How African Americans Supported Evolution in the 1925 Scopes Trial – JSTOR Daily

In July of this year, a prominent statue of antievolutionist William Jennings Bryan in Dayton, Tennessee acquired a new neighbora statue of Clarence Darrow, the evolutionist and criminal defense attorney who fought against Bryan in the 1925 Scopes Monkey Trial. The new statue is largely funded by the Freedom From Religion Foundation, and the trial itself was backed by the ACLU, which persuaded John Scopes, a local science teacher, to incriminate himself for violating the Tennessee Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in state-funded schools. The trial garnered much attention during its eight-day run in 1925, including among African Americans.

Many Fundamentalist African Americans supported William Jennings Bryan, despite his lack of support for the black community. However, some church leaders, such as the Reverend W. H. Mosesthe campaign director for the National Baptist Conventionbelieved the focus on evolution would bridge the increasing divide between secular and religious African Americans. Historian Jeffrey P. Moran writes, Moses hoped that the trial would demonstrate that Christianity is strengthened by science rather than weakened and that the conflict would thus restore the confidence of the darker races in Christianity.

Southern black intellectuals viewed the fundamentalist nature of the South, among both blacks and whites, as counter to intellectual and socioeconomic progression.

While Moses desire largely went unfulfilled, the secular black elite championed evolution during this time, and even employed the Scopes trial in their twin struggle against white supremacy in the South and ministerial dominance throughout African America. The black newspaper the Washington Tribune connected the black struggle not just to Scopes, but also to his sister, who was denied employment as a math teacher based on her evolutionist opinions. The newspaper immediately connected the decision with the white Souths refusal to grant African Americans their rights because they might become trouble-makers and challenge the status quo.

Moran writes that part of the white, Southern antagonism against evolution was due to its perceived connection to interracial marriage and the increase of mixed race individuals who could not easily be classified. Other antievolutionists fought against the idea that races had not come from a single sourceAdam and Eve. Even evolutionists of the time, however, largely supported eugenics and the belief that African Americans, and other minorities, were less evolved than their white counterparts. In fact, the well-regarded textbook John Scopes used in his classroom promoted eugenics.

Despite evolutionists historical connection to racist ideology in the manner of intelligence tests, craniometry, and physical anthropology, the secular black elite saw these antiquated views slowly but positively leaving professional practice. For this reason, [b]lack intellectuals took the occasion of the Scopes trial to renew their struggle for influence within the overwhelmingly pious black community. They viewed the fundamentalist nature of the South, among both blacks and whites, as counter to intellectual and socioeconomic progression.

John Scopes ultimately lost the trial and was forced to pay a $100 fine. Though The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes did not end in favor of Scopes, Darrow, or the secular black elite, it paved the way for future recognition and legislative support for evolution. It also turned Dayton, Tennessee into place of national significance, where travelers and enthusiasts flock to the small town for the annual Scopes Trial Festival.

By: Jeffrey P. Moran

The Journal of American History, Vol. 90, No. 3 (Dec., 2003), pp. 891-911

Oxford University Press on behalf of Organization of American Historians

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How African Americans Supported Evolution in the 1925 Scopes Trial - JSTOR Daily

Harvard biologist, St. Louisan Jonathan Losos discusses evolution we see in the world today – St. Louis Public Radio

Native St. Louisan Jonathan Losos is a Harvard University biology professor and director of Losos Laboratory at the university. He recently wrote the book Improbable Destinies: Fate, Chance and the Future of Evolution.

The book follows researchers across the world who are using experimental evolutionary science to learn more about our role in the natural world.

On Thursdays St. Louis on the Air, Losos joined host Don Marsh to discuss the science behind evolution and whats changing in todays world.

The scientific evidence that evolution has occurred is overwhelming, Losos said. We have ample evidence in the fossil record that documents one species changing to another. We can see that evolution happening today, before our eyes, and we can do experiments on evolution and see it occur.

On the day-to-day, Losos said scientists are able to see environmental pressures that spur natural selection and evolution, giving the example of antibiotic-resistant microbes. In humans, its not so palpable.

One could argue humans arent evolving so much anymore, Losos said. The reason for that is that for evolution by natural selection to occur, individuals with particular genetic variants must leave more offspring in the next generation. For example, if individuals with blue eyes produce more offspring, that would lead to evolution. But the way our culture has come to be, the link between physical characteristic and reproductive success is weak. Human evolution isnt happening so much anymore.

Listen to the full discussion about evolution and how it impacts the world we live in today here:

Harvard biologist Jonathan Losos discusses evolutionary biology and what it means in today's world with St. Louis on the Air host Don Marsh.

Related Event

What: St. Louis County Library Presents Jonathan Losos When: Thursday, August 17 at 7:00 p.m. Where: St. Louis County Library Headquarters, 1640 S. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis MO. 63131 More information.

St. Louis on the Airbrings you the stories of St. Louis and the people who live, work and create in our region. St. Louis on the Air hostDon Marshand producersMary Edwards,Alex HeuerandKelly Moffittgive you the information you need to make informed decisions and stay in touch with our diverse and vibrant St. Louis region.

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Harvard biologist, St. Louisan Jonathan Losos discusses evolution we see in the world today - St. Louis Public Radio

The Evolution Of Missandei As One Of The Most Important Game Of Thrones Characters – BuzzFeed News

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I feel like when things get more dangerous, itll be a chance for Missandei to show what shes really made of, Nathalie Emmanuel told BuzzFeed News. (Warning: Spoilers all over the damn place.)

Posted on August 17, 2017, 20:23 GMT

Missandei (Nathalie Emmanuel) in Season 7 of Game of Thrones.

Nathalie Emmanuel was a fan of Game of Thrones long before she joined the cast in Season 3 as Missandei, a trusted adviser to Daenerys Targaryen (Emilia Clarke). As fate would have it, after two seasons of faithfully watching the HBO series along with other fans, she saw the listing for a nonwhite actress, playing age 18 to 24, and immediately jumped at the chance.

I phoned my agent and she was like, Ive already got you an audition, Emmanuel told BuzzFeed News. The actor knew little about her characters arc besides the fact that she would appear in a few episodes in Season 3 of the HBO original series, with the possibility but no guarantee of returning in future seasons. Emmanuel was also drawn to the role because of Missandeis relationship with Daenerys, also known as Daenerys Stormborn, Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea, Mother of Dragons, and Breaker of Chains, among other names.

When I first had the audition, they just gave us one scene to prepare, so I didnt know much about Missandei. But what I did know was shed been through a lot and was a very strong individual, Emmanuel said.

When viewers first meet Missandei in the first episode of Season 3, she was a slave to Kraznys mo Nakloz (Dan Hildebrand) in Astapor. Kraznys is a slave trader and a Good Master someone who rules over the three cities that make up the appropriately named Slavers Bay. We learn later that she was born on the island of Naath in the Summer Sea, and was removed from her home at a young age before she began her life of servitude. Fluent in 19 languages, Missandei acted as an interpreter between Kraznys and Daenerys when Daenerys visited Astapor. While the slave master was rude and condescending to Daenerys, Missandei diplomatically as Emmanuel described it translated his words so as to not offend Khaleesi.

After reaching an agreement to trade one of Daeneryss dragons for his 8,000 Unsullied soldiers and Missandei, the Queen of Dragons spoke to Kraznys in his own language of Low Valyrian and revealed that she understood his insults the whole time Missandei was translating for him. She then orders the Unsullied to attack the Good Masters and kill all of the slave owners and their soldiers. Daenerys and the Unsullied leave Astapor, and Missandei joins her new queen on a journey to reign over Westeros. After freely serving Daenerys and assisting her with handmaiden-like tasks, Missandei eventually earns her place as one of Daeneryss trusted advisers.

Shes gone from enslaved object and a piece of property to this free-thinking, free-feeling person with emotions, opinions, and authority. And in a way, assertiveness."

Emmanuel thinks of Missandeis current role as a significant shift and major achievement, considering where she started. Aside from being Daeneryss adviser, shes a member of her small council, the most trusted people within the queens inner circle.

Shes gone from enslaved object and a piece of property to this free-thinking, free-feeling person with emotions, opinions, and authority. And in a way, assertiveness, Emmanuel said.

Missandei and Daenerys (Emilia Clarke) have a brief moment alone in Season 7.

Missandei and Daeneryss friendship has become one of the hallmark relationships on the show. She spends most of her days with Daenerys the two powerful women existing in a world dominated by men.

Missandei had seen this woman free people and show her incredible humanity to people. Missandei believed in her and wanted to support her, Emmanuel said. But then in return, Daenerys has this person who knows this world and understands these people, and she obviously seeks her advisement and her expertise on it. As a result, theyve got this pretty great team.

Missandei and Daenerys's relationship extend beyond the politics of Westeros its deeply personal. In Season 7, Episode 4, The Spoils of War, Missandei had a moment alone with Daenerys and asked if she'd heard from the Unsullied after they were ordered to storm Casterly Rock. Daenerys picked up on Missandeis sense of urgency about Grey Worm (Jacob Anderson), an Unsullied soldier Missandei has developed a strong affection for. In fact, the two had a romantic encounter before Grey Worm left for Casterly Rock. When asked by Daenerys what happened between them, Missandei coyly replied, Many things. Daenerys replies, Many things? and the two smirk at each other, leaving the obvious unsaid.

