Govt committed to dismantle terror eco-system in Kashmir, says Lt Guv – The Northlines

Srinagar, Oct 18:Jammu and Kashmirs Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha while condemning the killing of a Kashmiri Pandit in Pulwama and two labourers from Uttar Pradesh from Shopian, Tuesday said that those trying to disrupt peace in the UT have committed a big mistake and that they will have to repent and repay with the interest.

My heart goes with the family member of a Kashmiri Pandit killed in Pulwama and two labourers from UP killed in Shopian grenade attack. Those disrupting peace in J&K will have to repent and repay with the interest. The masterminds of Pulwama and Shopian type attacks will be dealt with sternly, LG Sinha said, while addressing the book launch function in Srinagar. The book titledThe Slum Queen was launched at the function. The book has been written by Ruble Nagi, a J&K born writer, settled in Mumbai.

The LG said efforts are continuously being made to misguide people of J&K by those who cant digest peace. Some people who don’t want business to flourish in Kashmir and who don’t want students to study. Hartal days are over and today travel advisories are being lifted by foreign countries. Those not happy with this are trying to disrupt peace here, Sinha said. He said that these anti-peace elements don’t want a common person to live in a peaceful atmosphere and hence continue to play mischief. But they will never succeed, he said

Taking a jibe at those who demanded justice in the backdrop of recent killings, LG Sinha said, I want to ask those shedding crocodile tears over recent killings, who was in power when the Vandhama massacre took place? Who was in power when 26 people were killed in Udhampur and 17 people were killed in Litter Pulwama? Who was ruling J&K when countless massacres of minorities and Muslims took place? the LG asked.

He said that today questions are raised that militancy has increased post article 370 revocation, but the figures portray a different picture. Killings of minorities, civilians and security forces personnel are far less than what it used to be prior to August 2019, the LG said.

I want to assure the people of J&K that we are committed to dismantle the terror eco-system that exited within the system and outside. We are also committed to push last nail in the coffin of militancy in J&K and make this place terror free. The LG said that gone are the days when J&K affairs would run on the directions of neighbouring country. The LG also hailed Rubul Nagi for writing a book that has a potential to transform lives and bring a change in the lives of many women across the country.

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Govt committed to dismantle terror eco-system in Kashmir, says Lt Guv - The Northlines

Microplastic pollution: One of biggest threats to ecosystem – Daily Pioneer

The recent news of microplastics found for the first time in human breast milk through a research in the Universit Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy, raises a serious concern about the ubiquitous presence of microplastics in the environment.

Almost two years back, in 2020, we had news of microplastics found for the first time in the placentas of unborn babies. Most of us think thatnothing is an emergency until we ourselves feel the burn, or see the red lights. But, whether we see it or not, the truth is that the danger of contamination of the human body by the microplastic is a massive danger that is going to affect the mankind for generations to an unimaginable extent.

Plastic waste and microplastic pollution are chocking our planet by e ntering in the entire ecosystem from ocean, to rivers, mountains, cities and villages in animals and humans alike. According to UNEP, an estimated 11 million metric tons of plastic enters the ocean annually, making a massive impact on our environment and the entire eco-system as a whole including our life and livelihood. But the greatest concern today is that of the invisible microplastics-tiny plastic particlesless than five millimeters in diameter, posing biggest danger both in the ocean and on the land. While visible pieces of plastics choke marine habitats like fish, tortoise, sea mammals and birds, microplastics cause more hazardous damage as this is ingested by all types animals and living bodies and ultimately get into human bodies through the food chain.

Another dangerous aspect ofmicroplasticsis that it can also act like a sponge, soaking up other toxins in the water which are also ingestedby all sorts of marine wildlife and accumulate in the food chain.The biggest concern is that there is no way available to remove the microplastics from the ocean and the environment as a whole.According to a study around 73 percent of fish caught at mid-ocean depths in the North-west Atlantic had microplastic in their stomachs.

One of the major sources of microplastic pollution in our oceans, about 35 percent, come only from synthetic textiles. Most of these microplastics enter the sea while washing our textiles and clothing both at home and in the factories, posing a major challenge to the environment. Today, approximately 65% of our textiles are made from synthetic fibres and in the last 30 years synthetic fibreuse by textile industry has increased by more than 500 per cent reaching to almost 80 million tons. There is no doubt that synthetic fibres have brought us a great degree of comfort because of their functional properties and uses in numerous products in the fashion industry. But, as a consequence of large-scale use of synthetic fibre, the industry has become the largest contributor to the microplastics pollution in the ocean today. Fast fashion is said to be the biggest culprits here, because they use low quality materials that can easily shred microplastics during the first few washes. But it is not just about fast fashion, today most our garments viz. home furnishing, upholstery are made of plastic in the name of polyester, nylon, acrylic, spandex and many more. Just washing them can pollute the oceans.

The scale of the problem is huge, and there seems to be no quick solution to it. We need a radical approach if we are really concerned about the planet and people.

International agencies, research institutions, universities and countries are busy doing research and innovation in order to address this ever growing challenge. France has made microplastic filters mandatory to be fitted in all the washing machines both domestic and industrial, from 2023, and the EU is considering a similar rule. The UK has also brought in a similar legislation of making mandatory use of mircoplastic filters in all the washing machines from 2025 to stop the microplastics reaching our water channels, particularly the oceans. But there is an obvious question about what do you do with the filtered microplastics recovered from the washing machines?

While introducing measures, microplastic filters may be a good idea to begin with. But, we must understand that out of 7.5 billion people in the world, more than 5 billion do not have access to a washing machine. In India only around 13 percent of the households do have a washing machine. A vast majority of the people worldwide still washes their clothes by hand. Now the question is how to stop microplastics released through washing clothes by hand? No answers so far.So what do we do then? Therefore, until we find a full proof solution, emphasis should be on the reduction of plastic-based fibre use in the textiles and apparel industry by systematically replacing use of natural fibres. Designers can also play a very critical role in deciding the manufacturing of the fabric made-ups and garments that shred less microplastics during washing or drying. On the consumer side, we can always think of buying less of synthetic-based textiles and apparel, washing our clothes only when necessary and also switching over to natural fibre-based garments. We need urgent measures and if no radical initiatives are taken to reduce microplastics pollution, it will further damage the entire ecosystem, aggravate climate change and lead to genetic disorder of humankind and health hazards beyond imagination.

(Dr Jena is a professor in the area of sustainable fashion at National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) and chairman, Textiles Association of India, Odisha unit, Email:binayajena@gmail.com)

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Samsung R&D Institute Bangalore Wins the National Intellectual Property Award 2021 and 2022, WIPO IP Enterprises Trophy for Being the Top Patent Filer…

Mohan Rao Goli, Chief Technology Officer, SRI-B receiving the award fromMr. Piyush Goyal, Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution and Textiles, Government of India at a ceremony in New Delhi

Samsung R&D Institute Bangalore (SRI-B), Samsungs largest R&D centre outside Korea, has been conferred the National Intellectual Property Award 2021 and 2022 by the Government of India in the category of top public limited company/private limited company for patents filing, grant and commercialization in India: Services Sector.

Additionally, SRI-B also won the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) IP Enterprises Trophy.

The award was presented to SRI-B by Mr. Piyush Goyal, Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution and Textiles, Government of India at a ceremony in New Delhi.

At Samsung, we are honoured to receive this prestigious award from Government of India. It is a recognition of our efforts to upgrade standards in the field of patents and innovation, as well as creating a strong culture of patent filing within our organisation in the areas of Communication Protocols, Visual intelligent Solutions, AI/ML, Internet of Things, Data Intelligence and Services. Samsungs vision is to inspire the world by creating breakthrough innovations, technologies, products and design that enrich peoples lives, said Mohan Rao Goli, Chief Technology Officer, SRI-B.

The Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion (DIPP) of the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India, confers the annual National Intellectual Property Awards to outstanding innovators, organizations, and companies in the field of patents, designs and trademarks every year.

The National Intellectual Property (IP) Awards are conferred every year to recognize and reward the top achievers comprising individuals, institutions, organizations and enterprises, for their IP creations and commercialization, which have contributed towards strengthening IP eco-system in the country and in encouraging creativity and innovation.

So far, SRI-B has filed over 7,500 patents in India and globally. Engineers at SRI-B have filed patents around areas such as multi-camera solutions, 5G, 6G as well as ultra-wideband wireless communications protocol. These patents have been commercialized in Samsung flagship Galaxy smartphones, smartwatches and network equipment, among others.

Over the last few years, SRI-B has embarked on a path to become a patents powerhouse by improving the quality of innovations and developing a patents mindset among its engineers. IN recent years, many young, first time inventors have emerged at SRI-B.

At SRI-B today, nearly 50% of patent filers are first-time inventors and about 27% have less than five years of experience. With this strong patent filing culture, SRI-B has seen a 100% increase in annual patent filings over the last four years while commercialization of patents filed by Samsung has increased by four times in last 3 years, meaning these innovations are ultimately offered in Samsung products. The majority of patents filed are in emerging areas such as 5G, AI, ML, IoT, camera & vision technologies.

SRI-B has a specialized intellectual property team that conducts invention-creation training, advanced inventive step training to help employees understand the idea and process of innovation. Most of the patents have been filed by the young millennials and Gen Z who have just entered the workforce.

To simplify the process for the inventors, SRI-B has also set up an internal portal. This portal is a one-stop-shop for all patent filing information that an engineer requires during the process.

In order to strengthen Industry-Academia connect, Samsung R&D has been working with young innovators across top engineering colleges as part of a popular students engagement program named Samsung PRISM.

Samsung PRISM was started in 2020 and in the last two years, over 4,500 engineering students and 1,000 professors have worked with SRI-B engineers to deliver live projects successfully. In this time, student and professor teams have filed multiple patents along with SRI-B engineers and have published several research papers in cutting edge domains such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and IoT, strengthening Samsungs vision of Powering Digital India.

