Microbiome Insights awarded Innovative Solutions Canada contract by Health Canada to enhance regulatory testing for microbial biotechnology products -…

Need for a more reliable, accurate and cost-efficient testing platform

VANCOUVER, BC, June 7, 2022 /PRNewswire/ - Microbiome Insights, Inc., a global leader for end-to-end microbiome sequencing and comprehensive bioinformatic analysis,announced today it was awarded an $881,000 contract from Health Canada to develop a testing platform to accurately identify and characterize micro-organisms found in microbial biotechnology products, and predict their interactions that could mask or enhance adverse effects to determine risks to human and environmental health. This contract follows an initial agreement completed in 2021 and is part of Innovative Solutions Canada, a competitive federal funding program for innovators and federal agencies to collaborate and further commercialize new technology.

"Leveraging our expertise in metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, we are excited to continue our collaboration with Health Canada to develop a testing platform that will benefit both regulators and the manufacturers of microbial mixture products," said Dr. Pedro Dimitriu, the Head of Research and Development at Microbiome Insights. "The translation of microbiome science into products is accelerating and with this, there is a real need for a more reliable, accurate and cost-efficient way to determine the quality and safety of these new products."

Products with microbial mixtures have the capacity to perform novel and complex tasks in a diverse array of biotechnology applications, many of which support the goals of sustainability. The testing required for regulatory approval of these products can be costly, often relying on animal testing to understand their toxicity. There are no suitable test methodologies and novel approaches to determine the adverse effects of microbial mixtures.

As part of the Innovative Solutions Canada program, Microbiome Insights is developing a more reliable, accurate, and cost-efficient way to determine the quality and safety of these new products.

About Microbiome Insights Inc.

Microbiome Insights, Inc. is a global leader providing end-to-end microbiome sequencing and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. The company is headquartered in Vancouver, Canada, where samples from around the world are processed in its College of American Pathologists (CAP) accredited laboratory. Working with clients from pharma, biotech, nutrition, cosmetic and agriculture companies, and world-leading academic and government research institutions, Microbiome Insights has supported over 700 microbiome studies, from basic research to commercial R&D and clinical trials. The company's expert bioinformaticians and data scientists deliver industry-leading insights, including biomarker discovery, machine-learning-based modelling and customized bioinformatics analysis.www.microbiomeinsights.com

Health Canada

Health Canada is the Federal department responsible for helping Canadians maintain and improve their health. It ensures that high-quality health services are accessible and works to reduce health risks. Health Canada is committed to improving the lives of all of Canada 's people and to making this country's population among the healthiest in the world as measured by longevity, lifestyle, and effective use of the public health care system.www.canada.ca/en/health-canada.html

Innovative Solutions Canada

Innovative Solutions Canada (ISC) is a competitive federal funding program for innovators and federal agencies to collaborate and further commercialize new technology. It is a key component of the Canadian government's Innovation and Skills Plan, a multi-year plan to make Canada a global innovation leader and prepare Canadians to succeed in tomorrow's economy. http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/101.nsf/eng/home

SOURCE Microbiome Insights

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Microbiome Insights awarded Innovative Solutions Canada contract by Health Canada to enhance regulatory testing for microbial biotechnology products -...

Tiziana Life Sciences to Present at the 2022 Biotechnology Innovation Organization Annual Convention to Discuss Recent Updates to Ongoing Clinical…

NEW YORK, June 06, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Tiziana Life Sciences Ltd (NASDAQ: TLSA) ("Tiziana" or the "Company"), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company enabling breakthrough immunotherapies via novel routes of administration today announced that its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientific Officer, Kunwar Shailubhai, Ph.D., will present at the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) Annual Convention taking place at the San Diego Convention Center, Monday June 13 - Thursday, June 16, 2022. His presentation will be primarily focused on the recent clinical updates on nasal administration of foralumab, a fully human anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, for treatment of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. He will also provide an update on the initiation of Phase 1b trial with first-ever oral capsules of foralumab for treatment of patients with mild-to-moderately active Crohns Disease. Company management will also be participating in one-on-one meetings throughout the conference.