Its not uncommon on Game of Thrones for advisers to develop strong bonds with the kings and queens they serve, but Missandei and Daeneryss relationship is still a unique one; the two can go from discussing war policy to matters of the heart, according to Emmanuel.

The story is mostly about this war and this journey that were on with these characters, and so I think these very real moments between Missandei and Daenerys are lovely to see because it reminds us that theyre really just human beings, she said. They all have crushes, and its an aside from the official business.

Their characters' friendship on the show reflects a genuine relationship in real life, according to Emmanuel. The cast members have built an authentic bond off set and hang out outside of work, which often results in chatting and drinking tea. Bless her heart, she works so hard, Emmanuel said of her Emilia Clarke. Shes up and puts in work a long time before I am even waking up.

Missandei and Grey Worm (Jacob Anderson) kiss in Season 7.

Missandeis relationship with Grey Worm who is also a part of Daeneryss small council is another window into her characters evolution. Grey Worm, like Missandei, has been loyal to Daenerys since her usurping of Astapor, and has risen through the ranks to become the leader of the Unsullied forces. The pairs relationship is based on their mutual understanding of where they both come from and what theyve survived, from enslavement and abuse to gaining freedom and power.

They found themselves in the middle of this new world, and theyve almost helped each other through it, Emmanuel said.

The feelings between Grey Worm and Missandei came to a head in Season 7, Episode 2, titled Stormborn. When Daenerys sent the Unsullied soldiers to overtake Casterly Rock and fight the Lannisters, Grey Worm was forced to leave Missandei behind in Dragonstone where she and Daenerys awaited Jon Snows arrival and plotted their next moves toward Westeros. In a vulnerable moment, before Grey Worm left, the two are physically intimate.

From what I imagine about Missandeis sexual experiences as a woman and a slave, they would not have been consensual or what she wanted, she said. So, this is her first time being touched and embraced by a man who cared about her, who loved her, and who she felt the same way about.

After it appeared in the July 23 episode of Game of Thrones, Missandei and Grey Worms sex scene was at the center of the conversation around the show. It was well-received by critics and was considered a big deal. Emmanuel thinks a lot of people reacted so positively to Missandei and Grey Worms sex scene because viewers have watched their relationship build for a long time. Often, a lot of the sex scenes are about gratification, stealing moments with each other, and with certain people it happens in the brothels or its been rape, Emmanuel explained. Thats been very brutal. The only exception Emmanuel could think of is Jon Snow (Kit Harrington) and Ygrittes (Rose Leslie) cave moment in Season 3, which, like Missandei and Grey Worm, involved trust and consent.

As a member of the Unsullied, Grey Worm was castrated, leaving him especially vulnerable with Missandei. That factor alone made this moment incredibly important to him. She wasnt concerned with what was there or what wasnt there, essentially. She was like, I love this man, I want to see him in his entirety, and love him just as he is, Emmanuel explained.

She knows where he comes from, she knows what happened to him, she said.

Missandei and Daenerys when they first meet in Season 3.

There arent many actors of color who appear on Game of Thrones in significant roles, and the HBO show has received backlash for its predominantly white cast and lack of diversity. Daenerys has even been at the center of this criticism, with people calling her a white savior for emancipating slaves and helping people of color. In Season 3, Episode 10, there was an especially controversial image of Khaleesi being lifted up in a large crowd of Yunkai people who were worshipping the woman who liberated them. The shot shows Daenerys (white, blonde, and wearing a light blue dress) lying on top of a sea of nonwhite people, repeating the word mysah (mother) over and over again in gratitude.

Emmanuel thinks her role as a woman of color on GoT is crucial and she's grateful that the writers on the show gave Missandei an interesting and important storyline. When it comes to diversity on television overall, however, the actor believes there are still many strides to be made in the name of progress. Hopefully in the future when we have shows on this kind of level, we can see more and more characters of diversity and actors from different backgrounds being included, she said. Im hopeful for that, and am willing to work and push toward that.

"Hopefully in the future when we have shows on this kind of level, we can see more and more characters of diversity."

While she personally will always want to discuss representation on television and film, Emmanuel believes its a conversation everyone needs to have.

I feel like its a question thats often posed to people of color and actually the conversation is for everybody the people who are making shows, writing, and casting on every level, she said. Maybe one day Ill be in those rooms and making my own things and I can influence that more myself. Its a conversation that I enjoy having and will always have, but I do think that its a conversation that needs to be had with everybody at every level.

As far as Missandeis experience as a person of color with power in Westeros, Emmanuel thinks you can relate that back to real life.

Missandei is very aware that shes in new territory with new people and probably people that are racially different from her, she said. That can often be a huge shock to your system when youve been growing up in one place with people who look like you, and then all of a sudden youre thrown into this world where youre one of a few. And then especially also being a woman, theres no doubt shes felt a little trepidation about that.

Despite the fact that shes an outsider in the predominantly white and fictional land of Westeros, Emmanuel thinks her character still holds her her own agency and power.

In Season 7, Episode 4, when Jon Snow and Ser Davos (Liam Cunningham) were visiting Dragonstone at Daeneryss invitation, the men asked Missandei why she still serves Daenerys even though shes freed from slavery and servitude. Missandei replied that shes free to serve who she wants, and that she genuinely believes in Khaleesi. Jon Snow then asked what would theoretically happen if Missandei wanted to return to her home, to which she said, Then she would give me a ship and wish me good fortune. Missandeis power lies in her own choice to stay loyal to Daenerys, and whatever role she is given if Daenerys does become queen of the Seven Kingdoms.

They believe in this woman and this queen based on her actions not based on anything else, Emmanuel said. Thats the world that I want to live in one day, one thats based purely on your actions and who you are, not based on your gender, race, sexual orientation, or gender identification, and its about what you are as a person who you are as a person.

With Season 7 drawing to a close on Aug. 27 and only one final season to follow thereafter, viewers anxiously watch each week to see what will happen to the people of Westeros. Emmanuel is one of the millions of people watching GoT on Sundays, and like the shows fans, shes watching these episodes for the very first time.

Weve read scripts a year ago and maybe have an idea of whats happening. I know my own storyline, but even with that, it was such a long time ago, she said. Its hard to know how its going to unveil on screen. And no matter what you think it might look like or feel like to watch it, it exceeds all of your expectations, ever.

Missandeis fate, much like everyone else's on Game of Thrones, is currently unknown. Emmanuel said she isnt sure whats in store for her character, but that shes happy to be a part of Season 8.

"I feel like when things get more dangerous, itll be a chance for Missandei to show what shes really made of."

She is smart. I feel like when things get more dangerous, itll be a chance for Missandei to show what shes really made of, Emmanuel said. Shes got the bravery to get to this point, so maybe well see a bit more of that bravery.

As for the prospect of Missandei enduring a less positive outcome, Emmanuel said shes made her peace with that being an option for her character. After seven seasons fans of Game of Thrones are aware that death is always a possibility, especially as the plot thickens and tensions rise between the Lannisters, Starks, Daenerys Targaryen, and the White Walkers. If Missandei does die in the midst of the impending action, Emmanuel said she wants people to feel a lot of things.

I want her death to be an epic moment that people remember.

Krystie Yandoli is an entertainment editor for BuzzFeed News and is based in New York.

Contact Krystie Lee Yandoli at krystie.yandoli@buzzfeed.com.

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The Evolution Of Missandei As One Of The Most Important Game Of Thrones Characters - BuzzFeed News

The evolution of late night TV shows under Donald Trump – New York Daily News

NEW YORK DAILY NEWS

Thursday, August 17, 2017, 12:05 PM

How did we get here?

There was a time when late night TV shows like "The Tonight Show" and "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" were a light respite from harsh realities.

In recent weeks, the one following the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Va., in particular, hosts of once-fun talk shows broke from their usual hilarity to get serious about the news.

Jimmy Fallon, who was criticized during Donald Trump's campaign for tousling the reality-star-turned-politician's infamous coiffe in September 2016, fought back tears as he recalled watching white supremacists and neo-Nazis spew hatred over the weekend.

Jimmy Fallon skips the jokes while addressing Charlottesville

Kimmel follow suit, half-joking that following a series of questionably sincere statements from Trump, Americans were left questioning his alliances.

"We went into the weekend wondering about Kim Jong Un starting a war. We came out of it wondering if our president was cutting eyeholes in his bedsheets," he said.

For Fallon and Kimmel, the events that unfolded in Charlottesville served as something of a turning point.

Early in Trump's campaign both late night TV hosts regularly took jabs at the New York real estate mogul. Fallon repeatedly donned a wig in the same style as Trump's hair while Kimmel often mocked his inability to put his ego aside while delivering speeches.

Jimmy Kimmel says son is doing great months after heart surgery

As the President's wild ride continues, both slowly began taking a harsher stance.

On May 2, amid cries from Trump to "repeal and replace" Obamacare, Kimmel broke down in tears about his newborn son's health issues.

He praised congress for opting "to not go along with" the president's proposal to cut the National Institutes of Health's budget by $6 billion, noting that no family should have to fear losing their child because they can't afford care.

