On Down, the Eddie Taylor song covered by the band on their chart-topping 2016 album Blue & Lonesome.

Interspersed with the live performances were tracks from albums by the Stones and from Watts various jazz projects, selected videos, and excerpts from Sextons interviews with the band, whom he has been interviewing since the early 1990s. Guests at the event, featured in the book, included Watts tailor and shoemaker respectively, Dario and John Carnera, and Nettie Baker, daughter of Ginger, with whom Charlie had a lifelong friendship.

Listen to the best of the Rolling Stones onApple MusicandSpotify.

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Authorized Biography Of The Rolling Stones Charlie Watts Launched In London - uDiscover Music

Nano Products Online Store | Nanoproducts, Nanoparticles, Nanopowders …

Nanotechnology today is growing very rapidly and has infinite applications in almost everything we do. The medicine we take, food we eat, chemicals we use, car we drive and much much more.mknano offers large variety of nano products in various forms as mentioned below. We offer many nano powders at very affordable prices.

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Carbon Nanotubes Single wall (SWNT), Double wall (DWNT), Multiwall (MWNT), (alligned/tangled/dispersable), OH, COOH Functionalized SWNT/MWNT, Industrial Grade SWCNTs, MWCNTs, Conducting (Metallic) and Semiconducting SWCNTs, MWCNT Nonwoven Papers, CNT Foam, Special application CNTs.

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Nano Dry Lubricant Powders Tungsten Disulfide (WS2), Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2), Hex-Boron Nitride (hBN), Graphite

Specially formulated Nano Lubricant Additive Powders to improve lubricity and save energy.

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Nano Products Online Store | Nanoproducts, Nanoparticles, Nanopowders ...

Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery; Where are We Now? – AZoNano

Nanoparticles, nanocarriers and nanomaterials are now more commonly known in the science world and by nanotechnology enthusiasts. These words have gained significant backing and have driven this technology to be utilized for applications within other fields, such as drug delivery for advancement and optimization.

Image Credit:Kateryna Kon/Shutterstock.com

Richard Feynman, who is referred to as the father of nanotechnology, is one of the leading theoretical physicists in the world due to his innovative vision of physics and the future. Although the term nanotechnology had not yet been used, the concept of this novel field had been planted and has grown exponentially in recent years. This has included the growth of nanotechnology within drug delivery, such as through nanocarriers.

Nanocarriers can be described as colloidal nanoparticles that are used for transporting therapeutic substances to a target site. These carrier molecules usually include 1-100 nanometers in diameter, which is useful for applications such as drug delivery due to the natural interaction between nanocarriers and biological systems.

These nanoscale carriers have a sustained circulatory presence and drug release, enabling them to overcome many challenges in conventional drug delivery systems. These challenges can include overcoming the endosome-lysosomal mechanism, crossing the blood-brain barrier, and passing barriers that would be difficult for larger drug molecules. Additionally, targeting the areas of concern is also an advantage for using nanocarriers in drug delivery, as the surface of these particles can be functionalized with ligands, enabling these particles to be directed effectively.

This is significant for drug delivery as it can ensure that drugs are being targeted to the areas of concern as opposed to systemic delivery of the drug, which causes all cells to experience side effects of the drug. Directing drugs to target sites is beneficial to minimize toxicity to healthy cells and tissue, which would be especially significant for cancer drugs as these drugs can cause significant damage to healthy tissues and even result in organ failure.

Nanomedicine, including nanocarriers that hold active substances or drugs, require Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval before it can be made available to patients.

This can be challenging due to the FDA approval process being estimated to take approximately 10-15 years, as well as costing $1 billion for every new drug being developed. The reason behind this is to be comprehensive in ensuring new drugs are both effective and safe for use, with pre-clinical stages involving animal studies as well as stages that investigate the most appropriate dose.

Nanomedicines have been scrutinized more than most conventional drugs due to being relatively new, which is demonstrated by trends in FDA-approved nanomedicines. Since the mid-1990s, the average number of nanomedicines that have received FDA approval for specific clinical indications per 5-year period has been approximately 13 drugs.

The highest peak of FDA approvals for nanomedicine has been between 2001 and 2005, and most FDA approvals for nanomedicine as a whole has included liposomal and polymeric nanoparticles, predominantly.

The growth of nanotechnology-based medicine has been estimated to grow exponentially for drug delivery, with a predicted CAGR of 11.6% between 2022 and 2027. The projection for this market has also been estimated to reach 391.5 billion USD by the year 2026.

With a healthy FDA pipeline for nanomedicine products under development, the progression of this field may be remarkably optimistic.

An example of a nanomedicine product under development includes Clenes ALS drug, which utilizes a gold nanocrystal suspension. This drug aims to potentially re-myelinate and has neuroprotective effects to aid the rare neurodegenerative disease, ALS. This disease is characterized by motor neuron death and can rapidly progress, with an average life expectancy of four years after diagnosis.

With other companies such as Amylyx Pharmaceuticals also developing an ALS drug and currently undergoing FDA review, Clene Nanomedicine hopes to learn and fine-tune outcome measures for their clinical trial, RESTORE-ALS, which has recently reported a significant decrease in mortality within this trial.

Nanomedicine drugs such as Clene may find it challenging to gain FDA approval due to testing heterogeneous populations. It can be difficult to measure survival in late-stage clinical trials, which is the case for ALS, because of fast disease progression. These challenges can subsequently affect FDA review; however, with further trialing and time, there is hope that the efficacy of significant drugs can be observed and therefore gain FDA approval.

Nanomedicine holds a significant role in many fields and the advancement of society as a whole, and the natural progression of nanocarriers in drug delivery may be revolutionary for medicine. This is especially true for diseases that may not have a treatment yet, such as neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS.

With this market being predicted to grow exponentially in the foreseeable future, as well as with the development of many nanomedicines within the FDA pipeline, the future of nanomedicine and nanocarriers is very promising.

(2022) ALS: Clene plans 300-patient Phase III trial of CNM-Au8. Clinical Trials Arena. Available at:https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/als-clene-plans-300-patient-phase-iii-trial-of-cnm-au8/.

