Diego Maradona did ‘everything better and bigger, but fell more dangerously and darker’ – WDJT

By Matias Grez, CNN

(CNN) -- Dawn had barely broken and already the queue of people waiting to pay their respects to Diego Maradona, who was lying in honor at the presidential palace in Buenos Aires, was estimated to be more than a mile long.

Some media outlets put the number of fans that would eventually gather there at around one million.

Across the Argentine capital, the city of his beloved Boca Juniors, many more paid their own special homage throughout the night, the innumerable murals of Maradona painted around the city each acting as a shrine.

Fans laid out the shirts of Argentina, Boca and Argentinos Juniors -- Maradona's first club -- across the pavements, lit candles and brought flowers. As they congregated, there was a mixture of celebration for what was and grief that his enigmatic story had ended.

His death on Wednesday prompted an outpouring of sorrow, led by President Alberto Fernndez who quickly announced three days of national mourning.

The impact of Maradona's passing, however, will be felt for many years to come in Argentina.

READ: The tormented genius who became one of football's greatest players

"For many reasons, which would probably take anthropologists and sociologists years to unravel, in Argentina football has a significant cultural role as a unifying factor in the forging of our national identity," Argentine journalist Marcela Mora y Araujo tells CNN Sport.

"So the combination of the game that people like to identify with and the best player in the world also identifying with that national emblem has led to him becoming a very treasured Argentinian -- almost national monument.

"His coffin is lying in wake today, in exactly the same way and place, where Evita's was and Peron's [former Argentina president and first lady] after her and so, in a sense, he is continuing a tradition of time honored Argentines who are also quite divisive.

"It doesn't mean everybody feels the same way about them all or that they're not controversial figures, but they represent something very, very, very key to the core of being Argentinian."

READ: Naples mourns Diego Maradona as his former club bids to rename the stadium in his honor

Maradona was Argentina's "Golden Boy," unquestionably the greatest player of his generation and one of the greatest in the game's history.

While he was already an icon before Argentina's victorious 1986 World Cup campaign, his performances in Mexico -- in particular the quarterfinal against England, which was played four years after the bloody Falklands War -- ensured his immortality in Argentina.

"D10s" -- with the letters 'i' and 'o' replaced by his iconic No. 10 -- would go on to become one of his enduring nicknames. "God."

Maradona, as has been widely documented, was flawed, but perhaps people saw some of themselves in those imperfections.

Born in the poor Villa Fiorito area of Buenos Aires, he raised himself out of poverty but never forgot where he came from.

"He was quite unique in the ability to be quite so vulnerable, so weak, so damaged, if you like, and also so successful, so gifted, so brilliant," Mora y Araujo says. "So in a way, we are all a little bit like him and he represents all men and all humans.

"We all identify to some level with some of his contradictions, some of his vulnerabilities, some of his issues and he was just an extreme exponent, like a pendulum. He did everything better, bigger, more, and he fell lower, more dangerously and darker.

"I would suggest that's the universal aspect of his appeal. I think people all over the world identify and acknowledge and recognize that and feel somehow reassured by the incredible humanity of someone who is seemingly superhuman."

READ: Diego Maradona lying in honor at Argentina's presidential palace

On the field, however, Maradona was as close to perfect as the game is ever likely to find.

He played football in an era not meant for players of his abilities; pitches were mud baths or dry and dusty and defenders were given free rein to scythe him down as they pleased.

But still Maradona shone, and far brighter than any of his contemporaries.

In other parts of the world -- notably England -- Maradona's "Hand of God" goal continues to remain arguably his most defining moment.

In Argentina, however, that incident is just a side note in an extraordinary legacy.

For many, it was sad to watch Maradona's health deteriorate following the end of his playing career, as he sought to fill the void that the joy of playing football had left.

"Definitely the images of the young, able Maradona dribbling, kicking the ball up in the air, smiling, training to music will prevail and they will be played over and over on a loop," Mora y Araujo says.

"I think the images of the more deteriorated Maradona might well be the more recent, but I don't necessarily think they will be the more enduring.

"If you look at pictures of him over time, he, you know, balloons in and out, he looks ill and well, old and young at various points. It's not a linear transformation at all.

"Interestingly, the still images of him overtime do exactly the same thing. You just see somebody that ages and rejuvenates and gets fatter and thinner and fitter and iller over time, not in a linear way.

"So I suspect that is what we will be left with, is this incredibly transformative being that in every expression of themselves actually had the same effect, ultimately, which is to impact millions and millions of lives."

With his death, millions of Argentines have lost a link to a glorious past, one in which they and Maradona ruled the world of football.

The-CNN-Wire & 2020 Cable News Network, Inc., a WarnerMedia Company. All rights reserved.

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Diego Maradona did 'everything better and bigger, but fell more dangerously and darker' - WDJT

Who are Wishful Thinkers and How Can you Capture Them? – Travel Market Report

Sixty-one percent of consumers in a recent travel study consider themselves Wishful Thinkers, namely people who (prior to COVID-19) want to travel but dont do it nearly enough. While some of these respondents pull the trigger now and again, the majority of them just arent taking the trips they dream about.

The results, which come from a study recently commissioned by a veteran tour operator who wanted to gain some insight on todays travelers, prompted the staff at Travel Market Report to find out how travel advisors can convert these dreamers to doers?

In our interviews with advisors, the advice was never ending. And yet there was a common theme that echoed in each response: personal.

Whether referring to the personal attention an advisor provides, the personal experience someone has in-destination or the personal connection someone makes to a social media post that gets them excited about traveling, the word personal was paramount when asked how travel advisors can best win over this group.

Hands-on Service Wins Every TimeIts no industry secret that personal attention from a travel advisor can make all the difference. A tried-and-true method, Susan Mirabito, executive vice president of operations for the Travel Network/Vacation Central in Anglewood Cliff, New Jersey, said its the one refrain she consistently uses in motivating her team of advisors. I always remind them its about human contact, going back to sending a physical snail mail card and saying thank you for your business. Its about asking the client what their interests are and what their level of comfort is and being able to provide all of what they need.

Mirabito teased that travel is the only industry where you can ask how and where your clients sleep and not get slapped. Do a husband and wife want one bed or twins? Do they want separate rooms? If youre not asking these questions, youre not serving your client properly.

She went on to point out that the millennial demographic is using travel advisors more than any other demographic (with Gen Xers close behind). Why? Because they are looking for authentic experiences and they want a flawless vacation. They want their interests and needs met.

Personal interaction is the tipping point, agreed Jeff Leach, owner of owner of Dream Vacations in Omaha, Nebraska, who noted that his agency is not investing money in marketing right now, but rather spending its dollars on personal interaction opportunities where he and his wife (and agency partner) can tell their travel stories. Leachs agency relies heavily on face-to-face marketing at expos, through sponsoring golf events and presenting at weekly referral groups, which all provide the opportunity to talk freely with people without making a hard sell. I was anxious about my first trip to Europe, worried about the food and the flying, so when I share my own story with people, it makes them feel more comfortable. When someone is on the fence about traveling, its nice when they can talk with someone who can relate to what theyre feeling.

Social Media Bridges the GapAlthough some might argue that social media is anything but personal, many advisors we spoke with said the opposite ? claiming that platforms like Facebook, YouTube and Instagram serve as a private window to their personal travels, thus giving viewers an intimate look at the experience. Unlike traditional resort brand photography that seems to go unnoticed or fall flat with users, personal photos and experiences captured on video are providing the push many wishful thinkers need to seal the deal on a vacation.

Today, social media is the access point to our customers. We have to leverage that as best we can, said James Berglie, president of Be All Inclusive in Fallston, Maryland. The best way to show the client experience is for advisors to travel and do fam trips.

Leach concurred with Berglie, adding that prior to COVID-19, social media was one of the best avenues theyve ever employed because it showed how much fun we were having in our personal travels. We would post one photo and when we got back we were flooded with calls.

Groups Help Extend the Personal ExperienceA few of the advisors we interviewed rely heavily on groups, whether it be for a destination wedding or otherwise. By their accounts, group business is the best path towards repeat business, as it provides new travelers with an experience they might have otherwise not taken, as well as a go-to person they can contact for future vacations.

Most of Sarah Klines business consists of brides and grooms and their groups. Thanks to her niche, she has the opportunity to deal with a wide range of people, who in many cases find group travel and the assistance of an on-site group leader more comforting than going it alone. I love dealing with the first experience people but the truth is, they wouldnt ever go if it wasnt for their friends and families going.