Presentation Information

Presenter: Kunwar Shailubhai, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientific Officer, Tiziana Life SciencesTitle: Enabling Breakthrough Immunotherapies via Novel Routes of Drug Delivery

Day: Tuesday, June 14thTime: 2:00- 2:15 pm PDTLocation: Theater 1

To register for the conference and schedule a one-on-one meeting with Tiziana Life Sciences management, please visit https://www.bio.org/events/bio-international-convention/registration.

Dr. Shailubhai will also attend the BioNJ 29th Annual Dinner Meeting and Innovation Celebration, gathering and honoring members of New Jerseys life science ecosystem, on Thursday, June 9, 2022 at 4:45 pm EDT. This meeting, taking place at the Hilton in East Brunswick New Jersey, was originally planned for February, and was postponed due to the surge of the Omicron variant.

About BIO and the BIO International ConventionThe Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) is the world's largest biotechnology organization, providing advocacy, business development and communications services for more than 1,200 members worldwide. Our mission is to be the champion of biotechnology and the advocate for our member organizationsboth large and small. BIO members are involved in the research and development of innovative healthcare, agricultural, industrial and environmental biotechnology technologies. Corporate members range from entrepreneurial companies developing a first product to Fortune 100 multinationals. We also represent state and regional biotech associations, service providers to the industry and academic centers. Currently there are over 3,000+ international and domestic companies registered to attend BIO 2022 across the biotech industry.

About BioNJFounded in 1994, BioNJ, the New Jersey partner of BIO, has been hard at work in its mission to enhance the climate for life sciences in the State. As the representative of an industry that has the potential to change the course of human health, make our environment cleaner and the foods we eat safer and healthier, BioNJ is single-minded in its commitment to the growth and prosperity of this industry within the state of New Jersey.

About Tiziana Life SciencesTiziana Life Sciences is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing breakthrough therapies using transformational drug delivery technologies to enable alternative routes of immunotherapy. Tizianas innovative intranasal, oral and inhalation approaches in development have the potential to provide an improvement in efficacy as well as safety and tolerability compared to intravenous (IV) delivery. Tizianas two lead candidates, intranasal foralumab, the only fully human anti-CD3 mAb, and milciclib, a pan-CDK inhibitor, have both demonstrated a favorable safety profile and clinical response in patients in studies to date. Tizianas technology for alternative routes of immunotherapy has been patented with several applications pending and is expected to allow for broad pipeline applications.

For further information please contact:

Tiziana Life Sciences:Hana Malik, Business Development and Investor Relations Manager +44 (0) 207 495 2379email:info@tizianalifesciences.com

United States:

Investors:Irina KofflerLifeSci AdvisorsTel: (646) 970-4681ikoffler@lifesciadvisors.com

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Puma Biotechnology Presents Outcomes from the Metastatic Breast Cancer Cohort of the SUMMIT Trial at the ASCO 2022 Annual Meeting – Business Wire

LOS ANGELES--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Puma Biotechnology, Inc. (NASDAQ: PBYI), a biopharmaceutical company, presented results from the Phase II SUMMIT trial, assessing the efficacy of combined neratinib, fulvestrant, and trastuzumab in patients with hormone receptor positive, HER2-negative, HER2-mutant metastatic breast cancer, at the 2022 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting held in person from June 3-7 in Chicago, IL, and online. The poster, entitled Neratinib + fulvestrant + trastuzumab (N+F+T) for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative, HER2-mutant metastatic breast cancer (MBC): outcomes and biomarker analysis from the SUMMIT trial, was presented at the Breast Cancer -- Metastatic Poster Session (poster #1028) by Komal L. Jhaveri, MD, FACP, Medical Oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center on June 6 at 9:00 a.m. ET.