SRI-B is now expanding this program to 70 engineering colleges in India by 2025, aiming to stimulate the Indian innovation ecosystem and make students industry-ready.

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Samsung R&D Institute Bangalore Wins the National Intellectual Property Award 2021 and 2022, WIPO IP Enterprises Trophy for Being the Top Patent Filer...

Green mountains and lucid water at your doorstep: Chengdu, a park city, unravels new blueprint for Chinese cities – PR Newswire

BEIJING, Oct. 18, 2022 /PRNewswire/ --A news report by China.org.cn on park city Chengdu:

Camping, cycling, mountain-climbing, picnics, frisbee These are some trendy outdoor activities that today's Chinese are keen on. Now, if you come to Chengdu, Sichuan, you can enjoy such outdoor fun almost right at your doorstep that's because the metropolis is building itself into a "park city".

Building a park city requires harmony and cohesion among nature, people and urban development.

Chengdu is famous for its gourmet cuisine, alluring scenery, and the local people's fashionable yet leisurely lifestyle. The city also boasts unique natural endowments: Chengdu sits in the west of the Sichuan Basin and to the east of the Tibetan Plateau; in this city, one can enjoy stunning views of snowy mountains and gasp at the meandering Minjiang river that cuts through the city. These time-honored works of nature have bestowed Chengdu with abundant ecological resources for building itself a park city demonstration zone.

Naturally, we've noticed a deep fusion of parks and urban space in Chengdu in recent years. To date, Chengdu has built over 1,300 parks of various kinds, with greenery coverage reaching 40.3%. What's more notable is that at the start of this year, the greenway of the ecological ring parks was finished. The over-100-kilometer-long green way links over 133 km of ecological parks, and has become a new calling card for the city.

In these parks, leisure and exercise zones keep improving in their functions, enabling people to live a healthier and greener life.

Moreover, before 2035, Chengdu will continue to restore its ecological system and step up efforts to build the Giant Panda National Park; the parks in Chengdu will merge with commercial precincts, during which time the special ecological setting will be a catalyst for building Chengdu into an international hub for consumers. In the meantime, Chengdu will continue to transform its production model to one of green and low-carbon development and create a first-class business environment, to further spur the economic vigor of this park city.

One can say, the efforts of Chengdu are turning people's visions of a park city into reality step by step.

In fact, it's been a longstanding wish for humanity to build beautiful cities. For over a century, the concepts of a forest or garden city, among other city types, have appeared in different parts of the world. But Chengdu, the park city, stands out from the rest: Not only are green spaces designed all over the city, it also pursues integration of natural ecology with people's daily lives and production models, as well as urban culture, thus reconciling human, urban, environmental and industrial factors.

Chengdu's building of the park city demonstration zone reflects efforts to explore transitions for China's mega and super cities. It mirrors a paradigm shift in ideas on urban construction and development adopted by the Chinese government and the Communist Party of China, especially in the recent decade: Placing people at the center, pursuing higher-quality urban development, and providing people with a more premium life enriched by an adequate sense of gain, happiness and security.

Following the blueprint of building a park city, Chengdu has become a city more suitable for people to live and thrive. It also depicts visions for the development of people-oriented and eco-friendly Chinese cities.

China Mosaic

http://chinamosaic.china.com.cn/index.htm

Green mountains and lucid water at your doorstep: Chengdu, a park city, unravels new blueprint for Chinese cities

http://www.china.org.cn/video/2022-10/18/content_78472842.htm

SOURCE china.org.cn

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Green mountains and lucid water at your doorstep: Chengdu, a park city, unravels new blueprint for Chinese cities - PR Newswire

Ericsson presented its 5G and FRMCS solutions at InnoTrans – Ericsson

The InnoTrans event is the leading international trade fair for rail transport technology, which took place fromSept 20 to Sept 23 in Berlin, Germany. It was a huge event with over 2800 vendors showcasing everything you need to source if working with trains, buses, and public transportation, from the bolts, screws, cabling, rail, and fabrics for the seats inside the trains, to ticketing systems. There was even a full trainyard with real trains on show. IT and telecommunications vendors were also present, and Ericsson had a booth focusing on 5G for rail communications.

Of course, we took the S-Bahn from Berlin city to the Messe in Berlin, among the other over 135000 visitors from 131 countries attending the event. We welcomed our current and potential future customers from communication service providers, railway companies, and organizations such as government agencies and eco-system partners to discuss how train passengers and railway operations will benefit from 5G mobile broadband.

Figure 1: Outdoor railyard with trains on display at InnoTrans 2022.

(Photo by Sanne Stijve)

The 5G-based Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) is intended to serve train radio communications, both for voice and data services. It is the successor of GSM-R, the current standard being used mainly in Europe. FRMCS is being coordinated by the International Union of Railways (UIC) and developed jointly with major rail infrastructure companies and suppliers of telecom solutions. It is currently being finalized and will be based on the 5G 3GPP-standard. Hence it will not create a railway-specific cellular network technology.

Mobile network operators can provide 5G connectivity to train passengers and work with railway companies to support them with broadband bandwidth for efficient digitalization of their train operations.

The European Union has defined a prioritized transport network of roads, railways, and waterways infrastructure and is making a funding push to build 5G rail corridors throughout Europe during the next decade. This will enable more sustainable travel for both business and leisure travel, as well as providing more efficient freight transportation. The deployment of 5G for rail is a top priority for the European Union since it advances green transport and helps meet the EU climate goals.

As mentioned, railway companies still rely on 2G communications technology, the GSM-R systems used for rail operations in many countries. Appearing 20 years ago, GSM-R only provides voice and very low data speeds. We are now, as consumers, used to 5G speeds on our smartphones, and governments are starting to build 4G and 5G networks for different government communications systems like nationwide public safety networks. The public transportation sector will also benefit from 5G mobile broadband for metro, regional and mainline railways.

By providing more bandwidth, faster speeds, lower latency, and more secure systems, railway organizations can modernize and digitalize their operations with 5G communications technology.

Figure 2: 5G will provide more efficient and safe operations for train staff, and improved services for passengers.

This means that rail operators can fully digitalize railway operations, support an increasing level of automatic train operations (ATO), leverage on the potential offered by the Internet of Things (IoT), e.g., smart preventive maintenance, and use video for surveillance and obstacle detection along the railway lines. More trains can circulate on the same rail tracks compared to today, and more accurate information and more tailored onboard services can be provided to passengers. It will ultimately improve service quality for travelers and commuters.

At our booth, we were showing a live demonstration of an end-to-end FRMCS network using commercial Ericsson products, including radio access network, 5G Core, IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), and 3rd party application servers and end devices. Mission-critical calls between a cab radio from Funkwerk and a dispatcher from Frequentis over Ericssons mobile network were demonstrated end-to-end (cab radios are located in the train's cockpit and operated by the train driver and the dispatcher is in a command center).

Figure 3: Live end-to-end FRMCS demonstration with Ericsson network, Frequentis dispatcher (left) and Funkwerk cab radio (right).

(Photo by Kati hman)

Today, many railway companies provide Wi-Fi inside the trains for the passengers or install repeaters to improve the coverage of the public mobile operators networks inside the wagons. This, however, has some drawbacks, such as costly maintenance and upgrades of Wi-Fi or repeater equipment and interference of repeated radio signals when opening the train doors. Passenger connectivity could instead be provided by the public mobile operators using their regular commercial 5G networks with extra 5G towers built along the main rail tracks.

By using special 5G-friendly glass in the train windows, the 5G signals will penetrate better through the glass (the regular window glass is coated to reduce sun radiation to heat up the passenger compartments). This way, costly and cumbersome maintenance and upgrades of either Wi-Fi or repeater equipment can be avoided, and mobile operators can serve their customers with their 5G broadband services.

Figure 4: With special train window glass, passengers and train staff can benefit from 5G connectivity inside the train wagons.

In the demonstration at our booth, we could compare the throughput performance of a standard coated glass with a 5G-friendly train window glass from the glass vendor AGC. The demo set-up had a 5G radio cell and a 5G modem where speeds of up to 1 Gbit per second could be demonstrated.

We had excellent coverage in the live demonstration, the downlink throughput was 25%-30% higher with the 5G-friendly glass compared to the standard coated glass. On the uplink, the difference is even a factor of two to four. In more challenging environments in real trains, the difference in performance is expected to be even more significant.

Such speeds can not only be reached in a lab or an exhibition booth but also live in a real train: the Swiss mobile operator Swisscom has reached 1,2 Gbit per second in trains moving at 120 km/h on a test track using 5G cells with 100 MHz carrier bandwidth at 3,5 GHz.

Figure 5: 5G live demonstration of Gigabit connectivity inside train wagons through 5G-friendly glass.

(Photo by Sanne Stijve)

It is expected that in the future, there will be much more automation also in the rail sector, which means among other things more driverless trains. Driverless trains are already used in railway operations today, for example, in recently deployed automated metro lines and freight trains in high-risk zones where the railway companies do not want to send their staff to work.

In the future, it might happen that a driver must remotely take over control of a driverless train to drive it safely to the next station. This could happen in case of bad weather with snow and ice, animals, landslides, or other obstacles on the tracks. And imagine that there could be robotic equipment mounted on the train, or heavy-lifting drones, with tools that can lift or remove obstacles off the track in case of an emergency. These tools could be remotely steered and controlled over 5G by the operations team sitting in an office in another part of the country.

Could 5G really bring these kinds of remote operations services to train staff? The visitors could get a glimpse of this future by testing this themselves at our booth. They could remotely drive a 5G-connected vehicle located in Stockholm from our booth in Berlin. Most drivers managed to drive the imaginary train track without killing our dear Swedish moose or the Indian elephant blocking the route!

Figure 6: Driving a 5G connected vehicle in Stockholm, remotely from Berlin.