Bobo, D., et al.(2016) Nanoparticle-Based Medicines: A Review of FDA-Approved Materials and Clinical Trials to Date.Pharmaceutical Research,33, pp. 23732387. doi.org/10.1007/s11095-016-1958-5

Chamundeeswari, M., et al. (2019) Nanocarriers for drug delivery applications.Environmental Chemistry Letters,17, pp. 849865. doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-00841-1

(2022) Clene Reports Significantly Decreased Mortality in RESCUE-ALS Long-Term Open Label Extension Trial. Invest.clene.com.Available at:https://invest.clene.com/PressReleases/news-details/2022/Clene-Reports-Significantly-Decreased-Mortality-in-RESCUE-ALS-Long-Term-Open-Label-Extension-Trial/default.aspx.

ZKAN S, DEDEOLU A, KARADA BAKIRHAN N, ZKAN Y. (2019) Nanocarriers Used Most in Drug Delivery and Drug Release: Nanohydrogel, Chitosan, Graphene, and Solid Lipid.Turkish Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences,16(4), pp. 481-492. doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.48751

'Plenty of room' revisited.(2009)Nature Nanotech,4, p. 781. doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.356

Sabit H., et al. (2022) Nanocarriers: A Reliable Tool for the Delivery of Anticancer Drugs.Pharmaceutics. 14(8), p. 1566. doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081566

Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of the Terms and conditions of use of this website.

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Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery; Where are We Now? - AZoNano

The Use of Nanorobotics in the Treatment Therapy of Cancer and Its Future Aspects: A Review – Cureus

Researchers have emphasised nanotechnology as an outstanding technological trend in the last few decades, and it is characterized by the fast proliferation of electronics for applications in communication, known as nanomedicine, and environmental monitoring. Studies are now being conducted on the scientific bottlenecks that affect the lifespan of the living, particularly humans. Among these constraints are illnesses with few or no alternatives for treatment and healing. A drug delivery system (DDS) refers to an alternative diagnosis and/or therapy that has been shown in the medical fraternity [1,2]. Nanorobots are nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), a recently developed chapter in miniaturisation, similar to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which is already a multibillion-dollar business. Designing, architecting, producing, programming, and implementing such biomedical nanotechnology are all part of nanorobotics and NEMS research. Any scale of robotics includes calculations, commands, actuation and propulsion, power, data-sharing, interface, programming, and coordination. There is heavy stress on actuation, which is a key prerequisite for robotics [1]. The similarity in size of nanorobots to that of organic human cells and organelles brings up a huge variety of its possible uses in the field of health care and environmental monitoring of microorganisms. Other potential uses, such as cell healing, may be possible if nanorobots are tiny enough to reach the cells. Furthermore, it is still to be realised that the tiny sensors and actuators' square measures are necessary for the growing concept of a strongly connected ascending information technology infrastructure; the envision of artificial cells (nanorobots) that patrol the cardiovascular system, thus, detecting and destroying infections in minute quantities. This might be a programmable system with approachable ramifications in medicine, creating a revolutionary replacement from therapy to bar [1]. Chemotherapeutic substances employed in cancer treatment measure disseminates non-specifically throughout the body, where they exert an influence on both malignant and normal cells, restricting the drug quantity feasible within the growth and also resulting in unsatisfactory medication due to excessive toxic hazards of the chemotherapy drugs on normal cells of the body. It is safe to say that molecularly focused medical care has evolved as a collaborative method to overcome the lack of specificity of traditional cancer therapy drugs [3]. With the help of nanotechnology, intercellular aggregation of the drugs in cancer cells can be increased while minimising the risk of unwanted drug toxicity in normal cells by utilising various drug targeting mechanisms [4].

This review article focuses on the recent advancements, technological growth, and expansion in the field of nanorobotics and nanotechnology and its application in the discipline of bio-healthcare systems, principally for the DDS in the medication of cancer. Existing research literature and relevant studies regarding the topic of concern were read and a detailed analysis was undertaken in the indexes of PubMed, Science Direct, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Hardly any language or time constraints were applied. To obtain a detailed search, more articles, synonyms, and derivatives of the phrases were employed; the following evaluation phrases were used: "drug delivery", "cancer", "neoplasms", and "cancer therapy".

Nanorobots are miniaturised machines that have the ability to perform work at par with that of current existing machines, having applications in the aspects of medicine, industry, and other areas like the development of nanomotors employed for the conservation of energy; nanorobots havealso proved to be serviceable inreducing infertility problems by acting as an engine and giving a boost to the sperm motility when attached to them [2]. Organic and inorganic nanorobots are by far the most commonly studied. Organic nanorobots, also known as bio-nanorobots, are created by combining virus and bacterium DNA cells. This type of nanorobot is less harmful to the organism. Diamond structures, synthetic proteins, and other materials are used to make inorganic nanobots, which are more hazardous than organic nanobots. To overcome this hurdle of toxicity, researchers have devised a way involving encapsulating the robot, thusdecreasing its chances of being destructed by the body's self-defence mechanism[5,6]. Scientists can gain an understanding of how to energise micro and nano-sized devices using reactionary processes if they understand the biological motors of live cells [7]. The Chemistry Institute of the Federal Fluminense University created a nano valve, which is made up of a tank covered with a shutter in which dye molecules are housed and may leave in auniform fashion whenever the cover is opened. This gadget is also natural, made of silica (SiO2), beta-cyclodextrins, and organo-metallic molecules, and shall be used in therapeutic applications [1]. Proteins are employed in certain studies to feed nanomotors that can move huge objects, as well as the use of DNA hybridisation and antibody protein in the development of nanorobots. DNA hybridisation is defined as a process by which two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules bond together to form a double-stranded molecule.A nanorobot can be functionalized using a variety of chemical compounds [8]. It has been investigated in nanomedicine in DDS, which operates directly on targeted cells of the human body. Researchers create devices that can administer medications to precise places while simultaneously adjusting the dose and amount of release. This DDS using nanorobots can be used to treat joint disorders, dental problems, diabetes, cancer, hepatitis and other conditions [2,9-12]. One of the benefits of this technology is the potential to diagnose and treat illnesses with minimal impact on normal tissues, minimizing the likelihood of negative effects and guiding healing and remodelling therapy at the cellular and sub-cellular levels [13,14].