Kline, president of Time For Travel, Ltd., based in Davidsonville, Maryland, points out that these wishful thinkers typically take the plunge after they have been invited to either a destination wedding or some type of milestone group trip and its all they needed to catch the travel bug. When that happens, she inherits a whole new set of clients.

A Promise of Security Goes A Long WayAlthough potential travelers cannot always be escorted personally to a destination, there is a certain level of security that feels personal when you know an advisor is just a phone call or text message away.

Everybody wants to travel but there is a fear of security, said Mirabito. Some people have this misnomer that nothing is going to go wrong. But things go wrong and you have to have the security of knowing there is someone you can call. By using an advisor or tour operator, especially one who has a great in-destination company, there is someone there to look out for you. The security of having an advisor can make people travel.

Kline added that whatever their fears, serving as a second set of eyes for her clients is the confirmation they need to go, not to mention providing them with insurance coverage and not sending a client someplace she has never been. I wont send anybody anywhere I wouldnt go or wouldnt take my family to.

While personal undoubtedly topped the list of advice handed out by advisors, there were some additional takeaways worth noting. For example, the ability to stagger payments for a trip and have it automatically deducted from your account can sometimes ease a clients concerns over budgeting for a vacation. Also, rather than having your client develop a bucket list, why not consider a Save for Later list that speaks less to their immortality and more to the future vacations that are within their reach both economically and geographically?

The best news from this study? Knowing there is a large group of untapped travelers just waiting for the right advisor with the tools to change their minds.

FROM THE SPONSOR: ALG VacationsWalking on Sunshine/The Rise to Recovery

To help travel advisors keep their eyes skyward,ALG Vacationshas garnered an all-new collection of tools and resources to light the way to your recovery:WalkingonSunshine. With our sharable content, you'll be able to build customer confidence, showing that, with the right precautions, travel is safe.

Since its launch, more than 2800 potential travelers have taken the Travel Readiness Quiz. That number is growing significantly every day, and the results are encouraging. Arm your customers with what they need to take that next step. VisitiReportTravel.com, an all-new user generated review hub with on-the-ground accounts from real customers in open destinations! Weve gathered the content that will make all the difference in getting your clients to book now. Help us share it, and were one step closer to recovery. Your advice, along with that of their fellow vacationers, is a winning combination for the rise to recovery.

Actively engage with your customers and remind them of our Cancel for Any Reason waiver with Travel Protection Plus. Be proactive in getting your business back. Because clearly, theres never been a time when a professional travel advisors advice and experience has been more valuable.

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Who are Wishful Thinkers and How Can you Capture Them? - Travel Market Report

The myth of the apple – Evangelical Focus

Like an apple tree among the trees of the forest

is my beloved among the young men.

I delight to sit in his shade,

and his fruit is sweet to my taste.

(Song of Songs 2:3)

The Hebrew word thappuakh means apple or apple tree and refers to a species of tree now known as Malus domestica or common apple tree.

This name was translated into Greek as melon, and into Latin as malum. It is a fruit tree that was mentioned in the Old Testament and grew abundantly in Ashkelon, the country of the Philistines. There were several places that bore this name in the Hebrew Bible, such as Tapa (Joshua 12:17; 15;34; 17:8) and Bet-tapa (Joshua 15:53), which probably indicates that there were plantations of apple trees in many different parts of the Biblical lands.

Besides, in the book of Joel it appears as one of the fruit trees that were grown next to the vine, the fig-tree and the palm-tree (Joel 1:12). It was a plant that not only produced sweet, healthy fruit, but also provided very welcome protection from the burning rays of the sun (Song of Songs 2:3). Under its shade you could sleep peacefully (Song of Songs 8:5), and its aroma could reanimate you if you fainted (Song of Songs 2:5).

The Egyptians also grew these trees as far back as the era of Rameses II (13th century BC). Likewise, the Greeks associated their fruit with Aphrodite, the goddess of love, beauty and sexuality. The lover would throw an apple to his beloved to symbolically express his love for her and, if she caught it, it meant that she accepted him. [1]

Another popular myth, related with the Biblical story of the Fall and sin of Adam and Eve, is the belief that the forbidden fruit was an apple.

Scripture refers, in fact, to the fruit of the tree in the middle of the garden (Genesis 3:3), but it says nothing about apples. So why have so many painters and illustrators since ancient times represented Eve as biting an apple and then passing it to Adam? Why have artists and writers, from Albert Drer in 1504 to John Milton, in his 17th century narrative poem Paradise Lost insisted so strongly on the apple of discord?

The answer lies in the curious play on the Latin words, dating from the 4th century AD, associated with the Vulgate translation.

In fact, in the year 374, Pope Damasus I asked his secretary, the historian Jerome of Stridon, to translate the Bible into spoken Latin, from the earliest Hebrew versions available. This translation took 15 years to complete, and came to be known as the Vulgate. Later, in 1546, it was approved by the Council of Trent, and went on to become the official version of the Catholic Church.

The reference to the apple originated in the similarity in Latin between two Latin words. Jerome ingeniously conflated the Latin adjective malus, meaning bad, and the noun malum, which means apple to show how Eve, in biting the malum (the apple) fell prey to malus (evil).

resco de la Capilla Sixtina (Vaticano) pintado por Miguel ngel a principios del siglo XVI, en el que se representa la tentacin de Adn y Eva

However, the Hebrew text does not specify which fruit it was but uses the general term peri, which could refer to any kind of fruit. Some Jewish commentators suggest that it might have been a fig. This, in fact, is the fruit that Michelangelo painted in the famous scene of the temptation and expulsion from Eden depicted in the Sistine Chapel.

Other authors, besides apples and figs, refer to pomegranates, grapes, apricots, etc. Despite this, apples gained in popularity at the expense of the other options, especially after Albert Drers engraving, and thus other artists followed suit, so that Eves apple became widespread and became the myth that is now taken for granted.

From a botanical point of view, the origin of the apple tree is uncertain, though it is believed that other wild species like the Malus sylvestris, Malus orientalis and Malus sieversii became intermingled with the Malus domestica species cultivated by humans. This would locate the origin of the tree in Caucasia and Turkestan (central Asia). From there it would have spread to Palestine, Egypt, Greece, from where the Romans might have introduced the fruit to Europe. Now more than a thousand varieties of apples are grown throughout the world, the results of countless hybridations with wild apple species.

The apple is one of the healthiest fruits that exist as its nutrients are a source of numerous benefits for human beings. In particular, it is rich in pectin, a type of soluble fibre which forms part of the cell wall of plants. When this substance combines with sugar or different acids, it forms a jelly-like substance that is used to make jam. This soluble fibre helps to reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood, which makes apples a good means of keeping cholesterol under control.

Another interesting substance in this fruit is quercitin, a natural colouring which has antioxidant properties, that is to say, it neutralises the free radicals which oxidise the organism and contribute to the appearance of numerous diseases, such as a range of cancerous tumours. In this way, apples help to keep the intestines, and therefore the whole body, in a healthy condition.

In Greek Mythology, the Hesperides were nymphs who lived in a garden, known as the Hesperides Garden, where a very special apple tree grew. It was a tree that produced golden apples, which imparted immortality to whoever ate them (note the similarities with the Biblical story). The task of the Hesperides consisted in protecting this apple tree from any mortal who tried to steal the apples in order to become immortal. To this end, they were able to count on the help of a hundred-headed dragon called Ladon.

Hugh Macmillan (1833 1903), a minister of the Free Church of Scotland wrote the following, with reference to such dreams of immortality:

All these dreams have turned out to be vain and empty of meaning. They arise from earthly longings, rather than a divine promise: they are the fruit of egotism, not of holy aspiration. In a fallen world full of the sorrow caused by sin, no man can achieve fulfilment. Every fruit in the affairs of humankind is marked by suffering and only won through pain. Earthly happiness is a flower that always grows out of a cruel thorn, masked by human manipulation. The poetic myth that places the golden apples in the Hesperides, a garden guarded by dragons, is an allegory of our human reality: if we do not put to death the dragons of egotism and sloth we shall never achieve golden success in life. And even if we could achieve the objects of our desire without work or effort, we would not be able to enjoy them, because if we wish them to do us any real good, they must be the result of our self-denial and hard-work. This is the great lesson that we learn from way in which the Lord performed his miracles. They teach us that both in temporal and in spiritual matters, we cannot glibly throw ourselves into the arms of divine providence and grace if this means that we neglect our own responsibility and the work that it is our part to perform. [2]

[1]Edmonds, J. M., trans.; rev. John M. Cooper. "Epigrams".Plato: Complete Works.Ed. John M. Cooper. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1997, p. 1744.

