Jan Garfinkle’s path to running one of the largest VC funds in Michigan – Crain’s Detroit Business

When Jan Garfinkle couldn't get a job at a Michigan venture capital firm, she started her own.

Garfinkle, who grew up in San Francisco, had more than a decade of experience working with startups before moving to Michigan in the early 1990s.

But the venture capital community in the state was exceedingly small at that time, and none of them were hiring.

"I thought, this is crazy," Garfinkle said. "I'm going to start my own venture fund."

Garfinkle's goal was to change health care by starting a venture capital firm that could help with rising health care costs, which were 12 percent of the GDP at that point.

With that mission in mind, Garfinkle founded Arboretum Ventures with Timothy Petersen in 2002 to focus on emerging health care companies in the Midwest.

"I felt that through innovation, we should be able to provide better health care at a lower cost point," Garfinkle said. "The founding principle of Arboretum is investing in companies that will drive costs out of our health care system but still provide great clinical care."

Today, Ann Arbor-based Arboretum Ventures has 15 employees and manages $700 million in five funds. The venture capital firm has invested in 55 portfolio companies, which employ 4,000 people.

Arboretum Ventures has been incredibly successful. Last year, the firm raised the largest VC fund in state history, closing Arboretum Ventures V LP at $250 million.

"I was an odd duck coming to Michigan, and to be able to have done what we did is such a blessing for me," Garfinkle said. "I'm so proud of the Arboretum team and what we've accomplished."

How did health care become a focus for you?

I wanted to be a pediatrician when I was growing up, but careers are winding paths. I went to school at Berkeley in the College of Engineering. I studied bioengineering because it's a combination of engineering and pre-med. When I started my career, I was trying to get a job in bioengineering, but it was hard back then. It had just become a new major and there were few jobs. My first job was in manufacturing working for Procter & Gamble making Pampers diapers. I did that for three years and then wanted to get into medical devices. For some reason, I just happened to love them. I have no idea why. My parents are not in the health field. I decided to go to business school at Wharton and had an incredible internship as a marketing analyst at Eli Lilly (an American pharmaceutical company headquartered in Indianapolis, Ind.). They were trying to acquire medical device companies at that time. I worked with a physician who started Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, a venture-backed angioplasty company. Back in the early 1980s, if a patient was having a heart attack, you'd either give them a nitroglycerin pill to relax their arteries and treat their blockage, or they'd have to have a bypass procedure, which is a huge surgical procedure. With the advent of angioplasty, an image could be taken of the coronary arteries to see the blockage. Then, a tiny balloon is inserted across the blockage through a small hole in one of your arteries. It's noninvasive an easy way to stop a patient's heart attack. Patients only had to stay in the hospital for a day and then were able to go home. It changed the world of cardiology and health care for cardiac patients.

What was your experience like when you first worked with a startup?

After I received my MBA, I got a job at ACS working in marketing and sales. I had a great experience launching 20 different medical technologies while I was there. The physician who started ACS asked me if I would write the business plan for his second company, Devices for Vascular Intervention. I wrote the plan and then joined that company. At DVI, I was director of Marketing and director of Clinical Research, where I led the big FDA trial to get FDA approval for an atherectomy catheter, and then launched it worldwide to all the physicians that were doing angioplasties. I had incredible operating experiences in both of those companies. I fell in love with the entrepreneurial spirit of these new medical technologies that were changing the world for patients and making a much better life for them.

California is known for its venture capital ecosystem. Why did you move to Michigan?

My husband moved from Chicago to California when we got married. We met in California, where he was in training as a cardiologist. However, after a couple years in California, he said, 'I'm really not that happy here.' He found a job in Michigan, and I was a reluctant trailing spouse at that point. We had three little girls around that time. It was just a really, really busy time. I couldn't see how I could do everything, so I quit my job. However, Guidant (a spin-off company of Eli Lilly) called me and said, 'Would you do some consulting for us?' I said, 'I'd love to do about 10 hours a week.' That led me to start a consulting business, with Guidant as my main client. Around that time, the state of Michigan created the Michigan Life Sciences Corridor, where they invested tobacco settlement dollars into startups in the health care space. Every six months or so I helped one new startup with their business plan. I also helped a few venture funds doing health care investing do some due diligence (on companies to invest in). Through those experiences, I thought I'd love working in venture. I tried to get a job at both of the venture funds that were here at the time, but neither of them were hiring. I was frustrated that I couldn't get a job in either of them. So, I went on irs.gov, filed for a tax ID number and started Arboretum Ventures in 2002.

How did you get Arboretum Ventures off the ground?

It's really hard to start a venture fund. I was so naive honestly. I didn't know what to do. Tom Porter (a Michigan venture pioneer) was a terrific mentor to me in my early days. He told me, 'Jan, you have to get a partner. No investor is going to invest in a single person venture fund.' I put out an ad in Venture Wire, which was an electronic newspaper in the early days of the internet. All these people from California that had Ph.D.s in biochemistry responded and said they knew how to run a venture fund, but they had no idea. Luckily, I met Tim Petersen, who ran the Wolverine Venture Fund at the University of Michigan. He heard I was looking for a partner and joined me about six months after I started Arboretum. We were these two very different people, but were able to come together. He knew how to run a venture fund, and I knew a lot about health care.

How did you raise your first fund?

Around this time, Mike Finney, who led the Michigan Economic Development Corp., believed we needed more venture funds in the state. He found a little pool of money, $500,000, and ran a request for proposal process. We replied to the RFP process with our proposal to start Arboretum Ventures. There were 17 applicants and two winners. We were one of them. Each fund won $250,000. However, they wouldn't give us the money up front until we closed on our first $5 million. Tim and I drove all over the upper Midwest in order to raise the money, even sleeping on the floor of my brother's house. We got so many nos when we were fundraising. We went to donors Tim knew, which were large family offices and three Michigan foundations. We also had two corporations, Guidant and a medical device corporation. These were people that could vouch for and validate what we could do because they knew us well. We were able to raise the $5 million and got the $250,000. The first close on Arboretum was $6 million. It was small, but it got us in business. The first fund actually ended up being a $25 million fund. In the early days, it's a ton of sweat equity to make it work. I went without a salary for four years. We had five employees, rent, insurance and legal bills. Our total operating budget was around $400,000. But if you persevere, you can do it. Looking back at that fund now, it is a top decile performing fund in the world of all venture funds from the 2002 vintage year.

How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected venture funding?

The deal flow in the number of companies coming to us is phenomenal. Many companies are still fundraising and new ideas are coming out. We have three companies in term sheet right now. Luckily, we met the CEOs and the management team members before COVID started. However, for the first 3-4 months of COVID we were totally focused on making sure our portfolio companies were going to be successful and survive. That was a pretty scary time for all of our portfolio companies, just like for every small business. In August, we started looking hard again at new potential companies for investment. It's been remarkable to see how companies can cut costs and still advance a technology or a clinical trial. Entrepreneurial people tend to be very resilient and tend to persevere.

Have you seen any groundbreaking technologies in health care? Anything COVID-related?

There's some cool stuff happening in cancer detection and the new drugs that are being established for cancer. There's a company in Michigan we've invested in called Strata Oncology. Strata can take a small biopsy of a cancerous tumor and determine what happened genetically to cause that tumor. It's identifying the mutation, giving the patient the drug that kills that mutation, and killing the tumor. That's going to greatly enhance the mortality and longevity of patients that get cancer. We just had a large exit with a company that was in Ann Arbor called NeuMoDx. It developed the fastest, most accurate PCR test for COVID. It's a robot that can basically take your sample and give you an accurate testing result in 80 minutes. In early March they got FDA and EUA approval. It's probably the best PCR test on the market, and they're selling millions of these tests all over the world.

How can a company that's hoping to be backed by your venture capital firm stand out?

We're trying to find the best technology in a big market with an absolutely fantastic management team. We look at all their patents, FDA and reimbursement approval. We also look at how they're going to manufacture and make money at it. There's a lot of things we have to understand and evaluate. About 2,000 companies approach us every year. We invest in two or three. It's a steep funnel to get through to the very end. Many times we'll pass on a company but say, 'come back to us when you have your first human clinical data,' as an example. A company stands out by following up in a timely manner and sharing data with us as it becomes available. It's a red flag if someone's not transparent with us about something. If they're not that's a quick no. We have to build trust.

Do you have any advice for young people considering a career in venture capital?

It's helpful to have a strong operating career to be successful in venture. That means you've worked in a company and helped launch a product to market. I encourage young people to work in as many jobs as possible at a startup. It's important to learn how to sell because you're always having to sell either yourself or your product. Finally, learn to advocate for yourself. Stuff happens all the time. Figure out how to overcome those speed bumps and don't take no for an answer. Being super resilient is one of the most important things anybody can learn.

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Jan Garfinkle's path to running one of the largest VC funds in Michigan - Crain's Detroit Business

Toughest clock to reset is my body clock – Alton Telegraph

Toughest clock to reset is my body clock

We waved farewell to daylight saving time last weekend. If you miss it, dont worry. It will be right back in about 4 more months. So why do we bother adjusting the clocks in the first place?

Daylight saving time was originally marketed as a way to save energy. Is that really even true? I have to adjust two car clocks, three wall clocks, my wristwatch, an oven clock, and a microwave clock. (Mickeys hands especially give me a lot of trouble on my wristwatch.) I spend so much time running around the house finding and adjusting clocks, that when Im finshed Im so exhausted I need to rest for at least an hour. Does that sound like it saves any energy to you?