New advances in medication delivery have resulted in greater quality in targeted drug delivery that uses nanosensors to detect particular cells and regulate discharges through the use of smart medicines [1]. Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs act by eliminating swiftly replicating cells, which is a primary feature of malignant cells. Most anticancer medications have a limited therapeutic boundary, often resulting in cytotoxicity to normal stem cells that proliferate quickly, such as bone marrow, macrophages, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and hair follicles, causing adverse effects like myelosuppression (lower synthesis of WBCs, producing immunosuppression), mucositis (inflammation of the GIT lining), alopecia (hair loss), organ malfunction, thrombocytopenia/anaemia, and haematological side effects, among other things. Doxorubicin is used to treat numerous forms of cancer, including Hodgkin's disease, when it is combined with other antineoplastic medicines to minimize its toxicity [15,16]. Paclitaxel is a drug that is injected intravenously and is used to treat breast cancer. Some of the significant side effects include bone marrow suppression and progressive neurotoxicity. Cisplatin is an alkylating drug that results in the intra-DNA binding filament. Its negative effects include giddiness and severe vomiting, and it can be nephrotoxic [1]. Camptothecin is applied to treat neoplasiaby inhibiting type 1 topoisomerases, an enzyme required for cellular duplication of genetic information. Numerous initiatives have been launched with the goal of employing nanotechnology to build DDS that can reduce the negative impacts of traditional therapy. On the surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), doxorubicin was layered [17]. Doxorubicin was used in metastatic tumour cells as a polymer prodrug/collagen hybrid. The use of polymeric pro-drug nanotechnology in the therapy of rapidly dividing abnormal cells is a novel advance in the field [18]. Nanotechnology is continually looking for biocompatible materials that may be used as a DDS. The nanoparticle hydroxyapatite (HA), a significant component of bone and teeth, was employed to deliver paclitaxel, an anti-neoplastic medication, and the out-turn implies that therapy should begin with hydrophobic medicines [19]. Various initiatives have been launched with the goal of employing nanotechnology to build DDS, which can reduce the negative influence of traditional chemotherapy. The limitation of conservative chemotherapeutics is that it is unable to target malignant cells exclusively. These above-listed adverse effects often result in a delay in treatment, reduced drug dose or intermittent stopping of the therapy [20]. Given the ability of nanorobots to travel as blood-borne devices, they can aid in crucial therapy procedures such as early diagnostics and smart medication administration [21]. A nanorobot can aid with smart chemotherapy for medication administration and give an efficient early dissolution of cancer by targeting only the neoplastic-specific cells and tissues and preventing the surrounding healthy cells from the toxicity of the chemotherapy drugs so being used. Nanorobots as drug transporter for timely dose administration allow chemical compounds to be kept in the bloodstream for as long as essential, giving expected pharmacokinetic characteristics for chemotherapy in the therapies for anti-cancer as shown in Figure 1 [22-25]. The clinical use of nanorobots for diagnostic, therapy, and surgery can be accomplished by injecting them via an intravenous route. The nanorobots may be getting intravenously injected into the body of the recipient. The chemotherapy pharmacokinetics comprises uptake, metabolism, and excretion, as well as a rest period to allow the body to re-establish itself ahead of the succeeding chemotherapy session. For tiny tumours, patients are often treated in two-week cycles [26]. As a primary time threshold for medical purposes, nanorobots can be used to assess and diagnose the tumour within a short span of time using proteomic-based sensors. The magnetic resonance contrast-agent uptake kinetics of a very small molecular weight can forecast the transport of protein medicines to solid tumours [27]. Testing and diagnostics are critical components of nanorobotics study. It provides speedy testing diagnosis at the initial visit, eliminating the need for a follow-up appointment following the lab result, and illness identification at an earlier stage. The demand for energy for propulsion is a restriction in the usage of nanorobots in vivo. Because small inertia and strong viscous forces are associated with less productivity and less convective motion, higher quantities of energy are required [28]. Drug retention in the tumour will decide the medication's effectiveness after nanorobots pass cellular membranes for targeted administration. Depending on its structure, medication transport pathways from plasma to tissue impact chemotherapy to achieve more effective tumour chemotherapy [27]. According to the latest research, nanotechnology, DNA production of molecular-scale devices with superior control over shape, and site-specific functionalisation assures interesting benefits in the advancement of nanomedicine. However, biological milieu uncertainty and innate immune activation continue to be barriers to in vivo deployment. Thus, the primary benefit of nanorobots for cancer medicine administration is that they reduce chemotherapeutic side effects. The nanorobot design integrates carbon nanotubes and DNA, which are current contenders for the latest types of nanoelectronics, as the optimum method [29]. As a compound bio-sensor with sole-chain antigen-binding proteins, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) is used for building circuits with characteristic sizes in tens of nanometres [30]. For medicament release, this approach employs stimulation elicited upon proteomics and bioelectronics signals. As a result, nanoactuators are engaged to adjust medication delivery whenever the nanorobot detects predetermined modifications in protein gradients [1,31]. Thermal and chemical signal changes are relevant circumstances directly connected to significant medical target identification. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), E-cadherin, and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) are some instances of fluctuating protein aggregation within the body near a medical target under diseased conditions. Furthermore, temperature changes are common in tissues with inflammation [32]. The framework integrates chemical and thermal characteristics as the most essential clinical and therapeutic recommendations for nanorobot template analysis. It also integrates chemical and thermal characteristics as the most essential diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for nanorobot framework evaluation. The simulation in a three-dimensional real-time setting attempts to provide a viable model for nanorobot foraging within the body. One of the breakthroughs describes a hardware structure rooted in nano-bioelectronics for the use of nanorobots in neoplasia therapy [33,34]. The continuous venture in building medical micro-robots has led to the initial conceptual framework research of a full medical nanorobot until now issued in a peer-reviewed publication, "Respirocytes", detailed a theoretical unnatural mechanical red blood cell, or "Respiro-cytes", consisting of 18 billion perfectly ordered architectural atoms proficient in delivering 236 times extra oxygen to the tissues and cells of the body per unit volume than normal red blood cells [35]. Microbivores, or unnatural phagocytes, might monitor the circulation, searching for and eliminating pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. These nanobots may use up to 200 pW continuously. This capability is employed to break down germs that have been entrapped. Microbivores have biological phagocytic defences that are either organic or antibiotic-assisted, and they can operate up to 1,000 times quicker. Even the most serious septicaemic diseases will be eliminated by microbivores within a short span of time. Because virulent microorganisms are entirely digested into harmless sugars and amino acids, which are the nanorobots sole discharge, the nanorobots reject the advanced possibility of sepsis or septic shock [36,37].