[2]Spurgeon, The Treasury of David

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The myth of the apple - Evangelical Focus

Never Seen Before Tolkien Works Will Be Published In 2021 – Unreserved Media

Lovers of Middle-earth rejoice, because next year there may be more to read of the magical land that has become beloved internationally by so many. This new collection explores the heart of the land filled with elves, dwarves, hobbits and magic in only the way Tolkien can satisfy.

The collection, titled The Nature of Middle-earth, covers themes including Elvish immortality and reincarnation as well as the geography of places where some of Tolkiens most famous epic fantasies were set.

Which is no surprise considering how much thought he put into the description of every path and woodland mystery in the Fellowship of the Ring when Frodo and gang leave the Shire for the first time.

Not only will this collection give more depth to the already considerable Middle-earth legendarium, but it may also even settle the long-running debate among readers about whether dwarf women had beards. Which will hopefully quell the debate thats been raging on Reddit for years.

Considered one of the founding fathers of modern fantasy, Tolkien is best known for his novels The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, published in 1937 and 1954-1955. Translated in over 70 languages, the books are international bestsellers made even more famous by the well-received Hollywood trilogies directed by Peter Jackson.

The British author didnt stop there, he continued to write about Middle-earth in the following decades, right up until the years preceding his death in 1973. Tolkiens love for developing the land and its lore is obvious to anyone who delves into his literature.

For him, Middle-earth was part of an entire world to be explored, and the writings in The Nature of Middle-earthreveal the journeys that he took as he sought to better understand his unique creation, Deb Brody, vice-president of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt explains.

After his death, his son Christopher Tolkien worked on editing and putting together many of his unpublished works as his literary executor. Much of his writing was in pen and on scraps of paper, some drafts written over other drafts. From the manuscripts, he managed to publish various works such as The Silmarillion, The Children of Hrin andmore recently The Fall of Gondolin.

With Christopher having passed away earlier this year, The Nature of Middle-earth has been edited by Carl F. Hostetter, one of the worlds leading Tolkien experts and respected head of the Elvish Linguistic Fellowship. This international organisation, founded in 1988, studies the fictitious languages imagined by J.R.R. Tolkien.

To get ready for the new information, take a little journey through Middle-earth with this extensive interactive map created by chemical engineer Emil Johansson here.The book itself is due out 24 June 24 2021, and is published by HarperCollins in the UK and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in North America.

Source: AFP Relax News

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David Fincher’s ‘Mank’ is a good Netflix movie about making the best movie ever – The Arizona Republic

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The task at hand is to talk about Mank, David Finchers complicated new film about screenwriter Herman Mankiewicz.

But we cant really do that without also talking about another film: Citizen Kane, which Mankiewicz co-wrote or wrote, depending on whom you listen to. Mank leaves no doubt.

It is the story of how Mankiewicz, played brilliantly by Gary Oldman, wrote Citizen Kane, despite being drunk, dissolute and broken literally; hes in a cast throughout, the result of a fractured leg suffered in a car accident.

It worked out. Citizen Kane is generally regarded as the greatest movie ever made, and wewill not argue against that assessment.

But its lofty status scares some people off. Oh, it must be stodgy critic-bait, easier to admire than love.

Nothing could be further from the truth. While its hugely influential and undeniably important, Citizen Kane is also a hoot, an entertaining dismantling of the rich and powerful, a thinly veiled takedown of William Randolph Hearst that is genuinely thrilling as it goes about its business.

Its not the film you might think it is, in other words.

Mank kind of is.

A history of Hollywood as much as a story of Mankiewiczs screenwriting, Mank has an air of importance about it, Oldmans freewheeling performance notwithstanding. Give Oldman a role where his character drinks and smokes too much and hes a marvel. (He did win an Oscar for playing Winston Churchill in Darkest Hour, after all.)

Mankiewicz is confined to a bed in remote Victorville, California, a setup arranged by 24-year-old Orson Welles (Tom Burke). The idea is to let Mankiewiczs leg heal, get the script written and dry him out.

Two out of three aint bad.

Mankiewicz dictates pages of the script to Rita (Lily Collins), his assistant, who is patient but not infinitely so. Theres a German housekeeper, and John Houseman (Sam Troughton) prods Mankiewicz along asWelles enforcer.

But Fincher (working from a script by his late father, Jack, who died in 2003) isnt especially interested in the creative process. Hes more concerned with what got Mankiewicz to this point, and with whats gone on in the world along the way.

Much of the film, then, takes place in flashbacks. A noted script doctor (he worked on films like The Wizard of Oz and Dinner at Eight), Mankiewicz, a former reporter and theater critic, had a brilliant, savage wit that he didnt bother to tame, no matter whom he was around. Being constantly soused probably didnt help. An inveterate gambler, we see him betting on coin flips in the writers room.

But studio executives valued Mankiewiczs talent and put up with him, at least for a time.

He also had an unlikely friendship with Hearst (Charles Dance, who plays Hearst as more bemused than anything else), serving as sort of the court jester, it seems, as well as with Hearsts partner, Marion Davies, played by an outstanding Amanda Seyfried, with by far the most heartfelt performance in the film.

Her friendship with Mankiewicz is the most genuine and honest he has. Seyfried energizes the film whenever she appears, a voice of hard-won wisdom.

For her trouble, she would be depicted in Citizen Kane as the flighty, untalented shrew for whom Kane tried to buy a career. (In real life, she enjoyed much more success.) And we know how Mankiewicz depicted Hearst, as Kane.

Why? Maybe he just couldnt help himself (a recurringtheme in his life), but more likely it appears he was just fed up. We see the studios thriving as the Depression cripples families.

Through misleading newsreels genuine fake news movie moguls influence the California gubernatorial election (interesting enough, but something Fincher spends far too much time dissecting).

By the time Welles hired him, Mankiewicz really had nothing to lose, not that he was bound by constraints anyway. His self-destructive lifestyle would lead to his death at 55.

But here he had his one last chance, a shot at immortality, though of course you cant know that when youre in the middle of it. But Mankiewicz did know he was onto something,enough so that he wanted credit, something in the film that Welles plans to take for himself (as part of their business agreement).

Oldman really nails the arrogance and self-loathing that drove Mankiewicz. He cant decide if life is agony or one big joke. Or maybe both.

Mank is all over the place. It'san obvious labor of love for Fincher, which may explain that. But its a good movie that is at least in part about the making of a great one. Watch it, and learn about Mankiewicz.

Then when youre done, watch (or rewatch) his masterpiece.

Great Good

Fair Bad Bomb

Director: David Fincher.

Cast: Gary Oldman, Amanda Seyfried, Lily Collins.

Rating: R for some language.

Note: Streams on Netflix on Dec. 4.

Reach Goodykoontz at bill.goodykoontz@arizonarepublic.com. Facebook: facebook.com/GoodyOnFilm. Twitter: @goodyk.

Subscribe to azcentral.com today. What are you waiting for?

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David Fincher's 'Mank' is a good Netflix movie about making the best movie ever - The Arizona Republic

Reminiscing grandmother during days of coronavirus – Hurriyet Daily News

If there is something that is common to a big number of people right now is fear. Fear is always there, of course, and it is part of our existence. But usually, fear is accompanied by the object of fear. I am afraid of The more specific the object of our fear, the more we could rationalize and gather strength to combat it. The less specific it is, the more difficult it becomes for us to organize ourselves to fight it.

For example, my grandmother was very practical about it. She was always religious, attending mass when she should and when her neighbors would see that she did. As a widow for over forty years, with two living children of the three that she brought to the world, she had to care for her social integrity as well as fending for her family. So, for most of her life, her relationship with God, death, afterlife, and all the rest, was more let us say, practical. She attended all the rites she had to, lit candles for her lost third child who died at the age of five of meningitis, for her husband and her in-laws. She fasted throughout the 40 days of Lent before the Orthodox Easter and never missed weddings, baptisms and funerals.

When she stepped into her 80s, she became more philosophical. Having attended only the first three years in a primary school, her reading capacity was limited. Yet, like all women of her age in their 80s, they know the New Testament almost by heart and there is nothing more that they need. The rest of her intellectual needs was fulfilled by her enormous capacity to recite rhyming proverbs and fairy tales full of poetic imagery and philosophical perceptions. It was during that period, the last decade of her life when she took death seriously. I mean as a logical possibility. And she devised a daily method of dealing with it, a method which was connected with the time factor. So, she started a ritual of daily prayers of thanks that she would do twice a day - one after waking up every morning to thank God for she is alive, and the second before she went to bed for having lived one more day. Even at her very end, she kept at least part of this ritual alive although her brain had already abandoned her.