(Photo by Kati hman)

There are two ways in which drones can be a useful asset for railways, exploiting their speed and flexibility.

Figure 7: Examples of drone applications for rail, requiring 5G network connectivity.

The first one is to use drones to improve situational awareness, be it for regular patrols (e.g., finding brake shoes or vegetation management) or to quickly evaluate the situation in disaster scenarios (e.g. derailment). With the great advances in visual AI analysis over the last years, this process can be automated to a large extent, which we have also demonstrated in a proof of concept together with Deutsche Bahn in the 5G Connected Mobility project.

The second opportunity to use drones is to extend the broadband coverage and local capacity of terrestrial networks, with drones as deployable cells. Especially in rural, hilly areas, it is challenging to provide sufficient network coverage for all scenarios and in all places around the rail tracks. In such cases, drones can step in dynamically, e.g., during overnight maintenance work or in disaster scenarios, to provide the needed network performance.

We had interesting discussions about these opportunities with many visitors, receiving validation of the use cases, but also an interest in the flexible, complementary role that drones can play in supporting rail operations.

What is the most cost-efficient way to build a 5G network that can cater to both railway operations connectivity, as well as passenger connectivity? And this while meeting the stringent requirements of rail operators in terms of coverage, capacity, and of course, resilience?

The hybrid architecture, combining dedicated network assets for rail and shared network assets from public mobile operators, offers many advantages. Rail companies can have the most critical applications - voice communications and train control and signaling - running on their 5G Core and even their 5G radio base stations. And with this hybrid architecture, they can rely on public mobile operators for:

Using network assets from public mobile operators can only happen if Quality of Service (QoS) is ensured. For that, mechanisms such as Network Slicing or Radio Access Network Sharing can be used. Europes Strategic Deployment Agenda for 5G Railway Corridors has adopted such a hybrid architecture.

Figure 8: Hybrid network deployment model to provide 5G for railways and passengers.

We conducted a successful trial of MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) and Coordinated Multipoint features in radios using the FRMCS 1900 MHz band at Deutsche Bahns test track in Erzgebirge in Germany. The trial demonstrated a dramatic improvement in uplink throughput by implementing these features. Deutsche Bahn and Ericsson jointly published these results at the IEEE Vehicle Technology Conference in Helsinki in June.

At the InnoTrans event, Ericsson was nominated by Deutsche Bahn for their Supplier Award 2022 in the category infrastructure, which comes as important proof that the most prominent rail transport sector stakeholders recognize the value of our mission-critical network solutions. We were nominated among 15 other companies out of over 20000 suppliers to Deutsche Bahn, and we were one of the three nominees out of over 4000 suppliers in the infrastructure category.

We visited Deutsche Bahns Advanced Train Lab, which was actually inside a train, where visitors could walk through the whole length of the train and look at different technology demonstrations. They also showed the FRMCS trial there and 5G-friendly train windows.

Figute 9: Deutsche Bahns Advanced Train Lab train at InnoTrans outdoor railyard.

(Photo by Sanne Stijve)

Overall, it was a very interesting event with many fruitful discussions with people from different companies working with railways. It will be interesting to see how fast Europe will build the full infrastructure for 5G-connected trains. By making train journeys more practical and comfortable for passengers, we will travel more sustainably in the future.

Learn more about FRMCS and 5G for railways

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Ericsson presented its 5G and FRMCS solutions at InnoTrans - Ericsson

Dronedek’s New Partnership with A2Z Drone Delivery Further Expands Global Delivery Ecosystem of the Future – The OGM

Dronedek announces its newest partner in its effort to build a new, autonomous delivery ecosystem that will give consumers a reliable, safe and eco-friendly way to receive and send packages.A2Z Drone Deliveryis the ninth organization this year to join Dronedeks growing network.

For safe and reliable drone delivery to reach scale, carriers must be part of a wider network of supporting elements an ecosystem delivering to devices, like Dronedek smart mailboxes, that can securely receive and store those deliveries, says Dronedeks CEO and Founder Dan OToole.

Weve been very impressed with A2Z Drone Delivery over the last few years, he said. Partnerships like these are key to building the robust infrastructure needed for the future of delivery and commerce.

A 2020 Virginia Tech survey of consumers inChristiansburg, Va., where Alphabets Wing subsidiary conductedthe nations most advanced residential drone delivery trial, revealed that87 percentfavored drone delivery.

The markets are showing that consumers want their orders as fast and cheap as possible, regardless of whos bringing it to them, said OToole. Nothing will be gained if these goods are stolen, damaged, or inaccurately delivered.

Both Dronedek and A2Z Drone Delivery is focused on addressing consumer concerns of security, convenience, and reliability.

As drone delivery becomes part of mainstream logistics operations, it is imperative that service providers prioritize consumer safety in all operations. We are excited that our tethered drone delivery system will be integrated with the Dronedek smart mailbox, said Aaron Zhang, CEO of A2Z Drone Delivery. Our Rapid Delivery System enables payloads to be deposited from altitude, keeping spinning propellers away from people and property, mitigating intrusive rotor noise, and assuaging privacy concerns about drones near private residences.

Dronedek showcased its disruptive technology last August in Lawrence, Ind. The A2Z Drone Delivery tethered system was used to deliver food from local restaurants, including McDonalds and Culvers, and theworlds first deliveries of USPS First-Class mailwere made to Dronedek smart mailboxes.

In addition to improving the experiences for businesses and consumers, a robust delivery ecosystem offers significant environmental and economic impacts. An August 2022 Carnegie-Mellon University study showedautonomous delivery services use 94% less energythan traditional delivery services.The global autonomous last-mile delivery market is expected to grow from $14.13 billion in 2021 to$47.69 billionin 2026, per Research and Markets Autonomous Last Mile Delivery Global Market Report 2022.

Dronedek is one of the first companies in the world to focus on package security for traditional and autonomous delivery methods. Designed to accept drone or robotic delivery, the Dronedek mailbox also accepts traditional First-Class mail delivery and is destined to become an everyday utility service like power or water.

Learn more and invest in the delivery ecosystem of the future atstartengine.com/dronedekor visitwww.dronedek.com.

A2Z Drone Delivery, Inc. develops innovative solutions to enable safe, accurate, and low-noise drone deliveries. Focused on last-mile UAV delivery systems, A2Z Drone Delivery is creating platforms capable of pushing drone delivery into the mainstream of logistics operations. Based in Los Angeles, C.A., A2Z Drone Delivery originated as a drone delivery project at Brown University in 2016 and now serves customers around the world who are leveraging its technology for a diverse array of applications.

For more information visit:https://www.a2zdronedelivery.com/.

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Dronedek's New Partnership with A2Z Drone Delivery Further Expands Global Delivery Ecosystem of the Future - The OGM

Novartis to cut its Irish workforce by up to 25% – Yahoo Finance

DUBLIN (Reuters) - Novartis said on Thursday that it would cut up to 400 jobs in Ireland, or about a quarter of its workforce there, as part of a previously announced restructuring programme that will cut 8,000 jobs globally.

The Swiss pharmaceutical giant said in June that the plan targeting savings of at least $1 billion by 2024 would reduce its total workforce of over 100,000 people by around 7.4%.

The changes could potentially impact around 400 staff at its global service centre in Dublin, Novartis said in a statement. It currently employs 1,500 people in Ireland, including 1,000 in the Dublin operation that it said will continue to play a critical role.

"Ireland is an important location for Novartis due to its unique eco-system of highly educated, skilled and adaptable workforce which is critical in the knowledge-intensive, high-science, pharma sector," Novartis AG said.

All of the world's top 10 pharmaceutical companies have operations in Ireland, making the country the fifth largest exporter of pharmaceuticals globally, according to state investment agency IDA Ireland.

Jobs growth among multinationals in Ireland soared to record levels in the first half of 2022, helping push the unemployment rate to a near 21-year low of 4.3% and keeping the economy growing strongly despite inflationary pressures.

(Reporting by Padraic Halpin; editing by Jonathan Oatis)

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Novartis to cut its Irish workforce by up to 25% - Yahoo Finance

Meet the Company Innovating Portable Power Solutions in Africa – Punch Newspapers

EcoFlow to Introduce Home Backup Energy Solutions to Address Power Needs in Nigeria

The ecosystem is the first integrated solution for power generation, storage, and usage

EcoFlow, an eco-friendly energy solutions company will soon introduce its industry-defining portable power stations, smart solar technology, and the worlds first portable home battery with an expandable ecosystem in key West African markets. Since 2017, EcoFlow has provided portable power stations, home backup power, and eco-friendly off-grid solutions in over 100 markets including the US, Japan, China, Australia, and Europe to reinvent the way the world accesses energy.

In July 2021, the EcoFlow Smart Home Ecosystem broke Kickstarters record for the most funded tech project on the crowdfunding platform before being named as one of TIME Magazines 100 best inventions of 2021.

Because power insecurities have become a critical issue for residents and businesses in Nigeria, we are thrilled to introduce EcoFlows thoughtfully designed, smart, and powerful energy solutions that effectively address the power needs of individuals and households around the world to the Nigerian market.

EcoFlow was founded with a mission to empower people and communities through portable, clean, reliable power for lasting impact and by dethroneing the traditional gas generators through innovation.

EcoFlows range of renewable portable power stations offers reliable, quiet, and clean power as an alternative to traditional, outdated sources. The first products from EcoFlows powerful lineups, to be revealed in Nigeria will consist of:

EcoFlow Power Kits

The Power Kit is made up of various modules that youll select depending on your unique needs: Everything hooks up to the Power Hub, which installs in your vehicle, cabin, or wherever you need to run everything. Then, you can add whatever else you require, be it EcoFlow LFP Batteries, the AC/DC Smart Distribution Panel, Power Kit Console offers control over users power consumption and can display charge levels and other flow data directly.