Not only that, it usually takes me more than an hour to do all this, so instead of saving an hour, I usually lose one. Then four months later I can do it all over again and lose two hours.

The only clock I cant seem to adjust correctly is my body clock. Unlike the regular kind, mine takes 2-3 days to get the time right. Part of that has to do with the fact that I always have trouble figuring out which is my big hand and which is my little hand. They always look the same size to me.

Daylight saving time has been around since World War I which makes it seem like the Middle Ages to millennials. It outlasted that war, managed to outlive another world war and survives to this day. Nothing seems to be able to kill it. I think if a cockroach and daylight saving time got into a fight over immortality, the cockroach would lose.

Daylight saving time is worse than money in the bank, because just like money in the bank it is generating less and less interest. Id rather stay on daylight saving time all year and abolish standard time altogether.

The idea of the bodys adjusting to time differences has to do with its so-called circadian rhythm. That means your body wants to be awake when the sun is up and asleep when the sun is down. This is exactly the opposite of what teenagers want their bodies to do. I guess you can say they have no circadian rhythm, which makes sense considering their taste in music these days.

And when you mess with your circadian rhythm it can lead to weight gain, impulsivity, slower thinking, and other physiological and behavioral changes. That pretty much describes me to a T.

And finally if you ask me, this whole moving the hands backwards one hour on your watch isnt very clock-wise.

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Toughest clock to reset is my body clock - Alton Telegraph

The Sony C-800G: the recording enigma that achieved immortality – Happy Mag

The Sony C-800G shattered the mould with a blend of vintage tech and cutting edge design. Read on as we explore how this black sheep achieved immortality.

Like few other pieces of studio gear, microphones tend to fall into a strict hierarchy. But the Sony C-800G comes close to being in a league of its own.

There are the indestructible staples the Shure SM57, Sennheiser MD 421, AKG D112, BeyerDynamic M88 mics that you can take anything you throw at it.Further up the scale, it gets a little more specialised. Small diaphragm condensers like the Neumann KM84 or the Oktava MK 012, higher-end dynamics like the ElectroVoice RE20, Sennheiser MD 441, Shure SM7B, plus high-quality large-diaphragm condensers that still slot into the workhorse category think AKG C414 or the Neumann U87.

But then there is a truly rarified category, the real headline large-diaphragm condensers like the Neumann U 47, Telefunken ELA 251, AKG C12 and a few more of this ilk have usually been reserved for the superstar voices.

The Sony C-800G is a microphone that has rightfully earned its place in this echelon. It hasnt, however, received the recognition of some of its silver-coloured siblings. We figure its high time we celebrate this left-of-centre classic.

Perhaps one of the keys as to why this mic hasnt reached the same level of notoriety as the likes of Neumann, AKG and Telefunken, for example, is that it doesnt have the same long history. A key to the allure of these grand examples is the imagery and subsequent mythology that surrounds them.

Would generations of engineers feel the same way about the Neumann condensers if we didnt know that were associated with the likes of Frank Sinatra, Miles Davis and other artists of the golden era of recording.

Reach further back into the 50s and you have iconic images of Elvis Presley crooning into an RCA 44 BX ribbon. The C-800G didnt grace the studio until 1992 way after those heady days and into an incredibly divergent studio scene.

The other microphone manufacturers in that special league of also have many models that are well recognised. Neumann has enjoyed ongoing fame for multiple flavours of large diaphragm condenser, as have AKG. This has served to increase its brand recognition as a whole need to track a lead vocal? Grab a Neumann. Of course, each model will be slightly different in character, but the brand name assures a certain standard of quality.

For Sony, however, the C-800G is an outlier. They do have a few new models, including the new C-100, which takes at least its aesthetic cues from the classic. There are a few rare vintage models, like the C-37A and the C-38B, but overall Sony microphones havent enjoyed a long-standing reputation as a studio staple over the decades.

So with lack of brand recognition and established pedigree in the studio, how did this enigma make such a seismic impact when it arrived in the early 90s?

Sheer, uncompromising quality.

LIke many of its illustrious forebears, its a tube-based design. The 6AU6 vacuum that resides in C-800G is known for warmth that it imparts to the lower mids of the frequency spectrum. Yet this kind of valve driven character is not what the microphone is best known for.

Instead, the C-800G has earned its stripes by delivering unprecedented accuracy, which makes it equally at home on vocals and acoustic instruments.

Its also famed for something it doesnt have: noise. This is partly on account of its construction featuring a two part aluminium body, thats specially designed to prevent acoustic vibrations and resonances from reaching the capsule (which was based on the Neumann K67 capsule).

The look of the microphone is also something to behold. The black, cylindrical body may not raise eyebrows, but about that thing hanging off the back. What is it? It turns out that this curious appendage is crucial for the performance of the microphone. Its a heat sink that maintains the optimal temperature for the internal tube, which accounts for the microphones incredibly natural presentation, minimal distortion and almost complete absence of a noise floor.

When the mic finally landed in the market, boy did it make a splash. Its versatility and extremely open character make it a very popular choice for vocalists. Its been favoured by rap producers and artists like Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Eminem and Kanye West for the way it effortless captures crucial high-end detail in rap verses, without needing to artificially boost high-end frequencies with EQ. And Mariah Carey, a singer who traverses the octaves like few others, has been known to enjoy the Sony.

The way that C-800G exhibits a natural boost ranging from approximately 8 14kHz adds what many engineers refer to as air, or sheen, without needing a liberal amount of boosting from an EQ. In short, a headline vocal recording exhibits a finished quality that is incredibly hard to replicate with any other microphone.

Its also a top choice for capturing voice-overs in post-production, again owing to the fact that it represents the silkiest of high frequencies without ever sound unnaturally hyped. And being a device with two polar patterns (cardioid and omnidirectional) it has become a top choice for capturing acoustic instruments like guitar and strings.

Many of the studio archetypes have received the emulation treatment over the years. And though the new C-100 is redolent of its forefather in some respects, it really is a completely different beast. The groundbreaking design of the Sony C-800G, its premium components and hunger for studio products that compete on price (this thing is eye-wateringly pricey) mean that this rare specimen is unlikely to be replicated any time soon.

But then again, when a piece of gear like this ascends to the status of studio standard it deserves to stand alone.

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The Sony C-800G: the recording enigma that achieved immortality - Happy Mag

Batmans Immortal Foes Go To War In Doomed and The Damned – Screen Rant

In the Batman mythology, both Ra's Al Ghul and Solomon Grundy have achieved immortality, but what happens when one seeks to rob the other's power?

Warning: spoilers ahead for DC: The Doomed and The Damned #1!

Batman has one of the largest rogues' galleries of any other hero in the DC Universe, and many of them have some pretty extraordinary powers and abilities. Some are even immortal. InDC: The Doomed and The Damned #1,DC Comics has collected a group of short but spooky stories in one issue for readers to enjoy, and one such story involves two of Batman's immortal foes at war with one another: Ra's Al Ghul and Solomon Grundy.

Ra's Al Ghul is known as the Demon's Head, operating as the undying leader of the League of Assassins. He attributes his long life to secret pools across the globe known as Lazarus Pits. By bathing in their waters, Al Ghul is able to extend his life, even after being killed. However, with each baptism a piece of his soul is taken, making him more and more ruthless and slightly more prone to madness. While he does one day hope to die, he refuses to do so until he can find a worthy successor to take his mantle. For a long time, Al Ghul has believed Batman himself to be the one destined to supplant him, but the Dark Knight's refusal to kill Ra's and lead the Assassins has seemingly cursed Ra's to continue living on as the Demon's Head. However, DC: The Doomed and The Damned #1reveals that the Lazarus Pits are failing, and Ra's is dying.

Related:Every Version of Ra's Al Ghul On Screen

As a means to reignite the failing power of the Pit, Al Ghul goes in search of the resurrecting swamp zombie rumored to reside in Slaughter Swamp. In the story "7 Days" from writer Marv Wolfman with art by Tom Mandrake, Ra's Al Ghul dubs the zombie Solomon Grundy, based on the 19th century nursery rhyme of the same name he used to tell to his daughter. Al Ghul immediately engages in battle with Grundy, as he believes that in order for his Pit to be revived, Grundy must die and his powers of immortality unlocked for the Demon Head's use.

In the end of the short story, Ra's and his daughter Talia seem to succeed in their plan, using an incantation to transfer Grundy's power to Talia, and then Talia to her father. Ra's Al Ghul decapitates Grundy with his sword and subsequently tosses his body into the swampy waters below, seemingly killing the hulking zombie so that Ra's can continue to enjoy his immortality. However, this is Solomon Grundy, and the story's end reveals his body and head coming together. Grundy is reborn once more, not nearly as dead as Al Ghul believed.

Tying Grundy's origin so closely to Ra's Al Ghul in this story is certainly surprising, but it does make a certain amount of sense. Both Batman foes share a propensity for being extremely hard to kill thanks to their respective means of immortality, so it's logical that their paths would have crossed at some point. However, the fact that Ra'sAl Ghulgave Solomon Grundy his name is certainly significant for fans. Now that the precedent has been set in this issue, it will be interesting to see if DC continue to explore this relationship further in future issues, and if the villains will ever clash again.

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Batmans Immortal Foes Go To War In Doomed and The Damned - Screen Rant

How Conor Maguire surfed Irelands biggest ever wave – Red Bull

"I'd been waiting for that swell my whole life..."