Earlier genomic analyses from a cohort treated with a combination of neratinib and fulvestrant suggest that resistance to neratinib may occur via mutant allele amplification or secondary HER2 mutations. The addition of trastuzumab to the combination of neratinib and fulvestrant in this trial demonstrated positive durable responses in patients with HR-positive, HER2-mutant MBC who had received prior CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i).

The Phase II SUMMIT basket trial is an open-label, multicenter, multinational study that included a cohort evaluating the efficacy of the triplet combination of neratinib (N), plus fulvestrant (F), plus trastuzumab (T), in patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative, HER2-mutant metastatic breast cancer, as identified by local genomic sequencing, who had previously received CDK4/6 inhibitors. In order to confirm the contribution of neratinib to the combination, a small, randomized cohort comparing neratinib plus fulvestrant plus trastuzumab versus fulvestrant plus trastuzumab versus fulvestrant was also included. A range of HER2 allelic variants was represented in the cohort. Patients who received the triplet regimen were enrolled in the non-randomized cohort and received 240 mg of neratinib per day intramuscularly, 500 mg intravenous fulvestrant on days 1 and 15 of Cycle 1 and then every 4 weeks, 8mg/kg body weight trastuzumab initially and then 6mg/kg every 3 weeks. Patients in the randomized cohort received either a combination of neratinib, fulvestrant, and trastuzumab, or fulvestrant and trastuzumab, or fulvestrant alone in a 1:1:1 ratio. To counter the side effects of diarrhea, loperamide prophylaxis was mandatory for the first two treatment cycles. Patients who were randomized to the combination of fulvestrant and trastuzumab, or fulvestrant alone, could cross over to receive neratinib, fulvestrant, and trastuzumab at progression. Efficacy was assessed using objective response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR). Tumor tissue was retrospectively assessed by central next-generation sequencing (NGS).

The table below summarizes the efficacy of SUMMIT MBC patients who received neratinib plus fulvestrant plus trastuzumab, those who received fulvestrant plus trastuzumab, and those who received fulvestrant alone; and also those who received fulvestrant plus trastuzumab or fulvestrant and then crossed over to neratinib plus fulvestrant plus trastuzumab upon progression. Patients who received neratinib plus fulvestrant plus trastuzumab (non-randomized + randomized) had a 35.3% investigator-assessed objective response rate, 14.3-month duration of response, 41.7% clinical benefit rate, and 8.2-month median progression-free survival. Neratinib appears to be a critical component of the combination therapy, as demonstrated by lack of response in the small cohort of patients treated with fulvestrant or fulvestrant plus trastuzumab, and by response in a subset of those patients upon crossover to neratinib plus fulvestrant plus trastuzumab.

Table: Efficacy Findings from HR+ Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients

Non-randomized +

Randomized

After crossover

Randomized

After crossover

Randomized HR+

HR+

from F+T to

HR+

from F to N+F+T

Prior CDK4/6i

Prior CDK4/6i

N+F+T

Prior CDK4/6i

(N+F+T, n=51)

(F+T, n=7)

(n=4)

(F, n=7)

(n=6)

18 (35.3)

0

1 (25.0)

0

2 (33.3)

1 (2.0)

0

0

0

0

17 (33.3)

0

1 (25.0)

0

2 (33.3)

Best overall response*

25 (49.0)

0

1 (25.0)

0

2 (33.3)

14.3 (6.4NE)

No response

6.2 (NENE)

No response

6.3 (6.26.4)

24 (47.1)

0

1 (25.0)

0

5 (83.3)

8.2 (4.712.7)

3.9 (1.94.1)

8.25 (NENE)

4.1 (1.64.1)

NE

These results suggest that the combination of neratinib, fulvestrant, and trastuzumab together is promising for treating HR+ and HER2-mutated MBC with prior exposure to CDK4/6i across a range of HER2 mutations.

Dr. Jhaveri, an investigator of the trial, said, Patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, HER2-mutant metastatic breast cancer who had received prior treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitors demonstrated encouraging clinical activity with durable responses when treated with the triplet combination of neratinib with fulvestrant and trastuzumab. These responses were observed in patients whose tumors harbored a wide spectrum of HER2 mutations, including those with co-occurring HER3 mutations, regardless of ductal or lobular histology, and with a range of HER2 protein expression.