DELTA Pro

With a baseline capacity of 3600Wh that can be expanded up to 25,000Wh and a full suite of power-generation accessories including 400W Solar Panel, Solar Tracker, and Smart Generator, the DELTA Pro ecosystem can power pretty much any device on hand and is essentially home back-up.

With high solar output and an improved efficiency rating of 23%, you can charge your portable power station even faster than before. Each monocrystalline silicon cell is covered with ETFE film, protecting against debris, dirt, and water. With an IP68 waterproof rating, this portable solar panel works safely in all kinds of weather.

400w Solar Panel

Our green technology aims to relieve global users from power insecurities in Africa and around the world. At EcoFlow, we believe that access to power is a fundamental right for every human being and our vision is to put power in peoples hands. Said Joy Wu, Regional Head of LAMEA & APAC at Ecoflow.

EcoFlow was developed by a multidisciplinary group of engineers who combined years of experience and expertise in the battery industry to develop new innovations in portable power solutions.

About EcoFlow

EcoFlow is an eco-friendly energy solutions company. Since its founding in 2017, EcoFlow has Provided peace of mind to customers in over 100 markets through its DELTA and RIVER portable power stations and varied accessories.EcoFlows mission is to reinvent the way the world generates, stores and uses energy through creative,environmentally-conscious innovation.

To learn more about EcoFlow and its range of products that will soon be available in Nigeria, visit: http://www.ecoflow.com

Contact: Jie HUANG, Integrated Marketing Communication, [emailprotected]

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Meet the Company Innovating Portable Power Solutions in Africa - Punch Newspapers

Sterile Medical Packaging Market Size is Expected to Reach Around USD 65 Billion by 2033; Rising Cases of Lifestyle Disorder Disease and…

Research Nester

Key Companies Covered in the Global Sterile Medical Packaging Market Research Report by Research Nester are DuPont de Nemours, Inc., Amcor plc, 3M, West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc., Sonoco Products Company, Placon, Nelipak Corporation, Wipak Group, Tekni-Plex, Inc., BillerudKorsns AB and other key market players.

New York, Oct. 18, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Research Nester has published a detailed market report on Global Sterile Medical Packaging Market for the forecast period, i.e. 2023 2033 which includes the following factors:

Market growth over the forecast period

Detailed regional synopsis

Market segmentation

Growth drivers

Challenges

Key market players and their detailed profiling

Global Sterile Medical Packaging Market Size:

The global sterile medical packaging market garnered a revenue of around USD 45 billion in 2022 and it is expected to garner a revenue of USD 65 billion at the end of 2033. market is growing at a CAGR of ~7% over the forecast period, i.e., 2023 2033. The market growth is primarily propelled by growing lifestyle disorder diseases. People has inclined towards life with less activity, constant work, no exercise and incessant eating of junk which causes them develop lifestyle-disorder related diseases including obesity, arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer and others. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 40 million children of the age 5 or under are living with obesity in 2020. Moreover, Nearly 10% of the population, or 460 million individuals, were estimated to have diabetes in 2019, and that number is expected to rise steadily to 11%, or 700 million people, by 2030. Market growth is also driven by augmentation of healthcare sector. With the rising number of patients all over the world has prompted the expansion of healthcare sector and this expansion was further influenced by onset of COVID-19. The pandemic has drawn more focus in the healthcare sector. The user penetration in healthcare sector was around 14% in 2022 and it is expected to rise to approximately 18% by the end of 2025.

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Global Sterile Medical Packaging Market: Key Takeaways

North America region gains the largest portion of the revenue

Medical equipment segment to dominate the revenue graph

Plastic sub-segment remains prominent in the material segment

Growing Prevalence of Cardiovascular Issues and Healthcare Spending is to Elevate the Market Growth

The global sterile medical packaging market growth is ascribed to higher prevalence of cardiovascular problems. Consumption of foods, high in saturated fats, salt, cholesterol followed by not getting enough physical activity deeply affects cardiovascular system. According to the World Health Organization, every year nearly 18% people are succumbed to death by cardiovascular disease and it is also known as a primary reason for most of the deaths worldwide. Furthermore, market is expected to grow on the account of higher investment in health infrastructure. In 2019, global health spending amounted to 9.83% of GDP, according to data given by the World Bank. This represents an increase from 2017, when global health spending made up 9.77% of the entire GDP.

For more information in the analysis of this report, visit: https://www.researchnester.com/reports/sterile-medical-packaging-market/4285

Global Sterile Medical Packaging Market: Regional Overview

The global sterile medical packaging market is segmented into five major regions including North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa region.

Healthcare Spending and Burden of Chronic Disease is to Boost the Market Growth

The market growth in the North America is to garner the highest revenue by the end of 2033. The regions market growth is attributed to growing expenditure on the healthcare sector in the North America. According to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, national health spending has increased by 9.7% to USD 4.1 trillion (or USD 12,530 per person) in 2020. This represented 19.7% of the national gross domestic product (GDP). The market growth in North America is also influenced by growing burden of chronic disease on the region. In the United States, every 6 in 10 adult had a chronic disease and it is responsible for about 4.1 trillion-dollar expenditure in the region.

Asia Pacifics Market is Expected to Elevate by Rise in Health Expenditure and Cases of Chronic Disease

The market growth in the Asia Pacific region is expected to be propelled by rise in expenditure in the health sector. For instance, by 2030, the health expenditure is to increase by five fold since 2015 which was nearly USD 20 trillion. In Singapore, the elderly healthcare expenditure is anticipated to rise 10 times and to be valued at USD 49 billion in 2030. Moreover, according to the World Bank statistics, the East Asia & Pacifics total health expenditure holds the 6.67% of the total GDP of the region. Apart from this, the rise in number patients living with chronic disease is expected to boost the market growth in the Asia-Pacific region. It is estimated, around 9 million deaths in the region is attributed to chronic disease in Asia.

Get a Sample PDF of Sterile Medical Packaging Market Report@ https://www.researchnester.com/sample-request-4285

The study further incorporates Y-O-Y growth, demand & supply and forecast future opportunity in:

North America (U.S., Canada)

Europe (U.K., Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Hungary, Belgium, Netherlands & Luxembourg, NORDIC [Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark], Poland, Turkey, Russia, Rest of Europe)

Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Rest of Latin America)

Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, Rest of Asia-Pacific)

Middle East and Africa (Israel, GCC [Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman], North Africa, South Africa, Rest of Middle East and Africa).

Global Sterile Medical Packaging Market, Segmentation by Type

Thermoformed Trays

Clamshell

IV Containers & Bags

Sterile Lid

Pouches

Die-Cut Baker Cards

Guided Wire Hoops

Sterile Wraps

Others

Global Sterile Medical Packaging Market, Segmentation by Material

Plastic

Paper

Foil

Non-woven

Foam Sheets

By material, the plastic segment is to garner the highest revenue by the end of 2033. Plastic makes an ideal material to sterile the equipment and restrict contamination. Plastic packaging in medical sector are used in medical dispensers, intravenous bags, serum vials, prescription bottles and other. Most of the single-use medical supplies used in hospitals and clinics are packages in plastics. About 20% of the weight of all pharmaceutical packaging is made up of plastic.

For more insights on the market share of various regions: https://www.researchnester.com/sample-request-4285

Global Sterile Medical Packaging Market, Segmentation by Application

On the basis of application, the medical equipment segment is to generate the highest market revenue by growing at a significant CAGR over the forecast period. The medical equipment segment is ascribed to grow by rising demand of medical equipment for various medical issues which in turn is prompted by rise in number of patient suffering with neurovascular, orthopaedic, cardiovascular issues and others. In 2019, there were around 178 million new fracture cases and 455 million cases of long-term fracture symptoms. Moreover, according to the World Health Organization, nearly 32% of deaths worldwide are caused by cardiovascular diseases. About 85% of these fatalities were attributable to heart attacks and strokes. Additionally, in 2022, there were about 25,000 brand-new cases of brain and nervous system cancer.

Few of the well-known market leaders in the global sterile medical packaging market that are profiled by Research Nester are DuPont de Nemours, Inc., Amcor plc, 3M, West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc., Sonoco Products Company, Placon, Nelipak Corporation, Wipak Group, Tekni-Plex, Inc., BillerudKorsns AB and others.

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Recent Developments in the Global Sterile Medical Packaging Market

September 2021, DuPont de Nemours, Inc. announced the partnership with Technipaq Partners and recycling partner Freepoint Eco-Systems. This partnership aims to accelerate the recycling and sustainable efforts of the company. All three companies merge to design a waste free healthcare packaging manufacturing environment.

June 2021, Amcor Group GmbH announced the launch of ACT2100, its a heat seal coating healthcare packaging for medical grade DuPont Tyvek 2 and paper packaging application. This advanced coating technology has designed to amplify the performance characteristics for healthcare applications. The product is to be delivered in different location across the world, in order to provide facilitation to the customer to access the products from their nearest location for the manufacturing and packaging of their devices.

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About Research Nester

Research Nester is a one-stop service provider with a client base in more than 50 countries, leading in strategic market research and consulting with an unbiased and unparalleled approach towards helping global industrial players, conglomerates and executives for their future investment while avoiding forthcoming uncertainties. With an out-of-the-box mindset to produce statistical and analytical market research reports, we provide strategic consulting so that our clients can make wise business decisions with clarity while strategizing and planning for their forthcoming needs and succeed in achieving their future endeavors. We believe every business can expand to its new horizon, provided a right guidance at a right time is available through strategic minds.

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Sterile Medical Packaging Market Size is Expected to Reach Around USD 65 Billion by 2033; Rising Cases of Lifestyle Disorder Disease and...

UK Govt ignoring needs of science sector argues report from Reading’s Ridge and Partners – The Business Magazine

The South East risks an exodus of some of its most promising science and technology businesses, according to a new research report. The findings also said companies are struggling to fill positions in the science sector as a direct consequence of government policy.