"If your baby is going to die and it doesn't have to, it shouldn't matter how much money you make," Kimmel said. "I think that's something that whether you're a Republican or a Democrat or something else, we all agree on that, right?"

Stephen Colbert wants to finish TV show before nuclear war

Fallon's defining moment came in the wake of Trump's July Twitter proposal to ban transgender military service personnel.

Rather than skewer the president himself, Fallon invited trans comedian Patti Harrison to throw a few comedic punches for him.

As the Trump administration's reign wages on, it's becoming increasingly apparent to late night viewers that they can no longer tune in and zone out to "Tonight Show" games of Kimmel's wildly popular "Lie Witness News."

Trump's campaign actively divided the nation and now, it's creating a rift among late night TV shows.

No one knows where North Korea is on Jimmy Kimmel Live!

While "The Tonight Show" and "Live with Jimmy Kimmel!" are relatively newly woke, other late night show runners have been utilizing their platform to make people laugh while also keeping them in the loop.

Early in Trump's presidency,Seth Meyers, Stephen Colbert and John Oliver decided they weren't going to cut Trump any slack.

The "Late Night" host delivered an especially moving post-Charlottesville Trump takedown, bashing the president's decision to point fingers at "many sides" following the rally, which left one dead.

"On many sides," Meyers said quoting the president. "If that choice of words made you feel sick to your stomach, the good news is you're a normal and decent person. The jury is still out on the president, as he initially refused to condemn the white supremacist movement in this country."

Anthony Scaramucci to appear on Late Show' Monday

On "The Late Show With Stephen Colbert," the host has made a point to call out Trump and his cohorts at every turn since he announced his candidacy in 2015, growing more and more vocal as time passed.

In February the former "Colbert Report" host tackled Trump's first solo press conference. During the speech, the president suggested that he had "inherited a mess," which didn't sit right with Colbert.

"No, you inherited a fortune. We elected a mess. For the record," Colbert said.

For his part, Oliver has delivered a number of scathing Trump-centric "Last Week Tonight" speeches, though perhaps his most memorable comments on the matter came right after Charlottesville.

Jimmy Fallon ends Stephen Colbert's five-month winning streak

Using his usual brand of British sarcasm to his benefit, Oliver slammed Trump's failure to denounce Nazis right off the bat.

"I've got to say, David Duke and the Nazis really seem to like Donald Trump," he said. "Which is weird, because Nazis are a lot like cats; if they like you, it's probably because you're feeding them.

The trio has, in the weeks and months since those poignant on-and-off-air moments, continued to cover Trump and his administration in great detail, regularly tackling disparaging policy proposals, potentially illegal acts and more.

The trio continues to pave the way in late night time slots, refusing to back down for the sake of bipartisan viewership. Only time will tell if the others continue to hold their ground.

Continued here:

The evolution of late night TV shows under Donald Trump - New York Daily News

East Boulder evolution in focus as Eastpointe redevelopment wins approval – Boulder Daily Camera

Thursday's meeting of the Boulder Planning Board was a big moment for the future of the city's east edge.

Before the board were proposals for two separate developments along east Arapahoe Avenue, which together would bring 566 rental housing units to the evolving corridor.

The first proposal a plan to redevelop the Eastpointe Apartments at 1550 Eisenhower Drive won the board's approval, in a 5-1 vote that will be final barring an intervention and subsequent reversal by the City Council.

Should that decision stand, the existing Eastpointe complex, which features 140 relatively inexpensive units in aging buildings, will be razed. The 7-acre site will be redeveloped with 226 units with rents, developer Aimco said, that will range from about $1,500 for studios to "the high $3,000s" for three-bedroom units.

High as those figures might be, the immense wealth in the Boulder area means that, according to calculations of area median incomes, Eastpointe's units would qualify as "middle-income."

The future Eastpointe is set to have a 254-space underground parking garage, plus ample bike parking.

Following the Eastpointe vote was a hearing on the concept plan for a development proposal at what's become known at the Waterview site a location that's proven vexing to developers who've tried and failed to build there in recent years.

At Waterview, across 14 acres at 5801 and 5847 Arapahoe Ave., Zocalo Community Development seeks to put up 11 buildings, in which they'd put 340 units and 19,000 square feet of commercial space.

Those units would range from roughly $1,000 for studios to $1,300 for two-bedrooms, the developers said, while the market-rate units would range from $1,250 to $2,450.

In presentations to the board on Thursday, the developers of the respective sites made similar appeals: Their projects, they said, will provide sorely-needed housing largely at middle-income rates along a major transit corridor and burgeoning job center. Pedestrian-oriented designs with an eye on green space will appeal to residents and passersby, they both argued.

"This," said Eastpointe developer Patti Shwayder, "is going to be transformational to the community."

Eastpointe is only one project, and the Waterview plans are likely months away from even going up for possible approval. But these two plans, if realized, would bring many hundreds of new residents to a corridor that includes single-family neighborhoods, minimal commercial options and a lot of industrial and office space.

While Aimco and Zocalo focused on what their projects can do to fill needs, Eastpointe and Waterview could also help usher in or at least accelerate a period of substantial change along east Arapahoe Avenue in terms of transportation options, housing density and mixed-use development.

But not all are thrilled with the changes that these two projects represent.

The public-hearing portion of Waterview did not begin until late Thursday night, but previous comments submitted to the city indicate strong concerns about the project's potential impact on traffic and transportation safety, as well as the presence of wetlands on the site.

"This is a very low-density area and to put a high-density project on this site does not fit," said Mary Beth Vellequette, who lives nearby. "We are very concerned about the number of cars on Arapahoe; there's already difficulty getting out of our subdivision as it is."

The Planning Board was only giving feedback on Waterview, as opposed to voting, but comments by some members suggested the site's flood risk could be a hurdle for the project, as could the fact that the developers aim to insert hundreds of new residents into an area with a presently undefined character.

Meanwhile, at Eastpointe, the concerns lean more toward the issue of affordability.

Aimco, like all developers, must satisfy the city's inclusionary housing requirement as part of its approval; it plans, as of now, to satisfy that by paying cash in lieu of developing affordable units on- or off-site.

While those Planning Board members generally offered high praise for the project's design, the fact that the new Eastpointe will attract greater wealth than the current one has is troubling to some. That includes members of the City Council who called up the project when it was still in the concept phase, and specifically requested Aimco prioritize a diversity of housing types at a diversity of price points.

"I think we have to strive harder for on-site affordability," lamented Planning Board member Crystal Gray, who cast the lone vote against the project.

"There's a certain sense of regret that we know there will probably be higher rents in the new development," member David Ensign said. "It does make us take a little pause to think about how we are meeting our affordable housing goals."

And board Chairman John Putnam added: "I am disappointed that at least one of the (four residential) buildings wasn't designated for a housing authority."

But the Planning Board and City Council can't require that under the city's current rules, which allow every developer the option to simply give the city cash or land, if they don't want to build on-site affordable housing.

"I think as we look forward, we have to look at this," Putnam said, "because we're going to have more of our housing stock turning over."

Alex Burness: 303-473-1389, burnessa@dailycamera.com or twitter.com/alex_burness

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East Boulder evolution in focus as Eastpointe redevelopment wins approval - Boulder Daily Camera

This odd-looking creature may be the ‘missing link’ in dinosaur evolution – Los Angeles Times

Chilesaurus, a two-legged dinosaur with a Frankenstein-like mix of features, could be the missing link that fills a mysterious gap in the dinosaur family tree, a new analysis shows.

The findings, published in the journal Biology Letters, may support a new proposal that could alter our understanding of dinosaur evolution.

Chilesaurus, described by an earlier team of scientists in 2015 in the journal Nature, lived around 150 million years ago in what is now southern Chile. About 2 to 3 meters in length from snout to tail, it walked on its back legs. Judging by its flat teeth, the dinosaur was probably an herbivore.

Scientists place dinosaurs into the family tree by comparing key physical characteristics, such as the teeth or the shape of the hips. Chilesaurus didnt seem to fit neatly into any one of the dinosaur categories, said Matthew Baron, a doctoral candidate in paleontology at Cambridge University who co-led the Biology Letters paper.

Dinosaurs are generally separated into one of two groups: the lizard-hipped Saurischia, which includes theropods (like Tyrannosaurus rex and all birds) and Sauropodomorphs; or the bird-hipped Ornithischia, which counts stegosaurus, triceratops and the duck-billed hadrosaurs among its members.

Chilesaurus didnt fit into any of these categories. It was classified as a theropod, which are mostly meat-eaters. Yet it had flat teeth for plant-eating, as the largely herbivorous Ornithischia would. Why would it have a mix of traits if those two groups were so distantly related?

It was a bit of a puzzling specimen, really, Baron said.

Nobu Tamura

Chilesaurus, depicted in this artist's rendition, has a strange mix of physical traits that defy easy explanation.

Chilesaurus, depicted in this artist's rendition, has a strange mix of physical traits that defy easy explanation. (Nobu Tamura)

Earlier this year, however, Baron showed that the dinosaur family tree branches might need to be radically redrawn. And he did just that, putting theropods and ornithischians together as sister groups, with a direct shared ancestor. Under his new model, described in the journal Nature, Baron realized that this strange Chilesaurus fossil might actually make sense.