Why did I think of her? Obviously, because of our current relationship with the fear of COVID-19, a constant underlying fear of being the next victim of this creature, which looks like a surreal colorful sea urchin, and can choose any of us at any moment to put an end to our life. And it is not a real fear that we feel. It is also not a deep feeling of the unavoidable human fate like the one that my grandmother felt and tried to exorcize through her daily prayers of thanks.

The worst is that we are not even afraid of being the next victim; we are in that middle-of-the-road situation where we cannot organize our psychology. We have become desensitized to it but are sure of our self-importance and immortality in this world, unlike my grandmother, who thought that every extra day in her life was a gift.

coronavirus,

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Diabetes, Hypertension Linked to COVID-19-Related Neurological Complications – MD Magazine

This article was originally published on Diagnostic Imaging.

According to a new study, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive patients who had hypertension and type 2 diabetes were more likely to experience the neurological complications, including bleeding in the brain and stroke, that come with the virus.

Based on CT and MRI images, investigators from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania determined that these chronic conditions could play a role in which patients are impacted by more than just the hallmark lung inflammation that comes with viral infection.

COVID-19s effects extend far beyond the chest, said lead study author Colbey W. Freeman, M.D., chief resident in the Penn Medicine radiology department. While complications in the brain are rare, they are an increasingly reported and potentially devastating consequence of COVID-19 infection.

Freemans team will present their findings during this years Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) annual meeting.

In an effort to better understand how COVID-19 impacts the body, they examined head CT and/or MRI images for patients positive for the virus who presented to the University of Pennsylvania health system from January 2020-April 2020.

A total of 81 of the 1,357 COVID-19-positive patients who were admitted underwent a brain scan prompted by either altered mental state or focal neurological deficits, including speech and vision problems.

Based on the teams analysis, 18 patients slightly over 20% had findings that were considered critical, such as strokes, brain bleeds, or blocked blood vessels. And, of that group, at least half also had a pre-existing history of high blood pressure or type 2 diabetes.

COVID-19 is associated with neurological manifestations, and hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are common in individuals who develop these manifestations, Freeman said. These populations may be at higher risk for neurologic complications and should be monitored closely.

The team also found that two-thirds of the patients who had critical findings were African American, indicating COVID-19 positive patients in that minority group should be monitored more closely. And, among the entire group of 18 with emergent findings, three died while in the hospital, the team said.

Although this study revealed a role for high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes in the neurological impact of the virus, investigators still do not know exactly what causes those complications.

The mechanisms could be multi-factorial, and the generally accepted belief is that infection-associated inflammation is responsible, they said. In this study, in particular, they reported blood markers for inflammation were high in patients who had critical results.

When your body is in an inflammatory state, it produces all these molecules called cytokines to help recruit the immune system to perform its function, Freeman said. Unfortunately, if cytokines are over-produced, the immune response actually starts doing damage.

Using data from this study, the team is also looking at the how frequently COVID-19-positive patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) a pump system that circulates and replenishes oxygen in the blood experience neurological complications. Many patients included in this study required ECMO during hospitalization.

Future plans include a larger prospective study to investigate delayed, long-term, and chronic neurologic manifestations that have not currently been identified, but that might manifest later.

The study, "Diabetes, Hypertension May Increase Risk of COVID-19 Brain Complications," was published online by RSNA.

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Diabetes, Hypertension Linked to COVID-19-Related Neurological Complications - MD Magazine

IDSA, AAN, and ACR Release Guidelines for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lyme Disease – Newswise

Newswise New evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease have been developed by a multidisciplinary panel led by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American Academy of Neurology, and the American College of Rheumatology. Representatives from an additional 12 medical specialties and patients also served on the panel.

The guidelines provide practical recommendations for clinicians treating patients with Lyme disease, including, but not limited to, primary care physicians, infectious diseases specialists, emergency physicians, internists, pediatricians, family physicians, neurologists, rheumatologists, cardiologists, and dermatologists.

These recommendations aim to serve as a meaningful resource for the safe, effective, evidence-based care of people with Lyme disease. They address clinical questions related to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease; complications from neurologic, cardiac, and rheumatic symptoms; disease expression commonly seen in Eurasia; and complications from coinfection with other tick-borne pathogens.

The guidelines include 43 recommendations related to diagnostic testing, including testing scenarios (such as for certain neurologic, psychologic, behavioral, cardiac, and rheumatologic syndromes); detailed recommendations about Lyme carditis; and a discussion of chronic Lyme disease.

Among the diagnostic testing recommendations, the guidelines recommend clinical diagnosis without laboratory testing for people with a skin rash characteristic of early Lyme disease. For people with other signs of Lyme disease, such as swollen joints or meningitis, the guidelines recommend antibody testing.

Among the treatment recommendations, the guidelines recommend oral antibiotic therapy for most patients with Lyme disease. The recommended duration of therapy is 10 to 14 days for early Lyme disease, 14 days for Lyme carditis, 14 to 21 days for neurologic Lyme disease, and 28 days for late Lyme arthritis. Retreatment may be indicated for individuals with arthritis who have failed a first course of treatment.

The recommendations are grounded in a rigorous, systematic review of available evidence surrounding prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The panel adhered to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the certainty of the evidence and strength of recommendations. The guidelines are voluntary and it is up to clinicians to determine which treatments are best for individual patient scenarios.

Each of the three sponsoring organizations elected a co-chair to lead the guideline panel. A fourth co-chair was selected for their expertise in guideline methodology. A total of 36 panelists comprised the full panel, and the panel also included three patient representatives and one health care consumer representative.

About 30,000 cases of Lyme disease are reported annually, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates there are more than 300,000 cases in the United States each year.

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About IDSA

The Infectious Diseases Society of America is a community of over 12,000 physicians, scientists, and public health experts who specialize in infectious diseases. Its purpose is to improve the health of individuals, communities, and society by promoting excellence in patient care, education, research, public health, and prevention relating to infectious diseases. Learn more at https://www.idsociety.org/.

About AAN

The American Academy of Neurology is the worlds largest association of neurologists and neuroscience professionals, with more than 36,000 members. The AAN is dedicated to promoting the highest quality patient-centered neurologic care. Learn more at https://www.aan.com/.

About ACR

The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) is an international medical society representing over 7,700 rheumatologists and rheumatology health professionals with a mission to empower rheumatology professionals to excel in their specialty. In doing so, the ACR offers education, research, advocacy, and practice management support to help its members continue their innovative work and provide quality patient care. Learn more at https://www.rheumatology.org/

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IDSA, AAN, and ACR Release Guidelines for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lyme Disease - Newswise

Cell discovery may be key to treating currently incurable neurological diseases – Eyewitness News (WEHT/WTVW)

Posted: Nov 29, 2020 / 01:55 PM CST / Updated: Nov 29, 2020 / 04:30 PM CST

Dr. Benjamin Segal (left) and Dr. Andrew Sas examine the properties of a newly-discovered cell in a lab at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. This immune cell has the potential to treat neurological conditions long believed to be incurable, including multiple sclerosis, ALS and spinal cord injuries.

COLUMBUS, Ohio (WEHT) For the millions of people suffering from a neurological condition, the devastating effects have long been believed to be irreversible. A discovery at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center provides new hope for recovery from degenerative neurological diseases such as ALS and multiple sclerosis as well as from damage caused by traumatic brain and spine injuries and stroke.

The cell discovered by these researchers is a type of white blood cell that not only prevents nerve cell death, but partially reverses nerve fiber damage and promotes nervous system repair. Study findings are published in the journal Nature Immunology.

This immune cell subset secretes growth factors that enhance the survival of nerve cells following traumatic injury to the central nervous system. It stimulates severed nerve fibers to regrow in the central nervous system, which is really unprecedented, said Dr. Benjamin Segal, professor and chair of the Department of Neurology at The Ohio State College of Medicine and co-director of the Ohio State Wexner Medical Centers Neurological Institute.

The next step is to harness this cell and grow it in a lab to enhance its healing effects. Researchers hope these cells can then be injected into patients to improve function and mobility and slow or stop degenerative decline.

For the latest breaking news and stories from across theTri-State, follow Eyewitness News onFacebookandTwitter.