To bring in combination the required collaborative skills to produce these unique technologies, numerous conventional streams of science, such as medicine, chemistry, physics, materials science, and biology, have come together to form the expanding field of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has a vast span of possible applications (Figure 2) [39],from improvements to current practices to the creation of entirely new tools and skills. The last few years have observed an exponential increase of interest in the topic of nanotechnology and research, which has led to the identification of novel applications for nanotechnology in medicine and the emergence of an advanced branch called nanomedicine. It includes the science and technology of diagnosing, treating, andpreventing illness, traumatic injury, and alleviating pain; conserving and enhancing human health using nanoscale architectured materials, biotechnology, and genetic engineering; eventually, complex machine systems and nanorobots, known as "nanomedicine" (Figure 3) [40,41].

In vivo diagnostics, nanomedicine might create technologies that can act within the human body to diagnose ailments earlier and identify and measure toxic chemicalsand tumour cells. In the surgical aspect,when launched into the body through the intravenous route or cavities, a surgical nanorobot controlled or led by a human surgeon might work as a semi-autonomous on-site surgeon. An inbuilt computer might manage the device's operations, such as looking for disease and identifying and fixing injury by nanomanipulation while maintaining communication with the supervising surgeon via coded ultrasonic signals [37]. By transforming mechanical energy from bodily movement, muscle stretching, or water flow into electricity, scientists were able to design a new generation of self-sustained implanted medical devices, sensors, and portable gadgets [39]. Nanogenerators generate electricity by bending and then releasing piezoelectric and semiconducting zinc oxide nanowires. Nanowires may be produced on polymer-based films, and the utilization of flexible polymer substrates may one day allow portable gadgets to be powered by their users' movement [39]. Fluorescent biological labelling, medication and gene delivery, pathogen identification, protein sensing, DNAstructure probing, tissue engineering, tumour identification, separation and purification of biological molecules and cells, MRI contrast enhancement, and phagokinetic research are among the uses. The extended duration effect of nanomedicine study is to describe quantitative molecular-scale components called nanomachinery. Accurate command and manipulation of nanomachinery in cells can lead to a more diverse and advanced gain in the interpretation of cellular processes in organic cells, as well as the creation of new technologies for disease detection and medication. The advantage of this research is the formation of a platform technology that will affect nanoscale imaging methodologies aimed to investigate molecular pathways in organic cells [40,42].

The main target of writing this review was to provide an outline of the technological development of nanotechnology in medicine by making a nanorobot and introducing it in the medication of cancer as a new mode of drug delivery. Cancer is described as a collection of diseases characterised by the unregulated development and spread of malignant cells in the body, and the number of people diagnosed every year keeps adding up. Cancer treatment is most likely the driving force behind the creation of nanorobotics; it can be auspiciously treated using existing medical technology and therapeutic instruments, with the major help of nanorobotics. To decide the prognosis and chances of survival in a cancer patient, consider the following factors: better prognosis can be achieved if the evolution of the disease is time-dependent and a timely diagnosis is made. Another important aspect is to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy on the patients by forming efficient targeted drug delivery systems. Programmable nanorobotic devices working at the cellular and molecular level would help doctors to carry out precise treatment. In addition to resolving gross cellular insults caused by non-reversible mechanisms or to the biological tissues stored cryogenically, mechanically reversing the process of atherosclerosis, enhancing the immune system, replacing or re-writing the DNA sequences in cells at will, improving total respiratory capacity, and achieving near-instant homeostasis, medically these nanorobots have been put forward for use in various branches of dentistry, research in pharmaceuticals, and aid and abet clinical diagnosis. When nanomechanics becomes obtainable, the ideal goal of physicians, medical personnel, and every healer throughout known records would be realized. Microscale robots with programmable and controllable nanoscale components produced with nanometre accuracy would enable medical physicians to perform at the cellular and molecular levels to heal and carry out rehabilitating surgeries. Nanomedical doctors of the 21st century will continue to make effective use of the body's inherent therapeutic capacities and homeostatic systems, since, all else being equal, treatments that intervene the least are the best.

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The Use of Nanorobotics in the Treatment Therapy of Cancer and Its Future Aspects: A Review - Cureus

News from the world of education – September 24, 2022 – The Hindu

Information on courses, admissions, contests and other events from schools, colleges and universities

Information on courses, admissions, contests and other events from schools, colleges and universities

Unisys Innovation Programme

Unisys Corporation has opened registrations for the 14th annual Unisys Innovation Programme (UIP), a technical project competition for engineering students across India. Topics will range from Cloud Computing to Quantum Computing, IoT, Multimodal Biometrics, AI/ML, Blockchain and more. To register visit https://utfi.co.in/

Oliveboard offers crash courses

Oliveboard has announced it will offer a crash course for the preliminary and main exams for the IBPS PO clerks, which are scheduled to be held in October and November. It will offer 20 tests for the prelims and 10 tests for the mains apart from live classes and practice sessions. Visit https://www.oliveboard.in/ for details

Test pack for CAT and CLAT

EduCrack is launching Comprehensive Test Pack (CTP) for CAT and CLAT aspirants. These test series can help the students to test, retest their readiness and to check their preparedness and sharpen their skills before the exams. Details at https://educrack.com/

International Teachers Olympiad

Around 40,000 teachers have registered for the International Teachers' Olympiad 2022 being organised by Suraasa. The initiative was launched to give teachers the respect, recognition, and rewards they deserve. The deadline to register is September 30 and registrations are open at https://suraasa.co/AMtv

Webinar on writing personal statement

St. Georges University (SGU) School of Medicine, Grenada, will host a webinar on How to Write a Personal Statement for an International Medical School. The session will be held on September 29, 5.30 p.m. To register visit https://bit.ly/3SsUDb8

Learn Leather Craft online

The Leather Sector Skill Council (LSSC) has launched SCALE Studio Android App for online learning of DIY Leather Craft under the Skill India Mission. Aspiring learners like students at schools and colleges and others can learn the art of making footwear and fashion products by logging into the Design Studio through the app. The learners will be assessed and certified by Leather Sector Skill Council.