Baron reanalyzed the dinosaurs features by comparing them against the 457 physical characteristics hed already used to categorize dinosaurs for his updated family tree.

The results put Chilesaurus in with the plant-eating ornithischians, not the meat-eating theropods. And since those two groups are sisters in Barons proposed family tree, sharing a direct common ancestor, it makes sense that Chilesaurus is a transitional species, with some traits from both groups.

Baron speculated that the ancestor to theropods and ornithischians could have been omnivorous, and as its descendants split, one group became overwhelmingly carnivorous while the other turned increasingly to plants.

To eat more plants, ornithischians had to develop larger, more complex guts and their hips shifted into the bird-like position the group is named for. But Chilesaurus doesnt seem to have the bony beak of many of its peers, such as triceratops.

This was a bit of a surprise previously, scientists werent sure whether the plant-cropping beak or the plant-digesting gut developed first in these herbivores, Baron said. Chilesaurus provides a possible answer to that question.

(Keep in mind, even though ornithischians are called bird-hipped, living birds are actually descended from the lizard-hipped theropods, not from ornithischians. Scientists came up with these labels in the late 1880s, long before researchers knew about the relationship between dinosaurs and birds, and the names stuck.)

Gabriel Lio

A look at Chilesaurus, inside and out.

A look at Chilesaurus, inside and out. (Gabriel Lio)

Sorting out these differences is important because it helps us understand the complex and dynamic relationship between animal evolution and the environment, Baron pointed out.

Around 200 million years ago, the supercontinent known as Pangaea began to break up and the fragments drifted apart, eventually becoming the continents we recognize today. That allowed more moisture to reach more land, allowing plants to flourish and spread. And as plants thrived, the thinking goes, so did plant-eating dinosaurs, developing and diversifying like never before.

Dinosaurs really are the best model set of organisms that we have for looking at larger questions about life on earth because theyre very well studied, Baron said. We have a 247-million-year record; we know a lot about how they lived and changed and adapted through time.

And dinosaurs lived though some of the most turbulent changes in Earths history, he pointed out dramatic shifts in temperature, sea level and atmospheric content. All those changes, preserved in rock, can be mapped against the fossil record to see how life reacted and adapted over time.

As well as being really cool museum specimens and movie monsters, Baron said, dinosaurs are also one of the best groups of organisms that we know of for modeling how life responds to a changing climate.

amina.khan@latimes.com

Follow @aminawrite on Twitter for more science news and "like" Los Angeles Times Science & Health on Facebook.

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This odd-looking creature may be the 'missing link' in dinosaur evolution - Los Angeles Times

The alt-right loves Nietzsche, but Nietzsche would not love them – Boing Boing

No expression of far-right idiocy is complete without a macho misreading of Nietzsche. So frequently miscast as the godfather of everything from the Master Race to Mens' Rights, his name alone is something of a shibboleth. Which is sad, because he wouldn't have thought much of them, writes Sean Illing.

Nietzsche's argument was that you had to move forward, not fall back onto ethnocentrism, Hugo Drochon, author of Nietzsches Great Politics, told me. So in many ways Spencer is stuck in the 'Shadows of God' claiming Christianity is over but trying to find something that will replace it so that we can go on living as if it still existed, rather than trying something new. ...

Nietzsche was a lot of things iconoclast, recluse, misanthrope but he wasnt a racist or a fascist. He would have shunned the white identity politics of the Nazis and the alt-right. That hes been hijacked by racists and fascists is partly his fault, though. His writings are riddled with contradictions and puzzles. And his fixation on the future of humankind is easily confused with a kind of social Darwinism.

Actor James Franco has a new YouTube channel in which he raps about philosophy with Eliot Michaelson, a philosophy lecturer at Kings College London, and other experts on such heady matters as imagination (above), and metaphor (below). The special guest on these two episodes is Rutgers University philosophy professor Elisabeth Camp. Also below is an []

I always hate having to write Kurzgesagt In a Nutshell, because its such a wtf mouthful. But they make beautiful animated explainer videos, so I have to write Kurzgesagt In a Nutshell a lot. They are always great, but this 6-minute guide to thinking your way out of existential dread might be their []

Heres a one-sentence synopsis for this interesting 5-minute cartoon guide to Stoicism: We cant control much of what happens around us or to us, but we can control how we respond and think about it.

The Pry.Me Bottle Opener holds tens of thousands of times its own weight, and you can pick one up now from the Boing Boing Store.This remarkable keychain is considerably smaller than any of your keys, but dont let that fool you: it can easily open any bottle, and could even tow a trailer full of []

Guaranteeing your privacy online goes way beyond checking the Do Not Track option in your browsers settings. To ensure that your internet activity is totally hidden from Internet Service Providers, advertisers, and other prying eyes, take a look at Windscribes VPN protection. It usually costs $7.50 per month, but you can get a 3-year subscription []

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The alt-right loves Nietzsche, but Nietzsche would not love them - Boing Boing

Curricula on Intelligent Design Are Urgently Needed And Here They Are! – Discovery Institute

Editors note: We are delighted to welcome a new contributor to Evolution News,our colleague Daniel Reeves,Educational Outreach Assistant with Discovery Institutes Center for Science & Culture.

Representing Discovery Institute as an educational outreach assistant often means sitting at a conference book table and offering a selection of materials related to intelligent design readings that range from a brief overview of the corrosive social impacts of neo-Darwinism to 600-page technical breakdowns of complex biochemical systems. Ive watched, time after time, as students and professionals alike approach the table with visible enthusiasm only to leave feeling overwhelmed by the vast array and sheer quantity of information available on the subject. I can fully relate.

My own journey to learning about intelligent design began in high school, where I became particularly interested in the biodiversity of life and the glaring inadequacy of natural selection as an explanation for it all. A friend handed me a copy of Darwins Black Box, by Michael Behe, and I was hooked.

Soon, I learned of other titles and was knee-deep in Signature in the Cell an argument for design from the complex digital codes observed in DNA. By the time I had finished an undergraduate degree in biology and was getting acquainted with Discovery Institute, I had read another dozen or so books on the subject. My head was swimming with so many ideas that I didnt know where to turn next.

I wondered: How does this all fit together? What other arguments are out there for intelligent design? What are the counterarguments? What I wish I had to start with was a comprehensive curriculum providing a basic framework for all of the technical books and papers I would go on to read in the years to follow. Such a thing, to my knowledge, did not exist. But now it does.

Regardless of your level of study on the subject, there are now invaluable resources available to help make the multitude of current ID arguments accessible to you. Two are of special interest. Each is organized much like a textbook and comes with supplemental materials including workbooks and/or DVDs. Online companion courses are also offered for each of these, free of charge, to help the reader work through the material at her own pace. I trust that one or both of these resources will prove helpful in your own intellectual journey.

Published recently by Discovery Institute Press, Discovering Intelligent Design is a comprehensive curriculum presenting the biological and cosmological evidence in support of the scientific theory of intelligent design, as well as challenges to neo-Darwinism. Designed for readers ranging from middle-school students (in private or home schools, not public) to adults, this is a perfect place to begin your studies or to gain an overview of the arguments to date. Topics include the fine-tuning of the universe, solar system, and planet Earth, the irreducible complexity of biochemical systems, challenges to the traditional tree of life, and even strategies for engaging in the larger debate. With plenty of images, discussion questions, and accompanying videos, this curriculum stands to captivate students, professionals, families, youth groups, and more.

Or are you already comfortable with the basic framework of ID arguments? Delve deeper with The Design of Life, a beautifully illustrated college-level textbook that covers topics related to human origins, genetics, and macroevolution, the fossil record, the origin of species, irreducible complexity, and much more! Written by mathematician William Dembski and biologist Jonathan Wells, this book presents a compelling scientific case for the intelligent design of biological systems using critical analysis, clear explanations, and brilliant analogies. It will engage every reader, from trained scientist to curious layperson.

The textbooks are available for sale at the Center for Science & Culture bookstore. I hope these resources will serve you as they have me.

Photo: Daniel Reeves, via Discovery Institutes Center for Science & Culture.

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Curricula on Intelligent Design Are Urgently Needed And Here They Are! - Discovery Institute

Prohibition of dagga was racist historian – DestinyConnect

The prohibition of dagga in South Africa in the late 1800s was racist and irrational, according to historian Craig Paterson

Paterson was testifying in the dagga trial on Monday at the North Gauteng High Court.

He said he had concluded that dagga was banned because it was mostly blacks and Indians who smoked it at the time.

He said the history of the prohibition of cannabis did not find ground in rationality, reason, science or good law-making, but rather in racism, irrationality, social Darwinism, poor politics and non-science.

Paterson said historical evidence showed that alcohol led to far more arrests and prosecutions than cannabis.

According to Paterson, a South African Indian immigrant commission report in 1887 paved the future for debates around cannabis in the country.

The focus of the report was based largely on labourer indolence.

The inference is that insanity wasnt the main concern, but rather it was labour, said Paterson.

Prohibition was called for in the 1870s and in 1949, the National Party requested a special commission into cannabis.

He said the commission retained the argument of moral degradation, which showed its tacit acceptance of racial hierarchy and racism.

He also referred to this as the use of social Darwinism.