When the after-effects of tropical Hurricane Epsilon summoned 60ft [18.29m] waves off the coast of Ireland, Conor decided to take to the waters at Mullaghmore in search of 'the one'. And on October 28, he found it.

A combination of freakish Atlantic currents and travel restrictions ensured Conor was able to enjoy a private audience with Mother Nature that he won't forget in a hurry.

And thanks to the video above, neither will we. Resembling something closer to a wave from Christopher Nolan's Interstellar than Point Break, it's every inch the Hollywood blockbuster.

Conor Maguire

Surfing Big Wave

Abetted by a crack team of friends and fellow surfers all abiding by social distancing protocols the Irish surfer took the opportunity with both hands and is still taking stock of everything that transpired.

From the terrifying anxiety of preparing for the wave to the technical demands needed to ride it, Conor talks us through his biggest moment to date in his own words below

I knew something special was brewing

"It was just this huge, scary black blob that we saw in the Atlantic a few weeks before it hit. The storm looked as though it was about to swallow the whole continent. It was hard to believe it would do what the data was predicting, but the night before the swell started to build, a weather buoy off the coast of Ireland revealed record-breaking figures and we knew we had a shot."

The swell was so big it shook my house

"I'm living just down the road from Mullaghmore, close to a beach where you can see those famous waves in the distance, peaking out in the bay like a looming monster. On the biggest days I can barely hear the waves break, but on the morning of this wave I woke up at 5am and the house was rumbling, it sounded like thunder, so I knew it would be huge."

Mullaghmore has long been a white-knuckle surfing hotspot

Gary McCall/RedBull Content Pool

My nerves were jangling beforehand

"It was super-exciting, but my nerves were rattled beyond belief in the days leading up to it. On the morning of the attempt, the whole crew assembled at the harbour in the dark, around 7.30am, and it was scary. Huge waves were breaking, not only outside the harbour but also inside the harbour, which never happens, not even on the biggest days. Although once I got out on the water I was surprisingly calm, probably because I'd spent countless hours visualising surfing a wave like this since I was a kid."

Nobody had ever seen waves like these in Ireland

"Id never seen Mullaghmore looking like that, Ive only ever dreamed of it. Even Dylan Stott and Barry Mottershead, who've surfed here for 15 years, had never seen anything close to it. Those guys were actually the first to take me out here and show me the ropes, so there was nobody better placed to tow me and help pick the wave of my life. Ordinarily, a 30ft [9.14m] wave would be big and scary but we werent even looking at those, they werent even relevant. We were out the back, behind where the waves break on the reef, a safe spot. We still felt the swell go underneath of course, because these were 60ft [18.28m] monsters, lifting us up and dropping us down."

I knew it was the wave of my life even before it hit

"Even though it was moving unbelievably fast, you could see the wave for a couple of minutes before it even reached us. Deep down I knew it was the one. I'd been waiting for that swell my whole life, my whole career. Barry later told me we were in full eye contact, no words. Thats how connected we were I didnt even need to nod. I saw the wave cresting way out at the back, which Id never seen before, then turned towards land and began focusing on what came next."

Hurricane Epsilon caused a surge of activity in the Atlantic Ocean

Gary McCall/RedBull Content Pool

I've never travelled so fast to catch a wave

"When big wave surfing, the 'ski driver will match the speed of the wave while towing you in. The surfer will then use the rope as a pendulum to get even more speed, which is why they call it being whipped' into a wave. And I can safely say that I have never been that fast on a surfboard in my life. Barry travelled at Mach 10 to match this wave! He picked me up, built up speed, I let go of the rope and found myself dropping down this face, which initially felt like a 30ft [9.14m] wave. But the thing just kept growing, and soon I felt like I was dropping forever, skateboarding down a hill going 100mph [161kph]."

Its the most power Ive ever felt on the water

"A few years ago I surfed in Nazar, Portugal, with Carlos Burle, a legend of surfing, who took me under his wing. We had this huge swell, 60ft [18.28m] plus waves, which I thought was as big as it can get. But that wave has no comparison to the one I experienced in Mullaghmore the power and veracity of this wave was mind-blowing, you can really feel it as you ride the waves and experience the energy it has."

It just seemed to last forever

"I remember angling my board and finding the wave was so incredibly smooth its the most perfect wave Ive ever seen. Suddenly I was standing in this big emerald-green bowl. I was just calm because I was so happy to be there, which you can see when the wave breaks over me. Im just standing there, really, thinking that this is the most incredible view Ive ever seen. You rarely have time to take it all in on a 30ft [9.14m] wave, but it seemed to go on for forever."

Conor Maguire rules the waves on his own doorstep

RedBull Content Pool

Visulisation and yoga helped prepare me for the moment

"It was as if the swell was just feeling out the reef. It was just sucking and sucking and I was dropping without ever going anywhere. Having been so nervous the night before, it felt surprisingly natural to me. I picked a line and went for it, as if Id surfed that wave 1,000 times. But then I had, sort of, because Id been doing it all week, standing on my board at home on a yoga mat just thinking about it. I do obsess over waves and often I'll stand on a yoga mat imagining how to surf them, matching the movements of my body to what my minds thinking."

One wrong move could have ended my career

"I know this surf spot inside out, but anything could have happened out there. Nazar is huge, but Mullaghmore gets big, too; its heavy, hollow, it barrels, it breaks over shallow reef; theres a huge volume of water in that actual wave its a really crazy wave. The biggest risk factor is breaking something when the lip's hitting you because its so powerful. A friend broke his femur there a few years ago and he only surfed for the first time again recently."

I couldn't have done it without my friends

"It was a true team effort. In the lead-up to it we had a few Zoom meetings about safety protocols led by my mate, Finn Mullen, who runs a windsurfing magazine and is also safety coordinator for a lot of big events and helped us to introduce social distancing guidelines. In all, we had four safety jet skis, organised by the Irish Tow Surf Rescue Club and Peter Conroy, a paramedic, an ambulance and two spotters on the cliff who are long-time friends."

The emptiness made it more surreal

"The current situation meant that other guys weren't able to travel from all over the world, so the biggest ever swell to hit Ireland was relatively untouched by the surf community. It felt surreal. Never in my wildest dreams could I believe that Mullaghmore would have waves that size. My phone's not stopped ringing since I got out of the water and it's been great to see people interested in the story, but my friends buzzing for me means more than anything else."

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How Conor Maguire surfed Irelands biggest ever wave - Red Bull

Halloween 6: Why The Producer’s Cut Is The Superior Version – Screen Rant

One of the most maligned entries in the Halloween franchise, Halloween 6's producer's cut offers a superior viewing experience for fans here's why.

The Producer's Cut of Halloween: The Curse Of Michael Myers is the best version of the movie. The sixth installment of the Halloween franchisewas released in 1995, directed by Joe Chappelle, and written by Daniel Farrands.The Curse Of Michael Myersstars Donald Pleasence in hislast movie appearance, along with Marianne Hagan andPaul Ruddin his film debut.

Halloween 6takes place six years after the events ofHalloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers.This time around, the story centers on cousins ofLaurie Strode; they're the last surviving relatives of Michael Myers; he stalks and attempts to kill every last one of them. In the meantime, Dr. Loomis (Donald Pleasence) pursues Michael yet again, and a grown-up Tommy Doyle (Paul Rudd) tries to protect the Strodes. The big draw of thisHalloweeninstallment is that it finally addresses Michael's "curse". This explains why he never dies and provides context to his Halloween rampages. Behind his immortality and homicidal rage, it turns out, is the Cult of Thorn.

Related:Are The Halloween Movies On Netflix, Prime, Or Hulu? Where To Watch Online

Halloween 6can certainly be seen as the weakest installment of the Halloween franchise. However, some might change their minds upon viewing the Producer's Cut an alternative version of the movie that was released after the original home media version came out. This cut contains a significant 45 minutes of different footage, with an alternate ending that has gained a cult following over the years; many have dubbed the Producer's Cut as the definitive versionHalloween 6.There are some major changes between the final version and the Producer's Cut. The changes to Jamie's fate, the overall cult storyline, and the climactic ending are ultimately better and more coherent, working together to make the Producer's Cut the movie's best version.

The Producer's Cut of Halloween 6notably gives the character Jamie Lloyd(K.C. Brandy) more screen time. In the theatrical version, Jamie attempts to escape the cult early onafter giving birth to a babybut Michael tracks her down and kills her quickly. In the Producer's Cut, she's stabbed by Michael but survives for a little while. She's taken to a hospital, where Loomis comes to see her; this makes the moment where Loomis shows up at the hospital and meets Tommy make more sense. Eventually, Jamie is shot by the "man in black" while she's recuperating, but it's at least a better death than the one she had in the theatrical cut where Michael kills her with a corn thresher.

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Halloween 6: Why The Producer's Cut Is The Superior Version - Screen Rant

The Flash Uncovers the Secret History of a POWERFUL DC Universe Relic – CBR – Comic Book Resources

In The Flash's battle with Dr. Alchemy, Barry Allen has discovered the secrets of one of the DC Universe's most powerful artifacts.

WARNING: The following contains spoilers for The Flash #764 by Kevin Shinick, Will Conrad, Hi-Fi, and Steve Wands, on sale now.

In The Flash #764, Dr. Alchemy has broken out of Iron Heights Penitentiary and is after Barry Allen once again. This time, though, Barry notices that Dr. Alchemy is stronger and seems focused on a specific mission. It also becomes clear after their initial encounter that the good Doctor has made his vendetta against The Flash personal.