Bachelor of Digital Business programme

The University of South Australia (UniSA) has partnered with Accenture in Australia to design a three-year Bachelor of Digital Business undergraduate programme that blends contemporary business subjects such as Economics, Accounting, Law, and Marketing, with expertise in digital technologies including AI, cybersecurity and Cloud platforms. For details, visit https://study.unisa.edu.au/degrees/bachelor-of-digital-business

Bajaj Allianz Life Hackathon

Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance in partnership with upGrad has launched the Bajaj Allianz Life Hackathon, a nation-wide case study competition in which participants will be required to solve a business problem related to data. Winning ideas stand a chance to secure internship opportunities with Bajaj Allianz Life, along with assured cash prizes. For details, visit https://bit.ly/3RYFuyC

Executive Programme in Strategic Finance

The Indian Institute of Management Lucknow invites applications for the fourth cohort of its Executive Programme in Strategic Finance, developed in association with WileyNXT. The programme will begin on October 14. Details at https://bit.ly/3r1uHrK

Sustainability and Innovation Challenge 2022

Learn with Leaders, in partnership with Harvard Undergraduate Clean Energy Group (HUCEG), has announced the second leg of its Sustainability and Innovation Challenge 2022 . The four-week challenge is set to begin on October 8. The goal is to inspire and encourage high school students to tackle issues of sustainability and climate action in their communities. Visit https://bit.ly/3DOj6Un to register.

International StartUp 360 MBA Programme.

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem invites applications for its International StartUp 360 MBA Programme. Admission cycle is rolling.

Eligibility: Applicants must have a Bachelors degree from an institution accredited by the Hebrew University, with a GPA of 3.2 or above, or the equivalent on an Israeli scale (82 or above) along with a minimum GMAT and GRE score. Students are also required to submit an English proficiency level with a minimum TOEFL exam score of 90 and an ILETS score of 7 or above.

Visit https://imba.huji.ac.il/startup for details

The Great Indian Fintech Fellowship Programme

Decentro has launched the second edition of The Great Indian Fintech Fellowship Programme, which is open to young graduates and final-year students. Fellows will receive a monthly grant of 50,000 to convert their idea into workable solutions along with mentorship from Decentro team. Last date to apply is October 10. Register at https://decentro.tech/the-great-indian-fintech-fellowship/

New programmes in Data Science and Artificial Intelligence

Imarticus Learning is launching two new programmes in Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, which includes training in Python, Data Analytics, SQL, Machine Learning, and Tableau, along with a strong focus on career-building skills like resume building, mock interviews, and training sessions with industry professionals. This course is open for students who have completed graduation or post-graduation with a minimum of 50%, and working professionals with up to three years of experience.

At Lexicon MILE

The Lexicon Management Institute of Leadership and Excellence recently hosted Bollywood actor and TV personality, Pankaj Jha, at the Wagholi Campus, for a session on leadership qualities. It also hosted a Leadership Connect event at which speakers were Sanket Bhondve, IAS, Principal Secretary to Nitin Gadkari, Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways; Makarand Shastri, Director, Application Operations, Finserv; and Brigadier Ranbir Bhatia. The institute has also introduced a simulation environment for business learning, in a tie-up with CESIM. The model creates different scenarios and games that enable students to go beyond books and practically live the situations that they may come across.

Workshop on animation and gaming

KL Deemed-to-be University hosted a weeklong workshop on Animation and Gaming. Speakers included producer and director Tammareddy Bharadwaj; Rajiv Chilaka, Founder and CEO, Green Gold Animations; and Srikanth Pottekula, Founder and CEO, Discreet Arts.

Financial Times Masters in Management rankings

Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan's S P Jain Institute of Management and Research (SPJIMR) has been ranked among the top 50 business schools of the world for the third consecutive year and ranked second in India.

NMIMS Mumbai, School of Business Management (NMIMS - SBM), has been ranked amongst the top 100 business schools.

Indian students win Global Citizen Scholarship

The 15th cohort of the Global Citizen Scholarship, provided by Global Indian International School (GIIS) for two years of study in Singapore, has 17 students from India. The students went through an exam and interview process.

Celebrations

The Asia Pacific Institute of Management marked its 27th Foundation Day recently with students, faculty and other employees participating. Santosh Chandra, National General Manager of Jana Small Finance Bank was the chief guest.

Griffins International School, Kharagpur celebrated National Sports Day, which commemorates the birth anniversary of hockey player Major Dhyan Chand, with a medley of events.

Northwestern University School of Professional Studies and Great Learning organised a felicitation ceremony for the first batch of students of the MS in Data Science Programme.

RBK International School, Bhayandar, hosted an International Week Display titled RESFEBER: The restless race of a travellers heart. The week-long celebration celebrated the spirit of oneness and the feeling of belonging to one world.

Hundred students from O.P. Jindal Global University (JGU) will be selected to participate in an Certificate Programme designed exclusively in collaboration with The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, the U.S. The students will be selected on merit from the 12 schools of JGU to study at Whartons Aresty Institute of Executive Education in Summer 2023.

GET SET HACK winners announced

GET SET HACK by RISE: Secure the World with Cryptography, a hackathon hosted by the ThriveDX, and the Andhra Pradesh State Council of Higher Education, saw more than22,000 participants. The top 100 winners bagged prizes that included placement opportunities, internship opportunities and multiple paid scholarships. The first prize went to Sarthank Jain, a fourth-year B.Tech Computer Science student from Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi.