During cross-examination, the state said it would discredit Paterson as an expert and added that the entire history mentioned in his testimony was irrelevant.

Outside court, a large group of anti-cannabis protesters sang songs and held up signs saying cannabis caused users to go crazy.

Protesters wore Gauteng Social Development T-shirts.

Gauteng Social Development MEC Nandi Mayathula-Khoza said she supported the picket against the legalisation, use and possession of cannabis.

We will continue to mobilise local drug action committees, NPOs, recovering service users, families, faith-based organisations, NPOs and as many people of Gauteng as possible to participate, said Mayathula-Khoza in a statement.

Dagga is a serious problem in our communities and it is a gateway to more harmful drugs. Dagga addiction causes misery in communities and the negative effects are long-lasting. The mental institutions are full to the brim with service users suffering from substance-induced psychosis.

The trial is expected to resume on Wednesday.

News24

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Prohibition of dagga was racist historian - DestinyConnect

Robots Have Quietly Become Ohio’s Booming Workforce – Cleveland Scene Weekly

Over the last decade or so, automated labor has grown as a robust presence throughout the state and its impact is starting to be more directly seen and felt, both commercially and politically

This week, the Brookings Institute released a new study looking at the regional locations of industrial robots. Or, in the institutes phrasing, 'automatically controlled, reprogrammable machines capable of replacing labor in a range of tasks.

A closer look at the Brookings study shows where, exactly, in Ohio these robots are most likely to be found. Both Toledo, with nine robots for every 1,000 people, and the Youngstown-Warren-Boardman metro area, with 4.5 robots per 1,000 people, rank in the top 10 of the 100 largest metro areas from the study.

The Youngstown-Warren area is a bit more interesting, though. While that metro are has famously struggled with the shrinking steel manufacturing economy, its beginning to see success in more high-tech jobs, like the Youngstown Business Incubator which has a focus on additive manufacturing (aka 3D printing).

And its that sort of development that could help serve a region that, as The Daily Beast notes, is already home to thousands of companies producing metals, plastics, and polymers as well as the regions biomedical, automotive, and defense industries.

But this isnt the only area of robotics thats made a big impression in Ohio. Gov. Kasich made a big push to set aside a few stretches of highway throughout the state as Smart Mobility Corridors, including a stretch near Columbus.

There are also efforts to bring such tests to corridors throughout Northern Ohio, too.

The central Ohio hub, a 35-mile stretch of State Route 33 around Marysville, is being wired with fiber optic cables for data collection. Ohio State and Honda are both nearby, as are the Transportation Research Center and NHTSA Vehicle Research Test Center. And Wind River, a subsidiary of Intel, has already announced a program with OSU, the TRC, and the city of Dublin to test self-driving vehicles on this stretch of road.

As for the larger impact of robot labor, the Brookings study points toward, but stops short of, larger conclusions behind the placement of these industry robots, including economic anxiety around robots taking human jobs and the political impact.

And that political impact is certainly worth paying attention to. That Daily Beast story highlights the disconnect between the growing high-tech industry in Youngstown and the manufacturing plans that President Trump has touted for the area, promising that cracking down on the unbalanced steel trade of other nations will magically revive an industry that many consider long gone from the area.

To see the other side of the impact of robotics, though, look no further than the Carrier plant near Indianapolis. Despite President Trumps boast of saving jobs at the factory last fall, it was later determined that many of those supposedly saved jobs will be lost to automation at the plant. More robots.

Brookings plans to release another study later this year that more closely examines the disruption to metro areas brought by the changing robotics world. We can only hope that Brookings doesn't hire robot researchers to taint the data.

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Robots Have Quietly Become Ohio's Booming Workforce - Cleveland Scene Weekly

Robotic Industries Association – Robotics Online (press release)

Robotic Industries Association Posted 08/17/2017

Organization's Research Provides Guide for Robotics and Automation Sales, Likelihood of Additional Growth in 2017

ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN The Association for Advancing Automation (A3), the leading global advocate for the benefits of automating, announced today the results of its research on robotics and automation trends, sales, and growth. A3 provides quarterly statistical reports to its members for benchmarking and business intelligence purposes. As expected, many records were set in the areas of robotics, machine vision, motion control and motor technology for the first half of 2017.

A snapshot of some of A3's research findings includes:

Robotics The North American robotics market had its best opening half ever to begin 2017, setting new records in all four statistical categories (order units, order revenue, shipment units, and shipment revenue). In total, 19,331 robots valued at approximately $1.031 billion were sold in North America during the first half of 2017, which is the highest level ever recorded to begin a year. These figures represent growth of 33% in units and 26% in dollars over 2016. Automotive related orders grew substantially in that time, increasing 39% in units and 37% in dollars, while non-automotive orders also grew 21% in units and 10% in dollars over the first half of 2016.

Motion Control & Motors For the first half of 2017, orders for motion control and motor products amounted to $1.622 billion, up 14% over the first six months of 2016. Shipments totaled $1.757 billion, up 10% over the first half of 2016, and the fastest growing categories in that timeframe, in terms of shipments, were Motion Controllers (21% to $97 million), Sensors & Feedback Devices (20% to $76 million), Actuators & Mechanical Systems (17% to $318 million), and AC Drives (17% to $199 million).

Vision & Imaging In 2017, the machine vision market in North America also posted its best first half performance compared to any other year. A total of $1.241 billion was sold in the first six months of the year, with an increase of 11% over the same period in 2016. Machine vision component markets were up 11% in total to $177 million and systems increased 10% to $1.058 billion. Some notable growth rates were: Lighting (20% to $35 million), Smart Cameras (16% to $183 million), and Optics (16% to $20 million).

Experts expect software to trend up, cameras, lighting, and imaging boards to be flat, and optics to trend down over the next six months. Additionally, expectations are for Application Specific Machine Vision (ASMV) systems to increase and smart cameras to remain flat in the next two quarters.

A3 Expertise A longtime advocate for and supporter of the robotics, machine vision, motion control and motor markets, A3 is comprised of three sister associations: the Robotic Industries Association (RIA); the Advancing Vision + Imaging Association (AIA); and the Motion Control & Motor Association (MCMA). A3 is currently at a record combined membership of 1,064 as of July 31, 2017.

"Year over year, our membership has been on a steady growth trajectory, the result of more companies understanding, and embracing, the direct impact automation can have on their bottom line," said Jeff Burnstein, president of A3. "We look forward to the continued advancement of our industry and helping companies of all sizes access the connections, information, and training they need to succeed with automation."

A3 On the Road A3 will host several events in the fall of 2017 that support the organizations and industries noted in its research findings. They include:

For more details or to sign up, visit the A3 website.

About Association for Advancing Automation (A3) The Association for Advancing Automation is the global advocate for the benefits of automating. A3 promotes automation technologies and ideas that transform the way business is done. A3 is the umbrella group for Robotic Industries Association (RIA), AIA - Advancing Vision + Imaging, and Motion Control & Motor Association (MCMA). RIA, AIA, and MCMA combined represent over 1,060 automation manufacturers, component suppliers, system integrators, end users, research groups and consulting firms from throughout the world that drive automation forward.

For more information, visit: A3. RIA. AIA. MCMA.

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Robotic Industries Association - Robotics Online (press release)

Are Amazon’s robots job robbers or dance partners? – The Providence Journal

From the sharp stones wielded by our early ancestors to the internet, every step in the evolving relationship between humans and their tools has awakened new possibilities, and new fears. The bottom line on 'bots: There will be human displacement, but fresh opportunities, too.

NORTH READING, Mass. Every day is graduation day at Amazon Robotics.

Here's where the more than 100,000 orange robots that glide along the floors of various Amazon warehouses are made and taught their first steps.

Here they practice their first pirouettes. And heavy lifting too, as they twirl while hauling shelves filled with cinder blocks.

And finally once they've been given the green light by their makers about 38 robots assemble in a tight four-row formation and in orderly fashion wheel themselves up onto pallets that will be shipped to one of the 25 Amazon warehouses that employ automatons.

Amazon staffers call it the "graduation ceremony," and it takes place several times a day. So far this year the company has graduated more than 55,000 robots.

These robots, and the thousands of Amazonians who build, program and use them, are laying out the next episode in a very old story the evolving relationship between humans and their tools.

From the sharp stones wielded by our early ancestors to the internet, every step along the way has awakened new possibilities, and new fears too.

Now, it's the turn of robotics, a discipline that after decades of experimentation and recent big leaps in artificial intelligence has finally reached a maturity that allows mass deployment.

"We're at an inflection point the ability of robots to be useful at a low-cost point," said Beth Marcus, a robotics expert and startup founder who recently joined Amazon Robotics as a senior principal technologist.

This latest wave of automation has spurred anxiety among scholars and policymakers. They warn it might contribute to a growing economic divide, in which workers with more education or the right skills reap the benefits of automation, while those with inadequate training are replaced by robots and increasingly left out of lucrative jobs.

It's not a novel concern: Spinning jennies, which revolutionized the weaving industry, sparked similar resistance in 19th-century England. And in the 1960s, the U.S. government created a task force to study the impact of technology on livelihoods.

"If we understand it, if we plan for it, if we apply it well, automation will not be a job destroyer or a family displacer," President Lyndon Johnson said at the time.