Alan H. Auerbach, Chief Executive Officer, and President of Puma Biotechnology added, HER2 mutations can be readily and accurately identified and are clinically actionable for targeted therapy in metastatic breast cancers. We are very pleased with the updated activity seen with the combination of neratinib plus trastuzumab plus fulvestrant therapy in this heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer patient population with HER2-mutated disease.

About Puma Biotechnology

Puma Biotechnology, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company with a focus on the development and commercialization of innovative products to enhance cancer care. Puma in-licenses the global development and commercialization rights to PB272 (neratinib, oral), PB272 (neratinib, intravenous) and PB357. Neratinib, oral was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2017 for the extended adjuvant treatment of adult patients with early stage HER2-overexpressed/amplified breast cancer, following adjuvant trastuzumab-based therapy, and is marketed in the United States as NERLYNX (neratinib) tablets. In February 2020, NERLYNX was also approved by the FDA in combination with capecitabine for the treatment of adult patients with advanced or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who have received two or more prior anti-HER2-based regimens in the metastatic setting. NERLYNX was granted marketing authorization by the European Commission in 2018 for the extended adjuvant treatment of adult patients with early stage hormone receptor-positive HER2-overexpressed/amplified breast cancer and who are less than one year from completion of prior adjuvant trastuzumab-based therapy. NERLYNX is a registered trademark of Puma Biotechnology, Inc.

Further information about Puma Biotechnology may be found at https://www.pumabiotechnology.com.

Important Safety Information Regarding NERLYNX (neratinib) U.S. Indication

NERLYNX (neratinib) tablets, for oral use

INDICATIONS AND USAGE: NERLYNX is a kinase inhibitor indicated:

CONTRAINDICATIONS: None

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS:

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

The most common adverse reactions (reported in 5% of patients) were as follows:

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Puma Biotechnology, Inc. at 1-844-NERLYNX (1-844-637-5969) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

DRUG INTERACTIONS:

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Puma Biotechnology Presents Outcomes from the Metastatic Breast Cancer Cohort of the SUMMIT Trial at the ASCO 2022 Annual Meeting - Business Wire

NCERC Celebrates the Passing of the Illinois Industrial Biotechnology Partnership Act – RiverBender.com

Megan Wieser

June 4 2022 7:40 AM| updated June 6 2022 1:48 PM

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EDWARDSVILLE On Friday, May 27, the Illinois Industrial Biotechnology Partnership Act was signed into law by Governor JB Pritzker and establishes the Industrial Biotechnology Public-Private Partnership as a State-sponsored board consisting of specified members to promote and market Illinois as a destination for research, development and commercialization for industrial biotechnology.

The National Corn-to-Ethanol Research Center (NCERC) at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville has been a leading institution for research in industrial biotechnology in Illinois and the United States since its doors opened in 2003. Today, it celebrates the signing of this historic legislation.

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The bill was passed unanimously by both the Illinois House of Representatives and the Illinois Senate with bipartisan support. The Partnership will consist of 12 members, including the Illinois Department of Agriculture, Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity, Illinois Department of Labor, NCERC, and several other Illinois-based research organizations and companies that serve the biotechnology sector. The members of the Partnership will lead in leveraging Illinois existing assets and building incentives to attract new companies to the state to perform research and establish manufacturing facilities.

The passing of Illinois Senate Bill 1693 is a significant step in the right direction for providing the support and incentives companies need to bring their biotechnology businesses to the state of Illinois, said NCERC Executive John Caupert. Now, centers like NCERC will be part of a network with a singular mission to attract more economic growth for our state. This activity will bring in more tax dollars, jobs, and other critical components to establish a burgeoning industry in Illinois.