(This story was originally published on November 29, 2020)

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Cell discovery may be key to treating currently incurable neurological diseases - Eyewitness News (WEHT/WTVW)

Eisai and Wren Therapeutics Enter Into Research Collaboration Agreement for Drug Discovery for Synucleinopathies – Business Wire

TOKYO & CAMBRIDGE, England--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Eisai Co., Ltd. (Headquarters: Tokyo, CEO: Haruo Naito, Eisai) and Wren Therapeutics Ltd. (Headquarters: Cambridge, UK, Wren) today announced that the companies have entered into an exclusive research collaboration agreement aiming to advance the discovery of novel small molecules that target -synuclein for the potential treatment of synucleinopathies including Parkinsons disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Wren possesses a novel network kinetics drug discovery platform that precisely quantifies the effects of small molecules on the protein misfolding and aggregation pathway that causes neurodegenerative diseases. Wrens approach to synucleinopathies is focused on identifying novel small molecules that selectively control the aggregation process of -synuclein, which is associated with the onset and progression of these diseases. The collaboration will use Wrens network kinetics drug discovery platform, alongside Eisais extensive experience in drug discovery for neurodegenerative disorders, to accelerate the development of clinical candidates.

Dr. Samuel Cohen, Chief Executive Officer of Wren, commented: We are delighted to have formed this collaboration with Eisai, a company with a distinguished track record and company-wide commitment to providing innovative treatments for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. We believe that by combining our unique, predictive and quantitatively driven platform with Eisais deep expertise in neurology, we can together advance highly differentiated small molecules targeting -synuclein for the treatment of debilitating protein misfolding disorders such as Parkinsons disease.

Dr. Teiji Kimura, Vice President, Chief Discovery Officer of the Eisai Neurology Business Group, commented: Synucleinopathies such as dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinsons disease represent a significant unmet medical need due to the lack of any effective disease-modifying treatments. The accumulation of -synuclein oligomers with protein misfolding is an important hallmark of these diseases. The Wren team, with its world-renowned founding scientists, is pioneering a new and fundamentally different approach to addressing protein misfolding diseases. By integrating capabilities across both companies we expect this exciting collaboration to be uniquely successful in identifying novel disease-modifying therapeutics for patients suffering from dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinsons disease and related disorders.

About Wrens novel network kinetics drug discovery platformWrens proprietary network kinetics drug discovery platform enables an entirely new approach to drug discovery, designed specifically to address the unique challenges associated with protein misfolding diseases. The kinetics-based approach solves for the distinct molecular reaction network that underlies each misfolding disease and produces a fully predictive, quantitative map of the network and its dynamics. The platform identifies the optimum intervention points in the network to reduce the populations of toxic misfolded and aggregated species, and subsequently makes it possible to identify and optimise molecules with the desired kinetic inhibitory activity.

About SynucleinopathiesSynucleinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the aberrant misfolding and aggregation of -synuclein in neurons and glial cells. Synucleinopathies include Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA).

About Eisai Co., Ltd.Eisai Co., Ltd. is a leading global research and development-based pharmaceutical company headquartered in Japan. We define our corporate mission as giving first thought to patients and their families and to increasing the benefits health care provides, which we call our human health care (hhc) philosophy. With approximately 10,000 employees working across our global network of R&D facilities, manufacturing sites and marketing subsidiaries, we strive to realize our hhc philosophy by delivering innovative products to address unmet medical needs, with a particular focus in our strategic areas of Neurology and Oncology. As a global pharmaceutical company, our mission extends to patients around the world through working with key stakeholders to improve access to medicines in developing and emerging countries.For further information on Eisai Co., Ltd., please visit https://www.eisai.com.

About Wren Therapeutics Ltd.Wren is a spin-off company from the University of Cambridge (UK) and Lund University (Sweden), focused on drug discovery and development for protein misfolding diseases. Wren is advancing an entirely novel approach to address this class of diseases, based on more than a decade of research from its scientific founders focused on the chemical kinetics of the protein misfolding process. Wren's predictive, quantitative platform is built on concepts from the physical sciences and is a fundamental shift from the descriptive, qualitative methods of traditional biology, which have failed to successfully address these complex systems. Wren is using its unique approach to develop a broad pipeline of therapeutics for protein misfolding diseases.For further information on Wren, please visit http://www.wrentherapeutics.com

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Eisai and Wren Therapeutics Enter Into Research Collaboration Agreement for Drug Discovery for Synucleinopathies - Business Wire

Diabetes, High Blood Pressure Raise Odds of COVID Harming Brain – HealthDay News

MONDAY, Nov. 30, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- COVID-19 patients with high blood pressure or diabetes may be more likely to develop critical neurological complications, including bleeding in the brain and stroke, according to an ongoing study.

University of Pennsylvania researchers studied COVID-19 patients who had a head CT scan or MRI within their health system between January and April 2020. In all, 81 of the 1,357 COVID-19 patients had a brain scan, usually because they had an altered mental state or speech and vision problems.

"COVID-19's effects extend far beyond the chest," said study lead author Dr. Colbey Freeman. He is chief resident in the department of radiology at Penn Medicine. "While complications in the brain are rare, they are an increasingly reported and potentially devastating consequence of COVID-19 infection," Freeman said.

Of the 81 patients, 18 (more than 20%) had critical or emergency brain issues, the scans revealed. At least half had histories of high blood pressure or type 2 diabetes. Three of the patients died in the hospital. Two-thirds of the patients with critical results were Black, according to the report.

"COVID-19 is associated with neurologic manifestations, and hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are common in individuals who develop these manifestations," Freeman said in a news release from the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). "These populations may be at higher risk for neurologic complications and should be monitored closely."

It is possible that inflammation is the reason for the observed neurological effects, the researchers said. Blood markers of inflammation were high in people with critical results.

"When your body is in an inflammatory state, it produces all these molecules called cytokines to help recruit the immune system to perform its function," Freeman explained. "Unfortunately, if cytokines are overproduced, the immune response actually starts doing damage."

The findings are scheduled for presentation at the RSNA's annual meeting, which is being held online Nov. 29 to Dec. 5. Research presented at meetings should be considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal.

The researchers are also investigating neurologic complications experienced by COVID-19 patients on a pump system that circulates and replenishes oxygen in the blood. They expect to report more findings as they become available.

"In addition, we have plans to initiate a larger prospective study evaluating delayed, long-term, and chronic neurologic manifestations that may not be known in this early period in the pandemic," Freeman said.

More information

The American Psychological Association has more information on COVID-19's impact on the brain.

SOURCE: Radiological Society of North America, news release, Nov. 18, 2020

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Diabetes, High Blood Pressure Raise Odds of COVID Harming Brain - HealthDay News

Study: Zika virus solution may lie in commonly used, tetracycline-based antibiotics – Homeland Preparedness News

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A preclinical study from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) suggests that tetracycline-based antibiotics like methacycline, or drugs designed to combat Alzheimers and inflammation, may slow infection and reduce neurological problems associated with the Zika virus.

This conclusion was based on use in mice after tests of more than 10,000 compounds. Researchers looked for drugs that would prevent Zika from reproducing by blocking the work of a protein known as NS2B-NS3 Zika virus protease. The protease releases proteins from RNA-injected cells that have been co-opted to produce more. By blocking these internal scissors, as study leader Dr. Rachel Abrams dubbed them, viruses like Zika can be counteracted.

Around the world, the Zika outbreak produced devastating, long-term neurological problems for many children and their families, said Dr. Avindra Nath, a senior investigator at the NIHs National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and a senior author of the study. Although the infections are down, the threat remains. We hope these promising results are a good first step to preparing the world for combating the next potential outbreak.

Zika is a primarily mosquito-spread virus that had its heyday in 2015 and 2016. It caused neurological disorders in adults and a developmental brain disorder in babies born from infected mothers. The virus prefers to attack stem cells in the brain.

In all, three drugs identified in this study may counteract the problems: methacycline, MK-591, or JNJ-404. Identifying these was achieved by feeding screening results into a computer and then using AI-based programs to assess what compounds would be good at blocking the protease activity. Tetracycline-based drugs are already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and are known to cross the placenta of pregnant women.

The antibiotics were not capable of fully counteracting the damage caused by Zika. Infected mice still had a lower weight than their control counterparts, whether treated with methacycline or not.

These results suggest that tetracycline-based antibiotics may at least be effective at preventing the neurological problems associated with Zika virus infections, Abrams said. Given that they are widely used, we hope that we can rapidly test their potential in clinical trials.