After turning the prison walls to molten lava and escaping, Dr. Alchemy turns raindrops into bullets. To save the innocent bystanders and the police officers at the scene,The Flash arrives at the prison and takes the Philosopher's Stone away from Dr. Alchemy. The Philosopher's Stone isn't just the source of Alchemy's powers but an ancient relic with a history. After Desmond escapes, Barry decides to research the Stone to better understand his opponent.

Related: The Flash: Reverse-Flash Helped Shatter The Teen Titans

Dr. Alchemy debuted in 1958sShowcase #13, byJohn Broome,Carmine Infantino, andFrank Giacoia,as Mr. Element. He changed his name to "Dr. Alchemy" in Showcase #14, which was also the issue that introduced the Philosopher's Stone as Alchemy's source of power. In addition to immortality, an increased healing factor, and giving its wielder vast knowledge, the Philosopher's Stone has the powerto transform the molecular structure of anything in the world, including the molecules of the human body, into any substance. When Barry confronts Dr. Alchemyat the prison, he notices that Desmond fashioned the Stone into a ring, thereby making it more difficult to take it away from him.

Barrydescied to research the Philosopher's Stone and discovers that it's been owned by a long history of alchemists and "crazed chemists" dating back to ancient times. One of the earliest owners was Zosimos, "One of ancient Greece's most noted Alchemists and mystics." Zosimos believed thatfallen angels taught the arts of metallurgy to the women they married and that alchemy involves the studying of how bodies and spirits can embody one another and be drawn away from each other. As a result, "The Philosopher's Stone was the key to immortality since it could abstract the souls of various elements." Another notable possessor of the Stone was Paracelsus, analchemist during the German Renaissance who believed absolute knowledge wasn't acquired through books, but through the elements. The Stone was "the tool that could translate between them", but it wasn't until Simon Magus had the Stone that it became weaponized. According to Barry's research, Magus saw the power the Stone had and used it to "cut a path of destruction through most of Medieval Europe and even into other dimensions."

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The Flash Uncovers the Secret History of a POWERFUL DC Universe Relic - CBR - Comic Book Resources

CHINA: THE NEW ANIMATED FEATURE OVER THE MOON OUTSHINES MULAN – Asia Media International

CADY-BREE ABE WRITES Both audiences and critics alike are over the moon for, yes, Over the Moon, the newest computer animated feature to hit Netflix on October 23. The Chinese film, produced by Peilin Chou (Kung Fu Panda, Abominable), stars Chinese-Filipina actress/singer Cathy Ang as Fei Fei, American born John Cho (Harold Lee in the Harold & Kumar films) as her father, and Canadian born actress Sandra Oh (Cristina Yang of Grays Anatomy) as Mrs. Zhong.

After the disastrous live action Mulan that was released this year, some were afraid to see another beloved cultural Chinese story turned into a movie. Like Mulan, Over the Moon is based on a very important folklore tale. It tells the traditional story of Change () which is very relevant to the Mid Autumn Moon Festival (). The story is story centered around a beautiful woman who takes a potion to achieve immortality and become a goddess on the moon, where she waits for her lover Houyi.

Fortunately, unlike Mulan, Over the Moon offers both accurate representation and lively entertainment. For example, the movie perfectly depicts that delectable Chinese treat and cultural touchstone, the mooncake (), a special semi-sweet dessert made up, in part, of red dates and melon seeds, which is traditionally eaten during the Moon Festival. The film outlines the baking process in a song montage showing people using wooden rolling pins to shape the mooncake mould.

Over the Moon also depicts realistic Asian family structures. It shows how, during the Mid Autumn Moon Festival, families from all over China come together () to cook and eat an extravagant dinner while admiring the beautiful full moon. The film correctly depicts the importance of family, while also adding witty humor that many Asian Americans can relate to, such as sassy aunties, and grandmas who all too often criticize young womens weight.

Over the Moon tells its story through the use of Mandarin, a traditional Chinese dialect. The most iconic inclusion of the language is in the song Yours Forever, sung by Phillipa Soo and Comrad Ricamora. The movies entrancing soundtrack is so beautifully, chillingly performed, it could well leave audiences simultaneously singing and crying.

Over the Moon is a feel-good, animated movie that is also educational, so its great for watching with family and friends. It offers an easy-to-digest introduction to authentic Chinese culture, made scrumptious through the use of fantasy, folklore and musical entertainment-an irresistible movie treat.

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CHINA: THE NEW ANIMATED FEATURE OVER THE MOON OUTSHINES MULAN - Asia Media International

Where to Find All 7 Audiolog Locations in Ghostrunner – Screen Rant

Audiologs in Ghostrunner can be easily missed with the insane speedruns going on in the game, but all of them can be found with this handy guide.

Speedrunnersrejoice asGhostrunnerhits the shelves, which means many new achievements to get while blowing through the game at a hyper speed, such as collecting all the Audiologs. The developer One More Level designed this game about getting the quickest times meaning players could miss collectibles along the way. Along with Artifacts, different swords, the Audiologs will get various trophies on the multiple systems the game is available.

Related:Cyberpunk First-Person Platformer Ghostrunner Delayed On Switch

When it comes to collectibles, this cyberpunk-style game, has them in the shape of gold-colored question marks. Upon finding them, the item will be shown at the top of the screen and can be viewed by going to the Upgrades menu. Most collectibles will be reasonably easy to find, but some will require a bit more work to locate as the environment can fly by quickly due to the game's speed. There's no indication of their locations either, which means more time hunting down or, in the case of the Audiologs, the areas are down below.

More:Cyberpunk 2077 Death Threats Rally Industry Around CD Projekt Red Devs

Ghostrunner is available forPlaystation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch, PC.

What The MCU Would Look Like With Tom Cruise As Iron Man

Richard Beauchamp, in a previous life, was a classically trained theater actor who also spent time in front of the camera for film and TV. In his spare time, he's either playing video games, reading graphic novels, or watching/playing copious amounts of hockey. As well, he grew up watching way too much Star Trek and Star Wars and wishes he could be small enough to ride the kiddie rides at the Star Wars theme park.

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Where to Find All 7 Audiolog Locations in Ghostrunner - Screen Rant

Off the Shelf: Books that are keeping me warm – NUjournal

This is a great time of year to get cozy with a good book: the days are getting shorter, its too cold (and wet) to stay outside for long, and the hot apple cider is plentiful. Here are some books that have recently helped me stay warm and content at home.

Brandon Stanton is the creator of the Humans of New York social media accounts. His work started with taking photographs of people living in New York City. Soon he added short captions of people telling a little bit about their day, their current struggles, or their life story. In his new book Humans, Stanton shares the stories and photographs he has documented during his travels to over 40 countries. This non-fiction book highlights the common human experiences we all share, and showed me that I have a lot to be thankful for.

Charlie is depressed. Hes stuck in a dead end job, working nights, unable to make any friends in L.A. So he jumps at the chance to work as assistant to Kathi Kannon, a film legend. Kathi is gregarious, creative, and complicated; she has bipolar disorder and has struggled with drug addiction. Yet Charlie feels his depression lifting and zest for life increasing as he brings order to her life and joins in on her adventures. He rides high with Kathi until he finds that she has been replacing some of her daily medications with morphine behind his back and he must find a way to please his boss while saving his friend. A Star is Bored by Byron Lane is funny and touching.

After Sydney Greens marriage falls apart she moves home to Brooklyn to live with her mother. She is upset to see that the neighborhood is rapidly gentrifying, spurred by the construction of a large medical facility nearby. When Sydney decides to explore the complex and long history of gentrification in her neighborhood, she does not expect her new (and frustratingly attractive) neighbor Theo to volunteer to help, especially since Theos girlfriend Kim seems to be encouraging her rich white friends to buy more houses on the block. As Sydney learns more about the past violence committed against Black people in the name of revitalizing Brooklyn, her long-time neighbors start disappearing, replaced overnight by affluent WASPs. Sydney begins to feel that shes being watched, even stalked, and she cant be sure that Theo can be trusted to help her figure out if shes imagining things or if history is about to repeat itself. Alyssa Coles When No One Is Watching is a claustrophobic and gripping thriller.

It is 1714 and Addie LaRue is desperate to escape her imminent (and unwanted) marriage. On her wedding day she flees to the woods at dusk and begs the old gods for their help. The god of darkness is the only one who responds and he does not answer prayers; he only makes deals. He gives Addie her freedom and immortality in exchange for her soul once she has tired of life. But the god is clever, and words matter. Addie spends the next 300 years learning how the god can spin the wording of their bargain to exhaust and frustrate her. Addie is stubborn, though, and wont give him the satisfaction of winning. That is, until she meets someone that she might be willing to sacrifice everything for. The Invisible Life of Addie LaRue by V. E. Schwab is my favorite book so far this year.

Give the library a call at 507-359-8331 or visit http://www.newulmlibrary.org and click on Library Catalog if youd like to request any of these books. Wed be happy to help you find more titles, too.

A reminder: The library will be closed on Wednesday, November 11 in observance of Veterans Day. Thank you to all those who have served in the United States Armed Forces.

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Romantic Chemistry Explained – What Is the Science Behind Attraction? – GoodHousekeeping.com

Someone walks into a room, and you immediately react. Your palms sweat, your heartbeat quickens, you blush and maybe you stammer or tremble. Then, once theyve left your sight, you cant get them out of your mind. Its as if theyve cast a spell on you.