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NCERC serves companies in the private sector through contractual research services and has helped to commercialize more than 80 technologies that are now in the commercial marketplace, contributing to tens of thousands of jobs and more than $7 billion of annual revenue. By attracting clients from across the globe to perform research at its facility in SIUEs University Park, it also draws hundreds of thousands of dollars in revenue for the nearby hospitality industry. In addition to economic benefits, NCERCs research in biotechnology also supports a variety of workforce training programs by providing hands-on learning opportunities to college students and recent graduates. Since 2014, hundreds of employees who have passed through NCERC on their career paths have found gainful employment in the private sector.

To learn more about NCERC, visit EthanolResearch.com.

About NCERC

The NCERC at SIUE is a nationally recognized research center dedicated to the development and commercialization of biotechnologies. Their unique research laboratories house bench- to demonstration-scale bioreactors and pretreatment and downstream processing equipment, making it the perfect partner to companies in the biotechnology industry. Through their contractual research services, NCERC has played an instrumental role in commercializing more than eighty products that are now used in the commercial marketplace. In addition to its research and development services, NCERC leverages its experienced staff and unique facility to provide a variety of workforce training and education initiatives to train the next generation of bioeconomy professionals. For more information, contact Jackie Hayes at jhayes@ethanolresearch.com, or visit http://www.EthanolResearch.com.

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Animal Health Biotechnology Market 2022- Analysis and In-Depth Research on Market Size, Trends, Emerging Growth Factors and Forecast To 2030 – Digital…

The new report on Animal Health Biotechnology Market Report 2022 by Key Players, Types, Applications, Countries, Market Size, Forecast to 2030 offered by Market Research, Inc. includes a comprehensive analysis of the market size, geographical landscape along with the revenue estimation of the industry. In addition, the report also highlights the challenges impeding market growth and expansion strategies employed by leading companies in the Animal Health Biotechnology Market.

Biotechnology utilized in animal healthcare dates back to 19th century when the first vaccines were prepared for its use in animals. Considerable progress in the animal health biotechnology took place recently when biotechnology applications were utilized in both detecting and treating various infectious and parasitic diseases of animals.

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This market study covers and analyzes the potential of the global Animal Health Biotechnology industry, providing geometric information about market dynamics, growth factors, major challenges, PEST analysis and market entry strategy analysis, opportunities and forecasts. One of the major highpoints of the report is to provide companies in the industry with a strategic analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on Animal Health Biotechnology market.

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The Animal Health Biotechnology market report includes information on the product presentations, sustainability and prospects of leading player including: Bayer AG, Merck & Co.Inc., Pfizer Inc., Sanofi, Santa Cruz Biotechnology

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All the regional segmentation has been studied based on recent and future trends and the market is forecasted throughout the prediction period. The countries covered in the regional analysis of the Global Animal Health Biotechnology market report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA) and Latin America.

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Digital Genome Engineering Market Size and Industry Analysis 2022 : Biotechnology Revolution to Boom the Digital Genome Business with Latest Research…

Digital Genome Engineering Market Size and Share is Estimated to Growth by US$ 60.35 at CAGR 11.1% during Forecast period 2028

This press release was orginally distributed by SBWire

Londan, United kingdom (SBWIRE) 06/06/2022 Digital Genome Engineering is a comprehensive digital set of genetic material that occurs in a cell or an organism. It allows experts to get a nearer look at genetic disorders, with instant access to sequence data and tools to resolve unending custom queries. Thus, the aforementioned parameters will augment the market growth. Digital Genome Engineering deals with genes & their functions and assists in finding causes behind chronic disorders and also to resolve them. This technology has sparked a revolt in invention-centred research & systems biology to expedite insight of the most complex genetic systems.

The global Digital Genome Engineering market research report provides an in-depth analysis of the existing and future state of the industry. The study comprises all market data and is based on extensive primary and secondary research. Statistics by type, industry, channel, and other parameters are included in the analysis, as well as market volume and value for each category. The coronavirus pandemic has an influence on the global economy. Several market conditions have shifted. The market is fast evolving, according to the study report, and its influence is being studied both now and in the future.