The report from Ridge and Partners suggests almost one in six respondents (16%) have firm plans to relocate overseas in the next three years, with all the companies studied in the South East stating they have considered it.

Building a Future for Science and Technology, by Ridge and Partners, the Reading-based,multi-discipline property and construction consultancy, blames government and their policies, which they suggest show a lack of understanding of the sectors needs.

The report points to the governments limit on employing overseas talent as a key example. Ridge and partners state the policy adversely affects 27% of the companies interviewed.

A total of 103 science and technology companies were studied for the Ridge report. They cited problems at a local level as well as at national. Local issues raised included opportunities for local authorities, city planners, and science parks in places such as Reading, other key findings of the report included:

These issues are impacting on recruitment and growth added Liz Sparrow,Partner, Science and Tech Lead at Ridge and Partners,she continued: "Over two-thirds (68 per cent) of firms in the South East are struggling to fill crucial support roles such as lab technicians and admin staff, who in places like Reading are massively affected by local housing costs.

"Two-thirds are also having difficulty filling more senior roles. These issues have become so pronounced that 33% report they need to be nearer a larger pool of talent. For many, that may involve moving overseas."

Read more - Solent 250 Listing for 2022 launches

Liz Sparrow added: Theres no lack of ambition or opportunity for growth within the science and tech communities. Indeed, the companies we studied expect to grow by 52% over the next three years. But they need to be in the right environments to grow in this way that means places with the right infrastructure, transport links, housing, and premises to attract the partners, suppliers, and talent they need.

Ridges research also highlights how highly dependent small and large science and technology-based businesses are on each other. Thats why 31% want to be located nearer to other science/tech businesses and almost one in four (24%) want to be closer to major academic institutions.30% feel their growth plans are being limited by their lack of available suppliers.Operating in almost a science or tech eco-system makes collaboration and innovation easier and creates a greater magnet for the specialist talent and suppliers the sectors collectively need.

Liz Sparrow, again: Policy makers cannot afford to simply focus on the needs of big players. Diversity in science or tech community clusters - be this in terms of company size or typology is key if all are to thrive. Every company which exits these diverse eco-systems and relocates overseas, or simply fails to thrive, weakens things for everyone else. To protect one we must plan for all.

No single body can do this. Joined-up thinking is needed between the public and private sectors, between the UKs government, its cities, regions, and science parks. Collaboration is key if were to create and keep the UKs tech/science powerhouses.

TheBuilding a Future for Science and Technology Reportis free to download.

Read more - Finalists announced for Thames Valley Property Awards 2022

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UK Govt ignoring needs of science sector argues report from Reading's Ridge and Partners - The Business Magazine

Will surpass last year India looks at highest defence exports this fiscal, as DefExpo starts – ThePrint

Gandhinagar: India is looking at its highest-ever defence exports this fiscal with sales touching Rs 8,000 crore in the first six months, as the Narendra Modi government tries to shed its import dependence in the critical sector.

We have managed to do defence exports worth Rs 8,000 crore this year and we will surpass what we did last year, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh said on the sidelines of the DefExpo 2022, meant exclusively for Indian companies or the Indian arm of foreign Original Equipment Manufacturer, that kicked off in Gujarats Gandhinagar Tuesday.

Indias defence exports had touched a recordRs 13,000 crorein the 2021-2022 fiscal, which was nearly eight times of what it was in 2014.

In 2020, the Narendra Modi government had set a target ofRs 35,000 crore($5 billion) export in aerospace, and defence goods and services for the next five years. This is part of the turnover of Rs 1.75 lakh crore ($ 25 billion) in defence manufacturing by 2025 that the government is aiming to achieve.

It has been a transformative journey from being the biggest importer of defence to now being an exporter. India is now among the top 25 defence exporters in the world, Singh said, while addressing the media.

Also read:IAF to increase Sukhois armed with BrahMos supersonic cruise missile with over 500km-range

Exports are one of the prime objectives for the five-day DefExpo, during which two separate conclaves India-Africa Defence Dialogue (IADD) and Indian Ocean Region plus (IOR+) will be held.

More than 53 African countries have been invited for IADD and 44 for the IOR+ conclave which will be chaired by Singh.

IADD and IOR+ Conclave will be two very important events for promoting peace, security, prosperity and defence cooperation throughout the region and establishing new defence and industrial partnerships, Singh said.

Spread over one lakh square metres (sqm) (the previous edition was held over 76,000 sqm) and with a record registration of 1,340 companies, DefExpo 2022 is the biggest defence exhibition till date.

At least 75 countries will be participating in the exhibition.

Defence Ministry officials said that 451 partnerships in terms of MoUs, transfer of technology agreements and product launches, are expected during DefExpo 2022, which is almost double than the last edition.

Sources in the defence establishment also said that India has identified indigenous small arms, Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launchers, weapons locating radars, Tejas fighter aircraft, light combat helicopters and BrahMos missiles as the big defence potential items besides unmanned aerial vehicles for surveillance.

While India has traditionally stayed away from pushing defence exports, the Modi government sees this as a tool to push a bigger defence eco-system in the country.

Exports are the only way. Indian armed forces can only buy a limited number. For companies to invest and manufacture, they will need a bigger market than just Indias and hence the government is trying to push exports, a source explained.

Amidst the ongoing tensions with its rival Azerbaijan, Armenia entered into a government-to-government contract with India last month for the procurement of the Pinaka systems besides rockets and ammunition.

India had also struck a deal earlier this year for the BrahMos missiles with the Philippines and is looking at a possible sale of Tejas to Egypt and Malaysia.

(Edited by Poulomi Banerjee)

Also read: Why the famed Russian Air Force failed in Ukraine and the vital lessons IAF can draw from it

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Will surpass last year India looks at highest defence exports this fiscal, as DefExpo starts - ThePrint

The support system for Indian chefs to excel on a world stage is lacking: chef Vivek Saggar – ETHospitality

Chef Vivek Saggar, the honorary secretary of the Indian Culinary Forum, and the head of the Skill Competitions & Industry Connect at Tourism & Hospitality Skill Council, talks about the gaps in the support system that dissuade Indian chefs from participating in International competitions. Chef Vivek Saggar, the honorary secretary of the Indian Culinary Forum, and the head of the Skill Competitions & Industry Connect at Tourism & Hospitality Skill Council, in an exclusive interaction, picks up gaps in the support system that dissuade Indian chefs from participating in international competitions.

As someone who has been involved with annual chef competitions and chef awards organised by the Indian Culinary Forum (ICF), an association of professional chefs in Northern India, uninterruptedly for nearly two decades now, and also one who has been associated closely with the organisation of WorldSkills India rounds, who better than Saggar can talk about the skill eco-system especially in the hospitality sector?

As the honorary secretary of the ICF, he feels that while the interest to participate in the trade competitions and win medals and recognitions has been growing year on year, these competitions have a long way to go to become truly international in terms of its overall organisation and quality.

Saggar said that International exposure is important for Indian chefs to understand the level of competition and gain confidence. This requires support from the private sector as well as the government in a big way.

As far as WorldSkills competitions are concerned, the ministry of skill development and entrepreneurship is taking care of the entire funding and support system. But for other international competitions, there is hardly any support system available as of now, he says.

Apart from the travel and other expenses, one has to carry everything from here, he says. Its CDPs and Commis who go for these events. They lack the financial bandwidth to afford such expenses, he says, recollecting the challenges the Culinary Forum faced while sending participants for competitions in Malaysia in 2016 and 2018.

In many countries, the trade associations subsidise some part of the expenses, as well as help contestants find sponsors from the industry for them. Unfortunately, in India, such support is hard to come by, he says.

We are not even able to invite international participants for chef competitions here in India because of lack of support, he said. Even hotels hesitate to support subsidised rooms for them or kitchen space for preparations and trials,etc., he laments.

To overcome the paucity of WACS certified Judges in India, ICF will be conducting a seminar-cum-workshop for interested chefs in Delhi in December, he said. The forum has asked WorldChefs to nominate a chef to conduct the workshop, he said.

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The support system for Indian chefs to excel on a world stage is lacking: chef Vivek Saggar - ETHospitality

Naveen invites top industries to be part of Odishas growth – The New Indian Express

By Express News Service

BHUBANESWAR: Invitingtop industry leaders to be partners in Odishas phenomenal growth story, Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik on Monday said the State is witnessing a new era of industrialisation propelled by advancements in technology and a philosophy of sustainability.

Exhorting the top business captains at the investors meet at Hyderabad to come to Odisha and explore the opportunities, the Chief Minister said the States abundant natural resources, skilled manpower, progressive policies and strong result oriented governance provides a unique eco-system. A collaborative effort between the government, industry and people is needed to ensure consistent growth, he said.

The Chief Minister said the two-decade-old stable government in the State, its position in the ease of doing business and competitive cost, impact of investment facilitation, best incentives and highly skilled human resources have helped Odisha achieve a distinct competitive advantage over others.

Stating that Odisha is fast emerging as a major industrial destination in the country because of its natural resources advantage and strategic location, he said it is one of the fastest growing economies in India and has consistently grown above the national average in the last decade-and-a-half.

The Chief Minister also talked about establishment of Odisha start-up hub in Bhubaneswar to provide a world class incubation and co-working facility to State based start-ups and creation of Odisha Innovation Fund. Besides, the State has also developed various industrial parks and regions to provide best-in-class facilitation to investors across sectors.

He said the Make-In-Odisha conclave will provide a platform for industry leaders from across the world to discuss a roadmap for industrial development in the coming years. A humble beginning was made in 2016, which saw a footfall of 18,500 and received over 120 investment intents valued at over Rs 2 lakh crore. In 2018, we hosted the second edition which raised the bar even higher receiving an influx of 45,000 visitors and investments worth over Rs 4 lakh crore, he added.