Everything about them feels right, the way they look, smell and taste, says Robert Navarra, PsyD, LMFT, MAC, Certified Gottman Therapist and Master Trainer. If this intense attraction is mutual, time seems to stand still when youre with this other person. But why? What is the chemistry of love, and why do we feel it with some people and not others?

Although the word "chemistry," referring to a romantic and sexual spark, is not official, scientific term, the phenomenon is indeed backed by science. Heres some proof: Helen Fisher, Ph.D., senior research fellow at the Kinsey Institute and author of Anatomy of Love, looked at MRI results of 17 subjects who were intensely in love. When the subjects looked at photographs of their loved ones, the resulting MRI scans showed the areas of their brains associated with reward and motivation and rich in the chemical dopamine were activated. So, Dr. Fisher explains, When people say they have chemistry with someone, theyre being accurate.

If only there were a way to predict who well have chemistry with dating would be so much easier. Unfortunately, explains Justin Lehmiller, Ph.D., research fellow at the Kinsey Institute and author of Tell Me What You Want, most of us cant foresee what well find bewitching. In fact, speed-dating studies have found that people often dont pick people with the traits they'd put on their wish lists, he says.

Although a mystery, Dr. Fisher has discovered a science-backed way to at least partially understand why we have chemistry with some people rather than others. From her studies of the brain, she has found four basic styles of thinking and behaving linked with four different brain systems: the dopamine, serotonin, estrogen and testosterone. Each system is associated biologically with a constellation of personality traits, she says.

Based on data from her study of 40,000 singles research for her book, Why Him? Why Her? she found that men and women dominant in dopamine traits (including novelty- and risk-seeking, curiosity, creativity and energy) are attracted to people like themselves. The same is true for the serotonin-dominant, who tend to be cautious, traditional, rule-following and respectful of authority. In these cases, similarity attracts, Dr. Fisher says.

Meanwhile, those who are high in testosterone tend to be analytical, logical, direct, decisive, tough-minded and skeptical and more drawn to those who are dominant in the traits linked with estrogen, their opposites. Estrogen-dominant men and women tend to be imaginative, empathetic, trusting and emotionally expressive, as well as drawn to those high in testosterone, also their opposites. That said, Dr. Fisher points out that we all have traits in all four systems. Only when you see the full combination of traits in both partners can you begin to predict their compatibility, she says. (To see where you land, take Dr. Fishers free personality quiz on her website.)

Chemistry tends to be a launching pad for relationships, says Carrie Cole, M.Ed., L.P.C., research director and Gottman Master Trainer at The Gottman Institute. Chemistry opens the door, but its what we do with it afterwards that determines whether the relationship will have any legs, she says.

For relationships to progress beyond the initial intense attraction, trust and commitment must follow. Trust is knowing your partner is there for you and is someone you can count on, Dr. Navarra explains. Commitment is knowing there is no one else you would rather be with, and vice versa. Relationships typically start with chemistry, but need more to work.

Although chemistry can lead to successful relationships, it should be taken with a grain of salt, Dr. Lehmiller notes. After all, chemistry and compatibility are two different things, and sometimes the people we feel an overwhelming attraction to are not right for us long-term," she says. "People can get into trouble by rushing to commit to someone when they prioritize chemistry over shared interests and values. Instead, he says, people should try try to strike the right balance between chemistry and compatibility when looking for a long-term partner.

Chemistry with a long-term partner can fade, Dr. Lehmiller says. If it does, that doesnt mean theres a problem with your relationship. Theres also no need to panic if you experience chemistry with someone outside of your relationship, Dr. Fisher says. You can simultaneously be deeply attached to your partner, madly in love with someone else and sexually attracted to others, she explains. Thats because companionate love (for a long-term partner), romantic love and lust are orchestrated by three different brain systems, which operate in tandem.

Instead of panicking about a decline in chemistry, reinvest in your relationship by trying to rebuild that spark, Dr. Lehmiller says. To do so, focus on how you and your partner first met and what brought you together and to try to relive those initial moments. When couples tell me how they first met, they light up and turn towards each other, Cole says

Then, carve out regular rituals that encourage your connection, whether theyre weekly date nights or five-minute chats each evening to review your days, Dr. Navarra says. In fact, Dr. Lehmiller suggests spending some of this time asking each other deep questions, as with Dr. Arthur Arons 36 questions that lead to love, as published in The New York Times. Getting to know each other better on a deep level can actually help build chemistry. The more couples turn toward one another, the more theyll want to turn towards each other, Cole says.

Finally, since novelty boosts arousal, its a good idea to be adventurous with your partner; youll likely transfer some of the excitement from new experiences onto them. So, plan a date during which you learn a skill (like rock-climbing or painting), try a cuisine thats unfamiliar to you or explore a new neighborhood. The surge of dopamine youll likely experience might be just the ticket to add a spark to your long-term relationship.

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Market for Analytical Instruments in Chemical and Petrochemical Industries to Jump to $3.5 Billion by 2026 – PR Newswire India

"Digital analytics in the chemical and petrochemical segments will enable machine-to-machine communication, resulting in automated solutions," said Janani Balasundar, Measurement & Instrumentation Research Analyst at Frost & Sullivan. "Vendors can generate demand for analyzers by improving operational efficiency through automated runs to help deduce mistakes early in the analytical process, thus helping companies struggling with pressures on pricing and margins."

Balasundaradded: "From a regional perspective, Asia-Pacific (APAC) has the largest market share for global aliphatic hydrocarbons in the petrochemical industry. Similarly, North America will witness considerable growth in the chemicals and petrochemicals market due to the presence of significant manufacturing industries. Europe, however, will have slow growth in the chemical and petrochemical segments due to strict environmental regulations."

To tap into the growth prospects presented by analytical instruments in the chemical and petrochemical industries, market participants need to focus on:

Market for Analytical Instruments in the Chemical and Petrochemical Industries, Forecast to 2026is the latest addition to Frost & Sullivan's Measurement & Instrumentation research and analyses available through the Frost & Sullivan Leadership Council, which helps organizations identify a continuous flow of growth opportunities to succeed in an unpredictable future.

About Frost & Sullivan

For over five decades, Frost & Sullivan has become world-renowned for its role in helping investors, corporate leaders and governments navigate economic changes and identify disruptive technologies, Mega Trends, new business models and companies to action, resulting in a continuous flow of growth opportunities to drive future success. Contact us: Start the discussion.

Market for Analytical Instruments in the Chemical and Petrochemical Industries, Forecast to 2026

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Contact:Jaylon BrinkleyCorporate CommunicationsT: +1.210.247.2481E: [emailprotected]

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Market for Analytical Instruments in Chemical and Petrochemical Industries to Jump to $3.5 Billion by 2026 - PR Newswire India

Searching for the Chemistry of Life: Possible New Way to Create DNA Base Pairs Discovered – SciTechDaily

Artists impression of young Earth. Credit: NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab

In the search for the chemical origins of life, researchers have found a possible alternative path for the emergence of the characteristic DNA pattern: According to the experiments, the characteristic DNA base pairs can form by dry heating, without water or other solvents. The team led by Ivan Halasz from the Ruer Bokovi Institute and Ernest Metrovi from the pharmaceutical company Xellia presents its observations from DESYs X-ray source PETRA III in the journal Chemical Communications.

One of the most intriguing questions in the search for the origin of life is how the chemical selection occurred and how the first biomolecules formed, says Tomislav Stolar from the Ruer Bokovi Institute in Zagreb, the first author on the paper. While living cells control the production of biomolecules with their sophisticated machinery, the first molecular and supramolecular building blocks of life were likely created by pure chemistry and without enzyme catalysis. For their study, the scientists investigated the formation of nucleobase pairs that act as molecular recognition units in the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA).

From the mixture of all four nucleobases, A:T pairs emerged at about 100 degrees Celsius and G:C pairs formed at 200 degrees Celsius. Credit: Ruer Bokovi Institute, Ivan Halasz

Our genetic code is stored in the DNA as a specific sequence spelled by the nucleobases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). The code is arranged in two long, complementary strands wound in a double-helix structure. In the strands, each nucleobase pairs with a complementary partner in the other strand: adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine.

Only specific pairing combinations occur in the DNA, but when nucleobases are isolated they do not like to bind to each other at all. So why did nature choose these base pairs? says Stolar. Investigations of pairing of nucleobases surged after the discovery of the DNA double helix structure by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. However, it was quite surprising that there has been little success in achieving specific nucleobase pairing in conditions that could be considered as prebiotically plausible.

Nucleobase powder and steel balls in a milling jar. Credit: Ruer-Bokovi-Institut, Tomislav Stolar

We have explored a different path, reports co-author Martin Etter from DESY. We have tried to find out whether the base pairs can be generated by mechanical energy or simply by heating. To this end, the team studied methylated nucleobases. Having a methyl group (-CH3) attached to the respective nucleobases in principle allows them to form hydrogen bonds at the Watson-Crick side of the molecule. Methylated nucleobases occur naturally in many living organisms where they fulfil a variety of biological functions.

In the lab, the scientists tried to produce nucleobase pairs by grinding. Powders of two nucleobases were loaded into a milling jar along with steel balls, which served as the grinding media, while the jars were shaken in a controlled manner. The experiment produced A:T pairs which had also been observed by other scientists before. Grinding however, could not achieve formation of G:C pairs.