History has shown that, over time, job losses in rapidly advancing sectors are offset by gains in other activities spurred by a growing economy.

That perspective doesn't quell contemporary concerns. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates has proposed taxing robots to pay for other jobs, such as teachers. Some scholars also seem to be losing faith in the old playbook.

"There's never been a worse time to be a worker with only 'ordinary' skills and abilities to offer, because computers, robots and other digital technologies are acquiring these skills and abilities at an extraordinary rate," Massachusetts Institute of Technology professors Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee wrote in their 2014 book, "The Second Machine Age."

In a recent report, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development said that technology is contributing to the disappearance of middle-skill jobs, both in manufacturing and in clerical work, even though it helps create both highly skilled and low skilled positions.

Amazon is the poster child for automation, and not only because of the orange warehouse robots. Its machine-learning software lets the company predict customer behavior. New retail concepts, such as the Amazon Go convenience store in downtown Seattle, heavily rely on sensor technology in an effort to do away with the need for cashiers.

Amazon is also working hard to have drones deliver items to people's homes, a move that may replace a lot of delivery drivers.

But automation certainly hasn't slowed down Amazon's colossal appetite for people. The company's payroll expansion has long exceeded revenue growth: In the quarter that ended last June, its workforce grew by 42 percent to 382,400 jobs, versus sales growth of 25 percent.

It's hard to say, in the case of Amazon, how many potential human jobs have gone to the robots, or inversely, how many new positions have been created to handle this new feature of working life.

But Amazon says that warehouses equipped with robotics typically see "greater job creation with more full-time employees," due to the increased volume of orders these centers can handle. Amazon also says automation has meant the creation of desirable, high-skilled jobs designing robots and teaching them how to do things, as well as middle-skilled jobs such as repairing the robots, or simply focusing on more sophisticated warehouse tasks while letting machines do the boring stuff.

Marcus says that there are plenty of tasks humans will monopolize for a long time.

"There are many things humans do really well that we don't even understand yet," she said.

Amazon Robotics' facility, in suburban Boston, was first established by Kiva Systems, a company founded on the concept of flipping warehouse logistics around. Instead of having workers walk to products, it sought to bring items to the workers. The solution: flat, wheeled robots called "drive units" that navigate a warehouse by reading stickers on the floor, all while carrying merchandise on their backs.

Amazon bought Kiva in 2012 for $775 million in cash and started introducing the robots into its warehouses in 2014.

Since then, the robotics facility stopped selling to other customers, while its orange robots, now in their fourth generation, have come to play an important part in Amazon's operations. In fact, robotics seem to be more important to Amazon's bottom line than to other tech giants also making big bets in the field, such as Google, experts say.

A few steps into the Amazon Robotics building, a small sign warns visitors in jest to please not feed the robots.

Some 500 employees work in the facility, mostly engineers and scientists, as well as technicians who assemble the robots. The hardware side is led by Parris Wellman. As a kid he wanted to build cars and went on to earn a mechanical-engineering degree at the University of Pennsylvania. There, studying under prominent roboticist Vijay Kumar, Wellman discovered robots. After a Ph.D. from Harvard and a few years in biotech and in medical devices, he joined Amazon Robotics, returning to what he calls his "first love."

What he likes about the opportunity is that he can build something and deploy it en masse pretty quickly.

Another interesting aspect of the work, he said, is that the roboticists get plenty of feedback from the warehouse associates who will be dealing directly with the robots. For example, associates helped designers pick out the color of the new lightweight shelves that the robots carry: yellow, because that makes it easier to see the items they carry.

And it was a maintenance worker at a warehouse who designed, and patented with Amazon's help, a metal rod that staffers use to push inactive robots around the factory floor (it's easier than picking up the 750-pound devices).

"Innovation is not restricted to a particular set of people," Wellman said.

One of these centers is in DuPont, Washington, a warehouse dedicated to mid-size and large items, where 500 humans work alongside hundreds of robots. There the automatons have the run of the core of the warehouse, a maze brimming with metal shelves stocked with merchandise.

They operate in a different space from the humans, who are mostly on the outskirts of the facility. But they work together in an elaborate, seemingly seamless dance.

This interaction with the robotic workforce has created new types of roles.

Barry Tormoehlen, a former electrician and conveyance mechanic, is one of a dozen people at DuPont who do preventive maintenance on the drive units, vacuum their interiors, "wipe them down" every once in a while and fix them when needed.

Over time, Tormoehlen has learned to recognize the individual units, which each have a number and a maintenance history of their own. The collaboration between these robots and humans has created a local folklore.

Workers have painted some of the robots to give them personality: A robot with fiery flames on its sides is known as the "devil drive." Another, decorated by warehouse workers in blue and yellow instead of the usual orange, is dubbed "The Minion," after animated characters who have the same color pattern.

During a recent visit to the DuPont center, 29-year old Ashley Parks, a former medical assistant from Yelm, Washington, stowed newly arrived items of various shapes and sizes onto a shelf atop "The Minion."

"They kind of dance around you," she said of the automatons, adding that they make her more efficient in her job.

As for fears of one day losing her job to a machine, she seemed nonchalant. "I don't think they're going to take away our jobs," she said. "They stay on their side, I stay on my side."

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Are Amazon's robots job robbers or dance partners? - The Providence Journal

KES Robotics Club comes first in national competition after disaster averted, heading to worlds – The Hants Journal


The Hants Journal
KES Robotics Club comes first in national competition after disaster averted, heading to worlds
The Hants Journal
After weeks and months of intense coding and late nights of robot building, a scrappy team from King's-Edgehill School in Nova Scotia ended up placing first against 12 other teams from Quebec and Ontario during the Canadian qualifier for the World ...

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KES Robotics Club comes first in national competition after disaster averted, heading to worlds - The Hants Journal

Kids equipped for futureafter success with robotics – The West Australian

Pilbara students proved their mastery with robots at the RoboCup Junior WA competition in Perth last week.

Six teams from Wickham, Tambrey and Baynton West primary schools excelled at their first time at the annual educational robotics tournament, competing in dance and rescue challenges with a range of advanced robots.

A four-person team from Tambrey Primary, consisting of Year 6 students Ben Gillon, Daniel Dang, George Ralph and Trey Jankowski, won gold in the competition primary dance competition, beating 54 other teams.

Their creative dance, The 4 Wall-Es, involved several robots acting out Pixar film Wall-E.

Two Pilbara teams also collected medals in the primary rescue category.

Kade Higgins and William Kinninmont, of Wickham Primary School, won silver while Bailey Smith, of Baynton West Primary, took home bronze.

It comes after the first Pilbara RoboCup Junior event, which was also the first in regional WA, was held at Wickham Primary School in June.

Scitech Statewide director Nick Wood said the Pilbara students had excelled at their first showing at the Perth event. The Pilbara teams demonstrated a high skill level and strong problem-solving abilities I think that is testament to the efforts of students, teachers and the school communities to make robotics and coding part of the core school activities, he said.

All the Pilbara schools Scitech work with have done a fantastic job integrating technology into the classroom, and the students are going from strength to strength in coding and computing as well as literacy, numeracy and problem solving.

Tambrey Primary principal Troy Withers said its teams gold medal in the primary dance vision was a fantastic result and the school community was very proud.

Theyve gotten a fair bit out of it and had to get out of their comfort zone, he said. That division was about combining their own physical movement with what the robots were doing, but they pulled it off really well.

Mr Withers said the teams success had inspired other students to take more interest in robotics.

Wickham Primary deputy principal and STEM co-ordinator Melissa Reimers said the results showed how much robotics and STEM talent there was among children in the Pilbara.

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Kids equipped for futureafter success with robotics - The West Australian

Students learn critical thinking, problem solving during PLCC Robotics Camp – Suburbanite

Carolynn Mostyn TheSuburbanite.com correspondent

Middleschoolers Owen Garee,of Green,and Dylan Snyder,ofLake,were working together to make the final adjustments to their robot for competition at Portage Lakes Career Center during the VEX Robotics Camp.

Two camps ran July 24 through 28 at the school. The first was a beginner camp and the second an advanced camp. Many of the campers attend both camps.

The team of Garee and Snyder found after programming the robot and making a trial run that the robot's wheels were not steady and were"whacky and wiggly," they said. They then tightened all of the bolts and nuts to keep the robot going in straight lines and staying on the course.

The camp instructors are high school teachers and college students working with IST (Integrated Systems Technology).

Michael James, atech teacher at Elgin High School near Marion,said they put competition into the days at camp.

"Anytime a kid can have competition they will learn and do better," he said.

Jamessaid critical thinking, problem solving and working as a team are important lessons the campers learn.

"If you look at any engineering or any project, you have to work as a team. It is not just 'hey I can do it all myself,' " he said.

James added they do, sometimes, match kids up as teams but for the most partthe kids just sit down and start working together.

"It is amazing how few problems you have with that," Jamessaid. "A lot of them are kids from different schools and they don't know anyone. They start making friends."

The team of instructors travel all over the state doing camps throughout the summer.

Jarrett Taylor and Ben Casper were working to program code their robot to follow the course and pick up a cone and place it on top of another one. The boys explained that instructors are keeping score of each team's progress of different tasks to earn a ranking within the 12 teams.