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The study offers exact figures for the industry's market size, share, production capacity, demand, and growth for the anticipated year. This is the most recent market effect analysis research for COVID-19. The Digital Genome Engineering market research looks at the market's top businesses, distributors, and the entire structure of the industrial chain. It also evaluates the aspects and criteria that may have an impact on market expansion.

The Major Key Company Profiles included in Digital Genome Engineering market study are:

-Abbott Laboratories-Agilent Technologies Inc-Becton, Dickinson and Company-Biomerieux SA-Bio-rad Laboratories Inc-Roche-Illumina Inc-Inscripta-Oxford Nanopore Technologies Ltd-Pacific Bioscience-Perkinelmer Inc-Qiagen NV-Regeneron Pharmaceuticals-Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc

Market Segmentation

The research looks on the industry's growth goals, cost awareness, and manufacturing procedures. Market segmentation by product type, application, end-user, and geography is discussed in the Digital Genome Engineering research report. A basic industry overview, as well as categorization, definition, and, as a result, the supply and demand chain structure, are included in the market study. Global research includes global marketing data, competitive climate surveys, growth rates, and critical development status information.

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The impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on the worldwide market is covered in the research study. While tensions between Russia and Ukraine have been increasing for years, the present military action heightens fears of a long-term conflict within Ukraine, as well as market and global economic implications. The market research report covers whether this ongoing conflict is making any of on target market or not.

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Segmentation by type:

-Miss Target Assessment-Target Efficiency Prediction-Typing Efficiency Prediction-Measurement of Editing Efficiency of Target Genome-Other

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-Hospital-Research Institute-Institutions of Higher Learning

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Regional Analysis

From production and consumer ratios to market size and market share, import and export ratios, supply and demand, consumer demand ratios, technological advancements, research and development, infrastructure development, economic growth, and a strong market presence in every region, research covers everything. Geographic study will assist players in discovering profitable markets where they may capitalize on fresh opportunities. The Digital Genome Engineering market is divided into five regions: North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World.

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The research report covers financial conditions, global positioning, product portfolios, income and gross profit margins, as well as technology and research breakthroughs. The Digital Genome Engineering market research focuses on the industry's most notable acquisitions, collaborations, and product launches. To provide deeper insights into key players, the study report incorporates modern research approaches such as SWOT and Porter's Five Forces analysis. The study provides a comprehensive assessment of the global competitive climate as well as critical insights into the major competitors and their expansion plans.

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1 Scope of the Report2 Executive Summary3 Digital Genome Engineering Market Size by Player4 Digital Genome Engineering by Regions5 Americas6 APAC7 Europe8 Middle East & Africa9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends10 Global Digital Genome Engineering Market Forecast11 Key Players Analysis12 Research Findings and Conclusion

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Digital Genome Engineering Market Size and Industry Analysis 2022 : Biotechnology Revolution to Boom the Digital Genome Business with Latest Research...

Hand Anatomy – eOrthopod.com

Introduction

Few structures of the human anatomy are as unique as the hand. The hand needs to be mobile in order to position the fingers and thumb. Adequate strength forms the basis for normal hand function. The hand also must be coordinated to perform fine motor tasks with precision. The structures that form and move the hand require proper alignment and control in order for normal hand function to occur.

In addition to reading this article, be sure to watch our Hand Anatomy Animated Tutorial Video.

This guide will help you understand

The important structures of the hand can be divided into several categories. These include

The front, or palm-side, of the hand is referred to as the palmar side. The back of the hand is called the dorsal side.

Bones and Joints

There are 27 bones within the wrist and hand. The wrist itself contains eight small bones, called carpals. The carpals join with the two forearm bones, the radius and ulna, forming the wrist joint. Further into the palm, the carpals connect to the metacarpals. There are five metacarpals forming the palm of the hand. One metacarpal connects to each finger and thumb. Small bone shafts called phalanges line up to form each finger and thumb.