In a second step, the researchers heated the ground cytosine and guanine powders. At about 200 degrees Celsius, we could indeed observe the formation of cytosine-guanine pairs, reports Stolar. In order to test whether the bases only form the known pairs under thermal conditions, the team repeated the experiments with mixtures of three and four nucleobases at the P02.1 measuring station of DESYs X-ray source PETRA III. Here, the detailed crystal structure of the mixtures could be monitored during heating and formation of new phases could be observed.

At about 100 degrees Celsius, we were able to observe the formation of the adenine-thymine pairs, and at about 200 degrees Celsius the formation of Watson-Crick pairs of guanine and cytosine, says Etter, head of the measuring station. Any other base pair did not form even when heated further until melting. This proves that the thermal reaction of nucleobase pairing has the same selectivity as in the DNA.

Our results show a possible alternative route as to how the molecular recognition patterns that we observe in the DNA could have been formed, adds Stolar. The conditions of the experiment are plausible for the young Earth that was a hot, seething cauldron with volcanoes, earthquakes, meteorite impacts and all sorts of other events. Our results open up many new paths in the search for the chemical origins of life. The team plans to investigate this route further with follow-up experiments at P02.1.

Reference: DNA-specific selectivity in pairing of model nucleobases in the solid state by Tomislav Stolar, Stipe Lukin, Martin Etter, Maa Raji Linari, Krunoslav Uarevi, Ernest Metrovi and Ivan Halasz, 9 September 2020, Chemical Communications.DOI: 10.1039/D0CC03491F

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Searching for the Chemistry of Life: Possible New Way to Create DNA Base Pairs Discovered - SciTechDaily

New Research Shows the Sensitivity of Thousands of Genes to Chemical Exposure – Clinical OMICs News

University of Massachusetts, Amherst, researchers have taken what they claim is an unprecedented objective approach to identify which genes and molecular pathways including mechanisms involving aging, lipid metabolism, and autoimmune diseaseare most sensitive to chemical exposure. Headed by environmental health scientist Alexander Suvorov, Ph.D., the research findings could help to improve our understanding of how chemicals, including pollutants and pharmaceuticals, interact to impact gene expression, and potentially human health.

When we identified all the sensitive genes, we were very much surprised that almost every well-known molecular pathway is sensitive to chemicals to a certain degree, said Suvorov, who is an associate professor in the School of Public Health and Health Sciences. These findings for the first time prove that current epidemics in metabolic and autoimmune disorders may be partly due to a very broad range of chemical exposures. Suvorov is first author of the teams published paper inChemosphere, which is titled, Unbiased approach for the identification of molecular mechanisms sensitive to chemical exposure.

Research estimates that the total burden of disease costs associated with exposure to environmental chemicals could be more than 10% of global domestic product, the authors commented. The number of new chemicals is also on a rapid increase, with the Chemical Abstract Service Registry increasing from 20 million to 156 million chemicals between 2002 and 2019. This situation poses a significant challenge for regulatory toxicology and requires the development of new, rapid, cost-efficient, and reliable methods of toxicity testing, Suvorov and colleagues commented.

Today, toxicologists recognize many molecular mechanisms that are key to a significant portion of all toxicity events, but all of these mechanisms were identified when there were no high-throughput methods for use in toxicology research. In the recent past, everything that we knew about molecular mechanisms affected by chemicals was coming from low-throughput experiments, Suvorov said, which led toxicology researchers to focus on those already identified genes, rather than looking for chemical sensitivity among a fuller range of genes.

What hasnt been known is whether all of the major mechanisms of toxicity have already been discovered using such historical approaches, or if there may be others that have been overlooked. Here, we hypothesized that data from toxicological omics experiments rapidly accumulating in publicly accessible databases may help to answer this question, the investigators commented.

To carry out their analysis, Suvorov and five studentsundergraduates Victoria Salemme, Joseph McGaunn, and Menna Teffera, and graduate students Anthony Poluyanoff, PhD, and Saira Amir, PhDextracted data on chemical-gene interactions from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), which includes human, rat, and mouse genes. In this study, we use publicly available data from the CTD, on changes in gene expression in response to a broad range of chemical compounds to identify, in an unbiased manner, the molecular mechanisms most sensitive to chemical exposure, the scientists noted. They created a database of 591,084 chemical-gene interactions reported in 2,169 studies that used high-throughput gene expression analysis, meaning that they looked at multiple genes; low-throughout analysis focuses only on a single gene.

I wanted to find some approach that would tell us in a completely unbiased way which mechanisms are sensitive and which are not, Suvorov said. I wondered if we were missing a significant toxic response just because no one ever looked for it. By overlaying many high-throughput studies, we can see changes in the expression of all genes all at once. And that is unbiased because we are not cherry-picking any particular molecular mechanisms.

The interactions analyzed encompassed 17,338 unique genes and 1,239 unique chemicals. The researchers split their database of chemicals into two parts, pharmaceutical chemicalswhich are designed to target known molecular cascadesand other chemicals such as industrial, agricultural, cosmetics, and pollutants. When the sensitivity of genes to pharmaceutical chemicals was compared to the sensitivity of genes to the other chemicals, the results were the same. That proves that when analysis is done on really big numbers of chemicals, their composition does not matter, Suvorov said.

The study confirmed the molecular mechanisms that had previously been recognized as being sensitive to chemical exposure, such as oxidative stress. But the new findings that the pathways involving aging, lipid metabolism, and autoimmune disease are also highly sensitive, suggest that chemical exposures may have a role in conditions such as diabetes, fatty liver disease, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Many of the pathways identified play important roles in different kinds of cancer, for example. Among the highest-scoring genes for suppressive interactions, there were important members of the GH-IGF signaling cascade (GHR, IGFBP3, and IGF1), cytokines (CXCL8, CXCL12, CCL2), cyclins (CCNB1, CDK1, CCNA2, CCND1), lipid metabolism genes (THRSP, HMGCS1, FASN), and more, the team reported. One important question that remains unanswered is what pathways should be covered by in vitro assays to ensure that we do not miss possible toxicities of chemicals using this new paradigm of toxicity testing. Should there be evidence connecting these pathways with adverse outcomes, these pathways must be included in the list of targets for in vitro testing.

The researchers said the results indicate that the majority of known molecular pathways are sensitive to chemical exposure. Our data suggest that almost every known molecular pathway may be affected by chemical exposures, they wrote. Lipid metabolism was one mechanism that was found to be sensitive to a broad range of chemical agents. This finding may have significant public health implications and requires additional research, the team commented. Another group of molecular pathways identified as highly sensitive to chemical exposures consists of immune response pathways. The ability of a broad range of chemicals to suppress expression of genes essential for beta-cell development and function may be a significant factor that predisposes the modern population to diabetes development, they continued. Immune mechanisms that are dysfunctional in allergy and autoimmunity were also among those that were found to be highly sensitive to chemical exposures.

Suvorov concluded, This study represents a significant step forward in the use of genomic data for the improvement of public health policies and decisions and the public health field will benefit from a future focus of toxicological research on these identified sensitive mechanisms.

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All the Chemistry You Never Wanted to Know About Heroin, & More – American Council on Science and Health

Some of you screwballs out there have been complaining that I'm not giving enough chemistry lessons. No accounting for taste. If you'd asked me a few years ago when I first started writing these miserable thingsI would have doubted thatmy own family would bother to read them, but it turns out that they've become strangely popular.

So, let's do another.

THE MORE OR LESS SORDID HISTORY OF HEROIN

Here's the first journal articleon the synthesis of heroin. It is long and complex, despite the fact that the conversion of morphine to heroin is (now) a trivial reaction that can be done in minutes.

The title of the first reported synthesis of heroin. Wright, C. R. A.: On the action of organic acids and their anhydrides on the natural alkaloids, Journal of Chemical Society, 1874, 12, 1031. The paper contains no chemical structures, only molecular formulas. Does anyone know why? (1)

Source: Journal of the Chemical Society

OK, it's time...

Making Heroin is Easy Peasy. But it wasn't in 1874

Our progress in fightingpain hasn't progressed much since 1874, but organic chemistry has. It took four pages of experimental details for Wright to describe the procedure for the synthesis, purification, and analysis of the heroin he made. All of this for one very simple reaction...

Acetylation of morphine: Two hydroxyl groups react with acetic anhydride to form two acetateesters (red boxes) (heroin).

By contrast, the synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid an almost identicalchemical reaction takes10 minutes(plus a little purification time) in an experiment suitedfor high schoolor organic 101 students.

Salicylic acid contains one hydroxyl group, which is easily acetylated to form aspirin. The acetyl group is shown in the red box.

See how similar the two reactions are?

ASPIRIN VS. HEROIN

In the 1890s Felix Hoffman, a German chemist working for Bayerwas acetylating everything in sightto examine the change in properties ofchemicals/drugs when hydroxyl groups are converted to acetate esters. Although Hoffman wasn't the first person to synthesize either aspirin or heroin, he did make both for Bayer, which sold both of them...at the same time... and in the same ad(!).

A Bayer ad, date unknown, selling both aspirin and heroin. Image: Bomb Magazine

You've withstood theDCLFHTM so what is your reward?

A BIOCHEMISTRY LESSON FROM HELL!

Why do the acetyl groups found inheroin and aspirin give the drugs enhanced properties compared to the hydroxylversions, morphine, and salicylic acid, respectively? The acetyl groups make a very big difference in the potency of the drugs in each case, but for different reasons.