The Chief Minister had one-on-one interactions with several senior industrialists across sectors to discuss their plans for Odisha. He personally invited them to the Make in Odisha Conclave-2022. During the discussions, the Chief Minister highlighted the major pro-business reforms undertaken by his government.The industry captains included Rajiv Kumar, managing director of Microsoft India, Dr Krishna Ella, chairman of Bharat Biotech, PS Reddy, chairman-cum-managing director of CtrlSDatacenter, N Venkatram, managing director of Deloitte India, YR Nagaraja, managing director of Ramky Group and N V Ramana, CMD of Neptunus Ship Builders and Recyclers.

The State government in collaboration with FICCI - the national industry partner for Make in Odisha Conclave22, hosted the Odisha Investors Meet at Hyderabad which witnessed about 40 government to business meetings with participation of 450 delegates. The third edition of Make-in-Odisha Conclave will be held in Bhubaneswar from November 30 to December 4, 2022.

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Naveen invites top industries to be part of Odishas growth - The New Indian Express

Europe Nanotechnology Market Outlook Report 2022-2027: Lucrative Opportunities for Industry Participants to Tap the Fast-Growing Market – PR Newswire

DUBLIN, Oct. 13, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Europe Nanotechnology Market Outlook 2027" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

Europe nanotechnology market is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 14% during the forecasted period of 2022-2027.

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing technology with potential applications in many sectors of the European economy, namely healthcare, electronics, energy, transportation, among others. The technology is revolutionizing majorly every industry, while tremendously attracting worldwide attention.

Thus, there lies a great opportunity for industry participants to tap the fast-growing market, which would garner huge revenue on the back of commercialization of the technology.

Till 2021, the Europe nanotechnology market has shown impressive growth owing to factors, like increase in government and private sector funding for R&D, partnerships & strategic alliances between countries, and increase in demand for smaller and more powerful devices at affordable prices.

At present, the healthcare industry is one of the largest sectors in Europe where nanotechnology has made major breakthrough with its application for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases like cancer, heart ailments, diabetes, etc. Further, significant developments are also being done in other sectors like electronics, environment, and energy.

In this report, the analysts have studied the nanotechnology market on segment basis (by type, by application and by region), so as to provide an insight on the current market scenario as well as forecasts of the aforementioned segments till 2027. The report provides an in-depth analysis of all the major segments, taking into account the major developments taking place in the European Countries in the respective segments that will further boost the growth of the Europe nanotechnology market.

Further, the application section covers the use of nanotechnology in electronics, energy, healthcare, environment and transportation sectors; while the component section covers the segregation of nanotechnology market into nanomaterials, nanotools, and nanodevices.

Additionally, the report covers the country-level analysis of 5 major countries including Germany, France, Switzerland, UK, and Spain in terms of R&D, nanotechnology patent analysis, funding and regulations, to provide an in-depth understanding about the investments and recent research & developments done in the field of nanotechnology.

Besides, the report covers the profiles of key players like ASML, STMicroelectronics, Bruker Nano Analytics, etc. with business summary, and recent activities, providing a comprehensive outlook of the Europe nanotechnology industry.

Overall, the report provides all the pre-requisite information for clients looking to venture in the industry, and facilitate them to formulate schemes while going for an investment/partnership in the industry.

Key Topics Covered:

1. Analyst View

2. Research Methodology

3. Nanotechnology - An Introduction

4. Global Nanotechnology Market Outlook 20274.1 Market Segmentation4.1.1 By Type4.1.2 By Region

5. Europe Nanotechnology Industry Dynamics5.1 Key Market Trends and Developments5.1.1 Phoenix: Europe Wide Nanopharmaceuticals Infrastructure5.1.2 Stronger Materials/Higher Strength Composites5.1.3 Large Scale 3D Printing with Nanoscale Control5.1.4 Nanolithography5.1.5 Diagnosis & Treatment of Cancer5.2 Threats5.2.1 Nanotoxicity and biosafety of nanomaterials5.2.2 Safety issues in the use of nanotechnology in weaponry5.2.3 Environmental Impacts5.2.4 Misuse and moral disputes of nanotechnology

6. Europe Nanotechnology Market Outlook to 20276.1 Market Segmentation6.1.1 By Type6.1.2 By Application6.1.3 By Country

7. Europe Nanotechnology Market Outlook 2027, By Type7.1 Nanomaterials7.2 Nanotools7.3 Nanodevices

8. Europe Nanotechnology Market Outlook 2027, By Application8.1 Healthcare8.2 Electronics8.3 Environment8.4 Energy8.5 Transportation

9. Europe Nanotechnology Market Outlook 2027, By Country9.1 Germany9.1.1 Patent Analysis9.1.2 Funding9.1.3 Recent Research & Development9.1.4 Regulations9.2 France9.2.1 Patent Analysis9.2.2 Funding9.2.3 Recent Research & Development9.2.4 Regulations9.3 United Kingdom9.3.1 Patent Analysis9.3.2 Funding9.3.3 Recent Research & Development9.3.4 Regulations9.4 Switzerland9.4.1 Patent Analysis9.4.2 Funding9.4.3 Recent Research & Development9.4.4 Regulations9.5 Spain9.5.1 Patent Analysis9.5.2 Funding9.5.3 Recent Research & Development9.5.4 Regulations

10. Europe Nanotechnology Regulatory Environment

11. Europe Nanotechnology Patent Analysis

12. Competitive Landscape12.1 Top Nanotechnology Startups In Europe12.2 Company Profile12.2.1 Ablynx12.2.2 Bruker Nano GmbH12.2.3 ASML Holding12.2.4 Covestro AG12.2.5 STMicroelectronics12.2.6 Evonik Industries AG12.2.7 Arkema S.A.12.2.8 IMEC12.2.9 Malvern Panalytical12.2.10 P2i

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/oigdur

Media Contact:Research and MarketsLaura Wood, Senior Manager[emailprotected]For E.S.T Office Hours Call +1-917-300-0470For U.S./CAN Toll Free Call +1-800-526-8630For GMT Office Hours Call +353-1-416-8900U.S. Fax: 646-607-1907Fax (outside U.S.): +353-1-481-1716

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SOURCE Research and Markets

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Europe Nanotechnology Market Outlook Report 2022-2027: Lucrative Opportunities for Industry Participants to Tap the Fast-Growing Market - PR Newswire

Nanotechnology in Medicine: Technology Trends – Medical Device Network

Nanomedicine refers to the area of science that combines nanotechnology with drugs or diagnostic molecules to improve the ability to target specific cells or tissues. These materials are produced on a nanoscale level and are safe to introduce into the body. Applications for nanotechnology in medicine include imaging, diagnosis, or the delivery of drugs that will help medical professionals treat various diseases.

Improving the ability of nanotechnologies to target specific cells or tissues is of great interest to companies producing nanomedicines. This area of research involves attaching nanoparticles onto drugs or liposomes to increase specific localisation. Since different cell types have unique properties, nanotechnology can be used to recognise cells of interest. This allows associated drugs and therapeutics to reach diseased tissue while avoiding healthy cells. While this is a promising area of research, very few nanomedicines exist that successfully utilise nanotechnology in this manner. This is due to ill-defined parameters associated with pairing the correct ratio or combination of nanoparticles with the drug of interest.

The ability to control the release of a drug or therapeutic compound from its associated nanotechnology is gaining a lot of interest from industry. This triggered release, in theory, could be achieved from within the body or from outside the body. Internal mechanisms include changes in the environment of tumours compared to surrounding tissue, while external stimuli includes temperature changes, light, or ultrasound. Currently, research efforts are focused on trying to understand how to release diagnostic molecules and drugs from liposomes with heat, and microbubbles using ultrasound.

In general, there is a lack of understanding about what makes patients different from each other in terms of why drugs lack ubiquitous efficacy. This extends to why nanotechnologies are not always able to improve the therapeutic output of drugs for every patient. It will be important to understand how nanomedicines behave when encountering different physiological characteristics of patients and their disease states.

This is an edited extract from the Nanotechnology in Medicine Thematic Research report produced by GlobalData Thematic Research.

Medical Adhesives for Medical Device Manufacturers

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Nanotechnology in Medicine: Technology Trends - Medical Device Network

First experimental observation of an elusive stacking order in tetralayer graphene – Nanowerk

Oct 18, 2022(Nanowerk News) Using advanced spectroscopic techniques, researchers from RWTH Aachen University have been able to observe for the first-time domains of tetralayer graphene with ABCB stacking.The results have been reported in ACS Nano ("Experimental Observation of ABCB Stacked Tetralayer Graphene").s-SNOM imaging of different stacking domains in tetralayer graphene. The highlighted domain and schematics on the right correspond to ABCB stacking. (Image: RWTH Aachen University)According to theory, there are three inequivalent ways of stacking four layers of graphene on top of each other: Bernal stacking (ABAB), which is the most energetically favorable configuration, rhombohedral stacking (ABCA), and a third metastable ordering labeled ABCB. These three crystallographic configurations exhibit remarkably different electronic and optical properties.In particular, ABCB tetralayer graphene is expected to be the thinnest graphene-based band insulator, and to present flat bands around the K points, which makes it a very interesting system for studying correlated states. Until now, however, the ABCB stacking has eluded the experimental observation.The stacking order in few-layer graphene can be determined using different optical techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy or infrared absorption. However, these methods are limited in spatial resolution by diffraction, and are therefore prone to oversee small domains. Thats why we started a collaboration with the group of Prof. Thomas Taubner at RWTH, which has a unique tool for near-field infrared spectroscopy with a resolution down to 20 nm. explains Professor Christoph Stampfer, one of the authors of the paper.The tool is a scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM), which allows to probe the stacking-specific optical conductivity of few layer graphene with sub-diffraction resolution. The measured data agree very well with the theoretical predictions calculated by the group of Prof. Dante Kennes, also at RWTH, allowing to assign unambiguously the ABCB domains. The assignment is further confirmed by measurements of the Raman G, 2D, and M peaks of all three stacking orders, which constitutes a second, independent means of identifying the three different domains.Regarding the abundance and the stability of the ABCB domains, during the work approximately 40000 m2 of tetralayer graphene have been investigated, and only about 2 % of the total area presented ABCB domains the largest approximately 100 m2 in size which can explain why then havent been reported before. On the other hand, the ABCB domains were stable over the course of several weeks at ambient conditions as well as when subjected to SNOM and Raman measurements at moderate laser powers.Even if the ABCB domains are probably not very relevant from the application point of view, they are extremely interesting in terms of fundamental physics, as they can host exotic correlated phases of matter, says Stampfer. Our work represents a convenient starting point for further investigations.