The students at camp were from various school districts in the area and are going into sixth through ninth grade. This is the fourth year the robotics camp has been held at the career center.

Maria Schlenk, programming and software development instructor for PLCC, said on the first day the kids worked from an instruction book and parts and pieces to build their robots. Once they completed the robots, they use a game controller to drive them around and play with them. The second day, they competed going through mazes and picking things up.

"That was fun for the kids," she said.

Students also began programming the robots, writing a program in a language calledRobotics C, whichtells the robot how to move and what to do. Robots then areoperated autonomously (without a human controlling them).

The STEM camp is primarily engineering and the students are hands-on inbuilding the robots and using their creativity. During the programming or coding, logic, thinking step-by-step and control comes in to play.

"It is thinking logically, critically and problem solving," said Schlenk.

She said the students sometimes want to hurry and get the robot together so they can play with it. That is when they find out that the wheels might fall off and parts don't work. But they learn, Schlenk.

"The more work you put in ahead of time the better the first results," she said. "Take time to do it right the first time and you won't have to redo it. They also learn interpersonal skills. You have to model teamwork and teach teamwork."

The last day of camp parents are invited to watch the competition between the teams.

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Students learn critical thinking, problem solving during PLCC Robotics Camp - Suburbanite

Matrix Design, LLC – Robotics Online (press release)

Matrix Design, LLC Posted 08/17/2017

New Modular Robotic Deburr Demo Cell Includes interchangeable stations and FANUC robot

South Elgin, IL - Matrix Design, LLC will be exhibiting at Gear Expo 2017 from October 24-26 in Columbus, OH. Thousands of gear industry professionals are expected to attend the event to discover cost-effective solutions and new technologies.

Gear Expo, owned by the American Gear Manufacturers Association, offers learning opportunities and educational options designed to give technology professionals and those that serve the industry tools to succeed in the future. This event takes place at the Greater Columbus Convention Center where attendees will get a one-stop shopping experience that covers all their manufacturing needs including automation, forgings, bearings, heat treating, inspection, and more than 75 other product categories.

Matrix will exhibit in booth #422, a 20 x 20 space, and will feature their brand new Deburr Demo cell. Here, attendees will have the opportunity to see live advanced robotic deburring technologies. This modular-designed automation system includes four interchangeable stations arranged in a quadrant formation around a single M-20iA35M FANUC robot, each featuring various deburring solutions that address the unique challenges associated with deburring.

We are very excited to unveil our new robotic deburring applications system, says Jeff Bennett, Vice President of Sales and Marketing. This new system will allow us to demonstrate our automated deburring technologies to manufacturers as well as qualify new potential deburring applications. Matrixs staff will be on hand to present, answer questions, and to help end users understand how manufacturers operations can benefit from increased productivity, improved safety and work environment, decreased costs, and consolidation of processes.

About Matrix Design Matrix works closely with end users to develop, build, and install robotic automation systems. Specializing in machine tending, deburring, and a range of material handling systems, Matrix has built a reputation for designing and delivering the most optimal and robust industrial automation systems to manufacturers worldwide.

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Matrix Design, LLC - Robotics Online (press release)

Robots can now heal themselves – Wired.co.uk

Science Museum / Heritage Lottery Fund

Roboticists have designed soft robots that can heal themselves.

Cutting your hand or tearing a muscle are both injuries that heal over time for living organisms. But what if robots could heal too? New research published in the Science Robotics Journal suggests this may be the case in our near future.

Researchers at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) have extended this self-healing property specifically to soft robots. These are robots constructed from flexible materials that enable them to be used to grab delicate objects in the food industry or in minimally invasive surgery. They play an important role in rehabilitation and arm prostheses.

Bram Vanderborght

"A robot is very complex and difficult to repair. And the soft robots are particularly susceptible to sharp objects and high pressure" explains professor Bram Vanderborght of VUB, one of the five researchers behind the project. "This research is the first step in introducing self-healing materials in soft robotics, which we think will start a whole new research field of self-healing robotics," Vanderborght continues.

During their experiments, the team built soft robots made entirely from rubbery polymers. When damaged, these materials first recovered their original shape and then healed completely. "This principle was tested on three self-healing robotic components: a gripper used for robots to pick up items, a robot hand, and an artificial muscle," he continues. "Realistic damage could be healed completely without leaving any weak spot. The prototypes were able to fully resume their tasks."

Once a soft robot is damaged, the material is able to heal after being heated for 40 minutes at 80C. After 24 hours at 25C, the damaged robot's strength and flexibility would also be restored.

The polymer material used does this because it consists of a network of cross links that allow the Diels-Alder reaction to take place. This reaction allows new bonds to be made by the molecules. "By applying heat, those cross-links will break, which gives the polymer material more mobility. This mobility allows the molecules to close the gap made by the damage. When healed the material has to be cooled down, during which the initial properties are almost completely regained," explains Vanderborght.

The team, which has backing from the European Research Council, also has big hopes for the impact of this research. "We hope that humans will develop a new kind of trust in robots, knowing that their functional performance is not depending on the human detection and repair of damages," the team said in a statement.

Indeed, the gap in this field of industry makes this research particularly exciting. "The inability to heal is one of the major shortcomings of our mechanical systems versus their biological counterparts," confirms electrical engineering expert, professor Russell Tedrake of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Suitable progress in this direction could substantially improve the robustness of our machines." However, Tedrake questions the extent to which this technology is completely groundbreaking, noting that we already have self-healing tyres.

But Fumiya Iida, soft robotic researcher at the University of Cambridge, argues the research is a major step-forward for the field. "Self-healing soft robot technology is a significant breakthrough. Self-recovery makes the entire mechanical system cheaper and safer in a human-oriented environment".

More immediately, the VUB team is hoping to work towards adding a sensor network to detect the health status of robots and even new materials.

Updated 17.08.17, 12:50: This article was amended to correct the spelling of Fumiya Iida's name and clarify a statement given by Russell Tedrake.

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Robots can now heal themselves - Wired.co.uk

Film Review: Patriots QB Jimmy Garoppolo vs. the Jacksonville Jaguars – Pats Pulpit

Football is back! The first preseason game of the year ended in defeat for the Patriots, but more important than the score of the game is how individual players looked. With the debate surrounding the Patriots backup quarterback situation this off-season, how Jimmy Garoppolo and Jacoby Brissett perform this preseason could influence the plans for the position moving forward. With this in mind, I asked Patriots fans to decide which of the backups they wanted to see a film breakdown of. 60% of voters decided on Jimmy Garoppolo, so here we (after a slight NFL Gamepass-related delay) go.

With Tom Brady getting the night off, Jimmy Garoppolo was tabbed as the starter for the first preseason game against the Jacksonville Jaguars. Garoppolo put up impressive numbers, completing 22 of 28 attempts for 235 yards and two touchdowns. While the media provided effusive praise, Garoppolos performance doesnt quite live up the numbers. Lets take a closer look.

The biggest takeaway from the fourth year quarterbacks performance is that he showed an impressive feel for the pocket and where pressure was coming from.

The Jaguars get immediate pressure up the middle, and Garoppolo sees it and rolls away from the pressure as soon as he sees it. This isnt always the right thing to do, but in this situation Garoppolo had no other choice. He keeps his eyes downfield and finds his man to pick up a first down from third and long.

The touchdown everyone has seen by now is another good example of his pocket management. Dante Fowler gets inside leverage on LaAdrian Waddle (not a good look for Waddles roster hopes) and forces Jimmy to bail from the pocket. An argument could be made he shouldve stepped up with Jamil Douglas helping out on Fowler, but Fowler wouldve had an opportunity to get a hand on Jimmy if he did. Garoppolo resets his feet and looks downfield, making the throw for the touchdown to Austin Carr.

This wasnt a perfect playfading and throwing off his back foot is a recipe for disaster, and the throw wasnt particularly accuratebut when you evade pressure the way he did, and the result is a touchdown, those can be forgiven.

Beyond his pocket movement, Garoppolo flashed the ability (if inconsistently, more on that later) to make some impressive throws into tight windows.

Crowded pocket, hands jumping in his face, tight window, third and long, money throw. High enough the underneath LBs cant reach, behind his TEs ear so the safety cant come in and break it up, in a place that only his receiver can go get it, and Jacob Hollister did just that. First down.

30 yards down the field, 25 yards across the field. Find the length of the hypotenuse. Nearly 40 air-yard throw to the sideline, he may have been a little late getting to the target, but delivers a strike for a big first down on a deep comeback.

Lastly, probably my favorite throw he made on the night. Get to the top of your drop, set, back-shoulder throw the CB cant do anything about in 1-on-1 coverage, easy first down on a throw thats more difficult than it looks.

Garoppolo made some atrocious throws in this game, speaking to the inconsistency mentioned in the above section. He started the game off very slowly, which can be argued as just shaking off some rust and getting into a rhythm, or as struggling against the Jaguars starters and picking on the backups.

Garoppolo has a chance to put his team in the red zone, and correctly attempts to make a back-shoulder throw with a safety closing over the top and the defender step for step on Devin Luciens inside shoulder. Garoppolo cant even give Lucien a chance to make the play, however, as he leads him out of bounds.