AVV researchers win patents

Dr. Shantikumar V. Nair and Professor Dr Manzoor Koyakutty along with a team of four researchers (Dr. Anusha Ashokan, Dr Ida M Anna, Dr Vijay Harish, Dr. Badrinath Sridharan) from Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham have won a patent in the U.S. and Australia for a novel nanomedicine that holds great promise for early detection and treatment of liver cirrhosis and liver tumour.

Symbiosis School of Online and Digital Learning launched

Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU) has launched Symbiosis School of Online and Digital Learning (SSODL), to further digital education and upskilling in Management, Technology and Humanities through remote learning technology. The new initiative offers a host of Undergraduate and Post-graduate online programmes such as BBA, BSc in Economics, BCA, MBA, MSc in Computer Applications, MSc in Data Sciences, MSc in Economics and MA in Mass Communication. The online degree accorded by SSODL is at par with the regular and offline modes. To know more, visit https://www.ssodl.edu.in/

Ekya School organises run

Ekya School launched its first annual initiative Aryaman 2022: Ekya for a better Bengaluru. Over 1400 participants including from various Bengaluru schools, participated in the 1km, 3km and 5km runs, including students from various schools in Bengaluru. The proceeds from the run will support environmental and development projects in the city.

Unreal Engine courses at EDGE by Pearl Academy

EDGE by Pearl Academy is now an authorised training centre for Unreal Engine and will offer Unreal Engine courses on Virtual Production and on Metaverse Game Design. EDGE courses will be run at Pearl Academys Delhi, Mumbai, and Bengaluru campuses. For more information, visit https://www.pearledge.com/

Stella Maris launches Sustainable Development Students Hub

Stella Maris College, Chennai, launched the Stella Maris Sustainable Development Students Hub (SMSDSH), spearheaded by the Department of Economics. The programme aims to cultivate knowledge sharing, collaboration and capacity-building among students. The SMSDSH was inaugurated by Dr. Sulthan Khalifa Haroon Al Rashid, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Students Program Regional Officer (Asia-Pacific).

LEAD Masterclass with Leander Paes

LEAD hosted an exclusive Masterclass on Leadership and Collaboration with Olympic medallist and legendary tennis player Leander Paes, who shared learnings from his life and career.

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News from the world of education - September 24, 2022 - The Hindu

Apheresis Equipment Market Projected to Reach CAGR of 9.8% Forecast by 2028 – Digital Journal

The comprehensive industry research on Apheresis Equipment Market published by Data Bridge Market research which includes growth analysis, regional marketing, challenges, opportunities, and drivers analyzed in the report. To have best level of market insights and knowhow of the most excellent market opportunities into the specific markets, Apheresis Equipment market research report is an ideal key. This Apheresis Equipment market report encompasses a market data that provides a detailed analysis of the Apheresis Equipment industry and its impact based on applications and different geographical regions. Additionally, this market report also gives a detailed overview about product specification, technology, and product type and production analysis by taking into consideration other major factors such as revenue, cost, and gross margin. The Apheresis Equipment report is presented with full commitment by assuring the best possible service depending upon business requirements.

The apheresis equipment market is expected to witness market growth at a rate of 9.8% in the forecast period. Data Bridge Market Research report on apheresis equipment market provides analysis and insights regarding the various factors expected to be prevalent throughout the forecast period while providing their impacts on the markets growth. The rise in healthcare sector globally is escalating the growth of apheresis equipment market.

Get Access to Sample Report (Including Graphs, Charts & Figures) @ https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/request-a-sample/?dbmr=global-apheresis-equipment-market

Market Outline:

Apheresis is defined as a process in which the blood of a person is passed through equipment where one particular component of blood is centrifuged. The remainder component is send back to the donors circulation. The blood donation the apheresis equipment is utilized for separation and collection of the platelets or plasma while returning of the red blood cells.

The rise in prevalence of chronic diseases across the globe acts as one of the major factors driving the growth of apheresis equipment market. The increase in demand for blood components and growing concerns regarding blood safety, and rise in demand for source plasma from biopharmaceutical companies accelerate the market growth. The growing number of trauma and injury cases and presence of favourable reimbursement for apheresis procedures further influence the market. Additionally, surge inhealthcareexpenditure, rise in levels ofgeriatric population and increase in public funding positively affects the apheresis equipment market. Furthermore, apheresis for leukemia and paediatric patients and increasing investments from government bodies extend profitable opportunity to the market players in the forecast period.

On the other hand, high cost of apheresis devices & therapeutic apheresis procedures and installation and stringent donor recruitment criteria are expected to obstruct the market growth. Issues with recruitment of voluntary non-remunerated donors, and safety of blood transfusion in developing countries are projected to challenge the apheresis equipment market in the forecast period.

Some of the major players operating in the Apheresis Equipment market are

Terumo Medical Corporation, HemaCare, Haemonetics Corporation, Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd, B. Braun Melsungen AG, Cerus Corporation, Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA, KAWASUMI LABORATORIES, INC., KANEKA CORPORATION, Mallinckrodt, and Medica S.p.A., among other domestic and global players. Market share data is available for global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA) and South America separately. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

Access Full 350 Pages Research Study @ https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-apheresis-equipment-market

Highlights of Following Key Factors of Global Apheresis Equipment Market

A detailed description of the companys operations and business divisions

Analysts summarization of the companys business strategy

Progression of key events associated with the company

A list of major products, services and brands of the company

A list of key competitors to the company

A list and contact details of key locations and subsidiaries of the company

The latest financial ratios derived from the annual financial statements published by the company with 5 years history.