The main knuckle joints are formed by the connections of the phalanges to the metacarpals. These joints are called the metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP joints). The MCP joints work like a hinge when you bend and straighten your fingers and thumb.

The three phalanges in each finger are separated by two joints, called interphalangeal joints (IP joints). The one closest to the MCP joint (knuckle) is called the proximal IP joint (PIP joint). The joint near the end of the finger is called the distal IP joint (DIP joint). The thumb only has one IP joint between the two thumb phalanges. The IP joints of the digits also work like hinges when you bend and straighten your fingers and thumb.

The joints of the hand, fingers, and thumb are covered on the ends with articular cartilage. This white, shiny material has a rubbery consistency. The function of articular cartilage is to absorb shock and provide an extremely smooth surface tofacilitate motion. There is articular cartilage essentially everywhere that two bony surfaces move against one another, or articulate.

Ligaments and Tendons

Ligaments are tough bands of tissue that connect bones together. Two important structures, called collateral ligaments, are found on either side of each finger and thumb joint. The function of the collateral ligaments is to prevent abnormal sideways bending of each joint.

In the PIP joint (the middle joint between the main knuckle and the DIP joint), the strongest ligament is the volar plate. This ligament connects the proximal phalanx to the middle phalanx on the palm side of the joint. The ligament tightens as the joint is straightened and keeps the PIP joint from bending back too far (hyperextending). Finger deformities can occur when the volar plate loosens from disease or injury.

The tendons that allow each finger joint to straighten are called the extensor tendons. The extensor tendons of the fingers begin as muscles that arise from the backside of the forearm bones. These muscles travel towards the hand, where they eventually connect to the extensor tendons before crossing over the back of the wrist joint. As they travel into the fingers, the extensor tendons become the extensor hood. The extensor hood flattens out to cover the top of the finger and sends out branches on each side that connect to the bones in the middle and end of the finger.

The place where the extensor tendon attaches to the middle phalanx is called the central slip. When the extensor muscles contract, they tug on the extensor tendon and straighten the finger. Problems occur when the central slip is damaged, as can happen with a tear.

Muscles

Many of the muscles that control the hand start at the elbow or forearm. They run down the forearm and cross the wrist and hand. Some control only the bending or straightening of the wrist. Others influence motion of the fingers or thumb. Many of these muscles help position and hold the wrist and hand while the thumb and fingers grip or perform fine motor actions.

Most of the small muscles that work the thumb and pinky finger start on the carpal bones. These muscles connect in ways that allow the hand to grip and hold. Two muscles allow the thumb to move across the palm of the hand, an important function called thumb opposition.

The smallest muscles that originate in the wrist and hand are called the intrinsic muscles. The intrinsic muscles guide the fine motions of the fingers by getting the fingers positioned and holding them steady during hand activities.

Nerves

All of the nerves that travel to the hand and fingers begin together at the shoulder: the radial nerve, the median nerve, and the ulnar nerve. These nerves carry signals from the brain to the muscles that move the arm, hand, fingers, and thumb. The nerves also carry signals back to the brain about sensations such as touch, pain, and temperature.

The radial nerve runs along the thumb-side edge of the forearm. It wraps around the end of the radius bone toward the back of the hand. It gives sensation to the back of the hand from the thumb to the third finger. It also supplies the back of the thumb and just beyond the main knuckle of the back surface of the ring and middle fingers.

The median nerve travels through a tunnel within the wrist called the carpal tunnel. This nerve gives sensation to the thumb, index finger, long finger, and half of the ring finger. It also sends a nerve branch to control the thenar muscles of the thumb. The thenar muscles help move the thumb and let you touch the pad of the thumb to the tips each of each finger on the same hand, a motion called opposition.

The ulnar nerve travels through a separate tunnel, called Guyons canal. This tunnel is formed by two carpal bones, the pisiform and hamate, and the ligament that connects them. After passing through the canal, the ulnar nerve branches out to supply feeling to the little finger and half the ring finger. Branches of this nerve also supply the small muscles in the palm and the muscle that pulls the thumb toward the palm.