ASPIRIN

Figure1: The inhibition of COX by aspirin. Aspirin forms a covalentbond to a serine group near the active site, which prevents the normal substrate from entering the channel to the catalytic (active) site ofthe enzyme.Source: Tulane University

Aspirin and other NSAIDs work by inhibiting a critical enzyme called cyclooxygenase (COX), which catalyzes the conversion ofa ubiquitous biomolecule,arachidonic acid (AA) into prostaglandinsand thromboxanesextremely potent hormones that have multiplefunctions throughout the body, including, pain and inflammation. As seen in Figure1, aspirin (4) fits into the channel in COX that leads to the catalytic (active) site (black dot).

Once there, the acetyl group, whichis chemically reactive,reacts irreversiblywith the serine another way of saying that aspirin transfersthe acetyl group to COX forming a covalent bond.Once theserine group of the enzyme has been acetylated things grind to a halt; the enzyme is inactivated.Arachidonic acid can no longer reach the catalytic site on COX so it cannot be convertedtoprostaglandins and thromboaxnes.This explains why aspirin, ibuprofen, etc.treatpain, fever, and inflammation (and also why they screw up your stomach.)

MAKING SENSE OF MORPHINE AND HEROIN

The function of the acetyl groups in heroin is completely different than thatin aspirin. In this case, they aremerely delivery devices -sort of molecular UPS trucks.

The two hydroxyl groups in morphine make themolecule hydrophilic (water-loving the opposite of lipophilic fat-loving). Lipophilic molecules are usually better at penetrating cells (and also getting into the brain) because they can pass more easily through cell membranes. Lipophilicityis measured or calculated(2) and expressed by a unit called logP, the higher the value the more lipophilic the molecule. (P is called the partition coefficient.Don't ask.) All you need to know is this:

A drug targeting the central nervous system (CNS) should ideally have a logP value around 2

Source: ACD Labs

Now, let's look at the logP values for morphine, heroin, and its primarymetabolite, 6-monoacetylmorphine. It should not be surprising that each time anacetyl group replaces a hydroxyl groupthe molecule becomesmore lipophilic. (For the chemical structure of these drugs see Figure 2 below.)

Morphine (two hydroxyl group)- 0.8

6-Monoacetylmorphine (one hydroxy group) -1.3

Heroin (no hydroxyl groups) -1.5

Sorry to interrupt your coma, but there is a bit more information you need to know in order to understand why heroin behaves like heroin metabolism.

Although heroin's logPis closeto 2 the ideal value for CNS drugs the difference between it and morphine, 0.7 doesn't seem like a big deal. But keep in mind thata 0.7 log10 unit difference means that heroin is6.5-timesmore lipophilic than morphine, so it gets to the brain more easily (this explains the "heroin rush").

Heroin's two acetyl groups are metabolized at different rates and atdifferent places in the body. This what makes heroin such an effective and deadly drug.

Figure 2. Metabolism of heroin. Original Source: Science Direct

Step 1. The acetyl group at the 3 position of heroin(3) (red box) is very reactive. It is cleaved by esterase enzymesin the blood in a few minutes, forming 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM). This reaction occurs so quickly that heroin doesn't even reach the brain. And if it did, it wouldn't matter because heroin itself is not an opioid agonist.

Step 2. 6-MAM is also deacetylatedin the blood, formingmorphine, but not so fastthat it cannot reach the brain. It does so very quickly. In fact,6-MAM itselfis a mu-opioid agonist and this is probablywhy heroin packs more of a punch than morphine. Additionally, 6-MAM isdeacetylatedby the brain to give morphine.

It is not completely clear whether the "heroin rush" is due to 6-MAM itself, the rapid delivery of 6-MAM to the brain where it is converted to morphine, or both. But it doesn't really matter. Heroin is a very effective pro-drug of morphine (and/or 6-MAM).

It's amazing, in a twisted sort of way, that heroin, the scourge of mankind (at least until fentanyl came along) is a quintessential example of the power of pro-drugs.

Chemistry lesson over. Biochemistry lesson over.

You can wake up now.

NOTES:

(1) At this time chemical structures were unknown. Chemists could not determine how the atoms of a molecule were connected, only the molecular formula of that molecule.

(2) Virtually all the numbers given for logP are calculated, not measured. To do this, itwould take an eternity and cause chemists to be hurling themselvesinto the Kilauea Volcano. I have no idea how this calculation is done and am perfectly content to keep it that way.

(3) Why is that called the 3-position? Although there are rules for assigning numbers tomolecules for the purpose of naming them I'd rather drink nitric acid than go back and relearn them. Nomenclature makes organic chemists (more) crazy.

(4) Aspirin is the only NSAID to inhibit COX by forming a covalent bond. The others do so by tightly (but reversibly) binding to the enzyme.

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All the Chemistry You Never Wanted to Know About Heroin, & More - American Council on Science and Health

Insights on the Furan Resins Global Market to 2026 – Featuring Hongye Chemical, Dyna Chem & Idea Chemical Among Others – ResearchAndMarkets.com -…

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Furan Resins Market - Global Industry Perspective, Comprehensive Analysis and Forecast, 2020 - 2026" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

Furan is a colorless and flammable compound. It is derived from furfural alcohol. It is highly soluble in solvents. Furan resins are primarily obtained from food constituents such as corncobs, sugar bagasse and renewable resources. Furan resins are toxic in nature though they are highly preferred due to its eco-friendly attribute compared to conventional resins that emits VOC contents. It has wide applications such as paints and plastics, gas hardening, foundry, polyols, solvents and amongst others.

The global furan resins market is primarily driven by increasing demand among consumers for bio-based end- products. Secondly, growing environmental awareness and stringent rules and regulation imposed by regulatory bodies are expected to trigger the demand for furan resins over the coming years. However, safety issues related to transportation is likely to impede the growth of the global furan resins market. Nonetheless, ongoing research and development activities are likely to open new doors for the major manufacturers of furan resins market in near future years.

In order to give the users of this report a comprehensive view on the furan resins market, we have included a detailed value chain analysis. To understand the competitive landscape in the market, an analysis of Porter's Five Forces model for the furan resins market has also been included. The study encompasses a market attractiveness analysis, wherein application segments are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate, and general attractiveness.

The global furan resins market is segmented on the basis of applications and region. Based on application segment, the global furan resins market is bifurcated into automotive, foundry, plastic & paints, solvents, and others applications. Among all, automotive governs the market share. Moreover, foundry and plastic & paints are the other important applications that are expected to have the positive impact on the market size within the forecast period.

The report also provides the compounded annual growth rate (% CAGR) for the forecast period 2016 to 2021. Furthermore, the report provides the market size and forecasts in terms of both volumes (kilo tons) and revenue (USD million) for the period 2016 to 2021. The report also encompasses the regional segmentation. Regional segmentation covers the regions as well as country level analysis.

Key Topics Covered:

1. Preface

2. Executive Summary

2.1. Furan Resins Market, 2016 - 2026, (USD Billion)

2.2. Furan Resins Market: Snapshot

3. Global Furan Resins Market - Industry Analysis

3.1. Furan Resins Market: Market Dynamics

3.2. Market Drivers

3.2.1. Increasing demand among consumers for bio-based end products

3.2.2. Growing environmental awareness and stringent rules and regulation imposed by regulatory bodies

3.3. Restraints

3.3.1. Safety issues related to transportation

3.4. Opportunity

3.4.1. Ongoing research and development activities

3.5. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

3.6. Market Attractiveness Analysis

3.6.1. Market attractiveness analysis by Application segment

3.6.2. Market attractiveness analysis by regional segment

4. Global Furan Resins Market - Competitive Landscape

4.1. Company market share analysis

4.1.1. Global Furan Resins market: company market share analysis, 2019

4.2. Strategic development

4.2.1. Acquisitions & mergers

4.2.2. New Furan Resins Type launches

4.2.3. Agreements, partnerships, collaborations and joint ventures

4.2.4. Research and development and regional expansion

5. Global Furan Resins Market - Application Segment Analysis

5.1. Global Furan Resins market overview: by Application

5.1.1. Global Furan Resins market revenue share, by Application, 2019 and 2026

5.2. Automotive

5.2.1. Global Furan Resins market by Automotive, 2016-2026 (USD Billion)

5.3. Foundry

5.3.1. Global Furan Resins market by Foundry, 2016-2026 (USD Billion)

5.4. Plastic & Paints

5.4.1. Global Furan Resins market by Plastic & Paints, 2016-2026 (USD Billion)

5.5. Solvents

5.5.1. Global Furan Resins market by Solvents, 2016-2026 (USD Billion)

5.6. Others

5.6.1. Global Furan Resins market by Others, 2016-2026 (USD Billion)

6. Global Furan Resins Market - Regional Analysis

6.1. Global Furan Resins market overview: by region

6.2. North America

6.3. Europe

6.4. Asia Pacific

6.5. Latin America

6.6. Middle East & Africa

7. Company Profiles

7.1. Hongye Chemical Co. Ltd.

7.2. Dyna Chem Inc

7.3. Ideal Chemical

7.4. Supply Company

7.5. Continental Industries Group Inc

7.6. International process plants

7.7. Nova Molecular technologies

7.8. The Chemical Company

7.9. SolvChem Inc.

7.10. Novasynorganics

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/itv28w

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Insights on the Furan Resins Global Market to 2026 - Featuring Hongye Chemical, Dyna Chem & Idea Chemical Among Others - ResearchAndMarkets.com -...

Chemistry Professor Honored with National Teacher-Scholar Award – Newswise

Newswise OMAHA, Neb. (Oct. 30, 2020) Kayode Oshin, PhD, associate professor of chemistry in the College of Arts and Sciences, has been selected as a 2020 Henry Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar, an award honoring young faculty in the chemical sciences.