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First experimental observation of an elusive stacking order in tetralayer graphene - Nanowerk

Child poverty across eastern Europe and Central Asia soars by 19 per cent, as Ukraine war and rising inflation drive four million children into…

GENEVA/NEW YORK, 17 October 2022The war in Ukraine and rising inflation have driven an additional four million children across eastern Europe and Central Asia into poverty, a 19 per cent increase since 2021, according to a new UNICEF study published today.

The impact of the war in Ukraine and subsequent economic downturn on child poverty in eastern Europe and Central Asia which features data from 22 countries* across the region - shows that children are bearing the heaviest burden of the economic crisis caused by the war in Ukraine. While children make up 25 per cent of the population, they account for nearly 40 per cent of the additional 10.4 million people experiencing poverty this year.

The Russian Federation accounts for nearly three-quarters of the total increase in the number of children living in poverty due to the Ukraine war and a cost-of-living crisis across the region, with an additional 2.8 million children now living in households below the poverty line. Ukraine is home to half a million additional children living in poverty, the second largest share, followed by Romania, with an additional 110,000 children, the study notes.

Beyond the obvious horrors of war the killing and maiming of children, mass displacement the economic consequences of the war in Ukraine are having a devastating impact on children across eastern Europe and Central Asia, said UNICEF Regional Director for Europe and Central Asia Afshan Khan. Children all over the region are being swept up in this wars terrible wake. If we dont support these children and families now, the steep rise in child poverty will almost certainly result in lost lives, lost learning, and lost futures.

The consequences of child poverty stretch far beyond families living in financial distress. The sharp increase could result in an additional 4,500 children dying before their first birthdays, and learning losses could be equivalent to an additional 117,000 children dropping out of school this year alone, the study notes.

The poorer a family is, the greater the proportion of their income committed to necessities such as food and fuel. When the cost of basic goods soars, the money available to meet other needs such as health care and education falls, the study notes. The subsequent cost-of-living crisis means that the poorest children are even less likely to access essential services, and are more at risk of violence, exploitation and abuse.

For many, childhood poverty lasts a lifetime. One in three children born and raised in poverty will live their adult lives in poverty, leading to an intergenerational cycle of hardship and deprivation, the study notes.

The challenges faced by families living in or on the brink of poverty deepen when governments reduce public expenditure, increase consumption taxes or put in place austerity measures in a limiting effort to boost their economies in the short-term, as this diminishes the reach and quality of support services that families depend on.

The study sets out a framework to help reduce the number of children living in poverty and prevent more families from falling into financial distress:

UNICEF has recently partnered with the EU Commission and several EU countries to pilot the EU Child Guarantee initiative to mitigate the impact of poverty on children and provide them with opportunities to thrive in adulthood. With more children and families now being pushed into poverty, a robust response is warranted across the region.

UNICEF is calling for continued and expanded support to strengthen social protection systems in high- and middle-income countries in eastern Europe and Central Asia; and the prioritization of funding for social protection programmes, including cash assistance programmes for vulnerable children and families.

Austerity measures will hurt children most of all plunging even more children into poverty and making it harder for families who are already struggling, said Khan. We have to protect and expand social support for vulnerable families before the situation gets any worse.

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*including Kosovo, under UNSC Resolution 1244

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Child poverty across eastern Europe and Central Asia soars by 19 per cent, as Ukraine war and rising inflation drive four million children into...

Basic Income Grant: What is the debate about? | GroundUp

What are people saying about the introduction of a Universal Basic Income Guarantee in South Africa? Graphic: Lisa Nelson

The possibility that a Universal Basic Income Guarantee (UBIG) could be introduced in South Africa has sparked a lot of debate over the last two years.

Its advocates say this grant could address our extremely high rates of poverty and ensure that all people have an adequate standard of living. Its detractors say it would bankrupt the country.

In this three-part series from the Institute for Economic Justice (IEJ), we cover the basics of a basic income grant. In our first article, we gave an overview of what a universal basic income guarantee is and what transformative potential it could have.

In this, our second piece, we cover the evolution and current state of the debate in South Africa. Our final piece will focus on how we could finance it.

The idea of a basic income grant (BIG) in South Africa goes back to the late 1990s, when organised labour proposed that the idea should be investigated by the government at the 1998 Presidential Jobs Summit. In 2002, the report of the Taylor Committee of Inquiry into a Comprehensive System of Social Security for South Africa proposed a basic income grant of R100 per person, per month.

But then the debate disappeared for two decades. The recommendations of the Taylor Committee were ignored. The ANC was largely opposed to the UBIG during this period, influenced by concerns about hand-outs and dependency.

As successive governments pushed different growth agendas, there was less political interest in social security as a developmental strategy. It took time for the ineffectiveness of these growth agendas to become clear: massive unemployment persisted, inequality worsened, poverty deepened.

When the Covid pandemic hit, the UBIG debate re-emerged.

The temporary Social Relief of Distress (SRD) grant of R350 a month was introduced by the government as a response to the impact of the pandemic and related lockdowns.

This was the first grant that able-bodied adults between the ages of 18 and 59 could receive. Until then, even though a large proportion of this group had no other income and were shut out of paid work due to South Africas structural unemployment crisis, they were not covered by the social grant system.

Civil society organisations began to call for a permanent UBIG to replace the temporary SRD grant, and the government listened.

In December 2021, a panel of experts commissioned by the Department of Social Development and the International Labour Organisation found that while the SRD grant had provided a lifeline for many, it had not made a sufficient impact on poverty because it was too small. In South Africa, four million households, comprising 11 million people, have income below the food poverty line (FPL), which was R595 per month in 2020.

According to the panel, a BIG introduced at scale, worth at least the FPL, would almost eliminate poverty in South Africa. The panel recommended that the SRD grant should be made permanent, and progressively increased over time. They said that no alternative measures could reasonably address the widespread and urgent income support needs of South Africans.

In January 2022, a coalition of civil society organisations met President Cyril Ramaphosa to argue that the SRD grant should be made into a universal basic income guarantee. They said that it should be increased first to the FPL and then by 2024 to the upper bound poverty line (R1,335 per month in 2021). These proposals were recently supported by a resolution of the ANC Policy Conference in July this year.

But support for a UBIG has not been unanimous.

Opponents of the grant, which include some groups in business and the National Treasury, have variously claimed that it is unaffordable, that its costs would overshadow any benefits, that it is a populist party-political tactic and that it would further a culture of dependency.

Critics of the UBIG say that it will cause the economy to slow down. The Centre for Development and Enterprise (CDE), for instance, argues that while the UBIG will raise beneficiaries consumption, causing a boost to the economy, this will come at the cost of reduced consumption elsewhere.

This argument does not account for the extent to which a UBIG can boost local economies. It is not just increased spending that will result, but it can allow more people to become active participants in the economy, which would grow as a result.

UBIG beneficiaries will spend the money in their local communities, which stimulate these industries and increase tax revenues through increased VAT payments.

Informal sector workers would use a portion of their basic income to invest in self-employment and productive activities.

These types of positive spin-offs can, over time, resolve South Africas pressing challenges such as inequality, unemployment and poverty. This means that the net cost to the government decreases.

The benefits of a UBIG are far greater than the initial cost of its implementation.

The CDE also says that the only reason why a UBIG is now on the national agenda is that the governing party needs to shore up support.

But in a democratic system we should expect parties to pursue policy platforms that they expect to have widespread support, and benefit their constituency. We should also respect voters rights to judge the merits of such policies. The popularity of a policy is by no means an inherent argument against it.

This argument also ignores the pronounced and profound economy-wide impact of the Covid pandemic that led to the introduction of the R350 SRD grant. It also ignores the large number of civil society organisations and social movements that are calling for the adoption of a UBIG.

Another line of attack from UBIG detractors, including the Minister of Finance, is to claim that providing grants will create a cycle of dependency. This argument is not based on evidence.

The evidence of a large number of studies on cash transfers in Africa and other low- and middle-income countries demonstrates that UBIGs make people more productive.

Studies have shown that even meagre basic income support for vulnerable people increases autonomy and enables job-seeking, investment in productive assets, a transition from poor quality and exploitative jobs to more decent work as well as self-employment, small business creation, and womens economic empowerment.

As we mentioned in our previous article, basic income support helps people to join the formal labour market as it gives people money to look for a job.

The reality is, given the chance, people consistently seek ways to increase their economic participation and security.

Concerns about the affordability and sustainability of UBIG proposals have also come from the business lobby. The CDE and Intellidex argue that paying for a UBIG would require income tax increases or taking on debt that South Africa cannot afford. Income tax increases would lead to emigration and other destabilising economic effects, and South Africa already has a high debt-to-GDP (gross domestic product) ratio, they say. CDE and Intellidex argue that tougher taxes on the wealthy would compound the economic problems in South Africa.

They conclude that a UBIG is unaffordable.

But UBIG will act as a stimulus to the economy. Part of the cost associated with it will be recouped by the government through VAT. The remaining net cost can be sustainably financed through progressive taxation.