Strategic Points Covered in Global Apheresis Equipment Market Table of Content:

Chapter 1:Introduction, the basic information of the Global Apheresis Equipment Market & product overview

Chapter 2:Objective of Study and ResearchScope of the Apheresis Equipment Market

Chapter 3:Apheresis Equipment Market Dynamics- driving growth factors, disruptive forces, Trends and Challenges & Opportunities

Chapter 4:Market Factor Analysis, Apheresis Equipment Market Value Chain, PESTEL & PORTER Model, Market Entropy, Patent/Trademark Analysis

Chapter 5:Player Analysis; Competitive Landscape, Peer Group Analysis of Apheresis Equipment Market, Strategic Group Analysis, Perpetual Mapping, BCG Matrix & Company Profiling

Chapter 6:Displaying Market Revenue Size by Type, application /vertical or end users, other Segments

Chapter 7:To evaluate the market by countries further broken down by countries

Chapter 8:Research Methodology

Chapter 9:Data Source

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Apheresis Equipment Market Projected to Reach CAGR of 9.8% Forecast by 2028 - Digital Journal

Human Reproduction CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology

CBSE NotesCBSE Notes BiologyNCERT Solutions Biology

1. Humans are sexually reproducing and viviparous organisms. There are remarkable differences between the reproductive events and systems in male and female.2. Male reproductive system includes a pair of testes, accessory ducts, glands and the external genitalia.(i) Testes are located outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch called scrotum.Scrotum maintains the low temperature of the testes (2-2.5C lower than the normal body temperature) required for spermatogenesis.(a) Each testis is oval-shape (length 4-5 cm and width 2-3 cm) and covered by a dense covering called tunica albuginea.(b) Internally it is divided into about 250 compartments known as testicular lobules.(c) Each lobule contains 1-3 highly coiled (structural and functional units of testis) called seminiferous tubules in which sperms are produced.(d) Seminiferous tubule is lined on its inside by two types of cells called male germ cells (spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells.(e) Male germ cells undergo meiotic divisions finally leading to sperm formation.(f) Sertoli cells provide nutrition to the germ cells.(g) Interstitial spaces are present in outside regions of seminiferous tubules which contain small blood vessels and interstitial cells or Leydig cells.(h) Leydig cells synthesise and secrete the testicular hormones called androgens.(ii) Male accessory ducts include rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis and vas deferens.(a) The intratesticular duct system starts with tubuli recti, which are short, straight end segments of the seminiferous tubules. These tubules connect the seminiferous tubules to the highly anastomosing, cuboidal epithelium-lined channels called rete testis.(b) From rete testis, 10-25 fine tubules arise called vasa efferentia that leave the testis and open into the epididymis.(c) Epididymis leads to vas deferens that ascends to the abdomen and loops over the urinary bladder.Diagrammatic sectional view of male pelvis showing reproductive systemDiagrammatic view of male reproductive system [part of testis is open to show inner details)Urinary bladder receives a duct from the seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct that runs through the prostate and opens into urethra.(e) Urethra receives the ducts of prostate gland and the bulbourethral gland (Cowpers glands) a little ahead and runs through the penis to its external opening called urethral meatus.(iii) The accessory glands of male reproductive system include(a) A pair of seminal vesicles, a prostate gland and a pair of bulbourethral glands (Cowpers glands).(b) The secretion of all these glands is called seminal plasma.(c) Seminal plasma contains fructose, calcium and some enzymes. It is to provide nutrition to the spermatozoa, while travelling through female reproductive tract.(d) Seminal plasma along with sperms is called semen.(e) Secretion of bulbourethral glands also helps in the lubrication of the penis.(iv) External genitalia is the penis. It is made up of special erectile tissue that helps in erection of the penis. The enlarged tip of the penis is called glans penis. It is covered by a loose fold of skin called foreskin or prepuce.3. Female reproductive system consists of a pair of ovaries, secondary sex organs, external genitalia and mammary glands.(i) Ovaries are primary female sex organs which produce female gametes called ova and secrete the female sex hormones.(a) These are located one on each side of the lower abdomen.(b) It is almond-shaped, 2-4 cm in length, 1.5 cm in width.(c) It is connected to the pelvic wall and uterus by ligaments.(d) Each ovary is covered by a thin epithelium which encloses the ovarian stroma.(e) Stroma is divided into two regions, i.e. peripheral cortex and inner medulla.(ii) The female accessory ducts constitute oviducts (Fallopian tubes), uterus and vagina.(iii) Each Fallopian tube is about 10-12 cm long and extends from the periphery of each ovary to the uterus.(a) The part of oviduct closer to the ovary is funnel-shaped infundibulum.(b) The edges of infundibulum possess finger-like projections called fimbriae, which help in collection of the ovum after ovulation.(c) Infundibulum leads to a wider part of the oviduct called ampulla.(d) Isthmus is the last part of the oviduct, which has a narrow lumen and it joins the uterus.(iv) Uterus or womb is a pear-shaped muscular organ. It is attached to the pelvic wall and supported by ligaments.(a) Wall of the uterus has three layers of tissue.(b) Perimetrium is the outermost thin membranous layer, myometrium is the middle thick layer of smooth muscles and endometrium is the innermost glandular layer which lines the uterine cavity.(c) Uterus opens into the vagina through a narrow cervix, its cavity is called cervical canal, which along with vagina forms birth canal.(d) Endometrium layer undergoes cyclic changes during menstrual cycle.(e) Smooth muscles in myometrium contract during parturition to deliver the baby.(v) Vagina is a muscular tube-like structure that opens to the outside. It receives spermatozoa during insemination and serve as birth canal.(vi) Female external genitalia include mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris and hymen.(a) Mons pubis is a cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair.(b) Labia majora are fleshy folds of tissue which extend down from the mons pubis and surround the vaginal opening.(c) Labia minora are paired folds of tissue under the labia majora.(d) Hymen is a membrane that covers the opening of vagina partially. It gets ruptured during vigorous physical activities or during the first coitus.(e) Clitoris is a tiny finger-like structure, which lies at the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening.(vii) Mammary glands (breasts) are paired structures that contain glandular tissue and variable amount of fat.(a) Glandular tissue of each mammary gland is divided into 15-20 mammary lobes containing the cluster of cells called alveoli.(b) The cells of alveoli secrete milk, which is stored in the cavities (lumen) of alveoli.(c) Alveoli open into mammary tubules. The tubules of each lobe join to form a mammary duct.(d) Several mammary ducts join to form a wider mammary ampulla, which is connected to lactiferous duct through which milk is sucked out.