The pocket movement here deserves to be in the Good section, but the throw lands it here. After a pump fake and stepping up in the pocket to evade the initial pressure, Jimmy finds his tight end wide open and completely misses him.

This couldve been 6. This shouldve been a big play. This was almost an interception. Garoppolo is late getting the ball out and not only underthrows his man, but leads him so far inside the ball almost landed in the safetys (who started about 10 yards to the right of the play) hip pocket.

I mean...come on. Yes, Dion Lewis managed to get a hand on it. Working from a completely clean pocket with a receiver more than 3 yards clear of any defender and facing directly at you, only ~9 yards away, there is no excuse for that ball to land anywhere other than his numbers.

Finally, a completed pass, but this is how you get your receivers killed. Open window to throw in and Garoppolo leads Hollister too far. Hollister makes a great play on the ball, and then pays the price for doing so, getting hit in the head twice immediately after catching the pass. (*Note: There was an issue uploading this gif, I had to use a different site to do so. It needs to be clicked on or hovered over to play, it will not autoplay like the others)

The Patriots did not ask Jimmy Garoppolo to do a whole lot. Most of his completions came on screens and dump-offs. He made some impressive throws but for every good one he had, he cancelled it out with an equally bad one. He heated up as the game went on, but as already mentioned, its tough to tell whether to attribute that to Garoppolo settling in, or him finding success against the Jaguars backups (Jacksonville played most of their defensive starters in the game).

Ultimately, my biggest takeaway was Garoppolos pocket movement. He was under pressure quite frequently in this game and generally knew when to step up and maneuver in the pocket and when to bail and try to extend the play with his legs. This was the one area of his game I came away from pre-season week 1 truly impressed with. This game provided us with more of the same from Garoppolo: Enough flashes to provide hope for the future, enough downside to question if hes actually a part of it.

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Film Review: Patriots QB Jimmy Garoppolo vs. the Jacksonville Jaguars - Pats Pulpit

Ashes to Ashes, Dust to … Interactive Biodegradable Funerary Urns? – WUWM

Earlier this summer, a modest little startup in Barcelona, Spain, unveiled its newest product a biodegradable, Internet-connected funeral urn that turns the ashes of departed loved ones into an indoor tree. Just mix the cremains with soil and seedlings, and the digital-age urn will automatically water and care for your memorial sapling, sending constant updates to an app on your smartphone.

At first glance, the concept seems gimmicky evidently, we're running out of ideas for smart appliances. But the Bios Incube system can also be seen as the latest example of a gradual transformation in modern culture.

Technology is fundamentally changing how we deal with death and its attendant issues of funerals, memorials and human remains. Much of this change is for the good. Some developments are a little spooky. But one thing is for sure: You can do a lot of cool things with ashes these days.

The Bios Incube system, which went on sale in June after a successful crowdfunding campaign, is the latest iteration of a much older idea in which ashes are essentially used as compost for a memorial tree or plant. But the Incube system adds some high-tech twists. The biodegradable urn is placed within a 5-gallon planter with an elegant, off-white, minimalist design vibe call it the iUrn.

Actually, that's the Incube. Fill it with water and an internal irrigation system kicks in while separate sensors monitor the progress of your plant, taking constant readings on temperature, humidity and soil conditions. This information is wirelessly beamed to the included smartphone app, allowing the bereaved user to better care for and nurture the seedling as it grows into a tree.

Roger Molin, co-founder of Bios Urn, says the company offers two versions of its system. One provides the basic biodegradable urn and planter at $145. The more expensive version if you want all the high-tech bells, whistles, atmosphere sensors and smartphone apps tops out at $695.

"Interestingly enough, we have found so far that most have opted voluntarily for the high-tech option," Molin says.

He has a theory on that.

"Most of us are connected to the digital world, and we have become used to it," he says. "Perhaps by tying together this process with technology, there can be a sense of comfort that comes from using a familiar process with a new experience. We hope that it will push people in a new direction and perhaps make this process easier for those experiencing loss."

The Bios Urn concept is indeed part of a larger transformation in which technology is changing how we think about death and dying, says Candi Cann, author of the book Virtual Afterlives: Grieving the Dead in the Twenty-first Century.

"Their approach implies a different sort of afterlife than the religious one an afterlife that theoretically we can partake in," says Cann, who teaches religion and world culture at Baylor University.

"Recent theories on mourning reveal that having continued bonds with the deceased allow us to navigate everyday life while renegotiating our relationships with loved ones who are no longer present," she says. "So in this way, the Bios Urn might actually foster a healthy type of mourning that allows us to look after the dead in an active, daily way."

Caring for the dead via a smartphone app may seem strange, Cann says, but it makes perfect sense for those of us living in a perpetually connected world: "The generation today has grown up with online spaces and smartphones, so this is their medium."

Cann has done extensive research on modern mourning rituals around the planet, and the various ways that technology is impacting how we deal with death and dying. The Internet has certainly changed the way we do things. Obituaries are posted online, funeral arrangements are sent by email or text, and social media platforms like Facebook now offer a range of memorial pages and legacy contact options.

In general, this is all good healthy progress, Cann says. "Smartphones and social media spaces have forced a decline in the importance of a controlled obituary narrative, as more people can contribute to the communal memory of a person and the meaning of their life," she says.

A recurring theme in Cann's work concerns an odd and abiding reticence in mainstream Western attitudes toward death: In short, we just don't like to talk about it. Our aversion leads to a lot of unhealthy sublimation in the culture. "I would argue that the reason we see so much death in the media and in video games is precisely because we are not having real conversations about death," Cann says.

Technology is helping in that arena, too. Cann points to online communities like Death Cafe, which use Internet forums to arrange local meetups for people wanting to talk about death.

Then there is the issue of what to do with the remains. We humans have been navigating this dilemma since the dawn of civilization, but recent technological advances have opened up some options. You can have ashes incorporated into jewelry, blended into oil paintings, mixed into tattoo ink, submerged into coral reefs or even pressed into vinyl records. And don't forget about the festive fireworks option.

While developing the Bios Urn system, Molin explored how other cultures are processing cremains, like Tokyo's unique Ruriden columbarium, which utilizes LED Buddha statues and digital smart cards.

"I've seen some interesting things in China and Japan," he says. "Both have run of out burial space in larger cities and have created interesting ways of commemorating those who have passed."

Cann says that these new modern rituals, facilitated by various technologies, can help us get a little friendlier with death.

"In Brazil, I went to a public crematorium that cremates a body every 15 minutes, and is an actively used public park and picnic space," he says. "Families were playing and picnicking among the ashes. If we see deathscapes as friendly places, rather than where the dead are banished, we might be able to utilize them in healthier and more creative ways."

Looking to the future, however, Cann addresses more worrisome technologies.

"One of the areas I'm thinking more about is the use of artificial intelligence and digital avatars," Cann said. "These are people intending to upload themselves, via AI, into digital avatars."

Proponents of this idea contend that uploading the mind into a computer is entirely plausible. But science fiction has some cautionary tales in this area any technology that promises to defy death is usually nothing but trouble. Ask Dr. Frankenstein. Even speculating on this sci-fi scenario can get a bit dodgy, Cann says.

"Whenever people focus more on extending life rather than examining its quality, death loses its importance," Cann says. "If we are spending more time trying to deny death or prolong dying, then I think we are not living well."

In this light, the Bios Urn seems like a fairly gentle step forward. Technology can't yet provide us with digital immortality, but it can help us grow a memorial tree in our living room. What's not to like?

Glenn McDonald is a freelance writer, editor and game designer based in Chapel Hill, N.C. You can follow him @glennmcdonald1.

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Ashes to Ashes, Dust to ... Interactive Biodegradable Funerary Urns? - WUWM

Visit Chernobyl in virtual reality on PlayStation VR – Mashable

Image: Sergey Dolzhenko/Epa/REX/Shutterstock

If you've always wanted to visit the abandoned location of the Chernobyl disaster, you'll be able to do that from the safety of your home soon with PlayStation VR.

The Chernobyl VR Project is coming to PS VR "in the near future," according to a PlayStation Blog post, sending people into the abandoned area of land around the site of the Chernobyl disaster.

In 1986, there was a disaster at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near Pripyat, Ukraine, resulting in more than 30 deaths and sending radiation into the air. The area was evacuated and has been largely abandoned by humans ever since.

The Chernobyl VR Project is an "interactive journey" to the abandoned area of Ukraine, allowing players to experience the surreal scene that has gone largely untouched since the '80s.

Here's a glimpse of the game, which is already available on Samsung Gear VR, HTC Vive and Oculus Rift.

The game takes a tour through the nuclear power plant, the iconic amusement park, a school, a hospital, and more.

"The Chernobyl exclusion zone, filled with a vast number of abandoned buildings, offers stories at every turn," developer Dawid Biegun said in the blog post. "You can spot everyday objects left behind by the populace during the evacuation, as they were told theyd return in a few days. 30 years later we came across rooms that seemed frozen in time, untouched since they were originally vacated."

While capturing footage for the project, the developers carried a Geiger counter to make sure they didn't step into radiated areas. They saw some of the structures falling apart while they were there, which further instilled their desire to document the area.

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Visit Chernobyl in virtual reality on PlayStation VR - Mashable