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Study: Zika virus solution may lie in commonly used, tetracycline-based antibiotics - Homeland Preparedness News

‘I felt symptoms of my paralysing illness before getting married – but didn’t tell my fiance’ – Telegraph.co.uk

Must you share your medical secrets with the person you are about to marry? Xavier Alford wishes he had. In 2007, the filmmaker was all set to wed his fiance, Anna, with whom he already had a two-year-old daughter, when he noticed a peculiar tingling in the big toe of his left foot. Around the same time, he realised he couldnt lift the toeup and his walking became slightly off-kilter. He was getting cramps in his calf muscles, as well as a strange quivering sensation in his lower leg. But Alford kept the symptoms to himself. He married Anna, and they soon had a son.

I just didnt want to go there, remembers Alford, 42, who lives in Bath with his wife and their now teenage children. I felt it would be opening a medical Pandoras box. I didnt Google anything, [but] in my heart of hearts I knew it was potentially quite serious.

The feeling in his leg continued, on and off, and a few years later he noticed tingling in his fingers when trying to sleep. Soon, uncontrollable shaking meant he was unable to hold a camera for too long. He saw his GP, who gave him a real telling off for ignoring the problem.

After a series of tests, Alford was diagnosed with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), a super-rare neurological illness related to the more commonGuillain-Barr syndrome, in which the immune system attacks the nerves in Alfords case, spreading through his arms and legs, and slowly paralysing parts of his body. Some unluckysufferers ofGuillain-Barr syndrome developlocked-in syndrome the nightmarish state of being fully conscious but paralysed from the neck down, able to communicate only through his eyes, depicted in the book and film The Diving Bell and the Butterfly. This is unlikely to happen to Alford, but because his condition is so rare, he has no idea just how unlikely.

Alfordentered a period of denial after his diagnosis. That was a horrible walk home, really horrendous. I wanted to try and brush this illness under the carpet. Because in some weird way, I thought it might disappear if I carried on doing that, he recalls.

Eventually, Alford confronted his diagnosis in the only way he knew how by making a film about it. In the new documentary,Locked In: Breaking the Silence, airing on BBC Four tonight, and on the British Film Institute website from today, Alford meets others whose lives have been transformed by the unpredictable condition, and grapples with his oncoming paralysis a fact he has kept largely secret until now.

Currently, he can move around independently, but his arms are weak and hard to control, making it difficult to take the bins out, for example, and it is becoming near-impossible for the filmmaker to hold a camera. As he learns more about his disease, we see the momenthe admits to his wife that he had hadsymptoms for years before he saw a doctor. I kept it to myself, and Im sorry I did that, because I should have definitely been open with you, he tells her.

And what did Anna make of that, I ask now? She just accepted it, she said: Its OK. There was no anger. It was a much bigger thing in my head than it was for her. I dont think shed have suddenly said, Im not marrying you, or, I dont love you any more.

Alford rarely discusses the condition with his children. It was only while making the film that his son, Louis, asked if MMN is fatal (probably not, although it can kill in rare cases), and whether he might inherit it (Alfords children are no more likely than the average person to develop the condition).

The unpredictability of the disease is what makes it most frightening and the suddenness with which a locked-inepisode can strike. In his film, Alford meets Scott, 45, an Australian coach driver living in Britain, who was backpacking around Europe in 2016, seemingly healthy, when he noticed a tingling in his fingers (a common first sign of Guillain-Barr).

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'I felt symptoms of my paralysing illness before getting married - but didn't tell my fiance' - Telegraph.co.uk

Brain Scans Confirm There’s a Part of You That Remains ‘You’ Throughout Your Life – ScienceAlert

At the very core of your identity a kernel of self awareness combines memories of the past with the fleeting sensations of the present, and adds a touch of anticipation for the future.

The question of whether this ongoing sense of 'you' is as robust as it feels has intrigued philosophers and psychologists throughout the ages. A new, small psychobiological study weighs in, looking at brain scans to conclude that at least some part of you is indeed consistent as you grow and age.

"In our study, we tried to answer the question of whether we are the same person throughout our lives," says Miguel Rubianes, a neuroscientist from the Complutense University of Madrid.

"In conjunction with the previous literature, our results indicate that there is a component that remains stable while another part is more susceptible to change over time."

Self-continuity forms the very basis of identity. Every time you use the word 'I', you're referring to a thread that stitches a series of experiences into a tapestry of a lifetime, representing a relationship between the self of your youth with one yet to emerge.

Yet identity is more than the sum of its parts. Consider the allegory of Theseus's ship, or the grandfather's axe paradox a tool that's had its shaft replaced, as well as its head, but is still somehow the same axe that belonged to grandfather.

If our experiences change us, swapping out components of our identity with every heart break and every promotion, every illness and every windfall, can we truly still say we see ourself as the same person today as we were when we were four years old?

You can be forgiven for thinking this sounds more like philosophical navel-gazing than something science can address. But there are perspectives which psychology and even the wiring of our neurological programming can flesh out.

Rubianes and his team focussed primarily on the 'how and when' of neurology dealing with familiar faces, relying on previous research that suggests visual self-recognition can work as an indicator of making a connection with one's impression of self.

In what's known as the self-reference effect, we do a better job of recalling or recognising information if it's personally connected to us in some way, such as seeing our own face in a photograph.

While there's plenty of evidence supporting the phenomenon's existence, the exact timing and mechanisms of the process in our brain remain an open question.

Conflicting studies have highlighted different neurological processes for distinguishing our own face from others, for example, each highlighting diverse regions of the brain used to recognise and attribute meaning to sets of familiar features.

Determining the kinds of neurological activity involved can tell us whether we're simply triggered by a recognition of our own face, like meeting an old friend, or make an actual connection with the self it represents, both past and present.

To work this out, the team conducted a recognition task with a group of 20 students. Each was presented with 27 images, including some of their own face, the face of a close friend, and an unfamiliar face, all at different life stages.

Each image flashed up on a screen one second at a time, during which the participant had to press a button to identify who they were seeing: self, friend, or stranger. A second trial asked them to identify the life stage of the person: childhood, adolescence, or adulthood.

Meanwhile, dozens of electrodes were busy scoping out the mix of brainwaves buzzing from their grey matter, painting a map of activity.

That map, and the timing of the participants' responses, strongly suggest that our impression of self that sense of 'I' gets updated throughout our lifetime, giving it stability. We really do process that gap-toothed portrait of us in fourth grade as ourselves, and not just a familiar image of a kid who happens to share our memories.

The study also uncovered interesting similarities in how we process impressions of our past self and that of our close friend, hinting at a complexity in how time might shape impressions of our identity.

Of course it's important to note that this study was conducted on a small sample size and is far from the final word on the topic.

But finding there's a rigid neurological underpinning for our sense of self that is tweaked by time and experience neatly reflects other studies that suggest there are also cultural influences over how we perceive identity.

Significantly, neurological descriptions of the specific brain bits responsible for sorting self from stranger can help us better understand why some people don't share this impression.

Disturbances in that thread of recognition often defines conditions such as schizophrenia, putting individuals at increased risk of self-harm.

"This demonstrates the importance of basic and clinical research alike in the study of the role of personal identity, as this promises to be a much more important concept than was previously thought and may play a fundamental role in psychological assessment and intervention processes," says Rubianes.

Some days we all feel a little like we're uncertain of just who we are. Rest assured, there's a good chance that deep inside your brain you're always going to be there.

This research was published in Psychophysiology.

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Brain Scans Confirm There's a Part of You That Remains 'You' Throughout Your Life - ScienceAlert

Commonly used antibiotic shows promise for combating Zika infections – National Institutes of Health

News Release

Tuesday, November 24, 2020

NIH preclinical study suggests FDA-approved tetracycline-based antibiotics may slow infection and reduce neurological problems.

In 2015, hundreds of children were born with brain deformities resulting from a global outbreak of Zika virus infections. Recently, National Institutes of Health researchers used a variety of advanced drug screening techniques to test out more than 10,000 compounds in search of a cure. To their surprise, they found that the widely used antibiotic methacycline was effective at preventing brain infections and reducing neurological problems associated with the virus in mice. In addition, they found that drugs originally designed to combat Alzheimers disease and inflammation may also help fight infections.

Around the world, the Zika outbreak produced devastating, long-term neurological problems for many children and their families. Although the infections are down, the threat remains, said Avindra Nath, M.D., senior investigator at the NIHs National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and a senior author of the study published in PNAS. We hope these promising results are a good first step to preparing the world for combating the next potential outbreak.

The study was a collaboration between scientists on Dr. Naths team and researchers in laboratories led by Anton Simeonov, Ph.D., scientific director at the NIHs National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) and Radhakrishnan Padmanabhan, Ph.D., Professor of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.