The nerves that travel to the hand are subject to problems. Constant bending and straightening of the wrist and fingers can lead to irritation or pressure on the nerves within their tunnels and cause problems such as pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand, fingers, and thumb.

Blood Vessels

Traveling along with the nerves are the large vessels that supply the hand with blood. The largest artery is the radial artery that travels across the front of the wrist, closest to the thumb. The radial artery is where the pulse is taken in the wrist. The ulnar artery runs next to the ulnar nerve through Guyons canal (mentioned earlier). The ulnar and radial arteries arch together within the palm of the hand, supplying the front of the hand, fingers, and thumb. Other arteries travel across the back of the wrist to supply the back of the hand, fingers, and thumb.

The hand is formed of numerous structures that have an important role in normal hand function. Conditions that change the way these structures work can greatly impact whether the hand functions normally. When our hands are free of problems, its easy to take the complex anatomy of the hand for granted.

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Hand Anatomy - eOrthopod.com

Grey’s Anatomy season 19 premiere date: When will news come out? – CarterMatt

We are almost two weeks removed now from the end of season 18 and, of course, we want to know more aboutGreys Anatomyseason 19! When is the next season of the landmark drama going to come out?

It goes without saying, but there is a lot to be excited for as we ponder over the future of this show. Take, for starters, the fact that there were multiple cliffhangers that hint at a very uncertain future for a number of familiar faces. Teddy and Owen, for example, could be in a different part of the world after fleeing Seattle. Meanwhile, Bailey quit her job after the residency program was shut down! All of a sudden, it feels to her like the work she put in more or less amounts to nothing.

Rest assured,Greys Anatomyseason 19 is on the fall schedule for ABC, and we will probably have a chance to get more news on it sooner rather than later. Just how long are we talking here? If we were to guess, the news will start pouring in when it comes to the middle of July. This is when weve seen the network announce premiere dates in advance, and there is little reason to think that theyd start changing things up all of a sudden here. They dont want to announce these datestooearly, after all, in fear that they would have to change them a little bit later. The most important thing to know is that your favorites are coming back, and they could be bringing some more great stuff across the board with them.

Once the premiere date is announced and filming begins later this summer, its our expectation that come early September, we could start getting a few teases as to what is actually coming up.

Related Be sure to get some more news when it comes to Greys Anatomy right now

Be sure to share right now in the attached comments! Once you do just that, remember to also stay put for other updates you will not want to miss. (Photo: ABC.)

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Grey's Anatomy season 19 premiere date: When will news come out? - CarterMatt

Ranking the top ‘Grey’s Anatomy’ episodes of all time – Crow River Media

For 18 seasons Greys Anatomy has been thrilling and breaking the hearts of countless diehard fans. With 401 episodes and counting, the show is currently the longest running primetime medical dramaon television, giving it an outsize impact on American pop culture. Even those who have never seen an episode have probably heard someone reference Dr. McDreamy (a reference to Patrick Dempseys character) or watched one of the many shows creator Shonda Rhimes has helmed since her Greys Anatomy breakout. It may have even changed the way some people view health care and doctors in the real world.

This rich history makes it extremely difficult to narrow down the shows best hours. After all, this is a show thats featured Post-It note weddings, hospital proms, and enough freak accidents to make any sane person think twice before checking into Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital. Heartbreaking departures have allowed the shows diverse cast to explore some of the most pressing social issues of the day, including LGBTQ+ rights and the #MeToo movement, in some of the series most acclaimed storylines. Theres no denying Meredith Greys life has been agonizing, chaotic, and electrifying to watch.

Stacker has taken a more democratic approach to reveal the top 25 best Greys Anatomy episodes, using data from IMDb. Rankings are based on each episodes average IMDb rating, with ties broken by votes. The end result is a list of the best swoon-worthy declarations of love, heartbreaking tragedies, and moving moments of pure friendship that have kept fans glued to screens for more than a decade.

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Ranking the top 'Grey's Anatomy' episodes of all time - Crow River Media