South Africas income and wealth inequality is a destabilising factor in the economy. Taxing and redistributing income more progressively using a UBIG could shift persistent structural inequality in the economy, as argued by IEJ director Gilad Isaacs in response to the Intellidex report.

This argument has found unusual supporters. In August this year, the historically conservative Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) came out in favour of a UBIG as a safety net, and a more redistributive tax system.

The IEJs analysis suggests that UBIG is achievable in South Africa in the short-term and would carry little risk if it is phased in carefully and responsibly. We have proposed an initial UBIG valued at R624 per month (the food poverty line at September 2021) that would overtime be increased.

In the final part of this introductory series, we will look at how we could finance this.

Vuyisiwe Mahafu is a Budget Policy Intern at the Institute for Economic Justice

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A hydrogen-rich first atmosphere for Mars inferred from clays on its surface – ASU News Now

October 18, 2022

According to new research, Mars may have been born a blue and water-covered world, long before the Earth had even finished forming. The discovery could open a window for scientists on an overlooked chapter in Martian history.

In a recent study published inEarth and Planetary Science Letters, a team of researchers, including several from Arizona State University, found that Marss earliest atmosphere was much denser than today, and primarily composed of molecular hydrogen, very different from the thin, carbon dioxide atmosphere it retains today. Image courtesy Planet Volumes Download Full Image

Even though it is the lightest molecule,hydrogen would have had big implications for Mars earliest climate. Molecular hydrogen, it turns out, is a powerful greenhouse gas.

Its a paradox that so many observations suggest liquid water on early Mars, even though water freezes on present-day Mars, and the ancient sun was 30% dimmer than today, saidSteve Desch, professor of astrophysics in ASU's School of Earth and Space Exploration and one of the team scientists. Traditionally considered greenhouse gases like CO2would freeze on an early Mars. (Hydrogen)in the atmosphere is an unexpected way to stabilize liquid water.

According to the teams calculations, molecular hydrogen is a strong enough greenhouse gas to have allowed very early warm-to-hot water oceans to be stable on the Martian surface for many millions of years, until the hydrogen was gradually lost to space.

To determine the composition of the ancient atmosphere on Mars, team scientists developed the first evolutionary models that include high-temperature processes associated with Mars' formation in a molten state and the formation of the first oceans and atmosphere.These models showed that the main gases emerging from the molten rock would be a mix of molecular hydrogen and water vapor.

The results from the models revealed water vapor in the Martian atmosphere behaved like water vapor in our modern-day Earth's atmosphere: it condensed in the lower atmosphere as clouds, creating a drier upper atmosphere.Molecular hydrogen, by contrast, did not condense anywhere, and was the main constituent of the upper atmosphere of Mars. From there, this light molecule was lost to space.

"This key insight that water vapor condenses and is retained on early Mars whereas molecular hydrogen does not condense and can escape allows the model to be linked directly to measurements made by spacecraft, specifically, the Mars Science Laboratory roverCuriosity," said Kaveh Pahlevan, a research scientist at the SETI Institute and lead author of the study.

The new model has allowed new interpretations of deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) data from Mars samples analyzed in laboratories on Earth and by NASA rovers on Mars.

Hydrogen atoms in molecules can either be normal hydrogen (a nucleus with one proton) or "heavy" hydrogen, called deuterium (a nucleus with one proton and one neutron). The number of deuterium atoms in a sample divided by the number of normal hydrogen atoms is called the deuterium-to-hydrogen, or D/H ratio.

Meteorites from Mars are mostly igneous rocks, basically solidified lavas. They formed when the interior of Mars melted, and the magma ascended toward the surface. The water dissolved in these interior (mantle-derived) samples contain hydrogen with a D/H ratio similar to that of the Earth's oceans, indicating that the two planets started with very similar D/H ratios, and their water came from the same source in the early solar system.

In contrast, when the Mars Science Laboratory measured the isotopes of hydrogen in an ancient 3-billion-year-old clay on the Martian surface, it found a D/H ratio value about three timesthat of Earth's oceans.Therefore, the hydrosphere of Mars the surface water reservoir that reacted with rocks to form these clays must have had a high concentration of deuterium relative to hydrogen. The only plausible way to have this level of deuterium enrichment is to lose most of the hydrogen gas to space: normal hydrogen is lost, but deuterium, being slightly heavier, is not lost as quickly.

The research from this comprehensive model shows that if the Martian atmosphere were dense and hydrogen-rich at the time of its formation, then the surface waters would naturally be enriched in deuterium by a factor of two to three, relative to the interior, which is precisely what the Mars Science Laboratory observed.

This is the first model that naturally reproduces these observations, giving us some confidence that the evolutionary scenario we have described corresponds to the earliest events on Mars, Pahlevan said.

Hydrogen atmospheres may even be favorable for the origin of life. The Stanley-Miller experiments dating back to the middle of the 20thcentury have shown that prebiotic molecules implicated in the origin of life form readily in such hydrogen-rich, "reducing" atmospheres, but not so readily in hydrogen-poor, "oxidizing" atmospheres like those of modern-day Earth or Mars.

The team's research findings imply that early Mars was at least as promising a site for the origin of life as early Earth was, if not more promising long before Earth existed. Earth as we know it did not finish forming until after the moon-forming impact, after tens of millions of years of solar system evolution. Long before that, Mars may have had a thick, hydrogen-rich atmosphere, clement temperatures and a surface covered in blue oceans.

In addition to Desch and Pahlevan, authors of the paper include Lindy Elkins-Tanton and Peter Buseck, both of whom are affiliated with ASU's School of Earth and Space Exploration (Buseck is also affiliated with ASU's School of Molecular Sciences), and Laura Schaefer, who is affiliated with the Department of Geological Sciences at Stanford University.

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A hydrogen-rich first atmosphere for Mars inferred from clays on its surface - ASU News Now

Mars may have been teeming with life until it underwent climate change …

Mars, our planetary neighbor with a similar geologic history, has long been a fascination of Earthlings. Part of that is its proximity to Earth meaning it's the most-visited planet (by robots, at least); and part of that is because of a number of hopeful yet faint signs that perhaps life once existed there. These hopeful signs run the gamut froma flower-shaped rock; tothe presence of tiny electrical storms;to the ever-present possibility that liquid water exists somewhere on the Martian surface or perhaps once did.

"It's possible that life appears regularly in the universe. But the inability of life to maintain habitable conditions on the surface of the planet makes it go extinct very fast. Our experiment takes it even a step farther as it shows that even a very primitive biosphere can have a completely self-destructive effect.""

Yet a new paper in the journal Nature Astronomy has an intriguing premise for the history of life on Mars. We know from geologic evidence that the red planet underwent a significant climate shift in its younger years, one which made it much more arid and less watery. The reason for this climactic shift is not well understood, and the aforementioned paper suggests thatclimate change, caused by gaseous emissions from life on Mars,may have also destroyed.

In a study by French and American researchers, scientists explained that life may have flourished in Martian regoliths (or loose dust and rock on top of a layer of bedrock) because it would have been suffused with salt water and protected from ultraviolet and cosmic radiation. Of course, this would have been roughly 3.7 billion to 4.1 billion years ago, and the life in question would have resembled Earth microbesrather than anything particularly intelligent or sophisticated. Yet these microbes could have flourished to a sufficient degree to consume hydrogen and carbon dioxide, both of which would have existed in troves on Mars at the time and to release methane.

We know this because, on Earth, microbes like that already exist in hydrothermal vents, and they too release methane using a process known as methanogenesis. Because they do so in the ocean, however, little methane gets released into that atmosphere, as it is absorbed somewhat by the ocean water. These hypothetical Martian microbes would not have had that luxury, and the subsequent release of methane may have altered the planet's atmosphere so much that it eventually became hostile to the microbes.

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"The predicted atmospheric composition shift caused by methanogenesis would have triggered a global cooling event, ending potential early warm conditions, compromising surface habitability and forcing the biosphere deep into the Earth crust," the authors write. They add that, for future explorers to test their hypothesis, they should target "lowland sites at low-to-medium altitudes," as these are the regions where life forms that behaved this way would most likely have left traces for humans to someday discover.

The life in question would have resembled Earth microbes rather than anything particularly intelligent or sophisticated.

Humans are well-acquainted with the idea of man-made climate change, for which there is scientific consensus that the emissions of industrial civilization, particularly of carbon dioxide, are slowly altering the temperature of the planet. Yet the idea of simple life, perhaps even single-celled life, altering a planet's atmosphere so much as to change its climate is not far-fetched. Indeed, at multiple points in Earth's history such a thing has transpired. Between 2 billion and 2.4 billion years ago, algae converted so much carbon dioxide into oxygen as to permanently alter the composition of Earth's atmosphere. The Great Oxygenation Event, as it is known, also led to the creation of the protective ozone layer around Earth, which shields land-dwelling life from harmful ultraviolet rays. Both of these events permanently changed the future evolutionary history of life on Earth, as well as the climate.

But while the Great Oxygenation Event rendered Earth more inhabitable for some life and less habitable for others (particularly anaerobic bacteria), the prospect ofMartian life rendering its own planet inhospitable has an eerie similarity to humanity's behavior today. Man-made climate change is expected to cause sea levels to rise, increase the number of pandemics, cause heat wavesand render large areas of the planet uninhabitable, lead to more wildfiresand in other ways destroy Earth life as we know it. The parallels between Earth's current predicament and the one that may have existed on Mars billions of years ago was not lost on the authors of the study.

"The ingredients of life are everywhere in the universe," astrobiologist Boris Sauterey from the Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Suprieure (IBENS) in Paris, France, who led the research, told Space.com. "So it's possible that life appears regularly in the universe. But the inability of life to maintain habitable conditions on the surface of the planet makes it go extinct very fast. Our experiment takes it even a step farther as it shows that even a very primitive biosphere can have a completely self-destructive effect."

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Mars may have been teeming with life until it underwent climate change ...