The Zika virus is primarily spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In 2015 and 2016, at least 60 countries reported infections. Some of these countries also reported a high incidence of infected mothers giving birth to babies born with abnormally small heads resulting from a developmental brain disorder called fetal microcephaly. In some adults, infections were the cause of several neurological disorders including Guillain-Barr syndrome, encephalitis, and myelitis. Although many scientists have tried, they have yet to discover an effective treatment or vaccination against the virus.

In this study, the researchers looked for drugs that prevent the virus from reproducing by blocking the activity of a protein called NS2B-NS3 Zika virus protease. The Zika virus is a protein capsule that carries long strings of RNA-encoded instructions for manufacturing more viral proteins. During an infection, the virus injects the RNA into a cell, resulting in the production of these proteins, which are strung together, side-by-side, like the parts in a plastic model airplane kit. The NS2B-NS3 protease then snaps off each protein, all of which are critical for assembling new viral particles.

Proteases act like scissors. Blocking protease activity is an effective strategy for counteracting many viruses, said Rachel Abrams, Ph.D., an organic chemist in Dr. Naths lab and the study leader. We wanted to look as far and wide as possible for drugs that could prevent the protease from snipping the Zika virus polyprotein into its active pieces.

To find candidates, Dr. Abrams worked with scientists on Dr. Simeonovs and Dr. Padmanabhans teams to create assays, or tests, for assessing the ability of drugs to block NS2B-NS3 Zika virus protease activity in plates containing hundreds of tiny test tubes. Each assay was tailored to a different screening, or sifting, technique. They then used these assays to simultaneously try out thousands of candidates stored in three separate libraries.

One preliminary screen of 2,000 compounds suggested that commonly used, tetracycline-based antibiotic drugs, like methacycline, may be effective at blocking the protease.

Meanwhile, a large-scale screen of more than 10,000 compounds helped identify an investigational anti-inflammatory medicine, called MK-591, and a failed anti-Alzheimers disease drug, called JNJ-404 as potential candidates. A virtual screen of over 130,000 compounds was also used to help spot candidates. For this, the researchers fed the other screening results into a computer and then used artificial intelligence-based programs to learn what makes a compound good at blocking NS2B-NS3 Zika virus protease activity.

These results show that taking advantage of the latest technological advances can help researchers find treatments that can be repurposed to fight other diseases, said Dr. Simeonov.

The Zika virus is known to preferentially infect stem cells in the brain. Scientists suspect this is the reason why infections cause more harm to newborn babies than to adults. Experiments on neural stem cells grown in petri dishes indicated that all three drugs identified in this study may counteract these problems. Treating the cells with methacycline, MK-591, or JNJ-404 reduced Zika virus infections.

Because tetracyclines are U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs that are known to cross the placenta of pregnant women, the researchers focused on methacycline and found that it may reduce some neurodevelopmental problems caused by the Zika virus. For instance, Zika-infected newborn mice that were treated with methacycline had better balance and could turn over more easily than ones that were given a placebo. Brain examinations suggested this was because the antibiotic reduced infections and neural damage. Nevertheless, the antibiotics did not completely counteract harm caused by the Zika virus. The weight of mice infected with the virus was lower than control mice regardless of whether the mice were treated with methacycline.

These results suggest that tetracycline-based antibiotics may at least be effective at preventing the neurological problems associated with Zika virus infections, said Dr. Abrams. Given that they are widely used, we hope that we can rapidly test their potential in clinical trials.

Article:

Abrams, R.P.M., Yasgar, A. et al., Therapeutic Candidates for the Zika Virus Identified by a High Throughput Screen for Zika Protease Inhibitors. PNAS, November 23, 2020 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005463117.

These studies were supported by NIH Intramural Research Programs at NINDS and NCATS (TR000291) and an NIH grant (AI109185).

For more information:

NINDS (https://www.ninds.nih.gov) is the nations leading funder of research on the brain and nervous system.The mission of NINDS is to seek fundamental knowledge about the brain and nervous system and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden of neurological disease.

About the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS): NCATS conducts and supports research on the science and operation of translation the process by which interventions to improve health are developed and implemented to allow more treatments to get to more patients more quickly. For more information about how NCATS helps shorten the journey from scientific observation to clinical intervention, visit ncats.nih.gov.

About the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: NIAID conducts and supports research at NIH, throughout the United States, and worldwide to study the causes of infectious and immune-mediated diseases, and to develop better means of preventing, diagnosing and treating these illnesses. News releases, fact sheets and other NIAID-related materials are available on the NIAID website.

About the National Institutes of Health (NIH):NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit http://www.nih.gov.

NIHTurning Discovery Into Health

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Commonly used antibiotic shows promise for combating Zika infections - National Institutes of Health

Neurological charity’s donations to be doubled with match-funding next month – In Your Area

InYourArea Community

Between December 1 and December 8, there'll 10,000 of match-funding available for donations to Neuro Therapy Centres

Centre member Clare Moulton using the Neuro Therapy Centres gym

Submitted by The Neuro Therapy Centre, edited by Lucy Hilton

A local charity is calling for community support as they're given a fantastic opportunity.

The team at the Neuro Therapy Centre have recently made their 5,000th support call, as their services support people with neurological conditions across the region.

They're now asking for help to keep their Virtual Centre going as donations supporting their services will be match-funded next month.

Staff at the Centre are urging as many people to get involved as possible at this important time by making a donation to help fund their vital work.

The Centre started offering many of its life-changing services online in April as a result of the pandemic, and as they adapted their delivery, the charity has found new ways to help people across the region with plans to expand their work in the future.

Jane Johnston-Cree, Centre Director at the Neuro Therapy Centre said: "This year has been a challenging one for all of us.

The Centres virtual services now feature regular telephone support, telephone and online counselling sessions, nine live exercises sessions a week and a range of recorded exercise sessions and therapies.

Jane added: "Our virtual services are helping people who sometimes find it a struggle to visit our Centre in Saltney due to transport or work commitments.

Clare Moulton, from Sychdyn in Flintshire, was diagnosed with MS in 1997, and has been attending physiotherapy and gym sessions at the Neuro Therapy Centre since 2018.

The Centre re-opened in September for in-Centre services but it will be next year before the same number of people will be able to attend its services on a weekly basis in person.

Jane said: "We intend to keep our virtual centre going alongside our in-Centre services in the future, which is why wed love as many people as possible to get behind our match-funding Big Give campaign.

"We know transport can be a real issue, and if these services can help people who have been newly diagnosed and are still in work too that would be fantastic."

Between noon on December 1 and noon on December 8, the Neuro Therapy Centres Big Give web page will be live, and there is 10,000 of match-funding available for donations of any size to be doubled for free.

The Centre also has an online Christmas Concert with local artists Matt Violet and The Last Minute performing on Saturday, December 5, and is encouraging people to wear a Christmas jumper and make a donation to the site during that week.

If people would like to make a donation to the Neuro Therapy Centre visit their Big Give page.

The Neuro Therapy Centre, based in Saltney, Chester, supports people with neurological conditions including MS, Parkinsons, ME and MND, and their Carers from across Cheshire, North Wales and the Wirral.

If people would like to find out more about the services of the Neuro Therapy Centre or to book a ticket for the Christmas Concert visit their website.

Shine a spotlight on your neighbourhood by becoming an Area Ambassador.

Click here to learn more!

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Neurological charity's donations to be doubled with match-funding next month - In Your Area

Retrospective Analysis of Neurological Symptoms of Severe/Critical COVID-19 Patients in Sichuan Province – DocWire News

This article was originally published here

Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2020 Nov;51(6):873-877. doi: 10.12182/20201160108.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the symptoms and characteristics of nervous system damage in severe/critically severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Sichuan province, with a view to providing basic references for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

METHODS: A total of 90 patients with severe/critically severe COVID-19 were included, who were diagnosed and treated in COVID-19 designated hospital of Sichuan province from 11 January 2020 to 20 March 2020. Clinical features, test results, treatment options and clinical outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS: Of 90 patients, there were 54 males and 36 females, with an average age of (53.9016.92) years. In addition to the classic symptoms such as fever and/or respiratory symptoms, 53 patients also had various degrees of neurologic manifestations, including 33 cases of fatigue, 21 muscle soreness, 12 dizziness, 8 headaches, 3 mental disorders, and 1 consciousness disorders and 1 case of neck pain. Compared with the patients without neurologic manifestations, those with neurologic manifestations took a longer time from admission to diagnosis of COVID-19 ( P<0.05), and received more antifungal treatment ( P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Neurological symptoms are not uncommon in severe/critically severe patients with COVID-19, and its relatively difficult in the treatment. It should be paid attention in order to avoid misdiagnosis.