Oshin is among eight college and university faculty members honored by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation for creating an outstanding independent body of scholarship and for being deeply committed to education with undergraduates. Each awardee receives an unrestricted research grant of $75,000.

His research cited in the award, Developing New Catalyst Systems for Atom Transfer Radical Addition Reactions, seeks to develop new compounds (intermediates) used by pharmaceutical and chemical industries. These intermediates can serve as essential building blocks in the production of drug molecules, therapeutics and household chemicals, Oshin said.

Oshin said he was delighted with the news of the award because it will bring some national attention to all the amazing work performed by my colleagues within the Chemistry Department and Creighton University as a whole.

He plans to use the grant to provide summer research stipends to Creighton undergraduates and support student travel to regional and national conferences to present research results.

Oshin, who is in his fifth year as a faculty-researcher at Creighton, is also the director of the Haddix STEM Corridor Program.

Since its inception in 1970, the Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar program has awarded more than $52 milion to support emerging young leaders in the chemical sciences. The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation is a nonprofit organization with a mission to advance the science of chemistry, chemical engineering, and related sciences as a means of improving human relations and circumstances around the world."

Learn more about the program and the Dreyfus Foundation here.

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Chemistry Professor Honored with National Teacher-Scholar Award - Newswise

Today’s Office: Chemistry’s Tim Smith on finding time for work and play – The Drum

Chemistrys Tim Smith is working out of Atlanta, which is re-opening slowly. He talks us through his day-to-day routine right now, which has seen him park up to work everywhere from his local park to a near-empty office. Lockdown, he says, has also given him more time to spend on his true passion: painting.

Im based in Atlanta, which is slowly re-opening with precautions. With this in mind, I am either working from our Atlanta office, my house or somewhere outside depending on the weather. Grant Park in my neighborhood is one of my favorite spots right now the fall has been great to sit outside until my computer battery dies.

My days are a lot more relaxed now than they used to be and Im exercising at the end of the day which wasnt possible pre-pandemic. I always had to make sure to get any physical activity before work as there would always be something keeping me late. I can manage anything remotely now, which makes my routine more flexible.

My painting has also benefited. This year has given me more time dedicated to creating and marketing some of my art, even reinvigorating a New Years resolution of putting some paintings online and selling them. I was able to sell a few via Saatchi Art. I am not sure I actually have more time, but I have been able to shift and create a schedule that allows me to stay longer in the studio.

The start of my day was much more chaotic this time last year. My daughter is now at college and my son just goes to the kitchen table for school. The traffic is minimal and I actually have the option each day of will I go into the office or work outside?

I love our office, but I also love the people that make the office. These days Im usually looking at empty desks around me, but we have a handful of rotating folks that visit on various days of the week.

Since lockdown began, communication across offices, between creative, account, media, strategy, is tougher. Folks in every group are talking all the time, but implementing interaction across groups is key. Client interaction outside of the timed-focused Zoom meetings is challenging. We have great relationships and enjoy going beyond the work deliverables, but just hanging out is never on the video call agenda.

I miss the energy and buzz of the agency on full push mode and feeling the adrenaline. I am very ready to go back to normal and incorporate some of what we have learned about how people can and prefer to work. I love what I do and enjoy the mingling of work and play.

One thing Ive noticed about this new way of working is that Its hard to accept change when you have been successful. So the challenge has been how to work differently with the same results. The uncertainty makes it hard to plan, which can create apathy. We are built to make quick decisions and react nimbly to fast-paced client needs, so we have had to implement the same thinking for our own agency needs.

The energy and passion here are inspiring to me and its tough to feel the pulse of the agency over video calls, so in October I decided to meet with each person individually, including interns, either via Zoom or safely in-person. I have learned a lot about what inspires others and that, in turn, has inspired me. There are certainly a lot of big dreams in this agency.

Continue reading here:
Today's Office: Chemistry's Tim Smith on finding time for work and play - The Drum

Jackson: Broncos defense-vs.-offense sideline tiff shows team lacks chemistry needed to win in NFL – The Denver Post

Bright football minds grace the Broncos coaching staff. Ed Donatell, Pat Shurmur and Vic Fangio have 83 years of NFL coaching experience among them. But football acumen is only half the battle.

Football coaches can drill you with Xs and Os and prepare you for any football scenario you encounter, but they cant teach you how to be a family. That you have to learn on your own. And thats exactly what the Broncos appear to be lacking.

Battling on the field together is one part. The other key is getting to know each other as people off the field. Eating together. Sitting around the locker room. Enduring endless meetings. Weight room sessions. Hot tub. Bus rides. Airplanes. Opposing locker rooms. Hotels. Restaurants. Parties. Charity events. Trips to Vegas. Afterparties. Gentlemens clubs. Shared experiences align the spirit, and spirit helps win football games.

The Broncos need to find some of that, and fast.

Tensions boiled over between the Broncos defense and offense last week in the loss to the Chiefs, revealing a fissure in the team that was bound to crack open eventually. The Broncos have a top-tier defense, while the offense is at the bottom of the league in nearly every statistical category.

Its the highest paid defense in the NFL and one of the youngest, most inexperienced offenses. Fangios expertise is on defense and the team was built in his image set up to dominate the offense every day at practice. This might appease the defensive ethos of the coaching staff during the week, but on game day, it results in lopsided performances.

Competitive football teams have balance. They are good in all phases because the standard is the same throughout the team. Every practice is competitive. Anyone can win depending on the day. They cut their teeth on one another with equal ferocity.

So if the defense is markedly better, which appears to be the case for the Broncos at the moment, then its on them to bring the offense up to their standard of play. Not by yelling at them, but by demanding more at practice, in meetings, and amid the daily grind.

So, how do you recalibrate a lopsided team? Only those in that building know how to address that, because only they know the intricacies of their work week. I have no idea where Coach Fangio spends his time during the day. In his office? In the defensive meeting room? I do know that the offense needs some love.

Maybe Vic could lend some of his valuable expertise to the wing that needs it most Pat Shurmur and the struggling Broncos offense. And while hes at it, maybe spend some time in special teams meetings, too. Ed, youve got the fellas this week, Im going to sit with Pat and Drew.

It is already a tall task for a new coach to unify a young team. Add COVID-19 restrictions to the landscape, and you get what you had last week an uneven team in search of an identity.

League protocol kept players away from each other during the offseason. And although they are on the field together now, off the field, theyre still separated. Meetings at home on Zoom, socially distanced at the facility, eating lunch in their cars. No parties. No dinners. No nothing. Just show up wearing a mask, keep your distance from each other and go play football.

Unfortunately for the Broncos, its not that easy.

Nate Jackson is a former wide receiver/tight end for the Broncos who lives in Denver. He works part-time for 104.3 FM The Fan.

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Jackson: Broncos defense-vs.-offense sideline tiff shows team lacks chemistry needed to win in NFL - The Denver Post

Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation to Flourish with an Impressive CAGR During 2020-2030 – The Think Curiouser

Analysis and estimation of important industry trends, market size, and market share are covered in the report. Global Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation market research report helps clients understand various drivers and restraints impacting the market during the forecast period. The market report comprises of data that can be pretty indispensable when it is about dominating the market or making a mark in the market as a latest emergent. Thus, the study of Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation report helps businesses to define their own strategies about the development in the existing product, modifications to consider for the future product, sales, marketing, promotion and distribution of the product in the existing and the new market.

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The overviews, SWOT analysis and strategies of each vendor in the Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation market provide understanding about the market forces and how those can be exploited to create future opportunities.

key players in this market include:

Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation

Jeol Ltd.

Danaher Corporation

Quorum Technologies

Ted Pella

Denton Vacuum

CAMECA

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Scope of the Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation Market Report

The research study analyses the global KEYWORD industry from 360-degree analysis of the market thoroughly delivering insights into the market for better business decisions, considering multiple aspects some of which are listed below as:

by Type, the market is primarily split into

Cutting & Slicing

Fixation

Embedding

Coating immuno-gold labelling

Others

by Application, this report covers the following segments

Life Sciences

Material Sciences

Biomedical Sample

Material Sample

Global Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation market: regional analysis, the major regions covered in the report are:

North America

United States

Canada

Europe

Germany

France

U.K.

Italy

Russia

Nordic

Rest of Europe

Asia-Pacific

China

Japan

South Korea

Southeast Asia

India

Australia

Rest of Asia-Pacific

Latin America

Mexico

Brazil

Middle East & Africa

Turkey

Saudi Arabia

UAE

Rest of Middle East & Africa

Recent Developments

o Market Overview and growth analysis

o Import and Export Overview

o Volume Analysis

o Current Market Trends and Future Outlook

o Market Opportunistic and Attractive Investment Segment

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Key Questions Answered by Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation Market Report1. What was the Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation Market size in 2019 and 2020; what are the estimated growth trends and market forecast (2020-2025).2. What will be the CAGR of Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation Market during the forecast period (2020-2025)?3. Which segments (product type/applications/end-user) were most attractive for investments in 2018? How these segments are expected to grow during the forecast period (2020-2025).4. Which manufacturer/vendor/players in the Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation Market was the market leader in 2018?5. Overview on the existing product portfolio, products in the pipeline, and strategic initiatives taken by key vendors in the market.

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Analytical Chemistry Sample Preparation to Flourish with an Impressive CAGR During 2020-2030 - The Think Curiouser