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Human Reproduction CBSE Notes for Class 12 Biology

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 – Human Reproduction – BYJUS

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 Human Reproduction is framed by subject experts and comprises detailed answers for reference. All the questions given in the exercises from the textbook are answered here. Students can refer to these answers to prepare for the board examinations. The answers provided in the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 are beneficial to enhance conceptual knowledge.

Chapter 3 Human Reproduction of Class 12 Biology is formulated according to the CBSE Syllabus for 2022-23. Solutions provided are solved skillfully with the use of student-friendly terminologies simultaneously aligning with the standards that are to be followed for solving the NCERT Solutions for Class 12. Practising these solutions can prove to be extremely beneficial not only from the board examination point of view, but can also help Class 12 students to outperform in the upcoming competitive examinations.

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks:

(a) Humans reproduce _____________ (asexually/sexually)

(b) Humans are _____________ (oviparous, viviparous, ovoviviparous)

(c) Fertilisation is _____________ in humans (external/internal)

(d) Male and female gametes are _____________ (diploid/haploid)

(e) Zygote is _____________ (diploid/haploid)

(f) The process of release of ovum from a mature follicle is called _____________

(g) Ovulation is induced by a hormone called _____________

(h) The fusion of male and female gametes is called _____________

(i) Fertilisation takes place in _____________

(j) Zygote divides to form _____________which is implanted in uterus.

(k) The structure which provides vascular connection between foetus and uterus is called _______

Solution:

(a) Humans reproduce sexually.

(b) Humans are viviparous.

(c) Fertilisation is internal in humans

(d) Male and female gametes are haploid

(e) Zygote is diploid

(f) The process of release of ovum from a mature follicle is called ovulation

(g) Ovulation is induced by a hormone called luteinizing hormone (LH)

(h) The fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilization

(i) Fertilisation takes place in ampulla of oviduct

(j) Zygote divides to form blastocyst which is implanted in uterus.

(k) The structure which provides vascular connection between foetus and uterus is called placenta

2. Draw a labelled diagram of male reproductive system.

Solution:

The diagram of male reproductive system is as follows:

3. Draw a labelled diagram of female reproductive system.

Solution:

The diagram of female reproductive system is as follows:

4. Write two major functions each of testis and ovary.

Solution:

Two major functions of each are as follows:

Testis:

Ovary:

5. Describe the structure of a seminiferous tubule.

Solution:

Structure of seminiferous tubules:

6. What is spermatogenesis? Briefly describe the process of spermatogenesis.

Solution:

The phenomena of sperm production from the immature germ cell in males is termed as spermatogenesis. The process occurs in the seminiferous tubules located inside the testes. In this process, a diploid male germ cell or spermatogonium enlarges (in size) for the formation of a diploid primary spermatocyte which inturn goes through the first meiotic division or meiosis I. This division is a reductional division for the formation of two equal haploid secondary spermatocytes, each of which further undergoes second meiotic division or meiosis II for the formation of two equal haploid spermatids.

Subsequently, four haploid spermatids are formed from a diploid spermatogonium. The spermatids hence produced alter to form spermatozoa(sperm) through the process of spermiogenesis.

7. Name the hormones involved in regulation of spermatogenesis.

Solution:

Some hormones involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis are as listed below:

8. Define spermiogenesis and spermiation.

Solution:

Spermiogenesis It is the phenomena of transformation of non-motile spermatids to mature, motile spermatozoa.

Spermiation It is the phenomena where mature spermatozoa are released from the Serotoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

9. Draw a labelled diagram of sperm.

Solution:

The diagram of sperm is as below:

10. What are the major components of seminal plasma?

Solution:

The major components of seminal plasma are:

11. What are the major functions of male accessory ducts and glands?

Solution:

The major functions of the male accessory ducts and glands are as follows:

12. What is oogenesis? Give a brief account of oogenesis.

Solution:

Ooogenesis is the phenomena of formation of haploid female gametes known as ova from diploid oogonia in the ovary, Graffian follicles, to be precise. This process is discontinuous which is initiated during the period of foetal development that is terminated only after puberty sets in.

The process of Oogenesis takes place in three phases:

Multiplicative phase

13. Draw a labelled diagram of a section through ovary.

Solution:

The diagram of a section of an ovary is as follows:

14. Draw a labelled diagram of a Graafian follicle.

Solution:

The diagram of a Graafian follicle is as follows:

15. Name the functions of the following:

(a) Corpus luteum (b) Endometrium

(c) Acrosome (d) Sperm tail

(e) Fimbriae

Solution:

The functions are as follows:

(a) Corpus luteum It is formed when the Graafian follicle ruptures. The corpus luteum secretes the hormone progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. When progesterone is secreted in high levels, the secretion of LH and FSH is inhibited which further prevents ovulation. The corpus luteum facilitates the endometrium of the uterus to proliferate and prepare for the process of implantation.

(b) Endometrium as the name suggests, the endometrium is the innermost lining of the uterus comprising glands that undergoes cyclic changes during different stages of the menstrual cycle in order to prepare itself for the embryo-implantation process.

(c) Acrosome The acrosome is located in the anterior section of the head of the sperm, resembling a cap-like structure. It consists of the hyaluronidase enzyme that hydrolyses the outer membrane of the egg which facilitates the sperm to perforate through the egg during fertilization.

(d) Sperm tail the sperm tail makes up for the longest part of the sperm, enabling the movement of the sperm, once it has entered the female reproductive tract.

(e) Fimbriae Towards the ovarian end of the fallopian tube, finger-like projections emerge. These are the Fimbriae which assist in gathering the ovum after the ovulation process. This is facilitated by the beating of the cilia.

16. Identify True/False statements. Correct each false statement to make it true.

(a) Androgens are produced by Sertoli cells. (True/False)

(b) Spermatozoa get nutrition from Sertoli cells. (True/False)

(c) Leydig cells are found in the ovary. (True/False)

(d) Leydig cells synthesise androgens. (True/False)

(e) Oogenesis takes place in corpus luteum. (True/False)

(f) Menstrual cycle ceases during pregnancy. (True/False)

(g) Presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience. (True/False)

Solution:

17. What is menstrual cycle? Which hormones regulate menstrual cycle?

Solution:

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NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 - Human Reproduction - BYJUS