PMID:33236615 | DOI:10.12182/20201160108

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Retrospective Analysis of Neurological Symptoms of Severe/Critical COVID-19 Patients in Sichuan Province - DocWire News

Neurologic Disorders Therapeutics Market Size, Trends, Growth, Scope, Overall Analysis and Forecast by 2027 – The Haitian-Caribbean News Network

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Neurologic Disorders Therapeutics Market Size, Trends, Growth, Scope, Overall Analysis and Forecast by 2027 - The Haitian-Caribbean News Network

Calif. Prop 65: BPA Listed as Reproductive Toxicant – The National Law Review

Tuesday, November 24, 2020

The California Court of Appeal, Third Appellate District (Sacramento), has upheld the listing of bisphenol A (BPA) as a reproductive toxicant under Proposition 65 (Prop 65). Prop 65 a right-to-know law that requires individuals to receive a clear and reasonable warning before being exposed to certain chemicals that California deems to be carcinogens or reproductive toxicants.

By way of background, the National Toxicology Program Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (NTP-CERHR) published a monograph in 2008, titled, Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of [BPA]. The monograph, which primarily addressed studies in laboratory animals, stated that it is possible that BPA can affect human development or reproduction. Based on NTP-CERHRs finding that BPA can affect human development or reproduction, the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC) petitioned Californias Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) requesting that BPA be listed under Prop 65 as a chemical known to cause reproductive toxicity.

After reviewing the NTP-CERHR monograph, the Developmental and Reproductive Toxicant Identification Committee (DART-IC)an OEHHA committee of qualified scientific expertsvoted not to list BPA as a reproductive toxicant based on the states qualified experts listing mechanism in 2009. DART-IC members expressed skepticism as to whether the conclusions from the animal studies could be extrapolated to humans.

Although DART-IC decided to not list BPA as a reproductive toxicant, on January 24, 2013, OEHHA issued a notice of intent to add BPA to the list of chemicals known to the State of California to cause reproductive toxicity. In response, on March 1, 2013, the American Chemistry Council (ACC) filed a complaint in Sacramento County Superior Court seeking to enjoin OEHHA from adding BPA to the Prop 65 list. In its complaint, ACC stated that animal studies only provide limited evidence for developmental effects in human and that that OEHHA abused its discretion by refusing the 2009 DART-IC recommendation not to list BPA as a reproductive toxicant. On March 27, 2013, ACC also filed a motion for a preliminary injunction to enjoin OEHHA from listing or taking any further action in listing BPA with respect to Prop 65.

Despite ACCs legal challenge, OEHHA published notice, effective April 11, 2013, stating that it was adding BPA to the list of chemicals known to the State of California to cause reproductive toxicity. However, in response to ACCs March 1, 2013 complaint, the trial court granted ACCs motion for a preliminary injunction, directing OEHHA to immediately remove BPA from the Prop 65 list. Therefore, BPA was delisted on April 19, 2013.

Eventually, the trial court denied the relief requested by ACC on March 27, 2013 and ACC appealed that decision. On October 19, 2020, the California Court of Appeal upheld the trial courts decision to allow the listing of BPA as a reproductive toxicant under Prop 65. In the ruling (seeAmerican Chemistry Council v. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment et al.), the Court of Appeal stated that adverse effects observed at high doses in animal studies are biologically plausible in humans. The Court of Appeal added, OEHHA did not abuse its discretion in listing BPA based on the monograph. Therefore, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying ACC the relief requested in the amended complaint.

In a separate action, not related toAmerican Chemistry Council v. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment et al., OEHHA listed BPA as a chemical known to cause female reproductive toxicity under the states Prop 65 qualified expert listing mechanism. In the AgencysMay 11, 2015 noticeannouncing that BPA was being listed as a reproductive toxicant under Prop 65, OEHHA stated that, in 2015, DART-IC determined that BPA was clearly shown through scientifically valid testing according to generally accepted principles to cause reproductive toxicity based on the female reproductive endpoint. OEHHA claimed that ascientific review of BPA and reproductive health, published in the August 2014 issue ofEnvironmental Health Perspectives, identified substantial new epidemiological and toxicological data on female reproductive toxicity that have become available subsequent to the DART-ICs consideration of BPA in 2009. In apress release, ACC disagreed with DART-ICs decision and stated, The decision is not supported by the extensive scientific record presented to the committee and is completely contrary to explicit input provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

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Calif. Prop 65: BPA Listed as Reproductive Toxicant - The National Law Review

Earth News: Noise and light pollution from humans alter bird reproduction – Lake County News

The study focused on 142 North American bird species, including the ash-throated flycatcher shown above. Credits: David Keeling / California Polytechnic State University.

Human-produced noise and light pollution are troublesome to our avian neighbors, according to new research from a team at California Polytechnic State University, published Nov. 11 in Nature.

Using NASA satellite data, the researchers got a birds-eye view of how noise and light negatively affected bird reproduction in North America. The team also discovered that these factors might interact with or even mask birds responses to the effects of climate change.

Bird populations have declined by about 30 percent in the last few decades. Scientists and land managers seeking to understand what caused the decline and reverse the trend had largely overlooked the effects of noise and light pollution, until recent studies suggested that these stressors could harm certain types of birds.

Prior to the launch of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument aboard the joint NASA-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite in 2011, high-resolution light pollution data didnt exist on such a large scale. This new study has produced a continent-wide picture utilizing VIIRS data.

Our study provides comprehensive evidence that noise and light can profoundly alter reproduction of birds, even when accounting for other aspects of human activities, said Clint Francis, a biologist at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, one of the lead authors on the study.

The research team looked at a vast collection of data sets including those collected by citizen scientists through the NestWatch Program to assess how light and noise affected the reproductive success of 58,506 nests from 142 bird species across North America.

They considered several factors for each nest, including the time of year when breeding occurred and whether at least one chick fledged or flew from the nest.

Birds reproduction coincides with peak food availability to feed their young, as daylight cues signal to breed around the same time each year.

The researchers found that light pollution causes birds to begin nesting as much as a month earlier than normal in open environments, such as grasslands or wetlands, and 18 days earlier in forested environments.

The consequence could be a mismatch in timing for example, hungry chicks may hatch before their food is readily available. If that happens, these early season nests may be less successful at fledging at least one chick, but the situation is complicated by climate change.

As the planet warms, birds food is available earlier due to warmer weather. Birds that maintain their historical breeding times because their internal clocks are set to changes in daylength may have fewer chicks survive because the food source they rely on already came and went.

We discovered that the birds that advanced the timing of their reproduction in response to increased light pollution actually have better reproductive success, Francis said. A likely interpretation of this response is that light pollution actually allows these birds to catch up to the shift towards earlier availability of food due to climate change.

Many areas of the United States are significantly brighter at night due to human-produced light pollution. This map constructed with VIIRS data shows areas with increased light pollution (yellow and pink) compared to the typical brightness of the night sky (darker blues). Credits: Francis et al.These findings suggest two conclusions about birds responses to climate change. First, at least temporarily, birds in lit conditions may be tracking climate change better than those in dark areas.

Second, when scientists thought birds were adjusting their reproductive timing to climate change, birds may have actually been instead responding to light cues since many studies were done in areas exposed to some light pollution.

When considering noise pollution, results showed that birds that live in forested environments tend to be more sensitive to noise than birds in open environments.

Researchers delved into greater detail in 27 different bird species, looking for physical traits that could explain the variations in species responses to light and noise. A birds ability to see in low light and the pitch of its call were related to species responses to light and noise pollution.

The more light a birds eye is capable of taking in, the more that species moved its breeding time earlier in the year in response to light pollution, and the more that species benefited from light pollution with improved nest success.

Noise pollution delayed nesting for birds whose songs are at a lower frequency and thus more difficult to hear through low-frequency human noise. Mating decisions are made based on the males song, and in some cases, females need to hear the males song to become physically ready to breed.

These trait and environment-specific results have strong implications for managing wild lands. Developers and land managers could use this study to understand how their plans are likely to affect birds. For example, Francis says, Is it a forest bird? If so, it is likely that it is more sensitive to light and noise.

The study is the first step toward a larger goal of developing a sensitivity index for all North American birds. The index would allow managers and conservationists to cross-reference multiple physical traits for one species to assess how factors such as light and noise pollution would affect each species.

Rachel Henry works for NASA.

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Earth News: Noise and light pollution from humans alter bird reproduction - Lake County News